Integrace odborného anglického a německého jazyka do výuky přírodovědných předmětů

BIOCHEMIEsestavila PhDr. Marcela Helešicová

SPŠCH Brno, 2013

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF LIVING ORGANISMS

text for education of biochemistry

KEY WORDS

• living organisms• living matter• chemical elements• biogenic elements–macrobiogenic elements–microbiogenic elements– trace elements

KEY WORDS• biomolecules• inorganic substances– water– carbon dioxide– salts

• organic substances– proteins– nucleid acids– saccharides– lipids

• biological macromolecules – biopolymers• high molecular substances• low molecular substances

CHEMICAL ELEMENTS IN THE NATURE

• 92 elements are naturally present in the nature.

ELEMENTS IN THE EARTH´S CRUST

• 92 elements • 75 % oxygen and silicon, 25 % other elements

BIOGENIC ELEMENTS

• About 30 elements create the living matter.• Biogenic elements are divided into 3 groups.

• Macrobiogienic elements: C, O, H, N, S, P, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl, Fe– Four elements represent up to 95 % of living

matter. – building function

BIOGENIC ELEMENTS

• Microbiogienic elements: I, Zn, Co, Mn, Mo, Cu– catalytic function

• Trace elements: Al, F, Si, Se, ……….– catalytic function

BIOMOLECULES Living organisms are composed of several

types of substances called biomolecules. Low molecular substances High molecular substances

BIOMOLECULES

• Low molecular substances (Mr < 10 000)

–water– carbon dioxide–mineral salts– amino acids– lipids–monosaccharides– nucleotides

BIOMOLECULES

• High molecular substances (Mr > 10 000)

–BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES–proteins–nucleic acids–polysaccharides

Questions and tasks

1. Which two chemical elements are the most frequent in the Earth’s crust and what is their form?

2. What are biogenic elements, how do we divide them?3. Name 4 basic macroelements. Why are they important?

What is their content (percentage) in living organisms?4. Name the microbiogenic elements and give examples of

their importance.5. What is the function which is common for trace

elements and what is their content in living organisms?

Questions and tasks6. Explain the term biomolecule. Which element forms

biomolecules?7. What is the average content of water in organisms and

what is its function? 8. Give 3 examples of non-dissociated salts which are present

in human body. Give examples of tissues, where the salts are present.

9. Name the basic groups of biopolymers and name the building units they consist of.

10. Give the average percentage of proteins, saccharides, lipids and nucleic acids in living organisms.

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION