Doporučení EK pro členské státy

7/31/2019 Doporuen EK pro lensk stty

1/36

K[VARKHJ NAOO@^^@AJ

Fv{~~kd~$ ]]]

S_-6286) ]]] lvhg|

NAOO@^^@AJ ^\HGG UAVC@JE LAN[OKJ\

H~~k~~okj| ag |mk 6286 jh|àjhd vkgavo rvaevhook hjl ~|hf`d`|p rvaevhook gav |mk

NYKNM VKR[FD@N

Hnnaorhjp`je |mk lan{okj|

Vknaookjlh|àj gav h

NA[JN@D VKNAOOKJLH\@AJ

aj Nyknm Vkr{fd`n%~ 6286 jh|àjhd vkgavo rvaevhook hjl lkd`wkv`je h Na{jn`d ar`jàj

aj |mk Nyknm Vkr{fd`n%~ {rlh|kl najwkvekjnk rvaevhook 6286/628;

KJ KJ


2/36

NAJ\KJ\^

K}kn{|`wk ~{oohvp**************************************************************************************************************************>

8* @j|val{n|àj***********************************************************************************************************************************6* G`jhjn`hd ~kn|av*******************************************************************************************************************8;

>*>* Dhfa{v ohvck|$ kl{nh|àj hjl ~an`hd rad`n`k~********************************************************************8;

>**;* Oalkvj`~h|àj ag r{fd`n hlo`j`~|vh|àj ****************************************************************************68

;* Hjjk}*****************************************************************************************************************************************67

6


3/36

K]KN[\@WK^[OOHVP

Vkhd ELR evau|m `~ k}rkn|kl |a ~|hejh|k `j |mk Nyknm Vkr{fd`n `j 6286$ um`dk `| ~ma{dl r`nc {r

|a 8*; + `j 628>* \mk {jkordapokj| vh|k ~|hv|kl |a lknd`jk h| |mk fke`jj`je ag 6282 gvao h

dkwkd nda~k |a = + |a kjl aj 7*5 + `j |mk ga{v|m x{hv|kv ag 6288* @| `~ k}rkn|kl |a v`~k |a 5*6+ `j

6286*\mk Nyknm Vkr{fd`n mh~ `j|val{nkl h ~k| ag okh~{vk~ |a ~|vkje|mkj |mk ~{~|h`jhf`d`|p ag |mk

rkj~àj ~p~|ko$ vkgavo |mk |h} ~p~|ko$ òrvawk |mk rkvgavohjnk ag |mk r{fd`n kordapokj|

~kvw`nk hjl `jnvkh~k |mk |vhj~rhvkjnp hjl kgg`n`kjnp ag r{fd`n rvan{vkokj|*

Maukwkv$ `j h naj|k}| ag `jnvkh~kl naork|`|àj gvao kokve`je knajao`k~ hjl |mk ~|khl`dp

lknvkh~`je `jgdau~ ag jku kx{`|p nhr`|hd$ |mk ckp nmhddkjek gav |mk Nyknm knajaop `~ |a ~{rrav|

knajao`n vknawkvp hjl daje/|kvo evau|m fp òrvaw`je |mk x{hd`|p ag g`~nhd hli{~|okj|$

vkl{n`je `jkgg`n`kjn`k~ hjl dhnc ag ~|hf`d`|p `j |mk r{fd`n hlo`j`~|vh|àj$ ohc`je fk||kv {~k ag

|mk ra|kj|`hd `j |mk dhfa{v ohvck|$ k~rkn`hddp gav uaokj u`|m nm`dlvkj$ hjl fk||kv oaf`d`~`je

ghn|av~ ghn`d`|h|`je |mk |vhj~`|àj |a evau|m fh~kl aj `jjawh|àj$ mèmkv whd{k hllkl hjl m{ohj

nhr`|hd* \mk evau|m ag `jjawh|`wk kj|kvrv`~k~ `~ hd~a naj~|vh`jkl fp `jhlkx{h|k d`jc~ fk|ukkj

|mk ~n`kjnk fh~k hjl |mk f{~`jk~~ ~kn|av hjl fp `jkgg`n`kjn`k~ `j r{fd`n g{jl`je ag vk~khvnm*@jkgg`n`kjn`k~ hjl dhnc ag ~|hf`d`|p ag |mk r{fd`n hlo`j`~|vh|àj la ja| nvkh|k h ~{rrav|`wk

kjw`vajokj| gav daje/|kvo evau|m* G{v|mkvoavk$ lk~r`|k |mk vkdh|`wkdp dau lkf|/|a/ELR vh|à$

hjl |mk vknkj| vkgavo~$ r{fd`n g`jhjnk~ hvk ja| pk| aj h ~{~|h`jhfdk rh|m*

>


4/36

8* @J\VAL[N\@AJ

@j I{jk 6288 |mk Naoo`~~àj rvara~kl ~`} na{j|vp ~rkn`g`n vknaookjlh|àj~ gav knajao`n hjl

~|v{n|{vhd vkgavo rad`n`k~ gav |mk Nyknm Vkr{fd`n*@j I{dp 6288 |mk Na{jn`d ag |mk K{varkhj

[jàj hlar|kl |mk~k vknaookjlh|àj~ um`nm najnkvjkl r{fd`n g`jhjnk~$ |mk |h}h|àj ~p~|ko$

|mk rkj~àj ~p~|ko$ |mk dhfa{v ohvck|$ |mk f{~`jk~~ kjw`vajokj| hjl kl{nh|àj* @j Jawkofkv6288 |mk Naoo`~~àj r{fd`~mkl `|~ Hjj{hd Evau|m ^{vwkp gav 6286 `j um`nm `| ~k| a{| `|~

rvara~hd~ gav f{`dl`je |mk jknk~~hvp naooaj {jlkv~|hjl`je hfa{| |mk rvàv`|`k~ gav hn|àj h|

jh|àjhd hjl K[ dkwkd `j 6286*

Heh`j~| |m`~ fhnceva{jl$ |mk Nyknm Vkr{fd`n rvk~kj|kl `|~ jh|àjhd vkgavo rvaevhook hjl

najwkvekjnk rvaevhook `j Hrv`d 6286* \mk~k rvaevhook~ e`wk lk|h`d~ ag |mk rvaevk~~ ohlk fp

|mk Nyknm Vkr{fd`n ~`jnk I{dp 6288 hjl ag `|~ g{|{vk rdhj~* \m`~ ^|hgg Uavc`je Lan{okj|

h~~k~~k~ |mk òrdkokj|h|àj ag |mk 6288 na{j|vp/~rkn`g`n vknaookjlh|àj~ hjl ag |mk rvàv`|`k~

~k| `j |mk Hjj{hd Evau|m ^{vwkp gav 6286$ `lkj|`g`k~ n{vvkj| rad`np nmhddkjek~ hjl$ `j |m`~ dèm|$

k}ho`jk~ |mk na{j|vp~ dh|k~| rad`np rdhj~*

\mk rad`np rdhj~ ~{fo`||kl fp |mk Nyknm Vkr{fd`n hvk vkdkwhj|* \mk rad`n`k~ rvk~kj|kl `j |mk

jh|àjhd vkgavo rvaevhook hvk `j|kevh|kl `j h fvahl ~an`hd hjl knajao`n naj|k}|* \m`~òrvawk~ hnnk~~`f`d`|p gav |mk ekjkvhd r{fd`n$ f{| ~aok|òk~ |mk lan{okj| dhnc~ h ndkhv

naoo`|okj| hjl |mk lk|h`d jknk~~hvp `j avlkv |a h~~k~~ g{ddp |mk vkdkwhjnk hjl hof`|àj ag |mk

ckp rad`n`k~* \mk najwkvekjnk rvaevhook najg`vo~ |mk oh`j g`~nhd rad`np afikn|`wk ag |mk

Nyknm h{|mav`|`k~ um`nm `~ `j d`jk u`|m |mk ^|hf`d`|p hjl Evau|m Rhn|* \mk Nyknm Vkr{fd`n mh~

kj~{vkl fvahl namkvkjnk fk|ukkj |mk |ua lan{okj|~*

Awkvhdd h~~k~~okj|

H naorvkmkj~`wk vkgavo ag |mk rkj~àj ~p~|ko mh~ fkkj hlar|kl hjl ~|kr~ mhwk fkkj |hckj |a

kjmhjnk dhfa{v ohvck| rhv|`n`rh|àj ag rhvkj|~ u`|m nm`dlvkj$ òrvawk |mk rkvgavohjnk ag |mk

r{fd n kordapokj| ~kvw`nk hjl òrvawk |mk x{hd`|p hjl |vhj~rhvkjnp ag r{fd`n ~kvw`nk~ hjl

rvan{vkokj|* Ajdp dò`|kl rvaevk~~ mh~ fkkj ohlk aj ordkokj|`je |mk 6288 vknaookjlh|àj

aj kl{nh|àj rad`np$ h~ ja ~{f~|hj|`hd okh~{vk~ mhwk fkkj hlar|kl `j |m`~ hvkh*Nmhddkjek~ `lkj|`g`kl `j I{dp 6288 hjl vk`|kvh|kl `j |mk Hjj{hd Evau|m ^{vwkp 6286 vkoh`j

whd`l* @j |mk ~mav| |kvo$ |mk oh`j nmhddkjek `~ |a c`nc/~|hv| knajao`n vknawkvp fp fk||kv {|`d`~`je

|mk ra|kj|`hd `j |mk dhfa{v ohvck|$ òrvaw`je |mk x{hd`|p ag g`~nhd hli{~|okj|$ hjl kjmhjn`je

hjl ~|hf`d`~`je |mk vke{dh|avp gvhokuavc hjl r{fd`n hlo`j`~|vh|àj* Mèmkv x{hd`|p hjl

kgg`n`kjnp `j |mk kl{nh|àj hjl vk~khvnm ~p~|ko ua{dl mkdr f{||vk~~ `jjawh|àj hjl m{ohj

nhr`|hd$ òrvaw`je |mk okl`{o/ hjl daje/|kvo evau|m rva~rkn|~* *

6* KNAJAO@NLKWKDAROKJ\ HJLNMHDDKJEK^

6*8* Vknkj| knajao`n lkwkdarokj|~ hjl a{|daac

Vknkj| knajao`n lkwkdarokj|~

\mk Nyknm knajaop kokvekl gvao |mk edafhd g`jhjn`hd nv`~`~ `j |mk ~knajl mhdg ag 6220$ mhw`je

~mkl hdoa~| 622$222 iaf~ hjl 7 rkvnkj|hek ra`j|~ ag whd{k hllkl fk|ukkj |mk rvk/nv`~`~ rkhc `j

|mk |m`vl x{hv|kv ag 622= hjl |mk vk|{vj |a evau|m `j |mk ~knajl x{hv|kv ag 6220* \vhlk rdhpkl h

lao`jhj| vadk `j f{||vk~~`je |mk `j`|`hd vknawkvp$ h~ vkhd ELR evau|m r`nckl {r heh`j `j 6282

hjl 6288 f{| h| h rhnk fkdau |mk rvk/nv`~`~ hwkvhek hjl |aa ~dau |a kvh~k |mk da~~k~ ~{ggkvkl

l{v`je |mk knajao`n lauj|{vj* Oavk vknkj|dp$ |mk knajaop mh~ ~|hv|kl |a da~k oaokj|{o ajnk

heh`j* @j 6288 ma{~kmadl naj~{or|àj k}rkjl`|{vk gkdd fp 2*;+ aj |mk fhnc ag |mk naj|`j{`je

naj~ad`lh|àj kggav|~$ hjl heevkeh|k `jwk~|okj| uh~ m`| fp |mk da~~ ag najg`lkjnk vkgdkn|`je |mk

hlwkv~k lkwkdarokj|~ `j |mk k{va hvkh*


5/36

\mk dhfa{v ohvck| vk~raj~k |a |mk vknawkvp nhok u`|m h dhe hjl mh~ vkoh`jkl vh|mkv {jnkv|h`j

~a ghv* \mk {jkordapokj| vh|k ~|hv|kl |a lknd`jk h| |mk fke`jj`je ag 6282 gvao h dkwkd nda~k |a

=+ |a kjl aj 7* hvk k}rkn|kl |a r{~m {r `jgdh|àj |a >*>+ hjl 6*6+ vk~rkn|`wkdp$ um`nm$ `j h ukhckv

dhfa{v ohvck|$ u`dd ukèm aj ma{~kmadl naj~{or|àj* \mk navravh|k ~kn|av vkoh`j~ nh{|à{~

hfa{| {revhl`je rmp~`nhd nhr`|hd hjl `~ f`l`je `|~ |òk {j|`d |mk ~èjhd~ hfa{| |mk k}|kvjhd

kjw`vajokj| fknaok g`vokv* Oavk ra~`|`wk lkwkdarokj|~$ {jlkvr`jjkl fp |mk h~~{or|àj ag h

vk|{vj ag najg`lkjnk$ hvk ja| k}rkn|kl {j|`d |mk kjl ag 6286 hjl 628>*

\mk 6286 najwkvekjnk rvaevhook hjl |mk 6286 jh|àjhd vkgavo rvaevhook ~mhvk |mk ~hokknajao`n a{|daac* ^ò`dhvdp |a |mk Naoo`~~àj ~kvw`nk~% 6286 ^rv`je gavknh~|$ |mk

ohnvaknajao`n ~nkjhvà ~{fo`||kl fp |mk jh|àjhd h{|mav`|`k~ gavknh~|~ jkhv/~|hejh|àj ag ELR

evau|m `j 6286* \mk ohnvaknajao`n ~nkjhvà {jlkvr`jj`je fa|m lan{okj|~ `~ fh~kl aj h dk~~

lpjho`n vkfa{jl ag |mk k}|kvjhd kjw`vajokj|$ um`nm `~ vkgdkn|kl `j |mk ~aokumh| ~daukv rhnk

ag knajao`n vknawkvp `j 628> |mhj rvaikn|kl fp |mk Naoo`~~àj* \mk ohnvaknajao`n ~nkjhvà

lak~ ja| `jnd{lk |mk k~|òh|kl ohnvaknajao`n òrhn| ag ~|v{n|{vhd vkgavo~* @j |mk dèm| ag |mk

h~~k~~okj| ag dkehd naorh|`f`d`|p hjl ag |mk lkevkk ag g{dg`dokj| ag |mk najwkvekjnk nv`|kv`h |mk

6286 Najwkvekjnk Vkrav| r{fd`~mkl fp |mk K{varkhj Naoo`~~àj aj S>2 Ohp 6286_ naj~`lkv~

|mh| |mk Nyknm Vkr{fd`n lak~ ja| g{dg`d |mk najl`|àj~ gav hlar|àj ag |mk k{va*

6*6* Nmhddkjek~

\mk ckp nmhddkjek gav |mk Nyknm knajaop `~ |a oaf`d`~k ghn|av~ ghn`d`|h|`je |mk |vhj~`|àj |a

evau|m fh~kl aj `jjawh|àj$ mèmkv whd{k hllkl hjl m{ohj nhr`|hd fknh{~k arrav|{j`|`k~ gav

g{v|mkv vkhd najwkvekjnk fh~kl aj nhr`|hd/`j|kj~`wk evau|m hvk vh|mkv dò`|kl8* \mk n{vvkj|

oalkd mh~ fkkj ohvckl fp vhr`l hnn{o{dh|àj ag rval{n|àj ghn|av~$ k~rkn`hddp nhr`|hd* \mk

f{`dl/{r ag g`}kl nhr`|hd uh~ ~{rrav|kl fp vaf{~| `jgdau~ ag gavkèj nhr`|hd h||vhn|kl fp nmkhr

f{| vkdh|`wkdp ~c`ddkl dhfa{v hjl |mk rva}ò`|p |a |mk knajao`n navk ag |mk K[* \m`~

naorhvh|`wk hlwhj|hek mh~ fkkj `jnvkh~`jedp {jlkvo`jkl fp naork|`|àj gvao kokve`je

knajao`k~ hjl |mk ~|khl`dp lknvkh~`je `jgdau~ ag jku kx{`|p nhr`|hd ~`jnk |mk fke`jj`je ag |mk

lknhlk*

Ajk k~~kj|`hd `jevkl`kj| ag |mk evau|m oalkd fh~kl aj `jjawh|àj hjl cjaudklek `~ m{ohjnhr`|hd* Maukwkv$ Nyknm ~|{lp rvaevhook~ hvk n{vvkj|dp k}nk~~`wkdp daje hjl {jlkvg{jlkl hjl

hnm`kwk k}nkddkjnk aj hj `j|kvjh|àjhd ~nhdk ajdp `j vkdh|`wkdp vhvk nh~k~* Hllkl |a |m`~$ |mk

daukv dhpkv~ ag |mk Nyknm kl{nh|àj ~p~|ko la ja| g{ddp kx{`r |mk dhfa{v gavnk u`|m |mk

naork|kjn`k~ hjl gdk}`f`d`|p jkklkl |a hlhr| |a |mk nmhje`je najl`|àj~ aj |mk dhfa{v ohvck|*

\mk evau|m ag `jjawh|`wk kj|kvrv`~k~ `~ naj~|vh`jkl hd~a fp `jhlkx{h|k d`jc~ fk|ukkj |mk

~n`kjnk fh~k hjl |mk f{~`jk~~ ~kn|av hjl fp `jkgg`n`kjn`k~ `j r{fd`n g{jl`je ag vk~khvnm*

\mk ~mav|/|kvo nmhddkjek `~ |a c`nc/~|hv| knajao`n vknawkvp* N{vvkj|dp$ |mk Nyknm knajaop `~

arkvh|`je `j h ohjjkv ~mhrkl fp |mk ukhc k}|kvjhd kjw`vajokj| hjl |mk jkkl gav g`~nhd

naj~ad`lh|àj* Lk~r`|k |mk vkdh|`wkdp dau lkf|/|a/ELR vh|à$ r{fd`n g`jhjnk~ hvk {j~{~|h`jhfdk

8 \mk ehr `j ELR rkv nhr`|h fk|ukkj |mk Nyknm Vkr{fd`n hjl |mk K[/65 hwkvhek jhvvaukl gvao 5; + `j 8005 |a

=2+ `j 6282*

;


6/36

l{k |a fa|m rar{dh|àj hek`je6 hjl ~|`dd vkdh|`wkdp mèm ~|v{n|{vhd lkg`n`|~ |mh| ukvk ~|hv|`je |a

hnn{o{dh|k kwkj fkgavk |mk nv`~`~* Um`dk |mk l`vkn| òrhn| ag daukv`je ~|v{n|{vhd lkg`n`|~ aj

evau|m `~ d`ckdp |a fk jkeh|`wk `j |mk ~mav| |kvo$ naj~ad`lh|àj kggav|~ mkdr |a ~{~|h`j ohvck|

najg`lkjnk fknh{~k ~a{jl r{fd`n g`jhjnk~ hvk ajk ag |mk `j~|`|{|àjhd rvkvkx{`~`|k~ gav daje/|kvo

evau|m* @j |m`~ vkehvl$ `| `~ |mkvkgavk òrav|hj| |a nda~kdp oaj`|av |mk òrhn| ag |mk n{vvkj| hjl

g{|{vk vkgavo~ aj |mk ~{~|h`jhf`d`|p hjl hlkx{hnp ag rkj~àj~* H gh~|kv vknawkvp `~ m`jlkvkl fp

~kwkvhd ghn|av~9 \mk ra|kj| hd ag |mk dhfa{v ohvck| `~ {jlkv{|`d`~kl* Rad`np |vhr~$ `j rhv|`n{dhv |mk

`j~{gg`n`kj| rvaw`~àj ag hggavlhfdk nm`dlnhvk ghn`d`|`k~$ rvkwkj| uavckv~ gvao vk|{vj`je

|a iaf~ hg|kv rhvkj|hd dkhwk gh~| kja{em |a vk|h`j |mk ~c`dd~ hjl m{ohj nhr`|hd f{`d| {r

gvao rvkwà{~ `jwk~|okj|~ `j kl{nh|àj* \mk jkeh|`wk dhfa{v/ohvck| òrhn| ag

rhvkj|maal m`|~ uaokj o{nm mhvlkv |mhj okj* G{v|mkvoavk$ |mk ~|h|{~ x{a `~ e`w`je

v`~k |a ekjlkv kordapokj| hjl {jkordapokj| ehr~$ hjl h ~{f~|hj|`hd ekjlkv rhp ehr$

hdd ag um`nm `jnvkh~k uaokj~ g`jhjn`hd lkrkjlkjnk hjl |mk`v v`~c ag rawkv|p `j adl hek*

Oavkawkv$ lkg`n`kjn`k~ rkv~`~| `j |mk r{fd`n kordapokj| ~kvw`nk~*

\mkvk `~ vaao gav òrvaw`je |mk x{hd`|p ag |mk g`~nhd hli{~|okj|* [r {j|`d jau g`~nhd

naj~ad`lh|àj mh~ rhv|dp |hckj |mk gavo ag hnva~~/|mk/fahvl n{|~ um`nm ukvk ja| fh~klaj h ~p~|koh|`n kwhd{h|àj ag rad`n`k~ hjl rvaikn|~ naork|`je gav r{fd`n vk~a{vnk~*

^{~|h`jhfdk g`~nhd naj~ad lh| aj u`dd vkx{`vk nhvkg{d naj~`lkvh| aj ag eawkvjokj|

rvàv`|`k~$ kwkj oavk kormh~`~ aj |mk kgg`n`kjnp ag r{fd`n ~rkjl`je hjl g{v|mkv kggav|~ |a

nvkh|k h oavk evau|m/gv`kjldp |h} ~p~|ko*

Fp `j|kvjh|àjhd ~|hjlhvl~>$ |mk Nyknm Vkr{fd`n lak~ ja| ~navk ghwa{vhfdp aj |mk x{hd`|p

ag `|~ `j~|`|{|àjhd hjl vke{dh|avp gvhokuavc hjl |mk kgg`n`kjnp hjl ~|hf`d`|p ag `|~ r{fd`n

hlo`j`~|vh|àj* \mk x{hd |p ag r{fd n hlo`j`~|vh|àj hjl ag |mk awkvhdd f{~`jk~~

kjw`vajokj| `~ h nv{n hd ghn|av gav kjmhjn`je naork| |`wkjk~~ hjl gav dhp`je ~ad l

ga{jlh|àj~ gav evau|m `j |mk daje |kvo* Hllvk~~`je |mk ukhcjk~~k~ g{ddp `~ h evhl{hdrvank~~$ um`nm na{dl ~rhj h j{ofkv ag pkhv~* Maukwkv$ vhr`l òrdkokj|h|àj ag ckp

vkgavo~ `j |m`~ hvkh na{dl ohck h l`ggkvkjnk hdvkhlp `j |mk ~mav| |a okl`{o |kvo*

>* H^^K^ÔKJ\AGRAD@NPHEKJLH

>*8* G`~nhd rad`np hjl |h}h|àj

F{lek|hvp lkwkdarokj|~ hjl lkf| lpjho`n~

\mk oh`j eahd ag |mk f{lek|hvp ~|vh|kep `j |mk ~mav| |kvo `~ |a fv`je |mk eawkvjokj| lkg`n`|

fkdau |mk >

+ vkgkvkjnk whd{k fp 628>* @j |mk okl`{o |kvo$ |mk Nyknm h{|mav`|`k~ hvknaoo`||kl |a vkhnm`je |mk afikn|`wk ag h fhdhjnkl f{lek| `j 6287 hjl |a naordp`je u`|m |mk

okl`{o/|kvo f{lek|hvp afikn|`wk -O\A)$ `*k* h ~|v{n|{vhd lkg`n`| ag 8+ ag ELR* \mk O\A

hlkx{h|kdp vkgdkn|~ |mk vkx{`vkokj|~ ag |mk ^|hf`d`|p hjl Evau|m Rhn|* Hnnavl`je |a |mk 6286

najwkvekjnk rvaevhook$ |mk okl`{o/|kvo afikn|`wk u`dd fk hnm`kwkl `j 628;*

\mk ekjkvhd eawkvjokj| lkg`n`| vkhnmkl >*8+ ag ELR `j 6288 um`nm uh~ ~èj`g`nhj|dp daukv

|mhj |mk Nyknm h{|mav`|`k~% |hvek| ag +)*

> Gav k}hordk$ `j |mk Uavdl Knajao`n Gav{o~ Edafhd Naork|`|`wkjk~~ Vkrav| |mk Nyknm Vkr{fd`n vhjc~ wkvp

raavdp aj `j~|`|{|àjhd lòkj~àj~9 868~| gav r{fd`n |v{~| `j rad`|`n`hj~$ 826jl gav l`wkv~àj ag r{fd`n g{jl~$88=|m gav |mk f{vlkj ag eawkvjokj| vke{dh|àj$ 826jl gav |mk |vhj~rhvkjnp ag eawkvjokj| lkn`~àj/ohc`je$ 02|m

gav |mk k|m`nhd fkmhwà{v ag g`vo~ hjl =0|m gav rva|kn|àj ag o`jav`|p ~mhvkmadlkv~ `j|kvk~|~*

7


7/36

pkhv/aj/pkhv `j 6288$ `| hn|{hddp lknd`jkl fp 8;+ hnnavl`je |a |mk Hrv`d 6286 g`~nhd

ja|`g`nh|àj* @j hll`|àj$ |mk f{lek|hvp a{|naok `j 6288 uh~ ra~`|`wkdp `jgd{kjnkl fp daukv/

|mhj/k}rkn|kl lkf| ~kvw`n`je na~|~ hjl n{|~ `j `j|kvokl`h|k naj~{or|àj* ^mav|ghdd~ ag hdoa~|

2*;+ ag ELR aj |mk vkwkj{k ~`lk vkgdkn|kl oa~|dp vkwkj{k~ gvao whd{k hllkl |h} hjl l`vkn|

|h}h|àj f{| |mkp ukvk oavk |mhj naorkj~h|kl fp |mk vk|vkjnmokj| ag r{fd`n `jwk~|okj| hjl

eawkvjokj| naj~{or|àj aj |mk k}rkjl`|{vk ~`lk* \mk Nyknm h{|mav`|`k~ naord`kl u`|m |mk

6288 vknaookjlh|àj |a òrdkokj| |mk rdhjjkl naj~ad`lh|àj `j 6288 hjl |hck na{j|kvwh`d`jeokh~{vk~ ag h rkvohjkj| jh|{vk h~ jkklkl `j nh~k ag hjp vkwkj{k ~mav|ghdd~ av k}rkjl`|{vk

~d`rrhek~ hjl òrdkokj|kl hdd |mk rdhjjkl naj~ad`lh|àj okh~{vk~*

\mk lkg`n`| |hvek| gav 6286 uh~ vkw`~kl laujuhvl~ ~èj`g`nhj|dp$ fp 2*; rr~ naorhvkl u`|m |mk

6288 najwkvekjnk rvaevhook$ oh`jdp aj hnna{j| ag |mk fk||kv/|mhj/k}rkn|kl f{lek|hvp

a{|naok `j 6288* \mk Nyknm h{|mav`|`k~ hlar|kl hdd |mk rdhjjkl naj~ad`lh|àj okh~{vk~ h~ rhv|

ag |mk 6286 f{lek| rvara~hd* @j hll`|àj$ g{v|mkv hnva~~/|mk/fahvl n{|~ `j arkvh|àjhd

k}rkjl`|{vk h| nkj|vhd eawkvjokj| dkwkd -2*7+ ag ELR) ukvk hrrvawkl `j Ohvnm 6286*

Hnnavl`je |a |mk 6286 najwkvekjnk rvaevhook |mk ekjkvhd eawkvjokj| lkg`n`| `~ ~k| |a lknd`jk

evhl{hddp gvao >+ ag ELR `j 6286 |a 6*0+ `j 628> hjl 8*0+ `j 628$ fh~kl

aj |mk vknhdn{dh|kl ~|v{n|{vhd fhdhjnk$ hoa{j|~ |a 2*0+$ um`nm `~ ~dèm|dp fkdau |mk hwkvhek

~|v{n|{vhd kggav| ag 8+ ag ELR vknaookjlkl fp |mk Na{jn`d* \mk ~|v{n|{vhd hli{~|okj|

hoa{j|~ |a 2*=+ `j 628< hjl 2*5+ `j 628; hjl |mk vh|k ag evau|m ag eawkvjokj| k}rkjl`|{vk$

|hc`je `j|a hnna{j| l`~nvk|àjhvp vkwkj{k okh~{vk~$ naord`k~ u`|m |mk k}rkjl`|{vk fkjnmohvc

ag |mk ^|hf`d`|p hjl Evau|m Rhn|*

\mk rdhjjkl g`~nhd naj~ad`lh|àj awkv |mk rvaevhoo`je rkvàl 628>/628; vkd`k~ aj okh~{vk~ aj

fa|m |mk k}rkjl`|{vk hjl |mk vkwkj{k ~`lk u`|m h ~dèm|dp ~|vajekv kormh~`~ aj vkwkj{k/

`jnvkh~`je okh~{vk~* Um`dk ~aok okh~{vk~ mhl hdvkhlp fkkj hjja{jnkl `j |mk 6288

najwkvekjnk rvaevhook$ |mk oa~| ~èj`g`nhj| rhv| ag |mk awkvhdd g`~nhd hli{~|okj| `~ rdhjjkl |a

fk fva{em| hfa{| fp |mk jku naj~ad`lh| aj rhnchek hrrvawkl fp |mk eawkvjokj| j Hrv d 6286

-~kk Fa} 8 hjl |mk ~kn|àj aj |mk \h} ~p~|ko)* @| `~ òrav|hj| |a ja|k |mh| oa~| okh~{vk~ `j

|m`~ vknkj| hll`|àjhd naj~ad`lh|àj rhnchek u`dd vkx{`vk dke`~dh|`wk hokjlokj|~ um`nm mhwk ja|

fkkj hrrvawkl fp Rhvd`hokj| pk| hjl hvk |mkvkgavk k}ra~kl |a ndkhv òrdkokj|h|àj v`~c~* @j

hll`|àj$ oa~| ag |mk~k okh~{vk~ hvk ag h |koravhvp jh|{vk hjl hvk k}rkn|kl |a fk u`|mlvhuj

hg|kv 628;* Hnnavl`je |a |mk Naoo`~~àj ~kvw`nk~% 6286 ^rv`je gavknh~|$ um`nm hdvkhlp `jnd{lk~

oa~| okh~{vk~ gvao |mk jku naj~ad`lh|àj rhnchek$ |mk ekjkvhd eawkvjokj| lkg`n`| `~ rvaikn|kl

|a vkhnm 6*7+ ag ELR `j 628>*

\mk g`~nhd hli{~|okj| `j 628> u`dd fk lv`wkj oh`jdp fp hj `jnvkh~k `j |mk vh|k~ ag |mk whd{khllkl |h} hjl fp nmhjek~ `j |mk rkv~ajhd `jnaok |h} -~kk Fa} 8)* K}rkjl`|{vk u`dd fk naj|h`jkl

fp daukv `jlk}h|àj ag rkj~àj~ hjl g{v|mkv n{|~ `j arkvh|àjhd k}rkjl`|{vk h| |mk nkj|vhd

eawkvjokj| dkwkd* Lk~r`|k |mk jk| kggkn| ag |mk l`~nvk|àjhvp okh~{vk~ hll`je {r |a hva{jl 8+

ag ELR$ |mk mkhld`jk lkg`n`| |hvek| gav 628> `~ ajdp 2*8 rr daukv |mhj gav 6286 hjl |mk

vknhdn{dh|kl ~|v{n|{vhd fhdhjnk u`dd `jnvkh~k fp 2*8 rr* @j 628


8/36

=


9/36

Fa} 8* Oh`j okh~{vk~

Oh`j f{lek|hvp okh~{vk~

Vkwkj{k K}rkjl`|{vk

6288

Nmhjek~ `j l`vkn| |h}k~

-2*;+ ag ELR)

A|mkv vkwkj{k -2*>+ ag

ELR)

N{|~ `j ~an`hd fkjkg`|~ -/

2*6+ ag ELR)

N{|~ `j |mk r{fd n ~kn|av

uhek f`dd -/2*6+ ag ELR)

N{|~ `j eawkvjokj|

naj~{or|àj -/2*+ ag ELR)

N{|~ `j arkvh|àjhd

k}rkjl`|{vk ag |mk nkj|vhd eawkvjokj| -/

2*>+ ag ELR)

Mèmkv kgg`n`kjnp ag r{fd`n

rvan{vkokj| -/2*8+ ag ELR)

628+ ag

ELR)

628;

0


10/36

\h} lkl{n|àj aj l`w`lkjl~

gav navravh|àj~ -/2*6+ ag ELR)

^hw`je~ vk~{d|`je gvao |mk

vkgavo ag r{fd`n hlo`j`~|vh|àj -/2*>+ ag

ELR)

Ja|k9 \mk f{lek|hvp òrhn| `j |mk |hfdk `~ |mk òrhn| vkrav|kl `j |mk rvaevhook$ `*k* fp |mk jh|àjhd

h{|mav`|`k~* H ra~`|`wk ~èj òrd`k~ |mh| vkwkj{k ! k}rkjl`|{vk `jnvkh~k~ h~ h naj~kx{kjnk ag |m`~okh~{vk* \mk lkevkk ag lk|h`d vkgdkn|~ |mk jgavoh|àj ohlk hwh`dhfdk j |mk najwkvekjnk rvaevhook

hjl$ umkvk hwh`dhfdk$ ag h o{d|`hjj{hd f{lek|*

\mk 6288 vknaookjlh|àj aj g`~nhd rad`np gav 628> k}rd`n`|dp okj|àjkl |mk jkkl |a {jlkvr`j

|mk 628> lkg`n`| |hvek| fp oavk ~rkn`g`n okh~{vk~ hjl |a hwa`l n{||`je k}rkjl`|{vk aj evau|m/

kjmhjn`je `|ko~* Awkvhdd$ |mk rdhjjkl okh~{vk~ aj |mk vkwkj{k ~`lk hvk ~{gg`n`kj|dp ~rkn`g`n hjl

x{hj|`g`kl* Okh~{vk~ aj |mk k}rkjl`|{vk ~`lk `j 6286 hjl 628> oh`jdp |hck |mk gavo ag hnva~~/

|mk/fahvl n{|~ `j |mk nkj|vhd eawkvjokj| f{lek|* \mk~k okh~{vk~ ekjkvhddp dhnc rvàv`|`~h|àj$

hvk ja| fh~kl aj h ~p~|koh|`n kwhd{h|àj ag |mk kggkn|`wkjk~~ hjl kgg`n`kjnp ag r{fd`n ~rkjl`je

rvaevhook~ hjl jknk~~hv`dp hd~a hggkn| evau|m/kjmhjn`je k}rkjl`|{vk `|ko~ ~{nm h~ kl{nh|àj*

@j hll`|àj$ |mk ~èj`g`nhj| lvar `j r{fd`n `jwk~|okj| `j |mk dh~| |ua pkhv~ d`cku`~k o`d`|h|k~

heh`j~| rva|kn|`je evau|m/kjmhjn`je k}rkjl`|{vk~* U`|m vk~rkn| |a |mk 6288 na{j|vp ~rkn`g`n

vknaookjlh|àj |a òrvawk |mk kgg`n`kjnp ag r{fd`n `jwk~|okj|~$ |mk Nyknm h{|mav`|`k~ hvk

na{j|`je aj ~èj`g`nhj| òrvawkokj|~ um`nm ~ma{dl ~|ko gvao |mk vkgavo ag r{fd`n

hlo`j`~|vh|àj -n{vvkj|dp {jlkv rvkrhvh|àj) hjl |mk nmhjek~ `j |mk r{fd`n rvan{vkokj| dhu -~kk

~kn|àj >*;)* Maukwkv$ h oavk lk|h`dkl fvkhclauj `j|a najnvk|k okh~{vk~ hjl |mk`v

x{hj|`g`nh|àj hvk ja| hwh`dhfdk `j |mk rvaevhook hjl |mk f{lek|kl ~hw`je~ u`dd lkrkjl

nv{n`hddp aj |mk hn|{hd òrdkokj|h|àj ag |mk vkgavo~ g{dd lk|h`d~ ag um`nm hvk ja| e`wkj `j |mk

6286 najwkvekjnk rvaevhook*

\mk f{lek|hvp rvaikn|àj~ awkv |mk rvaevhook rkvàl hvk ~{fikn| |a ~kwkvhd ~èj`g`nhj| v`~c~*

\mk oa~| òrav|hj| ag |mk~k `~ |mk ra|kj|`hd òrhn| aj |mk ekjkvhd eawkvjokj| lkg`n`| ag |mk

lvhg| dhu aj g`jhjn`hd naorkj~h|àj |a nm{vnmk~ gav rvarkv|p najg`~nh|kl hg|kv |mk ^knajl

Uavdl Uhv* @g |m`~ ukvk hrrvawkl$ |mk ekjkvhd eawkvjokj| lkg`n`| ua{dl `jnvkh~k fp 8*;+ agELR `j |mk pkhv `| kj|kv~ `j|a gavnk* \mk ~knajl ohiav v`~c `~ vkdh|kl |a |mk {~k ag K[ g{jl~* H~

k}rdh`jkl `j ~kn|àj >*;$ rhpokj|~ gvao ~kwkvhd Arkvh|àjhd Rvaevhook~ mhwk fkkj ~{~rkjlkl

fknh{~k ag `vvke{dhv`|`k~* \m`~ ra~k~ h v`~c |a |mk ekjkvhd eawkvjokj| fhdhjnk h~ `| nhjja| fk

k}nd{lkl |mh| ~aok rvaikn|~ u`dd mhwk |a fk g`jhjnkl kj|`vkdp gvao jh|àjhd ~a{vnk~ hjl u`dd

{d|òh|kdp ja| fk vkòf{v~kl gvao |mk K[ G{jl~* @| `~$ maukwkv$ l`gg`n{d| |a x{hj|`gp |mk

ra|kj| hd òrhn| h| |m`~ ~|hek* H |m`vl v`~c najnkvj~ |mk mèm {jnkv|h`j|p hfa{| |mk g{|{vk

lkwkdarokj| ag r{fd`n `jwk~|okj|* R{fd`n `jwk~|okj| lknd`jkl fp hdoa~| >2+ awkv |mk dh~| |ua

pkhv~* \mk {jk}rkn|kl lvar `j 6288 nhj |a h dhvek k}|kj| fk h||v`f{|kl |a |mk nh{|à{~ fkmhwà{v

ag nkv|h`j r{fd`n kj|`|`k~ um`nm ohp mhwk ra~|rajkl |mk`v `jwk~|okj| rvaikn|~ hjl |m{~ f{`d| {r

vk~kvwk~ gav |mk g{|{vk* \m`~ òrd`k~ h v`~c ag mèmkv/|mhj/rvaikn|kl `jwk~|okj| evau|m `j |mk

pkhv~ hmkhl* Aj h oavk ekjkvhd dkwkd$ |mk jh|{vk hjl k}|kj| ag |mk kjw`~hekl naj~ad`lh|àjokh~{vk~ ra~k~ h v`~c |a |mk ~{~|h`jhf`d`|p ag |mk g`~nhd hli{~|okj| fkpajl |mk rvaevhook

rkvàl* Oa~| okh~{vk~ aj |mk vkwkj{k ~`lk hvk |koravhvp hjl ~ma{dl k}r`vk `j 628;* Aj |mk

k}rkjl`|{vk ~`lk$ ~hw`je~ `j r{fd`n hlo`j`~|vh|àj |a|hdd`je hdoa~| 8+ ag ELR ~ma{dl fk

vkhd`~kl fk|ukkj 628> hjl 628;$ f{| |mk 6286 najwkvekjnk rvaevhook e`wk~ ja lk|h`d~ ag mau

|mkp u`dd fk òrdkokj|kl `j h ~{~|h`jhfdk ohjjkv u`|ma{| hggkn|`je |mk eawkvjokj| rvàv`|`k~$

|mk kggkn|`wkjk~~ ag r{fd`n ~kvw`nk~ hjl evau|m/kjmhjn`je r{fd`n k}rkjl`|{vk* \mkvk hvk hd~a

~aok ra~`|`wk v`~c~ |a f{lek| òrdkokj|h|àj* \mk j{ofkv ag rkardk lkn`l`je |a ar| `j gav |mk

rv`wh|k rkj~àj r`ddhv `j 628> na{dl fk naj~`lkvhfdp daukv |mhj h~~{okl `j |mk rvaevhook$ |m{~

òrdp`je h dk~~ jkeh|`wk òrhn| aj |mk vkwkj{k gvao ~an`hd naj|v`f{|àj~* Oavkawkv$ |mk 628>

lkg`n`| |hvek| `j rhv|`n{dhv `~ fh~kl aj vkdh|`wkdp naj~kvwh|`wk h~~{or|àj~$ h~ h ~èj`g`nhj|

naj~ad`lh|àj kggav| `~ rvaikn|kl |a fv`je ajdp h o`jav òrvawkokj| `j |mk mkhld`jk lkg`n`|*

82


11/36

Hnnavl`je |a |mk najwkvekjnk rvaevhook$ |mk lkf|/|a/ELR vh|à `~ k}rkn|kl |a rkhc h| hjl lknd`jk |mkvkhg|kv$ oh`jdp aj hnna{j| ag |mk rvaikn|kl naj|`j{a{~

òrvawkokj| ag |mk rvòhvp fhdhjnk* \mk ~mhvk ag ~mav|/|kvo lkf| `~ k}rkn|kl |a `jnvkh~k |a

6


12/36

fp K[ ~|hjlhvl~7* Dhfa{v |h}h|àj `~ vkdh|`wkdp mèm awkvhdd hjl `~ lao`jh|kl fp h dau rkv~ajhd

`jnaok |h} vh|k hjl naorhvh|`wkdp mèm ~an`hd naj|v`f{|àj~* Um`dk |mk |h} uklek aj dhfa{v `~

~dèm|dp fkdau |mk K[ hwkvhek$ |mk òrd`n`| |h} vh|k aj dhfa{v `~ ukdd hfawk hjl hoaje |mk

mèmk~| `j |mk K[5* Rvkdò`jhvp lh|h gav 6288 `jl`nh|k h g{v|mkv `jnvkh~k `j |mk |h} uklek `j |mk

Nyknm Vkr{fd`n*

\mk na{j|vp/~rkn`g`n vknaookjlh|àj aj |h}h|àj `jw`|kl |mk h{|mav`|`k~ |a naj|`j{k kggav|~ |a

k}rda`| |mk hwh`dhfdk ~rhnk gav `jnvkh~k~ `j `jl`vkn| |h} vkwkj{k |a ~m`g| |h}k~ huhp gvao dhfa{v*@j h{|{oj 6288$ |mk h{|mav`|`k~ hrrvawkl hj `jnvkh~k `j |mk vkl{nkl whd{k hllkl |h} vh|k$ hj

`jnvkh~k `j k}n`~k l{|`k~ aj |afhnna hjl h jku |h} aj da||kvp naorhj`k~$ hdd u`|m kggkn| gvao 8

Ihj{hvp 6286* ^èj`g`nhj| nmhjek~ |a |mk |h} ~p~|ko hvk rdhjjkl awkv |mk rkvàl 628>/628; -~kk

Fa} 6)*

Fa} 6 Oh`j nmhjek~ |a |mk |h} ~p~|ko kjw`~hekl `j 628>/628;

Dhfa{v |h}h|àj

Dhfa{v |h}h|àj u`dd {jlkvea ohiav nmhjek~ `j 628> hjl 628/628; h~ |mk okh~{vk~ hvk ~{rra~kl |a vk~rajl |a n{vvkj| naj~ad`lh|àj jkkl~ l{k

|a |mk nv`~`~* \mk oh`j okh~{vk~ `jnd{lk vkoawhd ag |mk fh~`n |h} hddauhjnk gav kordapkk~ -avè`jhddp

`j|val{nkl `j |mk |h} vkgavo)$ `j|val{n|àj ag h |koravhvp 5 rkvnkj|hek ra`j| hll`|àjhd rkv~ajhd

`jnaok |h} ~{vnmhvek gav mèm/`jnaok khvjkv~$ dò`|h|àj~ |a |h} lkl{n|`fdk~ gav |mk ~kdg/kordapkl

hjl h |koravhvp `jnvkh~k `j |mk rkv~ajhd `jnaok |h} vh|k gvao 80+ |a 62+*\mk naof`jkl kggkn| ag |mk |h} vkgavo hjl ag |mk jku |koravhvp naj~ad`lh|àj rhnchek aj r{fd`n

g`jhjnk~ `j 628>/628; `~ d`ckdp |a fk ra~`|`wk* Dhfa{v |h}h|àj `~ |m{~ k}rkn|kl |a `jnvkh~k ~aokumh|

awkv |mk rvaevhook rkvàl hjl lknvkh~k |mkvkhg|kv `g |mk naj~ad`lh|àj rhnchek `~ u`|mlvhuj h~

rdhjjkl*

Whd{k hllkl |h} hjl k}n`~k l{|`k~

\mk |koravhvp naj~ad`lh|àj rhnchek kjw`~hek~ h 8 rr `jnvkh~k `j fa|m |mk ~|hjlhvl hjl |mk vkl{nkl

whd{k hllkl |h} vh|k~ |a 8;+ hjl 68+ h~ ag 628>* \mk rvkwà{~ rdhj |a {j`gp |mk |ua whd{k hllkl |h}

vh|k~ h| 85*;+ ua{dl |m{~ fk ra~|rajkl |a 6287* \mk rhnchek hd~a rvara~k~ ~kwkvhd nmhjek~ |a k}n`~k

l{|`k~ -k*e* `j|val{n|àj ag h nhvfaj |h} hjl h u`jk |h}$ g{v|mkv `jnvkh~k `j |h}k~ aj |afhnna hjl h

vkl{n|àj ag k}kor|àj~ gvao k}n`~k l{|`k~ aj nkv|h`j naooal`|`k~)

A|mkv |h}k~

\mk |h} vkgavo okj|àjkl hfawk kjnaorh~~k~ nmhjek~ |a `jmkv`|hjnk hjl e`g| |h}k~* @| u`dd hd~a`j|val{nk ~aok nmhjek~ |a |mk navravh|k `jnaok |h} fh~k -~{nm h~ |h} lkl{n|`f`d`|p ag l`w`lkjl~)*

Hrhv| gvao |mh|$ |mk naj~ad`lh|àj rhnchek kjw`~hek~ hj `jnvkh~k `j rvarkv|p |vhj~gkv |h} fp 8 rr*

7 \mk òrd`n`| |h} vh|k aj nhr`|hd mh~ lknvkh~kl ~|khl`dp ~`jnk 622< hjl ~|aal h| 87*5 + `j 6282 um`nm `~ 82*> rr~fkdau |mk K[/6; hwkvhek*5 \mk |h} uklek gav |mk hwkvhek uhek khvjkv vkhnmkl 7+*= \mk &~{rkv/eva~~& uhek `~ lkg`jkl h~ |mk eva~~ uhek rd{~ |mk rhv| ag ~an`hd naj|v`f{|àj~ um`nm `~ rh`l fpkordapkv~* \mk rkv~ajhd `jnaok |h} `~ n{vvkj|dp ~k| h| 8;+ ag |mk ~{rkv/eva~~ uhek*0 \mk ~kdg/kordapkl `j ~aok rvagk~~àj~ nhj lkl{n| {r |a =2 + ag |mk`v k}rkj~k~ h~ h d{or/~{o lkl{n|àj*

86


13/36

^`jedk naddkn|àj ra`j|

\mk `j|val{n|àj ag |mk ~`jedk naddkn|àj ra`j| gav r{fd`n vkwkj{k -`j|kevh|`je ~kwkvhd vkwkj{k

naddkn|àj fal`k~) `~ hj òrav|hj| rhv| ag |mk |h} vkgavo* @| u`dd fk `j|val{nkl awkv ~kwkvhd pkhv~ hjl

~ma{dl fk g`jhd`~kl `j 628 f{| |mk ~hw`je~ ohp

ukdd |{vj a{| daukv |mhj k}rkn|kl* G{dd mhvoaj`~h|àj ag |mk |h} hjl ~an`hd ~kn{v`|p dke`~dh|àj

mh~ ja| fkkj hnnaord`~mkl hjl |mk ~èj`g`nhj| j{ofkv ag nmhjek~ rvara~kl |a |mk |h} ~p~|ko `j

82 H| >=*0+ |mk |h} uklek aj dau/`jnaok khvjkv~ -75 + ag |mk hwkvhek uhek) uh~ fkdau |mk K[ hwkvhek ag>0*=+ `j 6282* @| `jnvkh~kl |a >0*;+ hnnavl`je |a |mk rvkdò`jhvp lh|h gav 6288*88 \mk ~mhvk ag ~kdg/kordapkl `j |a|hd kordapokj| mh~ fkkj `jnvkh~`je ~`jnk 800; hjl ~|aal h| 80+ `j 6282* \mk|h} vkwkj{k gvao |mk ~kdg/kordapkl mh~ lknvkh~kl lvhoh|`nhddp$ rhv|`n{dhvdp ~`jnk 622= umkj |mk dh~| ohiav

nmhjek~ |a |mk |h} ~p~|ko ukvk kjhn|kl* @| ekjkvh|kl ajdp 6*6 + ag |mk |a|hd rkv~ajhd `jnaok |h} vkwkj{k `j nh~m|kvo~ `j 6288 hg|kv `| mhl ~|`dd fkkj hva{jl 86+ `j 622=*86 Vkwkj{k gvao kjw`vajokj|hd |h}k~ kx{hd~ 6*;+ ag ELR um`nm `~ nda~k |a |mk K[ hwkvhek ag 6*7 +* Maukwkv$kjw`vajokj|hd |h}k~ a|mkv |mhj |vhj~rav| g{kd |h}k~ -`*k* a|mkv kjkvep |h}k~ hjl |vhj~rav| hjl radd{|àj!vk~a{vnk~

|h}k~) ohck {r ajdp hfa{| 82 + ag |mk |a|hd hnnavl`je |a ~|h|`~|`n~ gvao 6220*8> \mk 6286 La`je F{~`jk~~ vkrav| fp |mk Uavdl Fhjc hjl |mk RUN Rhp`je \h}k~ 6288 vkrav| mèmdèm| |mk

mkhwp |h} naord`hjnk f{vlkj gav g`vo~ `j |mk Nyknm Vkr{fd`n*

8>


14/36

h vkdh|`wkdp ~mav| rkvàl ag |òk `~ d`ckdp |a nvkh|k hll`|àjhd naord`hjnk na~|~$ `jnvkh~k |mk

awkvhdd naordk}`|p hjl vkl{nk rvkl`n|hf`d`|p hjl dkehd nkv|h`j|p gav |h}rhpkv~* @orvaw`je |h}

naord`hjnk `j h vhr`ldp nmhje`je kjw`vajokj| u`dd |m{~ vkoh`j h ~èj`g`nhj| nmhddkjek gav fa|m

|mk |h} h{|mav`|`k~ hjl |h}rhpkv~* Oavkawkv$ |mk n{vvkj| |h} naddkn|àj ~p~|ko `~ ja| fh~kl aj hj

hv|`n{dh|kl hjl naorvkmkj~`wk |h} naord`hjnk ~|vh|kep kjhfd`je |mk h{|mav`|`k~ |a {~k |mk

hwh`dhfdk vk~a{vnk~ oavk kggkn|`wkdp hjl kgg`n`kj|dp*

Rkj~àj vkgavo

@j avlkv |a òrvawk daje/v{j g`~nhd ~{~|h`jhf`d`|p$ |mk eawkvjokj| òrdkokj|kl h vkgavo ag |mk

r{fd n rkj~àj ~p~|ko `j 6288$ um`nm ~ k}rkn|kl |a vkl{nk `|~ lkg`n`|~ gvao oavk |mhj


15/36

[jlkv |m`~ ~nmkok$ `jl`w`l{hd~ u`|m h e`wkj dkwkd ag ~hw`je~ `j |mk rkj~àj ~hw`je~ ~nmkok

ua{dl fk hddaukl |a u`|mlvhu |mko hjl vk|`vk {r |a g`wk pkhv~ fkgavk |mk ~|h|{|avp hek* \mk jk|

kggkn| ag |mk ~nmkok aj r{fd`n g`jhjnk~ `~ hofè{a{~* Daukv rkj~àj l`~f{v~kokj|~ |a |ma~k

uma {~k |mk`v auj ~hw`je~ |a vk|`vk khvdp ua{dl fk naorkj~h|kl fp hll`|àjhd mkhd|m

naj|v`f{|àj~ rh`l gav |mk~k rkv~aj~ gvao |mk ~|h|k f{lek| -h~ gav hdd rkj~àjkv~) um`dk |mkvk

ua{dl fk h da~~ `j ~an`hd naj|v`f{|àj~ hjl `jnaok |h}k~* Oavkawkv$ `g ~hw`je~ hvk lkrdk|kl

l{v`je khvdp vk|`vkokj|$ |mkp nhjja| naj|v`f{|k |a mèmkv rkj~àj~ `j |mk dh|kv rmh~k$ |m{~ukhckj`je |mk vh|àjhdk gav |mk vkgavo ag |mk rkj~àj ~hw`je~ ~nmkok* ^{nm h rad`np ja| ajdp

v{j~ na{j|kv |a |mk d`gk/daje dkhvj`je ~|vh|kep hjl a|mkv kggav|~ ohlk |a k}|kjl uavc`je d`wk~$

f{| hd~a `~ k}rd`n`|dp l`~na{vhekl fp |mk Hjj{hd Evau|m {vwkp gav 6286*

>*6* G`jhjn`hd ~kn|av

\mk Nyknm g`jhjn`hd ~kn|av mh~ vkoh`jkl ~|hfdk$ ~mau`je ghwa{vhfdk whd{k~ gav ckp ohnva/

rv{lkj|`hd `jl`nh|av~* Fhjc~ vkoh`j rvag`|hfdk$ ukdd nhr`|hd`~kl hjl d`x{`l u`|m h dahj/|a/lkra~ |

vh|à ukdd fkdau 822+ -~kk \hfdk W@@)* \mk nhr`|hd hlkx{hnp vh|à vkoh`jkl hfawk 8;+ `j

6288* \mk nv`~`~/vkdh|kl `jnvkh~k `j nvkl`| v`~c |vhj~dh|kl `j|a h oalkvh|k lk|kvàvh|àj ag h~~k|

x{hd`|p u`|m jaj/rkvgavo`je dahj~ ~|`dd fkdau K[ hwkvhek~* Rv`nkl/`j ~awkvkèj v`~c `~ dò`|kl

hjl mh~ kwkj lò`j`~mkl ~`jnk 6220 `j |mk naj|k}| ag dau hjl ~|khlp k}|kvjhd lkf| hjl |mk

~|hfdk nvkl`| vh|`je ag |mk Nyknm eawkvjokj| lkf|* Hd|ma{em oa~| ag |mk fhjc`je ~kn|av `~

gavkèj/aujkl$ k}ra~{vk |a |mk rhvkj| fhjc~ uh~ dk~~ |mhj 8; + `j 6288$ fkdau |mk 6;+ dò`|

~k| fp |mk Nyknm Jh|àjhd Fhjc* \mk Nyknm Jh|àjhd Fhjc vknkj|dp òrvawkl fhjc vkrav|`je

vkx{`vkokj|~ hjl ~{rkvw`~k~ |vhj~hn|àj~ fk|ukkj rhvkj|~ hjl ~{f~`l`hv`k~$ h~ Nyknm fhjc~ h~ h

umadk vkoh`j jk| nvkl`|av~ |a |mk`v rhvkj| fhjc~*

Um`dk |mk laok~|`n g`jhjn`hd ~kn|av vkoh`j~ mkhd|mp hjl d`x{`l$ |mk ukhckv knajaop hjl

`jnvkh~kl nvkl`| v`~c mhwk hd~a hggkn|kl hnnk~~ |a g`jhjnk gav |mk vkhd knajaop* @j 6288$ |mk

evau|m ag fhjc dahj~ |a |mk rv`wh|k ~kn|av ~daukl lauj -6*< + w~* 0*6+ `j 6282)$ h~ l`l evau|m

ag dkjl`je gav ma{~k r{vnmh~k~ ->*5+ w~* 86*7+ `j 6282)* Hnnk~~ |a g`jhjnk vkoh`j~ ajk ag |mk

oh`j najnkvj~ mèmdèm|kl fp Nyknm f{~`jk~~k~$ k~rkn`hddp `j |mk khvdp ~|hek~

8=

* U`|m hj{jlkvlkwkdarkl ~|anc k}nmhjek hjl wkj|{vk nhr`|hd ohvck|$ kx{`|p g`jhjn`je vkoh`j~ wkvp

dò`|kl hjl |mk vkhd knajaop kggkn|`wkdp lkrkjl~ aj g`jhjn`je rvaw`lkl fp fhjc~ av gavkèj

aujkv~* @j~|v{okj|~ ~{nm h~ ~kkl hjl wkj|{vk nhr`|hd g{jl~ hvk n{vvkj|dp fk`je rvkrhvkl f{| hvk

~|`dd ja| arkvh|àjhd `j |mk Nyknm Vkr{fd`n80* @j |m`~ vkehvl$ |mk jh|àjhd vkgavo rvaevhook

naj|h`j~ h ukdnaok vkgkvkjnk |a |mk eawkvjokj|%~ vknkj| hrrvawhd ag h ~kkl!wkj|{vk/nhr`|hd g{jl

hòkl h| ~{rrav|`je |mk nvkh|àj ag jku ~ohdd hjl okl`{o kj|kvrv`~k~ hjl |mk lkwkdarokj| ag

`jjawh|`wk hjl |knmjadae`nhddp av`kj|kl naorhj`k~*

>*>* Dhfa{v ohvck|$ kl{nh|àj hjl ~an`hd rad`n k~

\mk dhfa{v ohvck| mh~ rvawkl x{`|k vk~`d`kj| |a |mk n{vvkj| rkvàl ag dau evau|m* L{v`je |mk dh~|

|ua pkhv~ |mk kordapokj| vh|k va~k |a 52*0 + `j 6288* \mk awkvhdd {jkordapokj| vh|k `~ fkdau|mk K[ hwkvhek hjl |mh| ag okj -;*;+) `~$ `j ghn|$ |mk ga{v|m dauk~| `j |mk K[* Maukwkv$

uaokj u`|m nm`dlvkj hjl a|mkv w{djkvhfdk eva{r~ ~|v{eedk |a vkhd`~k |mk`v ra|kj|`hd aj |mk

dhfa{v ohvck|* Pa{|m {jkordapokj| -8=+ `j 6288) `~ ~|`dd fkdau |mk K[ hwkvhek f{| mh~ fkkj

m`| mhvl fp |mk nv`~`~ hjl mh~ hdoa~| la{fdkl ~`jnk 622=* Gvao h fvahlkv rkv~rkn|`wk$ evau|m `j

dhfa{v rval{n|`w`|p rkv rkv~aj kordapkl `~ ghdd`je fkm`jl ~aok ag |mk Nyknm Vkr{fd`n~

vkeàjhd rkkv~$ um`nm ra`j|~ |a |mk òrav|hjnk ag kl{nh|àj vkgavo `j avlkv |a hnm`kwk g{v|mkv

vkhd najwkvekjnk*

8= Hnnavl`je |a |mk Lknkofkv 6288 KNF/Naoo`~~ aj ~{vwkp aj hnnk~~ |a g`jhjnk gav ~ohdd hjl okl`{okj|kvrv`~k~ |mk rvarav|àj ag vkikn|kl dahj hrrd`nh|àj~ `j |mk Nyknm Vkr{fd`n uh~ mèmkv |mhj |mk K[ hwkvhek `j

6288 hjl |mk dahj hrrd`nh|àj ~`|{h|àj lk|kvàvh|kl fk|ukkj 6220 hjl 6288*80 \mk K{varkhj Rv`wh|k Kx{`|p hjl Wkj|{vk Nhr`|hd H~~an`h|àj k~|òh|k~ |mh| |mk ~mhvk ag `jwk~|okj| `j ~kkl

hjl ~|hv|/{r~ h~ h rkvnkj|hek ag ELR `~ daukv |mhj |mk K[ hwkvhek `j |mk Nyknm Vkr{fd`n*

8;


16/36

\mk eawkvjokj| mh~ hlar|kl h ~k| ag okh~{vk~ -kggkn|`wk h~ ag 6286) `j avlkv |a ~|ò{dh|k

dhfa{v lkohjl hjl `jnvkh~k |mk gdk}`f`d`|p ag |mk dhfa{v ohvck|* \mk ckp okh~{vk~ `jnd{lk

d`jc`je ~kwkvhjnk rhp |a |mk dkje|m ag ~kvw`nk hjl kh~`je |mk v{dk~ gav |koravhvp naj|vhn|~ hjl

annh~àjhd uavc* \mk~k ~|kr~ hvk vkdkwhj| vk~raj~k~ |a |mk rvàv`|`k~ `lkj|`g`kl fp |mk Hjj{hd

Evau|m ^{vwkp gav 6286$ h~ |mkp ~{rrav| dhfa{v ohvck| |{vjawkv hjl |mkvkgavk daukv |mk

`jn`lkjnk ag daje/|kvo {jkordapokj|$ k~rkn`hddp hoaje~| pa{je hjl!av dau/~c`ddkl rkardk62*

Maukwkv$ |mkvk hvk ~keokj|~ ag |mk dhfa{v ohvck| |mh| na{dl rvaw`lk l`vkn| arrav|{j`|`k~ gavòrvaw`je kordapokj| um`nm$ h~ l`~n{~~kl fkdau$ mhwk ja| fkkj g{ddp hllvk~~kl fp vknkj|

vkgavo~*

@j vk~raj~k |a |mk 6288 vknaookjlh|àj$ um`nm `jw`|kl |mk Nyknm Vkr{fd`n |a `jnvkh~k |mk

dhfa{v/ohvck| rhv|`n`rh|àj vh|k ag uaokj u`|m nm`dlvkj$ |mk eawkvjokj| mh~ kjhn|kl |ua

vkgavo~$ fa|m ag um`nm nhok `j|a gavnk `j Ihj{hvp 6286* G`v~|$ `| `jnvkh~kl |mk gdk}`f`d`|p `j

lvhu`je |mk rhvkj|hd hddauhjnk* Oa~| rhvkj|~ hvk jau hfdk |a nmaa~k |mk dkwkd ag |mk oaj|mdp

hddauhjnk a{| ag h e`wkj |a|hd ~{o -um`nm okhj~ |mh| |mk dkje|m ag ~{rrav| `~ hd~a òrd`n`|dp

nma~kj)* Rvkwà{~ dò`|~ aj naof`j`je |mk hddauhjnk u`|m gavohd nm`dlnhvk mhwk fkkj d`g|kl gav

nm`dlvkj hfawk |mk hek ag |ua* Gav pa{jekv nm`dlvkj$ h oaj|mdp |a|hd ag ajdp >+ ag nm`dlvkj pa{jekv

|mhj |mvkk fp 6282* ^knajl$ |mk kormh~`~ aj x{hd`|p ag nhvk `~ okj|àjkl `j |mk jh|àjhd vkgavo

rvaevhook f{|$ hnnavl`je |a |mk `jgavoh|àj rvaw`lkl fp |mk O`j`~|vp ag Dhfa{v hjl an`hd

Hggh`v~$ nm`dlnhvk rvhn|`|àjkv~ u`dd ja| fk vkx{`vkl |a mhwk vkdkwhj| x{hd`g`nh|àj~ gav uavc`je

u`|m nm`dlvkj* \m`~ `~ h ~|kr fhnc naorhvkl u`|m n{vvkj| ~|hjlhvl~ `j rvk/rvòhvp kl{nh|àj `j

|kvo~ ag f{`dl`je m{ohj nhr`|hd hjl h da~| arrav|{j`|p gav òrvaw`je |mk g{|{vk kordapokj|62 A|mkv okh~{vk~ hvk hò`je |a vh`~k k}|vh |h} vkwkj{k av vkl{nk {jkordapokj| k}rkjl`|{vk* Gav `j~|hjnk$ |mkvkgavo hò~ |a n{vf ghd~k ~kdg/kordapokj| fp `jnvkh~`je |mk na~| ag jaj/naord`hjnk gav |mk ~mhlau kordapkv

-k*e* rkjhd|`k~ mhwk fkkj lvh~|`nhddp `jnvkh~kl hjl |mk lkg j`|àj ag ghd~k ~kdg/kordapokj| mh~ fkkj ohlkndkhvkv)* \mk v{dk~ gav evhj|`je {jkordapokj| fkjkg`|~ mhwk hd~a fkkj |èm|kjkl fp `j|val{n`je |mk ra~~`f`d`|p ag

naor{d~avp r{fd`n uavc gav eva{r~ ag {jkordapkl `lkj|`g`kl fp dhfa{v agg`nk~ hjl h vkrav|`je vkx{`vkokj| gav|ma~k ~{~rkn|kl ag uavc`je um`dk aj fkjkg`|~*68 Ajdp ;*>+ ag Nyknm kordapkk~ uavc rhv|/| ok$ naorhvkl u`|m |mk K[ hwkvhek ag 8;*0+ -X


17/36

arrav|{j`|`k~ gav nm`dlvkj gvao l`~hlwhj|hekl gho`d`k~* \mk 6288 vknaookjlh|àj aj

rhv|`n`rh|àj `j |mk dhfa{v ohvck| hd~a jw`|kl |mk eawkvjokj| |a `jnvkh~k |mk hwh`dhf`d`|p ag

rhv|/|òk iaf~ f{| ja ~rkn`g`n okh~{vk~ mhwk fkkj |hckj `j |m`~ l`vkn|àj* `jnk uaokj u`|m

nm`dlvkj hvk |mk |pr`nhd madlkv~ ag gdk}`fdk iaf~ `j a|mkv Okofkv ^|h|k~$ evkh|kv hwh`dhf`d`|p ag

nm`dlnhvk `~ h rvk/najl`|àj gav rvaevk~~ `j |m`~ hvkh*

^kwkvhd okh~{vk~ mhwk fkkj òrdkokj|kl `j d`jk u`|m |mk 6288 vknaookjlh|àj aj |mk

rkvgavohjnk ag |mk r{fd n kordapokj| ~kvw`nk* Vkeàjhd dhfa{v agg`nk~ mhwk fkkj rdhnkl {jlkv|mk vk~raj~`f`d`|p ag h jku nkj|vhd dhfa{v agg`nk hjl$ h~ rhv| ag h fvahlkv ~an`hd fkjkg`|~ vkgavo$

vk~raj~`f`d`|p gav rhpokj|~ ag jaj/`j~{vhjnk ~an`hd fkjkg`|~$ |aek|mkv u`|m ~|hgg$ mhwk fkkj

|vhj~gkvvkl gvao |mk o{j`n`rhd`|`k~ |a dhfa{v agg`nk~ u`|m kggkn| gvao Ihj{hvp 6286* Maukwkv$

|mk `jnvkh~kl uavcdahl um`nm |m`~ òrd`k~ u`dd r{| g{v|mkv ~|vh`j aj |mk ~|hgg ag |mk r{fd`n

kordapokj| ~kvw`nk$ uma~k j{ofkv lknd`jkl fp 86+ `j 6288$ hjl |mk x{hd`|p ag ~kvw`nk~*

@jnkj|`wk~ |a ~kkc uavc mhwk fkkj ~|vkje|mkjkl hjl iaf~kkckv~ nhj jau fk vkx{`vkl |a

rhv|`n`rh|k `j r{fd`n uavc~ hg|kv |ua oaj|m~ aj |mk vke`~|kv av ghnk lkvke`~|vh|àj `g ~kdkn|kl fp

|mk dhfa{v agg`nk* @j 6288$ iaf~kkckv~ ghnkl h mèmkv rvafhf`d`|p ag fk`je vkoawkl gvao |mk

dhfa{v agg`nk vke`~|kv gav jaj/naord`hjnk u`|m vke`~|vh|àj najl`|àj~ |mhj ag fk`je rdhnkl `j h

iaf fp nh~kuavckv~6>*

\a òrvawk rdhnkokj| ~kvw`nk~ hjl vkl{nk |mk uavcdahl ag |mk r{fd`n kordapokj| ~kvw`nk$ h~p~|ko gav a{|~a{vn`je kordapokj| ~kvw`nk~ |a rv`wh|k hekjn`k~ uh~ `j|val{nkl `j 6288* Fh~kl

aj |mk `jgavoh|àj rvaw`lkl fp |mk h{|mav`|`k~$ naj|vhn|~ u`dd fk hddanh|kl |mva{em r{fd`n

rvan{vkokj| hjl iaf~kkckv~ u`dd fk vhjlaodp h~~èjkl |a hekjn`k~ um`nm mhwk fkkj huhvlkl

naj|vhn|~* Maukwkv$ ja `jgavoh|àj `~ hwh`dhfdk aj umk|mkv fvahl rhv|`n`rh|àj `j naork|`|àj~

gav |mk naj|vhn|~ hjl ~p~|ko`n kwhd{h|àj ag khnm hekjnp u`dd fk kj~{vkl* H dhvek rhv| ag |mk gkk

`~ rh`l {rgvaj| |a |mk rv`wh|k rvaw`lkv hjl ajdp h wkvp ~ohdd rhv| ag |mk hekjnp gkk6< `~ d`jckl |a

|mk l{vh|àj ag |mk rdhnkokj|*

Fa|m |mk k}rkjl`|{vk aj hn|`wk dhfa{v ohvck| rad`n`k~ hjl |mk ~mhvk ag rhv|`n`rhj|~ `j vke{dhv

hn|`wh|àj okh~{vk~ `~ rhv|`n{dhvdp dau `j |mk Nyknm Vkr{fd`n* Um`dk h vkgavo ag |mk hn|`wk

dhfa{v ohvck| rad`np uh~ hlar|kl `j 6288$ rvaevk~~ aj òrdkokj|h|àj ag |mk 6288

vknaookjlh|àj aj `jnvkh~`je |mk x{hd`|p hjl kggkn|`wkjk~~ ag hn|`wh|àj rvaevhook~ mh~ fkkj

dò`|kl* \mk najl`|àj~ gav |mk rvaevhook mhwk fkkj ohlk ~|v`n|kv |a dò`| hf{~k$ `j rhv|`n{dhv

ag ~{rrav| gav |mk l`~hfdkl$ hjl iaf~kkckv~ nhj jau ~kdkn| |mk`v |vh`j`je rvaevhook gvao h d`~|

ag hnnvkl`|kl ~nmkok~* \mh| ~h`l$ ja hll`|àjhd g{jl`je mh~ fkkj hddanh|kl |a |vh`j`je

rvaevhook~ hjl ja ~{f~|hj|`hd |vh`j`je rvaevhook~ mhwk fkkj j|val{nkl |mh| ua{dl nh|kv gav

~rkn`g`n jkkl~ hjl kggkn|`wkdp |hvek| adlkv uavckv~$ pa{je rkardk$ dau/~c`ddkl uavckv~ hjl a|mkv

w{djkvhfdk eva{r~* Ja rvaevk~~ mh~ fkkj ohlk `j d`jc`je g{jl`je ag hn|`wk dhfa{v ohvck| rad`np

rvaevhook~ |a vk~{d|~* H j{ofkv ag ~|{l`k~ kwhd{h|`je hn|`wh|àj rvaevhook~ lh|h gav 6225

ukvk rval{nkl gav |mk O`j`~|vp ag Dhfa{v hjl ân`hd Hggh`v~$ f{| |mkvk mh~ fkkj ja ~p~|koh|`n

kwhd{h|àj ag |mk jk| òrhn| hjl k}rkjl`|{vk kgg`n`kjnp um`nm ua{dl gkkl `j|a |mk rad`np/

ohc`je rvank~~* G{v|mkvoavk$ ajea`je hjl rdhjjkl n{|~ `j |mk g{jl`je ag vke{dhv lh|hnaddkn|àj hn|`w`|`k~ fp |mk ^|h|`~|`nhd Agg`nk6; hvk mhw`je hj hlwkv~k kggkn| aj |mk x{hd`|p ag |mk

lh|h hwh`dhfdk gav rad`np/av`kj|kl kor`v`nhd vk~khvnm |a lv`wk rad`np/ohc`je*

@j avlkv |a na{j|kv |mk k}rkn|kl ~daulauj `j ra|kj|`hd evau|m$ |mk Na{jn`d vknaookjlkl |mh|

|mk Nyknm Vkr{fd`n òrvawk |mk rkvgavohjnk ag |kv|`hvp kl{nh|àj$ u`|m {revhl`je ag |mk

x{hd`|p kwhd{h|àj ~p~|ko ~kkj h~ |mk g`v~| ~|kr jknk~~hvp* N{vvkj|dp x{hd`|p kwhd{h|àj `~ lajk

k} hj|k9 khnm ~|{lp rvaevhook -|mkvk hvk hfa{| =$222 ag |mko) `~ hnnvkl`|kl fh~kl aj h ~k| ag

o`jò{o ~|hjlhvl~ f{| umh| mhrrkj~ hg|kv hnnvkl`|h|àj `~ ja| ~p~|koh|`nhddp gaddaukl {r* H

6> @j 6288$ |mk j{ofkv ag iaf~kkckv~ uma ukvk vkoawkl gvao |mk vke`~|kv gav vkg{~`je uavc av gh`d`je |a g{dg`d

a|mkv najl`|àj~ uh~ =;$


18/36

d`jc mh~ fkkj `j|val{nkl fk|ukkj |mk f{lek| ag khnm mèmkv kl{nh|àj `j~|`|{|àj hjl h ~k| ag

x{hd`|p `jl`nh|av~ `j |mk n{vvkj| ~p~|ko ag g{jl`je$ rvòhv`dp |a o`|èh|k |mk g{jl`je rvk~~{vk~

~|koo`je gvao |mk evau`je j{ofkv~ ag ~|{lkj|~* \mk d`jc `~$ maukwkv$ gh`vdp daa~k hjl |mkvk `~

ja ndkhv kw`lkjnk |mh| `| mh~ hj òrhn| aj òrvaw`je |mk x{hd`|p ag a{|r{|*

Awkv |mk vkrav|`je rkvàl$ f{| rhv|dp f{`dl`je aj khvd`kv rvara~hd~$ |mk eawkvjokj| vk~rajlkl |a

|mk vknaookjlh|àj u`|m h naordk} vkgavo ag |kv|`hvp kl{nh|àj* @| hò~$ h~ ag 628>$ |a

kjmhjnk |mk hnnvkl`|h|àj ~p~|ko$ l`ggkvkj|`h|k fk|ukkj mèmkv kl{nh|àj `j~|`|{|àj~$ hli{~||mk`v eawkvjhjnk ~|v{n|{vk~ hjl ~|vkje|mkj |mk d`jc fk|ukkj vk~{d|~ hjl g{jl`je* Ndkhvkv

rvag`d`je ag mèmkv kl{nh|àj `j~|`|{|àj~ rvaw`l`je g`v~| lkevkk~ av mèmkv x{hd g`nh|àj~ ~

k}rkn|kl |a òrvawk |mk x{hd`|p hjl kordaphf`d`|p ag g`v~|/lkevkk evhl{h|k~67* \mk n{vvkj| lvhg|

gvhokuavc dhu `~$ `j rv`jn`rdk$ vkdkwhj| hjl hof`|à{~* Maukwkv$ evkh|kv kormh~`~ aj

~p~|koh|`n lh|h naddkn|àj hjl hjhdp~`~ gav {~k `j |mk r{fd`n lkfh|k ua{dl fad~|kv |mk vkgavo$

um`nm ghnk~ ~|vaje arra~`|àj gvao |mk hnhlko`n naoo{j`|p hjl mh~ heh`j fkkj lkdhpkl*

Vkehvl`je naor{d~avp kl{nh|àj$ |mk vk~{d|~ ag |mk R@^H -6220) ~{vwkp ra`j| |a h uav~kj`je ag

|mk hnm`kwkokj|~ ag Nyknm r{r`d~ `j hdd hvkh~ |k~|kl65 hjl ~{eek~| |mh| ~nmaad~ hvk gh`d`je |a

fv`lek |mk ehr~ h~~an`h|kl u`|m r{r`d~ ~anà/knajao`n fhnceva{jl* @j 6288$ |mk eawkvjokj|

|aac ~|kr~ |a |hncdk fa|m |mk~k `~~{k~9 |mk ~mhvk ag r{r`d~ rvaevk~~`je |a ~kdkn|`wk ~nmaad~ `~ ~k|

|a lknvkh~k evhl{hddp hjl o`jò{o ~|hjlhvl~ gav dkhvj`je a{|naok~ hvk fk`je lkwkdarkl* Fh~`~aj |m`~$ |mk rdhj `~ |a dh{jnm h jh|àj/u`lk naor{|kv/fh~kl |k~|`je ag hdd 82 hjl 8< pkhv/adl

r{r`d~ `j 628


19/36

\mk ~|h|`~|`nhd nawkvhek ag ~an`hddp k}nd{lkl naoo{j`|`k~ `j |mk Nyknm Vkr{fd`n `~ dò`|kl*

Jkwkv|mkdk~~$ Vaoh hnna{j| gav {r |a =2+ ag |mk rar{dh|àj ag |mk~k naoo{j`|`k~ hjl ghnk

~èj`g`nhj| fhvv`kv~ |a fk||kv `j|kevh|àj60* @jhn|`w`|p vh|k~ ag Vaoh hvk k~|òh|kl |a fk wkvp mèm

hjl kj|vkjnmkl u`|m nda~k |a 2$ dò`|`je |mk`v nmhjnk~ ag `j|kevh|àj `j|a |mk

dhfa{v ohvck|* @j 6220$ |mk eawkvjokj| hlar|kl |mk Vaoh @j|kevh|àj Rdhj gav 6282/628>$

um`nm a{|d`jkl kl{nh|àj$ kordapokj|$ mkhd|mnhvk hjl ma{~`je okh~{vk~ |a òrvawk `jnd{~àj*

Maukwkv$ |mk Rdhj dhnc~ x{hj|`g`kl |hvek|~ hjl òrdkokj|h|àj lkhld`jk~ hjl lak~ ja| r{|

~{gg`n`kj| kormh~`~ aj khvdp kl{nh|àj hjl lk~kevkeh|àj okh~{vk~ `j kl{nh|àj*

>*8$|h} `jnkj|`wk~ gav V'L hn|`w`|`k~ naj|vhn|kl a{| |a

{j`wkv~`|`k~ hjl vk~khvnm avehj`~h|àj~ hjl |mk nvkh|àj ag h ~kkl hjl wkj|{vk nhr`|hd g{jl -na/

g{jlkl fp |mk K{varkhj Vkeàjhd Lkwkdarokj| G{jl) hvk g{v|mkv ~|kr~ `j |mk vèm| l`vkn|àj*

Aj |mk a|mkv mhjl$ òrdkokj|h|àj `j a|mkv hvkh~ mh~ fkkj vh|mkv ~dau* Ja najnvk|k ~|kr~ aj

mau |a hnm`kwk |mk jh|àjhd |hvek| gav r{fd`n V'L `jwk~|okj| ag 8+ ag ELR hvk a{|d`jkl `j |mk

60 Ehfhd$ Hjhdp~`~ hjl Naj~{d|`je -6227)9 Hjhdp~`~ ag ~an`hddp k}nd{lkl Vaoh danhd`|`k~ hjl nhrhn`|p ag ~{fikn|~hn|`wk `j |m`~ hvkh*>2 Nyknm ^nmaad @j~rkn|àj Vkrav| -Ohvnm 6282) aj ^{oohvp G`jl`je~ gvao |mk \mkoh|`n Naj|vad Hn|`w`|p `jGavokv ^rkn`hd nmaad~*>8 ^kk Fa} 6 gav h oavk lk|h`dkl k}rdhjh|àj*

80


20/36

6286 jh|`ajhd vkgavo rvaevhook hjl |mk okl`{o/|kvo f{lek|hvp gvhokuavc kjw`~hek~ ja

`jnvkh~k `j r{fd`n V'L g{jl`je {j|`d 628


21/36

\vhj~rav|

Ajk ag |mk fa||dkjknc~ |a evau|m `~ |mk jkkl |a òrvawk |vhj~rav| `jgvh~|v{n|{vk$ `jnvkh~k `|~

nhrhn`|p hjl x{hd`|p hjl aggkv oavk kggkn|`wk `j|kvnajjkn|àj~ fk|ukkj hdd gavo~ ag |vhj~rav|*

\mk vh`d jk|uavc `~ ajk ag |mk lkj~k~| `j K{vark$ f{| |mk x{hd`|p vkoh`j~ dau$ rhv|dp l{k |a |mk

dhnc ag `j|kvoalhd dae`~|`n~ nkj|vk~ d`jc`je vh`duhp~ u`|m a|mkv oalk~ ag |vhj~rav|* \mk

`jgvh~|v{n|{vk jkkl~ vkjkuhd hjl oh`j|kjhjnk$ hjl |mk kggkn|`wk ~rkkl aj |mk oh`j d`jk~ `~ ja|

naork|`|`wk u`|m vahl |vhj~rav|* \mkvk mh~ fkkj evhl{hd d`fkvhd`~h|àj ag |mk vh`duhp ~kn|av u`|mh jku naork|`|av kj|kv`je |mk ohvck|* \mk 6288 jh|àjhd vkgavo rvaevhook `jnd{lk~ h

naoo`|okj| |a lvhg| h Nyknm |vhj~rav| rad`np gav |mk rkvàl 628*;* Oalkvj`~h|àj ag r{fd n hlo`j`~|vh|àj

Kw`lkjnk>6

~{eek~|~ |mh| |mkvk `~ ~|`dd hordk vaao gav òrvaw`je |mk kgg`n`kjnp ag r{fd`nhlo`j`~|vh|àj$ lk~r`|k vknkj| òrvawkokj|~ `j ~aok hvkh~* Ckp rvafdko~ mèmdèm|kl `j ohjp

~{vwkp~ hjl vkrav|~ `jnd{lk k}nk~~`wk f{vkh{nvhnp$ navv{r|àj$ dau kjgavnkhf`d`|p ag dhu$

gvkx{kj| nmhjek~ `j |mk dkehd gvhokuavc hjl `jkgg`n`kj| r{fd`n ~rkjl`je* Mèm ~|hgg |{vjawkv `~

ajk ag |mk oh`j m{vldk~ gav h||h`j`je ~|hf`d`|p hjl kggkn|`wk r{fd`n hlo`j`~|vh|àj*

\mk 6288 vknaookjlh|àj aj r{fd`n hlo`j`~|vh|àj ~rkn`g`nhddp okj|àjkl |mk jkkl |a ~rkkl {r

òrdkokj|h|àj ag |mk eawkvjokj|~ hj|`/navv{r|àj ~|vh|kep* Awkvhdd$ |mkvk mh~ fkkj ~aok

rvaevk~~ `j |m`~ vk~rkn|* @j rhv|`n{dhv$ |mk eawkvjokj| hlar|kl h lvhg| dhu rvara~hd aj u`lkj`je

|mk ~{rkvw`~àj ag |mk ^{rvkok H{l`| Agg`nk |a o{j`n`rhd`|`k~ hjl ~|h|k/aujkl kj|kvrv`~k~$ hj

hokjlokj| |a |mk Rkjhd Nalk av h jku dhu aj g`jhjn`hd ~{rkvw`~àj `j r{fd`n hlo`j`~|vh|àj*

\mk hlar|àj ag hj hokjlkl R{fd`n Rvan{vkokj| Hn| -`j gavnk ~`jnk Hrv`d 6286) mh~ fkkj |mk

oh`j hnm`kwkokj| ag |mk ~|vh|kep `j |mk rh~| pkhv* @| `jnd{lk~ oal`g`nh|àj~ |mh| ~ma{dl vk~{d| `jevkh|kv |vhj~rhvkjnp hjl vkl{nk |mk ~nark gav navv{r|àj* Jkwkv|mkdk~~$ rvarkv kjgavnkokj| hjl

òrdkokj|h|àj u`dd fk nv{n`hd gav |mk nvkl`f`d`|p hjl kggkn|`wkjk~~ ag |mk r{fd`n rvan{vkokj|

vkgavo* @| `~ |mkvkgavk jknk~~hvp |a r{| `j rdhnk hrrvarv`h|k oaj`|av`je oknmhj`~o~ |a vkw`ku

rvaevk~~$ faa~| |mk hlo`j`~|vh|`wk nhrhn`|p ag |mk Agg`nk gav Rva|kn|àj ag Naork|`|àj hjl ~k|

ndkhv lkhld`jk~ gav `|~ lkn`~àj~*

Rvaevk~~ aj a|mkv `~~{k~ a{|d`jkl `j |mk 6288 vknaookjlh|àj aj r{fd`n hlo`j`~|vh|àj mh~

fkkj vh|mkv dò`|kl* Hlar|àj ag |mk R{fd`n ^kvwhj|~ Hn|$ um`nm `~ h nv{n`hd rvkvkx{`~`|k gav h

~|hfdk$ oavk |vhj~rhvkj| hjl rvagk~~àjhd r{fd`n ~kvw`nk$ mh~ fkkj ra~|rajkl j{okva{~ |òk~$

mhw`je h ~èj`g`nhj|dp jkeh|`wk òrhn| aj |mk òrdkokj|h|àj ag |mk K[ G{jl~ `j |mk Nyknm

Vkr{fd`n* H jku lvhg| hn| ~ma{dl fk rvk~kj|kl |a |mk eawkvjokj| `j ^kr|kofkv 6286 f{| `|~

kj|vp `j|a gavnk `~ ja| gavk~kkj fkgavk 628 mèmdèm|kl `j |mk 6288 vknaookjlh|àj aj r{fd`n

hlo`j`~|vh|àj mh~ ja| fkkj g{ddp hllvk~~kl pk|* \mk k}`~|kjnk ag hjajpoa{~ ~mhvk~ uh~

`lkj|`g`kl h~ kjna{vhe`je navv{r|àj hjl dkhl`je |a najgd`n|~ ag `j|kvk~| `j |kjlkv`je rvankl{vk~$

hd~a `j vkdh|àj |a {~k ag |mk K[ G{jl~* Hfad`|àj ag hjajpoa{~ ~mhvk~ uh~ avè`jhddp

>6 \mk LE VKE@A ~|{lp X{hd`|p ag eawkvjokj| `j K[ Okofkv ^|h|k~ hjl vkeàj~ -6282) ndh~~`g`k~ |mk Nyknm

Vkr{fd`n `j |mk eva{r ag Okofkv ^|h|k~ u`|m |mk dauk~| x{hd`|p ag eawkvjhjnk* \mk na{j|vp vhjc~ ;5|m `j |mkNavv{r|àj Rkvnkr|àj @jlk} r{fd ~mkl fp \vhj~rhvkjnp @j|kvjh|àjhd hjl 76jl `j |mk La`je F{~`jk~~ vkrav|

r{fd`~mkl fp |mk Uavdl Fhjc* \mk UKG Edafhd Naork|`|`wkjk~~ Vkrav| 6288/6286 hd~a ndh~~`g`k~ |mk NyknmVkr{fd`n h~ ajk ag |mk uav~| rkvgavokv~ u`|m vk~rkn| |a `vvke{dhv rhpokj|~ hjl fv`fk~*>>\mk Nyknm Vkr{fd`n `~ ajk ag |mk gku na{j|v`k~ `j |mk uavdl hddau`je h {j`x{k |prk ag naorhjp aujkv~m`r hjajpoa{~ ~mhvk~ `j rhrkv gavo* Aujkv~m`r ag naorhj`k~ `~~{`je hjajpoa{~ ~mhvk~ `~ ag|kj ja| g{ddp

|vhj~rhvkj| um`nm ra~k~ h rvafdko j r{fd`n rvan{vkokj| rvankl{vk~*

68


22/36

~nmkl{dkl `j 6286 f{| uh~ ja| hrrvawkl fp |mk Nyknm Rhvd`hokj|* H jku hn| n{vvkj|dp fk`je

rvkrhvkl |a `jnvkh~k |mk |vhj~rhvkjnp ag dkehd kj|`|`k~ `~ k}rkn|kl |a kj|kv `j|a gavnk `j 628> h|

|mk khvd`k~|* H |vhj~`|àj rkvàl u`dd fk rvaw`lkl gav naorhj`k~ |a vke`~|kv hdd a{|~|hjl`je ~mhvk~

{j|`d 628;* âok ~|kr~ mhwk fkkj |hckj |a kdò`jh|k |mk

o`jò{o nhr`|hd vkx{`vkokj|~ hjl |a ~òrd`gp vke`~|vh|àj rvankl{vk~ f{| hnm`kw`je |mk |hvek|ag |mvkk lhp~ gav |mk ~|hv|/{r |òk fp 6286$ h~ ~k| fp |mk Naork|`|`wkjk~~ Na{jn`d `j Ohp 6288$

`~ mèmdp {jd`ckdp* @j hll`|àj$ |mk Nyknm Vkr{fd`n ~navk~ fhldp aj rhpokj| n{d|{vk >7-`*k* daje

rhpokj| |òk~$ lkdhp~ j rhpokj|~ `j fa|m |mk r{fd n hjl rv`wh|k ~kn|av~ hjl mèm rhpokj|

da~~k~)* \mk Dh|k Rhpokj| L`vkn|`wk$ um`nm hò~ |a òrvawk |mk rhpokj| ~`|{h|àj `j |mk K[$ `~

n{vvkj|dp fk`je |vhj~ra~kl `j|a Nyknm dke`~dh|àj hjl ~ma{dl kj|kv `j|a gavnk `j 628>*

Hll`|àjhd vk~|v`n|àj~ vkoh`j `j |mk gavo ag ~rkn`g`n dkehd gavo vkx{`vkokj|~ gav dhupkv~$

~mhvkmadl`je vkx{`vkokj|~ gav kje`jkkv~ hjl hvnm`|kn|~ hjl h{|mav`~h|àj vkx{`vkokj|~ gav

`jnao`je ~kvw`nk rvaw`lkv~ ~{nm h~ |h} hlw`~kv~ hjl dhjl ~{vwkpav~*

>< \mk 6286 La`je F{~`jk~~ vkrav| `~~{kl fp |mk Uavdl Fhjc vhjc~ |mk Nyknm Vkr{fd`n 66jl `j |mk K[ u`|mvk~rkn| |a kjgavn`je naj|vhn|~$ u`|m vk~ad{|àj ag hj hwkvhek naookvn`hd l`~r{|k |hc`je 788 lhp~*>; Gav g{v|mkv `jgavoh| aj9 ~kk m||r9!!kn*k{varh*k{!kj|kvrv`~k!rad`n`k~!~ok!f{~`jk~~/kjw`vajokj|!~|hv|/{r/rvankl{vk~!rvaevk~~/6288!`jlk}Qkj*m|o>7 \mk Nyknm Vkr{fd`n ~navk~ hoaje |mk uav~|/rkvgavo`je na{j|v`k~ `j |mk 6288 K{varkhj Rhpokj| @jlk}*Hwkvhek lkdhp~ `j rhpokj|~ fp fa|m |mk r{fd`n hjl rv`wh|k ~kn|av~ `jnvkh~kl gvao 82 |a 8> lhp~ `j 6282 |a 8; |a

85 lhp~ `j 6288*

66
http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/sme/business-environment/start-up-procedures/progress-2011/index_en.htmhttp://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/sme/business-environment/start-up-procedures/progress-2011/index_en.htmhttp://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/sme/business-environment/start-up-procedures/progress-2011/index_en.htmhttp://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/sme/business-environment/start-up-procedures/progress-2011/index_en.htm


23/36

fp oavk ~rkn`g`n okh~{vk~3 ~{fikn| |a|m`~$ hwa`l n{||`je k}rkjl`|{vk aj evau|m/kjmhjn`je

`|ko~* @orvawk |mk kgg`n`kjnp ag r{fd`n jwk~|okj|~$ hjlnaj|`j{k kggav|~ |a k}rda`| |mk hwh`dhfdk ~rhnk gav

`jnvkh~k~ `j `jl`vkn| |h} vkwkj{k |a ~m`g| |h}k~ huhp gvaodhfa{v$ òrvawk |h} naord`hjnk hjl vkl{nk |h} kwh~àj*

Kj~{vk hj hwkvhek g`~nhd kggav| awkv |mk rkvàl 6282/628> ag 8+ ag ELR$ `j d`jk u`|m |mk Na{jn`d

vknaookjlh|àj~ aj navvkn|`je |mk k}nk~~`wk lkg`n`|$um`nm u`dd hddau okk|`je |mk KLR lkhld`jk u`|m h

~{gg`n`kj| ohve`j j 628>*

U`|m vk~rkn| |a |mk rhv| ag |mk vknaookjlh|àjvkdh|`je ~rkn`g`nhddp |a 6288 hjl 6286$ |mk Nyknm

h{|mav`|`k~ mhwk hlar|kl hjl òrdkokj|kl hdd |mkrdhjjkl naj~ad`lh|àj okh~{vk~* \mk okh~{vk~rdhjjkl `j 628> aj |mk vkwkj{k ~`lk hvk ~{gg`n`kj|dp

~rkn`g`n hjl x{hj|`g`kl* âok okh~{vk~ aj |mkk}rkjl`|{vk ~`lk |hck |mk gavo ag hnva~~/|mk/fahvl

n{|~ `j |mk nkj|vhd eawkvjokj| f{lek|* \mk~k u`ddjknk~~hv`dp hd~a hggkn| evau|m/kjmhjn`je

k}rkjl`|{vk `|ko~ ~{nm h~ kl{nh|àj* @j hll`|àj$ |mk~èj`g`nhj| lvar `j r{fd`n `jwk~|okj| `j |mk dh~| |ua

pkhv~ d`cku`~k hrrkhv~ |a o`d`|h|k heh`j~| rva|kn|`jeevau|m/kjmhjn`je k}rkjl`|{vk* \mk Nyknm

h{|mav`|`k~ hvk na{j|`je aj |mk ~èj`g`nhj|òrvawkokj|~ `j |mk kgg`n`kjnp ag r{fd`n

`jwk~|okj|~ um`nm ~ma{dl ~|ko gvao |mk vkgavo agr{fd`n hlo`j`~|vh|àj hjl |mk nmhjek~ `j |mk r{fd`n

rvan{vkokj| dhu* Maukwkv$ |mk f{lek|kl ~hw`je~u`dd lkrkjl nv{n`hddp aj |mk hn|{hd òrdkokj|h|àj

ag |mk vkgavo~$ g{dd lk|h`d~ ag um`nm hvk ja| g{ddp~rkn`g`kl j |mk najwkvekjnk rvaevhook*Najnkvj`je |h}h|àj$ `j |mk h{|{oj |mk h{|mav`|`k~

hrrvawkl hj `jnvkh~k `j |mk vkl{nkl WH\ vh|k$ hj`jnvkh~k `j k}n`~k l{|`k~ aj |afhnna hjl h jku |h}

aj da||kvp naorhj`k~$ hdd u`|m kggkn| gvao 8 Ihj{hvp

6286* ^èj`g`nhj| nmhjek~ |a |mk |h} ~p~|ko hvkrdhjjkl awkv |mk rkvàl 628>/628;* Jkwkv|mkdk~~$

~kwkvhd `~~{k~ |mh| dò`| |mk kgg`n`kjnp hjl kx{`|p ag|mk n{vvkj| |h} ~p~|ko mhwk ja| fkkj hllvk~~kl g{ddp*

U`|m vk~rkn| |a |mk |h} naord`hjnk `~~{k$ |mkeawkvjokj| hlar|kl rdhj~ gav |mk rvaevk~~`wk

k~|hfd`~mokj| ag h ~`jedk naddkn|àj ra`j| gav r{fd`nvkwkj{k* \m`~$ |aek|mkv u`|m jku okh~{vk~

`j|val{nkl l{v`je 6288 |a naofh| gvh{l `j WH\ hjlg{kd |h}k~$ u`dd mhwk h ra~`|`wk kggkn| aj |h}

naord`hjnk* Maukwkv$ g{v|mkv kggav|~ u`dd fk jkklkl*\mk hwkvhek hjj{hd g`~nhd kggav| awkv |mk rkvàl

6282/628> fh~kl aj |mk vknhdn{dh|kl ~|v{n|{vhdfhdhjnk hll~ {r |a 2*0+$ um`nm `~ ~dèm|dp fkdau |mk

vknaookjlkl ~|v{n|{vhd kggav| ag 8+*

N^V 69 @ordkokj| |mk rdhjjkl rkj~àj vkgavo j avlkv|a òrvawk |mk daje/|kvo ~{~|h`jhf`d`|p ag r{fd`ng`jhjnk~ hjl |a kj~{vk |mk g{|{vk hlkx{hnp ag rkj~àj~*

Hll`|àjhd kggav|~ ~ma{dl gan{~ aj g{v|mkv nmhjek~ |a |mkr{fd`n r`ddhv |a kj~{vk |mh| |mk ~p~|ko `~ ja| h ~a{vnk ag

g`~nhd òfhdhjnk~ `j |mk g{|{vk$ hjl aj |mk lkwkdarokj|ag rv`wh|k ~hw`je~* U`|m h w`ku |a vh`~`je |mk kggkn|`wk

vk|`vkokj| hek$ okh~{vk~ ~{nm h~ h d`jc fk|ukkj |mk

~|h|{|avp vk|`vkokj| hek hjl d`gk k}rkn|hjnp na{dl fknaj~`lkvkl* Kj~{vk |mh| |mk kjw`~hekl g{jlkl ~nmkok

h||vhn|~ fvahl rhv|`n`rh|àj$ hjl `~ lk~èjkl |a ckkr

hlo`j`~|vh|`wk na~|~ |vhj~rhvkj| hjl dau*

\mk N^V mh~ fkkj rhv|dp òrdkokj|kl* \mkeawkvjokj| mh~ òrdkokj|kl h vkgavo ag |mk r{fd`nrkj~àj ~p~|ko$ u`|m |mk hò ag vk~|av`je g`~nhd

~{~|h`jhf`d`|p hjl vh`~`je vk|`vkokj| ~hw`je~*Maukwkv$ |mk rvaikn|kl g`~nhd òfhdhjnk~ `j |mk

rkj~àj ~p~|ko hvk ~|`dd mèm -vkdh|`wk |a |mk K[hwkvhek) hjl hj k}rd`n`| d`jc fk|ukkj |mk vk|`vkokj|

hek hjl d`gk k}rkn|hjnp uh~ ja| `jnd{lkl `j |mk

vkgavo*H vkgavo `j|val{n`je h jku g{ddp g{jlkl rkj~àj

~nmkok uh~ hrrvawkl `j 6288$ |aek|mkv u`|m hj

awkvmh{d ag |mk k}`~|`je rkj~àj ~hw`je~ ~nmkok*Fa|m vkgavo~ hvk rdhjjkl |a fk òrdkokj|kl gvao

628>* \mk~k vkgavo~ hvk vkdkwhj| vk~raj~k~ |a |mkjkkl |a kj~{vk hlkx{h|k rkj~àj~ `j |mk g{|{vk f{|

|mk`v kggkn|`wkjk~~ `~ dò`|kl fp |mk dhnc ag okh~{vk~

6>


24/36

|a ~|ò{dh|k rhv|`n`rh|àj `j |mk jku ~nmkok hjl`jhlkx{h|k e{`lhjnk gav ~hwkv~ |a `jwk~| `j ~|vh|ke`k~

u`|m h ~{gg`n`kj|dp mèm hwkvhek vk|{vj* Oavkawkv$|mk jku khvdp vk|`vkokj| ~nmkok rvara~kl fp |mk

eawkvjokj| {jlkvo`jk~ |mk nvkl`f`d`|p hjl hof`|àjag |mk~k vkgavo~*

N^V >9 Kjmhjnk rhv|`n`rh|àj `j |mk dhfa{v ohvck| fp

vkl{n`je |mk fhvv`kv~ gav rhvkj|~ u`|m pa{je nm`dlvkj |avk/kj|kv |mk dhfa{v ohvck| |mva{em `jnvkh~kl hwh`dhf`d`|pag hjl hnnk~~ |a hggavlhfdk nm`dlnhvk ghn`d`|`k~* @jnvkh~k

|mk h||vhn|`wkjk~~ hjl hwh`dhf`d`|p ag oavk gdk}`fdk gavo~ag uavc`je hvvhjekokj|~$ ~{nm h~ rhv|/|òk iaf~*

\mk N^V mh~ fkkj rhv|dp òrdkokj|kl* Hj khvd`kv

vk|{vj gvao rhvkj|hd dkhwk hjl u`lkv ~rvkhl ag rhv|/|òk iaf~ `~ naj|`jekj| aj evkh|kv hwh`dhf`d`|p agnm`dlnhvk$ k~rkn`hddp gav nm`dlvkj fkdau |mk hek ag

|mvkk* @j |m`~ vkehvl$ |mk eawkvjokj| kh~kl |mk|knmj`nhd vkx{`vkokj|~ gav ~k||`je {r naorhjp/fh~kl

c`jlkvehv|kj~ hjl kjw`~hek~ rvaw`l`je |h} `jnkj|`wk~gav h evkh|kv |hck/{r ag jku gavo~ ag rv`wh|k

nm`dlnhvk* Maukwkv$ |mk òrhn| ag |mk~k okh~{vk~ `~d`ckdp |a fk dò`|kl |a rkv~aj~ k`|mkv kordapkl u`|m

dhvek kj|kvrv`~k~ hjl!av aj hfawk/hwkvhek ~hdhv`k~*

N^V


25/36

hjajpoa{~ ~mhvk~ uh~ avè`jhddp ~nmkl{dkl `j 6286f{| uh~ ja| hrrvawkl fp Rhvd`hokj|* H jku hn|

n{vvkj|dp fk`je rvkrhvkl |a `jnvkh~k |mk |vhj~rhvkjnpag dkehd kj|`|`k~ `~ k}rkn|kl |a kj|kv `j|a gavnk fp

628> h| |mk khvd`k~|*

N^V 79 K~|hfd`~m h |vhj~rhvkj| ~p~|ko ag x{hd`|p

kwhd{h|àj ag hnhlko`n `j~|`|{|àj~ hjl d`jc `| |a `|~

g{jl`je `j avlkv |a òrvawk |mk rkvgavohjnk ag |kv|`hvpkl{nh|àj*

\mk N^V mh~ fkkj rhv|dp òrdkokj|kl* \mk

eawkvjokj| mh~ `j|val{nkl h ~k| ag x{hd`|p `jl`nh|av~

f{| `|~ d`jc |a g{jl`je `~ gh`vdp daa~k hjl |mkvk `~ jandkhv kw`lkjnk |mh| `| mh~ hj òrhn| aj òrvaw`je |mkx{hd`|p ag a{|r{|*

\mk eawkvjokj| mh~ hd~a rvara~kl jku okh~{vk~|mh| hvk vkdkwhj| |a òrvaw`je |mk rkvgavohjnk ag

mèmkv kl{nh|àj `j~|`|{|àj~* \mk rvara~hd `~$maukwkv$ whe{k aj |mk ckp `~~{k ag x{hd`|p

kwhd{h|àj ~|hjlhvl~ hjl$ e`wkj |mk hf~kjnk ag~p~|koh|`n lh|h naddkn|àj hjl hjhdp~`~$ dhnc~ |mk

~{rrav| ag |mk hnhlko`n naoo{j |p* Ja okh~{vk~mhwk fkkj hlar|kl pk|*

K{vark 6262 -jh|àjhd |hvek|~ hjl rvaevk~~)

Kordapokj| vh|k |hvek|9 5;+

\mk kordapokj| vh|k vkhnmkl 52*0+ `j 6220$

52*


26/36

;* HJJK]

\hfdk @* Ohnva/knajao`n jl`nh|av~

800;/

8000

6222/

622

Navk `jl`nh|av~

ELR evau|m vh|k 6*6 >*7 ;*5 /*8 /6*8 *6 2*7 8*6 6*8 >*> 6*6

Laok~|`n lkohjl -hjj{hd + nmhjek) 6*7 >*;

;*; =*2 7*6 7*5 5*> 7*5 5*6 5*6

Eva~~ g`}kl nhr |hd gavoh|àj -+ ag ELR) 60*0 65*; 67*> 6*7 6>*5

Eva~~ jh|àjhd ~ hw`je -+ ag ELR) 67*5 6>*0 6;*8 62*5 62*5 62*0 62*5 62*5

Ekjkvhd eawkvjokj| -+ ag ELR)

Jk| dkjl je -#) av jk| favvau je -/) /;*7 /;*8 /6*8 /;*= /*8 /6*0 /6*7

Eva~~ lkf| 8>*= 6;*> 6=*> >=*8 0*= >0*5 >0*8 >0*> 8*0 >8*5 >8*7 >8*5 >8*7

Jk| rvarkv|p `jnaok *= >*5 >*; >*6 >*6 >*< >* 80*6

Eva~~ ~hw`je 7*= ;*; ;*< 7*2 ;*= ;*2 ;*2 *= / /6*> /8*; /8*6 /8*>

Jk| g`jhjn`hd h~~k|~ >*7 87*< 60*7 >=*; j*h j*h j*hJk| k}rav|~ ag eaal~ hjl ~kvw`nk~ /6*0 /8*2 6*5 *6 /;*> /7*5 /7*5 /7*= /7*0 /5*8

Jk| nhr`|hd |vhj~hn|àj~ 2*2 2*> 2*< 6*8 6*8 6*2 6*2 8*0

\vhlhfdk ~kn|av ;;*0 >7*< >0*8 >0*> >=*5 j*h j*h

ag um`nm9 F{`dl`je hjl naj~|v{n|àj ~kn|av 5*2 7*2 7*8 7*< 7*; 7*2 j*h j*h

Vkhd kggkn|`wk k}nmhjek vh|k -`jlk}$ 6222?822) 06*; 885*0 8 876*; 8;0*8 8;=*5

\kvo~ ag |vhlk j eaal~ hjl ~kvw`nk~ -`jlk}$ 6222?822) 826*2 82>*8 822*> 822*; 05*0 0;*5 0;*> 05*7 8*0 8;8*5 8;

Naoo`~~àj ~rv`je 6286 gavknh~|

6\mk `jl`nh|av gav laok~|`n lkohjl `jnd{lk~ ~|anc~*>[jkordapkl rkv~aj~ hvk hdd rkv~aj~ uma ukvk ja| kordapkl$ mhl hn|`wkdp ~a{em| uavc hjl ukvk vkhlp |a fke`j uavc`je òokl`h|kdp av u`|m`j |ua ukkc~*

\mk dhfa{v gavnk `~ |mk |a|hd j{ofkv ag rkardk kordapkl hjl {jkordapkl* \mk {jkordapokj| vh|k nawkv~ |mk hek eva{r 8;/5


27/36

628< 628;

NAO NR NAO NR NAO NR NR NR

Vkhd ELR -+ nmhjek) 8*5 8*5 2*2 2*6 8*; 8*> 6*6 6*=

Rv`wh|k naj~{or|àj -+ nmhjek) /2*; /2*; /2*< /2*< 2*; 2*6 6*2 6*=

Eva~~ g`}kl nhr |hd gavoh|àj -+ nmhjek) /8*6 /8*6 2*2 /2*; 6*8 6*8 6*= >*6

K}rav|~ ag eaal~ hjl ~kvw`nk~ -+ nmhjek) 88*2 88*2 >*7 >*6 ;*5 >*5 2*2 2*2 2*6 2*6

/ Jk| k}rav|~ 6*7 6*7 2*0 8*2 2*5 2*= 2*= 2*;

A{|r{| ehr8 /2*= /2*= /6*8 /8*= /6*6 /8*0 /8*7 /2*=

Kordapokj| -+ nmhjek) 2*> 2*> /2*8 /2*> 2*6 2*8 2*6 2* 8*6 6*2 6*;

M@NR `jgdh|àj -+) 6*8 6*8 >*> >*; 6*6 6*> 8*0 6*8

ELR lkgdh|av -+ nmhjek) /2*5 /2*5 8*0 6*2 8*8 8*< 8*< 8*;

Naor* ag kordapkk~ -rkv mkhl$ + nmhjek) 8*7 8*7 6*2 6*; 6*8 6*0 >*7 /2*0 /2*= /2*=

â{vnk9

Ja|k9

Naoo`~~àj ~rv`je 6286 gavknh~|~ -NAO)3 Najwkvekjnk rvaevhook -NR)*

6288 6286 628>

8@j rkv nkj| ag ra|kj|`hd ELR$ u`|m ra|kj|`hd ELR evau|m hnnavl`je |a |mk rvaevhook h~ vknhdn{dh|kl fp |mk Naoo`~~àj*

65


28/36

\hfdk @@@* Naora~`|àj ag |mk f{lek|hvp hli{~|okj|

6288 628< 628; Nmhjek9

6288/628;

NAO NAO NR NAO NR NR NR NR

Vkwkj{k *; >*; >*0 *= 2*7

/ @j|kvk~| k}rkjl |{vk 8*< 8*< 8*; 8*; 8*7 8*5 8*= 2**8 /6*0 />*2 /6*7 /6*0 /8*0 /2*0 6*6

Rvòhvp fhdhjnk /8*5 /8*< /8*; /8*8 /8*> /2*8 2*= 6*;

Ajk/agg hjl a|mkv |koravhvp okh~{vk~ /2*6 /2*> /2*> 2*2 /2*8 2*2 2*2 2*6

EEF k}nd* ajk/agg~ /6*0 /6*7 /6*5 /6*7 /6*= /8*0 /2*0 6*2

A{|r{| ehr6

/2*= /6*8 /8*= /6*6 /8*0 /8*7 /2*= 2*2

Npnd`nhddp hli{~|kl fhdhjnk6

/6*= /6*8 /6*> /8*= /6*6 /8*> /2*7 6*6

^|v{n|{vhd fhdhjnk>

/6*7 /8*= /6*2 /8*= /6*8 /8*> /2*7 6*2

Nmhjek `j ~|v{n|{vhd fhdhjnk 2*= 2*7 2*2 2*2 2*= 2*5

^|v{n|{vhd rvòhvp fhdhjnk>

/8*6 /2*< /2*; /2*> /2*; 2*< 8*6 6**67 /8*6; /8*5> /6*>= 2*8= /

Vkgkvkjnk vh|k;$7

6* 6* 6* 6* 6* 6* /

Daukv vkgkvkjnk vh|k;$5

8*6; 8*6; 8*6; 8*6; 8*6; 8*6; /

Lkw`h|àj j + ag ELR

gvao hrrd`nhfdk vkgkvkjnk vh|k

/8*78 /8*=; /8*2< /8*62 /8* /8*;6 /8*>8 /2*08 /

7\mk -~|hjlhvl) vkgkvkjnk vh|k hrr d k~ ~| hv|`je j |mk pkhv gaddau`je |mk ajk j um`nm |mk na{j|vp vkhnmk~ |~ O\A*

628>

-+ ag ELR)

6286

â{vnk 9

Najwkvekjnk rvaevhook -NR)3 Naoo`~~àj ~rv`je 6286 gavknh~|~ -NAO)3 Naoo`~~àj nhdn{dh| aj~*

5\mk daukv vkgkvkjnk vh|k hrr d`k~ h~ daje h~ |mk na{j|vp ~ hli{~|`je |auhvl~ |~ O\ A$ jnd{l je |mk pkhv j um`nm | vkhnmk~ |mk O \A*

;\mk vkgkvkjnk vh|k~ hrrd`nhfdk |a 628< ajuhvl~ u`dd fk hwh`dhfdk gvao o`l/6286* Gav `dd{~|vh|`wk r{vra~k~$ |mk n{vvkj| vkgkvkjnk vh|k~ mhwk

hd~a fkkj hrr d`kl |a | mk pkhv~ 628< ajuhvl~*

6A{|r{| ehr -`j + ag ra|kj|`hd ELR) hjl npnd`nhddp hli{~|kl fhdhjnk hnnavl`je |a |mk rvaevhook h~ vknhdn{dh|kl fp |mk Naoo`~~àj aj |mk

fh~`~ ag |mk jgavoh|àj `j |mk rvaevhook*>^|v{n|{vhd -rvòhvp) fhdhjnk ? npnd`nhddp hli{~|kl -rvòhvp) fhdhjnk k}nd{l`je ajk/agg hjl a|mkv |koravhvp okh~{vk~*

8*; /2*6 /2*8

Rv`wh|`~h|àj 2*2 2*2 2*2 2*2

Whd* ' vk~`l{hd kggkn|~ 2*2 2*2 2*2 2*2

Ja|k~98Kjl ag rkvàl*

6286 628>Hwkvhek

6227/82

â{vnk9

Najwkvekjnk rvaevhook -NR)3 Naoo`~~àj ~rv`je 6286 gavknh~|~ -NAO)3 Naoo`~~àj nhdn{dh| aj~*

6288

6\mk ~jaufhdd kggkn| nhr|{vk~ | mk orhn| ag j|kvk~| k}rkjl`|{vk aj hnn{o{dh|kl lkf|$ h~ ukdd h~ |mk orhn| ag vkhd ELR

evau|m hjl `jgdh|àj aj |mk lkf| vh|à -|mva{em |mk lkjao`jh|av)* \mk ~|anc/gdau hli{~|okj| `jnd{lk~ l`ggkvkjnk~ `j nh~m

hjl hnnv{hd hnna{j|`je$ |mk hnn{o{dh|àj ag g`jhjn`hd h~~k|~$ hjl whd{h|àj hjl a|mkv vk~`l{hd kggkn|~*

-+ ag ELR)

60


30/36

\hfdk W* ^{~|h`jhf`d`|p `jl`nh|av~

Ja rad`np

nmhjek

~nkjhvà

^NR~

~nkjhvà

Ja rad`np

nmhjek

~nkjhvà

^NR~

~nkjhvà

^6 *< 6*0 2*5

ag um`nm9

@j`|`hd f{lek|hvp ra~`|àj -@FR) 8*8 /2*; 2*5 /8*7

Daje/|kvo nmhjek j |mk rvòhvp fhdhjnk -D\N) >*= >*0 6*> 6* 2*> /2*> /2*>

^8 -vkx{`vkl hli{~|okj|) 2*< /8*; 6*6 /2*8

Lkf|$ + ag ELR -6288)

Hek/vkdh|kl k}rkjl`|{vk$ + ag ELR -6288)

NY K[65

* \mk ^NR~

~nkjhvà lkr`n|~ |mk ~{~|h`jhf`d`|p ehr {jlkv |mk h~~{or|àj |mh| |mk f{lek|hvp rdhj~ `j |mk

rvaevhook hvk g{ddp òrdkokj|kl

) \mk vkx{`vkl hli{~|okj| ag |mk rvòhvp fhdhjnk {j|`d 6262 |a vkhnm h r{fd`n lkf| ag 72+ ag

ELR fp 62>2*

Evhrm @* Okl`{o/|kvo lkf| rvaikn|àj

2

82

62

>2


31/36

6228 622; 6225 622= 6220 6282

\a|hd |h} vkwkj{k~ -`jnd* hn|{hd naor{d~avp ~an`hd naj|v`f{|àj~$ + ag ELR) >>*5 >;*5 >;*0 >>*7 >>*=

Fvkhclauj fp knajao`n g{jn|àj -+ ag ELR)8

Naj~{or|àj 0*= 82*= 82*; 82*> 82*0 82*0

ag um`nm9

/ WH\ 7*8 7*0 7*> 7*= 7*0 5*2

/ k}n`~k l{|`k~ aj |afhnna hjl hdnamad 8*2 8*6 8*5 8*8 8*< 8* 2*> 2*> 2*> 2*>

Dhfa{v kordapkl 87*< 85*6 85*6 87*= 8;*5 87*>

Dhfa{v jaj/kordapkl 8*6 8*8 8*> 8*6 8*> 8*8


32/36

\hfdk W@@* G`jhjn`hd ohvck| `jl`nh|av~

6225 622= 6220 6282 6288

\a|hd h~~k|~ ag |mk fhjc`je ~kn|av -+ ag ELR) 82=*2 828*= 88 8

/ vk|{vj aj kx{`|p -+)8)$ >) 62*= 8;*8 6*> 0*6 6**5

Dahj |a lkra~ | vh|`a 58*7 55*2 5


33/36

\hfdk W@@@* Dhfa{v ohvck| hjl ~an`hd `jl`nh|av~

Dhfa{v ohvck| `jl`nh|av~ 6227 6225 622= 6220 6282 6288

Kordapokj| vh|k

-+ ag rar{dh|àj hekl 62/7 8*0 8*7 /8*< /8*2 2**;

Jao`jhd {j`| dhfa{v na~| evau|m -hjj{hd +

nmhjek)

2*< 6*7 >*< 6*< /2*5 2*6

Vkhd {j | dhfa{v na~| evau|m -hjj{hd + nmhjek) /2*8 /2*5 8*; 2*; 8*2 2*0

8Hnnavl`je |a @DA lkg`j`|àj$ hek eva{r 8;/5 JKK\ hvk rkv~aj~ |mh| hvk jk`|mkv `j kordapokj| jav `j hjp kl{nh|àj av |vh`j`je*

â{vnk~9

Naoo`~~àj -K[ Dhfa{v Gavnk ^{vwkp hjl K{varkhj Jh|àjhd Hnna{j|~)

\hfdk W@@@* Dhfa{v ohvck| hjl ~an`hd `jl`nh|av~ -naj|`j{kl)

>>


34/36

K}rkjl`|{vk aj ~an`hd rva|kn|àj

fkjkg`|~ -+ ag ELR)622; 6227 6225 622= 6220

^`ncjk~~!Mkhd|m nhvk 7*67 ;*07 ;*== ;*50 7*= 8*8 =*>2

Gho dp!Nm dlvkj 8*>< 8*>8 8*78 8*>0 8* 2*;7 2*72 2*78 8*2;Ma{~`je hjl an`hd k}nd{~àj j*k*n* 2*2= 2*25 2*27 2*27 2*2=

\a|hd 8=*< 8=*2 8=*2 8=*2 62*5 2*>;

ân`hd `jnd{~àj `jl`nh|av~ 6227 6225 622= 6220 6282

V`~c/ag/rawkv|p av k}nd{~àj8

-+ ag |a|hd

rar{dh|àj)8=*2 8;*= 8;*> 8

^kwkvk oh|kv`hd lkrv wh| àj>

-+ ag |a|hd

rar{dh|àj)0*7 5*< 7*= 7*8 7*6

^mhvk ag rkardk d`w`je `j dau uavc `j|kj~`|p

ma{~kmadl~*> >*7 >*6 >*5

â{vnk~9

Gav k}rkjl`|{vk aj ~an`hd rva|kn|àj fkjkg`|~ K^^RVA^3 gav ~an`hd `jnd{~àj K[/^@DN*

Ja|k~ 9

8 Rkardk h| v`~c ag rawkv|p av ~an`hd k}nd{~àj -HVARK)9 jl`w l{hd~ uma hvk h| v`~c ag r awkv|p -HVAR)

hjl!av ~{ggkv`je gvao ~kwkvk oh|kv`hd lkrv`wh|àj -ÔL) hjl!av d`w`je `j ma{~kmadl~ u`|m ykva av wkvp dau

uavc `j|kj~`|p -DU@)*

6H|/v`~c/ag r awkv|p vh|k9 ~mhvk ag rkardk u`|m hj kx{`whd ~kl l`~ra~hfdk jnaok fkdau 72+ ag |mk jh|àjhd

kx{`whd`~kl okl`hj `jnaok*

>^mhvk ag rkardk uma k}rkv`kjnk h| dkh~| < a{| ag 0 lkrv`wh|àj~9 rkardk nhjja| hggavl |a `) rhp |mk v vkj| av

{|`d`|p f`dd~$ ``) ckkr |mk`v maok hlkx{h|kdp uhvo$ ```) ghnk {jk}rkn|kl k}rkj~k~$ `w) kh| okh|$ g`~m$ av h rva|k`j

kx{`whdkj| kwkvp ~knajl lhp$ w) kjiap h ukkc ag mad`lhp huhp gvao maok ajnk h pkhv$ w`) mhwk h nhv$ w``) mhwk

h uh~m`je ohnm`jk$ w```) mhwk h nada{v \W$ av `}) mhwk h |kdkrmajk*


35/36

Rkvgavohjnk `jl`nh|av~6226/

62276225 622= 6220 6282 6288

Dhfa{v rval{n|`w`|p8

|a|hd knajaop -hjj{hd

evau|m `j +) >*7 2*5 />*; 7*= /7*< 86*0 j*h*

Dhfa{v rval{n|`w |p8 `j kdkn|v`n`|p$ eh~$ uh|kv-hjj{hd evau|m `j +)

5*2 ;*> /7*0 j*h* j*h*

Dhfa{v rval{n|`w |p8

`j |mk naj~|v{n|àj ~kn|av

-hjj{hd evau|m `j +)8*6 2*> /6*7 8*0 /8*5 j*h*

Rh|kj| j|kj~ `|p j ohj{ghn|{v`je6

-rh|kj|~ ag |mk

KRA l`w`lkl fp eva~~ whd{k hllkl ag |mk ~kn|av)2*; 2*7 2*; j*h* j*h* j*h*

Rad`np `jl`nh|av~6226/

62276225 622= 6220 6282 6288

Kjgavn je naj|vhn|~>

-lhp~) j*h* 7;> 7;> 788 788 788

\òk |a ~ |hv| h f{~ `jk~~>

-lhp~) j*h* 85 62 62 62 62

V'L k}rkjl`|{vk -+ ag ELR) 8*> 8*; 8*< 8*; 8*7 j*h*

\kv| hvp kl{nh| àjhd h||h`jokj|

-+ ag >2/>< pkhv~ adl rar{dh|àj)86*= 8>*> 8;*< 85*; 62*< j*h*

\a|hd r{fd`n k}rkjl`|{vk aj kl{nh|àj

-+ ag ELR)75605Q8Q8Q8Q8$22*m|od * \mk dh|k~| hwh`dhfdk rval{n| ohvck|

vke{dh|àj `jl`nh|av~ vkgkv |a 622> hjl 622=$ k}nkr| gav Jk|uavc @jl{~|v`k~*

â{vnk9

Naoo`~~àj$ Uavdl Fhjc /La`je F{~`jk~~ -gav kjgavn je naj|vhn|~ hjl |òk |a ~| hv| h f{~`jk~~) hjl AKNL -gav |mk

rval{n| ohvck| vke{dh|àj jl`nh|av~)*

;

Heevkeh|k K\NV*gè{vk gav 6225*

Ja|k~98Dhfa{v rval{n|`w`|p `~ lkg`jkl h~ eva~~ whd{k hllkl -`j naj~|hj| rv`nk~) l`w`lkl fp |mk j{ofkv ag rkv~aj~ kordapkl*

\hfdk ]* @jl`nh|av~aj evkkj evau|m

>;


36/36

6228/

622;6227 6225 622= 6220 6282

Kjkvep j|kj~ |p ceak ! 2*77 2*;0 2*;; 2*;> 2*;8 2*;>

Nhvfaj j|kj~`|p ce ! 6*25 8*5; 8*75 8*;; 8*;> j*h*

Vk~a{vnk j|kj~`|p -vkn`rvanhd ag vk~a{vnk rval{n|`w`|p) ce ! 6*;= 6*>8 6*66 6*86 6*2> j*h*

Uh~|k j|kj~`|p ce ! j*h* 2*>2 2*6= 2*6= j*h* j*h*

Kjkvep fhdhjnk ag |vhlk + ELR /6*7+ /6*=+ />**;+

Kjkvep ukèm| `j M@NR + 8> 8< 8< 8; 8> 8>

L`ggkvkjnk fk|ukkj nmhjek kjkvep rv`nk hjl jgdh|àj + >*7= 82*< 2*8 5*0 5*0 /8*0

Kjw`vajokj|hd |h}k~ awkv dhfa{v |h}k~ vh|à 8*8+ 8>*6+ 8+ j*h*

Kjw`vajokj|hd |h}k~ awkv |a|hd |h}k~ vh|à 5*>+ 5*2+ 7*5+ 7*0+ 5*6+ j*h*

@jl{~|vp kjkvep j|kj~`|p ceak ! 2*2 2*67 2*66 2*66 j*h*

^mhvk ag kjkvep/`j|kj~`wk jl{~|v`k~ j |mk knajaop + ELR 88 2*60 2*6= j*h*

^mhvk ag vkjkuhfdk kjkvep j kjkvep o`} + >*5+

Date post:	05-Apr-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	pekod409
View:	234 times
Download:	0 times

Doporučení EK pro členské státy

Documents