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" Biodiversity of Rajeshpur Sal Forest, Comilla II I - Junaid K Choudhury Shekhar R Biswas M.Sazedullslam Oliur Rahman Sardar l\Iasir Uddin IUCN -The Wrold Conservation Union Bangladesh Country Office May 2004
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Page 1: Biodiversity of...Biodiversity of Rajeshpur Sal Forest, Comilla II I -Junaid K Choudhury Shekhar R Biswas M.Sazedullslam Oliur Rahman Sardar l\Iasir Uddin IUCN -The Wrold Conservation

Biodiversity of Rajeshpur Sal Forest Comilla

II

I

-

Junaid K Choudhury Shekhar R Biswas MSazedullslam

Oliur Rahman Sardar lIasir Uddin

IUCN - The Wrold Conservation Union Bangladesh Country Office

May 2004

b roduced in hole or in part and in any from for The materials In this publication may e rep I f m the copyright holder provided

fi middotthout speCia permission ro educational or non-pro It purposes WI d IUCN Bangladesh would appreciate receiving a proper acknowledgement of the source IS ma e copy of any publication which uses this document as a source

hmiddot b k d the presentation of the material do not The designation of geographical entities In t IS OOth an t of IUCN concerning the legal status of

f ion whatsoever on e par imply the expresslon 0 any OPfl~ d t tion or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or any country territory area or 0 ItS a minis ra

boundaries

This publication may not be resold or used formiddot any other commercial purpose without the prior

written permission of IUCN Bangladesh

IUCN Bangladesh Country Office published by

IUCN The World Conservation Union

copy 2004IUCN -The World Conservation Union Copyright

Reproduction of this publication for educational or ~ther non- commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged

ChoudhuryJ K Biswas S Rlslam SM RahmanOand Uddin S N Citation (2004) Biodiversity of Rajeshpur Sal Forest Comilla IUCN Bangladesh

Country Office Dhaka Bangladesh iv+ 21 PP

Junaid K Choudhury Compilation and Editing M Khairul Alam Shekhar R Biswas

984-32-1995-8ISBN

Shekhar R Biswas and Sheikh Asaduzzaman Cover Design and Layout

Junaid K ChoudhuryPhotographs

Rico PrintersPrinted by

IUCN -The World Conservation Union Available from

Bangladesh Country Office House 11 Road 138 Gulshan-1 Dhaka- 1212 Bangladesh Tel 880-2-9890395 9890423 Fax 880-2-9892854 E-mail infoiucnbdorg

Foreword

In Bangladesh as elsewhere in the third world the process of ecosystem destruction and the resultant environmental damage have been escalating alarminingly in the recent years The destruction of natural ecosystems goes hand in hand with drastic reduction of biodiversity which in the long term hampers the quality of life as we as economic development As an obligation under the CBD and for better management of the biodiversity resources Bangladesh is now preparing its National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan A bottom-up approach has been strictly resorted to during the preparation of the plan People from different part of the country volunteered opinons their neighbouring ecosystems about with their corresponding biodiversity Since the plan will be based on peoples perceptions of opinion ground truithing is considered a must for verify the feedbackmiddotrecived Thus it has been decided that ecosystem survey within few representative ecosystem need to be conducted Since the study is expected to focus on the complex issue of ecosystem status the study team members were selected from different fields of specialization who possessed sufficient experience of working in the natural ecosystems The study was confined within the following disturbed but ecologically important natural ecosystems of Bangladesh

Shatchari Habiganj A site of importance since the area still carries the remnants some important indigenous flora and fauna

Jafiong Sylhet This ecosystem of fresh water streams is settled stone bed which is being destroyed due to large-scale stone quarrying A seriously degraded site

Ratargul Sylhet It is a fresh water wetland ecosystem This site may be the largest Patipata growing habitat that also had groves of Hijal and Koroch trees Over extraction and mismanagement have affected the ecosystem most adversely The area has been suffering increasing exposure to visitors lately

iii I

Tilagarh Sylhet This is a small forest patch located suburbs Sylhet divisional head quarters

Rajeshpur Comilla This is the southern most habitat of natural Sal in the Indian sub-continent Most of the natural Sal forest has disappeared Only remnants are visible now

Dulahazara Safari Park Coxs Bazar The area has recently been delineated and declared as a Protected Area by the Forest Department in an attempt towards the conservation of its habitat and the resident wild animals This site is also known as the natural home of Dipterocarpus spp in Bangladesh

These are considered as one of the richest ecosystem category as regards biodiversity in Bangladesh Most of such diversities are not known to the outsiders and not at all well documented Moreover with the increasing population and the passage of time biodiversities are depleting at a rapid rate Most of these valuable national resources have already vanished from their sites of origin and many more are in various stages of extinction

It is expected that the findings of this study will help readers understand the dynamics of the diverse natural ecosystems in general and the trends of the biodiversity there Moreover the findings of the study will also provide ample food for thought for the planners while theyve formulating biodiversity conservation andor resource management plans and development policies The findings of this study will also serve as a baseline for the scientists development workers and students affording insights about the ecosystem

Dhaka Ainun Nishat May 2004 Country Representative

IUCN Bangladesh Country Office

iv I

Table of Con ents

Page No

1 Background

2 Methodology

3 Physiography and climate 3

4 Bio-zone 4

5 Existing ecosystem 5

6 Flora 5

7 Fauna 6

8 NTFPs 7

9 Economic values 7

10 Existing management of the ecosystem 7

11 Human interventions 7

12 EXisting trend 7

13 Land use pattern 8

14 Community livelihood 8

15 Threats to the ecosystem 8

16 Potentials of the ecosystem 9

17 Recommendations 9

1 Background

The small natural patch of Sal (Shorea robusta) at Rajeshpur under Comilla Social Forestry Division is the southern most natural habitat of Sal Though the growing stock is not good but is important because of its natural occurrence and eco-tourism services to the city dwellers of Comilla FD has developed some basic facilities for the visitors and has thus become an attraction to the one-day holyday makers The site is located at about 30 Km on the South South-East of Comilla town One can drive down this site and is usually treated as a picnic spot Administrative location of the site is under upazilla Chouddagram and district Comilla

INDEX TO ADJOINING THANAS

lOJO E

Legend forest Area Ksect]

BeefDepressed Area ~

lITIHillHillocks ~

FENI Map ofRajeshplI ~II I

This area is a small patch of degraded natural sal forest in the District of Com ilia At pr 111 1Iii is gradually gaining importance as a pick nick spot for the Comilla city dwellers

Comilla Forest Division was created in 1962 Before that this area was under the conlrol nl Chittagong Forest Division This area has been notified under section 4 of Forest ACl I97 I d

proposed Reserved Forest in year 1958 vide notification nu mber 1809 Fro dated 0 toh r ) 1958 Proclamation under section 6 of the Forest Act has been issued on October 29 I ~nr covering an area of 39628 acres Though the reservation process is on going as per the x i ~ til1(

rules and norms the Com ilia Forest Division is managing it as Reserved Forest In the Plt r lh importance of this forest was not realized as it is being felt today under the growing dern and for recreational sites and present concept of eco-tourism

2 Methodology

The study have been broadly divided into three parts viz collection of secondary information collection of primary information and finally data interpretation and report writing

--- 1

Step 1 Collection of secondary information

Available information the maps and relevant information about the selected study sites were collected as far as possible

Step 2 Collection of primary information

Floral diversity

We visited the ecosystem During these visits the flora found in the ecosystem were observed and noted This technique is chosen after consideration of feasibility of working in the natural forest economy and availability of time as described by Ray (1993) Their relative abundances were estimated while walking through the given ecosystem The heights of the top canopy were noted The forest management and related forestry aspects were noted Trees were identified and any specialized character or peculiarities of the vegetation were noted For proper identification of the species specimens have been collected and these materials are pressed so that herbarium sheets may be prepared and the species are properly identified later The soil water regime aspects GPS and related things were observed and noted The trees were identified following Heining (1925) Brandis (1906) and Prain (1903) Taxonomic literatures were consulted for correct nomenclature of the taxa

Faunal diversity

Data collection was based on the direct animal observation in the field However where the animal is not immediately available or it was difficult to locate or trace observations were made on foot print trailing tracks burrows nest animal holes carves on the tree trunks or fruits made by the animals etc For obtaining a better idea of the existing nocturnal faunal population with respect to species and abundance some observations were taken during early parts of the night Some observations were taken during the early hours of the morning and during the sunset times (evening hours) especially to note the bird species and their abundance Some affords were made to see the snakes if any Flying birds were also taken into account Besides local people were interviewed to ascertain the existence and to assess the states the animals In addition other techniques like photo flashing spot lighting sound tracking etc were used where necessary Uses of binoculars were made when necessary Animals were identified up to species level Standard field books field manuals notebooks were used for the identification process The species which were not possible to identify in the field brought with proper labeling for its subsequent identification

Ecosystem in general

Detailed discussions were held with the local forest staff officials neighboring community and experienced persons for obtaining information about the ecosystem especially to identify the threats and potentials With the help and assistance of the local forest staff and officials a few of the local old well conversant and knowledgeable personnel living in and around the ecosystem were invited for discussion

2 I

Collection of secondary information

Collection of primary information

Literature review

Field visit

Discussion

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Background

Maps

History

Bio-zone findings

Physiography and climate

Human interventions

Potentialities

Floral diversity

Faunal diversity

Ecosystem status

Threats

Economic value

Human intervention

Potentialities

Data analysis

Ecosystem survey activities outline

3 Physiography and climate

The topography of the site is raised flat land th r adjoining lands are paddy fields wherein m t~1 ved s ~gh undulations here and there The site in general is roughly above ~O teet f degtSh y ram e nce IS grown by puddling the soil The

rom e mean sea level

3 I

The soil of the site that we visited is reddish in color since it has some iron ores The soil is very hard when dry and become very soft and sticky when wet We have estimated from the vegetation over there that this soil is more acidic then that we normally encounter in our agricultural fields Since the locals remove most of the liters from forest floor for use as fuel the soil has tremendous shortage of humusThe soil fertility looks to be very low

The area in general has a few small canals but none has the perennial stream flow This speaks of the poor water regime that this area in general experiences The site under the forest being small in size do not have any impact on the water regime but there is microclimatic impact of the tree cover at the site The temperature inside the forest is lower than its surrounding More over since the stocking is poor and since the major cover is composed of deciduous species its contribution towards the water regime is of no notable significance

The climate is tropical in general The average rainfall ranges between 2030 and 2290 mm and the temperature is maximum 33degC and minimum 10degC The nearest weather station is at Comilla According to the Statistical Year Book 1999 at this station (Comilla) the average annual rainfall is 2079 mm the maximum monthly average temperature is 33degC in July and the minimum monthly average temperature is 117degC in January The humidity is highest in July (90) and lowest in February (77)The rainfall however is not well distributed through out the

year

4 Biozone According to Nishat et al (2002) this area is under the Bio-Ecological Zone - 9c It has been designated as Lalmai-Tipperah Hills According to Bangladesh agro ecological zoning (FAO 1988) this site is under Region 22 designated as Northern and Eastern Piedmont Plains These areas are supposed to be subjected to more of flash floods The texture of the soil in general is supposed to be sandy loam to silty clay and more acidic than the adjoining

ecological zones

According to the Bio-Ecological Zone of Bangladesh published by IUCN this area has been designated as Zone 9c under the name Lalmai-Tipperah Hills The expected floral and faunal composition in this zone is expected to be as

under

Flora Trees Sal (Shorea robusta) Sonalu (Cassia fistula) Kanthal (Artocarpus heterophyllus)Taal (Borassus flabellifer) Shrubs and herbs Bhant (Clerodendrum viscosum) Assam Lata (Mikania scandens) Shothi (Curcuma zeodaria) Motkila

(Glycosmis arboreal

FaunaMammals Indian porcupine (Hystrix indica) Rufous-tailed hare (Lepus nigricollis) Indian false vampire (Megaderma

lyra) Indian pygmy pipistrelle (Pipistrellus mimus) BirdsWhite-rumped Shama (Copsychus malabaricus) Lesser necklaced laughing thrush (Garrulax moniliger) Reptiles Cantors kukri snake (Oygodon cyclurus) Common wolf snake (Lycodon aulicus) Indian eyed turtle (Morenia

petersi)middot _ Amphibians Bull frog (Hopobatrachus tigerinus) Cricket frog (Limnonectes limnocharis)

4 I

5 Existing Ecosystem

T~e site that we ~isited may be treated as on ecosystem The growing stock of degraded sal is t e top canop~ ~I~ce a couple years back the FD has started to under plant cane in between the sa~The adJomlng comm~~ity often collects the liters of dry sal leaves Virtually there was no un ergrowt~ when we VISited the site in the month of March During monsoon eriods however these sites get some undergrowth ofvarious mixed species p

Among the he~baceous taxa Ageratum conyzoides Axonopus compressus Borrerria his ida Chrysopogon aCiculatus Desmodium heterophylum and Leucas lavandulifolia are more com~on ~h~bs ~~monIY obse~ved mcl~des Clerodendrum viscosum Eupatorium odoratum Flacourti In I~a 0 arrhena antldysentenca Ixora acuminata Melastoma melabatrhicum Microcos panJc~ata Psychotna calocarpa Randia dumetorum and Zizyphus rugosa Som I b seen In the forest t f h h e c 1m ers are ou 0 w IC Hemldesmus in dicus Ichnocarpus frutescens and Smilax

~~cr~carp~ a~~ ver~ common Plantation of Kajubadam (Anacardium occidantalis) Akasmoni theaf~~e~t~ncu I ormls) and Mangium (Acacia mangium) has done successfully in some part of

Th~ fo~est i~ well protected fro~ illegal felling and encroachment The plantations of Acacia aur~culIforlsal~d A manglUm raise as participatory plantation by Forest Department are being mhamtalme we Now the FD is also raising plantations of Rattan (Calumus guruba) underneath t e sa

6 Flora

~~ forest is ~f ~e~id~ous type dominated by only Sal (Shorea robusta) The forest is less diverse 40 caTnopy elg to the forest ranges from 15-20 m and canopy coverage is apprOXimately

0 70 rees are mainly result of regeneration of coppice from old trees and therefore most of the trees are not straight but deformed The mode of regeneration is not good and most of the saplings are suffering from dieback In the past there were other tree species mixed with Sal The undergrowth of the forest is very poor Only few shrubs and herbs are found and they have

-

Effect ofrepeated burning on Shorea seedling

been suffering from drought and low fertility of the soil Rajashpur Sal forest with an area of ca 587 ha is the largest chunk of natural Sal forest in Com ilia

The important tree species of Rajeshpur forest are Shorea robusta Acacia auriculiformis A mangium and Anacardium occidentalis Fruit yielding plants such as Ananas comosus Artocarpus heterophyffus Garcinia cowa Mangifera indica and Syzygium cumini have been encountered in adjoining localities Some species of plants that are used by the locals for medicine viz Eupatorium odoratum Hemidesmus indicus Holarrhena antidysenterica and Mikania scandensl have been encountered during our survey A total of 84 species were recorded from this forest and its surroundings of which 30 species are either introduced or plated A list of the species that we have found during this survey on March 92004 is given in Table 1

7 Fauna

A total of 6 (2955) amphibians 40 (19704) reptiles 128 (63054) birds and 29 (140285) mammals have been recorded in Rajeshpur

Hoplobatrachus tigerinus has included in appendix II of CITES Schedule Several species of forest and hill snakes are existing in Rajeshpur because of its close location to the Indian Tripura (alotes versicolor Varanus bengalensis Gekko gecko Mabuya carinata are widely distributed in that area (oluber mucosus and Naja naja are included in the appendix II of CITES Schedule whilst Varanus bengalensis and Varanus ffavescens in appendix I Under the family Bataguridae 3 species of turtle such as Black Pond Turtle (Geocfamys hamiltonii) Median Roofed Turtle (Kachuga tentoria) and Indian Black Turtle (Melanochelys trijuga) are locally endangered species Globally vulnerable Indian Eyed Turtle (Morenia peters) and Median Roofed Turtle (Kachuga tentoria) have been recorded

Presence of 10 species of doves and pigeons were very important Orthotomus sutorius Bradypterus luteoventris Hippolais caigat and Phylfoscopus affinis were observed in the bushy area 35 (27343) species of birds are migratory and 93 (72657) are resident Of the total 128 species of birds 8 species representing the order Piciformes 1 for Upupiformes 5 for Coraciiformes 13 for Cucuiformes 2 Psittaciformes 1 for Apodiformes 7 for Strigiformes 8 for Cuculiformes 1 for Apodiformes 6 for Strigiformes 10 for Columbiformes 1 Gruiformes 23 Cicoriiiformes and 65 species for Passeriformes 1 species of Leporidae (Hystrix indica) and 1 of Hystricid (Lepus nigricoffis) have been recorded there and both of this species are treated as globally endangered

Under primates of the class MammaliaMacaca assamensis and Macaca mulatta are the globally vulnerable and lower risk animal respectively Mus booduga Mus musculus and Rattus rattus are widely distributed

The list of Amphibians Reptiles Birds and Mammals found at the site are given Table 234 and 5 respectively

6 I

8NTFPs

The major gro~h over the area is degraded Sal Recently cane has been planted underneath These are growing well In near future the cane is expected to be a good NTFP for the area in questIon

9 Economic values

Though the direct value of the tree growth is not that high but its intangible values are enormous especially as a site of outing to the city dwellers of Comilla In the district of Comilla this is an important and most conspicuous site for recreation It is attracting more and

Sal forest patch at Rajeshpurmore people every day It has a hIgh value In the context of environment as well

10 Existing Management of the Ecosystem

At present the main thrust is protection Some under planting of cane has been under taken No harvest IS done now A small patch near the beat office has a plantation of Cashue Nut These are sold In auction for collecting the nuts

11 Human Interventions

This sie has a growth of degraded Sallri the past it had good vegetative cover whkh included the thl~k under growth That habitat used to harbor a number of wild lives in abundance These have dIsappeared with time due to pouching and loss of habitat At present under the serious shortage of fuel wood in and around the area the local people around this forest very often come in~o this small patch of forest and collect fuel wood They often cut down the branches and at tIme even trees ColI~ction of leaves that fall on the ground by sweeping is a regular f~ature Thus the forest floor IS completely devoid of any litter Human pressure is definitely very hIgh

12 Existing trends

The prevailing trend in the area is two fold The local people come in to collect leaves branches and tIme even tre~s despIte the watching and guarding by the FD officials in force The city dwellers from ComIlia come here for rest recreation and sight seeing

7 I

13 Land Use Pattern This forest has a large number of small fragmented pieces of agricultural land These agricultural lands are intermingled with the fragmented forest patchesThere village nearby

Thus this area has all the common land-use practices such as agriculture forestry pond fisheries orchards housing etc that are commonly noticed in Bangladesh

14Community Livelihood The adjoining communities are mostly agricultural Along wit~ the farming acti~ities some of the people run petty businesses They have horticultural plants In and around their

rIWamp~~~

Peoples collecting follen leaves from the forest floor a common scenario at the sal forests

homesteads Some have small ponds which they use for growing fish in a very small scale Recently as the visitors have started to visit the site these community are gradually getting

involved in selling small local cottage products as well

15Threats to Ecosystem The most serious threat to the given ecosystem is the human interference in form of the collection of fuel wood including the leaves Almost every year these are fire hazards in this forest patch Some time the local community intentionally lit the fire in the hope to have a

better growth of grassy vegetation

8 I

16 Potentials of Ecosystem

This given patch of forest is small and cannot be managed for harvesting forest produces such as wood etc But because of its vicinity to the urban area this has a very high potential of serving as recreation site The major management goal should be to develop the site in such a manner so that it attracts wild lives especially the birds This site possesses high potential to attract birds of various species The prospect of eco-tourism is quite high

17 Recommendations

This site should be taken up for eco-tourism and necessary facilities required for the purpose may be inculcated The local people should be involved in the whole process so that they get a feeling of ownership to this forest and they can understand that conservation of these sites will bring in benefits to them on a sustainable basis Government should take up programs to develop this forest as an eco-tourism site

Co-management under a participatory concept coupled with the enforcement of law should be the target so that the eco-tourism can flourish in this site

Table 1 List of plant species recorded from Rajeshpur Sal Forest Comilla

SI No Species Family Habit Occurrence

l Acacia auriculiformis Mimosaceae Tree Planted

2 Amangium Mimosaceae Tree Planted

3 Adhatoda vasica Acanthaceae Shrub Cultivated

4 Ageratum conyzoides Asteraceae Herb Common

5 Albizia lebbeck Mimosaceae Tree Planted

6 Aprocera Mimosaceae Tree Planted

7 Alstonia scholaria Apocynaceae Thee Common

8 Ammania baccifera Lythraceae Herb Not very common

9 Anacardium occidentale Anacardiaceae Tree Planted

10 Ananas comosus Bromeliaceae Herb Cultivated

11 Aporosa dioica Euphorbiaceae Tree Not very common

12 Aquilaria agallocha Thymeliaceae Tree Planted

13 Artocarpus heterophyllus Moraceae Tree Planted

14 Averrhoa carambola Averrhoaceae Tree Planted

15 Axonopus compress us Poaceae Herb Common

16 Bombax ceiba Bombacaceae Tree Planted Table continued

--l 9

51 No Species Family Habit OccurrenceHabit OccurrenceFamilySINo Species 52 Leucas lavandulifolia Lamiaceae Herb Common

Poaceae Grass Planted 17 Bambusa baJcooa 53 Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae Tree Planted

Grass Planted 18 Bambusa polymorpha Poaceae 54 Melastoma malabathricum Melastomaceae Shrub Very common

Grass Planted 55 Merremia umbellata Convolvulaceae Climber CommonBambusa tulda Poaceae

Pal mae Tree Common 56 Microcos paniculata Tiliaceae Tree Very common 19

20 Borassus flabellifer Herb Common 57 Mikania scandens Asteraceae Herb Very common Rubiaceae21 Borreria hispida

58 Mimosa pudica Mimosaceae Herb CommonShrub CommonCaesalpinaceae22 Caesalpinia crista 59 Morinda angustifolia Rubiaceae S hrub Not very common

Climber PlantedPalmae23 Calamus guruba 60 Nelsonia canescens Acanthaceae Herb Common Tree Not very common Lecythidaceae24 Careya arborea 61 Oxalis corniculata Oxalidaceae Herb Common Tree Planted

Chikrassia tabularis Meliaceae 62 Phoenix sylvestris Palmae Tree Planted Herb Very common

25 Poaceae 63 Phyllanthus embelica Euphorbiaceae Tree Planted26 Chrysopogon aciculatus

Shrub Common 64 Psidium guajava Myrtaceae Tree PlantedVerbenaceaeClerodendrum viscosum 27 65 Psychotria calocarpa Rubiaceae Shrub CommonHerb CommonCommelinaceae28 Commelina benghalensis 66 Pteris vittata Pteridaceae Fern CommonClimber Planted

29 Daemonorops jenkinsiana Arecaceae 67 Randia dumetorum Rubiaceae Shrub Common

Tree CommonFabaceaeDalbergia stipulacea 30 68 Rumex maritimus Polyonaceae Herb Not common Climber Not very ommon Dilleniaceae3l Delima sarmentosa 69 Rungia pectinata Acanthaceae Herb Common Tree Planted

32 Delonix regia Caesalpinialteae 70 Samanea saman Mimosaceae Tree Planted

Fabaceae Herb Common 71 Scoparia dulcis Scrophulariaceae Herb Common33 Desmodium heterophyllum Herb Common 72 Shorea robusta Dipterocarpaceae Tree DominantPoaceae34 Digittaria sanguinalis

73 Smilax macrophylla Smilacaceae Climber CommonClimber CommonDioscoreaceae35 Dioscorea pentaphylla 74 Swietenia mahagoni Meliaceae Tree PlantedTree PlantedDipterocarpaceae36 Dipterocarpus turbinatus 75 Syzygium cumini Myrtaceae Tree Planted

Polipodiaceae Epiphyte Common 37 Drynaia quercifolia 76 Syzygium fruticosum Myrtaceae Tree Common

Tree Not very common Fabaceae38 Erythrina variegata 77 Tabebuia rosea Bignoniaceae Tree Planted Tree Planted

39 Eucalyptus camaldulensis Myrtaceae 78 Tabernaemontana divaricata Apocynaceae Shrub Common

Asteraceae Shrub Very common 79 Tamarindus indicus Caesalpinaceae Tree Planted40 Eupatorium odoratum Tree Planted 80 Terminalia belerica Combretaceae Tree PlantedMoraceae41 Ficus lachooka

81 T chebula Combretaceae Tree PlantedShrub CommonFlacourtiaceae42 Flacourtia indica 82 Urena lobata Malvaceae Herb Common

Guttiferae Tree Common 43 Garcinia cowa 83 Viscum orientalis Loranthaceae Parasite Common

Guttiferae Tree Rare 44 G lancaefolia 84 Zizyphus rugosa Rhamnaceae Shrub Common

Herb CommonAsteraceae45 Grangea madaraspatana

Asclepiadaceae Climber Common 46 Hemidesmus indicus

Shrub CommonApocynaceae

Tree Planted 47 Holarrhena antidysenterica

Dipterocarpaceae 48 Hopea odorata

49 Jchnocarpus frutescens Apocynaceae Climber Common

Shrub Very common Rubiaceae Shrub Very common

50 Ixora acuminata Rubiaceae

Shrub Common 50 Ixora acuminata

Rubiaceae51 Ixora parviflora Table continued

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ko g

ecko

W

all L

izar

d T

okkh

ak

VU

8

Hem

idac

tylu

s br

ooki

i H

ouse

Liz

ard

Tik

tiki

NO

Tab

le c

on

tinu

ed

SL

Ord

er

Fam

ily

Sci

entif

ic N

ame

Eng

lish

Nam

e Lo

cal N

ame

cN

o

III

IV

IV

C

III

5

iii

CC

c

IV

c

gt-c

III

2 ~

u a

I 0

CJ

0 V

I Z

Cgt

Z

Cgt

V

I w

u

u

_ u

I II

I

I_ u III

9

U

H

emid

acty

lus

fkav

iviri

dis

Co

mm

on

Hou

se L

izar

d 10

T

iktik

iA

gam

idae

N

OC

alot

es v

ersi

colo

r C

om

mo

n G

arde

n Li

zard

11

R

okto

-cho

sha

Sci

ncid

ae

NO

Mab

uya

carin

ata

Com

mon

Ski

nk

12

Var

anid

ae

Var

anus

ben

gale

nsis

B

enga

l Mo

nit

or

Anj

on

NO

13

G

ui S

hap

VU

Vara

nus

fJav

esce

ns

Yel

low

Mo

nit

or

14

Sho

na G

ui

Ser

pent

es

Typ

hlop

idae

EN

Ram

phot

yphl

ops

bram

inus

C

omm

on W

orm

Sna

ke15

D

um

ukh

a S

hap

NO

Typh

lops

por

rect

us S

lend

er

Wor

m S

nake

16

Du

mu

kha

Sha

p D

DC

olub

rida

e A

haet

ulJa

nas

utus

C

omm

on V

ine

Sna

ke17

La

odog

a S

hap

VU

Aha

etul

Ja p

rasi

na

Sho

rt-n

osed

Vin

e S

nake

18

Laod

oga

Sha

p D

DA

mph

iesm

a st

olat

a S

trip

ped

Kee

lbac

k 19

D

ora

Sha

p N

OA

ltret

ium

sch

isto

sum

O

live

Kee

lbac

k 20

M

aitt

a S

hap

NO

Chy

sope

lea

orna

te

Orn

ate

Fly

ing

Sna

ke21

K

alna

gini

EN

Col

uber

muc

osus

R

at S

nake

22

Dar

ajD

endr

elap

his

pict

us

VU

II

Pai

nted

Bro

nzeb

ack

Tree

Sna

ke23

G

echo

Sha

p VU

Den

drel

aphi

s tri

stis

C

om

mo

n B

ronz

ebac

k Tr

ee S

nake

24

Bet

Anc

hora

VU

Ela

phe

hele

na

Com

mon

Tri

nket

Sna

ke25

D

udhr

aj

ENE

laph

e ra

diat

a C

oppe

r H

ead

Tri

nket

Sna

ke

26

Dud

hraj

EN

Enh

ydris

enh

ydris

C

om

mo

n S

moo

th W

ater

Sna

ke27

P

aina

Sha

p N

OLy

eodo

n au

licus

C

om

mo

n W

olf

Sna

ke28

G

harg

inni

Sha

p V

UO

ligod

on a

lboc

inct

us

Whi

te-b

arre

d K

ukri

Sna

ke

29

DD

Olig

odon

arn

ensi

s C

omm

on K

ukri

Sna

ke

30

DD

Olig

odon

cin

ereu

s B

lack

-bar

red

Kuk

ri S

nake

31

DD

Olig

odon

theo

bald

i M

anda

lay

Kuk

ri S

nake

32

D

DPa

reas

mon

tical

u A

ssam

Sna

il E

ater

33

S

ham

uk-K

hor

DD

Psa

mm

odyn

aste

s pu

lver

ulen

tus

Mo

ckV

ipe

r34

P

ahar

i Sha

p D

DX

enoc

hrop

his

pisc

ator

C

heck

ered

Kee

lbac

k 35

D

hora

Sha

pE

lapi

dae

NO

Bun

garu

s ca

erul

eus

Com

mon

Kra

it 36

K

al K

eote

y EN

Bun

garu

s fa

scia

tus

Ban

ded

Kra

it 37

S

hank

ini S

hap

ENN

aja

kaou

thia

M

on

oce

llate

Cob

ra

38

Gok

hra

Sha

p VU

Naj

anaj

a B

inoc

ella

te C

obra

39

K

hoia

Gok

hra

ENV

iper

idae

1

1Tr

imer

esur

us a

lbol

abris

B

ambo

o P

it V

iper

40

J~

Vip

era

russ

ellii

Rus

sells

Vip

er

DD

C

hand

robo

ra

CR

Tabl

e 3

Bird

s o

f Raj

eshp

ur s

tudy

are

a l~

SL

Ord

er

Fam

ily

Sci

entif

ic N

ame

Eng

lish

Nam

e Lo

cal N

ame

~

III

III

No

C

5

C

iU

c-

g

III

C

gt-

0gt

-~

v -- C

-

II

I a

lO

1)

0

V

C

zg

zO

l

V

middotiii

wu

u~ ~

)

)

cIII

_u

_

u

U

1

Pic

iform

es

Pic

idae

C

eeu

s br

ochy

urus

R

ufou

s W

oodp

ecke

r La

lche

y K

atht

hokr

a R

N

O

2

Den

droc

opos

mac

ei

Fulv

ous-

bres

ted

Woo

dpec

ker

Pakr

a K

atht

hokr

a R

N

O

3

Den

droc

opo

sm

ahre

ttens

is

Yel

low

-fron

ted

Pie

d W

oodp

ecke

r Pa

kra

Kat

htho

kra

R

DO

4

ly

nx to

rqui

lla

Eur

asia

n W

ryne

ck

Met

ho K

atht

hokr

a M

5

D

inop

ium

java

nens

e C

omm

on F

lam

ebac

k R

N

O

6

Din

opiu

m b

engh

aen

se

Bla

ck-r

umpe

d Fl

ameb

ack

Kat

hokr

a R

N

O

7

Meg

alai

mid

ae

Meg

aai

ma

haem

acep

hala

C

oppe

rsm

ith B

arbe

t C

hoto

Bas

anta

Bau

ri R

N

O

8

Meg

aai

ma

inea

te

Line

ated

Bar

bet

Gur

khod

Beg

hbou

R

N

O

9

Upu

pifo

rmes

U

pupi

dae

Upu

pa e

pops

C

omm

on H

oopo

e H

udhu

d5

0lai

man

Pak

hi

R

NO

10

Cor

aciif

orm

es

Cor

aciid

ae

Cor

acia

s be

ngha

ens

is

Indi

an R

olle

r N

ilkan

tha

R

NO

11

Alc

edin

idae

A

lced

o at

this

C

omm

on K

ingf

ishe

r C

hoto

Maa

chra

nga

R

NO

12

H

alcy

on s

myr

nens

is

Whi

teth

roat

ed K

ingf

ishe

r M

aach

rang

a R

N

O

13

Meg

acer

ye

ugu

bris

P

ied

Kin

gfis

her

R

DO

14

M

erop

idae

M

erop

s or

ient

alis

G

reen

Bee

eate

r S

uich

ora

Ban

spat

i R

N

O

15

Cuc

ulifo

rmes

C

ucul

idae

C

acom

antis

mer

ulin

us

Plai

ntiv

e cu

ckoo

C

hata

kiS

orgo

m

R

NO

16

Cuc

uus

sat

urat

us

Orie

ntal

Cuc

koo

M

17

Cen

trip

odid

ae

Cen

tropu

s si

nens

is

Gre

ater

Cou

cal

Kan

akua

Cou

cal

R

NO

18

Ca

mat

or ja

cobi

nus

Pie

d C

ucko

o P

apiy

a R

N

O

19

Cuc

uus

mic

ropt

erus

lndi

an

Cuc

koo

Bou

-Kat

ha-K

ao P

akhi

R

N

O

20

Eud

ynam

ys sc

pa

cea

Asi

an C

ucko

o K

okil

Ku

kil

R

NO

2l

H

iero

cocc

yx v

ariu

s C

omm

on H

awk

Cuc

koo

Cho

khg

elo

Pakh

i R

N

O

22

Phae

nico

phae

us tr

istis

G

reen

-bill

ed M

alko

ha

Sab

uj K

okil

R

NO

23

Apo

difo

rmes

A

podi

dae

Cyp

siur

us b

aa

siens

is

Asi

an P

alm

Sw

ift

Nak

kati

R

NO

24

Stri

gifo

rmes

T

yton

idae

Ty

toa

ba

Bar

n O

wl

Laxm

i Pen

cha

R

NO

Tab

le c

ontin

ued

SL

Ord

er

Fam

ily

Sci

entif

ic N

ame

Eng

lish

Nam

e Lo

cal N

ame

~

No

II

I II

I

C

5

C

0

1 ]

III

~

cgt

shy~

vC

0

gt-

V

III

alO

i3

0

C

zOl

zO

l

V

middotiii

Wu~ u~

~II

I

)

)

c

_

u

_u

U

25

Stri

gida

e A

then

e br

oma

Spo

tted

Ow

let

Khu

rule

y Pe

ncha

R

N

O

26

Bub

o be

nga

ensi

s R

ock

Eag

le O

wl

Hut

um P

ench

a R

N

O

27

Ket

upa

zey

onen

sis

Bro

wn

Fish

Ow

l B

hutu

m P

ench

a R

VU

28

N

inox

scu

tua

ta

Bro

wn

Haw

k O

wl

Kup

okh

R

NO

29

Cap

rimul

gida

e C

aprim

ugu

s m

acru

rus

Larg

e-ta

iled

Nig

ht ja

r R

atch

ara

R

NO

30

Col

umbi

form

es C

olum

bida

e C

olum

ba i

via

Roc

k P

igeo

n J

alal

i Kab

utor

R

N

O

31

Duc

ua

aene

a G

reen

Im

peria

l Pig

eon

Dhu

mko

l R

D

O32

S

trept

ope

ia c

hin

ensis

S

potte

d D

ove

Tila

Ghu

ghu

R

NO

33

Stre

ptop

eia

dec

aoct

a E

uras

ian

Col

lare

d D

ove

Raj G

hugh

uD

hoba

l R

N

O

Ghu

ghu

34

Stre

ptop

eia

tran

queb

aric

a R

ed C

olla

red

Dov

e La

l Ghu

ghu

Jon

gla

R

NO

G

hugh

u35

Tr

eron

api

caud

a Pi

n-ta

iled

Gre

en P

igeo

n H

oria

lH

orik

ol

R

CR36

T

rero

n bi

cinc

ta

Ora

nge-

brea

sted

Gre

en P

igeo

n H

oria

lH

orik

ol

R

NO

37

Trer

on p

hoen

icop

tera

Y

ello

w-f

oote

d G

reen

Pig

eon

Hor

iallB

otko

l R

N

O38

Tr

eron

pom

pado

ra

Pom

pado

ur G

reen

Pig

eon

Cho

to H

oria

l R

N

O

39

Stre

ptop

elia

orie

ntal

is

Orie

ntal

Tur

tle D

ove

Ghu

ghu

M39

S

trept

ope

ia o

rient

ais

O

rient

al T

urtle

Dov

e G

hugh

u M

40

Gru

iform

es

Ral

lidae

A

mau

rorn

is p

hoen

icur

us

Whi

te-b

reas

ted

Wat

erhe

n D

ahuk

R

N

O

41

Cic

oniif

orm

es

Jaca

nida

e B

ronz

e-w

ing

ed Jlt

can

a R

o

42

Cha

radr

iidae

R

ed-I

middotta tt1~

Lap

(

o lt

=

43

Acc

ipltr

idae

44

~

-r

-$

-

_

~__~

-

bull _

45

~2--

--

c

46

~-~

~

Ju

l~

cSL

O

rder

Fa

mily

S

cien

tific

Nam

e E

nglis

h N

ame

Loca

l Nam

e II

I el

lel

lN

o

1l

3

III

i6

1l

c

ell

cc

gt

c ~~

II

I

el

l co

0

J

0 V

I

1l

Z

o-

Zo

-V

I w

v

v

el

l J

ill

cc

-v

2a

u

47

Milv

us m

igra

ns

Bla

ck K

ite

Bhu

bon

Chi

l R

N

O

48

Circ

us c

yane

us

Hen

Har

rier

M

49

Pan

dion

ha

iaet

us

Osp

rey

Mec

ho B

aaj

M

50

Falc

onid

ae

Falc

o ch

icqu

era

Red

-nec

ked

Falc

on

Tur

mut

i R

D

D

LR

51

Falc

o tin

nunc

ulus

C

omm

on K

estre

l M

52

P

hala

croc

orac

idae

P

hala

croc

orax

nig

er

Littl

e C

orm

oran

t P

aan-

kow

ri R

N

O

53

Ard

eida

e A

rdeo

la g

rayi

i Ind

ian

Pon

d H

eron

K

ani B

okK

ana

Bok

R

N

O

54

Bub

ulcu

s ib

is

Cat

tle E

gret

G

o-bo

k R

N

O

55

But

orid

es s

triat

us

Littl

e E

gret

C

hoto

Bok

R

N

O

56

Dup

etor

fav

icol

is

Bla

ck B

itter

n K

alo

Bok

R

D

D

57

Ixob

rych

us m

inut

us

Littl

e B

itter

n K

hude

y B

ok

R

DD

58

Ixob

rych

us s

inen

sis

Yel

low

Bitt

ern

Hol

dey

Bok

R

N

O

59

Mes

opho

yx in

term

edia

In

term

edia

te E

gret

M

aijla

Bok

R

N

O

60

Nyc

ticor

ax n

ictic

orax

B

lack

-cro

wne

d N

ight

Her

on

Waa

klN

ishi

Bok

R

N

O

61

Sco

lopa

cida

e A

ctiti

s hy

pole

ucos

C

omm

on S

andp

iper

M

62

Gal

inag

o ga

lina

go

Fant

ail S

nipe

K

ada-

khoc

ha

M

63

Gal

linag

o st

enur

a P

inta

il S

nipe

K

ada-

khoc

ha

M

64

P

asse

rifor

mes

Lan

iidae

La

nius

sch

ach

Long

-tai

led

Shr

ike

Bag

haT

iki

R

NO

65

Lani

us c

rista

tus

Bro

wn

Shr

ike

Bad

ami K

osha

i Pak

hi

M

66

Lani

us te

phro

notu

s G

reyb

acke

d S

hrik

e K

osha

i Pak

hi

M

67

Cor

vida

e C

orvu

s m

acro

rhyn

chos

Ju

ngle

Cro

w

Dan

r Ka

k R

N

O

68

Cor

vus

sple

nden

s H

ouse

Cro

w

Pat

i Kak

lKau

a R

N

O

69

Den

droc

itta

vaga

bund

a R

ufus

Tre

epie

H

anric

hach

aK

utum

R

N

O

70

Aeg

ithin

a tip

hia

Com

mon

lora

T

owfik

Fat

ikja

l R

N

O

71

Orio

lus

xant

hom

us

Bla

ck-h

eade

d O

riole

H

olde

y P

akhi

R

N

O

72

Dic

ruru

s ae

neus

B

ronz

ed D

rong

o C

hoto

Fin

gey

R

NO

Tab

le c

on

tin

ue

d

SL

Ord

er

Fam

ily

Sci

entif

ic N

ame

Eng

lish

Nam

e Lo

cal N

ame

c

III

No

el

l el

l 1

l

3

II

I i6

1

lc

el

l c

--c~ ~~

C

II

I 0

ell

J

0 V

IC

Ooshy

1l

Z

o-

VI

Zel

l w

v

v

J

III

J II

Icc

el

l -v

-v

U

73

Dic

urur

s m

acro

cerc

us

Bla

ck D

rong

o F

inge

y R

N

O

74

Arta

mus

fusc

us

Ash

y W

oods

wal

low

La

tora

R

N

O

75

Cor

acin

a m

acei

La

rge

Cuc

koos

hrik

e G

udhu

ka

R

NO

76

P

eric

roco

tus

cinn

amom

eus

Sm

all M

iniv

et

S~t

Sai

li R

N

O

77

Teph

rodo

rnis

pon

dice

rianu

s C

omm

on W

oods

hrik

e R

N

O

78

Rhi

pidu

ra a

lbic

olis

W

hite

-thr

oate

d Fa

ntai

l Le

jnac

hani

R

N

O

79

Mus

cica

pida

e C

opsy

chus

sau

laris

O

rient

al M

agpi

e R

obin

D

oelD

oina

chan

i R

N

O

80

Cul

icic

apa

ceyl

onen

sis

Gre

y-he

aded

Can

ary

Fly

catc

her

Fut

futi

R

NO

81

S

axic

olac

apra

ta

Pie

d B

usnc

hat

R

NO

82

C

haim

arro

rnis

leuc

ocep

halu

s W

hite

-cap

ped

Wat

er R

edst

art

M

83

Cyo

rnis

tick

ellia

e T

icke

lls B

lue

Fly

catc

her

M

84

Eum

yias

thal

assi

fa

Ver

dite

r F

lyca

tche

r M

85

Fi

cedu

la p

arva

R

ed-t

hroa

ted

Fly

catc

her

Lalb

ook

Cho

tok

M

86

Lusc

inia

cal

iope

S

iber

ian

Rub

yThr

oat

M

87

Lusc

inia

sve

cica

B

luet

hroa

t M

88

M

ontic

ola

solit

ariu

s B

lock

Roc

k Th

rush

M

89

S

axic

ola

torq

uata

C

omm

on S

tone

chat

M

90

Tu

rdus

uni

colo

r T

icke

lls T

hrus

h M

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Refere

Brandis D 1906lndian Trees Periodical Experts Book agency Delhi 767 pp

FAO 1988 Land Resources Approsal of Bangladesh for Agricultural Development Agroecolo(( I Regions ofBangladesh BGD81035 Technical Report 2570 pp

Heining RL 1925 Lists ofplants ofChittagong Collectorate and Hill Tracts Darjeeling India 84 pp

Nishat A Huq SMlmamul Barua Suvashis P Reza Ali AHM Khan Moniruzzaman A5 (eds)

2002 Bio-ecological Zones ofBangladeshIUCN Bangladesh Country Office 141 pp

Prain D 1903 Bengal plants Vol 1 amp2 Calcutta

1 I

  • cover amp back
  • Untitled
Page 2: Biodiversity of...Biodiversity of Rajeshpur Sal Forest, Comilla II I -Junaid K Choudhury Shekhar R Biswas M.Sazedullslam Oliur Rahman Sardar l\Iasir Uddin IUCN -The Wrold Conservation

b roduced in hole or in part and in any from for The materials In this publication may e rep I f m the copyright holder provided

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hmiddot b k d the presentation of the material do not The designation of geographical entities In t IS OOth an t of IUCN concerning the legal status of

f ion whatsoever on e par imply the expresslon 0 any OPfl~ d t tion or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or any country territory area or 0 ItS a minis ra

boundaries

This publication may not be resold or used formiddot any other commercial purpose without the prior

written permission of IUCN Bangladesh

IUCN Bangladesh Country Office published by

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copy 2004IUCN -The World Conservation Union Copyright

Reproduction of this publication for educational or ~ther non- commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged

ChoudhuryJ K Biswas S Rlslam SM RahmanOand Uddin S N Citation (2004) Biodiversity of Rajeshpur Sal Forest Comilla IUCN Bangladesh

Country Office Dhaka Bangladesh iv+ 21 PP

Junaid K Choudhury Compilation and Editing M Khairul Alam Shekhar R Biswas

984-32-1995-8ISBN

Shekhar R Biswas and Sheikh Asaduzzaman Cover Design and Layout

Junaid K ChoudhuryPhotographs

Rico PrintersPrinted by

IUCN -The World Conservation Union Available from

Bangladesh Country Office House 11 Road 138 Gulshan-1 Dhaka- 1212 Bangladesh Tel 880-2-9890395 9890423 Fax 880-2-9892854 E-mail infoiucnbdorg

Foreword

In Bangladesh as elsewhere in the third world the process of ecosystem destruction and the resultant environmental damage have been escalating alarminingly in the recent years The destruction of natural ecosystems goes hand in hand with drastic reduction of biodiversity which in the long term hampers the quality of life as we as economic development As an obligation under the CBD and for better management of the biodiversity resources Bangladesh is now preparing its National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan A bottom-up approach has been strictly resorted to during the preparation of the plan People from different part of the country volunteered opinons their neighbouring ecosystems about with their corresponding biodiversity Since the plan will be based on peoples perceptions of opinion ground truithing is considered a must for verify the feedbackmiddotrecived Thus it has been decided that ecosystem survey within few representative ecosystem need to be conducted Since the study is expected to focus on the complex issue of ecosystem status the study team members were selected from different fields of specialization who possessed sufficient experience of working in the natural ecosystems The study was confined within the following disturbed but ecologically important natural ecosystems of Bangladesh

Shatchari Habiganj A site of importance since the area still carries the remnants some important indigenous flora and fauna

Jafiong Sylhet This ecosystem of fresh water streams is settled stone bed which is being destroyed due to large-scale stone quarrying A seriously degraded site

Ratargul Sylhet It is a fresh water wetland ecosystem This site may be the largest Patipata growing habitat that also had groves of Hijal and Koroch trees Over extraction and mismanagement have affected the ecosystem most adversely The area has been suffering increasing exposure to visitors lately

iii I

Tilagarh Sylhet This is a small forest patch located suburbs Sylhet divisional head quarters

Rajeshpur Comilla This is the southern most habitat of natural Sal in the Indian sub-continent Most of the natural Sal forest has disappeared Only remnants are visible now

Dulahazara Safari Park Coxs Bazar The area has recently been delineated and declared as a Protected Area by the Forest Department in an attempt towards the conservation of its habitat and the resident wild animals This site is also known as the natural home of Dipterocarpus spp in Bangladesh

These are considered as one of the richest ecosystem category as regards biodiversity in Bangladesh Most of such diversities are not known to the outsiders and not at all well documented Moreover with the increasing population and the passage of time biodiversities are depleting at a rapid rate Most of these valuable national resources have already vanished from their sites of origin and many more are in various stages of extinction

It is expected that the findings of this study will help readers understand the dynamics of the diverse natural ecosystems in general and the trends of the biodiversity there Moreover the findings of the study will also provide ample food for thought for the planners while theyve formulating biodiversity conservation andor resource management plans and development policies The findings of this study will also serve as a baseline for the scientists development workers and students affording insights about the ecosystem

Dhaka Ainun Nishat May 2004 Country Representative

IUCN Bangladesh Country Office

iv I

Table of Con ents

Page No

1 Background

2 Methodology

3 Physiography and climate 3

4 Bio-zone 4

5 Existing ecosystem 5

6 Flora 5

7 Fauna 6

8 NTFPs 7

9 Economic values 7

10 Existing management of the ecosystem 7

11 Human interventions 7

12 EXisting trend 7

13 Land use pattern 8

14 Community livelihood 8

15 Threats to the ecosystem 8

16 Potentials of the ecosystem 9

17 Recommendations 9

1 Background

The small natural patch of Sal (Shorea robusta) at Rajeshpur under Comilla Social Forestry Division is the southern most natural habitat of Sal Though the growing stock is not good but is important because of its natural occurrence and eco-tourism services to the city dwellers of Comilla FD has developed some basic facilities for the visitors and has thus become an attraction to the one-day holyday makers The site is located at about 30 Km on the South South-East of Comilla town One can drive down this site and is usually treated as a picnic spot Administrative location of the site is under upazilla Chouddagram and district Comilla

INDEX TO ADJOINING THANAS

lOJO E

Legend forest Area Ksect]

BeefDepressed Area ~

lITIHillHillocks ~

FENI Map ofRajeshplI ~II I

This area is a small patch of degraded natural sal forest in the District of Com ilia At pr 111 1Iii is gradually gaining importance as a pick nick spot for the Comilla city dwellers

Comilla Forest Division was created in 1962 Before that this area was under the conlrol nl Chittagong Forest Division This area has been notified under section 4 of Forest ACl I97 I d

proposed Reserved Forest in year 1958 vide notification nu mber 1809 Fro dated 0 toh r ) 1958 Proclamation under section 6 of the Forest Act has been issued on October 29 I ~nr covering an area of 39628 acres Though the reservation process is on going as per the x i ~ til1(

rules and norms the Com ilia Forest Division is managing it as Reserved Forest In the Plt r lh importance of this forest was not realized as it is being felt today under the growing dern and for recreational sites and present concept of eco-tourism

2 Methodology

The study have been broadly divided into three parts viz collection of secondary information collection of primary information and finally data interpretation and report writing

--- 1

Step 1 Collection of secondary information

Available information the maps and relevant information about the selected study sites were collected as far as possible

Step 2 Collection of primary information

Floral diversity

We visited the ecosystem During these visits the flora found in the ecosystem were observed and noted This technique is chosen after consideration of feasibility of working in the natural forest economy and availability of time as described by Ray (1993) Their relative abundances were estimated while walking through the given ecosystem The heights of the top canopy were noted The forest management and related forestry aspects were noted Trees were identified and any specialized character or peculiarities of the vegetation were noted For proper identification of the species specimens have been collected and these materials are pressed so that herbarium sheets may be prepared and the species are properly identified later The soil water regime aspects GPS and related things were observed and noted The trees were identified following Heining (1925) Brandis (1906) and Prain (1903) Taxonomic literatures were consulted for correct nomenclature of the taxa

Faunal diversity

Data collection was based on the direct animal observation in the field However where the animal is not immediately available or it was difficult to locate or trace observations were made on foot print trailing tracks burrows nest animal holes carves on the tree trunks or fruits made by the animals etc For obtaining a better idea of the existing nocturnal faunal population with respect to species and abundance some observations were taken during early parts of the night Some observations were taken during the early hours of the morning and during the sunset times (evening hours) especially to note the bird species and their abundance Some affords were made to see the snakes if any Flying birds were also taken into account Besides local people were interviewed to ascertain the existence and to assess the states the animals In addition other techniques like photo flashing spot lighting sound tracking etc were used where necessary Uses of binoculars were made when necessary Animals were identified up to species level Standard field books field manuals notebooks were used for the identification process The species which were not possible to identify in the field brought with proper labeling for its subsequent identification

Ecosystem in general

Detailed discussions were held with the local forest staff officials neighboring community and experienced persons for obtaining information about the ecosystem especially to identify the threats and potentials With the help and assistance of the local forest staff and officials a few of the local old well conversant and knowledgeable personnel living in and around the ecosystem were invited for discussion

2 I

Collection of secondary information

Collection of primary information

Literature review

Field visit

Discussion

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Background

Maps

History

Bio-zone findings

Physiography and climate

Human interventions

Potentialities

Floral diversity

Faunal diversity

Ecosystem status

Threats

Economic value

Human intervention

Potentialities

Data analysis

Ecosystem survey activities outline

3 Physiography and climate

The topography of the site is raised flat land th r adjoining lands are paddy fields wherein m t~1 ved s ~gh undulations here and there The site in general is roughly above ~O teet f degtSh y ram e nce IS grown by puddling the soil The

rom e mean sea level

3 I

The soil of the site that we visited is reddish in color since it has some iron ores The soil is very hard when dry and become very soft and sticky when wet We have estimated from the vegetation over there that this soil is more acidic then that we normally encounter in our agricultural fields Since the locals remove most of the liters from forest floor for use as fuel the soil has tremendous shortage of humusThe soil fertility looks to be very low

The area in general has a few small canals but none has the perennial stream flow This speaks of the poor water regime that this area in general experiences The site under the forest being small in size do not have any impact on the water regime but there is microclimatic impact of the tree cover at the site The temperature inside the forest is lower than its surrounding More over since the stocking is poor and since the major cover is composed of deciduous species its contribution towards the water regime is of no notable significance

The climate is tropical in general The average rainfall ranges between 2030 and 2290 mm and the temperature is maximum 33degC and minimum 10degC The nearest weather station is at Comilla According to the Statistical Year Book 1999 at this station (Comilla) the average annual rainfall is 2079 mm the maximum monthly average temperature is 33degC in July and the minimum monthly average temperature is 117degC in January The humidity is highest in July (90) and lowest in February (77)The rainfall however is not well distributed through out the

year

4 Biozone According to Nishat et al (2002) this area is under the Bio-Ecological Zone - 9c It has been designated as Lalmai-Tipperah Hills According to Bangladesh agro ecological zoning (FAO 1988) this site is under Region 22 designated as Northern and Eastern Piedmont Plains These areas are supposed to be subjected to more of flash floods The texture of the soil in general is supposed to be sandy loam to silty clay and more acidic than the adjoining

ecological zones

According to the Bio-Ecological Zone of Bangladesh published by IUCN this area has been designated as Zone 9c under the name Lalmai-Tipperah Hills The expected floral and faunal composition in this zone is expected to be as

under

Flora Trees Sal (Shorea robusta) Sonalu (Cassia fistula) Kanthal (Artocarpus heterophyllus)Taal (Borassus flabellifer) Shrubs and herbs Bhant (Clerodendrum viscosum) Assam Lata (Mikania scandens) Shothi (Curcuma zeodaria) Motkila

(Glycosmis arboreal

FaunaMammals Indian porcupine (Hystrix indica) Rufous-tailed hare (Lepus nigricollis) Indian false vampire (Megaderma

lyra) Indian pygmy pipistrelle (Pipistrellus mimus) BirdsWhite-rumped Shama (Copsychus malabaricus) Lesser necklaced laughing thrush (Garrulax moniliger) Reptiles Cantors kukri snake (Oygodon cyclurus) Common wolf snake (Lycodon aulicus) Indian eyed turtle (Morenia

petersi)middot _ Amphibians Bull frog (Hopobatrachus tigerinus) Cricket frog (Limnonectes limnocharis)

4 I

5 Existing Ecosystem

T~e site that we ~isited may be treated as on ecosystem The growing stock of degraded sal is t e top canop~ ~I~ce a couple years back the FD has started to under plant cane in between the sa~The adJomlng comm~~ity often collects the liters of dry sal leaves Virtually there was no un ergrowt~ when we VISited the site in the month of March During monsoon eriods however these sites get some undergrowth ofvarious mixed species p

Among the he~baceous taxa Ageratum conyzoides Axonopus compressus Borrerria his ida Chrysopogon aCiculatus Desmodium heterophylum and Leucas lavandulifolia are more com~on ~h~bs ~~monIY obse~ved mcl~des Clerodendrum viscosum Eupatorium odoratum Flacourti In I~a 0 arrhena antldysentenca Ixora acuminata Melastoma melabatrhicum Microcos panJc~ata Psychotna calocarpa Randia dumetorum and Zizyphus rugosa Som I b seen In the forest t f h h e c 1m ers are ou 0 w IC Hemldesmus in dicus Ichnocarpus frutescens and Smilax

~~cr~carp~ a~~ ver~ common Plantation of Kajubadam (Anacardium occidantalis) Akasmoni theaf~~e~t~ncu I ormls) and Mangium (Acacia mangium) has done successfully in some part of

Th~ fo~est i~ well protected fro~ illegal felling and encroachment The plantations of Acacia aur~culIforlsal~d A manglUm raise as participatory plantation by Forest Department are being mhamtalme we Now the FD is also raising plantations of Rattan (Calumus guruba) underneath t e sa

6 Flora

~~ forest is ~f ~e~id~ous type dominated by only Sal (Shorea robusta) The forest is less diverse 40 caTnopy elg to the forest ranges from 15-20 m and canopy coverage is apprOXimately

0 70 rees are mainly result of regeneration of coppice from old trees and therefore most of the trees are not straight but deformed The mode of regeneration is not good and most of the saplings are suffering from dieback In the past there were other tree species mixed with Sal The undergrowth of the forest is very poor Only few shrubs and herbs are found and they have

-

Effect ofrepeated burning on Shorea seedling

been suffering from drought and low fertility of the soil Rajashpur Sal forest with an area of ca 587 ha is the largest chunk of natural Sal forest in Com ilia

The important tree species of Rajeshpur forest are Shorea robusta Acacia auriculiformis A mangium and Anacardium occidentalis Fruit yielding plants such as Ananas comosus Artocarpus heterophyffus Garcinia cowa Mangifera indica and Syzygium cumini have been encountered in adjoining localities Some species of plants that are used by the locals for medicine viz Eupatorium odoratum Hemidesmus indicus Holarrhena antidysenterica and Mikania scandensl have been encountered during our survey A total of 84 species were recorded from this forest and its surroundings of which 30 species are either introduced or plated A list of the species that we have found during this survey on March 92004 is given in Table 1

7 Fauna

A total of 6 (2955) amphibians 40 (19704) reptiles 128 (63054) birds and 29 (140285) mammals have been recorded in Rajeshpur

Hoplobatrachus tigerinus has included in appendix II of CITES Schedule Several species of forest and hill snakes are existing in Rajeshpur because of its close location to the Indian Tripura (alotes versicolor Varanus bengalensis Gekko gecko Mabuya carinata are widely distributed in that area (oluber mucosus and Naja naja are included in the appendix II of CITES Schedule whilst Varanus bengalensis and Varanus ffavescens in appendix I Under the family Bataguridae 3 species of turtle such as Black Pond Turtle (Geocfamys hamiltonii) Median Roofed Turtle (Kachuga tentoria) and Indian Black Turtle (Melanochelys trijuga) are locally endangered species Globally vulnerable Indian Eyed Turtle (Morenia peters) and Median Roofed Turtle (Kachuga tentoria) have been recorded

Presence of 10 species of doves and pigeons were very important Orthotomus sutorius Bradypterus luteoventris Hippolais caigat and Phylfoscopus affinis were observed in the bushy area 35 (27343) species of birds are migratory and 93 (72657) are resident Of the total 128 species of birds 8 species representing the order Piciformes 1 for Upupiformes 5 for Coraciiformes 13 for Cucuiformes 2 Psittaciformes 1 for Apodiformes 7 for Strigiformes 8 for Cuculiformes 1 for Apodiformes 6 for Strigiformes 10 for Columbiformes 1 Gruiformes 23 Cicoriiiformes and 65 species for Passeriformes 1 species of Leporidae (Hystrix indica) and 1 of Hystricid (Lepus nigricoffis) have been recorded there and both of this species are treated as globally endangered

Under primates of the class MammaliaMacaca assamensis and Macaca mulatta are the globally vulnerable and lower risk animal respectively Mus booduga Mus musculus and Rattus rattus are widely distributed

The list of Amphibians Reptiles Birds and Mammals found at the site are given Table 234 and 5 respectively

6 I

8NTFPs

The major gro~h over the area is degraded Sal Recently cane has been planted underneath These are growing well In near future the cane is expected to be a good NTFP for the area in questIon

9 Economic values

Though the direct value of the tree growth is not that high but its intangible values are enormous especially as a site of outing to the city dwellers of Comilla In the district of Comilla this is an important and most conspicuous site for recreation It is attracting more and

Sal forest patch at Rajeshpurmore people every day It has a hIgh value In the context of environment as well

10 Existing Management of the Ecosystem

At present the main thrust is protection Some under planting of cane has been under taken No harvest IS done now A small patch near the beat office has a plantation of Cashue Nut These are sold In auction for collecting the nuts

11 Human Interventions

This sie has a growth of degraded Sallri the past it had good vegetative cover whkh included the thl~k under growth That habitat used to harbor a number of wild lives in abundance These have dIsappeared with time due to pouching and loss of habitat At present under the serious shortage of fuel wood in and around the area the local people around this forest very often come in~o this small patch of forest and collect fuel wood They often cut down the branches and at tIme even trees ColI~ction of leaves that fall on the ground by sweeping is a regular f~ature Thus the forest floor IS completely devoid of any litter Human pressure is definitely very hIgh

12 Existing trends

The prevailing trend in the area is two fold The local people come in to collect leaves branches and tIme even tre~s despIte the watching and guarding by the FD officials in force The city dwellers from ComIlia come here for rest recreation and sight seeing

7 I

13 Land Use Pattern This forest has a large number of small fragmented pieces of agricultural land These agricultural lands are intermingled with the fragmented forest patchesThere village nearby

Thus this area has all the common land-use practices such as agriculture forestry pond fisheries orchards housing etc that are commonly noticed in Bangladesh

14Community Livelihood The adjoining communities are mostly agricultural Along wit~ the farming acti~ities some of the people run petty businesses They have horticultural plants In and around their

rIWamp~~~

Peoples collecting follen leaves from the forest floor a common scenario at the sal forests

homesteads Some have small ponds which they use for growing fish in a very small scale Recently as the visitors have started to visit the site these community are gradually getting

involved in selling small local cottage products as well

15Threats to Ecosystem The most serious threat to the given ecosystem is the human interference in form of the collection of fuel wood including the leaves Almost every year these are fire hazards in this forest patch Some time the local community intentionally lit the fire in the hope to have a

better growth of grassy vegetation

8 I

16 Potentials of Ecosystem

This given patch of forest is small and cannot be managed for harvesting forest produces such as wood etc But because of its vicinity to the urban area this has a very high potential of serving as recreation site The major management goal should be to develop the site in such a manner so that it attracts wild lives especially the birds This site possesses high potential to attract birds of various species The prospect of eco-tourism is quite high

17 Recommendations

This site should be taken up for eco-tourism and necessary facilities required for the purpose may be inculcated The local people should be involved in the whole process so that they get a feeling of ownership to this forest and they can understand that conservation of these sites will bring in benefits to them on a sustainable basis Government should take up programs to develop this forest as an eco-tourism site

Co-management under a participatory concept coupled with the enforcement of law should be the target so that the eco-tourism can flourish in this site

Table 1 List of plant species recorded from Rajeshpur Sal Forest Comilla

SI No Species Family Habit Occurrence

l Acacia auriculiformis Mimosaceae Tree Planted

2 Amangium Mimosaceae Tree Planted

3 Adhatoda vasica Acanthaceae Shrub Cultivated

4 Ageratum conyzoides Asteraceae Herb Common

5 Albizia lebbeck Mimosaceae Tree Planted

6 Aprocera Mimosaceae Tree Planted

7 Alstonia scholaria Apocynaceae Thee Common

8 Ammania baccifera Lythraceae Herb Not very common

9 Anacardium occidentale Anacardiaceae Tree Planted

10 Ananas comosus Bromeliaceae Herb Cultivated

11 Aporosa dioica Euphorbiaceae Tree Not very common

12 Aquilaria agallocha Thymeliaceae Tree Planted

13 Artocarpus heterophyllus Moraceae Tree Planted

14 Averrhoa carambola Averrhoaceae Tree Planted

15 Axonopus compress us Poaceae Herb Common

16 Bombax ceiba Bombacaceae Tree Planted Table continued

--l 9

51 No Species Family Habit OccurrenceHabit OccurrenceFamilySINo Species 52 Leucas lavandulifolia Lamiaceae Herb Common

Poaceae Grass Planted 17 Bambusa baJcooa 53 Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae Tree Planted

Grass Planted 18 Bambusa polymorpha Poaceae 54 Melastoma malabathricum Melastomaceae Shrub Very common

Grass Planted 55 Merremia umbellata Convolvulaceae Climber CommonBambusa tulda Poaceae

Pal mae Tree Common 56 Microcos paniculata Tiliaceae Tree Very common 19

20 Borassus flabellifer Herb Common 57 Mikania scandens Asteraceae Herb Very common Rubiaceae21 Borreria hispida

58 Mimosa pudica Mimosaceae Herb CommonShrub CommonCaesalpinaceae22 Caesalpinia crista 59 Morinda angustifolia Rubiaceae S hrub Not very common

Climber PlantedPalmae23 Calamus guruba 60 Nelsonia canescens Acanthaceae Herb Common Tree Not very common Lecythidaceae24 Careya arborea 61 Oxalis corniculata Oxalidaceae Herb Common Tree Planted

Chikrassia tabularis Meliaceae 62 Phoenix sylvestris Palmae Tree Planted Herb Very common

25 Poaceae 63 Phyllanthus embelica Euphorbiaceae Tree Planted26 Chrysopogon aciculatus

Shrub Common 64 Psidium guajava Myrtaceae Tree PlantedVerbenaceaeClerodendrum viscosum 27 65 Psychotria calocarpa Rubiaceae Shrub CommonHerb CommonCommelinaceae28 Commelina benghalensis 66 Pteris vittata Pteridaceae Fern CommonClimber Planted

29 Daemonorops jenkinsiana Arecaceae 67 Randia dumetorum Rubiaceae Shrub Common

Tree CommonFabaceaeDalbergia stipulacea 30 68 Rumex maritimus Polyonaceae Herb Not common Climber Not very ommon Dilleniaceae3l Delima sarmentosa 69 Rungia pectinata Acanthaceae Herb Common Tree Planted

32 Delonix regia Caesalpinialteae 70 Samanea saman Mimosaceae Tree Planted

Fabaceae Herb Common 71 Scoparia dulcis Scrophulariaceae Herb Common33 Desmodium heterophyllum Herb Common 72 Shorea robusta Dipterocarpaceae Tree DominantPoaceae34 Digittaria sanguinalis

73 Smilax macrophylla Smilacaceae Climber CommonClimber CommonDioscoreaceae35 Dioscorea pentaphylla 74 Swietenia mahagoni Meliaceae Tree PlantedTree PlantedDipterocarpaceae36 Dipterocarpus turbinatus 75 Syzygium cumini Myrtaceae Tree Planted

Polipodiaceae Epiphyte Common 37 Drynaia quercifolia 76 Syzygium fruticosum Myrtaceae Tree Common

Tree Not very common Fabaceae38 Erythrina variegata 77 Tabebuia rosea Bignoniaceae Tree Planted Tree Planted

39 Eucalyptus camaldulensis Myrtaceae 78 Tabernaemontana divaricata Apocynaceae Shrub Common

Asteraceae Shrub Very common 79 Tamarindus indicus Caesalpinaceae Tree Planted40 Eupatorium odoratum Tree Planted 80 Terminalia belerica Combretaceae Tree PlantedMoraceae41 Ficus lachooka

81 T chebula Combretaceae Tree PlantedShrub CommonFlacourtiaceae42 Flacourtia indica 82 Urena lobata Malvaceae Herb Common

Guttiferae Tree Common 43 Garcinia cowa 83 Viscum orientalis Loranthaceae Parasite Common

Guttiferae Tree Rare 44 G lancaefolia 84 Zizyphus rugosa Rhamnaceae Shrub Common

Herb CommonAsteraceae45 Grangea madaraspatana

Asclepiadaceae Climber Common 46 Hemidesmus indicus

Shrub CommonApocynaceae

Tree Planted 47 Holarrhena antidysenterica

Dipterocarpaceae 48 Hopea odorata

49 Jchnocarpus frutescens Apocynaceae Climber Common

Shrub Very common Rubiaceae Shrub Very common

50 Ixora acuminata Rubiaceae

Shrub Common 50 Ixora acuminata

Rubiaceae51 Ixora parviflora Table continued

10 I

l ~

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tha

R

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11

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idae

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lced

o at

this

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on K

ingf

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r C

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R

NO

12

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on s

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r M

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rang

a R

N

O

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acer

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her

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14

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s or

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alis

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eate

r S

uich

ora

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spat

i R

N

O

15

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rmes

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antis

mer

ulin

us

Plai

ntiv

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hata

kiS

orgo

m

R

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16

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17

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s si

nens

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ater

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cal

R

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18

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mat

or ja

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d C

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o P

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a R

N

O

19

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ha-K

ao P

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R

N

O

20

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pa

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an C

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s C

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on H

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i R

N

O

22

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R

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siens

is

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an P

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Sw

ift

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kati

R

NO

24

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toa

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Bar

n O

wl

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cha

R

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le c

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er

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ily

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26

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27

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Bro

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Fish

Ow

l B

hutu

m P

ench

a R

VU

28

N

inox

scu

tua

ta

Bro

wn

Haw

k O

wl

Kup

okh

R

NO

29

Cap

rimul

gida

e C

aprim

ugu

s m

acru

rus

Larg

e-ta

iled

Nig

ht ja

r R

atch

ara

R

NO

30

Col

umbi

form

es C

olum

bida

e C

olum

ba i

via

Roc

k P

igeo

n J

alal

i Kab

utor

R

N

O

31

Duc

ua

aene

a G

reen

Im

peria

l Pig

eon

Dhu

mko

l R

D

O32

S

trept

ope

ia c

hin

ensis

S

potte

d D

ove

Tila

Ghu

ghu

R

NO

33

Stre

ptop

eia

dec

aoct

a E

uras

ian

Col

lare

d D

ove

Raj G

hugh

uD

hoba

l R

N

O

Ghu

ghu

34

Stre

ptop

eia

tran

queb

aric

a R

ed C

olla

red

Dov

e La

l Ghu

ghu

Jon

gla

R

NO

G

hugh

u35

Tr

eron

api

caud

a Pi

n-ta

iled

Gre

en P

igeo

n H

oria

lH

orik

ol

R

CR36

T

rero

n bi

cinc

ta

Ora

nge-

brea

sted

Gre

en P

igeo

n H

oria

lH

orik

ol

R

NO

37

Trer

on p

hoen

icop

tera

Y

ello

w-f

oote

d G

reen

Pig

eon

Hor

iallB

otko

l R

N

O38

Tr

eron

pom

pado

ra

Pom

pado

ur G

reen

Pig

eon

Cho

to H

oria

l R

N

O

39

Stre

ptop

elia

orie

ntal

is

Orie

ntal

Tur

tle D

ove

Ghu

ghu

M39

S

trept

ope

ia o

rient

ais

O

rient

al T

urtle

Dov

e G

hugh

u M

40

Gru

iform

es

Ral

lidae

A

mau

rorn

is p

hoen

icur

us

Whi

te-b

reas

ted

Wat

erhe

n D

ahuk

R

N

O

41

Cic

oniif

orm

es

Jaca

nida

e B

ronz

e-w

ing

ed Jlt

can

a R

o

42

Cha

radr

iidae

R

ed-I

middotta tt1~

Lap

(

o lt

=

43

Acc

ipltr

idae

44

~

-r

-$

-

_

~__~

-

bull _

45

~2--

--

c

46

~-~

~

Ju

l~

cSL

O

rder

Fa

mily

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cien

tific

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nglis

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ame

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lel

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o

1l

3

III

i6

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c

ell

cc

gt

c ~~

II

I

el

l co

0

J

0 V

I

1l

Z

o-

Zo

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v

v

el

l J

ill

cc

-v

2a

u

47

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us m

igra

ns

Bla

ck K

ite

Bhu

bon

Chi

l R

N

O

48

Circ

us c

yane

us

Hen

Har

rier

M

49

Pan

dion

ha

iaet

us

Osp

rey

Mec

ho B

aaj

M

50

Falc

onid

ae

Falc

o ch

icqu

era

Red

-nec

ked

Falc

on

Tur

mut

i R

D

D

LR

51

Falc

o tin

nunc

ulus

C

omm

on K

estre

l M

52

P

hala

croc

orac

idae

P

hala

croc

orax

nig

er

Littl

e C

orm

oran

t P

aan-

kow

ri R

N

O

53

Ard

eida

e A

rdeo

la g

rayi

i Ind

ian

Pon

d H

eron

K

ani B

okK

ana

Bok

R

N

O

54

Bub

ulcu

s ib

is

Cat

tle E

gret

G

o-bo

k R

N

O

55

But

orid

es s

triat

us

Littl

e E

gret

C

hoto

Bok

R

N

O

56

Dup

etor

fav

icol

is

Bla

ck B

itter

n K

alo

Bok

R

D

D

57

Ixob

rych

us m

inut

us

Littl

e B

itter

n K

hude

y B

ok

R

DD

58

Ixob

rych

us s

inen

sis

Yel

low

Bitt

ern

Hol

dey

Bok

R

N

O

59

Mes

opho

yx in

term

edia

In

term

edia

te E

gret

M

aijla

Bok

R

N

O

60

Nyc

ticor

ax n

ictic

orax

B

lack

-cro

wne

d N

ight

Her

on

Waa

klN

ishi

Bok

R

N

O

61

Sco

lopa

cida

e A

ctiti

s hy

pole

ucos

C

omm

on S

andp

iper

M

62

Gal

inag

o ga

lina

go

Fant

ail S

nipe

K

ada-

khoc

ha

M

63

Gal

linag

o st

enur

a P

inta

il S

nipe

K

ada-

khoc

ha

M

64

P

asse

rifor

mes

Lan

iidae

La

nius

sch

ach

Long

-tai

led

Shr

ike

Bag

haT

iki

R

NO

65

Lani

us c

rista

tus

Bro

wn

Shr

ike

Bad

ami K

osha

i Pak

hi

M

66

Lani

us te

phro

notu

s G

reyb

acke

d S

hrik

e K

osha

i Pak

hi

M

67

Cor

vida

e C

orvu

s m

acro

rhyn

chos

Ju

ngle

Cro

w

Dan

r Ka

k R

N

O

68

Cor

vus

sple

nden

s H

ouse

Cro

w

Pat

i Kak

lKau

a R

N

O

69

Den

droc

itta

vaga

bund

a R

ufus

Tre

epie

H

anric

hach

aK

utum

R

N

O

70

Aeg

ithin

a tip

hia

Com

mon

lora

T

owfik

Fat

ikja

l R

N

O

71

Orio

lus

xant

hom

us

Bla

ck-h

eade

d O

riole

H

olde

y P

akhi

R

N

O

72

Dic

ruru

s ae

neus

B

ronz

ed D

rong

o C

hoto

Fin

gey

R

NO

Tab

le c

on

tin

ue

d

SL

Ord

er

Fam

ily

Sci

entif

ic N

ame

Eng

lish

Nam

e Lo

cal N

ame

c

III

No

el

l el

l 1

l

3

II

I i6

1

lc

el

l c

--c~ ~~

C

II

I 0

ell

J

0 V

IC

Ooshy

1l

Z

o-

VI

Zel

l w

v

v

J

III

J II

Icc

el

l -v

-v

U

73

Dic

urur

s m

acro

cerc

us

Bla

ck D

rong

o F

inge

y R

N

O

74

Arta

mus

fusc

us

Ash

y W

oods

wal

low

La

tora

R

N

O

75

Cor

acin

a m

acei

La

rge

Cuc

koos

hrik

e G

udhu

ka

R

NO

76

P

eric

roco

tus

cinn

amom

eus

Sm

all M

iniv

et

S~t

Sai

li R

N

O

77

Teph

rodo

rnis

pon

dice

rianu

s C

omm

on W

oods

hrik

e R

N

O

78

Rhi

pidu

ra a

lbic

olis

W

hite

-thr

oate

d Fa

ntai

l Le

jnac

hani

R

N

O

79

Mus

cica

pida

e C

opsy

chus

sau

laris

O

rient

al M

agpi

e R

obin

D

oelD

oina

chan

i R

N

O

80

Cul

icic

apa

ceyl

onen

sis

Gre

y-he

aded

Can

ary

Fly

catc

her

Fut

futi

R

NO

81

S

axic

olac

apra

ta

Pie

d B

usnc

hat

R

NO

82

C

haim

arro

rnis

leuc

ocep

halu

s W

hite

-cap

ped

Wat

er R

edst

art

M

83

Cyo

rnis

tick

ellia

e T

icke

lls B

lue

Fly

catc

her

M

84

Eum

yias

thal

assi

fa

Ver

dite

r F

lyca

tche

r M

85

Fi

cedu

la p

arva

R

ed-t

hroa

ted

Fly

catc

her

Lalb

ook

Cho

tok

M

86

Lusc

inia

cal

iope

S

iber

ian

Rub

yThr

oat

M

87

Lusc

inia

sve

cica

B

luet

hroa

t M

88

M

ontic

ola

solit

ariu

s B

lock

Roc

k Th

rush

M

89

S

axic

ola

torq

uata

C

omm

on S

tone

chat

M

90

Tu

rdus

uni

colo

r T

icke

lls T

hrus

h M

91

Zo

othe

ra c

itrin

e O

rang

e-he

aded

Thr

ush

M

92

Stu

rnid

ae

Acr

idot

here

s ci

nere

us

Whi

te-v

ente

d M

yna

R

DD

93

A

crid

othe

res

fusc

us

Jung

le M

yna

Jhut

i Sha

lik

R

NO

94

A

crid

othe

res

trist

is

Com

mon

Myn

a B

hat S

halik

R

N

O

95

Stu

rnus

con

tra

Asi

an P

ied

Sta~

ling

G

obre

y S

halik

Gu

Shal

ik

R

~O

96

Stu

rnus

mal

abar

icus

C

hest

nut-

taile

d S

tarli

ng

Kat

h S

halik

R

97

Hiru

ndin

idae

H

irund

o da

uric

a R

ed-r

umpe

d S

wal

low

A

babi

l 98

H

irund

o ru

stic

a B

arn

Sw

allo

w

Aba

bil

99

Par

idae

Pa

rus

maj

or

Gre

atT

it

J~

- z=

~ -

--

~_

--la

SL

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er

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ily

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entif

ic N

ame

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lish

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e Lo

cal N

ame

r

II

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CI

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I t

l

3

tl

C

c

CII

0

gt-

r

cgt

shyC

- CII

iO -

V

I v a

l 0

cI

0 t

l Z

Cl

ZC

l V

I ii

i v~ v~

UJ

IshyCI

I

a

-v

-v

U

100

P

ycno

notu

s ar

ticep

s B

lack

-hea

ded

Bul

bul

Kal

o B

ulbu

l R

N

O

101

P

ycno

notid

ae

Pyc

nono

tus

cafe

r R

ed-v

ente

d B

ulbu

B

ulbu

li R

N

O

102

P

ycno

notu

sjoc

osus

R

ed-w

hisk

ered

Bul

bul

Sip

ahi B

ulbu

li R

N

O

103

Z

oste

ropi

dae

Zost

erop

s pa

lpeb

rosu

s O

rient

al W

hite

-eye

S

het-

ankh

i R

N

O

104

S

ylvi

idae

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lcip

pe p

Oio

icep

hala

B

row

n-ch

eeke

d Fu

lvet

ta

R

NO

lO

S

Dum

etia

hyp

eryt

hra

Taw

ny-b

ellie

d B

abbl

er

R

DD

10

6

Mal

acoc

incl

a ab

botti

A

bbot

s B

abbl

er

R

NO

10

7

Meg

auru

s pa

lust

ris

Stri

ated

Gra

ssbi

rd

R

DD

10

8

Ort

hoto

mus

sut

oriu

s C

omm

on T

ailo

rbird

T

untu

nilT

uni

R

NO

10

9

Turd

oide

s ca

udat

us

Com

mon

Bab

bler

R

D

D

110

Tu

rdoi

des

earle

i S

triat

ed B

abbl

er

R

NO

11

1

Acr

ocep

halu

s du

met

orum

B

lyth

s R

eed

War

bler

M

11

2

Bra

dypt

erus

lute

oven

tris

Bro

wn

Bush

War

bler

M

lB

H

ippo

lais

cal

igat

a B

oote

d W

arbl

er

M

114

P

hyllo

scop

us a

ffini

s T

icke

lls L

eaf W

arbl

er

M

115

A

laud

idae

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laud

a gu

lgul

a O

rient

al S

kyla

rk

Bha

rat P

akhi

R

N

O

116

M

irafr

a as

sam

ica

Rufo

us-w

inge

d B

ushl

ark

Bha

rat P

akhi

R

N

O

117

N

ecta

riniid

ae

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tarin

ia a

siat

ica

Pur

ple

Sun

bird

N

iltu

nilM

adhu

ch u

sh ki

R

N

O

118

N

ecta

rinia

zey

loni

ca

Pur

ple-

rum

ped

Sun

bird

M

outu

shi

R

NO

11

9

Dic

aeum

ery

thro

rhyn

chos

P

ale-

bille

d F

low

erpe

cker

F

uljh

uri

R

NO

12

0

Pass

erid

ae

Lonc

hura

mal

abar

ica

Indi

an S

ilver

bill

R

NO

12

1

Lonc

hura

pun

ctul

ata

Sca

ly-b

reas

ted

Mun

ia

Tila

Mun

ia

R

NO

12

2

Pass

er d

omes

ticus

H

ouse

Spa

rrow

C

haru

i R

N

O

123

P

oce

us p

hilip

pinu

s B

ayaW

eave

r B

abui

Bao

i R

N

O

124

M

otac

illa

mad

eras

pate

nsis

W

hite

-bro

wed

Wag

tail

Pakr

a K

honj

an

R

NO

12

5

Ant

hus

hodg

soni

i O

live-

back

ed P

ipit

M

126

A

nthu

s ru

fulu

s P

addy

field

Pip

it M

12

7

Mot

acill

a al

ba

Whi

te W

agta

il M

12

8

Mot

acill

a ci

nere

a G

rey

Wag

tail

Kho

njan

M

Tab

le 4

Mam

mal

s o

f Raj

eshp

ur s

tud

y ar

ea

SL

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er

Fam

ily

Sci

entif

ic N

ame

Eng

lish

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e Lo

cal N

ame

r

No

I

I CI

I CI

I t

l 3

t

liO

C

CII

cgt

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~~

v a

lO

cI

0 V

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zg

V

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Jv~

V

Ishy

-v

-v

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1

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ctiv

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ae

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cus

mur

inus

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rey

Mus

k S

hrew

C

hika

N

O

2

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ropt

era

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ropo

dida

e P

tero

pus

giga

nteu

s Fl

ying

Fox

B

adur

N

O

3

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settu

sle

sche

naul

ti Fu

lvou

s F

ruit

Bat

Ko

la B

adur

D

D

4

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ader

mat

idae

M

egad

erm

a ly

ra

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pier

D

aini

Bad

ur

NO

5

V

espe

rtili

onid

ae

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esic

us p

achy

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Th

ick-

eare

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at

DD

6

H

espe

ropt

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tick

elli

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kells

Bat

D

D

7

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istre

llus

coro

man

dra

Indi

an P

ipis

trelle

N

O

8

Pip

istre

llus

mim

us

Indi

an P

igm

y P

ipis

trelle

N

O

9

Prim

ates

C

erco

pith

ecid

ae

Mac

aca

assa

men

sis

Ass

ames

e M

acaq

ue

Ash

ami B

anor

D

D

VU

10

Mac

aca

mul

atta

R

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acaq

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Ban

or

VU

LR

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C

arni

vora

C

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ae

Can

is a

ureu

s Ja

ckal

Pa

ti S

hial

VU

12

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lpes

ben

gale

nsis

B

enga

l Fox

K

hek

Shi

al

VU

DD

13

Fe

lidae

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lis c

haus

Ju

ngle

Cat

Ba

n B

iral

EN

II 14

P

riona

iluru

s vi

verr

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Fi

shin

g C

at

Mec

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EN

LR

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stid

ae

Her

pest

es a

urop

unct

atus

S

mal

l Ind

ian

Mon

goos

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NO

16

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stes

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ards

i C

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ongo

ose

Bara

Ben

ji VU

17

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uste

lidae

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tra lu

tra

C

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tter

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CR

18

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Refere

Brandis D 1906lndian Trees Periodical Experts Book agency Delhi 767 pp

FAO 1988 Land Resources Approsal of Bangladesh for Agricultural Development Agroecolo(( I Regions ofBangladesh BGD81035 Technical Report 2570 pp

Heining RL 1925 Lists ofplants ofChittagong Collectorate and Hill Tracts Darjeeling India 84 pp

Nishat A Huq SMlmamul Barua Suvashis P Reza Ali AHM Khan Moniruzzaman A5 (eds)

2002 Bio-ecological Zones ofBangladeshIUCN Bangladesh Country Office 141 pp

Prain D 1903 Bengal plants Vol 1 amp2 Calcutta

1 I

  • cover amp back
  • Untitled
Page 3: Biodiversity of...Biodiversity of Rajeshpur Sal Forest, Comilla II I -Junaid K Choudhury Shekhar R Biswas M.Sazedullslam Oliur Rahman Sardar l\Iasir Uddin IUCN -The Wrold Conservation

Tilagarh Sylhet This is a small forest patch located suburbs Sylhet divisional head quarters

Rajeshpur Comilla This is the southern most habitat of natural Sal in the Indian sub-continent Most of the natural Sal forest has disappeared Only remnants are visible now

Dulahazara Safari Park Coxs Bazar The area has recently been delineated and declared as a Protected Area by the Forest Department in an attempt towards the conservation of its habitat and the resident wild animals This site is also known as the natural home of Dipterocarpus spp in Bangladesh

These are considered as one of the richest ecosystem category as regards biodiversity in Bangladesh Most of such diversities are not known to the outsiders and not at all well documented Moreover with the increasing population and the passage of time biodiversities are depleting at a rapid rate Most of these valuable national resources have already vanished from their sites of origin and many more are in various stages of extinction

It is expected that the findings of this study will help readers understand the dynamics of the diverse natural ecosystems in general and the trends of the biodiversity there Moreover the findings of the study will also provide ample food for thought for the planners while theyve formulating biodiversity conservation andor resource management plans and development policies The findings of this study will also serve as a baseline for the scientists development workers and students affording insights about the ecosystem

Dhaka Ainun Nishat May 2004 Country Representative

IUCN Bangladesh Country Office

iv I

Table of Con ents

Page No

1 Background

2 Methodology

3 Physiography and climate 3

4 Bio-zone 4

5 Existing ecosystem 5

6 Flora 5

7 Fauna 6

8 NTFPs 7

9 Economic values 7

10 Existing management of the ecosystem 7

11 Human interventions 7

12 EXisting trend 7

13 Land use pattern 8

14 Community livelihood 8

15 Threats to the ecosystem 8

16 Potentials of the ecosystem 9

17 Recommendations 9

1 Background

The small natural patch of Sal (Shorea robusta) at Rajeshpur under Comilla Social Forestry Division is the southern most natural habitat of Sal Though the growing stock is not good but is important because of its natural occurrence and eco-tourism services to the city dwellers of Comilla FD has developed some basic facilities for the visitors and has thus become an attraction to the one-day holyday makers The site is located at about 30 Km on the South South-East of Comilla town One can drive down this site and is usually treated as a picnic spot Administrative location of the site is under upazilla Chouddagram and district Comilla

INDEX TO ADJOINING THANAS

lOJO E

Legend forest Area Ksect]

BeefDepressed Area ~

lITIHillHillocks ~

FENI Map ofRajeshplI ~II I

This area is a small patch of degraded natural sal forest in the District of Com ilia At pr 111 1Iii is gradually gaining importance as a pick nick spot for the Comilla city dwellers

Comilla Forest Division was created in 1962 Before that this area was under the conlrol nl Chittagong Forest Division This area has been notified under section 4 of Forest ACl I97 I d

proposed Reserved Forest in year 1958 vide notification nu mber 1809 Fro dated 0 toh r ) 1958 Proclamation under section 6 of the Forest Act has been issued on October 29 I ~nr covering an area of 39628 acres Though the reservation process is on going as per the x i ~ til1(

rules and norms the Com ilia Forest Division is managing it as Reserved Forest In the Plt r lh importance of this forest was not realized as it is being felt today under the growing dern and for recreational sites and present concept of eco-tourism

2 Methodology

The study have been broadly divided into three parts viz collection of secondary information collection of primary information and finally data interpretation and report writing

--- 1

Step 1 Collection of secondary information

Available information the maps and relevant information about the selected study sites were collected as far as possible

Step 2 Collection of primary information

Floral diversity

We visited the ecosystem During these visits the flora found in the ecosystem were observed and noted This technique is chosen after consideration of feasibility of working in the natural forest economy and availability of time as described by Ray (1993) Their relative abundances were estimated while walking through the given ecosystem The heights of the top canopy were noted The forest management and related forestry aspects were noted Trees were identified and any specialized character or peculiarities of the vegetation were noted For proper identification of the species specimens have been collected and these materials are pressed so that herbarium sheets may be prepared and the species are properly identified later The soil water regime aspects GPS and related things were observed and noted The trees were identified following Heining (1925) Brandis (1906) and Prain (1903) Taxonomic literatures were consulted for correct nomenclature of the taxa

Faunal diversity

Data collection was based on the direct animal observation in the field However where the animal is not immediately available or it was difficult to locate or trace observations were made on foot print trailing tracks burrows nest animal holes carves on the tree trunks or fruits made by the animals etc For obtaining a better idea of the existing nocturnal faunal population with respect to species and abundance some observations were taken during early parts of the night Some observations were taken during the early hours of the morning and during the sunset times (evening hours) especially to note the bird species and their abundance Some affords were made to see the snakes if any Flying birds were also taken into account Besides local people were interviewed to ascertain the existence and to assess the states the animals In addition other techniques like photo flashing spot lighting sound tracking etc were used where necessary Uses of binoculars were made when necessary Animals were identified up to species level Standard field books field manuals notebooks were used for the identification process The species which were not possible to identify in the field brought with proper labeling for its subsequent identification

Ecosystem in general

Detailed discussions were held with the local forest staff officials neighboring community and experienced persons for obtaining information about the ecosystem especially to identify the threats and potentials With the help and assistance of the local forest staff and officials a few of the local old well conversant and knowledgeable personnel living in and around the ecosystem were invited for discussion

2 I

Collection of secondary information

Collection of primary information

Literature review

Field visit

Discussion

bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbullbullbull

Background

Maps

History

Bio-zone findings

Physiography and climate

Human interventions

Potentialities

Floral diversity

Faunal diversity

Ecosystem status

Threats

Economic value

Human intervention

Potentialities

Data analysis

Ecosystem survey activities outline

3 Physiography and climate

The topography of the site is raised flat land th r adjoining lands are paddy fields wherein m t~1 ved s ~gh undulations here and there The site in general is roughly above ~O teet f degtSh y ram e nce IS grown by puddling the soil The

rom e mean sea level

3 I

The soil of the site that we visited is reddish in color since it has some iron ores The soil is very hard when dry and become very soft and sticky when wet We have estimated from the vegetation over there that this soil is more acidic then that we normally encounter in our agricultural fields Since the locals remove most of the liters from forest floor for use as fuel the soil has tremendous shortage of humusThe soil fertility looks to be very low

The area in general has a few small canals but none has the perennial stream flow This speaks of the poor water regime that this area in general experiences The site under the forest being small in size do not have any impact on the water regime but there is microclimatic impact of the tree cover at the site The temperature inside the forest is lower than its surrounding More over since the stocking is poor and since the major cover is composed of deciduous species its contribution towards the water regime is of no notable significance

The climate is tropical in general The average rainfall ranges between 2030 and 2290 mm and the temperature is maximum 33degC and minimum 10degC The nearest weather station is at Comilla According to the Statistical Year Book 1999 at this station (Comilla) the average annual rainfall is 2079 mm the maximum monthly average temperature is 33degC in July and the minimum monthly average temperature is 117degC in January The humidity is highest in July (90) and lowest in February (77)The rainfall however is not well distributed through out the

year

4 Biozone According to Nishat et al (2002) this area is under the Bio-Ecological Zone - 9c It has been designated as Lalmai-Tipperah Hills According to Bangladesh agro ecological zoning (FAO 1988) this site is under Region 22 designated as Northern and Eastern Piedmont Plains These areas are supposed to be subjected to more of flash floods The texture of the soil in general is supposed to be sandy loam to silty clay and more acidic than the adjoining

ecological zones

According to the Bio-Ecological Zone of Bangladesh published by IUCN this area has been designated as Zone 9c under the name Lalmai-Tipperah Hills The expected floral and faunal composition in this zone is expected to be as

under

Flora Trees Sal (Shorea robusta) Sonalu (Cassia fistula) Kanthal (Artocarpus heterophyllus)Taal (Borassus flabellifer) Shrubs and herbs Bhant (Clerodendrum viscosum) Assam Lata (Mikania scandens) Shothi (Curcuma zeodaria) Motkila

(Glycosmis arboreal

FaunaMammals Indian porcupine (Hystrix indica) Rufous-tailed hare (Lepus nigricollis) Indian false vampire (Megaderma

lyra) Indian pygmy pipistrelle (Pipistrellus mimus) BirdsWhite-rumped Shama (Copsychus malabaricus) Lesser necklaced laughing thrush (Garrulax moniliger) Reptiles Cantors kukri snake (Oygodon cyclurus) Common wolf snake (Lycodon aulicus) Indian eyed turtle (Morenia

petersi)middot _ Amphibians Bull frog (Hopobatrachus tigerinus) Cricket frog (Limnonectes limnocharis)

4 I

5 Existing Ecosystem

T~e site that we ~isited may be treated as on ecosystem The growing stock of degraded sal is t e top canop~ ~I~ce a couple years back the FD has started to under plant cane in between the sa~The adJomlng comm~~ity often collects the liters of dry sal leaves Virtually there was no un ergrowt~ when we VISited the site in the month of March During monsoon eriods however these sites get some undergrowth ofvarious mixed species p

Among the he~baceous taxa Ageratum conyzoides Axonopus compressus Borrerria his ida Chrysopogon aCiculatus Desmodium heterophylum and Leucas lavandulifolia are more com~on ~h~bs ~~monIY obse~ved mcl~des Clerodendrum viscosum Eupatorium odoratum Flacourti In I~a 0 arrhena antldysentenca Ixora acuminata Melastoma melabatrhicum Microcos panJc~ata Psychotna calocarpa Randia dumetorum and Zizyphus rugosa Som I b seen In the forest t f h h e c 1m ers are ou 0 w IC Hemldesmus in dicus Ichnocarpus frutescens and Smilax

~~cr~carp~ a~~ ver~ common Plantation of Kajubadam (Anacardium occidantalis) Akasmoni theaf~~e~t~ncu I ormls) and Mangium (Acacia mangium) has done successfully in some part of

Th~ fo~est i~ well protected fro~ illegal felling and encroachment The plantations of Acacia aur~culIforlsal~d A manglUm raise as participatory plantation by Forest Department are being mhamtalme we Now the FD is also raising plantations of Rattan (Calumus guruba) underneath t e sa

6 Flora

~~ forest is ~f ~e~id~ous type dominated by only Sal (Shorea robusta) The forest is less diverse 40 caTnopy elg to the forest ranges from 15-20 m and canopy coverage is apprOXimately

0 70 rees are mainly result of regeneration of coppice from old trees and therefore most of the trees are not straight but deformed The mode of regeneration is not good and most of the saplings are suffering from dieback In the past there were other tree species mixed with Sal The undergrowth of the forest is very poor Only few shrubs and herbs are found and they have

-

Effect ofrepeated burning on Shorea seedling

been suffering from drought and low fertility of the soil Rajashpur Sal forest with an area of ca 587 ha is the largest chunk of natural Sal forest in Com ilia

The important tree species of Rajeshpur forest are Shorea robusta Acacia auriculiformis A mangium and Anacardium occidentalis Fruit yielding plants such as Ananas comosus Artocarpus heterophyffus Garcinia cowa Mangifera indica and Syzygium cumini have been encountered in adjoining localities Some species of plants that are used by the locals for medicine viz Eupatorium odoratum Hemidesmus indicus Holarrhena antidysenterica and Mikania scandensl have been encountered during our survey A total of 84 species were recorded from this forest and its surroundings of which 30 species are either introduced or plated A list of the species that we have found during this survey on March 92004 is given in Table 1

7 Fauna

A total of 6 (2955) amphibians 40 (19704) reptiles 128 (63054) birds and 29 (140285) mammals have been recorded in Rajeshpur

Hoplobatrachus tigerinus has included in appendix II of CITES Schedule Several species of forest and hill snakes are existing in Rajeshpur because of its close location to the Indian Tripura (alotes versicolor Varanus bengalensis Gekko gecko Mabuya carinata are widely distributed in that area (oluber mucosus and Naja naja are included in the appendix II of CITES Schedule whilst Varanus bengalensis and Varanus ffavescens in appendix I Under the family Bataguridae 3 species of turtle such as Black Pond Turtle (Geocfamys hamiltonii) Median Roofed Turtle (Kachuga tentoria) and Indian Black Turtle (Melanochelys trijuga) are locally endangered species Globally vulnerable Indian Eyed Turtle (Morenia peters) and Median Roofed Turtle (Kachuga tentoria) have been recorded

Presence of 10 species of doves and pigeons were very important Orthotomus sutorius Bradypterus luteoventris Hippolais caigat and Phylfoscopus affinis were observed in the bushy area 35 (27343) species of birds are migratory and 93 (72657) are resident Of the total 128 species of birds 8 species representing the order Piciformes 1 for Upupiformes 5 for Coraciiformes 13 for Cucuiformes 2 Psittaciformes 1 for Apodiformes 7 for Strigiformes 8 for Cuculiformes 1 for Apodiformes 6 for Strigiformes 10 for Columbiformes 1 Gruiformes 23 Cicoriiiformes and 65 species for Passeriformes 1 species of Leporidae (Hystrix indica) and 1 of Hystricid (Lepus nigricoffis) have been recorded there and both of this species are treated as globally endangered

Under primates of the class MammaliaMacaca assamensis and Macaca mulatta are the globally vulnerable and lower risk animal respectively Mus booduga Mus musculus and Rattus rattus are widely distributed

The list of Amphibians Reptiles Birds and Mammals found at the site are given Table 234 and 5 respectively

6 I

8NTFPs

The major gro~h over the area is degraded Sal Recently cane has been planted underneath These are growing well In near future the cane is expected to be a good NTFP for the area in questIon

9 Economic values

Though the direct value of the tree growth is not that high but its intangible values are enormous especially as a site of outing to the city dwellers of Comilla In the district of Comilla this is an important and most conspicuous site for recreation It is attracting more and

Sal forest patch at Rajeshpurmore people every day It has a hIgh value In the context of environment as well

10 Existing Management of the Ecosystem

At present the main thrust is protection Some under planting of cane has been under taken No harvest IS done now A small patch near the beat office has a plantation of Cashue Nut These are sold In auction for collecting the nuts

11 Human Interventions

This sie has a growth of degraded Sallri the past it had good vegetative cover whkh included the thl~k under growth That habitat used to harbor a number of wild lives in abundance These have dIsappeared with time due to pouching and loss of habitat At present under the serious shortage of fuel wood in and around the area the local people around this forest very often come in~o this small patch of forest and collect fuel wood They often cut down the branches and at tIme even trees ColI~ction of leaves that fall on the ground by sweeping is a regular f~ature Thus the forest floor IS completely devoid of any litter Human pressure is definitely very hIgh

12 Existing trends

The prevailing trend in the area is two fold The local people come in to collect leaves branches and tIme even tre~s despIte the watching and guarding by the FD officials in force The city dwellers from ComIlia come here for rest recreation and sight seeing

7 I

13 Land Use Pattern This forest has a large number of small fragmented pieces of agricultural land These agricultural lands are intermingled with the fragmented forest patchesThere village nearby

Thus this area has all the common land-use practices such as agriculture forestry pond fisheries orchards housing etc that are commonly noticed in Bangladesh

14Community Livelihood The adjoining communities are mostly agricultural Along wit~ the farming acti~ities some of the people run petty businesses They have horticultural plants In and around their

rIWamp~~~

Peoples collecting follen leaves from the forest floor a common scenario at the sal forests

homesteads Some have small ponds which they use for growing fish in a very small scale Recently as the visitors have started to visit the site these community are gradually getting

involved in selling small local cottage products as well

15Threats to Ecosystem The most serious threat to the given ecosystem is the human interference in form of the collection of fuel wood including the leaves Almost every year these are fire hazards in this forest patch Some time the local community intentionally lit the fire in the hope to have a

better growth of grassy vegetation

8 I

16 Potentials of Ecosystem

This given patch of forest is small and cannot be managed for harvesting forest produces such as wood etc But because of its vicinity to the urban area this has a very high potential of serving as recreation site The major management goal should be to develop the site in such a manner so that it attracts wild lives especially the birds This site possesses high potential to attract birds of various species The prospect of eco-tourism is quite high

17 Recommendations

This site should be taken up for eco-tourism and necessary facilities required for the purpose may be inculcated The local people should be involved in the whole process so that they get a feeling of ownership to this forest and they can understand that conservation of these sites will bring in benefits to them on a sustainable basis Government should take up programs to develop this forest as an eco-tourism site

Co-management under a participatory concept coupled with the enforcement of law should be the target so that the eco-tourism can flourish in this site

Table 1 List of plant species recorded from Rajeshpur Sal Forest Comilla

SI No Species Family Habit Occurrence

l Acacia auriculiformis Mimosaceae Tree Planted

2 Amangium Mimosaceae Tree Planted

3 Adhatoda vasica Acanthaceae Shrub Cultivated

4 Ageratum conyzoides Asteraceae Herb Common

5 Albizia lebbeck Mimosaceae Tree Planted

6 Aprocera Mimosaceae Tree Planted

7 Alstonia scholaria Apocynaceae Thee Common

8 Ammania baccifera Lythraceae Herb Not very common

9 Anacardium occidentale Anacardiaceae Tree Planted

10 Ananas comosus Bromeliaceae Herb Cultivated

11 Aporosa dioica Euphorbiaceae Tree Not very common

12 Aquilaria agallocha Thymeliaceae Tree Planted

13 Artocarpus heterophyllus Moraceae Tree Planted

14 Averrhoa carambola Averrhoaceae Tree Planted

15 Axonopus compress us Poaceae Herb Common

16 Bombax ceiba Bombacaceae Tree Planted Table continued

--l 9

51 No Species Family Habit OccurrenceHabit OccurrenceFamilySINo Species 52 Leucas lavandulifolia Lamiaceae Herb Common

Poaceae Grass Planted 17 Bambusa baJcooa 53 Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae Tree Planted

Grass Planted 18 Bambusa polymorpha Poaceae 54 Melastoma malabathricum Melastomaceae Shrub Very common

Grass Planted 55 Merremia umbellata Convolvulaceae Climber CommonBambusa tulda Poaceae

Pal mae Tree Common 56 Microcos paniculata Tiliaceae Tree Very common 19

20 Borassus flabellifer Herb Common 57 Mikania scandens Asteraceae Herb Very common Rubiaceae21 Borreria hispida

58 Mimosa pudica Mimosaceae Herb CommonShrub CommonCaesalpinaceae22 Caesalpinia crista 59 Morinda angustifolia Rubiaceae S hrub Not very common

Climber PlantedPalmae23 Calamus guruba 60 Nelsonia canescens Acanthaceae Herb Common Tree Not very common Lecythidaceae24 Careya arborea 61 Oxalis corniculata Oxalidaceae Herb Common Tree Planted

Chikrassia tabularis Meliaceae 62 Phoenix sylvestris Palmae Tree Planted Herb Very common

25 Poaceae 63 Phyllanthus embelica Euphorbiaceae Tree Planted26 Chrysopogon aciculatus

Shrub Common 64 Psidium guajava Myrtaceae Tree PlantedVerbenaceaeClerodendrum viscosum 27 65 Psychotria calocarpa Rubiaceae Shrub CommonHerb CommonCommelinaceae28 Commelina benghalensis 66 Pteris vittata Pteridaceae Fern CommonClimber Planted

29 Daemonorops jenkinsiana Arecaceae 67 Randia dumetorum Rubiaceae Shrub Common

Tree CommonFabaceaeDalbergia stipulacea 30 68 Rumex maritimus Polyonaceae Herb Not common Climber Not very ommon Dilleniaceae3l Delima sarmentosa 69 Rungia pectinata Acanthaceae Herb Common Tree Planted

32 Delonix regia Caesalpinialteae 70 Samanea saman Mimosaceae Tree Planted

Fabaceae Herb Common 71 Scoparia dulcis Scrophulariaceae Herb Common33 Desmodium heterophyllum Herb Common 72 Shorea robusta Dipterocarpaceae Tree DominantPoaceae34 Digittaria sanguinalis

73 Smilax macrophylla Smilacaceae Climber CommonClimber CommonDioscoreaceae35 Dioscorea pentaphylla 74 Swietenia mahagoni Meliaceae Tree PlantedTree PlantedDipterocarpaceae36 Dipterocarpus turbinatus 75 Syzygium cumini Myrtaceae Tree Planted

Polipodiaceae Epiphyte Common 37 Drynaia quercifolia 76 Syzygium fruticosum Myrtaceae Tree Common

Tree Not very common Fabaceae38 Erythrina variegata 77 Tabebuia rosea Bignoniaceae Tree Planted Tree Planted

39 Eucalyptus camaldulensis Myrtaceae 78 Tabernaemontana divaricata Apocynaceae Shrub Common

Asteraceae Shrub Very common 79 Tamarindus indicus Caesalpinaceae Tree Planted40 Eupatorium odoratum Tree Planted 80 Terminalia belerica Combretaceae Tree PlantedMoraceae41 Ficus lachooka

81 T chebula Combretaceae Tree PlantedShrub CommonFlacourtiaceae42 Flacourtia indica 82 Urena lobata Malvaceae Herb Common

Guttiferae Tree Common 43 Garcinia cowa 83 Viscum orientalis Loranthaceae Parasite Common

Guttiferae Tree Rare 44 G lancaefolia 84 Zizyphus rugosa Rhamnaceae Shrub Common

Herb CommonAsteraceae45 Grangea madaraspatana

Asclepiadaceae Climber Common 46 Hemidesmus indicus

Shrub CommonApocynaceae

Tree Planted 47 Holarrhena antidysenterica

Dipterocarpaceae 48 Hopea odorata

49 Jchnocarpus frutescens Apocynaceae Climber Common

Shrub Very common Rubiaceae Shrub Very common

50 Ixora acuminata Rubiaceae

Shrub Common 50 Ixora acuminata

Rubiaceae51 Ixora parviflora Table continued

10 I

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phe

hele

na

Com

mon

Tri

nket

Sna

ke25

D

udhr

aj

ENE

laph

e ra

diat

a C

oppe

r H

ead

Tri

nket

Sna

ke

26

Dud

hraj

EN

Enh

ydris

enh

ydris

C

om

mo

n S

moo

th W

ater

Sna

ke27

P

aina

Sha

p N

OLy

eodo

n au

licus

C

om

mo

n W

olf

Sna

ke28

G

harg

inni

Sha

p V

UO

ligod

on a

lboc

inct

us

Whi

te-b

arre

d K

ukri

Sna

ke

29

DD

Olig

odon

arn

ensi

s C

omm

on K

ukri

Sna

ke

30

DD

Olig

odon

cin

ereu

s B

lack

-bar

red

Kuk

ri S

nake

31

DD

Olig

odon

theo

bald

i M

anda

lay

Kuk

ri S

nake

32

D

DPa

reas

mon

tical

u A

ssam

Sna

il E

ater

33

S

ham

uk-K

hor

DD

Psa

mm

odyn

aste

s pu

lver

ulen

tus

Mo

ckV

ipe

r34

P

ahar

i Sha

p D

DX

enoc

hrop

his

pisc

ator

C

heck

ered

Kee

lbac

k 35

D

hora

Sha

pE

lapi

dae

NO

Bun

garu

s ca

erul

eus

Com

mon

Kra

it 36

K

al K

eote

y EN

Bun

garu

s fa

scia

tus

Ban

ded

Kra

it 37

S

hank

ini S

hap

ENN

aja

kaou

thia

M

on

oce

llate

Cob

ra

38

Gok

hra

Sha

p VU

Naj

anaj

a B

inoc

ella

te C

obra

39

K

hoia

Gok

hra

ENV

iper

idae

1

1Tr

imer

esur

us a

lbol

abris

B

ambo

o P

it V

iper

40

J~

Vip

era

russ

ellii

Rus

sells

Vip

er

DD

C

hand

robo

ra

CR

Tabl

e 3

Bird

s o

f Raj

eshp

ur s

tudy

are

a l~

SL

Ord

er

Fam

ily

Sci

entif

ic N

ame

Eng

lish

Nam

e Lo

cal N

ame

~

III

III

No

C

5

C

iU

c-

g

III

C

gt-

0gt

-~

v -- C

-

II

I a

lO

1)

0

V

C

zg

zO

l

V

middotiii

wu

u~ ~

)

)

cIII

_u

_

u

U

1

Pic

iform

es

Pic

idae

C

eeu

s br

ochy

urus

R

ufou

s W

oodp

ecke

r La

lche

y K

atht

hokr

a R

N

O

2

Den

droc

opos

mac

ei

Fulv

ous-

bres

ted

Woo

dpec

ker

Pakr

a K

atht

hokr

a R

N

O

3

Den

droc

opo

sm

ahre

ttens

is

Yel

low

-fron

ted

Pie

d W

oodp

ecke

r Pa

kra

Kat

htho

kra

R

DO

4

ly

nx to

rqui

lla

Eur

asia

n W

ryne

ck

Met

ho K

atht

hokr

a M

5

D

inop

ium

java

nens

e C

omm

on F

lam

ebac

k R

N

O

6

Din

opiu

m b

engh

aen

se

Bla

ck-r

umpe

d Fl

ameb

ack

Kat

hokr

a R

N

O

7

Meg

alai

mid

ae

Meg

aai

ma

haem

acep

hala

C

oppe

rsm

ith B

arbe

t C

hoto

Bas

anta

Bau

ri R

N

O

8

Meg

aai

ma

inea

te

Line

ated

Bar

bet

Gur

khod

Beg

hbou

R

N

O

9

Upu

pifo

rmes

U

pupi

dae

Upu

pa e

pops

C

omm

on H

oopo

e H

udhu

d5

0lai

man

Pak

hi

R

NO

10

Cor

aciif

orm

es

Cor

aciid

ae

Cor

acia

s be

ngha

ens

is

Indi

an R

olle

r N

ilkan

tha

R

NO

11

Alc

edin

idae

A

lced

o at

this

C

omm

on K

ingf

ishe

r C

hoto

Maa

chra

nga

R

NO

12

H

alcy

on s

myr

nens

is

Whi

teth

roat

ed K

ingf

ishe

r M

aach

rang

a R

N

O

13

Meg

acer

ye

ugu

bris

P

ied

Kin

gfis

her

R

DO

14

M

erop

idae

M

erop

s or

ient

alis

G

reen

Bee

eate

r S

uich

ora

Ban

spat

i R

N

O

15

Cuc

ulifo

rmes

C

ucul

idae

C

acom

antis

mer

ulin

us

Plai

ntiv

e cu

ckoo

C

hata

kiS

orgo

m

R

NO

16

Cuc

uus

sat

urat

us

Orie

ntal

Cuc

koo

M

17

Cen

trip

odid

ae

Cen

tropu

s si

nens

is

Gre

ater

Cou

cal

Kan

akua

Cou

cal

R

NO

18

Ca

mat

or ja

cobi

nus

Pie

d C

ucko

o P

apiy

a R

N

O

19

Cuc

uus

mic

ropt

erus

lndi

an

Cuc

koo

Bou

-Kat

ha-K

ao P

akhi

R

N

O

20

Eud

ynam

ys sc

pa

cea

Asi

an C

ucko

o K

okil

Ku

kil

R

NO

2l

H

iero

cocc

yx v

ariu

s C

omm

on H

awk

Cuc

koo

Cho

khg

elo

Pakh

i R

N

O

22

Phae

nico

phae

us tr

istis

G

reen

-bill

ed M

alko

ha

Sab

uj K

okil

R

NO

23

Apo

difo

rmes

A

podi

dae

Cyp

siur

us b

aa

siens

is

Asi

an P

alm

Sw

ift

Nak

kati

R

NO

24

Stri

gifo

rmes

T

yton

idae

Ty

toa

ba

Bar

n O

wl

Laxm

i Pen

cha

R

NO

Tab

le c

ontin

ued

SL

Ord

er

Fam

ily

Sci

entif

ic N

ame

Eng

lish

Nam

e Lo

cal N

ame

~

No

II

I II

I

C

5

C

0

1 ]

III

~

cgt

shy~

vC

0

gt-

V

III

alO

i3

0

C

zOl

zO

l

V

middotiii

Wu~ u~

~II

I

)

)

c

_

u

_u

U

25

Stri

gida

e A

then

e br

oma

Spo

tted

Ow

let

Khu

rule

y Pe

ncha

R

N

O

26

Bub

o be

nga

ensi

s R

ock

Eag

le O

wl

Hut

um P

ench

a R

N

O

27

Ket

upa

zey

onen

sis

Bro

wn

Fish

Ow

l B

hutu

m P

ench

a R

VU

28

N

inox

scu

tua

ta

Bro

wn

Haw

k O

wl

Kup

okh

R

NO

29

Cap

rimul

gida

e C

aprim

ugu

s m

acru

rus

Larg

e-ta

iled

Nig

ht ja

r R

atch

ara

R

NO

30

Col

umbi

form

es C

olum

bida

e C

olum

ba i

via

Roc

k P

igeo

n J

alal

i Kab

utor

R

N

O

31

Duc

ua

aene

a G

reen

Im

peria

l Pig

eon

Dhu

mko

l R

D

O32

S

trept

ope

ia c

hin

ensis

S

potte

d D

ove

Tila

Ghu

ghu

R

NO

33

Stre

ptop

eia

dec

aoct

a E

uras

ian

Col

lare

d D

ove

Raj G

hugh

uD

hoba

l R

N

O

Ghu

ghu

34

Stre

ptop

eia

tran

queb

aric

a R

ed C

olla

red

Dov

e La

l Ghu

ghu

Jon

gla

R

NO

G

hugh

u35

Tr

eron

api

caud

a Pi

n-ta

iled

Gre

en P

igeo

n H

oria

lH

orik

ol

R

CR36

T

rero

n bi

cinc

ta

Ora

nge-

brea

sted

Gre

en P

igeo

n H

oria

lH

orik

ol

R

NO

37

Trer

on p

hoen

icop

tera

Y

ello

w-f

oote

d G

reen

Pig

eon

Hor

iallB

otko

l R

N

O38

Tr

eron

pom

pado

ra

Pom

pado

ur G

reen

Pig

eon

Cho

to H

oria

l R

N

O

39

Stre

ptop

elia

orie

ntal

is

Orie

ntal

Tur

tle D

ove

Ghu

ghu

M39

S

trept

ope

ia o

rient

ais

O

rient

al T

urtle

Dov

e G

hugh

u M

40

Gru

iform

es

Ral

lidae

A

mau

rorn

is p

hoen

icur

us

Whi

te-b

reas

ted

Wat

erhe

n D

ahuk

R

N

O

41

Cic

oniif

orm

es

Jaca

nida

e B

ronz

e-w

ing

ed Jlt

can

a R

o

42

Cha

radr

iidae

R

ed-I

middotta tt1~

Lap

(

o lt

=

43

Acc

ipltr

idae

44

~

-r

-$

-

_

~__~

-

bull _

45

~2--

--

c

46

~-~

~

Ju

l~

cSL

O

rder

Fa

mily

S

cien

tific

Nam

e E

nglis

h N

ame

Loca

l Nam

e II

I el

lel

lN

o

1l

3

III

i6

1l

c

ell

cc

gt

c ~~

II

I

el

l co

0

J

0 V

I

1l

Z

o-

Zo

-V

I w

v

v

el

l J

ill

cc

-v

2a

u

47

Milv

us m

igra

ns

Bla

ck K

ite

Bhu

bon

Chi

l R

N

O

48

Circ

us c

yane

us

Hen

Har

rier

M

49

Pan

dion

ha

iaet

us

Osp

rey

Mec

ho B

aaj

M

50

Falc

onid

ae

Falc

o ch

icqu

era

Red

-nec

ked

Falc

on

Tur

mut

i R

D

D

LR

51

Falc

o tin

nunc

ulus

C

omm

on K

estre

l M

52

P

hala

croc

orac

idae

P

hala

croc

orax

nig

er

Littl

e C

orm

oran

t P

aan-

kow

ri R

N

O

53

Ard

eida

e A

rdeo

la g

rayi

i Ind

ian

Pon

d H

eron

K

ani B

okK

ana

Bok

R

N

O

54

Bub

ulcu

s ib

is

Cat

tle E

gret

G

o-bo

k R

N

O

55

But

orid

es s

triat

us

Littl

e E

gret

C

hoto

Bok

R

N

O

56

Dup

etor

fav

icol

is

Bla

ck B

itter

n K

alo

Bok

R

D

D

57

Ixob

rych

us m

inut

us

Littl

e B

itter

n K

hude

y B

ok

R

DD

58

Ixob

rych

us s

inen

sis

Yel

low

Bitt

ern

Hol

dey

Bok

R

N

O

59

Mes

opho

yx in

term

edia

In

term

edia

te E

gret

M

aijla

Bok

R

N

O

60

Nyc

ticor

ax n

ictic

orax

B

lack

-cro

wne

d N

ight

Her

on

Waa

klN

ishi

Bok

R

N

O

61

Sco

lopa

cida

e A

ctiti

s hy

pole

ucos

C

omm

on S

andp

iper

M

62

Gal

inag

o ga

lina

go

Fant

ail S

nipe

K

ada-

khoc

ha

M

63

Gal

linag

o st

enur

a P

inta

il S

nipe

K

ada-

khoc

ha

M

64

P

asse

rifor

mes

Lan

iidae

La

nius

sch

ach

Long

-tai

led

Shr

ike

Bag

haT

iki

R

NO

65

Lani

us c

rista

tus

Bro

wn

Shr

ike

Bad

ami K

osha

i Pak

hi

M

66

Lani

us te

phro

notu

s G

reyb

acke

d S

hrik

e K

osha

i Pak

hi

M

67

Cor

vida

e C

orvu

s m

acro

rhyn

chos

Ju

ngle

Cro

w

Dan

r Ka

k R

N

O

68

Cor

vus

sple

nden

s H

ouse

Cro

w

Pat

i Kak

lKau

a R

N

O

69

Den

droc

itta

vaga

bund

a R

ufus

Tre

epie

H

anric

hach

aK

utum

R

N

O

70

Aeg

ithin

a tip

hia

Com

mon

lora

T

owfik

Fat

ikja

l R

N

O

71

Orio

lus

xant

hom

us

Bla

ck-h

eade

d O

riole

H

olde

y P

akhi

R

N

O

72

Dic

ruru

s ae

neus

B

ronz

ed D

rong

o C

hoto

Fin

gey

R

NO

Tab

le c

on

tin

ue

d

SL

Ord

er

Fam

ily

Sci

entif

ic N

ame

Eng

lish

Nam

e Lo

cal N

ame

c

III

No

el

l el

l 1

l

3

II

I i6

1

lc

el

l c

--c~ ~~

C

II

I 0

ell

J

0 V

IC

Ooshy

1l

Z

o-

VI

Zel

l w

v

v

J

III

J II

Icc

el

l -v

-v

U

73

Dic

urur

s m

acro

cerc

us

Bla

ck D

rong

o F

inge

y R

N

O

74

Arta

mus

fusc

us

Ash

y W

oods

wal

low

La

tora

R

N

O

75

Cor

acin

a m

acei

La

rge

Cuc

koos

hrik

e G

udhu

ka

R

NO

76

P

eric

roco

tus

cinn

amom

eus

Sm

all M

iniv

et

S~t

Sai

li R

N

O

77

Teph

rodo

rnis

pon

dice

rianu

s C

omm

on W

oods

hrik

e R

N

O

78

Rhi

pidu

ra a

lbic

olis

W

hite

-thr

oate

d Fa

ntai

l Le

jnac

hani

R

N

O

79

Mus

cica

pida

e C

opsy

chus

sau

laris

O

rient

al M

agpi

e R

obin

D

oelD

oina

chan

i R

N

O

80

Cul

icic

apa

ceyl

onen

sis

Gre

y-he

aded

Can

ary

Fly

catc

her

Fut

futi

R

NO

81

S

axic

olac

apra

ta

Pie

d B

usnc

hat

R

NO

82

C

haim

arro

rnis

leuc

ocep

halu

s W

hite

-cap

ped

Wat

er R

edst

art

M

83

Cyo

rnis

tick

ellia

e T

icke

lls B

lue

Fly

catc

her

M

84

Eum

yias

thal

assi

fa

Ver

dite

r F

lyca

tche

r M

85

Fi

cedu

la p

arva

R

ed-t

hroa

ted

Fly

catc

her

Lalb

ook

Cho

tok

M

86

Lusc

inia

cal

iope

S

iber

ian

Rub

yThr

oat

M

87

Lusc

inia

sve

cica

B

luet

hroa

t M

88

M

ontic

ola

solit

ariu

s B

lock

Roc

k Th

rush

M

89

S

axic

ola

torq

uata

C

omm

on S

tone

chat

M

90

Tu

rdus

uni

colo

r T

icke

lls T

hrus

h M

91

Zo

othe

ra c

itrin

e O

rang

e-he

aded

Thr

ush

M

92

Stu

rnid

ae

Acr

idot

here

s ci

nere

us

Whi

te-v

ente

d M

yna

R

DD

93

A

crid

othe

res

fusc

us

Jung

le M

yna

Jhut

i Sha

lik

R

NO

94

A

crid

othe

res

trist

is

Com

mon

Myn

a B

hat S

halik

R

N

O

95

Stu

rnus

con

tra

Asi

an P

ied

Sta~

ling

G

obre

y S

halik

Gu

Shal

ik

R

~O

96

Stu

rnus

mal

abar

icus

C

hest

nut-

taile

d S

tarli

ng

Kat

h S

halik

R

97

Hiru

ndin

idae

H

irund

o da

uric

a R

ed-r

umpe

d S

wal

low

A

babi

l 98

H

irund

o ru

stic

a B

arn

Sw

allo

w

Aba

bil

99

Par

idae

Pa

rus

maj

or

Gre

atT

it

J~

- z=

~ -

--

~_

--la

SL

Ord

er

Fam

ily

Sci

entif

ic N

ame

Eng

lish

Nam

e Lo

cal N

ame

r

II

No

CI

I CI

I t

l

3

tl

C

c

CII

0

gt-

r

cgt

shyC

- CII

iO -

V

I v a

l 0

cI

0 t

l Z

Cl

ZC

l V

I ii

i v~ v~

UJ

IshyCI

I

a

-v

-v

U

100

P

ycno

notu

s ar

ticep

s B

lack

-hea

ded

Bul

bul

Kal

o B

ulbu

l R

N

O

101

P

ycno

notid

ae

Pyc

nono

tus

cafe

r R

ed-v

ente

d B

ulbu

B

ulbu

li R

N

O

102

P

ycno

notu

sjoc

osus

R

ed-w

hisk

ered

Bul

bul

Sip

ahi B

ulbu

li R

N

O

103

Z

oste

ropi

dae

Zost

erop

s pa

lpeb

rosu

s O

rient

al W

hite

-eye

S

het-

ankh

i R

N

O

104

S

ylvi

idae

A

lcip

pe p

Oio

icep

hala

B

row

n-ch

eeke

d Fu

lvet

ta

R

NO

lO

S

Dum

etia

hyp

eryt

hra

Taw

ny-b

ellie

d B

abbl

er

R

DD

10

6

Mal

acoc

incl

a ab

botti

A

bbot

s B

abbl

er

R

NO

10

7

Meg

auru

s pa

lust

ris

Stri

ated

Gra

ssbi

rd

R

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Refere

Brandis D 1906lndian Trees Periodical Experts Book agency Delhi 767 pp

FAO 1988 Land Resources Approsal of Bangladesh for Agricultural Development Agroecolo(( I Regions ofBangladesh BGD81035 Technical Report 2570 pp

Heining RL 1925 Lists ofplants ofChittagong Collectorate and Hill Tracts Darjeeling India 84 pp

Nishat A Huq SMlmamul Barua Suvashis P Reza Ali AHM Khan Moniruzzaman A5 (eds)

2002 Bio-ecological Zones ofBangladeshIUCN Bangladesh Country Office 141 pp

Prain D 1903 Bengal plants Vol 1 amp2 Calcutta

1 I

  • cover amp back
  • Untitled
Page 4: Biodiversity of...Biodiversity of Rajeshpur Sal Forest, Comilla II I -Junaid K Choudhury Shekhar R Biswas M.Sazedullslam Oliur Rahman Sardar l\Iasir Uddin IUCN -The Wrold Conservation

1 Background

The small natural patch of Sal (Shorea robusta) at Rajeshpur under Comilla Social Forestry Division is the southern most natural habitat of Sal Though the growing stock is not good but is important because of its natural occurrence and eco-tourism services to the city dwellers of Comilla FD has developed some basic facilities for the visitors and has thus become an attraction to the one-day holyday makers The site is located at about 30 Km on the South South-East of Comilla town One can drive down this site and is usually treated as a picnic spot Administrative location of the site is under upazilla Chouddagram and district Comilla

INDEX TO ADJOINING THANAS

lOJO E

Legend forest Area Ksect]

BeefDepressed Area ~

lITIHillHillocks ~

FENI Map ofRajeshplI ~II I

This area is a small patch of degraded natural sal forest in the District of Com ilia At pr 111 1Iii is gradually gaining importance as a pick nick spot for the Comilla city dwellers

Comilla Forest Division was created in 1962 Before that this area was under the conlrol nl Chittagong Forest Division This area has been notified under section 4 of Forest ACl I97 I d

proposed Reserved Forest in year 1958 vide notification nu mber 1809 Fro dated 0 toh r ) 1958 Proclamation under section 6 of the Forest Act has been issued on October 29 I ~nr covering an area of 39628 acres Though the reservation process is on going as per the x i ~ til1(

rules and norms the Com ilia Forest Division is managing it as Reserved Forest In the Plt r lh importance of this forest was not realized as it is being felt today under the growing dern and for recreational sites and present concept of eco-tourism

2 Methodology

The study have been broadly divided into three parts viz collection of secondary information collection of primary information and finally data interpretation and report writing

--- 1

Step 1 Collection of secondary information

Available information the maps and relevant information about the selected study sites were collected as far as possible

Step 2 Collection of primary information

Floral diversity

We visited the ecosystem During these visits the flora found in the ecosystem were observed and noted This technique is chosen after consideration of feasibility of working in the natural forest economy and availability of time as described by Ray (1993) Their relative abundances were estimated while walking through the given ecosystem The heights of the top canopy were noted The forest management and related forestry aspects were noted Trees were identified and any specialized character or peculiarities of the vegetation were noted For proper identification of the species specimens have been collected and these materials are pressed so that herbarium sheets may be prepared and the species are properly identified later The soil water regime aspects GPS and related things were observed and noted The trees were identified following Heining (1925) Brandis (1906) and Prain (1903) Taxonomic literatures were consulted for correct nomenclature of the taxa

Faunal diversity

Data collection was based on the direct animal observation in the field However where the animal is not immediately available or it was difficult to locate or trace observations were made on foot print trailing tracks burrows nest animal holes carves on the tree trunks or fruits made by the animals etc For obtaining a better idea of the existing nocturnal faunal population with respect to species and abundance some observations were taken during early parts of the night Some observations were taken during the early hours of the morning and during the sunset times (evening hours) especially to note the bird species and their abundance Some affords were made to see the snakes if any Flying birds were also taken into account Besides local people were interviewed to ascertain the existence and to assess the states the animals In addition other techniques like photo flashing spot lighting sound tracking etc were used where necessary Uses of binoculars were made when necessary Animals were identified up to species level Standard field books field manuals notebooks were used for the identification process The species which were not possible to identify in the field brought with proper labeling for its subsequent identification

Ecosystem in general

Detailed discussions were held with the local forest staff officials neighboring community and experienced persons for obtaining information about the ecosystem especially to identify the threats and potentials With the help and assistance of the local forest staff and officials a few of the local old well conversant and knowledgeable personnel living in and around the ecosystem were invited for discussion

2 I

Collection of secondary information

Collection of primary information

Literature review

Field visit

Discussion

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Background

Maps

History

Bio-zone findings

Physiography and climate

Human interventions

Potentialities

Floral diversity

Faunal diversity

Ecosystem status

Threats

Economic value

Human intervention

Potentialities

Data analysis

Ecosystem survey activities outline

3 Physiography and climate

The topography of the site is raised flat land th r adjoining lands are paddy fields wherein m t~1 ved s ~gh undulations here and there The site in general is roughly above ~O teet f degtSh y ram e nce IS grown by puddling the soil The

rom e mean sea level

3 I

The soil of the site that we visited is reddish in color since it has some iron ores The soil is very hard when dry and become very soft and sticky when wet We have estimated from the vegetation over there that this soil is more acidic then that we normally encounter in our agricultural fields Since the locals remove most of the liters from forest floor for use as fuel the soil has tremendous shortage of humusThe soil fertility looks to be very low

The area in general has a few small canals but none has the perennial stream flow This speaks of the poor water regime that this area in general experiences The site under the forest being small in size do not have any impact on the water regime but there is microclimatic impact of the tree cover at the site The temperature inside the forest is lower than its surrounding More over since the stocking is poor and since the major cover is composed of deciduous species its contribution towards the water regime is of no notable significance

The climate is tropical in general The average rainfall ranges between 2030 and 2290 mm and the temperature is maximum 33degC and minimum 10degC The nearest weather station is at Comilla According to the Statistical Year Book 1999 at this station (Comilla) the average annual rainfall is 2079 mm the maximum monthly average temperature is 33degC in July and the minimum monthly average temperature is 117degC in January The humidity is highest in July (90) and lowest in February (77)The rainfall however is not well distributed through out the

year

4 Biozone According to Nishat et al (2002) this area is under the Bio-Ecological Zone - 9c It has been designated as Lalmai-Tipperah Hills According to Bangladesh agro ecological zoning (FAO 1988) this site is under Region 22 designated as Northern and Eastern Piedmont Plains These areas are supposed to be subjected to more of flash floods The texture of the soil in general is supposed to be sandy loam to silty clay and more acidic than the adjoining

ecological zones

According to the Bio-Ecological Zone of Bangladesh published by IUCN this area has been designated as Zone 9c under the name Lalmai-Tipperah Hills The expected floral and faunal composition in this zone is expected to be as

under

Flora Trees Sal (Shorea robusta) Sonalu (Cassia fistula) Kanthal (Artocarpus heterophyllus)Taal (Borassus flabellifer) Shrubs and herbs Bhant (Clerodendrum viscosum) Assam Lata (Mikania scandens) Shothi (Curcuma zeodaria) Motkila

(Glycosmis arboreal

FaunaMammals Indian porcupine (Hystrix indica) Rufous-tailed hare (Lepus nigricollis) Indian false vampire (Megaderma

lyra) Indian pygmy pipistrelle (Pipistrellus mimus) BirdsWhite-rumped Shama (Copsychus malabaricus) Lesser necklaced laughing thrush (Garrulax moniliger) Reptiles Cantors kukri snake (Oygodon cyclurus) Common wolf snake (Lycodon aulicus) Indian eyed turtle (Morenia

petersi)middot _ Amphibians Bull frog (Hopobatrachus tigerinus) Cricket frog (Limnonectes limnocharis)

4 I

5 Existing Ecosystem

T~e site that we ~isited may be treated as on ecosystem The growing stock of degraded sal is t e top canop~ ~I~ce a couple years back the FD has started to under plant cane in between the sa~The adJomlng comm~~ity often collects the liters of dry sal leaves Virtually there was no un ergrowt~ when we VISited the site in the month of March During monsoon eriods however these sites get some undergrowth ofvarious mixed species p

Among the he~baceous taxa Ageratum conyzoides Axonopus compressus Borrerria his ida Chrysopogon aCiculatus Desmodium heterophylum and Leucas lavandulifolia are more com~on ~h~bs ~~monIY obse~ved mcl~des Clerodendrum viscosum Eupatorium odoratum Flacourti In I~a 0 arrhena antldysentenca Ixora acuminata Melastoma melabatrhicum Microcos panJc~ata Psychotna calocarpa Randia dumetorum and Zizyphus rugosa Som I b seen In the forest t f h h e c 1m ers are ou 0 w IC Hemldesmus in dicus Ichnocarpus frutescens and Smilax

~~cr~carp~ a~~ ver~ common Plantation of Kajubadam (Anacardium occidantalis) Akasmoni theaf~~e~t~ncu I ormls) and Mangium (Acacia mangium) has done successfully in some part of

Th~ fo~est i~ well protected fro~ illegal felling and encroachment The plantations of Acacia aur~culIforlsal~d A manglUm raise as participatory plantation by Forest Department are being mhamtalme we Now the FD is also raising plantations of Rattan (Calumus guruba) underneath t e sa

6 Flora

~~ forest is ~f ~e~id~ous type dominated by only Sal (Shorea robusta) The forest is less diverse 40 caTnopy elg to the forest ranges from 15-20 m and canopy coverage is apprOXimately

0 70 rees are mainly result of regeneration of coppice from old trees and therefore most of the trees are not straight but deformed The mode of regeneration is not good and most of the saplings are suffering from dieback In the past there were other tree species mixed with Sal The undergrowth of the forest is very poor Only few shrubs and herbs are found and they have

-

Effect ofrepeated burning on Shorea seedling

been suffering from drought and low fertility of the soil Rajashpur Sal forest with an area of ca 587 ha is the largest chunk of natural Sal forest in Com ilia

The important tree species of Rajeshpur forest are Shorea robusta Acacia auriculiformis A mangium and Anacardium occidentalis Fruit yielding plants such as Ananas comosus Artocarpus heterophyffus Garcinia cowa Mangifera indica and Syzygium cumini have been encountered in adjoining localities Some species of plants that are used by the locals for medicine viz Eupatorium odoratum Hemidesmus indicus Holarrhena antidysenterica and Mikania scandensl have been encountered during our survey A total of 84 species were recorded from this forest and its surroundings of which 30 species are either introduced or plated A list of the species that we have found during this survey on March 92004 is given in Table 1

7 Fauna

A total of 6 (2955) amphibians 40 (19704) reptiles 128 (63054) birds and 29 (140285) mammals have been recorded in Rajeshpur

Hoplobatrachus tigerinus has included in appendix II of CITES Schedule Several species of forest and hill snakes are existing in Rajeshpur because of its close location to the Indian Tripura (alotes versicolor Varanus bengalensis Gekko gecko Mabuya carinata are widely distributed in that area (oluber mucosus and Naja naja are included in the appendix II of CITES Schedule whilst Varanus bengalensis and Varanus ffavescens in appendix I Under the family Bataguridae 3 species of turtle such as Black Pond Turtle (Geocfamys hamiltonii) Median Roofed Turtle (Kachuga tentoria) and Indian Black Turtle (Melanochelys trijuga) are locally endangered species Globally vulnerable Indian Eyed Turtle (Morenia peters) and Median Roofed Turtle (Kachuga tentoria) have been recorded

Presence of 10 species of doves and pigeons were very important Orthotomus sutorius Bradypterus luteoventris Hippolais caigat and Phylfoscopus affinis were observed in the bushy area 35 (27343) species of birds are migratory and 93 (72657) are resident Of the total 128 species of birds 8 species representing the order Piciformes 1 for Upupiformes 5 for Coraciiformes 13 for Cucuiformes 2 Psittaciformes 1 for Apodiformes 7 for Strigiformes 8 for Cuculiformes 1 for Apodiformes 6 for Strigiformes 10 for Columbiformes 1 Gruiformes 23 Cicoriiiformes and 65 species for Passeriformes 1 species of Leporidae (Hystrix indica) and 1 of Hystricid (Lepus nigricoffis) have been recorded there and both of this species are treated as globally endangered

Under primates of the class MammaliaMacaca assamensis and Macaca mulatta are the globally vulnerable and lower risk animal respectively Mus booduga Mus musculus and Rattus rattus are widely distributed

The list of Amphibians Reptiles Birds and Mammals found at the site are given Table 234 and 5 respectively

6 I

8NTFPs

The major gro~h over the area is degraded Sal Recently cane has been planted underneath These are growing well In near future the cane is expected to be a good NTFP for the area in questIon

9 Economic values

Though the direct value of the tree growth is not that high but its intangible values are enormous especially as a site of outing to the city dwellers of Comilla In the district of Comilla this is an important and most conspicuous site for recreation It is attracting more and

Sal forest patch at Rajeshpurmore people every day It has a hIgh value In the context of environment as well

10 Existing Management of the Ecosystem

At present the main thrust is protection Some under planting of cane has been under taken No harvest IS done now A small patch near the beat office has a plantation of Cashue Nut These are sold In auction for collecting the nuts

11 Human Interventions

This sie has a growth of degraded Sallri the past it had good vegetative cover whkh included the thl~k under growth That habitat used to harbor a number of wild lives in abundance These have dIsappeared with time due to pouching and loss of habitat At present under the serious shortage of fuel wood in and around the area the local people around this forest very often come in~o this small patch of forest and collect fuel wood They often cut down the branches and at tIme even trees ColI~ction of leaves that fall on the ground by sweeping is a regular f~ature Thus the forest floor IS completely devoid of any litter Human pressure is definitely very hIgh

12 Existing trends

The prevailing trend in the area is two fold The local people come in to collect leaves branches and tIme even tre~s despIte the watching and guarding by the FD officials in force The city dwellers from ComIlia come here for rest recreation and sight seeing

7 I

13 Land Use Pattern This forest has a large number of small fragmented pieces of agricultural land These agricultural lands are intermingled with the fragmented forest patchesThere village nearby

Thus this area has all the common land-use practices such as agriculture forestry pond fisheries orchards housing etc that are commonly noticed in Bangladesh

14Community Livelihood The adjoining communities are mostly agricultural Along wit~ the farming acti~ities some of the people run petty businesses They have horticultural plants In and around their

rIWamp~~~

Peoples collecting follen leaves from the forest floor a common scenario at the sal forests

homesteads Some have small ponds which they use for growing fish in a very small scale Recently as the visitors have started to visit the site these community are gradually getting

involved in selling small local cottage products as well

15Threats to Ecosystem The most serious threat to the given ecosystem is the human interference in form of the collection of fuel wood including the leaves Almost every year these are fire hazards in this forest patch Some time the local community intentionally lit the fire in the hope to have a

better growth of grassy vegetation

8 I

16 Potentials of Ecosystem

This given patch of forest is small and cannot be managed for harvesting forest produces such as wood etc But because of its vicinity to the urban area this has a very high potential of serving as recreation site The major management goal should be to develop the site in such a manner so that it attracts wild lives especially the birds This site possesses high potential to attract birds of various species The prospect of eco-tourism is quite high

17 Recommendations

This site should be taken up for eco-tourism and necessary facilities required for the purpose may be inculcated The local people should be involved in the whole process so that they get a feeling of ownership to this forest and they can understand that conservation of these sites will bring in benefits to them on a sustainable basis Government should take up programs to develop this forest as an eco-tourism site

Co-management under a participatory concept coupled with the enforcement of law should be the target so that the eco-tourism can flourish in this site

Table 1 List of plant species recorded from Rajeshpur Sal Forest Comilla

SI No Species Family Habit Occurrence

l Acacia auriculiformis Mimosaceae Tree Planted

2 Amangium Mimosaceae Tree Planted

3 Adhatoda vasica Acanthaceae Shrub Cultivated

4 Ageratum conyzoides Asteraceae Herb Common

5 Albizia lebbeck Mimosaceae Tree Planted

6 Aprocera Mimosaceae Tree Planted

7 Alstonia scholaria Apocynaceae Thee Common

8 Ammania baccifera Lythraceae Herb Not very common

9 Anacardium occidentale Anacardiaceae Tree Planted

10 Ananas comosus Bromeliaceae Herb Cultivated

11 Aporosa dioica Euphorbiaceae Tree Not very common

12 Aquilaria agallocha Thymeliaceae Tree Planted

13 Artocarpus heterophyllus Moraceae Tree Planted

14 Averrhoa carambola Averrhoaceae Tree Planted

15 Axonopus compress us Poaceae Herb Common

16 Bombax ceiba Bombacaceae Tree Planted Table continued

--l 9

51 No Species Family Habit OccurrenceHabit OccurrenceFamilySINo Species 52 Leucas lavandulifolia Lamiaceae Herb Common

Poaceae Grass Planted 17 Bambusa baJcooa 53 Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae Tree Planted

Grass Planted 18 Bambusa polymorpha Poaceae 54 Melastoma malabathricum Melastomaceae Shrub Very common

Grass Planted 55 Merremia umbellata Convolvulaceae Climber CommonBambusa tulda Poaceae

Pal mae Tree Common 56 Microcos paniculata Tiliaceae Tree Very common 19

20 Borassus flabellifer Herb Common 57 Mikania scandens Asteraceae Herb Very common Rubiaceae21 Borreria hispida

58 Mimosa pudica Mimosaceae Herb CommonShrub CommonCaesalpinaceae22 Caesalpinia crista 59 Morinda angustifolia Rubiaceae S hrub Not very common

Climber PlantedPalmae23 Calamus guruba 60 Nelsonia canescens Acanthaceae Herb Common Tree Not very common Lecythidaceae24 Careya arborea 61 Oxalis corniculata Oxalidaceae Herb Common Tree Planted

Chikrassia tabularis Meliaceae 62 Phoenix sylvestris Palmae Tree Planted Herb Very common

25 Poaceae 63 Phyllanthus embelica Euphorbiaceae Tree Planted26 Chrysopogon aciculatus

Shrub Common 64 Psidium guajava Myrtaceae Tree PlantedVerbenaceaeClerodendrum viscosum 27 65 Psychotria calocarpa Rubiaceae Shrub CommonHerb CommonCommelinaceae28 Commelina benghalensis 66 Pteris vittata Pteridaceae Fern CommonClimber Planted

29 Daemonorops jenkinsiana Arecaceae 67 Randia dumetorum Rubiaceae Shrub Common

Tree CommonFabaceaeDalbergia stipulacea 30 68 Rumex maritimus Polyonaceae Herb Not common Climber Not very ommon Dilleniaceae3l Delima sarmentosa 69 Rungia pectinata Acanthaceae Herb Common Tree Planted

32 Delonix regia Caesalpinialteae 70 Samanea saman Mimosaceae Tree Planted

Fabaceae Herb Common 71 Scoparia dulcis Scrophulariaceae Herb Common33 Desmodium heterophyllum Herb Common 72 Shorea robusta Dipterocarpaceae Tree DominantPoaceae34 Digittaria sanguinalis

73 Smilax macrophylla Smilacaceae Climber CommonClimber CommonDioscoreaceae35 Dioscorea pentaphylla 74 Swietenia mahagoni Meliaceae Tree PlantedTree PlantedDipterocarpaceae36 Dipterocarpus turbinatus 75 Syzygium cumini Myrtaceae Tree Planted

Polipodiaceae Epiphyte Common 37 Drynaia quercifolia 76 Syzygium fruticosum Myrtaceae Tree Common

Tree Not very common Fabaceae38 Erythrina variegata 77 Tabebuia rosea Bignoniaceae Tree Planted Tree Planted

39 Eucalyptus camaldulensis Myrtaceae 78 Tabernaemontana divaricata Apocynaceae Shrub Common

Asteraceae Shrub Very common 79 Tamarindus indicus Caesalpinaceae Tree Planted40 Eupatorium odoratum Tree Planted 80 Terminalia belerica Combretaceae Tree PlantedMoraceae41 Ficus lachooka

81 T chebula Combretaceae Tree PlantedShrub CommonFlacourtiaceae42 Flacourtia indica 82 Urena lobata Malvaceae Herb Common

Guttiferae Tree Common 43 Garcinia cowa 83 Viscum orientalis Loranthaceae Parasite Common

Guttiferae Tree Rare 44 G lancaefolia 84 Zizyphus rugosa Rhamnaceae Shrub Common

Herb CommonAsteraceae45 Grangea madaraspatana

Asclepiadaceae Climber Common 46 Hemidesmus indicus

Shrub CommonApocynaceae

Tree Planted 47 Holarrhena antidysenterica

Dipterocarpaceae 48 Hopea odorata

49 Jchnocarpus frutescens Apocynaceae Climber Common

Shrub Very common Rubiaceae Shrub Very common

50 Ixora acuminata Rubiaceae

Shrub Common 50 Ixora acuminata

Rubiaceae51 Ixora parviflora Table continued

10 I

l ~

Tabl

e 2

Am

ph

ibia

ns

of R

ajes

hp

ur

stu

dy

area

SL

Ord

er

Fam

ily

Sci

entif

ic N

ame

Eng

lish

Nam

e Lo

cal N

ame

~

N~

~ ~

III

-C

C

~

IV

~

2 ~

-5 a

I 0

CJ

0 V

IzC

gt

zC

gt

VI

u u~

w

I _

uIII

_ II

I u

I

u

1

An

ura

B

ufo

nid

ae

B

ufo

mel

anos

tictu

s C

om

mo

n T

oad

Ku

no

Ban

g N

O

2

Mic

roh

ylid

ae

M

icro

hyla

orn

ata

Orn

ate

Mic

roh

ylid

C

heen

a B

ang

VU

3

Ran

idae

E

uphl

yict

is c

yano

phly

ctis

S

kip

pe

r F

rog

Ko

tko

ti B

ang

NO

4

Hop

loba

trac

hus

tiger

inus

B

ull F

rog

Kol

a B

ang

NO

II

5

Lim

none

ctes

lim

noch

aris

C

rick

et

Fro

g Jh

i-jh

i Ban

g N

O

6

Rh

aco

ph

ori

da

P

olyp

edat

es m

acul

atus

M

acu

late

d T

ree

Fro

g G

echo

Ban

g N

O

Tabl

e 3

Rep

tiles

of R

ajes

hpur

stu

dy a

rea

SL

Ord

er

Fam

ily

Sci

entif

ic N

ame

Eng

lish

Nam

e Lo

cal N

ame

~

No

~

~

II

I -

Cc

II

I IV

C

gt--g

gt-1i

~

0 Ci

0

VI

Z

Cgt

Z

Cgt

VI

u

u

w

I _

uIII

I

uIII_

u

1

Tes

tudi

nes

Bat

agur

idae

G

eocJ

amys

ham

ilton

ii B

lack

po

nd

tu

rtle

K

alo

Kas

im

EN

LR

2

Kac

huga

tect

a In

dian

Roo

fed

Tur

tle

Kor

i K

aitta

N

O

3

Kac

huga

tent

oria

M

edia

n R

oofe

d T

urtle

M

ajha

ri K

aitta

EN

VU

4

Mel

anoc

hely

s tr

ijuga

In

dian

Bla

ckT

urtle

K

asim

EN

LR

5

Mor

enia

pet

ers

Indi

an E

yed

Tur

tle

Hal

dey

Kai

tta

VU

VU

6

Lace

rtili

a T

estu

dini

dae

Man

ouria

em

ys

Asi

an G

iant

Tor

tise

Pah

ari K

sim

CR

7

Gek

koni

dae

Gek

ko g

ecko

W

all L

izar

d T

okkh

ak

VU

8

Hem

idac

tylu

s br

ooki

i H

ouse

Liz

ard

Tik

tiki

NO

Tab

le c

on

tinu

ed

SL

Ord

er

Fam

ily

Sci

entif

ic N

ame

Eng

lish

Nam

e Lo

cal N

ame

cN

o

III

IV

IV

C

III

5

iii

CC

c

IV

c

gt-c

III

2 ~

u a

I 0

CJ

0 V

I Z

Cgt

Z

Cgt

V

I w

u

u

_ u

I II

I

I_ u III

9

U

H

emid

acty

lus

fkav

iviri

dis

Co

mm

on

Hou

se L

izar

d 10

T

iktik

iA

gam

idae

N

OC

alot

es v

ersi

colo

r C

om

mo

n G

arde

n Li

zard

11

R

okto

-cho

sha

Sci

ncid

ae

NO

Mab

uya

carin

ata

Com

mon

Ski

nk

12

Var

anid

ae

Var

anus

ben

gale

nsis

B

enga

l Mo

nit

or

Anj

on

NO

13

G

ui S

hap

VU

Vara

nus

fJav

esce

ns

Yel

low

Mo

nit

or

14

Sho

na G

ui

Ser

pent

es

Typ

hlop

idae

EN

Ram

phot

yphl

ops

bram

inus

C

omm

on W

orm

Sna

ke15

D

um

ukh

a S

hap

NO

Typh

lops

por

rect

us S

lend

er

Wor

m S

nake

16

Du

mu

kha

Sha

p D

DC

olub

rida

e A

haet

ulJa

nas

utus

C

omm

on V

ine

Sna

ke17

La

odog

a S

hap

VU

Aha

etul

Ja p

rasi

na

Sho

rt-n

osed

Vin

e S

nake

18

Laod

oga

Sha

p D

DA

mph

iesm

a st

olat

a S

trip

ped

Kee

lbac

k 19

D

ora

Sha

p N

OA

ltret

ium

sch

isto

sum

O

live

Kee

lbac

k 20

M

aitt

a S

hap

NO

Chy

sope

lea

orna

te

Orn

ate

Fly

ing

Sna

ke21

K

alna

gini

EN

Col

uber

muc

osus

R

at S

nake

22

Dar

ajD

endr

elap

his

pict

us

VU

II

Pai

nted

Bro

nzeb

ack

Tree

Sna

ke23

G

echo

Sha

p VU

Den

drel

aphi

s tri

stis

C

om

mo

n B

ronz

ebac

k Tr

ee S

nake

24

Bet

Anc

hora

VU

Ela

phe

hele

na

Com

mon

Tri

nket

Sna

ke25

D

udhr

aj

ENE

laph

e ra

diat

a C

oppe

r H

ead

Tri

nket

Sna

ke

26

Dud

hraj

EN

Enh

ydris

enh

ydris

C

om

mo

n S

moo

th W

ater

Sna

ke27

P

aina

Sha

p N

OLy

eodo

n au

licus

C

om

mo

n W

olf

Sna

ke28

G

harg

inni

Sha

p V

UO

ligod

on a

lboc

inct

us

Whi

te-b

arre

d K

ukri

Sna

ke

29

DD

Olig

odon

arn

ensi

s C

omm

on K

ukri

Sna

ke

30

DD

Olig

odon

cin

ereu

s B

lack

-bar

red

Kuk

ri S

nake

31

DD

Olig

odon

theo

bald

i M

anda

lay

Kuk

ri S

nake

32

D

DPa

reas

mon

tical

u A

ssam

Sna

il E

ater

33

S

ham

uk-K

hor

DD

Psa

mm

odyn

aste

s pu

lver

ulen

tus

Mo

ckV

ipe

r34

P

ahar

i Sha

p D

DX

enoc

hrop

his

pisc

ator

C

heck

ered

Kee

lbac

k 35

D

hora

Sha

pE

lapi

dae

NO

Bun

garu

s ca

erul

eus

Com

mon

Kra

it 36

K

al K

eote

y EN

Bun

garu

s fa

scia

tus

Ban

ded

Kra

it 37

S

hank

ini S

hap

ENN

aja

kaou

thia

M

on

oce

llate

Cob

ra

38

Gok

hra

Sha

p VU

Naj

anaj

a B

inoc

ella

te C

obra

39

K

hoia

Gok

hra

ENV

iper

idae

1

1Tr

imer

esur

us a

lbol

abris

B

ambo

o P

it V

iper

40

J~

Vip

era

russ

ellii

Rus

sells

Vip

er

DD

C

hand

robo

ra

CR

Tabl

e 3

Bird

s o

f Raj

eshp

ur s

tudy

are

a l~

SL

Ord

er

Fam

ily

Sci

entif

ic N

ame

Eng

lish

Nam

e Lo

cal N

ame

~

III

III

No

C

5

C

iU

c-

g

III

C

gt-

0gt

-~

v -- C

-

II

I a

lO

1)

0

V

C

zg

zO

l

V

middotiii

wu

u~ ~

)

)

cIII

_u

_

u

U

1

Pic

iform

es

Pic

idae

C

eeu

s br

ochy

urus

R

ufou

s W

oodp

ecke

r La

lche

y K

atht

hokr

a R

N

O

2

Den

droc

opos

mac

ei

Fulv

ous-

bres

ted

Woo

dpec

ker

Pakr

a K

atht

hokr

a R

N

O

3

Den

droc

opo

sm

ahre

ttens

is

Yel

low

-fron

ted

Pie

d W

oodp

ecke

r Pa

kra

Kat

htho

kra

R

DO

4

ly

nx to

rqui

lla

Eur

asia

n W

ryne

ck

Met

ho K

atht

hokr

a M

5

D

inop

ium

java

nens

e C

omm

on F

lam

ebac

k R

N

O

6

Din

opiu

m b

engh

aen

se

Bla

ck-r

umpe

d Fl

ameb

ack

Kat

hokr

a R

N

O

7

Meg

alai

mid

ae

Meg

aai

ma

haem

acep

hala

C

oppe

rsm

ith B

arbe

t C

hoto

Bas

anta

Bau

ri R

N

O

8

Meg

aai

ma

inea

te

Line

ated

Bar

bet

Gur

khod

Beg

hbou

R

N

O

9

Upu

pifo

rmes

U

pupi

dae

Upu

pa e

pops

C

omm

on H

oopo

e H

udhu

d5

0lai

man

Pak

hi

R

NO

10

Cor

aciif

orm

es

Cor

aciid

ae

Cor

acia

s be

ngha

ens

is

Indi

an R

olle

r N

ilkan

tha

R

NO

11

Alc

edin

idae

A

lced

o at

this

C

omm

on K

ingf

ishe

r C

hoto

Maa

chra

nga

R

NO

12

H

alcy

on s

myr

nens

is

Whi

teth

roat

ed K

ingf

ishe

r M

aach

rang

a R

N

O

13

Meg

acer

ye

ugu

bris

P

ied

Kin

gfis

her

R

DO

14

M

erop

idae

M

erop

s or

ient

alis

G

reen

Bee

eate

r S

uich

ora

Ban

spat

i R

N

O

15

Cuc

ulifo

rmes

C

ucul

idae

C

acom

antis

mer

ulin

us

Plai

ntiv

e cu

ckoo

C

hata

kiS

orgo

m

R

NO

16

Cuc

uus

sat

urat

us

Orie

ntal

Cuc

koo

M

17

Cen

trip

odid

ae

Cen

tropu

s si

nens

is

Gre

ater

Cou

cal

Kan

akua

Cou

cal

R

NO

18

Ca

mat

or ja

cobi

nus

Pie

d C

ucko

o P

apiy

a R

N

O

19

Cuc

uus

mic

ropt

erus

lndi

an

Cuc

koo

Bou

-Kat

ha-K

ao P

akhi

R

N

O

20

Eud

ynam

ys sc

pa

cea

Asi

an C

ucko

o K

okil

Ku

kil

R

NO

2l

H

iero

cocc

yx v

ariu

s C

omm

on H

awk

Cuc

koo

Cho

khg

elo

Pakh

i R

N

O

22

Phae

nico

phae

us tr

istis

G

reen

-bill

ed M

alko

ha

Sab

uj K

okil

R

NO

23

Apo

difo

rmes

A

podi

dae

Cyp

siur

us b

aa

siens

is

Asi

an P

alm

Sw

ift

Nak

kati

R

NO

24

Stri

gifo

rmes

T

yton

idae

Ty

toa

ba

Bar

n O

wl

Laxm

i Pen

cha

R

NO

Tab

le c

ontin

ued

SL

Ord

er

Fam

ily

Sci

entif

ic N

ame

Eng

lish

Nam

e Lo

cal N

ame

~

No

II

I II

I

C

5

C

0

1 ]

III

~

cgt

shy~

vC

0

gt-

V

III

alO

i3

0

C

zOl

zO

l

V

middotiii

Wu~ u~

~II

I

)

)

c

_

u

_u

U

25

Stri

gida

e A

then

e br

oma

Spo

tted

Ow

let

Khu

rule

y Pe

ncha

R

N

O

26

Bub

o be

nga

ensi

s R

ock

Eag

le O

wl

Hut

um P

ench

a R

N

O

27

Ket

upa

zey

onen

sis

Bro

wn

Fish

Ow

l B

hutu

m P

ench

a R

VU

28

N

inox

scu

tua

ta

Bro

wn

Haw

k O

wl

Kup

okh

R

NO

29

Cap

rimul

gida

e C

aprim

ugu

s m

acru

rus

Larg

e-ta

iled

Nig

ht ja

r R

atch

ara

R

NO

30

Col

umbi

form

es C

olum

bida

e C

olum

ba i

via

Roc

k P

igeo

n J

alal

i Kab

utor

R

N

O

31

Duc

ua

aene

a G

reen

Im

peria

l Pig

eon

Dhu

mko

l R

D

O32

S

trept

ope

ia c

hin

ensis

S

potte

d D

ove

Tila

Ghu

ghu

R

NO

33

Stre

ptop

eia

dec

aoct

a E

uras

ian

Col

lare

d D

ove

Raj G

hugh

uD

hoba

l R

N

O

Ghu

ghu

34

Stre

ptop

eia

tran

queb

aric

a R

ed C

olla

red

Dov

e La

l Ghu

ghu

Jon

gla

R

NO

G

hugh

u35

Tr

eron

api

caud

a Pi

n-ta

iled

Gre

en P

igeo

n H

oria

lH

orik

ol

R

CR36

T

rero

n bi

cinc

ta

Ora

nge-

brea

sted

Gre

en P

igeo

n H

oria

lH

orik

ol

R

NO

37

Trer

on p

hoen

icop

tera

Y

ello

w-f

oote

d G

reen

Pig

eon

Hor

iallB

otko

l R

N

O38

Tr

eron

pom

pado

ra

Pom

pado

ur G

reen

Pig

eon

Cho

to H

oria

l R

N

O

39

Stre

ptop

elia

orie

ntal

is

Orie

ntal

Tur

tle D

ove

Ghu

ghu

M39

S

trept

ope

ia o

rient

ais

O

rient

al T

urtle

Dov

e G

hugh

u M

40

Gru

iform

es

Ral

lidae

A

mau

rorn

is p

hoen

icur

us

Whi

te-b

reas

ted

Wat

erhe

n D

ahuk

R

N

O

41

Cic

oniif

orm

es

Jaca

nida

e B

ronz

e-w

ing

ed Jlt

can

a R

o

42

Cha

radr

iidae

R

ed-I

middotta tt1~

Lap

(

o lt

=

43

Acc

ipltr

idae

44

~

-r

-$

-

_

~__~

-

bull _

45

~2--

--

c

46

~-~

~

Ju

l~

cSL

O

rder

Fa

mily

S

cien

tific

Nam

e E

nglis

h N

ame

Loca

l Nam

e II

I el

lel

lN

o

1l

3

III

i6

1l

c

ell

cc

gt

c ~~

II

I

el

l co

0

J

0 V

I

1l

Z

o-

Zo

-V

I w

v

v

el

l J

ill

cc

-v

2a

u

47

Milv

us m

igra

ns

Bla

ck K

ite

Bhu

bon

Chi

l R

N

O

48

Circ

us c

yane

us

Hen

Har

rier

M

49

Pan

dion

ha

iaet

us

Osp

rey

Mec

ho B

aaj

M

50

Falc

onid

ae

Falc

o ch

icqu

era

Red

-nec

ked

Falc

on

Tur

mut

i R

D

D

LR

51

Falc

o tin

nunc

ulus

C

omm

on K

estre

l M

52

P

hala

croc

orac

idae

P

hala

croc

orax

nig

er

Littl

e C

orm

oran

t P

aan-

kow

ri R

N

O

53

Ard

eida

e A

rdeo

la g

rayi

i Ind

ian

Pon

d H

eron

K

ani B

okK

ana

Bok

R

N

O

54

Bub

ulcu

s ib

is

Cat

tle E

gret

G

o-bo

k R

N

O

55

But

orid

es s

triat

us

Littl

e E

gret

C

hoto

Bok

R

N

O

56

Dup

etor

fav

icol

is

Bla

ck B

itter

n K

alo

Bok

R

D

D

57

Ixob

rych

us m

inut

us

Littl

e B

itter

n K

hude

y B

ok

R

DD

58

Ixob

rych

us s

inen

sis

Yel

low

Bitt

ern

Hol

dey

Bok

R

N

O

59

Mes

opho

yx in

term

edia

In

term

edia

te E

gret

M

aijla

Bok

R

N

O

60

Nyc

ticor

ax n

ictic

orax

B

lack

-cro

wne

d N

ight

Her

on

Waa

klN

ishi

Bok

R

N

O

61

Sco

lopa

cida

e A

ctiti

s hy

pole

ucos

C

omm

on S

andp

iper

M

62

Gal

inag

o ga

lina

go

Fant

ail S

nipe

K

ada-

khoc

ha

M

63

Gal

linag

o st

enur

a P

inta

il S

nipe

K

ada-

khoc

ha

M

64

P

asse

rifor

mes

Lan

iidae

La

nius

sch

ach

Long

-tai

led

Shr

ike

Bag

haT

iki

R

NO

65

Lani

us c

rista

tus

Bro

wn

Shr

ike

Bad

ami K

osha

i Pak

hi

M

66

Lani

us te

phro

notu

s G

reyb

acke

d S

hrik

e K

osha

i Pak

hi

M

67

Cor

vida

e C

orvu

s m

acro

rhyn

chos

Ju

ngle

Cro

w

Dan

r Ka

k R

N

O

68

Cor

vus

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Refere

Brandis D 1906lndian Trees Periodical Experts Book agency Delhi 767 pp

FAO 1988 Land Resources Approsal of Bangladesh for Agricultural Development Agroecolo(( I Regions ofBangladesh BGD81035 Technical Report 2570 pp

Heining RL 1925 Lists ofplants ofChittagong Collectorate and Hill Tracts Darjeeling India 84 pp

Nishat A Huq SMlmamul Barua Suvashis P Reza Ali AHM Khan Moniruzzaman A5 (eds)

2002 Bio-ecological Zones ofBangladeshIUCN Bangladesh Country Office 141 pp

Prain D 1903 Bengal plants Vol 1 amp2 Calcutta

1 I

  • cover amp back
  • Untitled
Page 5: Biodiversity of...Biodiversity of Rajeshpur Sal Forest, Comilla II I -Junaid K Choudhury Shekhar R Biswas M.Sazedullslam Oliur Rahman Sardar l\Iasir Uddin IUCN -The Wrold Conservation

Step 1 Collection of secondary information

Available information the maps and relevant information about the selected study sites were collected as far as possible

Step 2 Collection of primary information

Floral diversity

We visited the ecosystem During these visits the flora found in the ecosystem were observed and noted This technique is chosen after consideration of feasibility of working in the natural forest economy and availability of time as described by Ray (1993) Their relative abundances were estimated while walking through the given ecosystem The heights of the top canopy were noted The forest management and related forestry aspects were noted Trees were identified and any specialized character or peculiarities of the vegetation were noted For proper identification of the species specimens have been collected and these materials are pressed so that herbarium sheets may be prepared and the species are properly identified later The soil water regime aspects GPS and related things were observed and noted The trees were identified following Heining (1925) Brandis (1906) and Prain (1903) Taxonomic literatures were consulted for correct nomenclature of the taxa

Faunal diversity

Data collection was based on the direct animal observation in the field However where the animal is not immediately available or it was difficult to locate or trace observations were made on foot print trailing tracks burrows nest animal holes carves on the tree trunks or fruits made by the animals etc For obtaining a better idea of the existing nocturnal faunal population with respect to species and abundance some observations were taken during early parts of the night Some observations were taken during the early hours of the morning and during the sunset times (evening hours) especially to note the bird species and their abundance Some affords were made to see the snakes if any Flying birds were also taken into account Besides local people were interviewed to ascertain the existence and to assess the states the animals In addition other techniques like photo flashing spot lighting sound tracking etc were used where necessary Uses of binoculars were made when necessary Animals were identified up to species level Standard field books field manuals notebooks were used for the identification process The species which were not possible to identify in the field brought with proper labeling for its subsequent identification

Ecosystem in general

Detailed discussions were held with the local forest staff officials neighboring community and experienced persons for obtaining information about the ecosystem especially to identify the threats and potentials With the help and assistance of the local forest staff and officials a few of the local old well conversant and knowledgeable personnel living in and around the ecosystem were invited for discussion

2 I

Collection of secondary information

Collection of primary information

Literature review

Field visit

Discussion

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Background

Maps

History

Bio-zone findings

Physiography and climate

Human interventions

Potentialities

Floral diversity

Faunal diversity

Ecosystem status

Threats

Economic value

Human intervention

Potentialities

Data analysis

Ecosystem survey activities outline

3 Physiography and climate

The topography of the site is raised flat land th r adjoining lands are paddy fields wherein m t~1 ved s ~gh undulations here and there The site in general is roughly above ~O teet f degtSh y ram e nce IS grown by puddling the soil The

rom e mean sea level

3 I

The soil of the site that we visited is reddish in color since it has some iron ores The soil is very hard when dry and become very soft and sticky when wet We have estimated from the vegetation over there that this soil is more acidic then that we normally encounter in our agricultural fields Since the locals remove most of the liters from forest floor for use as fuel the soil has tremendous shortage of humusThe soil fertility looks to be very low

The area in general has a few small canals but none has the perennial stream flow This speaks of the poor water regime that this area in general experiences The site under the forest being small in size do not have any impact on the water regime but there is microclimatic impact of the tree cover at the site The temperature inside the forest is lower than its surrounding More over since the stocking is poor and since the major cover is composed of deciduous species its contribution towards the water regime is of no notable significance

The climate is tropical in general The average rainfall ranges between 2030 and 2290 mm and the temperature is maximum 33degC and minimum 10degC The nearest weather station is at Comilla According to the Statistical Year Book 1999 at this station (Comilla) the average annual rainfall is 2079 mm the maximum monthly average temperature is 33degC in July and the minimum monthly average temperature is 117degC in January The humidity is highest in July (90) and lowest in February (77)The rainfall however is not well distributed through out the

year

4 Biozone According to Nishat et al (2002) this area is under the Bio-Ecological Zone - 9c It has been designated as Lalmai-Tipperah Hills According to Bangladesh agro ecological zoning (FAO 1988) this site is under Region 22 designated as Northern and Eastern Piedmont Plains These areas are supposed to be subjected to more of flash floods The texture of the soil in general is supposed to be sandy loam to silty clay and more acidic than the adjoining

ecological zones

According to the Bio-Ecological Zone of Bangladesh published by IUCN this area has been designated as Zone 9c under the name Lalmai-Tipperah Hills The expected floral and faunal composition in this zone is expected to be as

under

Flora Trees Sal (Shorea robusta) Sonalu (Cassia fistula) Kanthal (Artocarpus heterophyllus)Taal (Borassus flabellifer) Shrubs and herbs Bhant (Clerodendrum viscosum) Assam Lata (Mikania scandens) Shothi (Curcuma zeodaria) Motkila

(Glycosmis arboreal

FaunaMammals Indian porcupine (Hystrix indica) Rufous-tailed hare (Lepus nigricollis) Indian false vampire (Megaderma

lyra) Indian pygmy pipistrelle (Pipistrellus mimus) BirdsWhite-rumped Shama (Copsychus malabaricus) Lesser necklaced laughing thrush (Garrulax moniliger) Reptiles Cantors kukri snake (Oygodon cyclurus) Common wolf snake (Lycodon aulicus) Indian eyed turtle (Morenia

petersi)middot _ Amphibians Bull frog (Hopobatrachus tigerinus) Cricket frog (Limnonectes limnocharis)

4 I

5 Existing Ecosystem

T~e site that we ~isited may be treated as on ecosystem The growing stock of degraded sal is t e top canop~ ~I~ce a couple years back the FD has started to under plant cane in between the sa~The adJomlng comm~~ity often collects the liters of dry sal leaves Virtually there was no un ergrowt~ when we VISited the site in the month of March During monsoon eriods however these sites get some undergrowth ofvarious mixed species p

Among the he~baceous taxa Ageratum conyzoides Axonopus compressus Borrerria his ida Chrysopogon aCiculatus Desmodium heterophylum and Leucas lavandulifolia are more com~on ~h~bs ~~monIY obse~ved mcl~des Clerodendrum viscosum Eupatorium odoratum Flacourti In I~a 0 arrhena antldysentenca Ixora acuminata Melastoma melabatrhicum Microcos panJc~ata Psychotna calocarpa Randia dumetorum and Zizyphus rugosa Som I b seen In the forest t f h h e c 1m ers are ou 0 w IC Hemldesmus in dicus Ichnocarpus frutescens and Smilax

~~cr~carp~ a~~ ver~ common Plantation of Kajubadam (Anacardium occidantalis) Akasmoni theaf~~e~t~ncu I ormls) and Mangium (Acacia mangium) has done successfully in some part of

Th~ fo~est i~ well protected fro~ illegal felling and encroachment The plantations of Acacia aur~culIforlsal~d A manglUm raise as participatory plantation by Forest Department are being mhamtalme we Now the FD is also raising plantations of Rattan (Calumus guruba) underneath t e sa

6 Flora

~~ forest is ~f ~e~id~ous type dominated by only Sal (Shorea robusta) The forest is less diverse 40 caTnopy elg to the forest ranges from 15-20 m and canopy coverage is apprOXimately

0 70 rees are mainly result of regeneration of coppice from old trees and therefore most of the trees are not straight but deformed The mode of regeneration is not good and most of the saplings are suffering from dieback In the past there were other tree species mixed with Sal The undergrowth of the forest is very poor Only few shrubs and herbs are found and they have

-

Effect ofrepeated burning on Shorea seedling

been suffering from drought and low fertility of the soil Rajashpur Sal forest with an area of ca 587 ha is the largest chunk of natural Sal forest in Com ilia

The important tree species of Rajeshpur forest are Shorea robusta Acacia auriculiformis A mangium and Anacardium occidentalis Fruit yielding plants such as Ananas comosus Artocarpus heterophyffus Garcinia cowa Mangifera indica and Syzygium cumini have been encountered in adjoining localities Some species of plants that are used by the locals for medicine viz Eupatorium odoratum Hemidesmus indicus Holarrhena antidysenterica and Mikania scandensl have been encountered during our survey A total of 84 species were recorded from this forest and its surroundings of which 30 species are either introduced or plated A list of the species that we have found during this survey on March 92004 is given in Table 1

7 Fauna

A total of 6 (2955) amphibians 40 (19704) reptiles 128 (63054) birds and 29 (140285) mammals have been recorded in Rajeshpur

Hoplobatrachus tigerinus has included in appendix II of CITES Schedule Several species of forest and hill snakes are existing in Rajeshpur because of its close location to the Indian Tripura (alotes versicolor Varanus bengalensis Gekko gecko Mabuya carinata are widely distributed in that area (oluber mucosus and Naja naja are included in the appendix II of CITES Schedule whilst Varanus bengalensis and Varanus ffavescens in appendix I Under the family Bataguridae 3 species of turtle such as Black Pond Turtle (Geocfamys hamiltonii) Median Roofed Turtle (Kachuga tentoria) and Indian Black Turtle (Melanochelys trijuga) are locally endangered species Globally vulnerable Indian Eyed Turtle (Morenia peters) and Median Roofed Turtle (Kachuga tentoria) have been recorded

Presence of 10 species of doves and pigeons were very important Orthotomus sutorius Bradypterus luteoventris Hippolais caigat and Phylfoscopus affinis were observed in the bushy area 35 (27343) species of birds are migratory and 93 (72657) are resident Of the total 128 species of birds 8 species representing the order Piciformes 1 for Upupiformes 5 for Coraciiformes 13 for Cucuiformes 2 Psittaciformes 1 for Apodiformes 7 for Strigiformes 8 for Cuculiformes 1 for Apodiformes 6 for Strigiformes 10 for Columbiformes 1 Gruiformes 23 Cicoriiiformes and 65 species for Passeriformes 1 species of Leporidae (Hystrix indica) and 1 of Hystricid (Lepus nigricoffis) have been recorded there and both of this species are treated as globally endangered

Under primates of the class MammaliaMacaca assamensis and Macaca mulatta are the globally vulnerable and lower risk animal respectively Mus booduga Mus musculus and Rattus rattus are widely distributed

The list of Amphibians Reptiles Birds and Mammals found at the site are given Table 234 and 5 respectively

6 I

8NTFPs

The major gro~h over the area is degraded Sal Recently cane has been planted underneath These are growing well In near future the cane is expected to be a good NTFP for the area in questIon

9 Economic values

Though the direct value of the tree growth is not that high but its intangible values are enormous especially as a site of outing to the city dwellers of Comilla In the district of Comilla this is an important and most conspicuous site for recreation It is attracting more and

Sal forest patch at Rajeshpurmore people every day It has a hIgh value In the context of environment as well

10 Existing Management of the Ecosystem

At present the main thrust is protection Some under planting of cane has been under taken No harvest IS done now A small patch near the beat office has a plantation of Cashue Nut These are sold In auction for collecting the nuts

11 Human Interventions

This sie has a growth of degraded Sallri the past it had good vegetative cover whkh included the thl~k under growth That habitat used to harbor a number of wild lives in abundance These have dIsappeared with time due to pouching and loss of habitat At present under the serious shortage of fuel wood in and around the area the local people around this forest very often come in~o this small patch of forest and collect fuel wood They often cut down the branches and at tIme even trees ColI~ction of leaves that fall on the ground by sweeping is a regular f~ature Thus the forest floor IS completely devoid of any litter Human pressure is definitely very hIgh

12 Existing trends

The prevailing trend in the area is two fold The local people come in to collect leaves branches and tIme even tre~s despIte the watching and guarding by the FD officials in force The city dwellers from ComIlia come here for rest recreation and sight seeing

7 I

13 Land Use Pattern This forest has a large number of small fragmented pieces of agricultural land These agricultural lands are intermingled with the fragmented forest patchesThere village nearby

Thus this area has all the common land-use practices such as agriculture forestry pond fisheries orchards housing etc that are commonly noticed in Bangladesh

14Community Livelihood The adjoining communities are mostly agricultural Along wit~ the farming acti~ities some of the people run petty businesses They have horticultural plants In and around their

rIWamp~~~

Peoples collecting follen leaves from the forest floor a common scenario at the sal forests

homesteads Some have small ponds which they use for growing fish in a very small scale Recently as the visitors have started to visit the site these community are gradually getting

involved in selling small local cottage products as well

15Threats to Ecosystem The most serious threat to the given ecosystem is the human interference in form of the collection of fuel wood including the leaves Almost every year these are fire hazards in this forest patch Some time the local community intentionally lit the fire in the hope to have a

better growth of grassy vegetation

8 I

16 Potentials of Ecosystem

This given patch of forest is small and cannot be managed for harvesting forest produces such as wood etc But because of its vicinity to the urban area this has a very high potential of serving as recreation site The major management goal should be to develop the site in such a manner so that it attracts wild lives especially the birds This site possesses high potential to attract birds of various species The prospect of eco-tourism is quite high

17 Recommendations

This site should be taken up for eco-tourism and necessary facilities required for the purpose may be inculcated The local people should be involved in the whole process so that they get a feeling of ownership to this forest and they can understand that conservation of these sites will bring in benefits to them on a sustainable basis Government should take up programs to develop this forest as an eco-tourism site

Co-management under a participatory concept coupled with the enforcement of law should be the target so that the eco-tourism can flourish in this site

Table 1 List of plant species recorded from Rajeshpur Sal Forest Comilla

SI No Species Family Habit Occurrence

l Acacia auriculiformis Mimosaceae Tree Planted

2 Amangium Mimosaceae Tree Planted

3 Adhatoda vasica Acanthaceae Shrub Cultivated

4 Ageratum conyzoides Asteraceae Herb Common

5 Albizia lebbeck Mimosaceae Tree Planted

6 Aprocera Mimosaceae Tree Planted

7 Alstonia scholaria Apocynaceae Thee Common

8 Ammania baccifera Lythraceae Herb Not very common

9 Anacardium occidentale Anacardiaceae Tree Planted

10 Ananas comosus Bromeliaceae Herb Cultivated

11 Aporosa dioica Euphorbiaceae Tree Not very common

12 Aquilaria agallocha Thymeliaceae Tree Planted

13 Artocarpus heterophyllus Moraceae Tree Planted

14 Averrhoa carambola Averrhoaceae Tree Planted

15 Axonopus compress us Poaceae Herb Common

16 Bombax ceiba Bombacaceae Tree Planted Table continued

--l 9

51 No Species Family Habit OccurrenceHabit OccurrenceFamilySINo Species 52 Leucas lavandulifolia Lamiaceae Herb Common

Poaceae Grass Planted 17 Bambusa baJcooa 53 Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae Tree Planted

Grass Planted 18 Bambusa polymorpha Poaceae 54 Melastoma malabathricum Melastomaceae Shrub Very common

Grass Planted 55 Merremia umbellata Convolvulaceae Climber CommonBambusa tulda Poaceae

Pal mae Tree Common 56 Microcos paniculata Tiliaceae Tree Very common 19

20 Borassus flabellifer Herb Common 57 Mikania scandens Asteraceae Herb Very common Rubiaceae21 Borreria hispida

58 Mimosa pudica Mimosaceae Herb CommonShrub CommonCaesalpinaceae22 Caesalpinia crista 59 Morinda angustifolia Rubiaceae S hrub Not very common

Climber PlantedPalmae23 Calamus guruba 60 Nelsonia canescens Acanthaceae Herb Common Tree Not very common Lecythidaceae24 Careya arborea 61 Oxalis corniculata Oxalidaceae Herb Common Tree Planted

Chikrassia tabularis Meliaceae 62 Phoenix sylvestris Palmae Tree Planted Herb Very common

25 Poaceae 63 Phyllanthus embelica Euphorbiaceae Tree Planted26 Chrysopogon aciculatus

Shrub Common 64 Psidium guajava Myrtaceae Tree PlantedVerbenaceaeClerodendrum viscosum 27 65 Psychotria calocarpa Rubiaceae Shrub CommonHerb CommonCommelinaceae28 Commelina benghalensis 66 Pteris vittata Pteridaceae Fern CommonClimber Planted

29 Daemonorops jenkinsiana Arecaceae 67 Randia dumetorum Rubiaceae Shrub Common

Tree CommonFabaceaeDalbergia stipulacea 30 68 Rumex maritimus Polyonaceae Herb Not common Climber Not very ommon Dilleniaceae3l Delima sarmentosa 69 Rungia pectinata Acanthaceae Herb Common Tree Planted

32 Delonix regia Caesalpinialteae 70 Samanea saman Mimosaceae Tree Planted

Fabaceae Herb Common 71 Scoparia dulcis Scrophulariaceae Herb Common33 Desmodium heterophyllum Herb Common 72 Shorea robusta Dipterocarpaceae Tree DominantPoaceae34 Digittaria sanguinalis

73 Smilax macrophylla Smilacaceae Climber CommonClimber CommonDioscoreaceae35 Dioscorea pentaphylla 74 Swietenia mahagoni Meliaceae Tree PlantedTree PlantedDipterocarpaceae36 Dipterocarpus turbinatus 75 Syzygium cumini Myrtaceae Tree Planted

Polipodiaceae Epiphyte Common 37 Drynaia quercifolia 76 Syzygium fruticosum Myrtaceae Tree Common

Tree Not very common Fabaceae38 Erythrina variegata 77 Tabebuia rosea Bignoniaceae Tree Planted Tree Planted

39 Eucalyptus camaldulensis Myrtaceae 78 Tabernaemontana divaricata Apocynaceae Shrub Common

Asteraceae Shrub Very common 79 Tamarindus indicus Caesalpinaceae Tree Planted40 Eupatorium odoratum Tree Planted 80 Terminalia belerica Combretaceae Tree PlantedMoraceae41 Ficus lachooka

81 T chebula Combretaceae Tree PlantedShrub CommonFlacourtiaceae42 Flacourtia indica 82 Urena lobata Malvaceae Herb Common

Guttiferae Tree Common 43 Garcinia cowa 83 Viscum orientalis Loranthaceae Parasite Common

Guttiferae Tree Rare 44 G lancaefolia 84 Zizyphus rugosa Rhamnaceae Shrub Common

Herb CommonAsteraceae45 Grangea madaraspatana

Asclepiadaceae Climber Common 46 Hemidesmus indicus

Shrub CommonApocynaceae

Tree Planted 47 Holarrhena antidysenterica

Dipterocarpaceae 48 Hopea odorata

49 Jchnocarpus frutescens Apocynaceae Climber Common

Shrub Very common Rubiaceae Shrub Very common

50 Ixora acuminata Rubiaceae

Shrub Common 50 Ixora acuminata

Rubiaceae51 Ixora parviflora Table continued

10 I

l ~

Tabl

e 2

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ph

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ns

of R

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area

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ily

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entif

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lish

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Rep

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DD

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31

DD

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32

D

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DD

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pisc

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Com

mon

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K

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scia

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Ban

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Tabl

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10

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an R

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r N

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tha

R

NO

11

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edin

idae

A

lced

o at

this

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omm

on K

ingf

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r C

hoto

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chra

nga

R

NO

12

H

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on s

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nens

is

Whi

teth

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ed K

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r M

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rang

a R

N

O

13

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acer

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bris

P

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Kin

gfis

her

R

DO

14

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s or

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alis

G

reen

Bee

eate

r S

uich

ora

Ban

spat

i R

N

O

15

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ulifo

rmes

C

ucul

idae

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acom

antis

mer

ulin

us

Plai

ntiv

e cu

ckoo

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hata

kiS

orgo

m

R

NO

16

Cuc

uus

sat

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us

Orie

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koo

M

17

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trip

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ae

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tropu

s si

nens

is

Gre

ater

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cal

Kan

akua

Cou

cal

R

NO

18

Ca

mat

or ja

cobi

nus

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d C

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o P

apiy

a R

N

O

19

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mic

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erus

lndi

an

Cuc

koo

Bou

-Kat

ha-K

ao P

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R

N

O

20

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ynam

ys sc

pa

cea

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an C

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o K

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kil

R

NO

2l

H

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cocc

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s C

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on H

awk

Cuc

koo

Cho

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Pakh

i R

N

O

22

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nico

phae

us tr

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G

reen

-bill

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ha

Sab

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R

NO

23

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A

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dae

Cyp

siur

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aa

siens

is

Asi

an P

alm

Sw

ift

Nak

kati

R

NO

24

Stri

gifo

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yton

idae

Ty

toa

ba

Bar

n O

wl

Laxm

i Pen

cha

R

NO

Tab

le c

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ued

SL

Ord

er

Fam

ily

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lish

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rule

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N

O

26

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ock

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le O

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a R

N

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27

Ket

upa

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sis

Bro

wn

Fish

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l B

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28

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wl

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29

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rimul

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r R

atch

ara

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NO

30

Col

umbi

form

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Roc

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alal

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utor

R

N

O

31

Duc

ua

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reen

Im

peria

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eon

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mko

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D

O32

S

trept

ope

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hin

ensis

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potte

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ove

Tila

Ghu

ghu

R

NO

33

Stre

ptop

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dec

aoct

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uras

ian

Col

lare

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ove

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uD

hoba

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N

O

Ghu

ghu

34

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ptop

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olla

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ghu

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gla

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NO

G

hugh

u35

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eron

api

caud

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n-ta

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Gre

en P

igeo

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oria

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R

CR36

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rero

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cinc

ta

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brea

sted

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en P

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oria

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ol

R

NO

37

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on p

hoen

icop

tera

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ello

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reen

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eon

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iallB

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N

O38

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eron

pom

pado

ra

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to H

oria

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N

O

39

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ptop

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ntal

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ntal

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tle D

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S

trept

ope

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rient

ais

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rient

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urtle

Dov

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hugh

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40

Gru

iform

es

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lidae

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mau

rorn

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hoen

icur

us

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te-b

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ted

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erhe

n D

ahuk

R

N

O

41

Cic

oniif

orm

es

Jaca

nida

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ronz

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ing

ed Jlt

can

a R

o

42

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radr

iidae

R

ed-I

middotta tt1~

Lap

(

o lt

=

43

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ipltr

idae

44

~

-r

-$

-

_

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bull _

45

~2--

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c

46

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l~

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tific

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cc

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c ~~

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el

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cc

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ite

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bon

Chi

l R

N

O

48

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Har

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M

49

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dion

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50

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icqu

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Red

-nec

ked

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on

Tur

mut

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D

D

LR

51

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o tin

nunc

ulus

C

omm

on K

estre

l M

52

P

hala

croc

orac

idae

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hala

croc

orax

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er

Littl

e C

orm

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t P

aan-

kow

ri R

N

O

53

Ard

eida

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rdeo

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rayi

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ian

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eron

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ani B

okK

ana

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R

N

O

54

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ulcu

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is

Cat

tle E

gret

G

o-bo

k R

N

O

55

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orid

es s

triat

us

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e E

gret

C

hoto

Bok

R

N

O

56

Dup

etor

fav

icol

is

Bla

ck B

itter

n K

alo

Bok

R

D

D

57

Ixob

rych

us m

inut

us

Littl

e B

itter

n K

hude

y B

ok

R

DD

58

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rych

us s

inen

sis

Yel

low

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ern

Hol

dey

Bok

R

N

O

59

Mes

opho

yx in

term

edia

In

term

edia

te E

gret

M

aijla

Bok

R

N

O

60

Nyc

ticor

ax n

ictic

orax

B

lack

-cro

wne

d N

ight

Her

on

Waa

klN

ishi

Bok

R

N

O

61

Sco

lopa

cida

e A

ctiti

s hy

pole

ucos

C

omm

on S

andp

iper

M

62

Gal

inag

o ga

lina

go

Fant

ail S

nipe

K

ada-

khoc

ha

M

63

Gal

linag

o st

enur

a P

inta

il S

nipe

K

ada-

khoc

ha

M

64

P

asse

rifor

mes

Lan

iidae

La

nius

sch

ach

Long

-tai

led

Shr

ike

Bag

haT

iki

R

NO

65

Lani

us c

rista

tus

Bro

wn

Shr

ike

Bad

ami K

osha

i Pak

hi

M

66

Lani

us te

phro

notu

s G

reyb

acke

d S

hrik

e K

osha

i Pak

hi

M

67

Cor

vida

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orvu

s m

acro

rhyn

chos

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ngle

Cro

w

Dan

r Ka

k R

N

O

68

Cor

vus

sple

nden

s H

ouse

Cro

w

Pat

i Kak

lKau

a R

N

O

69

Den

droc

itta

vaga

bund

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ufus

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epie

H

anric

hach

aK

utum

R

N

O

70

Aeg

ithin

a tip

hia

Com

mon

lora

T

owfik

Fat

ikja

l R

N

O

71

Orio

lus

xant

hom

us

Bla

ck-h

eade

d O

riole

H

olde

y P

akhi

R

N

O

72

Dic

ruru

s ae

neus

B

ronz

ed D

rong

o C

hoto

Fin

gey

R

NO

Tab

le c

on

tin

ue

d

SL

Ord

er

Fam

ily

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entif

ic N

ame

Eng

lish

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e Lo

cal N

ame

c

III

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el

l el

l 1

l

3

II

I i6

1

lc

el

l c

--c~ ~~

C

II

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ell

J

0 V

IC

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v

v

J

III

J II

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el

l -v

-v

U

73

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s m

acro

cerc

us

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ck D

rong

o F

inge

y R

N

O

74

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mus

fusc

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Ash

y W

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wal

low

La

tora

R

N

O

75

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acin

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rge

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koos

hrik

e G

udhu

ka

R

NO

76

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eric

roco

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all M

iniv

et

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li R

N

O

77

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on W

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hrik

e R

N

O

78

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pidu

ra a

lbic

olis

W

hite

-thr

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l Le

jnac

hani

R

N

O

79

Mus

cica

pida

e C

opsy

chus

sau

laris

O

rient

al M

agpi

e R

obin

D

oelD

oina

chan

i R

N

O

80

Cul

icic

apa

ceyl

onen

sis

Gre

y-he

aded

Can

ary

Fly

catc

her

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futi

R

NO

81

S

axic

olac

apra

ta

Pie

d B

usnc

hat

R

NO

82

C

haim

arro

rnis

leuc

ocep

halu

s W

hite

-cap

ped

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er R

edst

art

M

83

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rnis

tick

ellia

e T

icke

lls B

lue

Fly

catc

her

M

84

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yias

thal

assi

fa

Ver

dite

r F

lyca

tche

r M

85

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cedu

la p

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catc

her

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ook

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tok

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86

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inia

cal

iope

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iber

ian

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yThr

oat

M

87

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inia

sve

cica

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t M

88

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lock

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k Th

rush

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89

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tone

chat

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90

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91

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92

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te-v

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yna

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DD

93

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crid

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lik

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94

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crid

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is

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mon

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hat S

halik

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N

O

95

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rnus

con

tra

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an P

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ling

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96

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tarli

ng

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h S

halik

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97

Hiru

ndin

idae

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irund

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uric

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arn

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allo

w

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bil

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idae

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rus

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atT

it

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ily

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lish

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bul

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l R

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O

101

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102

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bul

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ahi B

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li R

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103

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O

104

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6

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acoc

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ated

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rd

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8

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mus

sut

oriu

s C

omm

on T

ailo

rbird

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untu

nilT

uni

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NO

10

9

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udat

us

Com

mon

Bab

bler

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D

D

110

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rdoi

des

earle

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triat

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abbl

er

R

NO

11

1

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ocep

halu

s du

met

orum

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lyth

s R

eed

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bler

M

11

2

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dypt

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wn

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bler

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lB

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ippo

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114

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115

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116

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117

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118

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ple-

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9

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ery

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chos

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ale-

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low

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uljh

uri

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12

0

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ae

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mal

abar

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bill

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NO

12

1

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pun

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ata

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ly-b

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ted

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ia

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ia

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2

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er d

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ticus

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ouse

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N

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123

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hilip

pinu

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ayaW

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r B

abui

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i R

N

O

124

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otac

illa

mad

eras

pate

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W

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tail

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12

5

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hus

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live-

back

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ipit

M

126

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nthu

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fulu

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addy

field

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it M

12

7

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acill

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12

8

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tail

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Tab

le 4

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mal

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lish

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man

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an P

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trelle

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8

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mim

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O

9

Prim

ates

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Mac

aca

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sis

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10

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aca

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Refere

Brandis D 1906lndian Trees Periodical Experts Book agency Delhi 767 pp

FAO 1988 Land Resources Approsal of Bangladesh for Agricultural Development Agroecolo(( I Regions ofBangladesh BGD81035 Technical Report 2570 pp

Heining RL 1925 Lists ofplants ofChittagong Collectorate and Hill Tracts Darjeeling India 84 pp

Nishat A Huq SMlmamul Barua Suvashis P Reza Ali AHM Khan Moniruzzaman A5 (eds)

2002 Bio-ecological Zones ofBangladeshIUCN Bangladesh Country Office 141 pp

Prain D 1903 Bengal plants Vol 1 amp2 Calcutta

1 I

  • cover amp back
  • Untitled
Page 6: Biodiversity of...Biodiversity of Rajeshpur Sal Forest, Comilla II I -Junaid K Choudhury Shekhar R Biswas M.Sazedullslam Oliur Rahman Sardar l\Iasir Uddin IUCN -The Wrold Conservation

The soil of the site that we visited is reddish in color since it has some iron ores The soil is very hard when dry and become very soft and sticky when wet We have estimated from the vegetation over there that this soil is more acidic then that we normally encounter in our agricultural fields Since the locals remove most of the liters from forest floor for use as fuel the soil has tremendous shortage of humusThe soil fertility looks to be very low

The area in general has a few small canals but none has the perennial stream flow This speaks of the poor water regime that this area in general experiences The site under the forest being small in size do not have any impact on the water regime but there is microclimatic impact of the tree cover at the site The temperature inside the forest is lower than its surrounding More over since the stocking is poor and since the major cover is composed of deciduous species its contribution towards the water regime is of no notable significance

The climate is tropical in general The average rainfall ranges between 2030 and 2290 mm and the temperature is maximum 33degC and minimum 10degC The nearest weather station is at Comilla According to the Statistical Year Book 1999 at this station (Comilla) the average annual rainfall is 2079 mm the maximum monthly average temperature is 33degC in July and the minimum monthly average temperature is 117degC in January The humidity is highest in July (90) and lowest in February (77)The rainfall however is not well distributed through out the

year

4 Biozone According to Nishat et al (2002) this area is under the Bio-Ecological Zone - 9c It has been designated as Lalmai-Tipperah Hills According to Bangladesh agro ecological zoning (FAO 1988) this site is under Region 22 designated as Northern and Eastern Piedmont Plains These areas are supposed to be subjected to more of flash floods The texture of the soil in general is supposed to be sandy loam to silty clay and more acidic than the adjoining

ecological zones

According to the Bio-Ecological Zone of Bangladesh published by IUCN this area has been designated as Zone 9c under the name Lalmai-Tipperah Hills The expected floral and faunal composition in this zone is expected to be as

under

Flora Trees Sal (Shorea robusta) Sonalu (Cassia fistula) Kanthal (Artocarpus heterophyllus)Taal (Borassus flabellifer) Shrubs and herbs Bhant (Clerodendrum viscosum) Assam Lata (Mikania scandens) Shothi (Curcuma zeodaria) Motkila

(Glycosmis arboreal

FaunaMammals Indian porcupine (Hystrix indica) Rufous-tailed hare (Lepus nigricollis) Indian false vampire (Megaderma

lyra) Indian pygmy pipistrelle (Pipistrellus mimus) BirdsWhite-rumped Shama (Copsychus malabaricus) Lesser necklaced laughing thrush (Garrulax moniliger) Reptiles Cantors kukri snake (Oygodon cyclurus) Common wolf snake (Lycodon aulicus) Indian eyed turtle (Morenia

petersi)middot _ Amphibians Bull frog (Hopobatrachus tigerinus) Cricket frog (Limnonectes limnocharis)

4 I

5 Existing Ecosystem

T~e site that we ~isited may be treated as on ecosystem The growing stock of degraded sal is t e top canop~ ~I~ce a couple years back the FD has started to under plant cane in between the sa~The adJomlng comm~~ity often collects the liters of dry sal leaves Virtually there was no un ergrowt~ when we VISited the site in the month of March During monsoon eriods however these sites get some undergrowth ofvarious mixed species p

Among the he~baceous taxa Ageratum conyzoides Axonopus compressus Borrerria his ida Chrysopogon aCiculatus Desmodium heterophylum and Leucas lavandulifolia are more com~on ~h~bs ~~monIY obse~ved mcl~des Clerodendrum viscosum Eupatorium odoratum Flacourti In I~a 0 arrhena antldysentenca Ixora acuminata Melastoma melabatrhicum Microcos panJc~ata Psychotna calocarpa Randia dumetorum and Zizyphus rugosa Som I b seen In the forest t f h h e c 1m ers are ou 0 w IC Hemldesmus in dicus Ichnocarpus frutescens and Smilax

~~cr~carp~ a~~ ver~ common Plantation of Kajubadam (Anacardium occidantalis) Akasmoni theaf~~e~t~ncu I ormls) and Mangium (Acacia mangium) has done successfully in some part of

Th~ fo~est i~ well protected fro~ illegal felling and encroachment The plantations of Acacia aur~culIforlsal~d A manglUm raise as participatory plantation by Forest Department are being mhamtalme we Now the FD is also raising plantations of Rattan (Calumus guruba) underneath t e sa

6 Flora

~~ forest is ~f ~e~id~ous type dominated by only Sal (Shorea robusta) The forest is less diverse 40 caTnopy elg to the forest ranges from 15-20 m and canopy coverage is apprOXimately

0 70 rees are mainly result of regeneration of coppice from old trees and therefore most of the trees are not straight but deformed The mode of regeneration is not good and most of the saplings are suffering from dieback In the past there were other tree species mixed with Sal The undergrowth of the forest is very poor Only few shrubs and herbs are found and they have

-

Effect ofrepeated burning on Shorea seedling

been suffering from drought and low fertility of the soil Rajashpur Sal forest with an area of ca 587 ha is the largest chunk of natural Sal forest in Com ilia

The important tree species of Rajeshpur forest are Shorea robusta Acacia auriculiformis A mangium and Anacardium occidentalis Fruit yielding plants such as Ananas comosus Artocarpus heterophyffus Garcinia cowa Mangifera indica and Syzygium cumini have been encountered in adjoining localities Some species of plants that are used by the locals for medicine viz Eupatorium odoratum Hemidesmus indicus Holarrhena antidysenterica and Mikania scandensl have been encountered during our survey A total of 84 species were recorded from this forest and its surroundings of which 30 species are either introduced or plated A list of the species that we have found during this survey on March 92004 is given in Table 1

7 Fauna

A total of 6 (2955) amphibians 40 (19704) reptiles 128 (63054) birds and 29 (140285) mammals have been recorded in Rajeshpur

Hoplobatrachus tigerinus has included in appendix II of CITES Schedule Several species of forest and hill snakes are existing in Rajeshpur because of its close location to the Indian Tripura (alotes versicolor Varanus bengalensis Gekko gecko Mabuya carinata are widely distributed in that area (oluber mucosus and Naja naja are included in the appendix II of CITES Schedule whilst Varanus bengalensis and Varanus ffavescens in appendix I Under the family Bataguridae 3 species of turtle such as Black Pond Turtle (Geocfamys hamiltonii) Median Roofed Turtle (Kachuga tentoria) and Indian Black Turtle (Melanochelys trijuga) are locally endangered species Globally vulnerable Indian Eyed Turtle (Morenia peters) and Median Roofed Turtle (Kachuga tentoria) have been recorded

Presence of 10 species of doves and pigeons were very important Orthotomus sutorius Bradypterus luteoventris Hippolais caigat and Phylfoscopus affinis were observed in the bushy area 35 (27343) species of birds are migratory and 93 (72657) are resident Of the total 128 species of birds 8 species representing the order Piciformes 1 for Upupiformes 5 for Coraciiformes 13 for Cucuiformes 2 Psittaciformes 1 for Apodiformes 7 for Strigiformes 8 for Cuculiformes 1 for Apodiformes 6 for Strigiformes 10 for Columbiformes 1 Gruiformes 23 Cicoriiiformes and 65 species for Passeriformes 1 species of Leporidae (Hystrix indica) and 1 of Hystricid (Lepus nigricoffis) have been recorded there and both of this species are treated as globally endangered

Under primates of the class MammaliaMacaca assamensis and Macaca mulatta are the globally vulnerable and lower risk animal respectively Mus booduga Mus musculus and Rattus rattus are widely distributed

The list of Amphibians Reptiles Birds and Mammals found at the site are given Table 234 and 5 respectively

6 I

8NTFPs

The major gro~h over the area is degraded Sal Recently cane has been planted underneath These are growing well In near future the cane is expected to be a good NTFP for the area in questIon

9 Economic values

Though the direct value of the tree growth is not that high but its intangible values are enormous especially as a site of outing to the city dwellers of Comilla In the district of Comilla this is an important and most conspicuous site for recreation It is attracting more and

Sal forest patch at Rajeshpurmore people every day It has a hIgh value In the context of environment as well

10 Existing Management of the Ecosystem

At present the main thrust is protection Some under planting of cane has been under taken No harvest IS done now A small patch near the beat office has a plantation of Cashue Nut These are sold In auction for collecting the nuts

11 Human Interventions

This sie has a growth of degraded Sallri the past it had good vegetative cover whkh included the thl~k under growth That habitat used to harbor a number of wild lives in abundance These have dIsappeared with time due to pouching and loss of habitat At present under the serious shortage of fuel wood in and around the area the local people around this forest very often come in~o this small patch of forest and collect fuel wood They often cut down the branches and at tIme even trees ColI~ction of leaves that fall on the ground by sweeping is a regular f~ature Thus the forest floor IS completely devoid of any litter Human pressure is definitely very hIgh

12 Existing trends

The prevailing trend in the area is two fold The local people come in to collect leaves branches and tIme even tre~s despIte the watching and guarding by the FD officials in force The city dwellers from ComIlia come here for rest recreation and sight seeing

7 I

13 Land Use Pattern This forest has a large number of small fragmented pieces of agricultural land These agricultural lands are intermingled with the fragmented forest patchesThere village nearby

Thus this area has all the common land-use practices such as agriculture forestry pond fisheries orchards housing etc that are commonly noticed in Bangladesh

14Community Livelihood The adjoining communities are mostly agricultural Along wit~ the farming acti~ities some of the people run petty businesses They have horticultural plants In and around their

rIWamp~~~

Peoples collecting follen leaves from the forest floor a common scenario at the sal forests

homesteads Some have small ponds which they use for growing fish in a very small scale Recently as the visitors have started to visit the site these community are gradually getting

involved in selling small local cottage products as well

15Threats to Ecosystem The most serious threat to the given ecosystem is the human interference in form of the collection of fuel wood including the leaves Almost every year these are fire hazards in this forest patch Some time the local community intentionally lit the fire in the hope to have a

better growth of grassy vegetation

8 I

16 Potentials of Ecosystem

This given patch of forest is small and cannot be managed for harvesting forest produces such as wood etc But because of its vicinity to the urban area this has a very high potential of serving as recreation site The major management goal should be to develop the site in such a manner so that it attracts wild lives especially the birds This site possesses high potential to attract birds of various species The prospect of eco-tourism is quite high

17 Recommendations

This site should be taken up for eco-tourism and necessary facilities required for the purpose may be inculcated The local people should be involved in the whole process so that they get a feeling of ownership to this forest and they can understand that conservation of these sites will bring in benefits to them on a sustainable basis Government should take up programs to develop this forest as an eco-tourism site

Co-management under a participatory concept coupled with the enforcement of law should be the target so that the eco-tourism can flourish in this site

Table 1 List of plant species recorded from Rajeshpur Sal Forest Comilla

SI No Species Family Habit Occurrence

l Acacia auriculiformis Mimosaceae Tree Planted

2 Amangium Mimosaceae Tree Planted

3 Adhatoda vasica Acanthaceae Shrub Cultivated

4 Ageratum conyzoides Asteraceae Herb Common

5 Albizia lebbeck Mimosaceae Tree Planted

6 Aprocera Mimosaceae Tree Planted

7 Alstonia scholaria Apocynaceae Thee Common

8 Ammania baccifera Lythraceae Herb Not very common

9 Anacardium occidentale Anacardiaceae Tree Planted

10 Ananas comosus Bromeliaceae Herb Cultivated

11 Aporosa dioica Euphorbiaceae Tree Not very common

12 Aquilaria agallocha Thymeliaceae Tree Planted

13 Artocarpus heterophyllus Moraceae Tree Planted

14 Averrhoa carambola Averrhoaceae Tree Planted

15 Axonopus compress us Poaceae Herb Common

16 Bombax ceiba Bombacaceae Tree Planted Table continued

--l 9

51 No Species Family Habit OccurrenceHabit OccurrenceFamilySINo Species 52 Leucas lavandulifolia Lamiaceae Herb Common

Poaceae Grass Planted 17 Bambusa baJcooa 53 Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae Tree Planted

Grass Planted 18 Bambusa polymorpha Poaceae 54 Melastoma malabathricum Melastomaceae Shrub Very common

Grass Planted 55 Merremia umbellata Convolvulaceae Climber CommonBambusa tulda Poaceae

Pal mae Tree Common 56 Microcos paniculata Tiliaceae Tree Very common 19

20 Borassus flabellifer Herb Common 57 Mikania scandens Asteraceae Herb Very common Rubiaceae21 Borreria hispida

58 Mimosa pudica Mimosaceae Herb CommonShrub CommonCaesalpinaceae22 Caesalpinia crista 59 Morinda angustifolia Rubiaceae S hrub Not very common

Climber PlantedPalmae23 Calamus guruba 60 Nelsonia canescens Acanthaceae Herb Common Tree Not very common Lecythidaceae24 Careya arborea 61 Oxalis corniculata Oxalidaceae Herb Common Tree Planted

Chikrassia tabularis Meliaceae 62 Phoenix sylvestris Palmae Tree Planted Herb Very common

25 Poaceae 63 Phyllanthus embelica Euphorbiaceae Tree Planted26 Chrysopogon aciculatus

Shrub Common 64 Psidium guajava Myrtaceae Tree PlantedVerbenaceaeClerodendrum viscosum 27 65 Psychotria calocarpa Rubiaceae Shrub CommonHerb CommonCommelinaceae28 Commelina benghalensis 66 Pteris vittata Pteridaceae Fern CommonClimber Planted

29 Daemonorops jenkinsiana Arecaceae 67 Randia dumetorum Rubiaceae Shrub Common

Tree CommonFabaceaeDalbergia stipulacea 30 68 Rumex maritimus Polyonaceae Herb Not common Climber Not very ommon Dilleniaceae3l Delima sarmentosa 69 Rungia pectinata Acanthaceae Herb Common Tree Planted

32 Delonix regia Caesalpinialteae 70 Samanea saman Mimosaceae Tree Planted

Fabaceae Herb Common 71 Scoparia dulcis Scrophulariaceae Herb Common33 Desmodium heterophyllum Herb Common 72 Shorea robusta Dipterocarpaceae Tree DominantPoaceae34 Digittaria sanguinalis

73 Smilax macrophylla Smilacaceae Climber CommonClimber CommonDioscoreaceae35 Dioscorea pentaphylla 74 Swietenia mahagoni Meliaceae Tree PlantedTree PlantedDipterocarpaceae36 Dipterocarpus turbinatus 75 Syzygium cumini Myrtaceae Tree Planted

Polipodiaceae Epiphyte Common 37 Drynaia quercifolia 76 Syzygium fruticosum Myrtaceae Tree Common

Tree Not very common Fabaceae38 Erythrina variegata 77 Tabebuia rosea Bignoniaceae Tree Planted Tree Planted

39 Eucalyptus camaldulensis Myrtaceae 78 Tabernaemontana divaricata Apocynaceae Shrub Common

Asteraceae Shrub Very common 79 Tamarindus indicus Caesalpinaceae Tree Planted40 Eupatorium odoratum Tree Planted 80 Terminalia belerica Combretaceae Tree PlantedMoraceae41 Ficus lachooka

81 T chebula Combretaceae Tree PlantedShrub CommonFlacourtiaceae42 Flacourtia indica 82 Urena lobata Malvaceae Herb Common

Guttiferae Tree Common 43 Garcinia cowa 83 Viscum orientalis Loranthaceae Parasite Common

Guttiferae Tree Rare 44 G lancaefolia 84 Zizyphus rugosa Rhamnaceae Shrub Common

Herb CommonAsteraceae45 Grangea madaraspatana

Asclepiadaceae Climber Common 46 Hemidesmus indicus

Shrub CommonApocynaceae

Tree Planted 47 Holarrhena antidysenterica

Dipterocarpaceae 48 Hopea odorata

49 Jchnocarpus frutescens Apocynaceae Climber Common

Shrub Very common Rubiaceae Shrub Very common

50 Ixora acuminata Rubiaceae

Shrub Common 50 Ixora acuminata

Rubiaceae51 Ixora parviflora Table continued

10 I

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Bla

ck-r

umpe

d Fl

ameb

ack

Kat

hokr

a R

N

O

7

Meg

alai

mid

ae

Meg

aai

ma

haem

acep

hala

C

oppe

rsm

ith B

arbe

t C

hoto

Bas

anta

Bau

ri R

N

O

8

Meg

aai

ma

inea

te

Line

ated

Bar

bet

Gur

khod

Beg

hbou

R

N

O

9

Upu

pifo

rmes

U

pupi

dae

Upu

pa e

pops

C

omm

on H

oopo

e H

udhu

d5

0lai

man

Pak

hi

R

NO

10

Cor

aciif

orm

es

Cor

aciid

ae

Cor

acia

s be

ngha

ens

is

Indi

an R

olle

r N

ilkan

tha

R

NO

11

Alc

edin

idae

A

lced

o at

this

C

omm

on K

ingf

ishe

r C

hoto

Maa

chra

nga

R

NO

12

H

alcy

on s

myr

nens

is

Whi

teth

roat

ed K

ingf

ishe

r M

aach

rang

a R

N

O

13

Meg

acer

ye

ugu

bris

P

ied

Kin

gfis

her

R

DO

14

M

erop

idae

M

erop

s or

ient

alis

G

reen

Bee

eate

r S

uich

ora

Ban

spat

i R

N

O

15

Cuc

ulifo

rmes

C

ucul

idae

C

acom

antis

mer

ulin

us

Plai

ntiv

e cu

ckoo

C

hata

kiS

orgo

m

R

NO

16

Cuc

uus

sat

urat

us

Orie

ntal

Cuc

koo

M

17

Cen

trip

odid

ae

Cen

tropu

s si

nens

is

Gre

ater

Cou

cal

Kan

akua

Cou

cal

R

NO

18

Ca

mat

or ja

cobi

nus

Pie

d C

ucko

o P

apiy

a R

N

O

19

Cuc

uus

mic

ropt

erus

lndi

an

Cuc

koo

Bou

-Kat

ha-K

ao P

akhi

R

N

O

20

Eud

ynam

ys sc

pa

cea

Asi

an C

ucko

o K

okil

Ku

kil

R

NO

2l

H

iero

cocc

yx v

ariu

s C

omm

on H

awk

Cuc

koo

Cho

khg

elo

Pakh

i R

N

O

22

Phae

nico

phae

us tr

istis

G

reen

-bill

ed M

alko

ha

Sab

uj K

okil

R

NO

23

Apo

difo

rmes

A

podi

dae

Cyp

siur

us b

aa

siens

is

Asi

an P

alm

Sw

ift

Nak

kati

R

NO

24

Stri

gifo

rmes

T

yton

idae

Ty

toa

ba

Bar

n O

wl

Laxm

i Pen

cha

R

NO

Tab

le c

ontin

ued

SL

Ord

er

Fam

ily

Sci

entif

ic N

ame

Eng

lish

Nam

e Lo

cal N

ame

~

No

II

I II

I

C

5

C

0

1 ]

III

~

cgt

shy~

vC

0

gt-

V

III

alO

i3

0

C

zOl

zO

l

V

middotiii

Wu~ u~

~II

I

)

)

c

_

u

_u

U

25

Stri

gida

e A

then

e br

oma

Spo

tted

Ow

let

Khu

rule

y Pe

ncha

R

N

O

26

Bub

o be

nga

ensi

s R

ock

Eag

le O

wl

Hut

um P

ench

a R

N

O

27

Ket

upa

zey

onen

sis

Bro

wn

Fish

Ow

l B

hutu

m P

ench

a R

VU

28

N

inox

scu

tua

ta

Bro

wn

Haw

k O

wl

Kup

okh

R

NO

29

Cap

rimul

gida

e C

aprim

ugu

s m

acru

rus

Larg

e-ta

iled

Nig

ht ja

r R

atch

ara

R

NO

30

Col

umbi

form

es C

olum

bida

e C

olum

ba i

via

Roc

k P

igeo

n J

alal

i Kab

utor

R

N

O

31

Duc

ua

aene

a G

reen

Im

peria

l Pig

eon

Dhu

mko

l R

D

O32

S

trept

ope

ia c

hin

ensis

S

potte

d D

ove

Tila

Ghu

ghu

R

NO

33

Stre

ptop

eia

dec

aoct

a E

uras

ian

Col

lare

d D

ove

Raj G

hugh

uD

hoba

l R

N

O

Ghu

ghu

34

Stre

ptop

eia

tran

queb

aric

a R

ed C

olla

red

Dov

e La

l Ghu

ghu

Jon

gla

R

NO

G

hugh

u35

Tr

eron

api

caud

a Pi

n-ta

iled

Gre

en P

igeo

n H

oria

lH

orik

ol

R

CR36

T

rero

n bi

cinc

ta

Ora

nge-

brea

sted

Gre

en P

igeo

n H

oria

lH

orik

ol

R

NO

37

Trer

on p

hoen

icop

tera

Y

ello

w-f

oote

d G

reen

Pig

eon

Hor

iallB

otko

l R

N

O38

Tr

eron

pom

pado

ra

Pom

pado

ur G

reen

Pig

eon

Cho

to H

oria

l R

N

O

39

Stre

ptop

elia

orie

ntal

is

Orie

ntal

Tur

tle D

ove

Ghu

ghu

M39

S

trept

ope

ia o

rient

ais

O

rient

al T

urtle

Dov

e G

hugh

u M

40

Gru

iform

es

Ral

lidae

A

mau

rorn

is p

hoen

icur

us

Whi

te-b

reas

ted

Wat

erhe

n D

ahuk

R

N

O

41

Cic

oniif

orm

es

Jaca

nida

e B

ronz

e-w

ing

ed Jlt

can

a R

o

42

Cha

radr

iidae

R

ed-I

middotta tt1~

Lap

(

o lt

=

43

Acc

ipltr

idae

44

~

-r

-$

-

_

~__~

-

bull _

45

~2--

--

c

46

~-~

~

Ju

l~

cSL

O

rder

Fa

mily

S

cien

tific

Nam

e E

nglis

h N

ame

Loca

l Nam

e II

I el

lel

lN

o

1l

3

III

i6

1l

c

ell

cc

gt

c ~~

II

I

el

l co

0

J

0 V

I

1l

Z

o-

Zo

-V

I w

v

v

el

l J

ill

cc

-v

2a

u

47

Milv

us m

igra

ns

Bla

ck K

ite

Bhu

bon

Chi

l R

N

O

48

Circ

us c

yane

us

Hen

Har

rier

M

49

Pan

dion

ha

iaet

us

Osp

rey

Mec

ho B

aaj

M

50

Falc

onid

ae

Falc

o ch

icqu

era

Red

-nec

ked

Falc

on

Tur

mut

i R

D

D

LR

51

Falc

o tin

nunc

ulus

C

omm

on K

estre

l M

52

P

hala

croc

orac

idae

P

hala

croc

orax

nig

er

Littl

e C

orm

oran

t P

aan-

kow

ri R

N

O

53

Ard

eida

e A

rdeo

la g

rayi

i Ind

ian

Pon

d H

eron

K

ani B

okK

ana

Bok

R

N

O

54

Bub

ulcu

s ib

is

Cat

tle E

gret

G

o-bo

k R

N

O

55

But

orid

es s

triat

us

Littl

e E

gret

C

hoto

Bok

R

N

O

56

Dup

etor

fav

icol

is

Bla

ck B

itter

n K

alo

Bok

R

D

D

57

Ixob

rych

us m

inut

us

Littl

e B

itter

n K

hude

y B

ok

R

DD

58

Ixob

rych

us s

inen

sis

Yel

low

Bitt

ern

Hol

dey

Bok

R

N

O

59

Mes

opho

yx in

term

edia

In

term

edia

te E

gret

M

aijla

Bok

R

N

O

60

Nyc

ticor

ax n

ictic

orax

B

lack

-cro

wne

d N

ight

Her

on

Waa

klN

ishi

Bok

R

N

O

61

Sco

lopa

cida

e A

ctiti

s hy

pole

ucos

C

omm

on S

andp

iper

M

62

Gal

inag

o ga

lina

go

Fant

ail S

nipe

K

ada-

khoc

ha

M

63

Gal

linag

o st

enur

a P

inta

il S

nipe

K

ada-

khoc

ha

M

64

P

asse

rifor

mes

Lan

iidae

La

nius

sch

ach

Long

-tai

led

Shr

ike

Bag

haT

iki

R

NO

65

Lani

us c

rista

tus

Bro

wn

Shr

ike

Bad

ami K

osha

i Pak

hi

M

66

Lani

us te

phro

notu

s G

reyb

acke

d S

hrik

e K

osha

i Pak

hi

M

67

Cor

vida

e C

orvu

s m

acro

rhyn

chos

Ju

ngle

Cro

w

Dan

r Ka

k R

N

O

68

Cor

vus

sple

nden

s H

ouse

Cro

w

Pat

i Kak

lKau

a R

N

O

69

Den

droc

itta

vaga

bund

a R

ufus

Tre

epie

H

anric

hach

aK

utum

R

N

O

70

Aeg

ithin

a tip

hia

Com

mon

lora

T

owfik

Fat

ikja

l R

N

O

71

Orio

lus

xant

hom

us

Bla

ck-h

eade

d O

riole

H

olde

y P

akhi

R

N

O

72

Dic

ruru

s ae

neus

B

ronz

ed D

rong

o C

hoto

Fin

gey

R

NO

Tab

le c

on

tin

ue

d

SL

Ord

er

Fam

ily

Sci

entif

ic N

ame

Eng

lish

Nam

e Lo

cal N

ame

c

III

No

el

l el

l 1

l

3

II

I i6

1

lc

el

l c

--c~ ~~

C

II

I 0

ell

J

0 V

IC

Ooshy

1l

Z

o-

VI

Zel

l w

v

v

J

III

J II

Icc

el

l -v

-v

U

73

Dic

urur

s m

acro

cerc

us

Bla

ck D

rong

o F

inge

y R

N

O

74

Arta

mus

fusc

us

Ash

y W

oods

wal

low

La

tora

R

N

O

75

Cor

acin

a m

acei

La

rge

Cuc

koos

hrik

e G

udhu

ka

R

NO

76

P

eric

roco

tus

cinn

amom

eus

Sm

all M

iniv

et

S~t

Sai

li R

N

O

77

Teph

rodo

rnis

pon

dice

rianu

s C

omm

on W

oods

hrik

e R

N

O

78

Rhi

pidu

ra a

lbic

olis

W

hite

-thr

oate

d Fa

ntai

l Le

jnac

hani

R

N

O

79

Mus

cica

pida

e C

opsy

chus

sau

laris

O

rient

al M

agpi

e R

obin

D

oelD

oina

chan

i R

N

O

80

Cul

icic

apa

ceyl

onen

sis

Gre

y-he

aded

Can

ary

Fly

catc

her

Fut

futi

R

NO

81

S

axic

olac

apra

ta

Pie

d B

usnc

hat

R

NO

82

C

haim

arro

rnis

leuc

ocep

halu

s W

hite

-cap

ped

Wat

er R

edst

art

M

83

Cyo

rnis

tick

ellia

e T

icke

lls B

lue

Fly

catc

her

M

84

Eum

yias

thal

assi

fa

Ver

dite

r F

lyca

tche

r M

85

Fi

cedu

la p

arva

R

ed-t

hroa

ted

Fly

catc

her

Lalb

ook

Cho

tok

M

86

Lusc

inia

cal

iope

S

iber

ian

Rub

yThr

oat

M

87

Lusc

inia

sve

cica

B

luet

hroa

t M

88

M

ontic

ola

solit

ariu

s B

lock

Roc

k Th

rush

M

89

S

axic

ola

torq

uata

C

omm

on S

tone

chat

M

90

Tu

rdus

uni

colo

r T

icke

lls T

hrus

h M

91

Zo

othe

ra c

itrin

e O

rang

e-he

aded

Thr

ush

M

92

Stu

rnid

ae

Acr

idot

here

s ci

nere

us

Whi

te-v

ente

d M

yna

R

DD

93

A

crid

othe

res

fusc

us

Jung

le M

yna

Jhut

i Sha

lik

R

NO

94

A

crid

othe

res

trist

is

Com

mon

Myn

a B

hat S

halik

R

N

O

95

Stu

rnus

con

tra

Asi

an P

ied

Sta~

ling

G

obre

y S

halik

Gu

Shal

ik

R

~O

96

Stu

rnus

mal

abar

icus

C

hest

nut-

taile

d S

tarli

ng

Kat

h S

halik

R

97

Hiru

ndin

idae

H

irund

o da

uric

a R

ed-r

umpe

d S

wal

low

A

babi

l 98

H

irund

o ru

stic

a B

arn

Sw

allo

w

Aba

bil

99

Par

idae

Pa

rus

maj

or

Gre

atT

it

J~

- z=

~ -

--

~_

--la

SL

Ord

er

Fam

ily

Sci

entif

ic N

ame

Eng

lish

Nam

e Lo

cal N

ame

r

II

No

CI

I CI

I t

l

3

tl

C

c

CII

0

gt-

r

cgt

shyC

- CII

iO -

V

I v a

l 0

cI

0 t

l Z

Cl

ZC

l V

I ii

i v~ v~

UJ

IshyCI

I

a

-v

-v

U

100

P

ycno

notu

s ar

ticep

s B

lack

-hea

ded

Bul

bul

Kal

o B

ulbu

l R

N

O

101

P

ycno

notid

ae

Pyc

nono

tus

cafe

r R

ed-v

ente

d B

ulbu

B

ulbu

li R

N

O

102

P

ycno

notu

sjoc

osus

R

ed-w

hisk

ered

Bul

bul

Sip

ahi B

ulbu

li R

N

O

103

Z

oste

ropi

dae

Zost

erop

s pa

lpeb

rosu

s O

rient

al W

hite

-eye

S

het-

ankh

i R

N

O

104

S

ylvi

idae

A

lcip

pe p

Oio

icep

hala

B

row

n-ch

eeke

d Fu

lvet

ta

R

NO

lO

S

Dum

etia

hyp

eryt

hra

Taw

ny-b

ellie

d B

abbl

er

R

DD

10

6

Mal

acoc

incl

a ab

botti

A

bbot

s B

abbl

er

R

NO

10

7

Meg

auru

s pa

lust

ris

Stri

ated

Gra

ssbi

rd

R

DD

10

8

Ort

hoto

mus

sut

oriu

s C

omm

on T

ailo

rbird

T

untu

nilT

uni

R

NO

10

9

Turd

oide

s ca

udat

us

Com

mon

Bab

bler

R

D

D

110

Tu

rdoi

des

earle

i S

triat

ed B

abbl

er

R

NO

11

1

Acr

ocep

halu

s du

met

orum

B

lyth

s R

eed

War

bler

M

11

2

Bra

dypt

erus

lute

oven

tris

Bro

wn

Bush

War

bler

M

lB

H

ippo

lais

cal

igat

a B

oote

d W

arbl

er

M

114

P

hyllo

scop

us a

ffini

s T

icke

lls L

eaf W

arbl

er

M

115

A

laud

idae

A

laud

a gu

lgul

a O

rient

al S

kyla

rk

Bha

rat P

akhi

R

N

O

116

M

irafr

a as

sam

ica

Rufo

us-w

inge

d B

ushl

ark

Bha

rat P

akhi

R

N

O

117

N

ecta

riniid

ae

Nec

tarin

ia a

siat

ica

Pur

ple

Sun

bird

N

iltu

nilM

adhu

ch u

sh ki

R

N

O

118

N

ecta

rinia

zey

loni

ca

Pur

ple-

rum

ped

Sun

bird

M

outu

shi

R

NO

11

9

Dic

aeum

ery

thro

rhyn

chos

P

ale-

bille

d F

low

erpe

cker

F

uljh

uri

R

NO

12

0

Pass

erid

ae

Lonc

hura

mal

abar

ica

Indi

an S

ilver

bill

R

NO

12

1

Lonc

hura

pun

ctul

ata

Sca

ly-b

reas

ted

Mun

ia

Tila

Mun

ia

R

NO

12

2

Pass

er d

omes

ticus

H

ouse

Spa

rrow

C

haru

i R

N

O

123

P

oce

us p

hilip

pinu

s B

ayaW

eave

r B

abui

Bao

i R

N

O

124

M

otac

illa

mad

eras

pate

nsis

W

hite

-bro

wed

Wag

tail

Pakr

a K

honj

an

R

NO

12

5

Ant

hus

hodg

soni

i O

live-

back

ed P

ipit

M

126

A

nthu

s ru

fulu

s P

addy

field

Pip

it M

12

7

Mot

acill

a al

ba

Whi

te W

agta

il M

12

8

Mot

acill

a ci

nere

a G

rey

Wag

tail

Kho

njan

M

Tab

le 4

Mam

mal

s o

f Raj

eshp

ur s

tud

y ar

ea

SL

Ord

er

Fam

ily

Sci

entif

ic N

ame

Eng

lish

Nam

e Lo

cal N

ame

r

No

I

I CI

I CI

I t

l 3

t

liO

C

CII

cgt

-r

~~

v a

lO

cI

0 V

I Z

Cl

zg

V

I U

Jv~

V

Ishy

-v

-v

U

1

Inse

ctiv

ora

Sor

icid

ae

Sun

cus

mur

inus

G

rey

Mus

k S

hrew

C

hika

N

O

2

Chi

ropt

era

Pte

ropo

dida

e P

tero

pus

giga

nteu

s Fl

ying

Fox

B

adur

N

O

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Refere

Brandis D 1906lndian Trees Periodical Experts Book agency Delhi 767 pp

FAO 1988 Land Resources Approsal of Bangladesh for Agricultural Development Agroecolo(( I Regions ofBangladesh BGD81035 Technical Report 2570 pp

Heining RL 1925 Lists ofplants ofChittagong Collectorate and Hill Tracts Darjeeling India 84 pp

Nishat A Huq SMlmamul Barua Suvashis P Reza Ali AHM Khan Moniruzzaman A5 (eds)

2002 Bio-ecological Zones ofBangladeshIUCN Bangladesh Country Office 141 pp

Prain D 1903 Bengal plants Vol 1 amp2 Calcutta

1 I

  • cover amp back
  • Untitled
Page 7: Biodiversity of...Biodiversity of Rajeshpur Sal Forest, Comilla II I -Junaid K Choudhury Shekhar R Biswas M.Sazedullslam Oliur Rahman Sardar l\Iasir Uddin IUCN -The Wrold Conservation

been suffering from drought and low fertility of the soil Rajashpur Sal forest with an area of ca 587 ha is the largest chunk of natural Sal forest in Com ilia

The important tree species of Rajeshpur forest are Shorea robusta Acacia auriculiformis A mangium and Anacardium occidentalis Fruit yielding plants such as Ananas comosus Artocarpus heterophyffus Garcinia cowa Mangifera indica and Syzygium cumini have been encountered in adjoining localities Some species of plants that are used by the locals for medicine viz Eupatorium odoratum Hemidesmus indicus Holarrhena antidysenterica and Mikania scandensl have been encountered during our survey A total of 84 species were recorded from this forest and its surroundings of which 30 species are either introduced or plated A list of the species that we have found during this survey on March 92004 is given in Table 1

7 Fauna

A total of 6 (2955) amphibians 40 (19704) reptiles 128 (63054) birds and 29 (140285) mammals have been recorded in Rajeshpur

Hoplobatrachus tigerinus has included in appendix II of CITES Schedule Several species of forest and hill snakes are existing in Rajeshpur because of its close location to the Indian Tripura (alotes versicolor Varanus bengalensis Gekko gecko Mabuya carinata are widely distributed in that area (oluber mucosus and Naja naja are included in the appendix II of CITES Schedule whilst Varanus bengalensis and Varanus ffavescens in appendix I Under the family Bataguridae 3 species of turtle such as Black Pond Turtle (Geocfamys hamiltonii) Median Roofed Turtle (Kachuga tentoria) and Indian Black Turtle (Melanochelys trijuga) are locally endangered species Globally vulnerable Indian Eyed Turtle (Morenia peters) and Median Roofed Turtle (Kachuga tentoria) have been recorded

Presence of 10 species of doves and pigeons were very important Orthotomus sutorius Bradypterus luteoventris Hippolais caigat and Phylfoscopus affinis were observed in the bushy area 35 (27343) species of birds are migratory and 93 (72657) are resident Of the total 128 species of birds 8 species representing the order Piciformes 1 for Upupiformes 5 for Coraciiformes 13 for Cucuiformes 2 Psittaciformes 1 for Apodiformes 7 for Strigiformes 8 for Cuculiformes 1 for Apodiformes 6 for Strigiformes 10 for Columbiformes 1 Gruiformes 23 Cicoriiiformes and 65 species for Passeriformes 1 species of Leporidae (Hystrix indica) and 1 of Hystricid (Lepus nigricoffis) have been recorded there and both of this species are treated as globally endangered

Under primates of the class MammaliaMacaca assamensis and Macaca mulatta are the globally vulnerable and lower risk animal respectively Mus booduga Mus musculus and Rattus rattus are widely distributed

The list of Amphibians Reptiles Birds and Mammals found at the site are given Table 234 and 5 respectively

6 I

8NTFPs

The major gro~h over the area is degraded Sal Recently cane has been planted underneath These are growing well In near future the cane is expected to be a good NTFP for the area in questIon

9 Economic values

Though the direct value of the tree growth is not that high but its intangible values are enormous especially as a site of outing to the city dwellers of Comilla In the district of Comilla this is an important and most conspicuous site for recreation It is attracting more and

Sal forest patch at Rajeshpurmore people every day It has a hIgh value In the context of environment as well

10 Existing Management of the Ecosystem

At present the main thrust is protection Some under planting of cane has been under taken No harvest IS done now A small patch near the beat office has a plantation of Cashue Nut These are sold In auction for collecting the nuts

11 Human Interventions

This sie has a growth of degraded Sallri the past it had good vegetative cover whkh included the thl~k under growth That habitat used to harbor a number of wild lives in abundance These have dIsappeared with time due to pouching and loss of habitat At present under the serious shortage of fuel wood in and around the area the local people around this forest very often come in~o this small patch of forest and collect fuel wood They often cut down the branches and at tIme even trees ColI~ction of leaves that fall on the ground by sweeping is a regular f~ature Thus the forest floor IS completely devoid of any litter Human pressure is definitely very hIgh

12 Existing trends

The prevailing trend in the area is two fold The local people come in to collect leaves branches and tIme even tre~s despIte the watching and guarding by the FD officials in force The city dwellers from ComIlia come here for rest recreation and sight seeing

7 I

13 Land Use Pattern This forest has a large number of small fragmented pieces of agricultural land These agricultural lands are intermingled with the fragmented forest patchesThere village nearby

Thus this area has all the common land-use practices such as agriculture forestry pond fisheries orchards housing etc that are commonly noticed in Bangladesh

14Community Livelihood The adjoining communities are mostly agricultural Along wit~ the farming acti~ities some of the people run petty businesses They have horticultural plants In and around their

rIWamp~~~

Peoples collecting follen leaves from the forest floor a common scenario at the sal forests

homesteads Some have small ponds which they use for growing fish in a very small scale Recently as the visitors have started to visit the site these community are gradually getting

involved in selling small local cottage products as well

15Threats to Ecosystem The most serious threat to the given ecosystem is the human interference in form of the collection of fuel wood including the leaves Almost every year these are fire hazards in this forest patch Some time the local community intentionally lit the fire in the hope to have a

better growth of grassy vegetation

8 I

16 Potentials of Ecosystem

This given patch of forest is small and cannot be managed for harvesting forest produces such as wood etc But because of its vicinity to the urban area this has a very high potential of serving as recreation site The major management goal should be to develop the site in such a manner so that it attracts wild lives especially the birds This site possesses high potential to attract birds of various species The prospect of eco-tourism is quite high

17 Recommendations

This site should be taken up for eco-tourism and necessary facilities required for the purpose may be inculcated The local people should be involved in the whole process so that they get a feeling of ownership to this forest and they can understand that conservation of these sites will bring in benefits to them on a sustainable basis Government should take up programs to develop this forest as an eco-tourism site

Co-management under a participatory concept coupled with the enforcement of law should be the target so that the eco-tourism can flourish in this site

Table 1 List of plant species recorded from Rajeshpur Sal Forest Comilla

SI No Species Family Habit Occurrence

l Acacia auriculiformis Mimosaceae Tree Planted

2 Amangium Mimosaceae Tree Planted

3 Adhatoda vasica Acanthaceae Shrub Cultivated

4 Ageratum conyzoides Asteraceae Herb Common

5 Albizia lebbeck Mimosaceae Tree Planted

6 Aprocera Mimosaceae Tree Planted

7 Alstonia scholaria Apocynaceae Thee Common

8 Ammania baccifera Lythraceae Herb Not very common

9 Anacardium occidentale Anacardiaceae Tree Planted

10 Ananas comosus Bromeliaceae Herb Cultivated

11 Aporosa dioica Euphorbiaceae Tree Not very common

12 Aquilaria agallocha Thymeliaceae Tree Planted

13 Artocarpus heterophyllus Moraceae Tree Planted

14 Averrhoa carambola Averrhoaceae Tree Planted

15 Axonopus compress us Poaceae Herb Common

16 Bombax ceiba Bombacaceae Tree Planted Table continued

--l 9

51 No Species Family Habit OccurrenceHabit OccurrenceFamilySINo Species 52 Leucas lavandulifolia Lamiaceae Herb Common

Poaceae Grass Planted 17 Bambusa baJcooa 53 Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae Tree Planted

Grass Planted 18 Bambusa polymorpha Poaceae 54 Melastoma malabathricum Melastomaceae Shrub Very common

Grass Planted 55 Merremia umbellata Convolvulaceae Climber CommonBambusa tulda Poaceae

Pal mae Tree Common 56 Microcos paniculata Tiliaceae Tree Very common 19

20 Borassus flabellifer Herb Common 57 Mikania scandens Asteraceae Herb Very common Rubiaceae21 Borreria hispida

58 Mimosa pudica Mimosaceae Herb CommonShrub CommonCaesalpinaceae22 Caesalpinia crista 59 Morinda angustifolia Rubiaceae S hrub Not very common

Climber PlantedPalmae23 Calamus guruba 60 Nelsonia canescens Acanthaceae Herb Common Tree Not very common Lecythidaceae24 Careya arborea 61 Oxalis corniculata Oxalidaceae Herb Common Tree Planted

Chikrassia tabularis Meliaceae 62 Phoenix sylvestris Palmae Tree Planted Herb Very common

25 Poaceae 63 Phyllanthus embelica Euphorbiaceae Tree Planted26 Chrysopogon aciculatus

Shrub Common 64 Psidium guajava Myrtaceae Tree PlantedVerbenaceaeClerodendrum viscosum 27 65 Psychotria calocarpa Rubiaceae Shrub CommonHerb CommonCommelinaceae28 Commelina benghalensis 66 Pteris vittata Pteridaceae Fern CommonClimber Planted

29 Daemonorops jenkinsiana Arecaceae 67 Randia dumetorum Rubiaceae Shrub Common

Tree CommonFabaceaeDalbergia stipulacea 30 68 Rumex maritimus Polyonaceae Herb Not common Climber Not very ommon Dilleniaceae3l Delima sarmentosa 69 Rungia pectinata Acanthaceae Herb Common Tree Planted

32 Delonix regia Caesalpinialteae 70 Samanea saman Mimosaceae Tree Planted

Fabaceae Herb Common 71 Scoparia dulcis Scrophulariaceae Herb Common33 Desmodium heterophyllum Herb Common 72 Shorea robusta Dipterocarpaceae Tree DominantPoaceae34 Digittaria sanguinalis

73 Smilax macrophylla Smilacaceae Climber CommonClimber CommonDioscoreaceae35 Dioscorea pentaphylla 74 Swietenia mahagoni Meliaceae Tree PlantedTree PlantedDipterocarpaceae36 Dipterocarpus turbinatus 75 Syzygium cumini Myrtaceae Tree Planted

Polipodiaceae Epiphyte Common 37 Drynaia quercifolia 76 Syzygium fruticosum Myrtaceae Tree Common

Tree Not very common Fabaceae38 Erythrina variegata 77 Tabebuia rosea Bignoniaceae Tree Planted Tree Planted

39 Eucalyptus camaldulensis Myrtaceae 78 Tabernaemontana divaricata Apocynaceae Shrub Common

Asteraceae Shrub Very common 79 Tamarindus indicus Caesalpinaceae Tree Planted40 Eupatorium odoratum Tree Planted 80 Terminalia belerica Combretaceae Tree PlantedMoraceae41 Ficus lachooka

81 T chebula Combretaceae Tree PlantedShrub CommonFlacourtiaceae42 Flacourtia indica 82 Urena lobata Malvaceae Herb Common

Guttiferae Tree Common 43 Garcinia cowa 83 Viscum orientalis Loranthaceae Parasite Common

Guttiferae Tree Rare 44 G lancaefolia 84 Zizyphus rugosa Rhamnaceae Shrub Common

Herb CommonAsteraceae45 Grangea madaraspatana

Asclepiadaceae Climber Common 46 Hemidesmus indicus

Shrub CommonApocynaceae

Tree Planted 47 Holarrhena antidysenterica

Dipterocarpaceae 48 Hopea odorata

49 Jchnocarpus frutescens Apocynaceae Climber Common

Shrub Very common Rubiaceae Shrub Very common

50 Ixora acuminata Rubiaceae

Shrub Common 50 Ixora acuminata

Rubiaceae51 Ixora parviflora Table continued

10 I

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nens

e C

omm

on F

lam

ebac

k R

N

O

6

Din

opiu

m b

engh

aen

se

Bla

ck-r

umpe

d Fl

ameb

ack

Kat

hokr

a R

N

O

7

Meg

alai

mid

ae

Meg

aai

ma

haem

acep

hala

C

oppe

rsm

ith B

arbe

t C

hoto

Bas

anta

Bau

ri R

N

O

8

Meg

aai

ma

inea

te

Line

ated

Bar

bet

Gur

khod

Beg

hbou

R

N

O

9

Upu

pifo

rmes

U

pupi

dae

Upu

pa e

pops

C

omm

on H

oopo

e H

udhu

d5

0lai

man

Pak

hi

R

NO

10

Cor

aciif

orm

es

Cor

aciid

ae

Cor

acia

s be

ngha

ens

is

Indi

an R

olle

r N

ilkan

tha

R

NO

11

Alc

edin

idae

A

lced

o at

this

C

omm

on K

ingf

ishe

r C

hoto

Maa

chra

nga

R

NO

12

H

alcy

on s

myr

nens

is

Whi

teth

roat

ed K

ingf

ishe

r M

aach

rang

a R

N

O

13

Meg

acer

ye

ugu

bris

P

ied

Kin

gfis

her

R

DO

14

M

erop

idae

M

erop

s or

ient

alis

G

reen

Bee

eate

r S

uich

ora

Ban

spat

i R

N

O

15

Cuc

ulifo

rmes

C

ucul

idae

C

acom

antis

mer

ulin

us

Plai

ntiv

e cu

ckoo

C

hata

kiS

orgo

m

R

NO

16

Cuc

uus

sat

urat

us

Orie

ntal

Cuc

koo

M

17

Cen

trip

odid

ae

Cen

tropu

s si

nens

is

Gre

ater

Cou

cal

Kan

akua

Cou

cal

R

NO

18

Ca

mat

or ja

cobi

nus

Pie

d C

ucko

o P

apiy

a R

N

O

19

Cuc

uus

mic

ropt

erus

lndi

an

Cuc

koo

Bou

-Kat

ha-K

ao P

akhi

R

N

O

20

Eud

ynam

ys sc

pa

cea

Asi

an C

ucko

o K

okil

Ku

kil

R

NO

2l

H

iero

cocc

yx v

ariu

s C

omm

on H

awk

Cuc

koo

Cho

khg

elo

Pakh

i R

N

O

22

Phae

nico

phae

us tr

istis

G

reen

-bill

ed M

alko

ha

Sab

uj K

okil

R

NO

23

Apo

difo

rmes

A

podi

dae

Cyp

siur

us b

aa

siens

is

Asi

an P

alm

Sw

ift

Nak

kati

R

NO

24

Stri

gifo

rmes

T

yton

idae

Ty

toa

ba

Bar

n O

wl

Laxm

i Pen

cha

R

NO

Tab

le c

ontin

ued

SL

Ord

er

Fam

ily

Sci

entif

ic N

ame

Eng

lish

Nam

e Lo

cal N

ame

~

No

II

I II

I

C

5

C

0

1 ]

III

~

cgt

shy~

vC

0

gt-

V

III

alO

i3

0

C

zOl

zO

l

V

middotiii

Wu~ u~

~II

I

)

)

c

_

u

_u

U

25

Stri

gida

e A

then

e br

oma

Spo

tted

Ow

let

Khu

rule

y Pe

ncha

R

N

O

26

Bub

o be

nga

ensi

s R

ock

Eag

le O

wl

Hut

um P

ench

a R

N

O

27

Ket

upa

zey

onen

sis

Bro

wn

Fish

Ow

l B

hutu

m P

ench

a R

VU

28

N

inox

scu

tua

ta

Bro

wn

Haw

k O

wl

Kup

okh

R

NO

29

Cap

rimul

gida

e C

aprim

ugu

s m

acru

rus

Larg

e-ta

iled

Nig

ht ja

r R

atch

ara

R

NO

30

Col

umbi

form

es C

olum

bida

e C

olum

ba i

via

Roc

k P

igeo

n J

alal

i Kab

utor

R

N

O

31

Duc

ua

aene

a G

reen

Im

peria

l Pig

eon

Dhu

mko

l R

D

O32

S

trept

ope

ia c

hin

ensis

S

potte

d D

ove

Tila

Ghu

ghu

R

NO

33

Stre

ptop

eia

dec

aoct

a E

uras

ian

Col

lare

d D

ove

Raj G

hugh

uD

hoba

l R

N

O

Ghu

ghu

34

Stre

ptop

eia

tran

queb

aric

a R

ed C

olla

red

Dov

e La

l Ghu

ghu

Jon

gla

R

NO

G

hugh

u35

Tr

eron

api

caud

a Pi

n-ta

iled

Gre

en P

igeo

n H

oria

lH

orik

ol

R

CR36

T

rero

n bi

cinc

ta

Ora

nge-

brea

sted

Gre

en P

igeo

n H

oria

lH

orik

ol

R

NO

37

Trer

on p

hoen

icop

tera

Y

ello

w-f

oote

d G

reen

Pig

eon

Hor

iallB

otko

l R

N

O38

Tr

eron

pom

pado

ra

Pom

pado

ur G

reen

Pig

eon

Cho

to H

oria

l R

N

O

39

Stre

ptop

elia

orie

ntal

is

Orie

ntal

Tur

tle D

ove

Ghu

ghu

M39

S

trept

ope

ia o

rient

ais

O

rient

al T

urtle

Dov

e G

hugh

u M

40

Gru

iform

es

Ral

lidae

A

mau

rorn

is p

hoen

icur

us

Whi

te-b

reas

ted

Wat

erhe

n D

ahuk

R

N

O

41

Cic

oniif

orm

es

Jaca

nida

e B

ronz

e-w

ing

ed Jlt

can

a R

o

42

Cha

radr

iidae

R

ed-I

middotta tt1~

Lap

(

o lt

=

43

Acc

ipltr

idae

44

~

-r

-$

-

_

~__~

-

bull _

45

~2--

--

c

46

~-~

~

Ju

l~

cSL

O

rder

Fa

mily

S

cien

tific

Nam

e E

nglis

h N

ame

Loca

l Nam

e II

I el

lel

lN

o

1l

3

III

i6

1l

c

ell

cc

gt

c ~~

II

I

el

l co

0

J

0 V

I

1l

Z

o-

Zo

-V

I w

v

v

el

l J

ill

cc

-v

2a

u

47

Milv

us m

igra

ns

Bla

ck K

ite

Bhu

bon

Chi

l R

N

O

48

Circ

us c

yane

us

Hen

Har

rier

M

49

Pan

dion

ha

iaet

us

Osp

rey

Mec

ho B

aaj

M

50

Falc

onid

ae

Falc

o ch

icqu

era

Red

-nec

ked

Falc

on

Tur

mut

i R

D

D

LR

51

Falc

o tin

nunc

ulus

C

omm

on K

estre

l M

52

P

hala

croc

orac

idae

P

hala

croc

orax

nig

er

Littl

e C

orm

oran

t P

aan-

kow

ri R

N

O

53

Ard

eida

e A

rdeo

la g

rayi

i Ind

ian

Pon

d H

eron

K

ani B

okK

ana

Bok

R

N

O

54

Bub

ulcu

s ib

is

Cat

tle E

gret

G

o-bo

k R

N

O

55

But

orid

es s

triat

us

Littl

e E

gret

C

hoto

Bok

R

N

O

56

Dup

etor

fav

icol

is

Bla

ck B

itter

n K

alo

Bok

R

D

D

57

Ixob

rych

us m

inut

us

Littl

e B

itter

n K

hude

y B

ok

R

DD

58

Ixob

rych

us s

inen

sis

Yel

low

Bitt

ern

Hol

dey

Bok

R

N

O

59

Mes

opho

yx in

term

edia

In

term

edia

te E

gret

M

aijla

Bok

R

N

O

60

Nyc

ticor

ax n

ictic

orax

B

lack

-cro

wne

d N

ight

Her

on

Waa

klN

ishi

Bok

R

N

O

61

Sco

lopa

cida

e A

ctiti

s hy

pole

ucos

C

omm

on S

andp

iper

M

62

Gal

inag

o ga

lina

go

Fant

ail S

nipe

K

ada-

khoc

ha

M

63

Gal

linag

o st

enur

a P

inta

il S

nipe

K

ada-

khoc

ha

M

64

P

asse

rifor

mes

Lan

iidae

La

nius

sch

ach

Long

-tai

led

Shr

ike

Bag

haT

iki

R

NO

65

Lani

us c

rista

tus

Bro

wn

Shr

ike

Bad

ami K

osha

i Pak

hi

M

66

Lani

us te

phro

notu

s G

reyb

acke

d S

hrik

e K

osha

i Pak

hi

M

67

Cor

vida

e C

orvu

s m

acro

rhyn

chos

Ju

ngle

Cro

w

Dan

r Ka

k R

N

O

68

Cor

vus

sple

nden

s H

ouse

Cro

w

Pat

i Kak

lKau

a R

N

O

69

Den

droc

itta

vaga

bund

a R

ufus

Tre

epie

H

anric

hach

aK

utum

R

N

O

70

Aeg

ithin

a tip

hia

Com

mon

lora

T

owfik

Fat

ikja

l R

N

O

71

Orio

lus

xant

hom

us

Bla

ck-h

eade

d O

riole

H

olde

y P

akhi

R

N

O

72

Dic

ruru

s ae

neus

B

ronz

ed D

rong

o C

hoto

Fin

gey

R

NO

Tab

le c

on

tin

ue

d

SL

Ord

er

Fam

ily

Sci

entif

ic N

ame

Eng

lish

Nam

e Lo

cal N

ame

c

III

No

el

l el

l 1

l

3

II

I i6

1

lc

el

l c

--c~ ~~

C

II

I 0

ell

J

0 V

IC

Ooshy

1l

Z

o-

VI

Zel

l w

v

v

J

III

J II

Icc

el

l -v

-v

U

73

Dic

urur

s m

acro

cerc

us

Bla

ck D

rong

o F

inge

y R

N

O

74

Arta

mus

fusc

us

Ash

y W

oods

wal

low

La

tora

R

N

O

75

Cor

acin

a m

acei

La

rge

Cuc

koos

hrik

e G

udhu

ka

R

NO

76

P

eric

roco

tus

cinn

amom

eus

Sm

all M

iniv

et

S~t

Sai

li R

N

O

77

Teph

rodo

rnis

pon

dice

rianu

s C

omm

on W

oods

hrik

e R

N

O

78

Rhi

pidu

ra a

lbic

olis

W

hite

-thr

oate

d Fa

ntai

l Le

jnac

hani

R

N

O

79

Mus

cica

pida

e C

opsy

chus

sau

laris

O

rient

al M

agpi

e R

obin

D

oelD

oina

chan

i R

N

O

80

Cul

icic

apa

ceyl

onen

sis

Gre

y-he

aded

Can

ary

Fly

catc

her

Fut

futi

R

NO

81

S

axic

olac

apra

ta

Pie

d B

usnc

hat

R

NO

82

C

haim

arro

rnis

leuc

ocep

halu

s W

hite

-cap

ped

Wat

er R

edst

art

M

83

Cyo

rnis

tick

ellia

e T

icke

lls B

lue

Fly

catc

her

M

84

Eum

yias

thal

assi

fa

Ver

dite

r F

lyca

tche

r M

85

Fi

cedu

la p

arva

R

ed-t

hroa

ted

Fly

catc

her

Lalb

ook

Cho

tok

M

86

Lusc

inia

cal

iope

S

iber

ian

Rub

yThr

oat

M

87

Lusc

inia

sve

cica

B

luet

hroa

t M

88

M

ontic

ola

solit

ariu

s B

lock

Roc

k Th

rush

M

89

S

axic

ola

torq

uata

C

omm

on S

tone

chat

M

90

Tu

rdus

uni

colo

r T

icke

lls T

hrus

h M

91

Zo

othe

ra c

itrin

e O

rang

e-he

aded

Thr

ush

M

92

Stu

rnid

ae

Acr

idot

here

s ci

nere

us

Whi

te-v

ente

d M

yna

R

DD

93

A

crid

othe

res

fusc

us

Jung

le M

yna

Jhut

i Sha

lik

R

NO

94

A

crid

othe

res

trist

is

Com

mon

Myn

a B

hat S

halik

R

N

O

95

Stu

rnus

con

tra

Asi

an P

ied

Sta~

ling

G

obre

y S

halik

Gu

Shal

ik

R

~O

96

Stu

rnus

mal

abar

icus

C

hest

nut-

taile

d S

tarli

ng

Kat

h S

halik

R

97

Hiru

ndin

idae

H

irund

o da

uric

a R

ed-r

umpe

d S

wal

low

A

babi

l 98

H

irund

o ru

stic

a B

arn

Sw

allo

w

Aba

bil

99

Par

idae

Pa

rus

maj

or

Gre

atT

it

J~

- z=

~ -

--

~_

--la

SL

Ord

er

Fam

ily

Sci

entif

ic N

ame

Eng

lish

Nam

e Lo

cal N

ame

r

II

No

CI

I CI

I t

l

3

tl

C

c

CII

0

gt-

r

cgt

shyC

- CII

iO -

V

I v a

l 0

cI

0 t

l Z

Cl

ZC

l V

I ii

i v~ v~

UJ

IshyCI

I

a

-v

-v

U

100

P

ycno

notu

s ar

ticep

s B

lack

-hea

ded

Bul

bul

Kal

o B

ulbu

l R

N

O

101

P

ycno

notid

ae

Pyc

nono

tus

cafe

r R

ed-v

ente

d B

ulbu

B

ulbu

li R

N

O

102

P

ycno

notu

sjoc

osus

R

ed-w

hisk

ered

Bul

bul

Sip

ahi B

ulbu

li R

N

O

103

Z

oste

ropi

dae

Zost

erop

s pa

lpeb

rosu

s O

rient

al W

hite

-eye

S

het-

ankh

i R

N

O

104

S

ylvi

idae

A

lcip

pe p

Oio

icep

hala

B

row

n-ch

eeke

d Fu

lvet

ta

R

NO

lO

S

Dum

etia

hyp

eryt

hra

Taw

ny-b

ellie

d B

abbl

er

R

DD

10

6

Mal

acoc

incl

a ab

botti

A

bbot

s B

abbl

er

R

NO

10

7

Meg

auru

s pa

lust

ris

Stri

ated

Gra

ssbi

rd

R

DD

10

8

Ort

hoto

mus

sut

oriu

s C

omm

on T

ailo

rbird

T

untu

nilT

uni

R

NO

10

9

Turd

oide

s ca

udat

us

Com

mon

Bab

bler

R

D

D

110

Tu

rdoi

des

earle

i S

triat

ed B

abbl

er

R

NO

11

1

Acr

ocep

halu

s du

met

orum

B

lyth

s R

eed

War

bler

M

11

2

Bra

dypt

erus

lute

oven

tris

Bro

wn

Bush

War

bler

M

lB

H

ippo

lais

cal

igat

a B

oote

d W

arbl

er

M

114

P

hyllo

scop

us a

ffini

s T

icke

lls L

eaf W

arbl

er

M

115

A

laud

idae

A

laud

a gu

lgul

a O

rient

al S

kyla

rk

Bha

rat P

akhi

R

N

O

116

M

irafr

a as

sam

ica

Rufo

us-w

inge

d B

ushl

ark

Bha

rat P

akhi

R

N

O

117

N

ecta

riniid

ae

Nec

tarin

ia a

siat

ica

Pur

ple

Sun

bird

N

iltu

nilM

adhu

ch u

sh ki

R

N

O

118

N

ecta

rinia

zey

loni

ca

Pur

ple-

rum

ped

Sun

bird

M

outu

shi

R

NO

11

9

Dic

aeum

ery

thro

rhyn

chos

P

ale-

bille

d F

low

erpe

cker

F

uljh

uri

R

NO

12

0

Pass

erid

ae

Lonc

hura

mal

abar

ica

Indi

an S

ilver

bill

R

NO

12

1

Lonc

hura

pun

ctul

ata

Sca

ly-b

reas

ted

Mun

ia

Tila

Mun

ia

R

NO

12

2

Pass

er d

omes

ticus

H

ouse

Spa

rrow

C

haru

i R

N

O

123

P

oce

us p

hilip

pinu

s B

ayaW

eave

r B

abui

Bao

i R

N

O

124

M

otac

illa

mad

eras

pate

nsis

W

hite

-bro

wed

Wag

tail

Pakr

a K

honj

an

R

NO

12

5

Ant

hus

hodg

soni

i O

live-

back

ed P

ipit

M

126

A

nthu

s ru

fulu

s P

addy

field

Pip

it M

12

7

Mot

acill

a al

ba

Whi

te W

agta

il M

12

8

Mot

acill

a ci

nere

a G

rey

Wag

tail

Kho

njan

M

Tab

le 4

Mam

mal

s o

f Raj

eshp

ur s

tud

y ar

ea

SL

Ord

er

Fam

ily

Sci

entif

ic N

ame

Eng

lish

Nam

e Lo

cal N

ame

r

No

I

I CI

I CI

I t

l 3

t

liO

C

CII

cgt

-r

~~

v a

lO

cI

0 V

I Z

Cl

zg

V

I U

Jv~

V

Ishy

-v

-v

U

1

Inse

ctiv

ora

Sor

icid

ae

Sun

cus

mur

inus

G

rey

Mus

k S

hrew

C

hika

N

O

2

Chi

ropt

era

Pte

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Refere

Brandis D 1906lndian Trees Periodical Experts Book agency Delhi 767 pp

FAO 1988 Land Resources Approsal of Bangladesh for Agricultural Development Agroecolo(( I Regions ofBangladesh BGD81035 Technical Report 2570 pp

Heining RL 1925 Lists ofplants ofChittagong Collectorate and Hill Tracts Darjeeling India 84 pp

Nishat A Huq SMlmamul Barua Suvashis P Reza Ali AHM Khan Moniruzzaman A5 (eds)

2002 Bio-ecological Zones ofBangladeshIUCN Bangladesh Country Office 141 pp

Prain D 1903 Bengal plants Vol 1 amp2 Calcutta

1 I

  • cover amp back
  • Untitled
Page 8: Biodiversity of...Biodiversity of Rajeshpur Sal Forest, Comilla II I -Junaid K Choudhury Shekhar R Biswas M.Sazedullslam Oliur Rahman Sardar l\Iasir Uddin IUCN -The Wrold Conservation

13 Land Use Pattern This forest has a large number of small fragmented pieces of agricultural land These agricultural lands are intermingled with the fragmented forest patchesThere village nearby

Thus this area has all the common land-use practices such as agriculture forestry pond fisheries orchards housing etc that are commonly noticed in Bangladesh

14Community Livelihood The adjoining communities are mostly agricultural Along wit~ the farming acti~ities some of the people run petty businesses They have horticultural plants In and around their

rIWamp~~~

Peoples collecting follen leaves from the forest floor a common scenario at the sal forests

homesteads Some have small ponds which they use for growing fish in a very small scale Recently as the visitors have started to visit the site these community are gradually getting

involved in selling small local cottage products as well

15Threats to Ecosystem The most serious threat to the given ecosystem is the human interference in form of the collection of fuel wood including the leaves Almost every year these are fire hazards in this forest patch Some time the local community intentionally lit the fire in the hope to have a

better growth of grassy vegetation

8 I

16 Potentials of Ecosystem

This given patch of forest is small and cannot be managed for harvesting forest produces such as wood etc But because of its vicinity to the urban area this has a very high potential of serving as recreation site The major management goal should be to develop the site in such a manner so that it attracts wild lives especially the birds This site possesses high potential to attract birds of various species The prospect of eco-tourism is quite high

17 Recommendations

This site should be taken up for eco-tourism and necessary facilities required for the purpose may be inculcated The local people should be involved in the whole process so that they get a feeling of ownership to this forest and they can understand that conservation of these sites will bring in benefits to them on a sustainable basis Government should take up programs to develop this forest as an eco-tourism site

Co-management under a participatory concept coupled with the enforcement of law should be the target so that the eco-tourism can flourish in this site

Table 1 List of plant species recorded from Rajeshpur Sal Forest Comilla

SI No Species Family Habit Occurrence

l Acacia auriculiformis Mimosaceae Tree Planted

2 Amangium Mimosaceae Tree Planted

3 Adhatoda vasica Acanthaceae Shrub Cultivated

4 Ageratum conyzoides Asteraceae Herb Common

5 Albizia lebbeck Mimosaceae Tree Planted

6 Aprocera Mimosaceae Tree Planted

7 Alstonia scholaria Apocynaceae Thee Common

8 Ammania baccifera Lythraceae Herb Not very common

9 Anacardium occidentale Anacardiaceae Tree Planted

10 Ananas comosus Bromeliaceae Herb Cultivated

11 Aporosa dioica Euphorbiaceae Tree Not very common

12 Aquilaria agallocha Thymeliaceae Tree Planted

13 Artocarpus heterophyllus Moraceae Tree Planted

14 Averrhoa carambola Averrhoaceae Tree Planted

15 Axonopus compress us Poaceae Herb Common

16 Bombax ceiba Bombacaceae Tree Planted Table continued

--l 9

51 No Species Family Habit OccurrenceHabit OccurrenceFamilySINo Species 52 Leucas lavandulifolia Lamiaceae Herb Common

Poaceae Grass Planted 17 Bambusa baJcooa 53 Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae Tree Planted

Grass Planted 18 Bambusa polymorpha Poaceae 54 Melastoma malabathricum Melastomaceae Shrub Very common

Grass Planted 55 Merremia umbellata Convolvulaceae Climber CommonBambusa tulda Poaceae

Pal mae Tree Common 56 Microcos paniculata Tiliaceae Tree Very common 19

20 Borassus flabellifer Herb Common 57 Mikania scandens Asteraceae Herb Very common Rubiaceae21 Borreria hispida

58 Mimosa pudica Mimosaceae Herb CommonShrub CommonCaesalpinaceae22 Caesalpinia crista 59 Morinda angustifolia Rubiaceae S hrub Not very common

Climber PlantedPalmae23 Calamus guruba 60 Nelsonia canescens Acanthaceae Herb Common Tree Not very common Lecythidaceae24 Careya arborea 61 Oxalis corniculata Oxalidaceae Herb Common Tree Planted

Chikrassia tabularis Meliaceae 62 Phoenix sylvestris Palmae Tree Planted Herb Very common

25 Poaceae 63 Phyllanthus embelica Euphorbiaceae Tree Planted26 Chrysopogon aciculatus

Shrub Common 64 Psidium guajava Myrtaceae Tree PlantedVerbenaceaeClerodendrum viscosum 27 65 Psychotria calocarpa Rubiaceae Shrub CommonHerb CommonCommelinaceae28 Commelina benghalensis 66 Pteris vittata Pteridaceae Fern CommonClimber Planted

29 Daemonorops jenkinsiana Arecaceae 67 Randia dumetorum Rubiaceae Shrub Common

Tree CommonFabaceaeDalbergia stipulacea 30 68 Rumex maritimus Polyonaceae Herb Not common Climber Not very ommon Dilleniaceae3l Delima sarmentosa 69 Rungia pectinata Acanthaceae Herb Common Tree Planted

32 Delonix regia Caesalpinialteae 70 Samanea saman Mimosaceae Tree Planted

Fabaceae Herb Common 71 Scoparia dulcis Scrophulariaceae Herb Common33 Desmodium heterophyllum Herb Common 72 Shorea robusta Dipterocarpaceae Tree DominantPoaceae34 Digittaria sanguinalis

73 Smilax macrophylla Smilacaceae Climber CommonClimber CommonDioscoreaceae35 Dioscorea pentaphylla 74 Swietenia mahagoni Meliaceae Tree PlantedTree PlantedDipterocarpaceae36 Dipterocarpus turbinatus 75 Syzygium cumini Myrtaceae Tree Planted

Polipodiaceae Epiphyte Common 37 Drynaia quercifolia 76 Syzygium fruticosum Myrtaceae Tree Common

Tree Not very common Fabaceae38 Erythrina variegata 77 Tabebuia rosea Bignoniaceae Tree Planted Tree Planted

39 Eucalyptus camaldulensis Myrtaceae 78 Tabernaemontana divaricata Apocynaceae Shrub Common

Asteraceae Shrub Very common 79 Tamarindus indicus Caesalpinaceae Tree Planted40 Eupatorium odoratum Tree Planted 80 Terminalia belerica Combretaceae Tree PlantedMoraceae41 Ficus lachooka

81 T chebula Combretaceae Tree PlantedShrub CommonFlacourtiaceae42 Flacourtia indica 82 Urena lobata Malvaceae Herb Common

Guttiferae Tree Common 43 Garcinia cowa 83 Viscum orientalis Loranthaceae Parasite Common

Guttiferae Tree Rare 44 G lancaefolia 84 Zizyphus rugosa Rhamnaceae Shrub Common

Herb CommonAsteraceae45 Grangea madaraspatana

Asclepiadaceae Climber Common 46 Hemidesmus indicus

Shrub CommonApocynaceae

Tree Planted 47 Holarrhena antidysenterica

Dipterocarpaceae 48 Hopea odorata

49 Jchnocarpus frutescens Apocynaceae Climber Common

Shrub Very common Rubiaceae Shrub Very common

50 Ixora acuminata Rubiaceae

Shrub Common 50 Ixora acuminata

Rubiaceae51 Ixora parviflora Table continued

10 I

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R

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khg

elo

Pakh

i R

N

O

22

Phae

nico

phae

us tr

istis

G

reen

-bill

ed M

alko

ha

Sab

uj K

okil

R

NO

23

Apo

difo

rmes

A

podi

dae

Cyp

siur

us b

aa

siens

is

Asi

an P

alm

Sw

ift

Nak

kati

R

NO

24

Stri

gifo

rmes

T

yton

idae

Ty

toa

ba

Bar

n O

wl

Laxm

i Pen

cha

R

NO

Tab

le c

ontin

ued

SL

Ord

er

Fam

ily

Sci

entif

ic N

ame

Eng

lish

Nam

e Lo

cal N

ame

~

No

II

I II

I

C

5

C

0

1 ]

III

~

cgt

shy~

vC

0

gt-

V

III

alO

i3

0

C

zOl

zO

l

V

middotiii

Wu~ u~

~II

I

)

)

c

_

u

_u

U

25

Stri

gida

e A

then

e br

oma

Spo

tted

Ow

let

Khu

rule

y Pe

ncha

R

N

O

26

Bub

o be

nga

ensi

s R

ock

Eag

le O

wl

Hut

um P

ench

a R

N

O

27

Ket

upa

zey

onen

sis

Bro

wn

Fish

Ow

l B

hutu

m P

ench

a R

VU

28

N

inox

scu

tua

ta

Bro

wn

Haw

k O

wl

Kup

okh

R

NO

29

Cap

rimul

gida

e C

aprim

ugu

s m

acru

rus

Larg

e-ta

iled

Nig

ht ja

r R

atch

ara

R

NO

30

Col

umbi

form

es C

olum

bida

e C

olum

ba i

via

Roc

k P

igeo

n J

alal

i Kab

utor

R

N

O

31

Duc

ua

aene

a G

reen

Im

peria

l Pig

eon

Dhu

mko

l R

D

O32

S

trept

ope

ia c

hin

ensis

S

potte

d D

ove

Tila

Ghu

ghu

R

NO

33

Stre

ptop

eia

dec

aoct

a E

uras

ian

Col

lare

d D

ove

Raj G

hugh

uD

hoba

l R

N

O

Ghu

ghu

34

Stre

ptop

eia

tran

queb

aric

a R

ed C

olla

red

Dov

e La

l Ghu

ghu

Jon

gla

R

NO

G

hugh

u35

Tr

eron

api

caud

a Pi

n-ta

iled

Gre

en P

igeo

n H

oria

lH

orik

ol

R

CR36

T

rero

n bi

cinc

ta

Ora

nge-

brea

sted

Gre

en P

igeo

n H

oria

lH

orik

ol

R

NO

37

Trer

on p

hoen

icop

tera

Y

ello

w-f

oote

d G

reen

Pig

eon

Hor

iallB

otko

l R

N

O38

Tr

eron

pom

pado

ra

Pom

pado

ur G

reen

Pig

eon

Cho

to H

oria

l R

N

O

39

Stre

ptop

elia

orie

ntal

is

Orie

ntal

Tur

tle D

ove

Ghu

ghu

M39

S

trept

ope

ia o

rient

ais

O

rient

al T

urtle

Dov

e G

hugh

u M

40

Gru

iform

es

Ral

lidae

A

mau

rorn

is p

hoen

icur

us

Whi

te-b

reas

ted

Wat

erhe

n D

ahuk

R

N

O

41

Cic

oniif

orm

es

Jaca

nida

e B

ronz

e-w

ing

ed Jlt

can

a R

o

42

Cha

radr

iidae

R

ed-I

middotta tt1~

Lap

(

o lt

=

43

Acc

ipltr

idae

44

~

-r

-$

-

_

~__~

-

bull _

45

~2--

--

c

46

~-~

~

Ju

l~

cSL

O

rder

Fa

mily

S

cien

tific

Nam

e E

nglis

h N

ame

Loca

l Nam

e II

I el

lel

lN

o

1l

3

III

i6

1l

c

ell

cc

gt

c ~~

II

I

el

l co

0

J

0 V

I

1l

Z

o-

Zo

-V

I w

v

v

el

l J

ill

cc

-v

2a

u

47

Milv

us m

igra

ns

Bla

ck K

ite

Bhu

bon

Chi

l R

N

O

48

Circ

us c

yane

us

Hen

Har

rier

M

49

Pan

dion

ha

iaet

us

Osp

rey

Mec

ho B

aaj

M

50

Falc

onid

ae

Falc

o ch

icqu

era

Red

-nec

ked

Falc

on

Tur

mut

i R

D

D

LR

51

Falc

o tin

nunc

ulus

C

omm

on K

estre

l M

52

P

hala

croc

orac

idae

P

hala

croc

orax

nig

er

Littl

e C

orm

oran

t P

aan-

kow

ri R

N

O

53

Ard

eida

e A

rdeo

la g

rayi

i Ind

ian

Pon

d H

eron

K

ani B

okK

ana

Bok

R

N

O

54

Bub

ulcu

s ib

is

Cat

tle E

gret

G

o-bo

k R

N

O

55

But

orid

es s

triat

us

Littl

e E

gret

C

hoto

Bok

R

N

O

56

Dup

etor

fav

icol

is

Bla

ck B

itter

n K

alo

Bok

R

D

D

57

Ixob

rych

us m

inut

us

Littl

e B

itter

n K

hude

y B

ok

R

DD

58

Ixob

rych

us s

inen

sis

Yel

low

Bitt

ern

Hol

dey

Bok

R

N

O

59

Mes

opho

yx in

term

edia

In

term

edia

te E

gret

M

aijla

Bok

R

N

O

60

Nyc

ticor

ax n

ictic

orax

B

lack

-cro

wne

d N

ight

Her

on

Waa

klN

ishi

Bok

R

N

O

61

Sco

lopa

cida

e A

ctiti

s hy

pole

ucos

C

omm

on S

andp

iper

M

62

Gal

inag

o ga

lina

go

Fant

ail S

nipe

K

ada-

khoc

ha

M

63

Gal

linag

o st

enur

a P

inta

il S

nipe

K

ada-

khoc

ha

M

64

P

asse

rifor

mes

Lan

iidae

La

nius

sch

ach

Long

-tai

led

Shr

ike

Bag

haT

iki

R

NO

65

Lani

us c

rista

tus

Bro

wn

Shr

ike

Bad

ami K

osha

i Pak

hi

M

66

Lani

us te

phro

notu

s G

reyb

acke

d S

hrik

e K

osha

i Pak

hi

M

67

Cor

vida

e C

orvu

s m

acro

rhyn

chos

Ju

ngle

Cro

w

Dan

r Ka

k R

N

O

68

Cor

vus

sple

nden

s H

ouse

Cro

w

Pat

i Kak

lKau

a R

N

O

69

Den

droc

itta

vaga

bund

a R

ufus

Tre

epie

H

anric

hach

aK

utum

R

N

O

70

Aeg

ithin

a tip

hia

Com

mon

lora

T

owfik

Fat

ikja

l R

N

O

71

Orio

lus

xant

hom

us

Bla

ck-h

eade

d O

riole

H

olde

y P

akhi

R

N

O

72

Dic

ruru

s ae

neus

B

ronz

ed D

rong

o C

hoto

Fin

gey

R

NO

Tab

le c

on

tin

ue

d

SL

Ord

er

Fam

ily

Sci

entif

ic N

ame

Eng

lish

Nam

e Lo

cal N

ame

c

III

No

el

l el

l 1

l

3

II

I i6

1

lc

el

l c

--c~ ~~

C

II

I 0

ell

J

0 V

IC

Ooshy

1l

Z

o-

VI

Zel

l w

v

v

J

III

J II

Icc

el

l -v

-v

U

73

Dic

urur

s m

acro

cerc

us

Bla

ck D

rong

o F

inge

y R

N

O

74

Arta

mus

fusc

us

Ash

y W

oods

wal

low

La

tora

R

N

O

75

Cor

acin

a m

acei

La

rge

Cuc

koos

hrik

e G

udhu

ka

R

NO

76

P

eric

roco

tus

cinn

amom

eus

Sm

all M

iniv

et

S~t

Sai

li R

N

O

77

Teph

rodo

rnis

pon

dice

rianu

s C

omm

on W

oods

hrik

e R

N

O

78

Rhi

pidu

ra a

lbic

olis

W

hite

-thr

oate

d Fa

ntai

l Le

jnac

hani

R

N

O

79

Mus

cica

pida

e C

opsy

chus

sau

laris

O

rient

al M

agpi

e R

obin

D

oelD

oina

chan

i R

N

O

80

Cul

icic

apa

ceyl

onen

sis

Gre

y-he

aded

Can

ary

Fly

catc

her

Fut

futi

R

NO

81

S

axic

olac

apra

ta

Pie

d B

usnc

hat

R

NO

82

C

haim

arro

rnis

leuc

ocep

halu

s W

hite

-cap

ped

Wat

er R

edst

art

M

83

Cyo

rnis

tick

ellia

e T

icke

lls B

lue

Fly

catc

her

M

84

Eum

yias

thal

assi

fa

Ver

dite

r F

lyca

tche

r M

85

Fi

cedu

la p

arva

R

ed-t

hroa

ted

Fly

catc

her

Lalb

ook

Cho

tok

M

86

Lusc

inia

cal

iope

S

iber

ian

Rub

yThr

oat

M

87

Lusc

inia

sve

cica

B

luet

hroa

t M

88

M

ontic

ola

solit

ariu

s B

lock

Roc

k Th

rush

M

89

S

axic

ola

torq

uata

C

omm

on S

tone

chat

M

90

Tu

rdus

uni

colo

r T

icke

lls T

hrus

h M

91

Zo

othe

ra c

itrin

e O

rang

e-he

aded

Thr

ush

M

92

Stu

rnid

ae

Acr

idot

here

s ci

nere

us

Whi

te-v

ente

d M

yna

R

DD

93

A

crid

othe

res

fusc

us

Jung

le M

yna

Jhut

i Sha

lik

R

NO

94

A

crid

othe

res

trist

is

Com

mon

Myn

a B

hat S

halik

R

N

O

95

Stu

rnus

con

tra

Asi

an P

ied

Sta~

ling

G

obre

y S

halik

Gu

Shal

ik

R

~O

96

Stu

rnus

mal

abar

icus

C

hest

nut-

taile

d S

tarli

ng

Kat

h S

halik

R

97

Hiru

ndin

idae

H

irund

o da

uric

a R

ed-r

umpe

d S

wal

low

A

babi

l 98

H

irund

o ru

stic

a B

arn

Sw

allo

w

Aba

bil

99

Par

idae

Pa

rus

maj

or

Gre

atT

it

J~

- z=

~ -

--

~_

--la

SL

Ord

er

Fam

ily

Sci

entif

ic N

ame

Eng

lish

Nam

e Lo

cal N

ame

r

II

No

CI

I CI

I t

l

3

tl

C

c

CII

0

gt-

r

cgt

shyC

- CII

iO -

V

I v a

l 0

cI

0 t

l Z

Cl

ZC

l V

I ii

i v~ v~

UJ

IshyCI

I

a

-v

-v

U

100

P

ycno

notu

s ar

ticep

s B

lack

-hea

ded

Bul

bul

Kal

o B

ulbu

l R

N

O

101

P

ycno

notid

ae

Pyc

nono

tus

cafe

r R

ed-v

ente

d B

ulbu

B

ulbu

li R

N

O

102

P

ycno

notu

sjoc

osus

R

ed-w

hisk

ered

Bul

bul

Sip

ahi B

ulbu

li R

N

O

103

Z

oste

ropi

dae

Zost

erop

s pa

lpeb

rosu

s O

rient

al W

hite

-eye

S

het-

ankh

i R

N

O

104

S

ylvi

idae

A

lcip

pe p

Oio

icep

hala

B

row

n-ch

eeke

d Fu

lvet

ta

R

NO

lO

S

Dum

etia

hyp

eryt

hra

Taw

ny-b

ellie

d B

abbl

er

R

DD

10

6

Mal

acoc

incl

a ab

botti

A

bbot

s B

abbl

er

R

NO

10

7

Meg

auru

s pa

lust

ris

Stri

ated

Gra

ssbi

rd

R

DD

10

8

Ort

hoto

mus

sut

oriu

s C

omm

on T

ailo

rbird

T

untu

nilT

uni

R

NO

10

9

Turd

oide

s ca

udat

us

Com

mon

Bab

bler

R

D

D

110

Tu

rdoi

des

earle

i S

triat

ed B

abbl

er

R

NO

11

1

Acr

ocep

halu

s du

met

orum

B

lyth

s R

eed

War

bler

M

11

2

Bra

dypt

erus

lute

oven

tris

Bro

wn

Bush

War

bler

M

lB

H

ippo

lais

cal

igat

a B

oote

d W

arbl

er

M

114

P

hyllo

scop

us a

ffini

s T

icke

lls L

eaf W

arbl

er

M

115

A

laud

idae

A

laud

a gu

lgul

a O

rient

al S

kyla

rk

Bha

rat P

akhi

R

N

O

116

M

irafr

a as

sam

ica

Rufo

us-w

inge

d B

ushl

ark

Bha

rat P

akhi

R

N

O

117

N

ecta

riniid

ae

Nec

tarin

ia a

siat

ica

Pur

ple

Sun

bird

N

iltu

nilM

adhu

ch u

sh ki

R

N

O

118

N

ecta

rinia

zey

loni

ca

Pur

ple-

rum

ped

Sun

bird

M

outu

shi

R

NO

11

9

Dic

aeum

ery

thro

rhyn

chos

P

ale-

bille

d F

low

erpe

cker

F

uljh

uri

R

NO

12

0

Pass

erid

ae

Lonc

hura

mal

abar

ica

Indi

an S

ilver

bill

R

NO

12

1

Lonc

hura

pun

ctul

ata

Sca

ly-b

reas

ted

Mun

ia

Tila

Mun

ia

R

NO

12

2

Pass

er d

omes

ticus

H

ouse

Spa

rrow

C

haru

i R

N

O

123

P

oce

us p

hilip

pinu

s B

ayaW

eave

r B

abui

Bao

i R

N

O

124

M

otac

illa

mad

eras

pate

nsis

W

hite

-bro

wed

Wag

tail

Pakr

a K

honj

an

R

NO

12

5

Ant

hus

hodg

soni

i O

live-

back

ed P

ipit

M

126

A

nthu

s ru

fulu

s P

addy

field

Pip

it M

12

7

Mot

acill

a al

ba

Whi

te W

agta

il M

12

8

Mot

acill

a ci

nere

a G

rey

Wag

tail

Kho

njan

M

Tab

le 4

Mam

mal

s o

f Raj

eshp

ur s

tud

y ar

ea

SL

Ord

er

Fam

ily

Sci

entif

ic N

ame

Eng

lish

Nam

e Lo

cal N

ame

r

No

I

I CI

I CI

I t

l 3

t

liO

C

CII

cgt

-r

~~

v a

lO

cI

0 V

I Z

Cl

zg

V

I U

Jv~

V

Ishy

-v

-v

U

1

Inse

ctiv

ora

Sor

icid

ae

Sun

cus

mur

inus

G

rey

Mus

k S

hrew

C

hika

N

O

2

Chi

ropt

era

Pte

ropo

dida

e P

tero

pus

giga

nteu

s Fl

ying

Fox

B

adur

N

O

3

Rou

settu

sle

sche

naul

ti Fu

lvou

s F

ruit

Bat

Ko

la B

adur

D

D

4

Meg

ader

mat

idae

M

egad

erm

a ly

ra

False

Vam

pier

D

aini

Bad

ur

NO

5

V

espe

rtili

onid

ae

Ept

esic

us p

achy

otis

Th

ick-

eare

d B

at

DD

6

H

espe

ropt

enus

tick

elli

Tic

kells

Bat

D

D

7

Pip

istre

llus

coro

man

dra

Indi

an P

ipis

trelle

N

O

8

Pip

istre

llus

mim

us

Indi

an P

igm

y P

ipis

trelle

N

O

9

Prim

ates

C

erco

pith

ecid

ae

Mac

aca

assa

men

sis

Ass

ames

e M

acaq

ue

Ash

ami B

anor

D

D

VU

10

Mac

aca

mul

atta

R

hesu

s M

acaq

ue

Ban

or

VU

LR

1l

C

arni

vora

C

anid

ae

Can

is a

ureu

s Ja

ckal

Pa

ti S

hial

VU

12

Vu

lpes

ben

gale

nsis

B

enga

l Fox

K

hek

Shi

al

VU

DD

13

Fe

lidae

Fe

lis c

haus

Ju

ngle

Cat

Ba

n B

iral

EN

II 14

P

riona

iluru

s vi

verr

inus

Fi

shin

g C

at

Mec

ho B

iral

EN

LR

II 15

H

erpe

stid

ae

Her

pest

es a

urop

unct

atus

S

mal

l Ind

ian

Mon

goos

e B

enji

NO

16

H

erpe

stes

edw

ards

i C

omm

on M

ongo

ose

Bara

Ben

ji VU

17

M

uste

lidae

Lu

tra lu

tra

C

omm

on O

tter

Ud

CR

18

Viv

errid

ae

Par

adox

urus

her

map

hrod

itvs

Com

mon

Pal

m a

Vet

Ga

ndhc

Gltl

kuJ

VU

19

Vmuo~~

tal

i= ~2

I

G e

20

h-

~-~P~=

~-~

-E

--=

~ --~-

---Q

-~

~-

~ ~-

_

-

~-~~

---

i~-

c

--

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(JOSleJ leqol) NJnI

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Brandis D 1906lndian Trees Periodical Experts Book agency Delhi 767 pp

FAO 1988 Land Resources Approsal of Bangladesh for Agricultural Development Agroecolo(( I Regions ofBangladesh BGD81035 Technical Report 2570 pp

Heining RL 1925 Lists ofplants ofChittagong Collectorate and Hill Tracts Darjeeling India 84 pp

Nishat A Huq SMlmamul Barua Suvashis P Reza Ali AHM Khan Moniruzzaman A5 (eds)

2002 Bio-ecological Zones ofBangladeshIUCN Bangladesh Country Office 141 pp

Prain D 1903 Bengal plants Vol 1 amp2 Calcutta

1 I

  • cover amp back
  • Untitled
Page 9: Biodiversity of...Biodiversity of Rajeshpur Sal Forest, Comilla II I -Junaid K Choudhury Shekhar R Biswas M.Sazedullslam Oliur Rahman Sardar l\Iasir Uddin IUCN -The Wrold Conservation

51 No Species Family Habit OccurrenceHabit OccurrenceFamilySINo Species 52 Leucas lavandulifolia Lamiaceae Herb Common

Poaceae Grass Planted 17 Bambusa baJcooa 53 Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae Tree Planted

Grass Planted 18 Bambusa polymorpha Poaceae 54 Melastoma malabathricum Melastomaceae Shrub Very common

Grass Planted 55 Merremia umbellata Convolvulaceae Climber CommonBambusa tulda Poaceae

Pal mae Tree Common 56 Microcos paniculata Tiliaceae Tree Very common 19

20 Borassus flabellifer Herb Common 57 Mikania scandens Asteraceae Herb Very common Rubiaceae21 Borreria hispida

58 Mimosa pudica Mimosaceae Herb CommonShrub CommonCaesalpinaceae22 Caesalpinia crista 59 Morinda angustifolia Rubiaceae S hrub Not very common

Climber PlantedPalmae23 Calamus guruba 60 Nelsonia canescens Acanthaceae Herb Common Tree Not very common Lecythidaceae24 Careya arborea 61 Oxalis corniculata Oxalidaceae Herb Common Tree Planted

Chikrassia tabularis Meliaceae 62 Phoenix sylvestris Palmae Tree Planted Herb Very common

25 Poaceae 63 Phyllanthus embelica Euphorbiaceae Tree Planted26 Chrysopogon aciculatus

Shrub Common 64 Psidium guajava Myrtaceae Tree PlantedVerbenaceaeClerodendrum viscosum 27 65 Psychotria calocarpa Rubiaceae Shrub CommonHerb CommonCommelinaceae28 Commelina benghalensis 66 Pteris vittata Pteridaceae Fern CommonClimber Planted

29 Daemonorops jenkinsiana Arecaceae 67 Randia dumetorum Rubiaceae Shrub Common

Tree CommonFabaceaeDalbergia stipulacea 30 68 Rumex maritimus Polyonaceae Herb Not common Climber Not very ommon Dilleniaceae3l Delima sarmentosa 69 Rungia pectinata Acanthaceae Herb Common Tree Planted

32 Delonix regia Caesalpinialteae 70 Samanea saman Mimosaceae Tree Planted

Fabaceae Herb Common 71 Scoparia dulcis Scrophulariaceae Herb Common33 Desmodium heterophyllum Herb Common 72 Shorea robusta Dipterocarpaceae Tree DominantPoaceae34 Digittaria sanguinalis

73 Smilax macrophylla Smilacaceae Climber CommonClimber CommonDioscoreaceae35 Dioscorea pentaphylla 74 Swietenia mahagoni Meliaceae Tree PlantedTree PlantedDipterocarpaceae36 Dipterocarpus turbinatus 75 Syzygium cumini Myrtaceae Tree Planted

Polipodiaceae Epiphyte Common 37 Drynaia quercifolia 76 Syzygium fruticosum Myrtaceae Tree Common

Tree Not very common Fabaceae38 Erythrina variegata 77 Tabebuia rosea Bignoniaceae Tree Planted Tree Planted

39 Eucalyptus camaldulensis Myrtaceae 78 Tabernaemontana divaricata Apocynaceae Shrub Common

Asteraceae Shrub Very common 79 Tamarindus indicus Caesalpinaceae Tree Planted40 Eupatorium odoratum Tree Planted 80 Terminalia belerica Combretaceae Tree PlantedMoraceae41 Ficus lachooka

81 T chebula Combretaceae Tree PlantedShrub CommonFlacourtiaceae42 Flacourtia indica 82 Urena lobata Malvaceae Herb Common

Guttiferae Tree Common 43 Garcinia cowa 83 Viscum orientalis Loranthaceae Parasite Common

Guttiferae Tree Rare 44 G lancaefolia 84 Zizyphus rugosa Rhamnaceae Shrub Common

Herb CommonAsteraceae45 Grangea madaraspatana

Asclepiadaceae Climber Common 46 Hemidesmus indicus

Shrub CommonApocynaceae

Tree Planted 47 Holarrhena antidysenterica

Dipterocarpaceae 48 Hopea odorata

49 Jchnocarpus frutescens Apocynaceae Climber Common

Shrub Very common Rubiaceae Shrub Very common

50 Ixora acuminata Rubiaceae

Shrub Common 50 Ixora acuminata

Rubiaceae51 Ixora parviflora Table continued

10 I

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1l

c

ell

cc

gt

c ~~

II

I

el

l co

0

J

0 V

I

1l

Z

o-

Zo

-V

I w

v

v

el

l J

ill

cc

-v

2a

u

47

Milv

us m

igra

ns

Bla

ck K

ite

Bhu

bon

Chi

l R

N

O

48

Circ

us c

yane

us

Hen

Har

rier

M

49

Pan

dion

ha

iaet

us

Osp

rey

Mec

ho B

aaj

M

50

Falc

onid

ae

Falc

o ch

icqu

era

Red

-nec

ked

Falc

on

Tur

mut

i R

D

D

LR

51

Falc

o tin

nunc

ulus

C

omm

on K

estre

l M

52

P

hala

croc

orac

idae

P

hala

croc

orax

nig

er

Littl

e C

orm

oran

t P

aan-

kow

ri R

N

O

53

Ard

eida

e A

rdeo

la g

rayi

i Ind

ian

Pon

d H

eron

K

ani B

okK

ana

Bok

R

N

O

54

Bub

ulcu

s ib

is

Cat

tle E

gret

G

o-bo

k R

N

O

55

But

orid

es s

triat

us

Littl

e E

gret

C

hoto

Bok

R

N

O

56

Dup

etor

fav

icol

is

Bla

ck B

itter

n K

alo

Bok

R

D

D

57

Ixob

rych

us m

inut

us

Littl

e B

itter

n K

hude

y B

ok

R

DD

58

Ixob

rych

us s

inen

sis

Yel

low

Bitt

ern

Hol

dey

Bok

R

N

O

59

Mes

opho

yx in

term

edia

In

term

edia

te E

gret

M

aijla

Bok

R

N

O

60

Nyc

ticor

ax n

ictic

orax

B

lack

-cro

wne

d N

ight

Her

on

Waa

klN

ishi

Bok

R

N

O

61

Sco

lopa

cida

e A

ctiti

s hy

pole

ucos

C

omm

on S

andp

iper

M

62

Gal

inag

o ga

lina

go

Fant

ail S

nipe

K

ada-

khoc

ha

M

63

Gal

linag

o st

enur

a P

inta

il S

nipe

K

ada-

khoc

ha

M

64

P

asse

rifor

mes

Lan

iidae

La

nius

sch

ach

Long

-tai

led

Shr

ike

Bag

haT

iki

R

NO

65

Lani

us c

rista

tus

Bro

wn

Shr

ike

Bad

ami K

osha

i Pak

hi

M

66

Lani

us te

phro

notu

s G

reyb

acke

d S

hrik

e K

osha

i Pak

hi

M

67

Cor

vida

e C

orvu

s m

acro

rhyn

chos

Ju

ngle

Cro

w

Dan

r Ka

k R

N

O

68

Cor

vus

sple

nden

s H

ouse

Cro

w

Pat

i Kak

lKau

a R

N

O

69

Den

droc

itta

vaga

bund

a R

ufus

Tre

epie

H

anric

hach

aK

utum

R

N

O

70

Aeg

ithin

a tip

hia

Com

mon

lora

T

owfik

Fat

ikja

l R

N

O

71

Orio

lus

xant

hom

us

Bla

ck-h

eade

d O

riole

H

olde

y P

akhi

R

N

O

72

Dic

ruru

s ae

neus

B

ronz

ed D

rong

o C

hoto

Fin

gey

R

NO

Tab

le c

on

tin

ue

d

SL

Ord

er

Fam

ily

Sci

entif

ic N

ame

Eng

lish

Nam

e Lo

cal N

ame

c

III

No

el

l el

l 1

l

3

II

I i6

1

lc

el

l c

--c~ ~~

C

II

I 0

ell

J

0 V

IC

Ooshy

1l

Z

o-

VI

Zel

l w

v

v

J

III

J II

Icc

el

l -v

-v

U

73

Dic

urur

s m

acro

cerc

us

Bla

ck D

rong

o F

inge

y R

N

O

74

Arta

mus

fusc

us

Ash

y W

oods

wal

low

La

tora

R

N

O

75

Cor

acin

a m

acei

La

rge

Cuc

koos

hrik

e G

udhu

ka

R

NO

76

P

eric

roco

tus

cinn

amom

eus

Sm

all M

iniv

et

S~t

Sai

li R

N

O

77

Teph

rodo

rnis

pon

dice

rianu

s C

omm

on W

oods

hrik

e R

N

O

78

Rhi

pidu

ra a

lbic

olis

W

hite

-thr

oate

d Fa

ntai

l Le

jnac

hani

R

N

O

79

Mus

cica

pida

e C

opsy

chus

sau

laris

O

rient

al M

agpi

e R

obin

D

oelD

oina

chan

i R

N

O

80

Cul

icic

apa

ceyl

onen

sis

Gre

y-he

aded

Can

ary

Fly

catc

her

Fut

futi

R

NO

81

S

axic

olac

apra

ta

Pie

d B

usnc

hat

R

NO

82

C

haim

arro

rnis

leuc

ocep

halu

s W

hite

-cap

ped

Wat

er R

edst

art

M

83

Cyo

rnis

tick

ellia

e T

icke

lls B

lue

Fly

catc

her

M

84

Eum

yias

thal

assi

fa

Ver

dite

r F

lyca

tche

r M

85

Fi

cedu

la p

arva

R

ed-t

hroa

ted

Fly

catc

her

Lalb

ook

Cho

tok

M

86

Lusc

inia

cal

iope

S

iber

ian

Rub

yThr

oat

M

87

Lusc

inia

sve

cica

B

luet

hroa

t M

88

M

ontic

ola

solit

ariu

s B

lock

Roc

k Th

rush

M

89

S

axic

ola

torq

uata

C

omm

on S

tone

chat

M

90

Tu

rdus

uni

colo

r T

icke

lls T

hrus

h M

91

Zo

othe

ra c

itrin

e O

rang

e-he

aded

Thr

ush

M

92

Stu

rnid

ae

Acr

idot

here

s ci

nere

us

Whi

te-v

ente

d M

yna

R

DD

93

A

crid

othe

res

fusc

us

Jung

le M

yna

Jhut

i Sha

lik

R

NO

94

A

crid

othe

res

trist

is

Com

mon

Myn

a B

hat S

halik

R

N

O

95

Stu

rnus

con

tra

Asi

an P

ied

Sta~

ling

G

obre

y S

halik

Gu

Shal

ik

R

~O

96

Stu

rnus

mal

abar

icus

C

hest

nut-

taile

d S

tarli

ng

Kat

h S

halik

R

97

Hiru

ndin

idae

H

irund

o da

uric

a R

ed-r

umpe

d S

wal

low

A

babi

l 98

H

irund

o ru

stic

a B

arn

Sw

allo

w

Aba

bil

99

Par

idae

Pa

rus

maj

or

Gre

atT

it

J~

- z=

~ -

--

~_

--la

SL

Ord

er

Fam

ily

Sci

entif

ic N

ame

Eng

lish

Nam

e Lo

cal N

ame

r

II

No

CI

I CI

I t

l

3

tl

C

c

CII

0

gt-

r

cgt

shyC

- CII

iO -

V

I v a

l 0

cI

0 t

l Z

Cl

ZC

l V

I ii

i v~ v~

UJ

IshyCI

I

a

-v

-v

U

100

P

ycno

notu

s ar

ticep

s B

lack

-hea

ded

Bul

bul

Kal

o B

ulbu

l R

N

O

101

P

ycno

notid

ae

Pyc

nono

tus

cafe

r R

ed-v

ente

d B

ulbu

B

ulbu

li R

N

O

102

P

ycno

notu

sjoc

osus

R

ed-w

hisk

ered

Bul

bul

Sip

ahi B

ulbu

li R

N

O

103

Z

oste

ropi

dae

Zost

erop

s pa

lpeb

rosu

s O

rient

al W

hite

-eye

S

het-

ankh

i R

N

O

104

S

ylvi

idae

A

lcip

pe p

Oio

icep

hala

B

row

n-ch

eeke

d Fu

lvet

ta

R

NO

lO

S

Dum

etia

hyp

eryt

hra

Taw

ny-b

ellie

d B

abbl

er

R

DD

10

6

Mal

acoc

incl

a ab

botti

A

bbot

s B

abbl

er

R

NO

10

7

Meg

auru

s pa

lust

ris

Stri

ated

Gra

ssbi

rd

R

DD

10

8

Ort

hoto

mus

sut

oriu

s C

omm

on T

ailo

rbird

T

untu

nilT

uni

R

NO

10

9

Turd

oide

s ca

udat

us

Com

mon

Bab

bler

R

D

D

110

Tu

rdoi

des

earle

i S

triat

ed B

abbl

er

R

NO

11

1

Acr

ocep

halu

s du

met

orum

B

lyth

s R

eed

War

bler

M

11

2

Bra

dypt

erus

lute

oven

tris

Bro

wn

Bush

War

bler

M

lB

H

ippo

lais

cal

igat

a B

oote

d W

arbl

er

M

114

P

hyllo

scop

us a

ffini

s T

icke

lls L

eaf W

arbl

er

M

115

A

laud

idae

A

laud

a gu

lgul

a O

rient

al S

kyla

rk

Bha

rat P

akhi

R

N

O

116

M

irafr

a as

sam

ica

Rufo

us-w

inge

d B

ushl

ark

Bha

rat P

akhi

R

N

O

117

N

ecta

riniid

ae

Nec

tarin

ia a

siat

ica

Pur

ple

Sun

bird

N

iltu

nilM

adhu

ch u

sh ki

R

N

O

118

N

ecta

rinia

zey

loni

ca

Pur

ple-

rum

ped

Sun

bird

M

outu

shi

R

NO

11

9

Dic

aeum

ery

thro

rhyn

chos

P

ale-

bille

d F

low

erpe

cker

F

uljh

uri

R

NO

12

0

Pass

erid

ae

Lonc

hura

mal

abar

ica

Indi

an S

ilver

bill

R

NO

12

1

Lonc

hura

pun

ctul

ata

Sca

ly-b

reas

ted

Mun

ia

Tila

Mun

ia

R

NO

12

2

Pass

er d

omes

ticus

H

ouse

Spa

rrow

C

haru

i R

N

O

123

P

oce

us p

hilip

pinu

s B

ayaW

eave

r B

abui

Bao

i R

N

O

124

M

otac

illa

mad

eras

pate

nsis

W

hite

-bro

wed

Wag

tail

Pakr

a K

honj

an

R

NO

12

5

Ant

hus

hodg

soni

i O

live-

back

ed P

ipit

M

126

A

nthu

s ru

fulu

s P

addy

field

Pip

it M

12

7

Mot

acill

a al

ba

Whi

te W

agta

il M

12

8

Mot

acill

a ci

nere

a G

rey

Wag

tail

Kho

njan

M

Tab

le 4

Mam

mal

s o

f Raj

eshp

ur s

tud

y ar

ea

SL

Ord

er

Fam

ily

Sci

entif

ic N

ame

Eng

lish

Nam

e Lo

cal N

ame

r

No

I

I CI

I CI

I t

l 3

t

liO

C

CII

cgt

-r

~~

v a

lO

cI

0 V

I Z

Cl

zg

V

I U

Jv~

V

Ishy

-v

-v

U

1

Inse

ctiv

ora

Sor

icid

ae

Sun

cus

mur

inus

G

rey

Mus

k S

hrew

C

hika

N

O

2

Chi

ropt

era

Pte

ropo

dida

e P

tero

pus

giga

nteu

s Fl

ying

Fox

B

adur

N

O

3

Rou

settu

sle

sche

naul

ti Fu

lvou

s F

ruit

Bat

Ko

la B

adur

D

D

4

Meg

ader

mat

idae

M

egad

erm

a ly

ra

False

Vam

pier

D

aini

Bad

ur

NO

5

V

espe

rtili

onid

ae

Ept

esic

us p

achy

otis

Th

ick-

eare

d B

at

DD

6

H

espe

ropt

enus

tick

elli

Tic

kells

Bat

D

D

7

Pip

istre

llus

coro

man

dra

Indi

an P

ipis

trelle

N

O

8

Pip

istre

llus

mim

us

Indi

an P

igm

y P

ipis

trelle

N

O

9

Prim

ates

C

erco

pith

ecid

ae

Mac

aca

assa

men

sis

Ass

ames

e M

acaq

ue

Ash

ami B

anor

D

D

VU

10

Mac

aca

mul

atta

R

hesu

s M

acaq

ue

Ban

or

VU

LR

1l

C

arni

vora

C

anid

ae

Can

is a

ureu

s Ja

ckal

Pa

ti S

hial

VU

12

Vu

lpes

ben

gale

nsis

B

enga

l Fox

K

hek

Shi

al

VU

DD

13

Fe

lidae

Fe

lis c

haus

Ju

ngle

Cat

Ba

n B

iral

EN

II 14

P

riona

iluru

s vi

verr

inus

Fi

shin

g C

at

Mec

ho B

iral

EN

LR

II 15

H

erpe

stid

ae

Her

pest

es a

urop

unct

atus

S

mal

l Ind

ian

Mon

goos

e B

enji

NO

16

H

erpe

stes

edw

ards

i C

omm

on M

ongo

ose

Bara

Ben

ji VU

17

M

uste

lidae

Lu

tra lu

tra

C

omm

on O

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Ud

CR

18

Viv

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Par

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urus

her

map

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Brandis D 1906lndian Trees Periodical Experts Book agency Delhi 767 pp

FAO 1988 Land Resources Approsal of Bangladesh for Agricultural Development Agroecolo(( I Regions ofBangladesh BGD81035 Technical Report 2570 pp

Heining RL 1925 Lists ofplants ofChittagong Collectorate and Hill Tracts Darjeeling India 84 pp

Nishat A Huq SMlmamul Barua Suvashis P Reza Ali AHM Khan Moniruzzaman A5 (eds)

2002 Bio-ecological Zones ofBangladeshIUCN Bangladesh Country Office 141 pp

Prain D 1903 Bengal plants Vol 1 amp2 Calcutta

1 I

  • cover amp back
  • Untitled
Page 10: Biodiversity of...Biodiversity of Rajeshpur Sal Forest, Comilla II I -Junaid K Choudhury Shekhar R Biswas M.Sazedullslam Oliur Rahman Sardar l\Iasir Uddin IUCN -The Wrold Conservation

l ~

Tabl

e 2

Am

ph

ibia

ns

of R

ajes

hp

ur

stu

dy

area

SL

Ord

er

Fam

ily

Sci

entif

ic N

ame

Eng

lish

Nam

e Lo

cal N

ame

~

N~

~ ~

III

-C

C

~

IV

~

2 ~

-5 a

I 0

CJ

0 V

IzC

gt

zC

gt

VI

u u~

w

I _

uIII

_ II

I u

I

u

1

An

ura

B

ufo

nid

ae

B

ufo

mel

anos

tictu

s C

om

mo

n T

oad

Ku

no

Ban

g N

O

2

Mic

roh

ylid

ae

M

icro

hyla

orn

ata

Orn

ate

Mic

roh

ylid

C

heen

a B

ang

VU

3

Ran

idae

E

uphl

yict

is c

yano

phly

ctis

S

kip

pe

r F

rog

Ko

tko

ti B

ang

NO

4

Hop

loba

trac

hus

tiger

inus

B

ull F

rog

Kol

a B

ang

NO

II

5

Lim

none

ctes

lim

noch

aris

C

rick

et

Fro

g Jh

i-jh

i Ban

g N

O

6

Rh

aco

ph

ori

da

P

olyp

edat

es m

acul

atus

M

acu

late

d T

ree

Fro

g G

echo

Ban

g N

O

Tabl

e 3

Rep

tiles

of R

ajes

hpur

stu

dy a

rea

SL

Ord

er

Fam

ily

Sci

entif

ic N

ame

Eng

lish

Nam

e Lo

cal N

ame

~

No

~

~

II

I -

Cc

II

I IV

C

gt--g

gt-1i

~

0 Ci

0

VI

Z

Cgt

Z

Cgt

VI

u

u

w

I _

uIII

I

uIII_

u

1

Tes

tudi

nes

Bat

agur

idae

G

eocJ

amys

ham

ilton

ii B

lack

po

nd

tu

rtle

K

alo

Kas

im

EN

LR

2

Kac

huga

tect

a In

dian

Roo

fed

Tur

tle

Kor

i K

aitta

N

O

3

Kac

huga

tent

oria

M

edia

n R

oofe

d T

urtle

M

ajha

ri K

aitta

EN

VU

4

Mel

anoc

hely

s tr

ijuga

In

dian

Bla

ckT

urtle

K

asim

EN

LR

5

Mor

enia

pet

ers

Indi

an E

yed

Tur

tle

Hal

dey

Kai

tta

VU

VU

6

Lace

rtili

a T

estu

dini

dae

Man

ouria

em

ys

Asi

an G

iant

Tor

tise

Pah

ari K

sim

CR

7

Gek

koni

dae

Gek

ko g

ecko

W

all L

izar

d T

okkh

ak

VU

8

Hem

idac

tylu

s br

ooki

i H

ouse

Liz

ard

Tik

tiki

NO

Tab

le c

on

tinu

ed

SL

Ord

er

Fam

ily

Sci

entif

ic N

ame

Eng

lish

Nam

e Lo

cal N

ame

cN

o

III

IV

IV

C

III

5

iii

CC

c

IV

c

gt-c

III

2 ~

u a

I 0

CJ

0 V

I Z

Cgt

Z

Cgt

V

I w

u

u

_ u

I II

I

I_ u III

9

U

H

emid

acty

lus

fkav

iviri

dis

Co

mm

on

Hou

se L

izar

d 10

T

iktik

iA

gam

idae

N

OC

alot

es v

ersi

colo

r C

om

mo

n G

arde

n Li

zard

11

R

okto

-cho

sha

Sci

ncid

ae

NO

Mab

uya

carin

ata

Com

mon

Ski

nk

12

Var

anid

ae

Var

anus

ben

gale

nsis

B

enga

l Mo

nit

or

Anj

on

NO

13

G

ui S

hap

VU

Vara

nus

fJav

esce

ns

Yel

low

Mo

nit

or

14

Sho

na G

ui

Ser

pent

es

Typ

hlop

idae

EN

Ram

phot

yphl

ops

bram

inus

C

omm

on W

orm

Sna

ke15

D

um

ukh

a S

hap

NO

Typh

lops

por

rect

us S

lend

er

Wor

m S

nake

16

Du

mu

kha

Sha

p D

DC

olub

rida

e A

haet

ulJa

nas

utus

C

omm

on V

ine

Sna

ke17

La

odog

a S

hap

VU

Aha

etul

Ja p

rasi

na

Sho

rt-n

osed

Vin

e S

nake

18

Laod

oga

Sha

p D

DA

mph

iesm

a st

olat

a S

trip

ped

Kee

lbac

k 19

D

ora

Sha

p N

OA

ltret

ium

sch

isto

sum

O

live

Kee

lbac

k 20

M

aitt

a S

hap

NO

Chy

sope

lea

orna

te

Orn

ate

Fly

ing

Sna

ke21

K

alna

gini

EN

Col

uber

muc

osus

R

at S

nake

22

Dar

ajD

endr

elap

his

pict

us

VU

II

Pai

nted

Bro

nzeb

ack

Tree

Sna

ke23

G

echo

Sha

p VU

Den

drel

aphi

s tri

stis

C

om

mo

n B

ronz

ebac

k Tr

ee S

nake

24

Bet

Anc

hora

VU

Ela

phe

hele

na

Com

mon

Tri

nket

Sna

ke25

D

udhr

aj

ENE

laph

e ra

diat

a C

oppe

r H

ead

Tri

nket

Sna

ke

26

Dud

hraj

EN

Enh

ydris

enh

ydris

C

om

mo

n S

moo

th W

ater

Sna

ke27

P

aina

Sha

p N

OLy

eodo

n au

licus

C

om

mo

n W

olf

Sna

ke28

G

harg

inni

Sha

p V

UO

ligod

on a

lboc

inct

us

Whi

te-b

arre

d K

ukri

Sna

ke

29

DD

Olig

odon

arn

ensi

s C

omm

on K

ukri

Sna

ke

30

DD

Olig

odon

cin

ereu

s B

lack

-bar

red

Kuk

ri S

nake

31

DD

Olig

odon

theo

bald

i M

anda

lay

Kuk

ri S

nake

32

D

DPa

reas

mon

tical

u A

ssam

Sna

il E

ater

33

S

ham

uk-K

hor

DD

Psa

mm

odyn

aste

s pu

lver

ulen

tus

Mo

ckV

ipe

r34

P

ahar

i Sha

p D

DX

enoc

hrop

his

pisc

ator

C

heck

ered

Kee

lbac

k 35

D

hora

Sha

pE

lapi

dae

NO

Bun

garu

s ca

erul

eus

Com

mon

Kra

it 36

K

al K

eote

y EN

Bun

garu

s fa

scia

tus

Ban

ded

Kra

it 37

S

hank

ini S

hap

ENN

aja

kaou

thia

M

on

oce

llate

Cob

ra

38

Gok

hra

Sha

p VU

Naj

anaj

a B

inoc

ella

te C

obra

39

K

hoia

Gok

hra

ENV

iper

idae

1

1Tr

imer

esur

us a

lbol

abris

B

ambo

o P

it V

iper

40

J~

Vip

era

russ

ellii

Rus

sells

Vip

er

DD

C

hand

robo

ra

CR

Tabl

e 3

Bird

s o

f Raj

eshp

ur s

tudy

are

a l~

SL

Ord

er

Fam

ily

Sci

entif

ic N

ame

Eng

lish

Nam

e Lo

cal N

ame

~

III

III

No

C

5

C

iU

c-

g

III

C

gt-

0gt

-~

v -- C

-

II

I a

lO

1)

0

V

C

zg

zO

l

V

middotiii

wu

u~ ~

)

)

cIII

_u

_

u

U

1

Pic

iform

es

Pic

idae

C

eeu

s br

ochy

urus

R

ufou

s W

oodp

ecke

r La

lche

y K

atht

hokr

a R

N

O

2

Den

droc

opos

mac

ei

Fulv

ous-

bres

ted

Woo

dpec

ker

Pakr

a K

atht

hokr

a R

N

O

3

Den

droc

opo

sm

ahre

ttens

is

Yel

low

-fron

ted

Pie

d W

oodp

ecke

r Pa

kra

Kat

htho

kra

R

DO

4

ly

nx to

rqui

lla

Eur

asia

n W

ryne

ck

Met

ho K

atht

hokr

a M

5

D

inop

ium

java

nens

e C

omm

on F

lam

ebac

k R

N

O

6

Din

opiu

m b

engh

aen

se

Bla

ck-r

umpe

d Fl

ameb

ack

Kat

hokr

a R

N

O

7

Meg

alai

mid

ae

Meg

aai

ma

haem

acep

hala

C

oppe

rsm

ith B

arbe

t C

hoto

Bas

anta

Bau

ri R

N

O

8

Meg

aai

ma

inea

te

Line

ated

Bar

bet

Gur

khod

Beg

hbou

R

N

O

9

Upu

pifo

rmes

U

pupi

dae

Upu

pa e

pops

C

omm

on H

oopo

e H

udhu

d5

0lai

man

Pak

hi

R

NO

10

Cor

aciif

orm

es

Cor

aciid

ae

Cor

acia

s be

ngha

ens

is

Indi

an R

olle

r N

ilkan

tha

R

NO

11

Alc

edin

idae

A

lced

o at

this

C

omm

on K

ingf

ishe

r C

hoto

Maa

chra

nga

R

NO

12

H

alcy

on s

myr

nens

is

Whi

teth

roat

ed K

ingf

ishe

r M

aach

rang

a R

N

O

13

Meg

acer

ye

ugu

bris

P

ied

Kin

gfis

her

R

DO

14

M

erop

idae

M

erop

s or

ient

alis

G

reen

Bee

eate

r S

uich

ora

Ban

spat

i R

N

O

15

Cuc

ulifo

rmes

C

ucul

idae

C

acom

antis

mer

ulin

us

Plai

ntiv

e cu

ckoo

C

hata

kiS

orgo

m

R

NO

16

Cuc

uus

sat

urat

us

Orie

ntal

Cuc

koo

M

17

Cen

trip

odid

ae

Cen

tropu

s si

nens

is

Gre

ater

Cou

cal

Kan

akua

Cou

cal

R

NO

18

Ca

mat

or ja

cobi

nus

Pie

d C

ucko

o P

apiy

a R

N

O

19

Cuc

uus

mic

ropt

erus

lndi

an

Cuc

koo

Bou

-Kat

ha-K

ao P

akhi

R

N

O

20

Eud

ynam

ys sc

pa

cea

Asi

an C

ucko

o K

okil

Ku

kil

R

NO

2l

H

iero

cocc

yx v

ariu

s C

omm

on H

awk

Cuc

koo

Cho

khg

elo

Pakh

i R

N

O

22

Phae

nico

phae

us tr

istis

G

reen

-bill

ed M

alko

ha

Sab

uj K

okil

R

NO

23

Apo

difo

rmes

A

podi

dae

Cyp

siur

us b

aa

siens

is

Asi

an P

alm

Sw

ift

Nak

kati

R

NO

24

Stri

gifo

rmes

T

yton

idae

Ty

toa

ba

Bar

n O

wl

Laxm

i Pen

cha

R

NO

Tab

le c

ontin

ued

SL

Ord

er

Fam

ily

Sci

entif

ic N

ame

Eng

lish

Nam

e Lo

cal N

ame

~

No

II

I II

I

C

5

C

0

1 ]

III

~

cgt

shy~

vC

0

gt-

V

III

alO

i3

0

C

zOl

zO

l

V

middotiii

Wu~ u~

~II

I

)

)

c

_

u

_u

U

25

Stri

gida

e A

then

e br

oma

Spo

tted

Ow

let

Khu

rule

y Pe

ncha

R

N

O

26

Bub

o be

nga

ensi

s R

ock

Eag

le O

wl

Hut

um P

ench

a R

N

O

27

Ket

upa

zey

onen

sis

Bro

wn

Fish

Ow

l B

hutu

m P

ench

a R

VU

28

N

inox

scu

tua

ta

Bro

wn

Haw

k O

wl

Kup

okh

R

NO

29

Cap

rimul

gida

e C

aprim

ugu

s m

acru

rus

Larg

e-ta

iled

Nig

ht ja

r R

atch

ara

R

NO

30

Col

umbi

form

es C

olum

bida

e C

olum

ba i

via

Roc

k P

igeo

n J

alal

i Kab

utor

R

N

O

31

Duc

ua

aene

a G

reen

Im

peria

l Pig

eon

Dhu

mko

l R

D

O32

S

trept

ope

ia c

hin

ensis

S

potte

d D

ove

Tila

Ghu

ghu

R

NO

33

Stre

ptop

eia

dec

aoct

a E

uras

ian

Col

lare

d D

ove

Raj G

hugh

uD

hoba

l R

N

O

Ghu

ghu

34

Stre

ptop

eia

tran

queb

aric

a R

ed C

olla

red

Dov

e La

l Ghu

ghu

Jon

gla

R

NO

G

hugh

u35

Tr

eron

api

caud

a Pi

n-ta

iled

Gre

en P

igeo

n H

oria

lH

orik

ol

R

CR36

T

rero

n bi

cinc

ta

Ora

nge-

brea

sted

Gre

en P

igeo

n H

oria

lH

orik

ol

R

NO

37

Trer

on p

hoen

icop

tera

Y

ello

w-f

oote

d G

reen

Pig

eon

Hor

iallB

otko

l R

N

O38

Tr

eron

pom

pado

ra

Pom

pado

ur G

reen

Pig

eon

Cho

to H

oria

l R

N

O

39

Stre

ptop

elia

orie

ntal

is

Orie

ntal

Tur

tle D

ove

Ghu

ghu

M39

S

trept

ope

ia o

rient

ais

O

rient

al T

urtle

Dov

e G

hugh

u M

40

Gru

iform

es

Ral

lidae

A

mau

rorn

is p

hoen

icur

us

Whi

te-b

reas

ted

Wat

erhe

n D

ahuk

R

N

O

41

Cic

oniif

orm

es

Jaca

nida

e B

ronz

e-w

ing

ed Jlt

can

a R

o

42

Cha

radr

iidae

R

ed-I

middotta tt1~

Lap

(

o lt

=

43

Acc

ipltr

idae

44

~

-r

-$

-

_

~__~

-

bull _

45

~2--

--

c

46

~-~

~

Ju

l~

cSL

O

rder

Fa

mily

S

cien

tific

Nam

e E

nglis

h N

ame

Loca

l Nam

e II

I el

lel

lN

o

1l

3

III

i6

1l

c

ell

cc

gt

c ~~

II

I

el

l co

0

J

0 V

I

1l

Z

o-

Zo

-V

I w

v

v

el

l J

ill

cc

-v

2a

u

47

Milv

us m

igra

ns

Bla

ck K

ite

Bhu

bon

Chi

l R

N

O

48

Circ

us c

yane

us

Hen

Har

rier

M

49

Pan

dion

ha

iaet

us

Osp

rey

Mec

ho B

aaj

M

50

Falc

onid

ae

Falc

o ch

icqu

era

Red

-nec

ked

Falc

on

Tur

mut

i R

D

D

LR

51

Falc

o tin

nunc

ulus

C

omm

on K

estre

l M

52

P

hala

croc

orac

idae

P

hala

croc

orax

nig

er

Littl

e C

orm

oran

t P

aan-

kow

ri R

N

O

53

Ard

eida

e A

rdeo

la g

rayi

i Ind

ian

Pon

d H

eron

K

ani B

okK

ana

Bok

R

N

O

54

Bub

ulcu

s ib

is

Cat

tle E

gret

G

o-bo

k R

N

O

55

But

orid

es s

triat

us

Littl

e E

gret

C

hoto

Bok

R

N

O

56

Dup

etor

fav

icol

is

Bla

ck B

itter

n K

alo

Bok

R

D

D

57

Ixob

rych

us m

inut

us

Littl

e B

itter

n K

hude

y B

ok

R

DD

58

Ixob

rych

us s

inen

sis

Yel

low

Bitt

ern

Hol

dey

Bok

R

N

O

59

Mes

opho

yx in

term

edia

In

term

edia

te E

gret

M

aijla

Bok

R

N

O

60

Nyc

ticor

ax n

ictic

orax

B

lack

-cro

wne

d N

ight

Her

on

Waa

klN

ishi

Bok

R

N

O

61

Sco

lopa

cida

e A

ctiti

s hy

pole

ucos

C

omm

on S

andp

iper

M

62

Gal

inag

o ga

lina

go

Fant

ail S

nipe

K

ada-

khoc

ha

M

63

Gal

linag

o st

enur

a P

inta

il S

nipe

K

ada-

khoc

ha

M

64

P

asse

rifor

mes

Lan

iidae

La

nius

sch

ach

Long

-tai

led

Shr

ike

Bag

haT

iki

R

NO

65

Lani

us c

rista

tus

Bro

wn

Shr

ike

Bad

ami K

osha

i Pak

hi

M

66

Lani

us te

phro

notu

s G

reyb

acke

d S

hrik

e K

osha

i Pak

hi

M

67

Cor

vida

e C

orvu

s m

acro

rhyn

chos

Ju

ngle

Cro

w

Dan

r Ka

k R

N

O

68

Cor

vus

sple

nden

s H

ouse

Cro

w

Pat

i Kak

lKau

a R

N

O

69

Den

droc

itta

vaga

bund

a R

ufus

Tre

epie

H

anric

hach

aK

utum

R

N

O

70

Aeg

ithin

a tip

hia

Com

mon

lora

T

owfik

Fat

ikja

l R

N

O

71

Orio

lus

xant

hom

us

Bla

ck-h

eade

d O

riole

H

olde

y P

akhi

R

N

O

72

Dic

ruru

s ae

neus

B

ronz

ed D

rong

o C

hoto

Fin

gey

R

NO

Tab

le c

on

tin

ue

d

SL

Ord

er

Fam

ily

Sci

entif

ic N

ame

Eng

lish

Nam

e Lo

cal N

ame

c

III

No

el

l el

l 1

l

3

II

I i6

1

lc

el

l c

--c~ ~~

C

II

I 0

ell

J

0 V

IC

Ooshy

1l

Z

o-

VI

Zel

l w

v

v

J

III

J II

Icc

el

l -v

-v

U

73

Dic

urur

s m

acro

cerc

us

Bla

ck D

rong

o F

inge

y R

N

O

74

Arta

mus

fusc

us

Ash

y W

oods

wal

low

La

tora

R

N

O

75

Cor

acin

a m

acei

La

rge

Cuc

koos

hrik

e G

udhu

ka

R

NO

76

P

eric

roco

tus

cinn

amom

eus

Sm

all M

iniv

et

S~t

Sai

li R

N

O

77

Teph

rodo

rnis

pon

dice

rianu

s C

omm

on W

oods

hrik

e R

N

O

78

Rhi

pidu

ra a

lbic

olis

W

hite

-thr

oate

d Fa

ntai

l Le

jnac

hani

R

N

O

79

Mus

cica

pida

e C

opsy

chus

sau

laris

O

rient

al M

agpi

e R

obin

D

oelD

oina

chan

i R

N

O

80

Cul

icic

apa

ceyl

onen

sis

Gre

y-he

aded

Can

ary

Fly

catc

her

Fut

futi

R

NO

81

S

axic

olac

apra

ta

Pie

d B

usnc

hat

R

NO

82

C

haim

arro

rnis

leuc

ocep

halu

s W

hite

-cap

ped

Wat

er R

edst

art

M

83

Cyo

rnis

tick

ellia

e T

icke

lls B

lue

Fly

catc

her

M

84

Eum

yias

thal

assi

fa

Ver

dite

r F

lyca

tche

r M

85

Fi

cedu

la p

arva

R

ed-t

hroa

ted

Fly

catc

her

Lalb

ook

Cho

tok

M

86

Lusc

inia

cal

iope

S

iber

ian

Rub

yThr

oat

M

87

Lusc

inia

sve

cica

B

luet

hroa

t M

88

M

ontic

ola

solit

ariu

s B

lock

Roc

k Th

rush

M

89

S

axic

ola

torq

uata

C

omm

on S

tone

chat

M

90

Tu

rdus

uni

colo

r T

icke

lls T

hrus

h M

91

Zo

othe

ra c

itrin

e O

rang

e-he

aded

Thr

ush

M

92

Stu

rnid

ae

Acr

idot

here

s ci

nere

us

Whi

te-v

ente

d M

yna

R

DD

93

A

crid

othe

res

fusc

us

Jung

le M

yna

Jhut

i Sha

lik

R

NO

94

A

crid

othe

res

trist

is

Com

mon

Myn

a B

hat S

halik

R

N

O

95

Stu

rnus

con

tra

Asi

an P

ied

Sta~

ling

G

obre

y S

halik

Gu

Shal

ik

R

~O

96

Stu

rnus

mal

abar

icus

C

hest

nut-

taile

d S

tarli

ng

Kat

h S

halik

R

97

Hiru

ndin

idae

H

irund

o da

uric

a R

ed-r

umpe

d S

wal

low

A

babi

l 98

H

irund

o ru

stic

a B

arn

Sw

allo

w

Aba

bil

99

Par

idae

Pa

rus

maj

or

Gre

atT

it

J~

- z=

~ -

--

~_

--la

SL

Ord

er

Fam

ily

Sci

entif

ic N

ame

Eng

lish

Nam

e Lo

cal N

ame

r

II

No

CI

I CI

I t

l

3

tl

C

c

CII

0

gt-

r

cgt

shyC

- CII

iO -

V

I v a

l 0

cI

0 t

l Z

Cl

ZC

l V

I ii

i v~ v~

UJ

IshyCI

I

a

-v

-v

U

100

P

ycno

notu

s ar

ticep

s B

lack

-hea

ded

Bul

bul

Kal

o B

ulbu

l R

N

O

101

P

ycno

notid

ae

Pyc

nono

tus

cafe

r R

ed-v

ente

d B

ulbu

B

ulbu

li R

N

O

102

P

ycno

notu

sjoc

osus

R

ed-w

hisk

ered

Bul

bul

Sip

ahi B

ulbu

li R

N

O

103

Z

oste

ropi

dae

Zost

erop

s pa

lpeb

rosu

s O

rient

al W

hite

-eye

S

het-

ankh

i R

N

O

104

S

ylvi

idae

A

lcip

pe p

Oio

icep

hala

B

row

n-ch

eeke

d Fu

lvet

ta

R

NO

lO

S

Dum

etia

hyp

eryt

hra

Taw

ny-b

ellie

d B

abbl

er

R

DD

10

6

Mal

acoc

incl

a ab

botti

A

bbot

s B

abbl

er

R

NO

10

7

Meg

auru

s pa

lust

ris

Stri

ated

Gra

ssbi

rd

R

DD

10

8

Ort

hoto

mus

sut

oriu

s C

omm

on T

ailo

rbird

T

untu

nilT

uni

R

NO

10

9

Turd

oide

s ca

udat

us

Com

mon

Bab

bler

R

D

D

110

Tu

rdoi

des

earle

i S

triat

ed B

abbl

er

R

NO

11

1

Acr

ocep

halu

s du

met

orum

B

lyth

s R

eed

War

bler

M

11

2

Bra

dypt

erus

lute

oven

tris

Bro

wn

Bush

War

bler

M

lB

H

ippo

lais

cal

igat

a B

oote

d W

arbl

er

M

114

P

hyllo

scop

us a

ffini

s T

icke

lls L

eaf W

arbl

er

M

115

A

laud

idae

A

laud

a gu

lgul

a O

rient

al S

kyla

rk

Bha

rat P

akhi

R

N

O

116

M

irafr

a as

sam

ica

Rufo

us-w

inge

d B

ushl

ark

Bha

rat P

akhi

R

N

O

117

N

ecta

riniid

ae

Nec

tarin

ia a

siat

ica

Pur

ple

Sun

bird

N

iltu

nilM

adhu

ch u

sh ki

R

N

O

118

N

ecta

rinia

zey

loni

ca

Pur

ple-

rum

ped

Sun

bird

M

outu

shi

R

NO

11

9

Dic

aeum

ery

thro

rhyn

chos

P

ale-

bille

d F

low

erpe

cker

F

uljh

uri

R

NO

12

0

Pass

erid

ae

Lonc

hura

mal

abar

ica

Indi

an S

ilver

bill

R

NO

12

1

Lonc

hura

pun

ctul

ata

Sca

ly-b

reas

ted

Mun

ia

Tila

Mun

ia

R

NO

12

2

Pass

er d

omes

ticus

H

ouse

Spa

rrow

C

haru

i R

N

O

123

P

oce

us p

hilip

pinu

s B

ayaW

eave

r B

abui

Bao

i R

N

O

124

M

otac

illa

mad

eras

pate

nsis

W

hite

-bro

wed

Wag

tail

Pakr

a K

honj

an

R

NO

12

5

Ant

hus

hodg

soni

i O

live-

back

ed P

ipit

M

126

A

nthu

s ru

fulu

s P

addy

field

Pip

it M

12

7

Mot

acill

a al

ba

Whi

te W

agta

il M

12

8

Mot

acill

a ci

nere

a G

rey

Wag

tail

Kho

njan

M

Tab

le 4

Mam

mal

s o

f Raj

eshp

ur s

tud

y ar

ea

SL

Ord

er

Fam

ily

Sci

entif

ic N

ame

Eng

lish

Nam

e Lo

cal N

ame

r

No

I

I CI

I CI

I t

l 3

t

liO

C

CII

cgt

-r

~~

v a

lO

cI

0 V

I Z

Cl

zg

V

I U

Jv~

V

Ishy

-v

-v

U

1

Inse

ctiv

ora

Sor

icid

ae

Sun

cus

mur

inus

G

rey

Mus

k S

hrew

C

hika

N

O

2

Chi

ropt

era

Pte

ropo

dida

e P

tero

pus

giga

nteu

s Fl

ying

Fox

B

adur

N

O

3

Rou

settu

sle

sche

naul

ti Fu

lvou

s F

ruit

Bat

Ko

la B

adur

D

D

4

Meg

ader

mat

idae

M

egad

erm

a ly

ra

False

Vam

pier

D

aini

Bad

ur

NO

5

V

espe

rtili

onid

ae

Ept

esic

us p

achy

otis

Th

ick-

eare

d B

at

DD

6

H

espe

ropt

enus

tick

elli

Tic

kells

Bat

D

D

7

Pip

istre

llus

coro

man

dra

Indi

an P

ipis

trelle

N

O

8

Pip

istre

llus

mim

us

Indi

an P

igm

y P

ipis

trelle

N

O

9

Prim

ates

C

erco

pith

ecid

ae

Mac

aca

assa

men

sis

Ass

ames

e M

acaq

ue

Ash

ami B

anor

D

D

VU

10

Mac

aca

mul

atta

R

hesu

s M

acaq

ue

Ban

or

VU

LR

1l

C

arni

vora

C

anid

ae

Can

is a

ureu

s Ja

ckal

Pa

ti S

hial

VU

12

Vu

lpes

ben

gale

nsis

B

enga

l Fox

K

hek

Shi

al

VU

DD

13

Fe

lidae

Fe

lis c

haus

Ju

ngle

Cat

Ba

n B

iral

EN

II 14

P

riona

iluru

s vi

verr

inus

Fi

shin

g C

at

Mec

ho B

iral

EN

LR

II 15

H

erpe

stid

ae

Her

pest

es a

urop

unct

atus

S

mal

l Ind

ian

Mon

goos

e B

enji

NO

16

H

erpe

stes

edw

ards

i C

omm

on M

ongo

ose

Bara

Ben

ji VU

17

M

uste

lidae

Lu

tra lu

tra

C

omm

on O

tter

Ud

CR

18

Viv

errid

ae

Par

adox

urus

her

map

hrod

itvs

Com

mon

Pal

m a

Vet

Ga

ndhc

Gltl

kuJ

VU

19

Vmuo~~

tal

i= ~2

I

G e

20

h-

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--=

~ --~-

---Q

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(JOSleJ leqol) NJnI

(JOSleJ OOOzz z z Z LJJ LJJlIspelSueg NJnI

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E E cIII z 0g 2 00 ro Ol v jij c

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20 I

Refere

Brandis D 1906lndian Trees Periodical Experts Book agency Delhi 767 pp

FAO 1988 Land Resources Approsal of Bangladesh for Agricultural Development Agroecolo(( I Regions ofBangladesh BGD81035 Technical Report 2570 pp

Heining RL 1925 Lists ofplants ofChittagong Collectorate and Hill Tracts Darjeeling India 84 pp

Nishat A Huq SMlmamul Barua Suvashis P Reza Ali AHM Khan Moniruzzaman A5 (eds)

2002 Bio-ecological Zones ofBangladeshIUCN Bangladesh Country Office 141 pp

Prain D 1903 Bengal plants Vol 1 amp2 Calcutta

1 I

  • cover amp back
  • Untitled
Page 11: Biodiversity of...Biodiversity of Rajeshpur Sal Forest, Comilla II I -Junaid K Choudhury Shekhar R Biswas M.Sazedullslam Oliur Rahman Sardar l\Iasir Uddin IUCN -The Wrold Conservation

Tabl

e 3

Bird

s o

f Raj

eshp

ur s

tudy

are

a l~

SL

Ord

er

Fam

ily

Sci

entif

ic N

ame

Eng

lish

Nam

e Lo

cal N

ame

~

III

III

No

C

5

C

iU

c-

g

III

C

gt-

0gt

-~

v -- C

-

II

I a

lO

1)

0

V

C

zg

zO

l

V

middotiii

wu

u~ ~

)

)

cIII

_u

_

u

U

1

Pic

iform

es

Pic

idae

C

eeu

s br

ochy

urus

R

ufou

s W

oodp

ecke

r La

lche

y K

atht

hokr

a R

N

O

2

Den

droc

opos

mac

ei

Fulv

ous-

bres

ted

Woo

dpec

ker

Pakr

a K

atht

hokr

a R

N

O

3

Den

droc

opo

sm

ahre

ttens

is

Yel

low

-fron

ted

Pie

d W

oodp

ecke

r Pa

kra

Kat

htho

kra

R

DO

4

ly

nx to

rqui

lla

Eur

asia

n W

ryne

ck

Met

ho K

atht

hokr

a M

5

D

inop

ium

java

nens

e C

omm

on F

lam

ebac

k R

N

O

6

Din

opiu

m b

engh

aen

se

Bla

ck-r

umpe

d Fl

ameb

ack

Kat

hokr

a R

N

O

7

Meg

alai

mid

ae

Meg

aai

ma

haem

acep

hala

C

oppe

rsm

ith B

arbe

t C

hoto

Bas

anta

Bau

ri R

N

O

8

Meg

aai

ma

inea

te

Line

ated

Bar

bet

Gur

khod

Beg

hbou

R

N

O

9

Upu

pifo

rmes

U

pupi

dae

Upu

pa e

pops

C

omm

on H

oopo

e H

udhu

d5

0lai

man

Pak

hi

R

NO

10

Cor

aciif

orm

es

Cor

aciid

ae

Cor

acia

s be

ngha

ens

is

Indi

an R

olle

r N

ilkan

tha

R

NO

11

Alc

edin

idae

A

lced

o at

this

C

omm

on K

ingf

ishe

r C

hoto

Maa

chra

nga

R

NO

12

H

alcy

on s

myr

nens

is

Whi

teth

roat

ed K

ingf

ishe

r M

aach

rang

a R

N

O

13

Meg

acer

ye

ugu

bris

P

ied

Kin

gfis

her

R

DO

14

M

erop

idae

M

erop

s or

ient

alis

G

reen

Bee

eate

r S

uich

ora

Ban

spat

i R

N

O

15

Cuc

ulifo

rmes

C

ucul

idae

C

acom

antis

mer

ulin

us

Plai

ntiv

e cu

ckoo

C

hata

kiS

orgo

m

R

NO

16

Cuc

uus

sat

urat

us

Orie

ntal

Cuc

koo

M

17

Cen

trip

odid

ae

Cen

tropu

s si

nens

is

Gre

ater

Cou

cal

Kan

akua

Cou

cal

R

NO

18

Ca

mat

or ja

cobi

nus

Pie

d C

ucko

o P

apiy

a R

N

O

19

Cuc

uus

mic

ropt

erus

lndi

an

Cuc

koo

Bou

-Kat

ha-K

ao P

akhi

R

N

O

20

Eud

ynam

ys sc

pa

cea

Asi

an C

ucko

o K

okil

Ku

kil

R

NO

2l

H

iero

cocc

yx v

ariu

s C

omm

on H

awk

Cuc

koo

Cho

khg

elo

Pakh

i R

N

O

22

Phae

nico

phae

us tr

istis

G

reen

-bill

ed M

alko

ha

Sab

uj K

okil

R

NO

23

Apo

difo

rmes

A

podi

dae

Cyp

siur

us b

aa

siens

is

Asi

an P

alm

Sw

ift

Nak

kati

R

NO

24

Stri

gifo

rmes

T

yton

idae

Ty

toa

ba

Bar

n O

wl

Laxm

i Pen

cha

R

NO

Tab

le c

ontin

ued

SL

Ord

er

Fam

ily

Sci

entif

ic N

ame

Eng

lish

Nam

e Lo

cal N

ame

~

No

II

I II

I

C

5

C

0

1 ]

III

~

cgt

shy~

vC

0

gt-

V

III

alO

i3

0

C

zOl

zO

l

V

middotiii

Wu~ u~

~II

I

)

)

c

_

u

_u

U

25

Stri

gida

e A

then

e br

oma

Spo

tted

Ow

let

Khu

rule

y Pe

ncha

R

N

O

26

Bub

o be

nga

ensi

s R

ock

Eag

le O

wl

Hut

um P

ench

a R

N

O

27

Ket

upa

zey

onen

sis

Bro

wn

Fish

Ow

l B

hutu

m P

ench

a R

VU

28

N

inox

scu

tua

ta

Bro

wn

Haw

k O

wl

Kup

okh

R

NO

29

Cap

rimul

gida

e C

aprim

ugu

s m

acru

rus

Larg

e-ta

iled

Nig

ht ja

r R

atch

ara

R

NO

30

Col

umbi

form

es C

olum

bida

e C

olum

ba i

via

Roc

k P

igeo

n J

alal

i Kab

utor

R

N

O

31

Duc

ua

aene

a G

reen

Im

peria

l Pig

eon

Dhu

mko

l R

D

O32

S

trept

ope

ia c

hin

ensis

S

potte

d D

ove

Tila

Ghu

ghu

R

NO

33

Stre

ptop

eia

dec

aoct

a E

uras

ian

Col

lare

d D

ove

Raj G

hugh

uD

hoba

l R

N

O

Ghu

ghu

34

Stre

ptop

eia

tran

queb

aric

a R

ed C

olla

red

Dov

e La

l Ghu

ghu

Jon

gla

R

NO

G

hugh

u35

Tr

eron

api

caud

a Pi

n-ta

iled

Gre

en P

igeo

n H

oria

lH

orik

ol

R

CR36

T

rero

n bi

cinc

ta

Ora

nge-

brea

sted

Gre

en P

igeo

n H

oria

lH

orik

ol

R

NO

37

Trer

on p

hoen

icop

tera

Y

ello

w-f

oote

d G

reen

Pig

eon

Hor

iallB

otko

l R

N

O38

Tr

eron

pom

pado

ra

Pom

pado

ur G

reen

Pig

eon

Cho

to H

oria

l R

N

O

39

Stre

ptop

elia

orie

ntal

is

Orie

ntal

Tur

tle D

ove

Ghu

ghu

M39

S

trept

ope

ia o

rient

ais

O

rient

al T

urtle

Dov

e G

hugh

u M

40

Gru

iform

es

Ral

lidae

A

mau

rorn

is p

hoen

icur

us

Whi

te-b

reas

ted

Wat

erhe

n D

ahuk

R

N

O

41

Cic

oniif

orm

es

Jaca

nida

e B

ronz

e-w

ing

ed Jlt

can

a R

o

42

Cha

radr

iidae

R

ed-I

middotta tt1~

Lap

(

o lt

=

43

Acc

ipltr

idae

44

~

-r

-$

-

_

~__~

-

bull _

45

~2--

--

c

46

~-~

~

Ju

l~

cSL

O

rder

Fa

mily

S

cien

tific

Nam

e E

nglis

h N

ame

Loca

l Nam

e II

I el

lel

lN

o

1l

3

III

i6

1l

c

ell

cc

gt

c ~~

II

I

el

l co

0

J

0 V

I

1l

Z

o-

Zo

-V

I w

v

v

el

l J

ill

cc

-v

2a

u

47

Milv

us m

igra

ns

Bla

ck K

ite

Bhu

bon

Chi

l R

N

O

48

Circ

us c

yane

us

Hen

Har

rier

M

49

Pan

dion

ha

iaet

us

Osp

rey

Mec

ho B

aaj

M

50

Falc

onid

ae

Falc

o ch

icqu

era

Red

-nec

ked

Falc

on

Tur

mut

i R

D

D

LR

51

Falc

o tin

nunc

ulus

C

omm

on K

estre

l M

52

P

hala

croc

orac

idae

P

hala

croc

orax

nig

er

Littl

e C

orm

oran

t P

aan-

kow

ri R

N

O

53

Ard

eida

e A

rdeo

la g

rayi

i Ind

ian

Pon

d H

eron

K

ani B

okK

ana

Bok

R

N

O

54

Bub

ulcu

s ib

is

Cat

tle E

gret

G

o-bo

k R

N

O

55

But

orid

es s

triat

us

Littl

e E

gret

C

hoto

Bok

R

N

O

56

Dup

etor

fav

icol

is

Bla

ck B

itter

n K

alo

Bok

R

D

D

57

Ixob

rych

us m

inut

us

Littl

e B

itter

n K

hude

y B

ok

R

DD

58

Ixob

rych

us s

inen

sis

Yel

low

Bitt

ern

Hol

dey

Bok

R

N

O

59

Mes

opho

yx in

term

edia

In

term

edia

te E

gret

M

aijla

Bok

R

N

O

60

Nyc

ticor

ax n

ictic

orax

B

lack

-cro

wne

d N

ight

Her

on

Waa

klN

ishi

Bok

R

N

O

61

Sco

lopa

cida

e A

ctiti

s hy

pole

ucos

C

omm

on S

andp

iper

M

62

Gal

inag

o ga

lina

go

Fant

ail S

nipe

K

ada-

khoc

ha

M

63

Gal

linag

o st

enur

a P

inta

il S

nipe

K

ada-

khoc

ha

M

64

P

asse

rifor

mes

Lan

iidae

La

nius

sch

ach

Long

-tai

led

Shr

ike

Bag

haT

iki

R

NO

65

Lani

us c

rista

tus

Bro

wn

Shr

ike

Bad

ami K

osha

i Pak

hi

M

66

Lani

us te

phro

notu

s G

reyb

acke

d S

hrik

e K

osha

i Pak

hi

M

67

Cor

vida

e C

orvu

s m

acro

rhyn

chos

Ju

ngle

Cro

w

Dan

r Ka

k R

N

O

68

Cor

vus

sple

nden

s H

ouse

Cro

w

Pat

i Kak

lKau

a R

N

O

69

Den

droc

itta

vaga

bund

a R

ufus

Tre

epie

H

anric

hach

aK

utum

R

N

O

70

Aeg

ithin

a tip

hia

Com

mon

lora

T

owfik

Fat

ikja

l R

N

O

71

Orio

lus

xant

hom

us

Bla

ck-h

eade

d O

riole

H

olde

y P

akhi

R

N

O

72

Dic

ruru

s ae

neus

B

ronz

ed D

rong

o C

hoto

Fin

gey

R

NO

Tab

le c

on

tin

ue

d

SL

Ord

er

Fam

ily

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entif

ic N

ame

Eng

lish

Nam

e Lo

cal N

ame

c

III

No

el

l el

l 1

l

3

II

I i6

1

lc

el

l c

--c~ ~~

C

II

I 0

ell

J

0 V

IC

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1l

Z

o-

VI

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l w

v

v

J

III

J II

Icc

el

l -v

-v

U

73

Dic

urur

s m

acro

cerc

us

Bla

ck D

rong

o F

inge

y R

N

O

74

Arta

mus

fusc

us

Ash

y W

oods

wal

low

La

tora

R

N

O

75

Cor

acin

a m

acei

La

rge

Cuc

koos

hrik

e G

udhu

ka

R

NO

76

P

eric

roco

tus

cinn

amom

eus

Sm

all M

iniv

et

S~t

Sai

li R

N

O

77

Teph

rodo

rnis

pon

dice

rianu

s C

omm

on W

oods

hrik

e R

N

O

78

Rhi

pidu

ra a

lbic

olis

W

hite

-thr

oate

d Fa

ntai

l Le

jnac

hani

R

N

O

79

Mus

cica

pida

e C

opsy

chus

sau

laris

O

rient

al M

agpi

e R

obin

D

oelD

oina

chan

i R

N

O

80

Cul

icic

apa

ceyl

onen

sis

Gre

y-he

aded

Can

ary

Fly

catc

her

Fut

futi

R

NO

81

S

axic

olac

apra

ta

Pie

d B

usnc

hat

R

NO

82

C

haim

arro

rnis

leuc

ocep

halu

s W

hite

-cap

ped

Wat

er R

edst

art

M

83

Cyo

rnis

tick

ellia

e T

icke

lls B

lue

Fly

catc

her

M

84

Eum

yias

thal

assi

fa

Ver

dite

r F

lyca

tche

r M

85

Fi

cedu

la p

arva

R

ed-t

hroa

ted

Fly

catc

her

Lalb

ook

Cho

tok

M

86

Lusc

inia

cal

iope

S

iber

ian

Rub

yThr

oat

M

87

Lusc

inia

sve

cica

B

luet

hroa

t M

88

M

ontic

ola

solit

ariu

s B

lock

Roc

k Th

rush

M

89

S

axic

ola

torq

uata

C

omm

on S

tone

chat

M

90

Tu

rdus

uni

colo

r T

icke

lls T

hrus

h M

91

Zo

othe

ra c

itrin

e O

rang

e-he

aded

Thr

ush

M

92

Stu

rnid

ae

Acr

idot

here

s ci

nere

us

Whi

te-v

ente

d M

yna

R

DD

93

A

crid

othe

res

fusc

us

Jung

le M

yna

Jhut

i Sha

lik

R

NO

94

A

crid

othe

res

trist

is

Com

mon

Myn

a B

hat S

halik

R

N

O

95

Stu

rnus

con

tra

Asi

an P

ied

Sta~

ling

G

obre

y S

halik

Gu

Shal

ik

R

~O

96

Stu

rnus

mal

abar

icus

C

hest

nut-

taile

d S

tarli

ng

Kat

h S

halik

R

97

Hiru

ndin

idae

H

irund

o da

uric

a R

ed-r

umpe

d S

wal

low

A

babi

l 98

H

irund

o ru

stic

a B

arn

Sw

allo

w

Aba

bil

99

Par

idae

Pa

rus

maj

or

Gre

atT

it

J~

- z=

~ -

--

~_

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SL

Ord

er

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ily

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entif

ic N

ame

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lish

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e Lo

cal N

ame

r

II

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CI

I CI

I t

l

3

tl

C

c

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0

gt-

r

cgt

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I v a

l 0

cI

0 t

l Z

Cl

ZC

l V

I ii

i v~ v~

UJ

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I

a

-v

-v

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100

P

ycno

notu

s ar

ticep

s B

lack

-hea

ded

Bul

bul

Kal

o B

ulbu

l R

N

O

101

P

ycno

notid

ae

Pyc

nono

tus

cafe

r R

ed-v

ente

d B

ulbu

B

ulbu

li R

N

O

102

P

ycno

notu

sjoc

osus

R

ed-w

hisk

ered

Bul

bul

Sip

ahi B

ulbu

li R

N

O

103

Z

oste

ropi

dae

Zost

erop

s pa

lpeb

rosu

s O

rient

al W

hite

-eye

S

het-

ankh

i R

N

O

104

S

ylvi

idae

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lcip

pe p

Oio

icep

hala

B

row

n-ch

eeke

d Fu

lvet

ta

R

NO

lO

S

Dum

etia

hyp

eryt

hra

Taw

ny-b

ellie

d B

abbl

er

R

DD

10

6

Mal

acoc

incl

a ab

botti

A

bbot

s B

abbl

er

R

NO

10

7

Meg

auru

s pa

lust

ris

Stri

ated

Gra

ssbi

rd

R

DD

10

8

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hoto

mus

sut

oriu

s C

omm

on T

ailo

rbird

T

untu

nilT

uni

R

NO

10

9

Turd

oide

s ca

udat

us

Com

mon

Bab

bler

R

D

D

110

Tu

rdoi

des

earle

i S

triat

ed B

abbl

er

R

NO

11

1

Acr

ocep

halu

s du

met

orum

B

lyth

s R

eed

War

bler

M

11

2

Bra

dypt

erus

lute

oven

tris

Bro

wn

Bush

War

bler

M

lB

H

ippo

lais

cal

igat

a B

oote

d W

arbl

er

M

114

P

hyllo

scop

us a

ffini

s T

icke

lls L

eaf W

arbl

er

M

115

A

laud

idae

A

laud

a gu

lgul

a O

rient

al S

kyla

rk

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rat P

akhi

R

N

O

116

M

irafr

a as

sam

ica

Rufo

us-w

inge

d B

ushl

ark

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rat P

akhi

R

N

O

117

N

ecta

riniid

ae

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tarin

ia a

siat

ica

Pur

ple

Sun

bird

N

iltu

nilM

adhu

ch u

sh ki

R

N

O

118

N

ecta

rinia

zey

loni

ca

Pur

ple-

rum

ped

Sun

bird

M

outu

shi

R

NO

11

9

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aeum

ery

thro

rhyn

chos

P

ale-

bille

d F

low

erpe

cker

F

uljh

uri

R

NO

12

0

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erid

ae

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hura

mal

abar

ica

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an S

ilver

bill

R

NO

12

1

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hura

pun

ctul

ata

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ly-b

reas

ted

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ia

Tila

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ia

R

NO

12

2

Pass

er d

omes

ticus

H

ouse

Spa

rrow

C

haru

i R

N

O

123

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oce

us p

hilip

pinu

s B

ayaW

eave

r B

abui

Bao

i R

N

O

124

M

otac

illa

mad

eras

pate

nsis

W

hite

-bro

wed

Wag

tail

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a K

honj

an

R

NO

12

5

Ant

hus

hodg

soni

i O

live-

back

ed P

ipit

M

126

A

nthu

s ru

fulu

s P

addy

field

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it M

12

7

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acill

a al

ba

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te W

agta

il M

12

8

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acill

a ci

nere

a G

rey

Wag

tail

Kho

njan

M

Tab

le 4

Mam

mal

s o

f Raj

eshp

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tud

y ar

ea

SL

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er

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ily

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entif

ic N

ame

Eng

lish

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e Lo

cal N

ame

r

No

I

I CI

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l 3

t

liO

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v a

lO

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zg

V

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ctiv

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icid

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cus

mur

inus

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rey

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k S

hrew

C

hika

N

O

2

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ropt

era

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ropo

dida

e P

tero

pus

giga

nteu

s Fl

ying

Fox

B

adur

N

O

3

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settu

sle

sche

naul

ti Fu

lvou

s F

ruit

Bat

Ko

la B

adur

D

D

4

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ader

mat

idae

M

egad

erm

a ly

ra

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pier

D

aini

Bad

ur

NO

5

V

espe

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onid

ae

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esic

us p

achy

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ick-

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d B

at

DD

6

H

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ropt

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tick

elli

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kells

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D

D

7

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istre

llus

coro

man

dra

Indi

an P

ipis

trelle

N

O

8

Pip

istre

llus

mim

us

Indi

an P

igm

y P

ipis

trelle

N

O

9

Prim

ates

C

erco

pith

ecid

ae

Mac

aca

assa

men

sis

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ames

e M

acaq

ue

Ash

ami B

anor

D

D

VU

10

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aca

mul

atta

R

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acaq

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or

VU

LR

1l

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arni

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ureu

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ckal

Pa

ti S

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VU

12

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lpes

ben

gale

nsis

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l Fox

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al

VU

DD

13

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lis c

haus

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ngle

Cat

Ba

n B

iral

EN

II 14

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urop

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Brandis D 1906lndian Trees Periodical Experts Book agency Delhi 767 pp

FAO 1988 Land Resources Approsal of Bangladesh for Agricultural Development Agroecolo(( I Regions ofBangladesh BGD81035 Technical Report 2570 pp

Heining RL 1925 Lists ofplants ofChittagong Collectorate and Hill Tracts Darjeeling India 84 pp

Nishat A Huq SMlmamul Barua Suvashis P Reza Ali AHM Khan Moniruzzaman A5 (eds)

2002 Bio-ecological Zones ofBangladeshIUCN Bangladesh Country Office 141 pp

Prain D 1903 Bengal plants Vol 1 amp2 Calcutta

1 I

  • cover amp back
  • Untitled
Page 12: Biodiversity of...Biodiversity of Rajeshpur Sal Forest, Comilla II I -Junaid K Choudhury Shekhar R Biswas M.Sazedullslam Oliur Rahman Sardar l\Iasir Uddin IUCN -The Wrold Conservation

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Fa

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S

cien

tific

Nam

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Loca

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III

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o-

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cc

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47

Milv

us m

igra

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Bla

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ite

Bhu

bon

Chi

l R

N

O

48

Circ

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yane

us

Hen

Har

rier

M

49

Pan

dion

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iaet

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Osp

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Mec

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M

50

Falc

onid

ae

Falc

o ch

icqu

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Red

-nec

ked

Falc

on

Tur

mut

i R

D

D

LR

51

Falc

o tin

nunc

ulus

C

omm

on K

estre

l M

52

P

hala

croc

orac

idae

P

hala

croc

orax

nig

er

Littl

e C

orm

oran

t P

aan-

kow

ri R

N

O

53

Ard

eida

e A

rdeo

la g

rayi

i Ind

ian

Pon

d H

eron

K

ani B

okK

ana

Bok

R

N

O

54

Bub

ulcu

s ib

is

Cat

tle E

gret

G

o-bo

k R

N

O

55

But

orid

es s

triat

us

Littl

e E

gret

C

hoto

Bok

R

N

O

56

Dup

etor

fav

icol

is

Bla

ck B

itter

n K

alo

Bok

R

D

D

57

Ixob

rych

us m

inut

us

Littl

e B

itter

n K

hude

y B

ok

R

DD

58

Ixob

rych

us s

inen

sis

Yel

low

Bitt

ern

Hol

dey

Bok

R

N

O

59

Mes

opho

yx in

term

edia

In

term

edia

te E

gret

M

aijla

Bok

R

N

O

60

Nyc

ticor

ax n

ictic

orax

B

lack

-cro

wne

d N

ight

Her

on

Waa

klN

ishi

Bok

R

N

O

61

Sco

lopa

cida

e A

ctiti

s hy

pole

ucos

C

omm

on S

andp

iper

M

62

Gal

inag

o ga

lina

go

Fant

ail S

nipe

K

ada-

khoc

ha

M

63

Gal

linag

o st

enur

a P

inta

il S

nipe

K

ada-

khoc

ha

M

64

P

asse

rifor

mes

Lan

iidae

La

nius

sch

ach

Long

-tai

led

Shr

ike

Bag

haT

iki

R

NO

65

Lani

us c

rista

tus

Bro

wn

Shr

ike

Bad

ami K

osha

i Pak

hi

M

66

Lani

us te

phro

notu

s G

reyb

acke

d S

hrik

e K

osha

i Pak

hi

M

67

Cor

vida

e C

orvu

s m

acro

rhyn

chos

Ju

ngle

Cro

w

Dan

r Ka

k R

N

O

68

Cor

vus

sple

nden

s H

ouse

Cro

w

Pat

i Kak

lKau

a R

N

O

69

Den

droc

itta

vaga

bund

a R

ufus

Tre

epie

H

anric

hach

aK

utum

R

N

O

70

Aeg

ithin

a tip

hia

Com

mon

lora

T

owfik

Fat

ikja

l R

N

O

71

Orio

lus

xant

hom

us

Bla

ck-h

eade

d O

riole

H

olde

y P

akhi

R

N

O

72

Dic

ruru

s ae

neus

B

ronz

ed D

rong

o C

hoto

Fin

gey

R

NO

Tab

le c

on

tin

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d

SL

Ord

er

Fam

ily

Sci

entif

ic N

ame

Eng

lish

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e Lo

cal N

ame

c

III

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el

l el

l 1

l

3

II

I i6

1

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el

l c

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II

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ell

J

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v

v

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U

73

Dic

urur

s m

acro

cerc

us

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ck D

rong

o F

inge

y R

N

O

74

Arta

mus

fusc

us

Ash

y W

oods

wal

low

La

tora

R

N

O

75

Cor

acin

a m

acei

La

rge

Cuc

koos

hrik

e G

udhu

ka

R

NO

76

P

eric

roco

tus

cinn

amom

eus

Sm

all M

iniv

et

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Sai

li R

N

O

77

Teph

rodo

rnis

pon

dice

rianu

s C

omm

on W

oods

hrik

e R

N

O

78

Rhi

pidu

ra a

lbic

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Brandis D 1906lndian Trees Periodical Experts Book agency Delhi 767 pp

FAO 1988 Land Resources Approsal of Bangladesh for Agricultural Development Agroecolo(( I Regions ofBangladesh BGD81035 Technical Report 2570 pp

Heining RL 1925 Lists ofplants ofChittagong Collectorate and Hill Tracts Darjeeling India 84 pp

Nishat A Huq SMlmamul Barua Suvashis P Reza Ali AHM Khan Moniruzzaman A5 (eds)

2002 Bio-ecological Zones ofBangladeshIUCN Bangladesh Country Office 141 pp

Prain D 1903 Bengal plants Vol 1 amp2 Calcutta

1 I

  • cover amp back
  • Untitled
Page 13: Biodiversity of...Biodiversity of Rajeshpur Sal Forest, Comilla II I -Junaid K Choudhury Shekhar R Biswas M.Sazedullslam Oliur Rahman Sardar l\Iasir Uddin IUCN -The Wrold Conservation

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20 I

Refere

Brandis D 1906lndian Trees Periodical Experts Book agency Delhi 767 pp

FAO 1988 Land Resources Approsal of Bangladesh for Agricultural Development Agroecolo(( I Regions ofBangladesh BGD81035 Technical Report 2570 pp

Heining RL 1925 Lists ofplants ofChittagong Collectorate and Hill Tracts Darjeeling India 84 pp

Nishat A Huq SMlmamul Barua Suvashis P Reza Ali AHM Khan Moniruzzaman A5 (eds)

2002 Bio-ecological Zones ofBangladeshIUCN Bangladesh Country Office 141 pp

Prain D 1903 Bengal plants Vol 1 amp2 Calcutta

1 I

  • cover amp back
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Page 14: Biodiversity of...Biodiversity of Rajeshpur Sal Forest, Comilla II I -Junaid K Choudhury Shekhar R Biswas M.Sazedullslam Oliur Rahman Sardar l\Iasir Uddin IUCN -The Wrold Conservation

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Refere

Brandis D 1906lndian Trees Periodical Experts Book agency Delhi 767 pp

FAO 1988 Land Resources Approsal of Bangladesh for Agricultural Development Agroecolo(( I Regions ofBangladesh BGD81035 Technical Report 2570 pp

Heining RL 1925 Lists ofplants ofChittagong Collectorate and Hill Tracts Darjeeling India 84 pp

Nishat A Huq SMlmamul Barua Suvashis P Reza Ali AHM Khan Moniruzzaman A5 (eds)

2002 Bio-ecological Zones ofBangladeshIUCN Bangladesh Country Office 141 pp

Prain D 1903 Bengal plants Vol 1 amp2 Calcutta

1 I

  • cover amp back
  • Untitled

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