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1

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skfmvf sn mk bfmfp iV, sp mk zfmfsj iVsk slsJY. (hcJfvD W mcndtm)

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2

ufmfzfk nijDGq mfnfsqt 186 ufmfzfskv mfb W vk 184 ufmfzfskv IpDtk W mfrfkA 189 sjfbX ufmfzfsk nWqfh shwD? 193 jfv iv hQ sjfbX bfmfspv ufmfzfk Wqfsuh? 194 ufmfzfsk mdrtfslv zQw oarB 194 ufmfzfk kKf mndusl pfWqfv djYc zflh 196 dj dj Wpsv ufmfzfk YfVf pfq? 197 jkstf bfmfpD rst ufmfzfk rsh? 200 bfmfspv jkecjc zQw sist ufmfzfskv IpDtk ifWqf pfq? 200 mnduslv ufmfzfk Ycse sost 201 mndusl dkDq ufmfzfk 201 ufmfzfskv bfmfp slvDsk rst 202 mfmdkv dhhvB 202 mfm rWqfv nhGfdLj shwD spfoA sj? 203 pfslv mfmdk ShL W 203 pfslv mfmdk bq 206 mfm W mcflDv l]fVfhfv fb W dbqm 210 mfsmv jkGhA 213 mcflDv jkGhA 217 mfsmv iyfsk djvfzfk 225 mcflDv ufmfzfsk wfdmt rWqfv dhdH zhf 227 vjC sist vfjzfk oBA 228 mnhCsjv dlf 231 zfqfskv uhfsh mcflDv lczf htf 231 mfm Hct jvst mcflDv jkGhA 232 mfsmv mfmdk jvfq sjfb nmnAf slJf dlst 232 mfsmv wvmofr sJftf slJst 233 mfm nCvf Hct iVst 233 j bfmfp lchfv iVf pfq dj? 234 mfsmv kjhDv si]ZYfsbf 235 j bfmfp iVfv iv ziv bfmfspv ubA zsi[f jvfv IpDtk236 ucmzfv bfmfp 237 ucmzfr pfslv iv Ivp bq 238 ucmzfv nmq 239 ucmzfv ubA dbmkm bfmfpD nQJAf 240


3

ucmzfv fb 240 ucmzfv zfpfb 240 ucmzfv Jckhfv zfrjfm 242 ucmzfq idk hAdv jkGhA 245 fbDq HfNfq Jckhf 249 ucmzfv bfmfp W kfv nckD djvfzfk 249 ucmzfv vfjzfk Ycse sost 250 ucmzfv zfso W isv nck 251 ucmzfv isv hf hf'lft ucmzfv 4 zKhf 2 vfjzfk nck 251 ucmzfv dlsbv IpDtk W ShdwA 252 ucmzfv dlsb jvBDq 254 ucmzfv dlb pf zShL 256 slv dlb ucmzfr iVst 257 mcnfdIsvv bfmfp 258 jnv bfmfp 258 jklCv nIsv jnv dhsLq 259 sjfssj jnv v rsh? 259 jnsvv nmq-nDmf 260 nIsv nck W bIt bfmfp 260 mcnfdIsvv mfm W mcflD rsq bfmfp 261 mcnfdIsvv nIsvv zfso-isv bfmfp 262 bfmfp umf jsv iVfv dhLfb 262 sjfbX sjfbX zhfq umf jvf pfq? 263 hxd-hflst bfmfp umf 264 zbA sjfb zncdhLfv jfvsB bfmfp umf 264 umf dhNqj zbAfbA uvvD mfnfsqt 265 dhdH pfbhfrsb bfmfp 266 svfoDv bfmfp 267 nftfkct JfWI (Hsqv bfmfp) 269 Hq shwD rst 270 nck W bIt (zdkdv) bfmfp 271 bIt bfmfp Osv iVf Hft 271 bIt bfmfsp tf djqfm jvf m 272 bIt bfmfp dhbf Wusv hsn iVfW ShL 272 nck bfmfspv jfpf 273 bIt bfmfspv iajfvsHl 273 ncfsk mczfflfr W ofqv mczfflfr 273 ncfsk mczfflfr hf vfskhfr 273 Iusvv iCshG lc vfjfzfk nck 274


4

bfmfspv IpDtk 274 bfmfpsj rff jsv iVf 274 bfmfspv djvfzfk }274 bfmfspv iv Ffbjfsk wqb 275 bfmfspv jfpf 275 bfmfp dhNqj zfsvf djYc mfnfsqt 276 spfrsvv nck 276 mfosvshv nck 278 wfv nck 278 ncfsk ofqv mczfflfr 279 zfnsvv iCshG 2 zKhf 4 vfjzfk 279 mfosvshv zfso 2 vfjzfk 279 wfv iCshG 2 vfjzfk 280 kfrfcl bfmfp 280 bfmfspv mfrfkA 280 kfrfcslv dhdH zflh 283 kfrfcslv nmq 285 kfrfcslv vfjzfk nQJAf 286 kfrfcslv djvfzfk 286 kfrfcl bfmfspv jfpf 288 dhkXv bfmfp 288 dhkXsvv nmq 289 dhkXv bfmfspv vfjzfk nQJAf 290 1 vfjzfk dhkXv 290 dhkXv bfmfspv mcfrfh djvfzfk 291 dhkXsvv jcbCk 291 jcbCskv fb W dbqm 293 dhksvv bfmfspv nftfm dIsv lczf 293 j vfsk lchfv dhkXv dbdN 293 dhkXsvv iv bIt 2 vfjzfk 294 dhkXsvv jfpf 294 dhkXv bfmfsp ufmfzfk 294 i]fy-zX bfmfsp jcbCk 295 yfsv bfmfp 296 bfmfspv nmq 297 bfmfp jk vfjzfk? 297 yfsv bfmfp mndusl iVfv ixKj IpDtk 298 pfWqft (nCpG Ttfv) iCshG bfmfp 298 dJfvfv bfmfp 299


5

nftfkck kfnhDr 300 bfmfspv nmq 301 nftfkct rf-ufr 302 nftfkck kfWhfr 303 y W nCpGoarsBv bfmfp 304 nftfkct dnjf 305 hxd iafKGbfv dkDq idk 307 hxd iafKGbfv kxkDq idk 307 hxd iafKGbfv ykcKG idk 307 hxd-iafKGbfv jdkiq lczf 308 zdkhxd rst 309 jcvzfb dktfzskv dnulfr 309 dnulfv fbnmCr 310 dnulfv ubA WpC uvvD dj? 310 dktfzskv dnulfv lczf 310 bfmfspv dHksv dktfzskv dnulfr 311 jXsvv dnulfr 311 n dnulfr 312 bfmfp jm isV nftfm dIsv dlst 312 bfmfp shwD iVst 313 vfjzfsk nslr rst 313 iaKm kfwfrl kAfo jvst 314 n dnulfv zfbcNdj mfnfsqt 314 jdkiq dhlzfkD bfmfp 315 mf-hfsiv ubA bfmfp 315 slv vfskv bfmfp 315 jfpf mvD 316 nftfkct zfWqfhDb 316 rdkqfkD spfrv 316 nftfkct drIXp 316 mxskv ubA nfst nWqfshv bfmfp 317 mboVf iafkAdrj bfmfp W kfv sJqftD nWqfh 317 mboVf mfdnj bfmfp W kfv sJqftD nWqfh 319


6

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Abubakar Md. ZakariaSticky Note Abubakar Md. ZakariaHighlightAbubakar Md. ZakariaHighlightAbubakar Md. ZakariaHighlightAbubakar Md. ZakariaHighlightAbubakar Md. ZakariaHighlight Abubakar Md. ZakariaHighlight


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8

iadkiftsjv hflsk zbA jfsj wvDj bf jsv. (jc} 18/110) bhD mchfwXdwv hstb, F////E zKGf{, skfmvf snvi bfmfp iV, spvi zfmfsj iVsk slsJY. (hc}, dm} 683 bQ) zsbj ifEsjv msb vsk iaw ufof fHfdhj sp, icj sjfbX mprfhsj dHd jsv dtdJk? v sv htf pfq sp, mfm zfhC rfbDIf (v}) v d rflDn nrDr rst snde zfmfv mprfh. (hsb zfshlDb, rfdwqf 1/63, dnnfb} 46ix) zKGf{, nrDr rflDn ifWqf sost pqDI rflDn hf vfq W djqfnsj huGb jsv sn zbcpfqD zfmt jvf iaskAj mcndtsmv ubA Wqfsuh. zfv sn jKfv iadk dhswN sJqft svsJ icj dtdJk. bfmfp dw[fv hAfifsv ifEj rqskf dhdH h-icsj `bfbf mcdbv bfbf mk' t[A jvshb. zfv mb mkdhsvfL sp zfHfdhj kf bq. v jfvB zsbjef sp, zsbsjv dbje nrDr rflDn zufbf. zsbsjv dbje rflDn nrDr hst ufbf KfjstW zfnst kf pqDI. zfhfv sjfb rflDn j dvuft-ncs pqDI rstW kf sp zbA dvuft-nCs nrDr, kf zsbsjv zufbf. nckvfQ pdl sjfb mcukfdrl dbu udkrfsl sjfb mfnzftf hst Kfsjb hQ ltDt sn jKfv nmKGb jsv, zKhf sjfb zmcukfdrl zfstm pdl sjfb mcukfdrslv jKf dbu icsj hf Iskfqfq bjt jsvb, kfrst mb zfstsmv dhvs jcimcjkfv idvyq dlsq `H]c-sI]fV, jfEsmff' iaHxdk hst dhvi mhA jvf sjfb dh W pwD zfstsmv ubA swfHbDq W nmDyDb bq. spmb ifEsjv dyk, ltDstv vikf slsJ pKfnfLA ndEj sjfbXde kf dbviB jvsk syf jvf hQ sn msk zfmt jvf. s[s k]fv ubAW dyk bq, sjfb zdH zfstsmv dhvs sjfb iajfsvv jecd jvf. mb sYfeJfe dhNsq udkrflD mkifKGjAsj dhfdjv msb bf jvf. jfvB, njt (nckD) dhNsq ndEj Ifqnftf `rA]f' djQhf `bf' pf srfj, bfmfspv sjfb [dk rsh bf. zkh lfv msb iviv-dhsvfLD mskv msLA sp sjfb jdev iv ndEj fsb zfmt jvst dkdb nWqfh-iaf rshb. spmb mcukfdrslv Ifqnftf ndEj rst dkdb 2de hQ shdEj rst 1de sbjD tfH jvshb. zfv k]fv zdbYfjxk Hct LkGhA rsh bf. ifEsjv rfsk z icjde zfnst nQd[ zfjfsv iajfdwk `nftfsk mchfwXdwv'-v dhfdvk W hdLGk vi. rfWqftfq sp nQsjk hAhrfv rsqsY kfv hAfJAf vsqsY icsjv swN zQsw. jsthv hxd lvb hdesj lc Js dhH jvf uvvD dYt. iaskAj Js ucsV slWqf rsh sn nQsjk-idvdydk W iamfBiD. zfwf jdv ifEsjv hcUsk sjfb zncdhLf rsh bf. siwfq bq, sbwfq W iasqfusbv kfjDsl pf djYc dtdJ, pf djYc hdt, zffr nh skfmfv nd dhLfsbv sswA. zkh kf zfmfv hQ iajfwsjv jfY sKsj jhct jsv dbW. zfmDb.

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9

mrfb zffrv zbcoasr `nftfsk mchfwXdwv'-v dkDq J ifEsjv rfsk idk rt. kfv ubA k]fv lvhfsv tfsJf wcjdvqf fib jdv. Dsbv zbAkm J]cdev jde jfEfsmf siw jvsk sisv zfdm dbsusj spmb LbA msb jvdY, skmdb zfwf jvdY lczf W nWqfh tfsHv. sjht nrDr rflDnsj dHd jsv, zdLj s[s sj dj hstsYb kf sJ bf jsv sjht nrDr dljef kcst LsvdY zfmfv icdjfq. mfbcsNv msb nrDr dw[fv sykbf W hfnbfv jKf sJqft svsJ zfmfv [c iaqfn. zffr spb kf jhct jsvb, kf zfmfv jfmbf. dhdH dhkdjGk mfnfsqst zfdm hkGmfb dhswv iaLfb 3de vk; hkGmfb dhswv zdkDq mcrfdn zffmf wfqJ mcrfmfl bfsnvDb zfthfbD, zffmf wfqJ hsb hfp hQ zffmf W IjDr wfqJ hsb NfmDb (vfdrmfmcf ufmDzfb)osBv rflDnt W nrDr ltDt dHdj mksj iafLfbA dlsqdY. zfv jKf zhwA iamfB jsv sp, zfdm k]fslv iaskAsjv; hvQ iaskAj rj-nfbD vfbD zfstsmv H W zbcv. kf hst jfsvf zH b. i[fsv iaskAj mcndtsmv jkGhA zdLjfvDv zdLjfv ndEjvsi zflfq jvf. tfmfv pKfKG jlv jvf. iaskAj rj-nfbDv zbcv rWqf; pdlW hf k]fslv sjfb sjfb zdHmk zfmfv-zfibfv hcsUv zbcjCt bq. htf hftA, J]fde snfbf BGjfv dybsk ifsv; BG-hAhnfqD bq. `bfmfp' ntfsmv iaLfb hflk. `bfmfp' wde IfvnD, lGc, drlD W zfmfslv hfQtf HfNfq zfvhD `nftfk' zsKG idviCBGvsi hAhrk hst zfdm `nftfk'-v fsb `bfmfp' hAhrfv jsvdY. kfYfVf hfQtfHfNDv zdLjfQw mfbcN `nftfk' wdev nfsK idvdyk bq. kf idvdyk W iadn w hAhrfv jvsk zfdm iaqfn sisqdY. zfv sk wvqD sjfb hfLfW sb. nckvfQ dhNsq ncrl ifEsjv jfsY zfmfv udkrflD SjdIqk siw jsv nclxd zfjNGB jvdY. iasqfusbv kfjDsl pf djYc dtdJ, nh zffrv nd tfsHv zfwfq. zffr spb kf zfmfsj lfb jsvb hQ jft djqfmsk v znDtfq zfmfsj, zfmfv wasq dikf-mfkf W WfpoBsj, zfv h-v slAff, iajfwj W njt zfmtjfvD ifEjsj k]fv smrmfb-Jfbf shsrs fb slb. zfmDb.

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10

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11

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Abubakar Md. ZakariaHighlight


12

bbffmmffssppvv mmffrrffkkAA

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1# "01TX15#1"01TX15#1"01TX15#1"01TX15 zKGf{, kcdm skfmfv iadk iakAfdloaifE jvhQ pKfpKHfsh bfmfp iV. dbyq bfmfp zwDt W ml jfu rsk dhvk vfsJ. zfv zhwA zffrv dpjXv (nvB) nhGswa. (jc} 29/45) bfmfp mcdmsbv y[csj wDkt jsv, kfv pfhkDq sYfe sYfe sofbfr hf tOc W iifisj smfyb jsv slq. rpvk zfhc vfvf hstb, zfdm zffrv vnCt sj htsk wcsbdY, dkdb hstsYb, dj zdHmk skfmfslv, pdl skfmfslv jfsvf lvufv nfmsb jde blD Kfsj hQ sn blDsk sn iakAr i]fyhfv sofnt jsv, kfv wvDsv sjfb mqtf zhdw Kfjsh dj? njst htt, `bf, kfv wvDsv sjfb mqtf zhdw Kfjsh bf.' dkdb htstb, zbcvi i]fy Wqf bfmfspv imf. bfmfpnmCsrv Ist (bfmfpDv) nm sofbfrsj zffr smfyb jsv slb. (hcJfvD 528bQ, mcndtm 667bQ, dkvdmpD, bfnf) zffrv vnCt hstb, jfhDvfr sofbfr bf jvst i]fy Wqf bfmfp, j ucmzfr sKsj ziv ucmzfr -v mLAhkGDjfst nQOdek ifinmCsrv jfIIfvf (iafqdy). (mcndtm 233bQ, dkvdmpD, iamcJ) rpvk zfhc nmfb hstb, jlf jde ofsYv dbsy zfdm nftmfb v nfsK (hsn) dYtfm. dkdb ofsYv jde wcj Fft Lsv drdtsq dlstb. sk Ffstv nm ifkfocdt UsV sot. zk}iv dkdb htstb, `sr zfhc nmfb! kcdm zfmfsj dufnf jvsh bf dj sp, sjb zfdm vi jvtfm?' zfdm httfm, `sjb jvstb?' dkdb htstb, `jlf zfdmW zffrv vnCt v nfsK ofsYv dbsy dYtfm. dkdb zfmfv nfmsb zbcvi jvstb; ofsYv jde wcj Fft Lsv drdtsq dlstb. sk kfv nm ifkf Jsn iVt. zk}iv htstb, sr nftmfb! kcdm zfmfsj dufnf jvsh bf dj sp, sjb zfdm vi jvtfm? zfdm httfm, sjb jvstb? dkdb sv htstb, mcndtm pJb nclvHfsh Wpc jsv i]fy Wqf bfmfp isV kJb kfv ifivfdw dEj Hfsh Usv pfq spHfsh ifkfocstf Usv sot. zfv dkdb zfqfk ifE jvstb,

->0n?1o">@0>0n?1o">@0-d0S>0n?1o">@0-d0S>0n?1o">@0-d0S3D40F O:."BIX3#.> BpD3D4L0F O:."BIX3#.> BpD3D4L0F O:."BIX3#.> BpD3D4L0F O:."BIX3#.> BpDLd0SX>301G1301


13

(nCvf rCl 114 zfqfk) (zfrml, bfnf, kfhfvfbD, nrDr kfvoDh 356bQ) mrfbhD hstb, hflf pJb bfmfsp l]fVfq, kJb kfv sn kfv nm sofbfrsj dbsq kfv mfKfq W lc j]fsL vfJf rq. zk}iv sn pJb vjC W dnulf jsv, kJb jde jde jsv nm sofbfrdt Usv isV pfq. (hfrfjD, n}uf} 1671bQ)

bbffmmffssppvv vvkk bfmfp W kfv vskv jKf jcvzfb mfuDslv h ufqofsk zfstfdyk rsqsY. sjfKfW bfmfp jfsqm jvfv zfslw dlsq, sjfKfW bfmfpDv iawQnf W iadklfb hQ shbfmfpDv dblf W wfd hBGbf jsv, zffr kfzftf bfmfspv iadk hV vk zfsvfi jsvsYb. j fsb dkdb hstb,

03D)TS?V0q?


14

nckvfQ sp hAdkf pKfKGvsi zflfq jvsh hQ kfsk vk dlsq kfv djYcW dhbjvsh bf, sn hAdv ubA zffrv iadkwadk zfsY sp, dkdb kfsj uffsk iashw jvfshb. zfv sp hAdkf zflfq jvsh bf, sn hAdv ubA zffrv sjfb iadkwadk sb. dkdb Yf jvst kfsj wfd slshb, bsy{ Yf rst uffskW dlsk ifsvb. (mf}, zflf}, bf}, dr}, nkf} 363 bQ) iCshGfzfqfk W rflDsnv dHdsk hV hV h tfmfoB hstsYb sp, shbfmfpD jfsIv. sjfb mcndtm (bfmfpD) bfvDv nfsK kfv dhhfr rsk ifsv bf, kfv phfjxk iwcv mfQn rftft rq bf, sn mfvf sost kfv ufbfpf iVf rsh bf, mcndtm (bfmfpD) sYstvf kfv Wqfdvn rsh bf hf snW bfmfpD hfsiv Wqfdvn rsh bf hQ kfsj mcndtmslv jhvfsb lfIb jvf rsh bf---kAfdl. zhwA swsNfrflDnhQ zbcvi zbAfbA rflDsnv dHdsk zbAfbA zfstmoB hstb sp, `shbfmfpD jfsIv bq, ksh bfmfp kAfo jvf jfsIsvv jfu hse.' (hsb hfp, hsb nfmDb W zfthfbDv Iskfqf hA) pfhf srfj zfqfk W rflDnnmCsr bfmfspv dhvfevk i.bfmfp rtDsbv J]cde. (ndk} 2110, nmf} 3973 bQ) Dsbv i]fyde hcdbqfslv msLAef rt dkDq hcdbqfl. (hc}, mc}, dm} 4bQ) kf skf diaq bhD uDhsbv swN mcrCskG mvB-wpAfq wfdqk zhfskW bfmfspv ubA hAdkhA dYstb. sjfstv iCshG swN islsw dkdb bfmfspv vk nsmksj nsykb jsv sostb. htstb,bfmfp! bfmfp! zfvDklfn-lfnD (v hAfifsv skfmvf nkjG sKsjf.) (nuf} 3873 bQ) nfhftj rst mcndtsmv iv bfmfp Ivp rq. khcW zHA jvfv sswA zffrv bhD hstb, skfmvf skfmfslv sYst-smsqslvsj kfslv hqn 7 hYv rst bfmfspv zfslw lfW. 10 hYv hqsn bfmfsp zHAfnD bf rst kfslvsj iarfv jv. zfv kfslv iaskAsjv dhYfbf ixKj jsv lfW. (zflf}, dm} 572bQ) nh zsv bfmfp bq, sjhtmfj zsv zfnsvv bfmfp Ycse sost hf bf iVf rst kfv [dkv idvmfB hcUfsk diaqbhD hstb, sp hAd zfnsvv bfmfp kAfo jsv, sn hAdv zfmt i rsq pfq. (hcJfvD 553, bfnf) dkdb zfsvf hstb, sp hAdv zfnsvv bfmfp Ycse sot, kfv spb idvhfv W Lb-mft tcb rsq sot. (mfstj, hcJfvD 552, mcndtm 626 bQ iamcJ) mrfb zffr hstb,

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Abubakar Md. ZakariaHighlight , ? ,


15

zKGf{, nckvfQ lcsHGfo sn njt bfmfpDslv, pfvf kfslv bfmfp nslfnDb. pfvf stfj slJfsbfvsswA bfmfp isV. (jc} 107/4-6) htf hftA, bfmfpD rsqW bfmfsp ofItdk jvfv jfvsB pdl slfpsJv lcsHGfo sHfo jvsk rq, kfrst shbfmfpD rsq jk hV lcsHGfo sHfo jvsk rsh kf zbcsmq. mvsBv ivifsv mLAuosk bfmfsp lfnDb W SwdKtAjfvD hAdv mfKfq djqfmk zhdL ifKv Ecsj Ecsj mfvf rsh. (hc} 1143bQ) bfmfp zffr W hflfv mfsU nisjGv j snkch.djqfmskv dlb hflfv dbje sKsj nhGfsoa sp zfmstv drnfh sbWqf rsh kf rt bfmfp. nckvfQ kf ndEj rsq Kfjst kfv zbAfbA zfmtW ndEj hst dhshdyk rsh. bsy{ zbAfbA njt zfmt dbIt W hAKG rsh. (kfh}, nkf} 369bQ) bfmfp k vkiCBG sp, kfv wkGfhtD hkGmfb Kfjf jfst kf (bfhftj dwwc, ifot W kcmkD mdrtf YfVf) jfsvf ubA sjfb zhfsk mfI bq. mb dj pcsv mqlfsb iafBrf v-diifnc wlstv nfmsbW bq! (jc} 4/102) znczhfq JfVf rsq bf ifvst hsn, hsn bf ifvst jf{ rsq wcsqW bfmfp iVsk rsh. (hc}, dm} 1248 bQ) wfvf-dsk vcjc-dnulf bf jvsk ifvst msb msb dbqskW bfmfp iVsk rsh. syf nsW idhKfjskz[m rstWzhfsk bfmfp Ivp. (hsb nfmDb, jfIf qAfkfkfrXrfvt mfvDpc zqcAnfD hA)

iiddhhkkff bfmfp jhct rWqfv ubA spvi dhwcmfbhQ rlqsj dwjDG W jcIvD LfvBf W dhwfn sKsj idhvfJf uvvD wkG, ki bfmfpDv hfdrAj slr W sifwfj-zfwfjsj idhvfJfWj uvvD wkG. spsrkc bfmfspv yfdhjfdE rt idhkf. (zflf}, dk}, lf}, dm} 312 bQ) kfYfVf idhkf rt zsLGjmfb. (mc}, dm} 281bQ) (dhswN jsv ifdb fvf zduGk) idhkfq hxdrq msbfspfo, lCv rq zftnA, kf W dbf, ICdkGv nfsK hflsk mb hsn zdLj. mpD hf mtmCsKsj idhkf zuGsbv ubA ifdb hf (psK ifdb bf ifWqf sost) mfdev sTtf hAhrfv jsv kf lCv jvfhQ Wpc jvf psK.zhwA sjfb iajfsvv SmKcbfvf hfsi zKhf spZbdyfq subf W kxdv nfsK hDpGifk jvst hf rst sofnt Ivp. spmb nsm spfbDisK dtfoa iashw jdvsq hDpGifk bf jvstW sofnt Ivp. (hc}, mc}, dm} 430bQ) zbcvi mdrtfslv mfdnj W sbIfn sKsj idhrWqfv ubAW sofnt Ivp. Wpc W sofnstv ubA hAhrfpG ifdbW idhkKf idhjfvD rWqf uvvD. nfLfvBk} icjcv, blD, bftf, nmc, iaHxdkv ifdb idhW idhjfvD. sp ifdbsk idhsjfb


16

dudbn -spmb zfef, nfhfb, ufIvfbkAfdl dmdwak rq, sn ifdbv vQ, ohffl idvhkGb bf rst kfsk Wpc-sofnt ytsh. ifdbsk sjfb zidhdudbn isV pfWqfv Ist zKhf zbA sjfb jfvsB pdl kfv vQ,fl hf oidvhkGb rsq pfq, kfrst kf bfifj oBA rsh. idvhkGb bf rstW pdl ifdb 2 jcfr (iafq 270 dtefv, mkfsv 191 sKsj 200 sjdu) v sysq jm rq, kfrstW kf bfifj. v shwD rst sn ifdb ifj. kfsk Wpc-sofnt ytsh. (zf}, zflf}, dk}, bf}, mf}, lf}, dm} 477bQ) sp ifdb jhfv Wpc-sofnst hAhrfv rsqsY, sn ifdb ifj. djkfsk zfv Wpc-sofnt rsh bf. mfbcN, ofLf, Jyv, ifJD, rftft iwc, dhVft iaHxdkv ]sef ifdb ifj; kfsk Wpc-sofnt ytsh. zhwA wCjv W jcjcsvv ]sef ifdb bfifj. (dhfdvk hA dInc} lGc 33-37ix})

ssooffnntt jjvvffvv ddbbqqmm

bfifjDv sofnt jvsk rst sofnstv dbqk jsv mcndtm iaKsm 3 hfv lc rfk jd ipG Lcsh. zk}iv hfm rfskv iv ifdb sTst slsrv bfifjD Lcsq sItsh. kfviv hfm rfksj mfde zKhf nfhfb fvf Lcsq bfmfspv ubA Wpc jvfv mk iCBG Wpc jvsh. zhwA sofnstv ufqof idvjfv bf rst if lcde sofnt swsN Lcsq sbsh. Wpcv iv 3 hfv mfKfq ifdb sTst Hft jsv yctstf sLfsh, pfsk nm ycstv sofVfq sofVfq ifdb si]ZsY pfq. kfviv nfvf slsr 3 hfv ifdb sTst Hftvsi Lcsq sbsh. (hc}, mc}, dm} 435-436 bQ) mdrtfslv sofntW icvNslv zbcvi. zhwA mdrtfv mfKfv ycst shBD h]fLf (ycde o]fKf) Kfjst kf sJftf uvvD bq. ksh 3 hfv ifdb dbsq ycstv sofVf zhwA Lcsq dbsk rsh. (hc}, dm} 438bQ) bsJ bJifdtw hf sjfb iajfv icv sieX Kfjst kf kcst bf sItf ipG sofnt rsh bf. i[fsv smsrlD hf zftkf stso Kfjf zhfq sofnt rsq pfsh. jifst dei (?) Kfjst YfdVsq sIst (jift) Lcsk rsh. bsy{ sofnt rsh bf. hDpGifk hf nm-udbk bfifjD W mfdnsjv sofnt, zKhf mfdnj Wl, zKhf hDpGifk hf nm-udbk bfifjD W ucmzf hfslv sofnt dbqk rstjhfv psK.ixKj ixKj sofnstv lvjfv sb. (dInc} lcGc 60ix} }) sofnstv iv bfmfspv ubA zfv ixKj Wpcv iasqfub sb. sofnstv iv Wpc Hffv sjfb jfu bf jvst sofnstv Wpcsk bfmfp rsq pfsh. (zflf}, dk}, bf}, mf}, dm} 445bQ) svfo-udbk jfvsB pdl jfsvf tfofkfv hDpG, mpD, nafh hf drfpfv Jcb Usv ksh kfv ubA sofnt Ivp bq; iaskAj bfmfspv ubA Wpc psK. njt zhfq bfmfp mfI bq. (zflf}, dk}, dm} 560-561 bQ) iajfw sp, sofnt, Wpc hf zbAfbA jsmGv nmq dbqk zfvhDsk hf dbu HfNfq mcsJ


17

yfvB jvf dhlzfk. nkjGkfv dhNq sp, bfifjD lCv jvfv ubA sjht of-sLfqf hf of Fcdhsq sbWqf psKbq. iCshG Wpc jsv pKfdbqsm sofnt jvst ksh iCBG sofnt rq. bsy{ zsbsjv msk jcd bf jvst hQ bfsj ifdb bf dbst sofnt wcrsh bf. (mcm} 1/304)

WWppcc WW kkffvv vvkk

mrfb zffr hstb, n0>ST)TIS .y?SdST)TIS .y?Sd03 #7Tn0>03 #7Tn0>03 #7Tn0> zKGf{, sr mfblfvoB! pJb skfmvf bfmfspv ubA iak rsh kJb skfmvf skfmfslv mcJmt W rfk jbc ipG sLZk jvsh hQ skfmfslv mfKf mfnfr jvsh. zfv if lc'desj o]fe ipG sLZk jvsh. (jc} 5/6) nckvfQ hV bfifjD bf Kfjfv Ist sofnstv lvjfv bf rstW bfmfspv ubA sYfe bfifjD sKsj idhkf zuGsbvsswA Wpc Ivp.hAfifsv mrfbhD W hstb,Wpc brsq sost icbvfq Wpc bf jvf ipG zffr jfsvf bfmfp jhct jsvb bf. (hc}, mc} dm} 300bQ) Wpcv mfrfkA W IpDtk iansjfdLj rflDn hdBGk rsqsY. j rflDsn dkdb hstb, djqfmskv dlb zfmfv mksj zfrfb jvf rsh; zfv sn nmq Wpcv Ist kfslv mcJmt W rfk-if lDdmq Kfjsh. (hc} 136, mc} 246bQ) zbA j rflDsn dkdb hstb, Wpcv ifdb pCv si]ZYsh kCv mc'dmsbv zsztfv (suAfdk) swfHmfb rsh. (mc} 250bQ) dkdb zfsvf hstb, mcndtm hf mcdmb hflf pJb Wpcv sswA kfv mcJmt sLZk jsv kJb Wpcv ifdbv nfsK zKhf ifdbv swN dhlcv nfsK iaskAj sn sofbfr shv rsq pfq pf sn lc y[cv lxdv mfLAsm jsv sIstdYt. zk}iv pJb sn kfv rfk lcdesj sLZk jsv kJb ifdbv nfsK zKhf ifdbv swN dhlcv nfsK iaskAj sn sofbfr shv rsq pfq pf sn Hq rfsk LfvB jvfv mfLAsm jsv sIstdYt. zk}iv pJb sn kfv if lcdesj sLZk jsv kJb ifdbv nfsK zKhf ifdbv swN dhlcv nfsK iaskAj sn sofbfr shv rsq pfq pf sn kfv lcifsq ytfv mfLAsm jsv sIstdYt. swN zhdL nm sofbfr sKsj sn idh rsq shv rsq zfsn. (mfstj, mcndtm 244bQ, dkvdmpD)


18

WWppcc jjvvffvv ddbbqqmm

1- bfmfpD iaKsm msb msb Wpcv dbqk jvsh. jfvB dbqk YfVf sjfb jmG wcrq bf. (hc}, mc}, dm} 1bQ) 2- `dhndmfr' hst Wpc wcv jvsh. jfvB wcvsk kf bf htst Wpc rq bf. (nzflf} 92bQ) 3- dkbhfv lc rfk jd ipG Lcsq sbsh. rfsk OdV, ycdV, zfQde iaHxdk Kfjst kf drdtsq kfv kst ifdb si]ZYfsh. zfct dlsq zfcstv I]fjstf sJtft jvsh. (zflf}, dk}, mf}, dm} 407bQ) viv ifdbv ifsrfk Fcdhsq ifdb dbsk ifsv. (hc}, mc} 394bQ) iajfw sp, bsJ bJifdtw hf sjfb iajfv icv sieX Kfjst kf kcst bf sItf ipG Wpc rsh bf. i[fsv smsrlD hf zftkf stso Kfjf zhfq Wpc-sofnt rsq pfsh. 4- kfviv Ffb rfsk ifdb dbsq 3 hfv jcd jvsh. 5-zk}iv ifdb dbsq bfsjv sofVfq tfdosq sesb dbsq hfm rfk fvf bfj UfVsh.vi 3 hfv jvsh. ksh svfpf zhfq Kfjst nfhLfsb bfsj ifdb efbsh, pfsk otfv dbsy ifdb bf yst pfq. (dk}, bf}, nbf} 89, dm} 405, 410bQ) zhwA j stfe ifdbsk j nfsK zsLGj dlsq jcd jsv hfdj zsLGj dlsq bfj UfVstW yst. (hc}, mc}, dm} 394bQ) 6- zk}iv mcJmt (j jfb sKsj ziv jfsbv mLAhkGD hQ jifstv ycstv sofVf sKsj lfdVv dbsyv zQw ipG z) 3hfv ifdb tfdosq lc rfk fvf sLZk jvsh. (hc} 140bQ) j stfe ifdb lfdVv mfsU dlsq lfdVv I]fsj I]fsj zfct yfdtsq kf sJtft jvsh. (zflf}, dm} 408bQ) mdrtfslv jifst dei (?) Kfjst YfdVsq sIst (jift) Lcsk rsh. bsy{ Wpc rsh bf. 7- zk}iv iaKsm Ffb rfk zfcstv Fof sKsj jbc ipG hQ klbcvi hfm rfk 3 hfv (iaskAj hfsv icsvf rfsk ifdb dIdvsq vosV) sLZk jvsh. 8- zk}iv jhfv mfKf mfnfr jvsh; bkcb ifdb fvf lc rfksj dHdusq zfctdtsj mcsJfmcdJ jsv mfKfv nfmsbv dlj (spJfb sKsj yct oufsbf wcv rsqsY snJfb) sKsj diYb dlj (olGfsbv spJfsb yct swN rsqsY snJfb) ipG iwG jsv icbvfq nfmsbv dlsj dbsq sn wcvv ufqof ipG iCBG mfKf mfnfr jvsh. (hc}, mc}, dm} 394bQ) mfKfq ifodV Kfjst kfv isvW mfnfr jvsh. (mc}, dm} 399bQ) 9- zk}iv zfv bkcb ifdb bf dbsq rfsk lc jfb mfnfr jvsh; wfrflskv (kuGbD) lc zfctfvf lc jfsbv dHkv dlj hQ lc hcsVf zfctfvf lc jfsbv diE W hfdrv dlj mfnfr jvsh. (nzflf} 99, 125bQ) iajfw sp, olGfb mfnfr jvf dhsLq bq. hvQ ef dhlzfk. 10- zk}iv iaKsm Ffb if W isv hfm if o]fe ipG 3 hfv jsv vosV sLfsh. jsV


19

zfctfvf ifsqv zfcstv I]fjstf sJtft jsv vosV sLZk jvsh. (zflf}, dk}, mf}, dm} 407bQ) diaq bhD hstb, iCBGfvsi Wpc jv, zfcstv I]fjstf sJtft jv zfv svfpf bf Kfjst bfsj Jch Hftvsi ifdb yVfW. (kfviv kf sUsV sIst mvsi bfj nfI jv.) (zflf}, dk}, bf}, mf}, lf}, dm} 405-406 bQ) 11- viv rfsk ifdb dbsq jfisVv iv sKsj wvmofsr dYdesq slsh. dhswN jsv siwfh jvfv iv Wpc jvst zfmt zdLjvsi hAhrfpG. spsrkc siwfh jsv kfrfvskv iv lc-j jfkvf siwfh shv rWqfv znznf Kfsj. nckvfQ ifdb dYdesq dlst znznf lCv rsq pfq. (nzflf} 152-154, nmf} 374-376bQ) zfmt sJfl duhvft mrfbhD sj dw[f dlsqsYb. (mf}, lf}, rf}, hf}, zf}, dnn} 841bQ)

WWppccvv sswwssNN llcczzff

diaq bhD hstb, skfmfslv msLA sp sj idviCBGvsi Wpc jvfv iv (dbsbv dpjXv) isV kfv ubA uffskv zfede fv mc jvf rq; sp fv dlsq Yf sn iashw jvsk ifsv. 9E>4:>([+#(8)@29L012M8)N5OM0>90>OM)@29E>4:>([+#(8)@29L012M8)N5OM0>90>OM)@29E>4:>([+#(8)@29L012M8)N5OM0>90>OM)@29E>4:>([+#(8)@29L012M8)N5OM0>90>OM)@2KKKK

zfwrflc zft tf tf-rf ff- zrlf tf wfvDjf tf z zfwrflc zff mcrfmflfb zfc zvfnCtcr. zKGf{, zfdm nf[A dldY sp, zffr hAkDk sjfb nkA ifnA sb. dkdb jj k]fv sjfb zQwD sb. zfsvf nf[A dldY sp, mcrfmfl k]fv hflf W vnCt. (mcndtm 234bQ, zfhc lfl, hsb mfufr) dkvdmpDv hBGbfq lczfv swsN dbsmv zQwdeW pczfsY}-

7"43301D@k >$ 3 >$ 3 >$ 3 >$ 3


20

jmf nkA ifnA. zfdm skfmfv dbje [mf iafKGbf jvdY W skfmfv dlsj iakAfhkGb (kWhf) jvdY. (kf}, nkf} 218bQ, o} 1/135, 3/94) YfVf iaskAj zsLfqfv nmq dbdlGlczf zKhf swsN`f zfbpftbf' ifE dhlzfk.

WWppccvv zzffbbccNNddjj mmffnnffssqqtt Wpcv zstfsj jmis[ 1 hfv jsv sLfqf uvvD. 2 hfv jsv LcstW yst. ksh 3 hfv jsv sLfqf m.v isv zffrv vnCt kKf nfrfhfsq sjvfsmv zfmt shwD. djdkbhfsvv zdLj sLfqf zdkvb, hfVfhfdV W nDmftQOb jvf. (zflf}, bf}, mf}, dm} 417-418 bQ) Wpcv sjfb z2hfvhQ sjfb z3hfv sLfqf lCNBDq bq. (n}zflf} 109, n}dk} 43bQ) sufVf zdtv Ffb zsj zfso sLfqf vnCtv dbslGw. (zf}, zflf}, mf}, dm} 401bQ) dkdb Wpc, sofnt, mfKf z]fyVfsbf, ucskf ivf iaHxdk njt jfsuv nmq Ffb sKsj wcv jvf iYl jvskb. (hc}, mc}, dm} 400bQ) Wpcv zstf -dhswN jsv rfk W if- vosV sLfqfm. vnCtvvi zfmt dYt. (nbf} 72, dm} 407bQ) znmCrmbHfsh Lcsk rsh pfsk sjfb nfmfbA ufqofW wcjsbf sKsj bf pfq. Wpcv zssjfb iajfv ifdbsvfLj h (spmb sieX, ycb, jcmjcm, ztfv, OdV, deikAfdl) Kfjst kf zhwA lCv jsv dbsk rsh. spsrkc zffrv bhD jlf jkj stfsjv wcj sofVfdt slsJ hstdYstb, sofVfdtstfv ubA slfpsJ LQn W nhGbfw vsqsY! skfmvf Hftvsi (njt zsj niCBGvsi) Lcsq Wpc jv. (mc}, dm} 398bQ) j hAdWpc jvfv iv mrfbhDv dbjeidk rst slJstb, kfv lc ifsq bJ idvmfB ufqof wcj vsqsY. dkdb kfsj htstb, kcdm dIsv dosq Hftvsi Wpc jsv n. (nzflf} 158bQ) j hAdsj dkdb slJstb bfmfp iVsY, zfv kfvj ifsqv disEj dlvrfm hvfhvfb wcj vsqsY, pfsk sn ifdb si]ZYfqdb. dkdb kfsj icbvfq Wpc jsv bkcbHfsh bfmfp iVsk zfslw dlstb. (nzflf} 161 bQ) Wpc jvfv nmq dbvhdYHfsh jefbf zstfsjipGfqsm sjv ivj Lcsk rsh. mfsU dhvdk slWqf ShL bq. nckvfQ sj mfKf hf jfb mfnfr bf jsv Hcst if Lcsq sItst hQ nkv msb iVst, sn mfnfr jsv icbvfq if sLfsh. h isv msb iVst icbvfq bkcb jsv Wpc jvsh. sj pdl Wpc wcv jvfv iv jfisV bfifjD slsJ hQ kf nfI jvsk jvsk iCshGjfv sLZk zwcdjsq pfq, kfrst kfsj icb} Wpc jvsk rsh. i[fsv pdl Wpc nidjGk sjfb dhNsq hA rsq dbvhdYkf sjse pfq, ksh kfsk sjfb [dk rq bf. spmb Wpc


21

jvsk jvsk rfsk hf Wpcv sjfb zssieX hf bJ-ifdtw hf ycb YfVfsk zKhf ifdb swN rsq sost icbvfq j]csqf hf jt sKsj ifdb kctsk djQhf eAfsv ifi Jctsk iaHxdk jfvsB Wpcsk nfmfbA dhvdk sn iCshGjfv sLfqf zwcdjsq pfq, kfrst icbvfq bkcbHfsh wcv jsv Wpc jvsk rsh bf. sp zsLfqf rsqdYt kfv iv sKsj hfjD znmCr Lcsq Wpc swN jvf pfsh. (mcm} 1/157) Wpc jvfv nmq h]fLfsbf l]fk sJftf hf sJtft jsv l]fskv I]fj sKsj stso Kfjf JflAfQw shv jvf uvvD bq. (I} 1/283, Im} 1/210) j ifrskfmD-DHsqjnfsK zKhfD zfso WfmD isv zKhf kfv dhivDkHfsh Wpc-sofnt jvfq sjfb [dk hf hfLf sb. zffrv vnCt kKf nfrfhfoB vi zfmt jsvsYb. (hc}, Ikt hfvD 1/357-358, mc}, dm} 440bQ) Effv jfvsB ovm ifdbsk Wpc-sofnt jvfq sjfb hfLf sb. rpvk mfv vi jvskb. (hc}, Ihf} 1/357-358) Wpc-sofnstv ubA idvdmk ifdb hAhrfv jvf jkGhA. zdLj ifdb Jvy jvf zdkvsbv ipGfqHc;zfv kf ShL bq. (zf} zflf}, mf}, dm} 418bQ) mrfbhD 1 mcX (jm-shwD 625 oafm) ifdbsk WpchQ 1 nf' sKsj 5 mcX (jm-shwD 2500 sKsj 3125 oafm) ifdbsk sofnt jvskb. (hc}, mc}, dm} 439bQ) nckvfQ p]fvf eAfsv ifdbsk Wpc-sofnt jsvb, k]fslvsj nkjG rWqfdyk. Wpcv Ivp zniCBG jfef Kfjst kfv hfjD zLcsk hf mfnfr jvsk rq bf. spmbjde rfk sofef hf jbc ipG zKhf jde if sofef hf o]fe ipG jfef Kfjst hfjD jde rfk hf if- Wpcv ubA Lcsk rsh. (I} 1/390) Wpcv swsN ifsv zhdwifdb sKsjj z]futf l]fdVsq ifb jvfv jKf rflDsn vsqsY. (hc} 5616, ndk} 44-45, nbf} 93bQ) Wpcv swsN Wpcv ifdb zsKsj jfiV dlsq mcsY sItf lCNBDq bq. mrfbhD Wpcv iv dbsuv ucfq dbsuv syrfvf mcsYsYb. (nmf} 379bQ) WpCv iv ifdb mcYfv ubA k]fv jde hJ dYt. (dk}, rf}, nuf} 4830bQ) Wpcv iv lc vfjzfk bfmfspv hV IpDtk vsqsY. zffrv vnCt hstb, sp sjfb hAd pJb nclvHfsh Wpc jsv ndhbsq jfoakfv nfsK (jfqmsbfhfsjA) lc vfjzfk bfmfp isV k[B kfv ubA uffk zhLfpG rsq pfq. (mcndtm 234bQ, zfhc lfl, bfnf, hsb mfufr) dkdb zfsvf hstb, sp hAd nclvHfsh Wpc jsv, sjfb Hct bf jsv ( jfoadys) lc vfjzfk bfmfp isV sn hAdv iCshGjfv nmClq sofbfr mfI rsq pfq. (zfhc lfl, nrDr kfvoDh 221bQ) Wpcv isv bfmfp iVfv Ist bhD shsrsk]fv zfso zfso rpvk dhtfstv ucskfv w wcsbdYstb. (hc}, mc}, nkf} 219bQ)


22

diaq bhD iaskAj bfmfspv ubA Wpc jvskb. ksh nfrfhfoB bf Hff ipG j Wpcsk jsqj zsv bfmfp iVskb. (zf}, hc} 214 bQ, zflf}, dk}, bf}, lf}, dm} 425bQ) zhwA mf dhusqv dlb bhDj Wpcsk i]fy Wqfsv bfmfp isVdYstb. (mc} 277, zflf} 172, mf} 510bQ) nhGlf Wpc zhfq KfjfhQ Wpc Hfst nfsK nfsK Wpc jsv sbWqfv IpDtk hdBGk rsqsY. mrfbhD hstb, skfmvf (iaskAj dhNsq) jkGhAdb vr; zfv kfsk jJb n[m rsh bf. susb svsJf, skfmfslv nhGswa zfmt bfmfp. zfv mcdmb hAkDk sj Wpcv drIfpk jvsh bf. (hsb mfufr, rfsjm, nrDr kfvoDh 190bQ) rpvk zfcfr dhb hcvflfr k]fv dikfv dbje rsk hBGbf jsv hstb, jlf iaHfkjfst zffrv vnCt rpvk dhtftsj sFsj htstb, sr dhtft! dj mb jfu jsv kcdm uffsk zfmfv zfso yst sost? zfdm ok vfs (si) uffsk iashw jvst skfmfv (uckfv) w zfmfv nfmsb sKsj wcbsk sitfm! dhtft htstb, `sr zffrv vnCt! zfdm pJb zfpfb dlsqdY kJb lc vfjzfk bfmfp isVdY. zfv pJb zfdm zidh rsqdY kJb zfdm nfsK nfsK Wpc jsv dbsqdY.' wcsb zffrv vnCt htstb, jfsuv ubA. (uffsk zfmfv zfso zfso skfmfv w wcbtfm.) (hsb Jcpfmfr, nrDr kfvoDh 194bQ)

ssvvffooDDvv iiddhhkkff WW WWppcc--ssooffnntt

svfoD rstW sofnt Wqfsuh rst sofnt hQ Wpcv lvjfv rst Wpc jvf uvvD. Eff ifdb hAhrfv jvfq [dkv zfwf rst svfoD ovm ifdb hAhrfv jvsh. ifdb hAhrfsvsjhfsv znmKG rst hf svfo-hxdzKhf zfsvfoA tfsH dhtsv zfwf rst kfqfmcm jvsh. svfoD dbsu Wpc hf kfqfmcm jvsk bf ifvst zbA sj jdvsq slsh. Wpcv sjfb zs[k KfjstW kf Lcsk rsh. zhwA ifdb tfost Of shsV pfsh mb zfwf Kfjst rfk dHdusq kfviv hcdtsq mfnfr jvsh. mfnfr jvfW [dkjfvj rstzsv idvhskG kfqfmcm jsv sbsh. [kfsb ide h]fLf hf ifefv jvf Kfjst zbAfbA zLcsq ideviv mfnfr jvsh. mfnfr jvst zfv kfqfmcsmv iasqfub sb. svfoDv ubAW slr, sthfn W bfmfp iVfv fsbv nhGiajfv idhkf uvvD. djzidhkf lCv jvsk bf ifvst sp zhfq Kfjsh sn zhfsk kfv bfmfp wcrsq pfsh. sjfb bfmfpsj kfv pKf nmq sKsj didYsq slWqf (spmb Iuvsj spfrsvv nmq ipG dhtjvf) svfoDv ubAW ShL bq. pKf nHh idhkf zuGb jsv zKhf (z[m rst) bf jsv bfmfspv pKf nmq zdkhfdrk rWqfv iCshG bfmfp zhwA isV sbsh.


23

bsy{ sofbfrofv rsh. (vfnft dIkX kfrfvfdk znX nftfk, hsb nfmDb 39-41ix}) sjhtmfmfKf Lcst zncJ rWqfv hf hfVfv Hq rst hfjD slr Lcsq mfKfq mfnfr jvsh. zhwA v nfsK kfqfmcmW jvsk rsh. (hsb hfp, I} 1/214) nhGlf ianafh Uvst zKhf hfkjmG rst zKhf mdrtfslv nflf nafh Uvst iaskAj bfmfspv ubA Wpc uvvD. (I} 1/287-291 }) bfmfspv nmq rst pdl jfisV bfifjD stso Kfsj, ksh bfmfpD kf hlst tffb Lcsq Wpc jvsh. bfmfspv nmq pfsk bfifjD zbAfbA zshf jfisV YdVsq bf isV kfv ubA wvmofsr dhswN jfiV, tAfe hf ide hAhrfv jvsh. sofnt jvst svfo-hxdrshhQ Wpc jvst [dk rsh bf hcUst kfqfmcm jsv Wpc jvsh.

WWppcc bbrrWWqqffvv jjffvvBBnnmmCCrr 1. siwfh W ifqJfbf fv rsk djYc (siwfh, ifqJfbf, hDpG, mpD, rfWqf, v,jxdm, ifKv iaHxdk) shv rst Wpc sHs pfq. (mcm} 1/220) klbcvi slsrv zbAfbA z sKsj(spmb zifsvwb jsv sie sKsj ifsiv mfLAsm) zidh(dhswN jsv siwfh-ifqJfbf) shv rstW Wpc brsq pfsh. (1/221) 2. pfsk sofnt Wqfsuh rq, kfsk WpcW brq. 3. sjfb iajfsv shw hf fbwCbA rst Wpc brq. 4. ofPHfsh Ocdmsq iVst Wpc Hfs.zffrv vnCt hstb, syfJ rt mtfsvv h]fLb. nckvfQ sp Ocdmsq pfq, sn spb Wpc jsv. (zf}, zflf}, mf}, dm} 316, nuf} 4149bQ) zhwA rff Ocm hf Tct (kf) st Wpc Hfsbf. nfrfhfsq sjvfm bhDv pcsowfv bfmfspv ubA k]fv zsi[f jvsk jvsk kfY rsq Tctskb. zk}iv dkdb st k]fvf bfmfp iVskb, djbkcb jsv zfv Wpc jvskb bf. (mc} 376bQ, zflf} 199-201bQ) 5. siwfh zKhf ifqJfbf-fv nvfndviwG jvst Wpc brq. (jfisVviv sKsj rfk dlst brq bf.) (nuf} 6554, 6555bQ) mrfbhD hstb, skfmfslv msLA sp hAddhbf ilGfq W zvfst dbsuv wvmofr iwG jsv, kfv iv Wpc Wqfsuh rsq pfq. (nuf} 362, dnn} 1235 bQ) rfskv jdv isvv zQw fvfiwG rst Wpc Hfsh bf. (mcm} 1/229) 6. sev sofX (jdtuf, Hc]dV) sJst Wpc sHspfq.j hAdmrfbhD sj dufnf jvt,`sev sofX sJst Wpc jvh dj?' dkdb htstb,rA]f,sev sofX sJst Wpc jsvf. (mc} 360bQ) dkdb hstb, sev sofX sJst skfmvf Wpc jsvf. (zf}, zflf}, dk}, mf}, nuf} 3006 bQ)


24

ppffsskk WWppcc bbrrqq bbff

1. bfvDslr iwG jvst Wpc Hfsbf. jfvB, mrfbhD vfsbfmfp iVskb, zfv mf zfsqwf (vf}) k]fv nmcsJ if smst wcsq Kfjskb. pJb dkdb dnulfq spskb, kJb k]fv ifsq iwG jsv if ndvsq dbsk htskb. sk dkdb dbsuv if lc'desj desq dbskb. (hc} 513, mc} 512bQ) dkdb rpvk zfsqwf (vf})sj ycb dlskb. kfviv Wpc bf jsv bfmfp iVsk shdvsq spskb. (zflf} 178-179 bQ, zf} 6/210, dl} 86, bf} 170, mf} 502bQ, lfvf} 1/138, hf} 1/125) zhwA iwG hf ycsb mpD shv rst kf Lcsq Wpc uvvD. (I}1/285-286) 2. srf-srf jsv rfnst; iansv rflDnde ltDstv spfoA bq. kf rfnst Wpc Hfsbf. (dInc} lGc 1/50-51, hc}, Ihf} 1/336) 3. hdm jvst; jlf bhD hdm jvst svfpf sHssItstb. kfviv dkdb Wpc jvstb. (zf} 6/449, dk}) rflDsn k]fv jsmGv iviv zhf hdBGk rsqsY. hdm jvstb hst Wpc sHsdosqdYt, kf dkdb Wpc jsvdYstb -kf iamfB rq bf. (o} 1/148, mcm} 1/224-225) 4. o]fsev dbsy jfiV Uctfst; o]fsev dbsy jfiV Uctfsbf jfhDvf sofbfr. djqfmsk zffr sn hAdv dlsj kfdjsqW slJshb bf, sp hAdkfv ivsbv jfiV ifsqv o]fsev dbsy ipG Ucdtsq isv. (hc} 5784, mc} 2085bQ) dj v Ist Wpc Hfsbf.j hAdvi jfiV Ucdtsq bfmfp iVst mrfbhD kfsj icbvfq Wpc jsv bfmfp iVsk jcm dlsqdYstb hst sp rflDn zfhC lfsl hdBGk rsqsY, kf pqDI hQ ltDstv spfoA bq. (p} zflf} 124, 884bQ) 5. bfj sKsj viVst;sk Wpc brq hst rflDnhsb mfufq hdBGk rsqsY, kf pqDI. (p} mf} 252, p}uf} 5426bQ) 6. slsrv sjfb zsjse viVst, l]fk sKsj vUvst, kDvdhrsq viVst; pf-kcv dvjf' pcsbhDidk dYstb. snJfsbj hAdkDvdhrsq vfrstW sn vjc dnulf jsv bfmfp ni jsvdYt. rfnfb hfnvD (v}) hstb, mcndtmvf pfh{ kfslv vf[k dbsq bfmfp isV zfnsY. rpvk hsb mfv jde Icnjcdv sost dlst kf sKsj vshv rt. djdkdb Wpc jvstb bf.hsb zfhD zfWIf vmfJf KcKc sItstb. zk}iv dkdb k]fv bfmfp ni jvstb. hsb mfv W rfnfb hstb, sj wxtfdosq hl-vshv jvst sjhtufqofef Lcsq sbsh.YfVf Wpc-sofnt sb. (hc} Ihf} 1/336) iCshGfkDvdhstfjde dYtjub zfbnfvD. kfv nDj mcrfsuvD kfv vfzhf slsJ htt, `nchrfbffr! (dkb dkbse kDv smsvsY?!) iaKm kDv mfvst kcdm


25

zfmfsj ufdosq lfWdb sjb?' zfbnfvD htt, `zfdm mb jde nCvf ifE jvdYtfm, pf niCBG bf jsv sYsV dlsk iYl jdvdb!' (zflf} 198bQ) 7. mclGf sofnt dlst; mrfbhD hstb, sp hAdmclGfsj sofnt slsh, sn spb dbsu sofnt jsv sbq. zfv sp hAdufbfpf hrb jvsh, sn spb Wpc jsv sbq. (zflf}, dk}, zf} 2/280 iaHxdk) dj dbslGwde mcfrfh. zKGf{ bf jvstW yst. ksh jvf m. jfvB, sofntlfkfv slsr bfifjD stso pfWqfv nslr Kfsj kf. kf skf zbA j hBGbfq zfsY; dkdb hstb, mclGfsj sofnt dlst skfmfslv ubA sofnt jvf uvvD bq. jfvB skfmfslv mclGf skf zfv bfifj bq. zkh skfmfslv rfk Lcsq sbWqf psK. (rf} 1/386, hf} 3/398) rpvk mfv hstb, `zfmvf mfsqAksj sofnt dlkfm. kfsk zfmfslv msLA sj sj sofnt jsv dbk. zfhfv zsbsj jvk bf.' (lfvf} 191bQ) zhwA mfsqAksj sofnt slWqfv nmq kfv wvmofsr rfk stso Kfjst Wpc zhwA brsh. zfv ufbfpf hrb jvfsk Wpc brq bf. (mh} 26/96) 8. mxkslsrv sifmseGm jvfskW Wpc Hfsbf.(27/40) 9. Wpc jsv mfsqvf pdl kfslv dwwcv siwfh hf ifqJfbf nfI jsv, ksh kf rfsk tfostW Wpc Hfsbf. zhwA ifqJfbffv hf siwfhfv sLfqfv nmq sjfbfsv rfk tfost Wpc brsq pfq.(22/62) 10. sjfbW bfifj h (mfbcN hf iwcv siwfh, ifqJfbf, viaHxdk)sk rfk hf if dlst Wpc Hfsbf.(35/96) 11. Wpc jvfv iv LCmifb jvst Wpc brq bf. ksh LCmifb jvf zhwA rfvfm. ( 18/92-93)

12. sjftb, sjfrt hf didve-dmdwak zfkv hf sneX hAhrfv jvst Wpcv sjfb [dk rq bf. ksh kf hAhrfv ShL bq. (I} 1/203) 13. yct, bJ kAfdl nfI jvst Wpc Hfsbf. (I} 1/292, hc} 1/336) klbcvi zwDt jKf htst, r]fecv iv jfiV sE st, mdrtfv mfKf sJftf sost, jfsj hf dbsusj tslJst Wpc brq bf. lcL ifb jvst bfmfspv iCshG jcd jvf mcfrfh. (hc} 211, mc} 358bQ)

sspp sspp jjffssuuvv uubbAA WWppcc uuvvvvDD hhff mmccffrrffhh bfmfp iVfv ubA, jcvzfb mfuDl (mcnrfI) iwG jvf hf rfsk sbWqfv ubA hQ jf'hf wvDsIv kWqfI jvfv ubA Wpc jvf uvvD. YfVf jcvzfb sktfzk, zffrv dpjXv, sktfzk W wcjXsvv dnulf, zfpfb, nfIf-mfvWqfv nf, dhdH sJfkhf ifE kAfdlv nmq Wpc jvf mcfrfh.


26

ssmmffuuffvv iivv mmffnnffrr yfmVf hf jfisVv (ncdk hf bftsbv) smfufv iv mfnfr h nQJAj rflDn fvf iamfdBk. nfrfhD ufvDv (vf}) (dpdb Wpcv zfqfk zhkDBG rWqfv iv ntfm oarB jsvb dkdb) hstb, `zfdm slsJdY, zffrv vnCt siwfh jvfv iv Wpc jvstb hQ dbsuv (yfmVfv) smfufv iv mfnfr jvstb.' (mc} 272bQ) mcoDvfr dhb swf'hfr jkGxj hdBGk, dkdb hstb, zffrv vnCt Wpcv iv (ncdkv) smfuf W ucskfv iv mfnfr jsvsYb. (zflf} 159, mf}, dk}, zf}, dm} 523bQ)

mmffnnffrrvv wwkkGGffhhttDD mfnfrv ubA 4de wkG vsqsY; 1- if Lcsq iCBGvsi Wpc jvfv iv smfuf ivsk rsh. iCshG Wpc bf jsv smfuf isv, kfviv kfv iv mfnfr ytsh bf. nfrfhD mcoDvfr hstb, zfdm bhD v nsj nIsv dYtfm. dkdb Wpc jvdYstb. zfdm k]fv smfuf lc'de Jcst dbsk U]cjtfm. dkdb htstb,YfsVf, zfdm W lc'desj Wpc zhfq isvdY. (hc} 206, mc} 274bQ) 2- smfuf lc'de spb idhrq. zKGf{, kfsk spb sjfb iajfsvv bfifjD stso bf Kfsj. 3- mfnfr spb sn idhkf zuGsbv nmq rq, pfv ubA sjht Wpc uvvD rq. jfvB, pfv ubA sofnt uvvD rq, sn idhkf zuGsbv nmq smfuf Jcst dlsq if sLfWqf uvvD. (dk}, bf}, zf}, Jc}, dm} 520bQ) 4- mfnfr spb dbLGfdvk nmsqv msLA rq. (IfkfWqf dIt mfndr zftft JcIXIfb, hsb nfmDb 3bQ)

mmffnnffrrvv nnmmqqjjfftt rpvk zftD jkGxj hdBGk, dkdb hstb, zffrv vnCt mcnfdIsvv ubA 3 dlb hQ oxrhfnDv ubA 1 dlb smfufv iv mfnfrv nmq-nDmf dbLGfdvk jsvsYb. (mc} 276) dbdlGnmq wcv rsh, Wpc jsv smfuf isv Wpc Hfst kfv isvv Wpc jvfv nmq kfviv mfnfr jvfv iv sKsj. zkh iaKm mfnfr sKsj 24 Oef oxrhfnDv ubA hQ 72 Oef mcnfdIsvv ubA mfnfr jvf ShL rsh. nckvfQ pdl sj mthfsvv Iusvv bfmfspv ubA Wpc jvfv nmq smfuf isv, kfvivWpcsk yfv zbfmfp isV pdl kfv Wpcwfv iv HfshQ hcLhfv Iusvv iCshG Wpc jvfv nmq mfnfr jsv, kfrst sn oxrhfnD rst iv dlb hxridkhfsvv Iuv ipG Wpc jvfv nmq smfufv iv mfnfr jvsk ifsv. zbcvi mcnfdIv rst wdbhfv Iuv ipG mfnfr jvsk ifvsh. (IfJc}, hsb nfmDb 8-9ix}, mh} 1/236)


27

mmffnnffrrvv ddbbqqmm lc'de rfksj dHdusq Ffb rfskv zfctdtsj Ffb ifsqv zfcstviv sKsj wcv jsv ifsqv ifkfv iv dlsj hcdtsq dbsq dosq ifsqv vtfv wcv ipG mfnfr jvsk rsh. zfv j nfsK j dbqsm hfm rfskv zfct dlsq hfm ifsqv ifkfviv mfnfr jvsh.Hq jfsbv mfnfr spmbj nsrq, dEj skmdb Hq ifsqv mfnfr j nsrsh. lc rfk ucsV iaKsm Ffb if, kfviv hfm if ixKj jsv mfnfr jvf dEj bq. (IfJc} 13bQ) ifsqv skstfsk Lcstf-hfdt KfjstW kfv dbsy mfnfr jvf dhsLq bq. rpvk zftD hstb, `Dsb pdl vfq W dhshsjvfb Kfjk, kfrst smfufvisvv zQw zsi[f dbsyv zQw zdLj mfnfrspfoA rk. djzfdm zffrv vnCt sj k]fv smfufv isvv zQsw mfnfr jvsk slsJdY.' (zflf}, lf}, zf}, dm} 525bQ)

mmffnnffrr bbrrqq ddjjssnn??

1- mfnfrv dbdlGnmq-nDmf zdkhfdrk rsq sost. 2- sofnt Ivp rst. 3- (mfnfr jvfv iv) smfuf Jcst sItst.

mmffnnffrrvv zzffbbccNNddjj mmffnnffssqqtt wDk-oaDm sp sjfb nmsq smfuf isv Kfjst kfv iv mfnfr ShL. smfuf ivf wDskv ubA rsk rsh, mb sjfb wkG sb. (I} 1/235) sjhfsv ifktf (pfsk if slJf pfq mb) smfuf rst kfsk mfnfr ytsh bf. ( 1/234) m W nkjGkfmCtj zfmt sp, Hq if sLfqf swN rst ksh smfuf ivf rsh. bsy{ Ffb if Lcsq smfuf isv dbsq kfviv hfm if sLfqf W smfuf ivf m bq. (1/233-234) smfuf ivfv nmq `v iv mfnfr jvh' hf `kdlb mfnfr jvh' mb sjfb dbqk wkG hf uvvD bq. (IfJc} 6bQ) Wpc jvfv iv smfuf ivst kfv iv mfnfr jvf pfq. kfqfmcm jvfv iv smfuf ivst (icbvfq ifdb sist W Wpc jvst sn nmq) mfnfr jvf pfq bf. i[fsv ifdb bf sist hQ Wpc bf jvst pkdlb kfqfmcm jvsh kkdlb ifsq smfuf Kfjsh. nmq smfufv iv mfnfr jvf hf smfuf Jcst sItf uvvD bq. spsrkc kfqfmcsmv nfsK


28

ifsqv sjfb nijG sb. (IfJc} 5bQ) sp nIsv bfmfspv jnv ShL, sn nIsv 3 dlb 3 vfk mfnfr ShL. ( 7bQ) Osv sKsj mfnfr wcv jvfv iv nIv jvst mcnfdIsvv mk 72 Oef mfnfr jvsk ifvf pfsh. zbcvi nIsv mfnfr wcv jsv Osv dIsv st oxrhfnDv mk sjht 24 Oef mfnfr jvf pfsh. ( 8bQ) mfnfrv dbLGfdvk nmqjft swN rsq pfWqfv iv mfnfr jsv bfmfp iVst bfmfp rq bf. ( 10bQ) Wpc jvfv iv smfuf isv Wpc bf Hffv iCshG pdl Jcst icbvfq isv sbWqf rq, kfrst kfskW mfnfr jvf ytsh. djjhfv mfnfr jvfv iv smfuf Jcst sItst kfviv icbvfq (Wpc KfjstW) ivfv iv zfv mfnfr ytsh bf. jfvB, sp Wpcsk if sLfWqf rq sjht sn Wpcv iv smfuf ivst kfv iv mfnfr jvf pfsh. ( 11bQ) smfufv iv mfnfr jvfv iv ucskf ivst hf Fht smfuf ivst zKhf Fht smfuf hf ucskfv iv mfnfr jvfv iv jde smfuf hf ucskf Jcst sItst Hq zhfsk mfnfr ShL. ksh mfnfrv nmqjft Lvsk rsh iaKm zhf sKsj.(12bQ) mdrtfvfW icvNslv mk mfnfr jvsh. ( 16bQ) smfuf bfdmsq if yctjfst hf ifKv zfdl shv jvst pdl zdLjfQw if shv rsq pfq, kfrst kfv iv zfv mfnfr ShL rsh bf. smfufv ktfq rfk Hvst hf nfmfbA if shv rsq sost mfnfrsk sjfb iaHfh iVsh bf. ( 17bQ) smfufv iv mfnfr jvfv iv smfuf Jcst sItst Wpc brsq pfq bf. ksh icbvfq (if bf Lcsq Wpc jsv) smfuf ivst kfviv mfnfr yst bf.(19bQ) Wpcv msLA pkef if sLfqf Ivp smfufsk kkef if- Tfjsk rsh; bsy{ mfnfr rsh bf - jKfv sjfb ltDt sb. zkh Ifef, jfef W sY]Vf smfufv isvW mfnfr ytsh. ( 4bQ) ksh pdl zdLjfQw if shdvsq Kfsj, kfrst sn jKf dH. Wpc bf jsv smfuf isv kfsk mfnfr jsv Wpc jvst bfmfp rq bf. spmb [kfsb mfnfr Hcst dosq Wpcjsv bfmfp iVstW bfmfp rq bf. (I} 1/232, mh} 5/298)

kkffqqffmmccmm kfqfmcsmv dbslGw sJfl zffr kfzftf dlsqsYb. dkdb hstb,

1-En+n{1


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nvt W nru Dsbv bhD hstb,njt mfbcN(mskv)iv zfmfslvsj 3de dhNsqv mfLAsm swak lfb jvf rsqsY; zfmfslv jfkfvsj jvf rsqsY dIdvfhsoGv jfkfsvv mk, nfvf ixdKhDsj zfmfslv ubA mndul jsv slWqf rsqsYhQ ifdb bf ifWqf sost mfdesj zfmfslv ubA idhkf zuGsbvijvB jvf rsqsY. (mc}, dm} 526bQ)

ssjjffbbXX ssjjffbbXX zzhhffqq kkffqqffmmccmm SShhLL?? 1. sjhfsv ifdb bf ifWqf sost zKhf ifb jvfv mk Kfjst hQ Wpc-sofnstv ubA psKifdb bf ifWqf sost. rpvk mvfb dhb nfb hstb, zfmvf bhD v nsj nIsv dYtfm.j nmq dkdb stfsjslv dbsq bfmfp iVstb. pJb dkdb bfmfp swN jvstb, kJb slJstbjde stfjjec nsv ixKj l]fdVsq zfsY. sn ufmfzfsk bfmfpW isVdb. dkdb kfsj htstb,dj jfvsB kcdmufmfzfsk bfmfp iVst bf?stfjde htt, `zfdm bfifsj zfdY, zfv ifdbW sb.' dkdb htstb, ifj mfde hAhrfv jv. skfmfv ubA kf psK. (hc}, mc} dm} 527bQ) dkdb zfsvf hstb, lw hYv pfh{ ifdb bf ifWqf sost mcndtsmv Wpcv ijvB rt ifj mfde. ifdb ifWqf sost sofnt jsv sbWqf dyk. zfv ef zhwA m. (zflf}, dk}, bf}, mf}, zf}, dm} 530bQ) zhwA zfsw-ifsw hf nDslv jfsvfdbje ifdb zfsY dj bf, kf zhwA slsJ dbsk rsh. pJb jf ifdb ifWqfv sjfb zfwf Kfjsh bf, kJb kfqfmcm jsv bfmfp iVsk rsh. 2. zncKfjst zKhf slsr sjfb iajfv [k hf Of KfjsthQ ifdb hAhrfsv kf shsV pfWqf hf ncrsk dhtrWqfv zfwf rst. rpvk ufshv hstb, jlf zfmvf sjfb nIsv shv rtfm. zfmfslv msLA j hAdv mfKfq ifKsvv zfOfk stso [k rsqdYt.viv kfvislfNW rt. sn nDslvsj dufnf jvt, `zfmfv ubA dj kfqfmcm ShL msb jv?' njst htt, `kcdm ifdb hAhrfv jvsk z[m bW. zkh skfmfv ubA zfmvf kfqfmcm ShL msb jdv bf.' kf wcsb stfjde sofnt jvt hQ v iadkdqfq sn mfvf sot. zk}iv zfmvf pJb bhD -v dbje dIsv tfm kJb k]fsj sn stfjefv Oebf Jcst httfm. kf wcsb dkdb htstb, Wvf Wsj smsv sItt, zffr Wslvsj LQn jvj! pdl Wvf ufbk bf, ksh susb sjb sbqdb? zkfv WNcL skf iaw. (n}zflf} 325, mf}, lfvf}, dm} 531bQ) 3. ifdb zdkdvEff rst hQ kfsk Wpc-sofnt jvfsk zncJ rsh hst lxP zfwf rst, ivifdb ovm jvfv ncspfo hf hAhf bf Kfjst kfqfmcm ShL. rpvk zfmXv dhb zfn hstb, pfkcn nftfdnt pc JnIsvj wDskv vfsk


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zfmfvislfN rt. zfmfv Hq rt sp, pdl sofnt jdv kfrst zfdm LQn rsq pfh. kf zfdm kfqfmcm jsv nDslvsj dbsq(mfm rsq) Iusvv bfmfp iVtfm. zfmfv nDvfjKf bhD -v dbjsesJ jvst dkdb htstb, sr zfmXv! kcdm bfifj zhfq skfmfv nDslvmfmdk jsvY? zfdm sofnt bf jvfv jfvB k]fsj httfm. zfsvf httfm sp, zffr kfzftfv hfBDW zfdm wcsbdY, dkdb hstb, skfmvf zfkrkAf jsvf bf. dbyq zffr skfmfslv iadk hV lqfwDt. (jc} 4/29) jKf wcsb dkdb rfnstb hQ zfv djYc htstb bf. (hc}, n}zflf} 323bQ, zf}, rf}, lfvf}, dr}) 4. ifdb hAhrfsv [dk bf rst hQ ifdb dbjehkGD sjfb ufqofq KfjstW kf zfbsk ufb, mft hf krfdbv zfwf rst, ifdb hAhrfv jvsk dosq nIsvv nDslv n-YfVf rWqfv Hq rst, hlD zhfq Kfjst zKhf (j]csqfkAfdl sKsj) ifdb skftfv sjfb hAhf bf Kfjst kfqfmcm jvf ShL. jfvB zhfstf ifdb bf ifWqfv mk zhf. 5. ifdb jfsY KfjstW kf Wpcv ubA hAhrfv jvst ifb jvf, vff jvf kAfdl rsh bf zfwfrstW kfqfmcm ShL. (mcobD, dInc} lGc 1/61-62)

ddjjssnn kkffqqffmmccmm rrsshh?? idhmfdehQ kfv swaBDHcnjt h(spmb, ifKv, hfdt, j]fjv, dnsme iaHxdk) fvf kfqfmcm wc.Lctfpcmfde bf ifWqf sost LctfrDb ifKv hf hfdtsk kfqfmcm ShL rsh. (I} 1/218)

kkffqqffmmccmm jjvvffvv iiddkk wckm rflDn zbcnfsv kfqfmcm jvfv idk dbmvi}- (dbqk jvfv iv `dhndmfr' hst) lc rfskv sysef mfdev iv mfvsk rsh. kfviv kcst dbsq kfv iv I]cj dlsq zdkdvLcstfhfdtdVsq dlsqHq rfkfvf mcJmt mfnfr jvsk rsh. viv hfm rfk fvf Ffb rfk jd ipG hQ swsN Ffb rfk fvf hfm rfk jd ipG mfnfr jvsk rsh. (hc}, mc}, dm} 528bQ)

kkffqqffmmccmm ddjjssnn bbrrqq?? sp sp jfvsB Wpc brq, dEj sn sn jfvsB kfqfmcmW brsq pfq. jfvB kfqfmcm rt Wpcv dhji. YfVf sp zncdhLfv jfvsB kfqfmcm jvf rsqdYt, sn zncdhLf lCv rsq sost kfqfmcm brsq pfq. spmb ifdb bf ifWqfv jfvsB kfqfmcm jvst ifdb ifWqfv nfsK nfsK kfqfmcm swN rsq pfq. zncsJv jfvsB jvst, zncJ lCv rsq pfWqfv iv iv zfv kfqfmcm Kfsj bf. (dInc} lGc 1/63)


31

kkffqqffmmccssmmvv zzffbbccNNddjj mmffnnffssqqtt sJ]fufv iv ifdb bf ifWqf sost zfWqft zs kfqfmcm jsv bfmfp iVf dyk. swN zipG ifdbv zsi[f jvf hf ifdb sJ]fuf uvvD bq. zfWqft zsbfmfp isV swN zsifdb ifWqf sostW bfmfp icbvfq iVsk rsh bf. (dn}n} 6/265-268) ifdb sJ]fufJ]cdu bf jsv kfqfmcm jsv bfmfp iVst hQ ifdb kfv zfsw-ifsw mucl Kfjst bfmfp hfdkt oBA rsh. (I} 1/220) rpvk zfhC nfl JclvD hstb, lc hAdnIsv shv rt. bfmfspv nmq rst kfslv dbje ifdb bf Kfjfv jfvsB kfqfmcm jsv Hsq bfmfp isV dbt. zk}iv WqfswN rWqfv iCshG kfvf ifdb sisq sot. Wslv msLA jub ifdb fvf Wpc jsv icbvfqbfmfp dIdvsq iVt. djziv ub iVt bf. kfviv kfvf zffrv vnCt v dbje st Oebf Jcst htt. dkdb sp bfmfp dIdvsq isVdb kfv sswA htstb,skfmfv zfmt ncfrv zbcnfvD rsqsY hQ skfmfv bfmfpW psK(wc)rsq sosY.zfv sp Wpc jsv bfmfp dIdvsq isVdYt, kfvsswA dkdb htstb,skfmfv ubA Fht nWqfh. (zflf}, bf}, lf}, dm} 533bQ) iajfw sp, ncfr ufbfv iv Fht jsv bfmfp ShL bq. (mcm} 1/344) i[fsv sp hAdbfmfp iVf zhfq ifdb sisq pfq, kfsj bfmfp sYsV dlsq Wpc jsv icbvfq bfmfp iVsk rsh. (dInc} lGc 1/63, mcm} 1/343) Wpc W sofnstv iv sp jfu jvf ShL, kfqfmcsmv ivW sn jfu jvf ShL rq. spsrkc kfqfmcm Wpc-sofnstv idvhkG. () ifdb hf mfde djYc bf ifWqf sost dhbf Wpc W kfqfmcsm bfmfp iVsk rsh. (hc} 336bQ) Osv KfjstW sJ]fufJ]cduv iv ifdb bf ifWqf sost hQ bfmfspv nmq zdkhfdrk rWqfv zfwf rst kfqfmcm jsv bfmfp iVsk rsh. (hc}, Ihf} 1/525-526) i[fsv ifdb mucl Kfjst bfmfspv WqfXyst pfWqfv zfwf rstW Wpc-sofnt jsv bfmfp iVsk rsh.nmq kfqfmcm jsv bfmfp rsh bf. ( 1/212) j kfqfmcsm jsqj zsv bfmfp iVf dn. (mcm} 1/340) dnbf rWqfv hAfifsv zfnfvstf wcbq.

ddmmnnWWqqffjj ((ll]]ffkkbb)) jjvvffvv vvkk diaq bhD hstb, zfdm mskv ubA jjv bf ufbstwfv bfmfpsj slvD jsv iVskhQ iaskAj bfmfspv nmq l]fkb jvsk zfslw dlkfm. (hc}, mc}, dm} 376bQ) dkdb zfsvf hstb, zfdm zfmfv mskv is[ jjv bf ufbst (iaskAj) Wpcv


32

nfsK l]fkb jvf Ivp jvkfmhQwfv bfmfp zsLGj vfk ipG slvD jsv iVkfm. (rf}, hf}, n}uf} 5319 bQ) kf nfrfhD pfsql dhb Jfstl ucrfbD mndusl bfmfp iVsk rfduv rskb, zfv k]fv l]fkbsj jtsmv mk k]fv jfsb ]su vfJskb. bfmfsp l]fVfhfv nmq dkdb l]fkb jsv icbvfq jfsb ]su dbskb. (zflf}, dk}, dm} 390 bQ) mcndtsmv iajxdkok jmGnmCsrv jde rt, dmnWqfj jsv mcJ nfI jvf. (mc}, dm} 379bQ) dhswN jsv ucmzfv dlb sofnt W l]fkb jvf hQ zfkv hAhrfv jvf jkGhA. (zf}, hc}, mc}, zflf}, n}uf} 4178 bQ) mrfbhD hstb, duhvDt (zf}) zfmfsj (k shwD) l]fkb jvsk zfslw jsvsYb, pfsk zfdm zfmfv l]fk Usv pfWqfv zfwf jvdY. (dnn} 1556 bQ) zbA j hBGbfq dkdb hstb, ---sk zfmfv Hq rq sp, l]fkb jvf zfmfv iv Ivp jsv slWqf rsh. (n}uf} 1376 bQ) hfdVsk iashw jvf mfdkdb iaKm sp jfu jvskb, kf rt l]fkb. (mc}, dm} 377bQ) kfrfcl iVskEst dkdb l]fkb jsv l]fk mfuskb. (hc}, mc}, dm} 378bQ) zfhfv vfsv zbAfbA nmsqW pJb susoEskb, kJb dmnWqfj jvskb. (n}uf} 4853 bQ) zfv ubA vfsswfhfv nmq dwKfsb l]fkb svsJ dbskb. ( 4872 bQ) dkdb hstb, l]fkb jvfq vsqsY mcsJv idhkfhQ iadkiftj zffrv nd. (zf}, lf}, bf}, Jc}, dr}, hc} (dhbf nbsl), dm} 381bQ) jlf rpvk zftD l]fkb zfbsk zfslw jsv htstb, zffrv vnCt hstsYb, hflf pJb bfmfp iVsk lfqmfb rq kJb dIdvwXkf kfv diYsb lfqmfb rsq kfv djvfzfk wcbsk Kfsjb. dIdvwXkf kfv dbjehkDG rb; (zKhf hBGbfjfvD zbcvi djYc htstb.) idvswsN dkdb dbu mcJ kfv (hflfv) mcsJ dmdtsq slb! Ist kfv mcJ rsk jcvzfsbv specjc zQw shv rq snecjc zQw dIdvwXkfv sise iashw jsv pfq. nckvfQ jcvzfsbv ubA skfmvf skfmfslv mcJsj idh jv. (hfpXpfv, nkf}210bQ) dkdb hstb, dmnWqfj jsv skfmvf skfmfslv mcJsj idhjv. jfvB, mcJ rt jcvzfsbv iK. (hfp}, dnn} 1213 bQ) rpvk zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, `bhD dmnWqfj jsv zfmfsj kf Lcsk dlskb. djsLfqfv zfso zfdm dmnWqfj jsv dbkfm. kfviv kf Lcsq k]fsj dlkfm.' (zflf}, dm} 384bQ) k]fv dbje dmnWqfsjv k vk dYt sp, dksvfLfsbv iChG mcrCskGW dkdb rpvk zfsqwfv l]fsk dydhsq bvm jsv dbsu l]fkb jsvsYb. (hc}, dm} 5959 bQ) dkdb zfvfj (dic) ofsYv (Fft hf dwjsVv) l]fkb jvskb. (zf}, o} 1/104) zfctfvf l]fk mfuf pfq. kshef nck dj bf hf skW nWqfh zuGb rsh dj bf, sn hAfifsv sjfb nrDr rflDn dmst bf. rfsIp hsb rfufv (v}) kftJDsn (1/70)


33

nisjG jsqjde rflDn sJ jvfv iv hstb, `dtv sysq mcnbfsl zfrmfsl zftD sKsj hdBGk rflDnde zdLjkv nrDr.' djsn rflDndevW nbl pqDI. (mcnbfsl zfrmfl, kfrjDj zfrmfl wfsjv 1355 bQ)

bbffmmffppDDvv sstthhffnn zffr kfzftf hstb, sr mfbh ufdk! skfmfslv tffb Tfjfv W shwHCNfv ubA zfdm skfmfslvsj sthfn dlsqdY. iv`kfjWqf'v sthfn nshGf{jx. (jc} 7/26) sr zflm nfboB! iaskAj bfmfspv nmq skfmvf nclv idvYl idvLfb jv. ifbfrfv jv, djziyq jsvf bf. dkdb zihAqDslv iYl jsvb bf. (jc} 7/31) wvDqskv nHA-lxdsk nfLfvBHfsh sthfsnv jkjdt wkG W zflh vsqsY; pf iftb jvsk mcndtm hfLA.

mdrtfslv sthfsnv wkGfhtD dbmvi}- 1. sthfn spb slsrv nhGfsj sTsj vfsJ. slsrv sjfb zhf snZlpG spb sjfb shofbf (pfv nfsK sjfbW nmsq dhhfr ShL mb) icvsNv nfmsb iajfw bf ifq. sjb bf mrfbhD hstb, smsq mfbcsNv nhef tffb (sofibDq). zfv sn pJb shv rq, kJb wqkfb kfsj icvsNv lxdsk idvswfdHkf jsv skfst. (dk}, dm} 3109 bQ) mrfb zffr hstb, sr bhD! kcdm skfmfv ikDoBsj, jbAfoBsj hQ mcdmbslv DoBsj hst lfW, kfvf spb kfslv yflsvv djqlQw dbsuslv (syrfvfv)iv sesb sbq---. (jc} 33/59) rpvk sm nftfmfr (vf}) hstb, `zfqfk zhkDBG rst (mlDbfv) zfbnfvslv mdrtfvf pJb shv rt, kJb kfslv mfKfq (jfstf) yflv (hf smfefVbf) slsJ msb rdYt spb Wslv mfKfq jfstf jfsjv U]fj hsn zfsY!' (zflf} 4101 bQ) zffr kfzftfv zfslw, mcdmb smsqvf spb kfslv OfV W hcjsj mfKfv jfiV fvf sTsj sbq---. (jc} 24/31) rpvk zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, `iCshGv mcrfduv mdrtfslv iadk zffr vrm jsvb. zfqfk zhkDBG rst kfvf kfslv idvsLq jfiVnmCsrv msLA nhsysq smfef jfiVdesj sIsV mfKfvVbf hfdbsq mfKf (OfV-otf-hcj) sTsjdYt.' (zflf} 4102) nfrfhfslv mdrtfoB pJb isK ytskb, kJb k]fslv dbmfsv jfisVv swN iaf mfdev iv sY]yXsV spk. bfifj ufqofsk ytfv nmsqW kfslv sj ifsqv ifkf shv jvskb bf. (dm} 504, 512, 4335 bQ) nckvfQ mfKf W ifsqv mLAhkDG sjfb zsp iajfw jvf pfsh bf, kf zbcsmq. 2. sp sthfn mdrtf idvLfb jvsh snef spb (shofbf icvsNv nfmsb) snZlpGmq W


34

lxd-zfjNGD bf rq. spsrkc mrfb zffr hstb, nfLfvBk} pf iajfw rsq Kfsj kf YfVf kfvf spb kfslv zbAfbA snZlpG iajfw bf jsv. (jc} 24/31) 3. sthfn spb mb ifktf bf rq, pfsk jfisVv iv sKsjW dHksvv yfmVf busv zfsn. bsy{ Tfjf KfjstW sJftfv ipGfqHc. hAfifsvj rflDsn zffrv vnCt rpvk zfnmf (vf})sj nkjG jsvdYstb. (zflf}, dm} 4372 bQ) jlf rfInf dhs zfcv vrmfb ifktf WVbf isv rpvk zfsqwf (vf}) v dbje sost dkdb kfv Vbfsj dY]sV sIst dlstb hQ kfsj jde smfef WVbf ivsk dlstb. (mf}, dm} 4375 bQ) mrfbhD hstb, lc swaBDv mfbcN slfpJhfnD; pfslvsj zfdm (Jsbf) sldJdb. ---(slv msLA dkDq swaBDv mfbcN sn) mdrtflt, pfvf jfiV isvW tKfjsh, ziv icvNsj dbsuv dlsj zfjxjvshhQ dbsuW kfv dlsj zfjxrsh, pfslv mfKf (ycstv sJ]fif) drst Kfjfsev j]csuv mk rsh. kfvf shsrsiashw jvsh bf. zfv kfv ncoW ifsh bf; zKy kfv ncokk lCvhkGDfb sKsjW ifWqf pfsh. (zf}, mc}, n}uf} 3799 bQ) 4. sifwfj spb mb z]fe-n]fe (efeXdIe) bf rq, pfsk slsrv ]yc-dbyc hArq. jfvBmb TfjfW sJftfv ipGfqHchQ lxd-zfjNGD. 5. spb ncodk bf rq. mrfbhD hstb,sneX dhtfhfv sswA sjfb mdrtf pdl kf hAhrfv jsv icvNslv nfmsb pfq, ksh sn shwAf smsq. (zflf}, dk}, dm} 1065 bQ) sneX hAhrfv jsv mdrtf mnduslW spsk ifsv bf. jlf yfwXskv nmq zfhC vfvf mndul sKsj shv rstb. slJstb, jde mdrtf mndul iashsw lAk. kfv slr hf sthfn sKsj {jx ncodv nchfnYVfdYt. zfhC vfvf mdrtfdev ssw htstb, `zftfdjnX nftfm.' mdrtfde nftfsmv v dlt. dkdb kfsj iaw jvstb, `sjfKfq pfsh kcdm?' sn htt, `mndusl.' htstb, `dj ubA mb nclv ncod smsJY kcdm?' htt, `mnduslv ubA.' htstb, `zffrv jnm?' htt, `zffrv jnm.' icbvfq htstb, `zffrv jnm?' htt, `zffrv jnm.' kJb dkdb htstb, `ksh swfb, zfmfsj zfmfv diaqkm zfhct jfsnm hstsYb sp, sn mdrtfv sjfb bfmfp jhct rq bf, sp kfv fmD YfVf zbA jfsvfv ubA ncod hAhrfv jsv; pk[B bf sn bfifjDv sofnt jvfv mk sofnt jsv sbq. zkh kcdm dIsv pfW, sofnt jsv ncod Lcsq sIt. kfviv dIsv sn bfmfp isVf.' (zflf}, bf}, mf}, hf}, dnn} 1031 bQ) 6. sthfn spb sjfb jfsIv mdrtfv zbcjxk bf rq. diaq bhD hstb, sp hAdsp ufdkv nflxwA zhtb (sthfsn-sifwfsj, yft-ytsb zbcjvB) jvsh sn kfslv ltHc. (zflf}, dm} 4347 bQ) 7. kf spb icvNslv sthfsnv zbcvi bf rq. mrfbhD sn bfvDslvsj zdHwfi dlsqsYb, pfvf icvNslv shw LfvB jsv hQ sn icvNslvsjW zdHwfi dlsqsYb,


35

pfvf bfvDslv shw LfvB jsv. (zflf} 4097, mf} 1904 bQ) dkdb sn icvNsj zdHwfi dlsqsYb, sp mdrtfv mk sthfn isv hQ sn mdrtfsjW zdHwfi dlsqsYb, sp icvsNv mk sthfn isv. (zflf} 4098, mf} 1903 bQ) 8. sthfn spb u]fjumjiCBG iadndubj bf rq. jfvB, dhvt Lvsbv sthfn ivst nfLfvBk} idvLfbjfvDv msb ohG nxdrqhQ lwGsjv lxdzfjNGB jsv. kf mrfbhD hstb, sp hAdlcdbqfsk iadndubj sthfn ivsh, zffr kfsj djqfmsk tfbfv sthfn ivfshb. (zf}, zflf}, mf}, dm} 4346 bQ) sp hAdu]fjumjiCBG sthfn ivsh, zffr kfsj djqfmsk zbcvi sthfn idvsq kf zdoljvshb. (zflf}, hf}, n}uf} 6526 bQ) zfv icvNslv sthfsnv wkGfhtD dbmvi}- 1. sthfn spb bfdH sKsj r]fec ipG zQw zhwA zfhxk vfsJ. spsrkc ecjc zicvsNv tffb. (n}uf} 5583 bQ) 2. mb ifktf bf rq, pfsk dHksvv yfmVf busv zfsn. 3. mb zf]e-nfe bf rq, pfsk slsrv ]yc-dbyc hArq. 4. jfsIvslv sthfsnv zbcjxk bf rq. 5. mdrtfslv sthfsnv zbcvi bf rq. 6. u]fjumjiCBG iadndubj bf rq. 7. ofP rtcl hf ufIvfbD vsMv spb bf rq. zfmXv dhb zfn hstb, zffrv vnCt jlf zfmfv ofsq lc'de ufIvfbD vsMv jfiV slsJ htstb, stf jfsIvslv jfiV. nckvfQ kcdm kf isvf bf. (mc}, dm} 4327 bQ) 8. sthfn spb svwmD jfisVv bf rq. mrfbhD hstb, snfbf W svwm zfmfv mskv mdrtfslv ubA rftft hQ icvNslv ubA rfvfm jvf rsqsY. (dk}, bf}, dm} 4341 bQ) lcdbqfq svwm-hkfvf ivsh, pfslv ivjfst sjfb zQw sb. (hc}, mc}, dm} 4320 bQ) rpvk mfv hstb, vnCt svwsmv jfiV ivsk dbsNL jsvsYb. ksh lc, dkb zKhf yfv zfct idvmfB (zbA jfisVv nsucsV) hAhrfv jvsk zbcmdk dlsqsYb. (mc}, dm} 4324 bQ) klbcvi sjfb ymGsvfo iaHxdksk ijfvD rst kf hAhrfsv zbcmdk zfsY. (hc}, mc}, dm} 4326 bQ) 9. idvdrk sthfn (ifqufmf, iAfeX, tcdjfmDn iaHxdk) spb ifsqv o]fsev dbsy bf pfq. mrfbhD hstb,o]fsev dbsyv zQw tcdufrffsm. (hc}, dm} 4314 bQ) mc'dmsbv tcdifsqv zsLGj vtf ipG. (zsLGj vtf) sKsj o]fe ipG zQswv sp sjfbW ufqofq rst [dk sb. djv dbsyv zQw slfpsJ pfsh. vi 3 hfv hst dkdb icbvfq htstb, zfv djqfmskv dlb zffr sn hAdv iadk kfdjsqW slJshb


36

bf, sp zrQjfsvv nfsK dbsuv tcd(o]fsev dbsy) sY]yXsV dbsq shVfq.(zflf},mf},dm} 4331) zffrv vnCt v nhsysq shwD iYlbDq sthfn dYt jfmDn (Ict-rfkf iafq o]fsev iv ipG tf ufmf dhswN). (zflf}, dk}, dm} 4328 bQ) spmb dkdb syj-jfef yflv ivsk Hfstfhfnskb. (hc}, mc}, dm} 4304 bQ) dkdb mfKfq hAhrfv jvskb ifoVD. (dk}, n}uf} 4676 bQ) dkdb jfstf vsMv ifoVDW h]fLskb. (zflf}, 4077, mf} 3584 bQ) zffrv vnCt W nfrfhf kKf ntIslv pcso eciDW iaydtk dYt. (hc}, Ihf} 1/587, 3/86, mc} 925, zflf} 691 bQ) spmb sn pcso swstfqfv hf ifqufmfW idvdyk dYt. mrfbhD W ifqufmf Jdvl jsvdYstb. (mf} 2220, 2221 bQ) dkdb rvfm h]fLf zhfq rfuDslvsj ifqufmf ivsk dbsNL jsvsYb. (hc}, mc}, dm} 2678 bQ) zhwA tcdbf ifWqf sost ifqufmf ivsk zbcmdk dlsqsYb. ( 2679 bQ) hsb zffn pJb tcdivskb, kJb tcdv nfmsbv dlsjv dbsyv zQw ifsqv ifkfviv Ucdtsq dlskbhQ siYb dljef (o]fsev)isv kcst dbskb.vi ivfv jfvB dufnf jvf rst dkdb htstb, `zfdm zffrv vnCt sj vi ivsk slsJdY.' (zflf}, dm} 4370 bQ) k]fv dbje sifwfsjv nhsysq iYlbDq vM dYt nflf. dkdb hstb, skfmvf nflf jfiV idvLfb jv. jfvB nflf vsMv jfiV shwD idhKfsj. zfvvsMv jfisV skfmfslv mfsqAksj jfIbfW. (zf}, dk}, bf}, mf}, dm} 4337 bQ) YfVf nhcu vsMv jfiVW dkdb hAhrfv jvskb. (zflf} 4065 bQ) hQ tft vsMvW sthfn idvLfb jvskb. (zflf} 4072, mf} 3599, 3600 bQ) mcrfsn zfthfbD rfsIpffr hstb, `tft vsMv jfiV hAhrfv dbdNrWqfv hAfifsv sjfb rflDn nrDr bq.' (dmwjfskv eDjf 2/1247) sthfsn-sifwfsj nflf-dnsL Kfjf mfsbv idvyfqj. (zflf}, dm} 4345 bQ) mrfbhD hstb, nfmKGA Kfjf nsW sp hAddhbq nrjfsv snZlpGmq jfiV ivf kAfo jvsh, zffr kfzftf kfsj djqfmsk nxdv nfmsb sFsjJdkqfv slshb;mfsbv sthfsnv msLA kfv spefYf snef ivsk ifvsh. (dk}, rf}, n}uf} 6145 bQ) ksh nclv sthfn ivf sp dbdNkf bq. jfvB,zffr nclv. dkdb snZlpG iYl jsvb. hflfsj dkdb sp sbqfmk lfb jsvsYb kfv dyr(kfv slsr)slJsk iYl jsvb. zfv dkdb lfdv W (stfjys[) ldv nfufsj OxBf jsvb. (hf}, n}uf} 1742 bQ) diaq vnCt hstb, pfv zsv zBc idvmfBW zrQjfv Kfjsh, sn uffk iashw jvsh bf. htf rt, `stfsj skf yfq sp, kfv sifwfjef nclv srfj, kfv ucskfef nclv srfj. (kfrst snefW dj ipGfsq iVsh?)' dkdb htstb, zffr nclv. dkdb snZlpG iYl jsvb. zrQjfv skf `rj' (bAfq W nkA) iakAfJAfb jvf hQ mfbcNsj


37

OxBf jvfv bfm. (mc}, n}uf} 7674 bQ) dkdb zfsvf hstb, m zflwG,m shwHCNfhQ dmkfyfdvkf bhcWskv 25 zQswv zbAkm zQw. (zf}, zflf}, n}uf} 1993 bQ) zffrv vnCt j hAdv mfKfq zftcKftc yct slsJ htstb, v djmb djYcW sb, pfv fvf mfKfvstfsmstf yctstfsj snfuf jsv (z]fyXsV) sbq?!zfvj hAdv ivsb mqtf jfiV slsJ htstb, v djmb djYcW sb, pfv fvf mqtf jfiVsj idvjfv jsv sbq?! (zflf}, bf}, zf}, dm} 4351 bQ) zfhct zfrWqfn hstb, jlf zfdm zffrv vnCt v dbje tfm. zfmfv ivsb dYt sbrfk dbmmfsbv jfiV. dkdb kf slsJ zfmfsj htstb, skfmfv dj mft-Lb zfsY? zfdm httfm, `uD r]Af.' htstb, sjfbX swaBDv mft zfsY? zfdm httfm, `njt swaBDv mft zfmfv dbje mucl. zffr zfmfsj e, ov, Yfot, sH]Vf, sOfVf W Dklfn lfb jsvsYb.' dkdb htstb, zffr pJb skfmfsj k mft lfb jsvsYb, kJb zffrv slWqf sbqfmk W zbcoar skfmfv shw-HCNfq iajfw ifWqf dyk. (zf}, bf}, dm} 4352 bQ) dkdb hstb, pf Yf kf JfW hQ spmb Yf skmdb iv, ksh kfsk spb lc'de dudbn bf Kfsj; ziyq W zrQjfv. (hc}, dm} 4380 bQ)

bfmfspv dHksv dhswN sthfn jef jfisV icvsNv bfmfp wc,ksh kfsk j]fL Tfjsk rsh. (hc}, mc}, dm} 754-756 bQ) zfv sJqft vfJsk rsh, spb wvmofr iajfw bf sisq pfq. ( dm} 4315 bQ) kWqfsI jclCm (rWmvfq nhGiaKm kWqfI) YfVf zbA nmqrvfm zhfq Ffb j]fL shv jsv vfJf dhsLq bq. htf hftA bfmfspv nmq Hq j]fL Tfjf uvvD. j hAdrpvkmfv sjj jfisV bfmfp iVfv hAfifsv dufnf jvf rst dkdb htstb, `zffr zfdLjA lfb jvst skfmvfW zdLj hAhrfv jv.' zKGf{ shwD jfiV Kfjst shwD hAhrfv jvf m. (hc} 365 bQ) lvhfv zffrv. dkdb snZlpG iYl jsvb. kf bfmfpDv dyk, pKfnfLA snZlpG zhtb jsv k]fv lvhfsv rfduv rWqf. mrfbhD hstb,skfmfslv sj pJb bfmfp isV, kJb kfsj lc'de jfiV ivf dyk. jfvB, zffr zdLjkm rjlfv sp, k]fv ubA nfunf oarB jvf rsh.(n}uf} 652 bQ) i[fsv bfmfspv ubA mb bjXwflfv jfiV rWqf dyk bq, pfsk bfmfpDv mb hf jfoakf ycdv jsv sbq. jlf mrfbhD bjXwflfv sjfb jfisV bfmfp iVfv iv htstb, de sIv{ dlsq `zffufbD' (bjXwfdhrDb) jfiV dbsqn. jfvB,de zfmfsj zfmfv bfmfp sKsjlfn jsv sIstdYt. (hc}, mc}, dm} 757 bQ)


38

bfmfpDv bfmfspv mb sthfn rWqf dyk bq, pfsk sjfb (dhyvBwDt) iafBDv Ydh Kfsj. jfvB, skW bfmfpDv msbfspfo dYdbsq sbq. rpvk zfsqwf (vf}) v js[v j iafs jde YdhpcvdMb ilGf effsbf dYt.jlf mrfbhD htstb,skfmfv ilGf zfmfslv dbje sKsj ndvsq bfW. jfvB, Wv Ydhstf zfmfv bfmfsp dhO nxdjvsY. (hc} 374 bQ) dkdb hstb, sp Osv jcjcv zKhf Ydh (hf mCdkG) Kfsj, sn Osv dIdvf iashw jsvb bf. (mf}, zf}, dk}, dr}, n}uf} 1961, 1963 bQ) zkh bfmfspv hfsvW Lvsbv Ydhpcsthfn mcndtsmv ubA ShL bq. jfvB,ntfm Ydh W mCdkGv sOfv dhsvfLD. sp jfisV zmcndtmslv sjfb LmGDq iakDj (spmb cw, wJ iaHxdk) Kfsj, sn jfiV (W ztfv) hAhrfv ShL bq. mf zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, `bhD hfdVsk sjfb dudbsn cw slJst kf sjse sItskb.' (zf}, zflf} 4151 bQ) ucskf idhrst, kf ifsq svsJ bfmfp iVf ShL. mrfbhD hstb, skfmvf qflDslv dhivDk jv. (hQ ucskf W smfuf ifsq bfmfp iV.) jfvB, Wvf Wslv ucskf W smfuf ifsq svsJ bfmfp isV bf. (zflf}, dm} 765bQ) zffrv vnCt dbsNL jsvsYb, spb sj hfm rfsk bf Jfq, sj spb j ifsq ucskf svsJ bf yst, sj spb mbHfsh jde mfjfiVfvf dbsusj udVsq bf sbq, pfsk kfv rfk shv jvfv iK Kfsj bfhQ sj spb jef jfiV isv, ifYfv iv Hv jsv, ifsqv vtf W rf]ec lc'desj JfVf jsv sise tfdosq, rfk lc'desj ifsq udVsq, tffb Jcst bf hsn. (mc}, dm} 4315 bQ) tcdv dHksv djYc bf isv KfjsthQ zbcvi hnstW tffb iajfw ifWqfv Hq Kfsj. spmb mdrtfslv wfdV-nfqfskWj zhf rsk ifsv. zkh nh jfisV vi hnf ShL bq. mrfbhD hstb, sp hAdbfmfsp kfv tcdsj zrQjfsvv nfsKo]fsev dbsy Ucdtsq vfsJ, kfvjfu rftft bqhQ zffrv dbje kfv sjfb nmfb sb. (zflf}, n}uf} 6012 bQ) iajfw sp, o]fsev dbsy jfiV Ucdtsq bfmfp iVst bfmfp jhct rq bf - hAfifsv hdBGk rflDnde nrDr bq. (p}zflf} 124, 884 bQ) bfifjDv nslr bf Kfjst iasqfusb mdrtfslv wft, yflv, hf wfdV ofsq dlsq icvNvf bfmfp iVsk ifsv. iasqfusb j jfisVv zsLGjef (kcmkD rstW) Dv ofsqhQ icvN kfv zsLGjef ofsq dlsq bfmfp iVsk ifsv. rpvk zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, `zffrv vnCt vfsbfmfp iVskb. zfdm mfdnj zhfq k]fv ifsw Kfjkfm. zfv zfmfvjde jfiV zfmfv ofsqhQ djYc k]fv ofsq Kfjk.' (zflf} 370 bQ)


39

sp jfiV isv Kfjf zhfq smsqslv mfdnj rq, sn jfisV mfdnj stso Kfjfv nslr bf Kfjst idhkfv sofnstv iv bf LcsqWjfisV kfslv bfmfp iVf ShL. mfdnj tfostW sp fsb stsosY sjht sn fb Lcsq Jcsbv lfo bf sostW kfsk bfmfp iVf ShL W wcrsh. (zflf} 365bQ) sjht lcL ifb jsv mb dwwcicpdl jfisV siwfh jsv slq, kfrst kfviv ifdbv dYef smsvhQ bf Lcsq kfsk bfmfp rsq pfsh. i[fsv pdl dwwcjbAfv siwfh rq zKhf lcL YfVf zbA JfhfvW Jfq mb dwwc rq, kfrst kfv siwfh jfiV sKsj Lcsq sItsk rsh. bsy{ bfmfp rsh bf. (hc}, mc}, dm} 497, 502, zflf} 377-379 bQ) jfisVv siwfh svfsl wcdjsq sostW kfsk bfmfp rq bf. jfiV sKsj siwfh ifdb dlsq sLfqf uvvD. (I} 1/198) sp jfiV isv fmD-Dv dmtb rq sn jfisVW bfmfp wc.zhwA bfifjD tfost hf tfofv nslr rst bq. (zflf} 366bQ) efe-dIeX iAfe W wfeG hQ ycX ifqufmf W Jfsef iffhD isv bfmfp mjvr. efe rWqfv jfvsB bfmfsp jfoakf Hrq. kfYfVf jfisVviv sKsj (dhswN jsv diYb sKsj) wvmofsrv]yc-bDyc zQw W zfjfv shfUf pfq. (mh} 15/75) mdrtfslv sthfsn yct, sie, diE, rfskv jdv idv Hfsov z(jbc, hf iaHxdk) shv rsq Kfjst bfmfp rq bf. sjht syrfvf W jd ipG rfk shv rsq Kfjsh. ifsqv ifkfW sTsj sbWqf jkGhA. (mh} 16/138, I} 1/288, djlf} 94ix}) zhwA nfmsb sjfb shofbf icvN Kfjst syrfvfW sTsj dbsk rsh. Ov zjfv rstW hfjf KfjstW bfmfp iVsk iVsk Tfjf Ivpmb sjfb ziajfw sisq sost bfmfp hfdkt rsq pfsh. sn bfmfp icbvfq dIdvsq iVsk rsh. (I} 1/285) diaq bhD hstb, sjfb nfhfdtjf smsqv mfKfq yflv YfVf kfv bfmfp jhct rq bf. (zflf}, dk}, dm} 762bQ) icvsNv slsrv LGfQswv jfiV (yflv hf ofmYf) nQjDBG rst mfKf Tfjsk dosq spb sie-diE hfdrv bf rsq pfq. iajfw sp, bfmfsp icvsNv ubA mfKf Tfjf uvvD bq. snZlspGv ubA eciD, ifoVD hf mfKfv vmft mfKfq hAhrfv jvf m. zfvjKf dhdlk sp, zffrv bhD W k]fv nfrfhfoB jJsbf jJsbf j jfisVW bfmfp isVsYb. kfYfVf jkj ntI nckvfv ubA djYc bf sist mfKfv eciD Jcst nfmsb svsJ nckvf hfbfskb. (zflf} 691bQ) iajfw sp, idvwam W smrbskv jfsuv OmGdn, jflf hf LcstfmfJf lcoGmq sthfsn mrfb hflwf zffrv lvhfv mndusl zfnf dyk bq. jfvB, kfsk zffrv idk dIdvf kKf mcnDoB j ifshb. zfv ubA skf j]fyf di]qfu-vncb sJsq mndusl zfnsk dbsNL jvf rsqsY.


40

bbffmmffssppvv zznnmmCCrr

Ivp bfmfp wcrWqfv ubAj wkG rt, kf pKf nmsq zflfq jvf. dbdlGnmq YfVf dH nmsq bfmfp rq bf. iansmrfb zffr hstb,

'd~+n'd~+n zKGf{, dbLGfdvk nmsq pKfpKHfsh bfmfp iVf mc'dmbslv jkGhA. (jc} 4/103) jcvzfb mfuDsl jdkiq zfqfsk bfmfspv 5de zsv iadkdk jvf rsqsY; spmb zffr kfzftf hstb, zfv bfmfp jfsqm jv dlsbv lc' iafHfso (zKGf{ Iuv W mfosvshv nmq) W vfskv iaKmfQsw (zKGf{ wfv nmq). (jc} 11/114) nCpG Tst pfWqfv iv rsk vfskv Ob zjfv ipG (zKGf{ spfrv, zfnv, mfosvh W wfv) bfmfp jfsqm jv, zfv jfsqm jv Iusvv bfmfp. (jc} 17/78) zfv nCspGflsqv iCshG (Iusv) W nCpGfsv iCshG (zfnsv) skfmfv iadkiftsjv niawQn idhkf W mdrmf sOfNBf jvhQ idhkf W mdrmf sOfNBf jv vfdv djYc nmsq(wfq)hQ dlsbv iafHfodtsk (Iuv, spfrv W mfosvsh), pfsk kcdm nrsk ifv. (jc} 20/130) i]fy zsj dbdlGjvsk zffrv kvI rsk qQ duhvDt (zf}) sn mfm rsq vnCt sj nsdbsq bfmfp isVb. bhD hstb,jf'hfoxsrv dbje duhvDt (zf}) zfmfv lc'hfv mfmdk jsvb; iaKmhfsv dkdb zfmfsj dbsq spfrsvv bfmfp kJb iVstb, pJb nCpG Tst dosq kfv Yfqf ucskfv dIskv mk (nfmfbA) rsqdYt. zk}iv dkdb zfmfsj dbsq zfnsvv bfmfp iVstb pJb iaskAj hv Yfqf kfv nmidvmfB rsqdYt. zk}iv zfmfsj dbsq mfosvshv bfmfp iVstb kJb, pJb svfpflfv Ikfv jsv sIstdYt. (zKGf{ nCpGfsv nfsK nfsK.) zk}iv wfv bfmfp kJb iVstb, pJb (nCpGfsv iv idym zfjfswv zvfo) tft zfHf zlxwA rsq dosqdYt. zfv zfmfsj dbsq Iusvv bfmfp kJb iVstb, pJb svfpflfsvv ubA ifbfrfv rfvfm rsq dosqdYt. dkDq dlsb dkdb zfmfsj dbsq spfrsvv bfmfp kJb iVstb pJb iaskAj hv Yfqf kfv nmidvmfB rsqdYt. zfnsvv bfmfsp zfmfvmfmdk kJb jvstb, pJb iaskAj hv Yfqf kfv dB rsqdYt. zk}iv zfmfsj dbsq mfosvshv bfmfp kJb iVstb, pJb svfpflfv Ikfv jsv sIstdYt. zk}iv vfskv j kxkDqfQw ok rst dkdb wfv bfmfp iVstb. zfv zfmfsj dbsq Iusvv bfmfp kJb iVstb, pJb (sHfv) InGf rsq dosqdYt. zk}iv dkdb zfmfv iadk t[A jsv htstb, `sr mcrfmfl! rt zfibfv iCshG njt bhDosBv z.zfv lc zsv mLAhkGD z rt bfmfspv z.' (zflf}, dk}, dm} 583bQ)


41

swN zsbfmfp pdlW wc, khcW iaKm (zfWqft) zsbfmfp iVf rt swa zfmt. zffrv vnCt sj dufnf jvf rt, `sjfb zfmt nhGswa?' sv dkdb htstb,zfWqft zsbfmfp iVf. (n}zflf} 452, n}dk} 144, dm} 607bQ) rpvk zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, `zffrv vnCt swN uDhb ipG dkDq hfv jJsbf swN zsbfmfp isVb db.' (n}dk} 146, dm} 608bQ)

IIIuuusssvvvvvv nnnmmmqqq nchsr nfslj dlk rst Iusvv bfmfspv nmq wcv rq hQ svfpflfsvv ubA ifbfrfv rfvfm rsq pfq. (nchsr nfslj htf rq sn nmqsj, sp nmsq sHfsvv zfHf iChG zfjfsw v-ld[sB dhDBG zhfq slJf pfq.) zfvv swN nmq rt nCspGflsqv iChG ipG. ksh bfmfp iaKm zs`oftfsn'(jec zjfsv jfjsHfsv) iVfm. mf zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, `zffrv vnCt Iusvv bfmfp iVskb. zk}iv mdrtfvf kfslv yflv udVsq dbu dbu hfnfq dIsv spk. djzjfsvv ubA kfslvsj sybf spk bf.' (hc}, mc}, dm} 598bQ) zfhC mCnf hstb, `jlf zffrv vnCt kJb Iusvv bfmfp iVstb, pJb sj kfv ifwhkGD nDv syrfvf dybsk ifvk bf zKhf kfv ifsw sj vsqsY kf ufbsk ifvk bf.' (zflf} 395, 398bQ) zfhC mfnl zfbnfvD hstb, dkdb (bhD ) jhfv Iusvv bfmfp zjfsv (Jch sHfsv) iVstb. zk}iv dkDq hfv InGf jsv iVstb. viv k]fv Iusvv bfmfp zjfsv rk. zfv sjft zhdL sjfb dlb icbhGfv (Iusvv bfmfp) InGf jsv isVb db.' (zflf} 394bQ) zffrv vnCt hstb, skfmvf Iusvv bfmfp InGf jsv iV. jfvB, kfsk nWqfh zdLj. (zflf}, dk}, bf}, dm} 614bQ) rflDsnv hAfJAf sp, `Iuv ivsi iajfw rsk lfW, dbdykvsi Iuv dlk rWqfv jKf bf susb bfmfspv ubA kfVfVf jsvf bf.' zKhf `skfmvf Iusvv bfmfp tf djvfzfk Lsv InGf jsv iV. sk zdLj nWqfh tfH rsh.' zfv jKf dhdlk sp, mrfbhD dbsu bfmfsp (jJsbf jJsbf) 60 sKsj 100 zfqfk ipG ifE jvskb hQ pJb bfmfp swN jvskb, kJb iaskAsj kfv ifswv nfKDsj dybsk ifvk. (hc} 599bQ) zKhf `y]flbD vfsk jec InGf rsk lfW. pfsk Iuv rWqf iW dbdykvsi hcUf pfq.' (mcm} 2/114-115) spsrkc k]fv zfmt mxkcA ipG Iusvv bfmfp InGf jsv dYt bf, hvQ bfmfp jec


42

zjfv Kfjsk wcv jvskb, snsrkc rflDsnv nh hAfJAf dbyq pcdpc.

ssspppfffrrrsssvvvvvv nnnmmmqqq nCpG idym zfjfswv dlsj Tst sost spfrsvv zfWqft zwcv rq. zfv iaskAj hv Yfqf kfv nmidvmfB rst kfv nmq swN rsq pfq. nCpG mLAsvJfq Kfjst sjfb sJftf ufqofq jde nvt jfdE hf wtfjf snfufHfsh ofVst pJb kfv Yfqf kfv slsr dbdyrrWqfv iv iChG dlsj isV tf rsk tfosh, kJb rsh spfrsvv nmq. Hfsh kfv Yfqf kfv nmidvmfB rst spfrsvv nmq swN rsq pfsh. zbAKf nCpG mLAsvJfq bf Kfjst, sjfb softfsLG Kfjfv Ist sp zdkdvYfqf isV, kf hfl dlsq mfisk rsh. jfdEv Yfqf jmsk jmsk dEj mLAfrjfst zfhfv hfVsk wcv rsh. hfVf zQwde mfist spfrv-zfnsvv nmq dbBGq jvf pfsh. iaskAj bfmfp kfv iaKm zsiVf rt m. djoaDmjfst jdEb ovsmv dlsb spfrsvv bfmfp jec Eff hf slvD jsv iVf zfIpt. zfhC pfvG hstb, jlf zfmvf bhD v nfsK j nIsv dYtfm. spfrsvv nmq rst mczfpXdpb zfpfb dlsk yft. bhD htstb, Eff jv. vi dkdb lc zKhf dkb hfv htstb. kJb zfmvf slJtfm sp, sYfe sYfe ifrfVstfv Yfqf sbsmsnsY. icbvfq bhD htstboaDsmv iaJv fi slfpsJv zQw. zkh ovm jdEb rst bfmfp Eff (slvD) jsv iV. (hc} 539bQ, mc}, zflf}, dk}) oaDmjfst dbsuv Yfqf 3 sKsj 5 jlm rst hQ wDkjfst 5 sKsj 7 jlm rst spfrsvv nmq dbBGq jvf pfq. (zflf}, bf}, dm} 586bQ) zhwA njt slsw mfi ndEj rsh bf.

zzzfffnnnsssvvvvvv nnnmmmqqq pJb iaskAj hv Yfqf kfv nmidvmfB rsq pfq, kJb zfnsvv nmq wcv rq. swN rq dEj nCpGfsv iChGmcrCskG. mrfbhD hstb, sp hAdnCpG sFfhfv iCshG zfnsvvj vfjzfk sisq sbq, sn zfnv sisq sbq. (hc}, mc}) zfnsvv zfWqft zs bfmfp iVf mrfbhD v zfmt dYt. zfbfn hstb, `nCpG pJb zfjfswv ykfq ialDKfjk, kJb zffrv vnCt zfnsvv bfmfp iVskb. k]fv nfsK bfmfp isV zsbsj mlDbfv ifwGhkGD hDsk (sjfb jfsu hf dbsuv hfdV dIsv) spk, zfv pJb snJfsb si]ZYk kJbW nCpG (zsi[fjxk) ykfq Kfjk. ivsjfb sjfb hD mlDbf sKsj iafq 4 mDt (16 rfufv rfk, iafq 7 djdm) lCsv zhdk dYt.' (hc}, mc}, dm} 592bQ)


43

vfsI' dhb JflDu hstb, `zfmvf zffrv vnCt v nfsK zfnsvv bfmfp iVkfm. zk}iv e brv (pshr) jvf rk, kfviv kfv sofX lw Hfo jvf rk. sn sofX nCpG sFfhfv iCshG vff jsv sJsk sikfm.' (hc}, mc}, dm} 615bQ) dhbf Wusv zfnsvv bfmfp swN nmsq slvD jsv iVf mjvr. mrfbhD hstb, ef skf mcbfdIsjv bfmfp; sp nCspGv zsi[f jsv pJb kf rtsl rsq wqkfsbv lc dwsMv mfsU zfsn, kJb sn sE (jfsjv hf mcvoDv lfbf JfWqfv mk) yfv vfjzfk EjfEj isV sbq. pfsk sn zffrv dpjXv jm jsv Kfsj. (mc}, zf}, zflf}, dk}, bf}, dm} 593bQ) zffrv vnCt zfsvf hstb, sp hAd zfnsvv bfmfp kAfo jsv sn hAdv zfmt i rsq pfq. (hcJfvD 553, bfnf) zbA j hBGbfq dkdb hstb, sp hAdv zfnsvv bfmfp Ycse sot, kfv spb idvhfv W Lb-mft tcb rsq sot. (mfstj, hcJfvD 552, mcndtm 626 bQ iamcJ)

mmmfffooosssvvvssshhhvvv nnnmmmqqq nCpG z sost mfosvshv nmq rq hQ idymfjfsw tft zfHf (zvfo) sjse sost v nmq swN rsq pfq. (mc}) mfosvshv bfmfpW zfWqft zsiVf zfIpthQ dhbf Wusv slvD jsv iVf mjvr. sjbbf, duhvDt (zf}) mrfbhD v mfmdk jfst 2 dlb j nmsq zfWqft zsbfmfp idVsqdYstb- spmb iCshGjfv rflDn rsk zfmvf ufbsk sisvdY. kfYfVf vfsI' dhb JflDu hstb, `zfmvf bhDv nfsK mfosvshv bfmfp iVkfm. zk}iv bfmfp snsv pdl zfmfslv sj kDv mfvk, kfrst sn kfv kDv iVfv fbde slJsk sik.' (zKGf{, shwD zjfv rk bf.) (hc}, mc}, dm} 596bQ) mrfbhD hstb, zfmfv mskv stfsjvf kk[B ipG ntfmD dIkvfk (iajxdkv) iv Kfjsh, pk[B kfvf kfvjfvfdu (zfjfsw) iajfw rWqfv iCshG mfosvshv bfmfp isV sbsh. (zf}, kfh}, zflf}, rf}, dm} 609bQ)

wwwfffvvv nnnmmmqqq nCpGfsv iv idym zfjfw rsk tft zfHf sjse sostwfv nmqidk rq. bc'mfb dhb hfwDvv hBGbf zbcpfqD (y]fslv mfsnv) kxkDq vfsk y]fl Fcsh sostwfv nmq rq. (zflf}, lf}, dm} 613bQ) nCpG sFfhfv iv sKsj OdV Lsv slV Oef zdkhfdrk rst zzfsn. zfv v swN nmq zsLGj vfk ipG zhdwKfsj. zhwA sjfb Wpv W hfLfv Ist Iusvv zfso ipG wfv bfmfp isV dbst zflfq rsq pfq. spsrkc mrfbhD hstb, sj Ocdmsq pfWqfv Ist bfmfp bf iVst kf SwdKtA hst oBA rsh bf. zhwA


44

ufoakfhfq pdl sj bfmfp bf isV hQ zbA bfmfspv nmq idk rsq pfq, ksh kfv SwdKtA LkGhA. (mc} 681bQ) rflDnfvf iamfdBk rq sp, zfofmD bfmfspv nmqsnidk bf rWqf ipG hkGmfb bfmfspv nmq zhdwKfsj. zhwA Iusvv bfmfspv nmq wvDqk jkGxj dbLGfdvk. nCpGlsqv nfsK nfsK kf swN rsq pfq. spfrv ipG zhdwKfsj bf. (dInc} lcG 75ix}) zfWqft zsbfmfp zfIpt rstWj kxkDqfQw hf mLAvfsk (swN zs)wfv bfmfp iVf zfIpt. mrfbhD hstb,zfmfvmskv ubA jnfLA bf ufbst zfdmwfv bfmfpsjj kxkDqfQw zKhf zLGvfk ipG slvD jsv iVsk kfslvsj zfslw dlkfm. (zf}, dk}, mf}, dm} 611bQ) diaq vnCt wfv bfmfpsj j kxkDqfQw vfdipG slvD jsv iVsk iYl jvskb hQ wfv iCshG Ocmfsbf W isv jKfhfkGf htfsj ziYl jvskb. (hc} 599, mc}, iamcJ) pfsk wf, kfrfcl, dhkv W Iusvv bfmfp pKf nmsq iVf nru rq. ksh Db zKhf uvvD dhNsq jKfhfkGf htf W tXm yyGf jvf lCNbDq bq. spmb zffrv vnCt zfhC hjv W mfsvv nfsK wfv iv ubnfLfvsBv Hfstf-ml dbsq jKfhfkGf htskb. (zf}, dk} 169bQ)

bbbfffmmmfffssspppvvv nnnmmmqqq dddbbbdddlllGG GDDDjjjvvvsssBBBvvv iiiyyyfffssskkk dddrrrjjjmmmkkk mrfb zffr mfbcN nxdjsvsYbhQ kfsjmb iajxdk W iahxdlfb jsvsYb, pfsk vpD zbcnfsbv mfLAsm kfsj uDhbLfvB jvsk rsh. zfv kfv ubA iasqfub idvwasmv. idvwam slr-msb jfd, hAkf W SwdKtA zfsb. Ist idvwasm dY rq zffr W hflfv mfsU dhswN spfonC.kf skf pKfnmsq sn spfonC-jefbf bq hvQ mfsU mfsU jfsqm jsv hflfsj zffr-mcsJf jsv vfJfv sswA bfmfspv zsv dhswN nmqfhtD dbdlGjvf rsqsY. i[fsv idvwam W ifuGsbv ubAW lAm uvvD. dhswN jsv Iusvv nmsq mb djYc zbcwDtsbv lvjfv, pfv mfsU dbfv uVkf W zftnA sjse dosq msb ICdkG dIsv zfsn hQ pfv Ist hjGskv nmsq mfbcN dbu dbu jfsu msbfspfoD rsk ifsv. kf skf Iusvv bfmfspv mfLAsm hflf kfv dbf zhfq dbvfif tfsHviv zffrv wcjdvqf fib jsvhQ zffrv dbje kWIDj W nfrfpA jfmbfv mLA dlsq wcv jsv kfv iafkAdrj jmGuDhb. idvwam W hAkfv mfsU dEj dlb lcicsv mfbcN idvwaf rsq isV jec dhvdkv nfsK dhwafm dbsq Kfsj. dhwafsmv nmq sn kfv dbu jsmGv iv kWIDj tfsHv wcjdvqf fib jsv zffrv dbje. zk}iv zfnsvv nmq idk rst icbvfq hflf kfv hfjD dlsbv jmG ni jvfv mfbsn zffrv nfrfpA jfmbf jsv. mfosvshv nmq rst


45

hflf dbu oxsr dIsv jmG niflb jvfv jxkkffibiChGj mfosvshv bfmfp isV. zk}iv nmq zfsn dhwafm W zfvfsmv. nmq hflf iafkAdrj jmG snsv nfvf dlsb zffrv kvI sKsj zhkDBG zbcoasrv iv wcjXv ufdbsq wfv bfmfp isV. zfv Hfsh sn iakAr jmG W hflskv mLA dlsq dbsuv jft pfib jsv Kfsj. sjfb nmq zfkdhnxk rsq ifsiv iadk Tst iVst bfmfp kfsj hfLf slq. zffrv zfpfh HDNB jdEb hQ k]fv zbcoar zb-znDm - jKf iakAr i]fi-i]fy hfv hflfsj nvB jdvsq slWqf rq. (mfnf} 91-92ix})

sssppp sssppp nnnmmmsssqqq bbbfffmmmfffppp dddbbbdddNNN dlhfvfsi]fyde nmsq bfmfp iVf dbdN;mrfbhD hstb, (1) zfnsvv bfmfspv iv nCpG bf sFfhf ipG zfv sjfb bfmfp sb hQ (2) Iusvv bfmfspv iv nCpG bf WEf ipG zfv sjfb bfmfp sb. (hc}, mc}, dm} 1041 bQ) jhf dhb zfsmv hstb, zffrv vnCt zfmfslvsj dkb nmsq bfmfp iVsk hQ mclGf lfIb jvsk dbsNL jvskb; (3) dEj nCpG lq rWqfv iv sKsj jec ]yc bf rWqf ipG, (4) nCpG dEj mfKfv iv zfnfv iv sKsj jec Tst bf pfWqf ipG hQ (5) nCpG sFfhfv jfYfjfdY rWqf sKsj Fcsh bf pfWqf ipG. (mc}, zf}, zflf}, bf}, mf}, dm} 1040 bQ) spsrkc nmqdtsk nfLfvBk} jfsIvvf nCspGv iCuf jsv Kfsj kf. (mc}, dm} 1042 bQ) bfmfp dbdNrWqfv hAfifsvde rt nfLfvB dbslGw. djzbAfbA rflDnfvf djYc nmsq djYc bfmfpsj hAdkm jvf rsqsY. spmb}- 1111.... Ivp bfmfp hfjD Kfjst kf zflfq jvfv ncspfo rWqf mfsp sjfb nmsq nkv isV sbWqf uvvD. mrfbhD hstb, sp hAdnCpG sFfhfv iCshG zfnsvvhQ nCpG WEfv iCshG Iusvvj vfjzfk bfmfp sisq pfq, sn (pKfnmsq) bfmfp sisq pfq. (hc}, mc}, dm} 601bQ) dkdb zfsvf hstb, sp hAdnCpG sFfhfv iCshG zfnsvvj vfjzfk bfmfp ifq, sn spb (nCpG Fcsh sostW) kfv hfjD vfjzfk bfmfp ni jsv sbq. zfv sp hAdnCpG WEfv iCshG Iusvvj vfjzfk bfmfp ifq, sn spb (nCpGsE sostW) kfv hfjD vfjzfk bfmfp ni jsv sbq. (hc}, dm} 602bQ) 2222.... zbcvi sjfb Ivp bfmfp iVsk Hcst dosq Kfjst kf nvB rWqf mfnkv sp sjfb nmsq zKhf Ocdmsq dosq Kfjst ufofv iv sE nkv sp sjfb nmsq zflfq jvf uvvD. mrfbhD hstb, sj Ocdmsq sost kf kfv SwdKtA bq. SwdKtA skf ufoak zhfsk rsq Kfsj. nckvfQ pJb sj sjfb bfmfp iVsk Hcst pfsh zKhf Ocdmsq pfsh, kJb kfv dyk, kf nvB (hf ufoak) rWqf mfisV sbWqf. jfvB, zffr kfzftf hstb,


46

zfmfsj nvB jvfv sswA kcdm bfmfp jfsqm jv. (mc}, dm} 604bQ, jc} 20/14) 3333.... dlb-lcicsv mndusl ucmzfr iVsk sn Yfmk bIt bfmfp iVf dhsLq. bfmfpW dbsNsLv zfWkfHcbq. (dm} 1046bQ) 4444.... Iusvv Ivp bfmfspv iCshG lc' vfjzfk nck iVsk nmq bf sist Ivspv iv kf iVf pfq. zffrv vnCt jlf j hAdsj slJstb Iusvv Ivp bfmfspv iv lc' vfjXzfk bfmfp iVt. dkdb kfsj htstb, Iusvv bfmfp skf lc' vfjzfk mf!stfjde htt, `zfdm Ivspv iCshG lc' vfjzfk iVsk if db, Jb snef isV dbtfm.' jKf wcsb dkdb bDvh Kfjstb. (zKGf{, smZbnmdk ufbfstb.) (zflf}, dk}, dm} 1044) 5555.... jfvB-nfsi[ pfhkDq bfmfp pKfKG jfvB idk rWqf mfsp sjfb nmsq iVf pfq. spmb }- jjjj---- jf'hf wvDsIv kWqfsIv iv lc' vfjzfk bfmfp. kWqfI swN rWqfv isv sp sjfb nmsq bfmfp iVf pfq. mrfbhD hstb, sr zfs mfbfsIv hQwLv! dlhfvfsv sp sjfb nmsq sj oxsrv kWqfI jsv bfmfp iVst kfsj skfmvf hfLf dlW bf. (zflf}, dk}, bf}, dm} 1045 bQ) JJJJ---- kfdrqAfkct mfndul (mndul-sntfmD) lc' vfjzfk bfmfp. sp sjfbW nmsq mndul iashw jsv hnfv Yf jvst hnfv iCshG bfmfp iVsk rq. mrfbhD hstb, skfmfslv sj mndul iashw jvst sn spb lc' vfjzfk bfmfp iVfv iCshG bf hsn. (hc}, mc}, dm} 704bQ) oooo---- nCpG hf y oarsBv bfmfp. mrfbhD hstb, nCpG W y zffrv dblwGbnmCsrv zbAkm. jfsvf um hf mxkcAv jfvsB kfsk oarB tfso bf. nckvfQ oarB tfof slJst skfmvf zffrv dbje lczf jv, kjhDv iV, bfmfp iV hQ nljfr jv. (hc}, mc}, dm} 1483 bQ) OOOO---- ufbfpfv bfmfp. zfnv W Iuv bfmfspv ivW ufbfpfv bfmfp iVf pfsh. zhwA swsNfdkb nmsq bfmfp ShL bq. spmb iCshGfrflDsnjKf hdBGk rsqsY. (zfuf} 130-131ix}) nckvfQ nfLfvB bIt bfmfp nmqdtsk dbdN.ksh zfnsvv iv nCpG rtclhBG bf rWqf ipG dbdNbq. (dnn} 2549 bQ)

zzz---dddhhhNNNqqqjjj zzzfffsssvvvfff dddjjjYYYcc c mmmfffnnnfffsssqqqttt 1. sp hAdzswN rWqfv iCshG j vfjzfk bfmfp sisq sbsh sn zsisq pfsh. zKGf{, kfv bfmfp pKf nmsq zflfq rsqsY hQ jfpf rq db hst oBA rsh. (hc}, mc}, dm} 601bQ) dhLfq sp hAdjvfjzfskv sysq jm bfmfp ifsh, sn nmq ifsh bf; zKGf{ kfv bfmfp pKfnmsq zflfq rsh bf hQ kf jfpf hst oBA rsh. ksh YfjxkHfsh dhbfgWusv swN nmsq bfmfp iVf ShL bq.


47

klbcvi pdl sjfb hAdj vfjzfk bfmfp iVfv mk nmsqv iCshG mcntmfb rq zKhf sjfb mdrtf zbcvi nmsq mfdnj sKsj idhf rq kshzsv bfmfp kfslv ubA jfpf jvf Wqfsuh. spmb sjfb hAdpdl nCpG WEfv iCshGmb nmsqntfm oarB jsv, sp nmsqv msLA mfj vfjzfk Iusvv bfmfp iVst nCpG sE pfsh, kfrst hAdv ubA Iusvvbfmfp IvphQ kfsj jfpf iVsk rq. zbcvi pdl sjfb ifot fb dIsv ifq zKhf sjfb mdrtfv mfdnj hrq, kfrst kfslv ubAWIusvv bfmfp Ivp. dEj ki pdl sjfb mdrtf mfosvshv bfmfp bf isV Kfsj hQ kef nmq zdkhfdrk rWqfv iv kfv mfdnj wcv rsq pfq, pfv msLA j vfjzfk bfmfp iVf spk, kfrst mdrtfv ubA mfosvshv bfmfp Ivp. mfdnj sKsj ifj rWqfv isv kfsj bfmfp jfpf iVsk rsh. (vfdI} 23-24ix}) 2222.... wfv bfmfp zLGvfdipG slvD jsv iVf zfIpt rstW zfWqft zsufmfzfk rst ufmfzfskv nfsK zfWqft zs iVf zfIpt. jfvB, ufmfzfsk bfmfp iVf Wqfsuh. 3333.... Iusvv zfpfb rst 2 vfjzfk ncfsk vfskhfr YfVf Ivp ipG zfv zbA sjfb bfmfp sb. mrfbhD hstb, skfmfslv msLA idk hAdzbcidk hAdsj spb si]ZsY slq sp, Iusvv (zfpfsbv) iv lc' vfjzfk (nck) YfVf zfv sjfb (bIt) bfmfp isVf bf. (zf}, zflf} 1278 bQ) 4444.... ufmfzfk JfVf rst Ivp bfmfp YfVf sjfb iajfsvv bIt W nck (zbcvi ixKj Ivp) bfmfp iVf ShL bq. (mc} iamcJ, dm} 1058 bQ) 5555---- ixdKhDv sp fsb dlb hf vfdzfHfdhj tf (spmb 6 mfn vfk, 6 mfn dlb) rq, snfsb 24 Oef drnfh jsv vfk-dlb Lsv drnfh mk i]fy zbfmfp iVsk rsh. spfsb dlb hf vfk zfHfdhj sYfe snJfsbW zflfu jsv njt bfmfp zflfq jvf uvvD. spmb lfftst dlb 1 hYv, 1 mfn W 1 nfr idvmfB tf rst,fHfdhj dlb zbcmfb W drnfh jsv bfmfp iVsk htf rsqsY. (mc} 2137 bQ)

zzzfffpppfffbbb WWW kkkfffvvv mmmfffrrrfffkkkAAA zfpfb Ivp hQ kf slWqf rt IspG djIfqfr. zffrv vnCt hstb, bfmfspv nmq idk rst skfmfslvjub zfpfb slshhQ skfmfslv msLAsp hV snmfmdk jvsh. (hc} 628bQ, mc}, bf}, lf}) zfpfb ntfsmv zbAkm dblwGb W iakDj. sjfb oafm hf wrvhfnD kf kAfo jvst mfm (vfiaLfb) kfslv dhvsdurfl jvshb. spmb mrfbhD zdHpfsb sost sjfb ubil sKsj zfpfsbv Ldb wcbst kfslv iv zfmB jvskb bf. (hc} 610 bQ, mc}) nIsv jf Kfjst zKhf mndul Jch lCv rst hQ zfpfb wcbsk bf ifWqf sost


48

jf zfpfb W jfmk dlsq bfmfp iVf nck. (I} 1/255) zfpfb slWqfq (mczfpXspsbv ubA) vsqsY hV nWqfh W IpDtk. mrfb zffr hstb, sn hAdzsi[f zfv jfv jKf{jx,sp hAdzffrv dlsj mfbcNsj zfrfb jsv, n{jfu jsv hQ hst zfdm jub `mcndtm' (zfknmiGBjfvD)? (jc} 41/33) diaq bhD hstb, stfsj pdl zfpfb W iaKm jfkfsvv mfrfkA ufbk, zk}iv kf tfsHv ubA tefdv jvf YfVf zfv zbA sjfb ifq bf sik, kfrst kfvf tefdv jvk. (hc} 615, mc} 437bQ) zffr iaKm jfkfsvv iv vrmk hNGB jsvb hQ dIdvfoB kfslv ubA [mf iafKGbf jsv Kfsjb. mczfpXdpbsj kfv zfpfsbv zfWqfspv ykf zbcpfqD [mf jvf rq. kfv zfpfb wahBjfvD iaskAj nvn hf bDvn h kfv jKfv nkAfqb jsv Kfsj. kfv nfsK pfvf bfmfp isV kfslv njstv sbjDv nmidvmfB kfv sbjD tfH rq. (zfrml, bfnf, nrDr kfvoDh 228bQ) djqfmskv dlb mczfpXdpbosBv olGfb zbAfbA stfsjslv sysq thf rsh. (mc}387bQ) sp hAd hfsvf h{nv zfpfb slsh kfv ubA uffk Wqfsuh rsq pfsh. zfv iaskAj dlb zfpfsbv lvb kfv zfmtbfmfq Nfede sbjD dtdih jvf rsh hQ kfv jfmskv lvb dtdih rsh dwde sbjD. (hsb mfufr, lfvfjckbD, rfsjm, nrDr kfvoDh 240bQ) sp sjfb mfbcN, dub hf zbA djYc mczfpXdpsbv zfpfsbv w wcbsk ifsh, sn mczfpXdpsbv ubA djqfmskv dlb nf[A ialfb jvsh. (hcJfvD 609 bQ)

zzzfffpppfffsssbbbvvv iiiaa a fffvvvdddHHHjjj dddkkkrrrfffnnn mfq zhfbjfst mrfbhD kKf mcndtmoB dhbf zfpfsb bfmfp isVsYb. zk}iv mlDbfq druvk jvst druvD 1m (mkfsv 2q) nsb zfpfb Ivp rq. (Ihf} 2/78) njt mcntmfbsj jsnmshk jsv ufmfzfkhHfsh bfmfp iVfv ubAmbj dudbsnv iasqfub dYt, pf wcsb hf slsJ k]fvf umf rsk ifvskb.usbA k]fvf iChG sKsj mndusl idk rsq bfmfspv zsi[f jvskb.msmG k]fvfjdlb ivfmwG jvstb; sj htstb, `bfnfvfslv Oefv mk zfmvfW Oef hAhrfv jvh.' sj sj htstb, `hvQ qflDslv wxsv mk wxhAhrfv jvh.' rpvkmfv htstb, `hvQ bfmfspv iadk zfrfb jvfv ubA jde stfjsj (odt-odt) ifdEsq dlst sjmb rq?' djmrfbhD htstb,sr dhtft! WE, bfmfspv ubA zfrfb jv.(hc} 604 , mc}) sj htstb, `bfmfspv nmq mndusl jde ikfjf sftb jvf srfj. stfsjvf kf slsJsj zivsj bfmfspv nmq ufdbsq slsh.' djmrfbhDnh iYl jvstb bf. (zflf} 498bQ) idvswsN dkdb jde Oef dbmGfsBv zfslw dlstb. zhnsv


49

zfcfr dhb pfql si slJstb, j hAdOef rfsk pfsY. zfcfr hstb, zfdm kfsj httfm, `sr zffrv hflf! Oefde dhq jvsh?' stfjde htt,`ef dbsq dj jvsh?' zfdm httfm, `Wef dlsq stfsjslvsj bfmfspv ubA zfrfb jvh.' stfjde htt, `zfdm skfmfsj v yfsk m dudbsnv jKf hst slh bf dj?' zfdm httfm, `zhwA.' kJb hAdzfcfrsj zfpfb W jfmk dwdJsq dlt. zk}iv njft rst dkdb vnCt v dbje idk rsqsiv jKf Jcst htstb. nh djYc wcsb mrfbhD htstb, b wfzffr! de nkA i. zkh kcdm dhtfstv nfsK l]fVfW hQ si spmb (zfpfb) wcsbY dEj skmdb dhtftsj wcbfW; sn nh hst zfpfb dljX. jfvB, dhtfstv zfWqfu skfmfv sysq y. zk}iv zfcfr si iafzfpfsbvwstf dhtft sj wcbfsk tfostbhQ dhtftysv zfpfb dlsk wcv jvstb. mfv dbu Ov rsk zfpfsbv w wcbsk sisq yflv sY]yXsV (kfVfkfdV) shv rsq mrfbhD v dbje idk rstb; htstb, `sn nfv jnm, sr zffrv vnCt! zfdmW (20 dlb iCshG) si vi slsJdY.' zffrv vnCt k]fsj htstb, zkh pfhkDq iawQnf zffrv. (zf}, zflf} 498-499, dk} 189, mf} 706bQ)

zzzfffpppfffsssbbbvvv wwwfffhhhtttDDD mrfbhD v mczfpXdpb dYt smfe 4 ub. mlDbfq 2 ub; dhtft dhb vfhfr W zfmXv dhb sm mfjkCm jcvfwD. zfmXv dYstb z.zfv jchfq dYstb nf'l zft-jcpGX. mfq zfhC mfrpCvfr zfWn dhb mcoDvfr ucmfrD. (pfmf} 1/124) zfcfr dhb pfql v hdBGk dhtft v zfpfb dYt dbmvi}- 1# .zff- zfjhfv) 4 hfv) 5OM0>950>OM)@2 (zfwrflc zftX tftf-rf ff-r) 2 hfv. 5E4:>()@2 (zfwrflc zff mcrfmflfv vfnCtcf-r) 2 hfv.


50

1# .zffr nhfv sysq mrfb) 4 hfv) 5/OM0>950>OM)@/2 (zfdm nf[A dldY sp, zffr dH sjfb nkA ifnA sb.) 2hfv ycsi ycsi. 5/E4:>/()@/2 (zfdm nf[A dldY sp, mcrfmfl zffrv vnCt.) 2 hfv ycsi ycsi. icbvfq 5OM0>90>OM)@2 2hfvysv. 5E4:>()@2 2hfvysv.


51

4444.... zfpfsbv wfhtD zfvhD. dH HfNfq (zbchfl jsv) zfpfb skf wcbq; ivzfvhD wstfvyfvsB Hct jvfW ShL bq. nckvfQ pdl zfpfsbv mb yfvB jvf rq, pfsk kfv zKG hlst pfq, kfrst zfpfb wcbq. spmb,1/#5g`zf-f- zfjhfv' (iaKmjfv zfdtsI efb dlsq) htf. v zKG rsh, `zffr dj nhfv sysq mrfb?' zffrv mrfbkfq nslr sifNB jsv Lvsbv iawshfLj hfjA htst mfbcN jfsIv rsq pfq. bf susb htst jfsIv bf rstW zfpfb wcbq. klbcvi /# zff zfjhf-v' (zfjhfsvv swsN efb dlsq) htst v` 5zKG l]fVfsh, `zffr jmcsJf khtf!' zKhf `zffr zfjhf-v (j wqkfsbv bfm)! bfpc dhfdr dmb pfdtj. zbcvi spJfsb efb zfsY snJfsb bf efbf hQ spJfsb efb sb snJfsb efb slWqf, (zfb)sj (zfdtI)v mk zKhf kfv dhivDk,(hV sr hf rf)sj//I(sYfe sr hf rf)v mk zKhf kfv dhivDk yfvB, `Iftfr' W `nftfr' htfv nmq `r'v yfvB

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