+ All Categories
Home > Documents > Eötvös Loránd Universityphilosophy.elte.hu/leszabo/Preprints/ortvay_preprint.pdf · 2007. 6....

Eötvös Loránd Universityphilosophy.elte.hu/leszabo/Preprints/ortvay_preprint.pdf · 2007. 6....

Date post: 04-Nov-2020
Category:
Upload: others
View: 0 times
Download: 0 times
Share this document with a friend
16
Transcript
Page 1: Eötvös Loránd Universityphilosophy.elte.hu/leszabo/Preprints/ortvay_preprint.pdf · 2007. 6. 9. · .0/21436587:9=@? 3BAC9 D&EFHGJILKMENI+IPORQSTOVUXWZY\[MYV]TYV^ _`Y8acbdWe_

� ��������� �� ����������� ����������������������������� �! �"��#"��$��%�����!�� �&������������ �������'����(!����*)+ ���,����!� -

.0/21436587:9<;>=@?�3BAC9D&E�FHGJILKMENI+IPORQ�STOVUXWZY\[MYV]TYV^�_`Y8acbdWe_ WefhgjiXkmlnk ojW

ILKLEpIqE4ENarEnbts�k Q�u vtw`Wyx`ojWySTvpUTW�STizEnbts�k Q�u vtw|{MOVk}]hf|{P_�E~_`vti�]}Sm^

���\�����j�|�H���j�����j�X�}�����H�h�j�j�j�h�N���m���|�������h�j�

Page 2: Eötvös Loránd Universityphilosophy.elte.hu/leszabo/Preprints/ortvay_preprint.pdf · 2007. 6. 9. · .0/21436587:9=@? 3BAC9 D&EFHGJILKMENI+IPORQSTOVUXWZY\[MYV]TYV^ _`Y8acbdWe_

�������������� �������� ��

���������������! �"$#&%(')"+*�,.-0/$*�,2123546"+-07$398�:<;=39>?%(*�@BA(-C/$>9D0-0EGFG/+:)"$-&-0"$ECAH-0/+*�,2123946"$-07+358=:I;J3LK>?%(*�-BA(EGF�A'M/+NM3?12O�-0"$EPAQ*�"$R�46"$'MNS39%(TU%V'HAQWX35-0E�RVYI:UEJ35KZ*�"$R�4["$'MNS39AX\5N]TUAQ>5"�^�_`/�'a"+:M"$46/+-=,'S%b;�R�>?:M%�*�Ac/d:eAfE�g�7�'MD&Eh"+>L'S"$>5'C3912OPi�D0*�*jAV'M'M8�>]F)#0R�*�,h46"+>5,J39Ek35-0"+NSl$39A�NM"+-&10:M7$"+NM@m"$-k/+NU'MKTnD0EG^po<7q3?12O�A(7r"+*�,J4H%�:M#0R�7QE�/+sB"d:n'X46R�7+*�8j39-0"$Ntl�3?A(NS"$-&1&:U7+"$NS"$EJ@B"+-u4H%�:UE�/$s0sm"$-v4�w2K>935EG^P^9^9^xoyWX35-0E�RVYI:UEJ35K]'S/$NS@B"+-rAC46"�'MNS39EbAP^5^9^X'S"$#&%('z"+7a"$*�,-0"+4[KZ"+{0EJ>53?12"+:M7$3�*�"+R�46"�'SNM3?A^9^5^�A}|&7+35EVA}'Mg�NS;�/+-J,�"$35'<46"$*�i�R�*=A(>946A�7$8}~�A(*�NSA�-0*�"$K]i�D0*�*�;�/$-J,�"+E=-&"$E6'M"+#&%V'`-0"+4�A��`A�>539>9"$35K'MNtA(-B:U7$i�R�NS46%�l�398V;VA(>G:U7+"$4�@m"$-�E�"+>5>�39-J;VA(NS39%�-&:MA�-&A(E6>9"$-0-&35D0EGF0#BA(-0"+4yA�^5^9^

�����2���(����-0*�"+4�4635-&1035*�39:)-&A�*�,�R�-.i�R�*�>9A�>5E�R�7�'tAV'SR('U'dF&#0R�*�,.463�39:�A(7[AH'M/+N+F�12"[46/$*e35-2KEV%(@0@�F(#0R�*�,`4[30A�7�3?12OB^��)>9;bA�:n'tA(4�3?:�"$7$"+EJNMO�>�s&%�N�10R�>9*�R('d^���7+"$E�-BA(*�,�R�-�-&"$#0/+7�FV4639:M7�'S35EJ{&:i�R�*=A(>94HA(EJ-&A(E�'S�0-0-0"+E:M7+%(46R�4[NtA0^[�<"HA�4[35'�46R�:U'�A}'tA(-&%�N`w0N�46R�-&1�F�A(76-&A(*�,�R�-x46"$*�K12g�@0@B"+-='MO&^r�JR�E=4639-&12"+-�'[E�/+s07$"+>�A�7a"$4z@B"+N[A�7}3?12OV;�"+>�/+:[AC'S/$NSNM"+>�EVA�sml+:UR�>9A('M@&A�-k^5^9^Q10""$7+"$EGF�^9^5^�-&A�*�,�R�-}"+>5>9"$-&"�;bA�-0-&A�E}A(7`"$4z@B"+N�35-='S{0\9l$358�TU%(-&A�EG^

������������������*�,C;bA�-����)"z/+s0sm"$-Q"$76Ae:M7$/+sA}|&7$39EV%(@&A�-���o�|&7$39EJ{&:�-0"$4�i�A�-='S%(7+39%�>�Aa;J3LK>?%(*�NS8�>ZF0-0"+4�4["+NMD&>�"$>�4635-B12"$-2i�/+>5"z46"�'SA(|&7$39EVA(3�NM/+;�"d12/+:M@B"+-�F&#BA(-0"+4y46"$*�E�/+NS12"+7$3�A}�G�&�m��< B¡+¢ �2���2��F�A�7+A�7HE=\?:M/$NS>5"$'M"$7+35EG^e£�:�4639-&1239*XACEJ\9:M/$NS>9"�'M3�'M/$-J,�"$EJ@BO�>�39-&12{0>�E=3Z^CWX%(NSsm"+1239*A�EJ\9:M/$NS>5"$'M3�'S/$-J,�"+ExA(7$'�4�{2'tAV'�TU%�EGF�#0R�*�,XA.;J35>?%(*�-0"+4�R�>9,�A�-�F�4639-�'�A�4635>9,�"+-0-0"$Ex#03L'M'MD0EGF#&A�-0"$4�R�>5,=A(-�FGA(4639>5,�"$-0-0"+ECA}NS"$>?AV'S35;J35'S%�:M"$>946/$>9"�'<\9N]TUA}>9"�^�¤I"+4�'M{B12R�4�463�A(7[AH¥¦'M/+Nn§�/+:¥�3912O(§�46"�'SA(|&7$39EVA(3�/$NM'M"+>5"+4�@m"$-�F�A�4635NSO�>�4HA(*�Aa@B"d:U7+/$>ZF�>5"+#0"�'dF�#0R�*�,.;bA�-xA(-&-&A(EC3?:�;bA�>9A�463/$NM'M"+>546"�^�ov|&7$39EVA(3G'M/+N�/+:�3?12OHA(7+R�-J@&A�-}39>5,�"$-�^

�����2��¨��!�<"H#&ACAe'tA(s&A�:U7$'SA(>?AV'�A�>9A�s2TU%(-Q46R�-&1bTn{&EmF�#0R�*�,xA�;J35>?%(*.*�"+R�46"�'SNM3?%VTUA�A�-0/$*�,=K123946"$-07+358=:zWC39-0E�RVYI:UEJ35KZ*�"$R�46"$'MNS39A&F�A(EJE�R�N�#&R�*�,=A(-r>9"$#0"$'S:M/$*�"+:+F�#0R�*�,QA�7}"$4z@B"+NM3?:M/$*:MR�E"$7+"$N[/$;�"$-f%('["+NMNS"a-0"+4�Tng('M'[Nt%�©ª£�:64[39/$NM'6sBR�-�'HAXEJ>?A�:S:U7+35EJ{&:�'M/+NM3?12O�'z/$NS"$7+7$D0EcR�>5,=A(-'M"+NM46/d:U7+"�'M"d:U-&"$E0©

������������������-&-0"$Ea-BA(*�,�R�-H"+*�,2:U7+"$NS�aR�EVA�;bA�-�^�WC"$NM'�A(7�"$4�@m"$NS3?:U/+*�"$*�/+:M7I'Sg�NM'M/$-&"�'M"�F2:UO�'A(7�"$;�R�>5wBl�398I"$*�/+:M7�'Mg�NU'S/$-0"$'M"�AI|&7$39EVA(3=;bA�>58=:M%�*«R�>9,�A(-`'tA(NM'MR�46%�-J,�%(@BA(-�7+AVTn>9R('M'�>9"�FVA(4635'�4HA(3'M"+NM4639-0R�>98�*�39%b;VA�>�¥�-0"$4[K¦NM"+>9A('M39;=3?:M7�'M39EJ{&:n§`'tA(NM'MR�46%�-J,=-BA(E}-&"$;�"+7$D0-&Eq¬�­.®°¯$±²^�o³EJ\?:U/+NM>9"�'S3|&7+35EV%(-BA(E`A«i�"nTn>9O212/+:M/$;�"$>�l+:MA�E�A<:U7d%(7+A�1Ji�R�Nt12{0>98«3910"nTn/$-ITn{2'MR�'U'M{&-0E�"$>=R210A0Fd#0R�*�,)@m"$>9"$>?%V'S{0-0EA[NM"+>9A('M39;J39:M7�'S35EJ{&:�'tA(NM'MR�4H%�-=,J@&Az3?:$^�´�R�>L'�'S"$#&%('I3912"UTn"�A(7`"+;�R�>9w&l$358�-&A(EH#0R�7$7d%�:M7$R�E='tAV'M-&3GA�7A(*�,J{0-0EVAV'IA[-0"$4[K¦NM"+>535'M39;J39:M7�'S35EJ{&:�'S/$NS3910Ozi�R�*�A�>54HA(39#0R�7�^

µ

Page 3: Eötvös Loránd Universityphilosophy.elte.hu/leszabo/Preprints/ortvay_preprint.pdf · 2007. 6. 9. · .0/21436587:9=@? 3BAC9 D&EFHGJILKMENI+IPORQSTOVUXWZY\[MYV]TYV^ _`Y8acbdWe_

����������� ������ �������� ��

������ B�����¦������oh'M{B12R�4H%(-J,�R�:�"$>946/$>9"�'M"+Ez%�>L'tA(>?%(@&A�-z"+4[s&\5NS35EJ{&:SA(-[A(>9{0>?12"�'S"$NS4[39-&%�>L'tA(EG^���7A(7$'�Tn"+>5"+-�'S3]FG#0R�*�,CA(7�"$>94[/+>5"$'M"+35-0E�"�'`-0"$4�#&A('S%�NMR�7$7+%�E}46"$*e"$*�,�/$NM'M"+>54z�0"$-XAH'SA(sBA�:M7�'SA�>9A(''M/+-J,�"$3Z^��2R�E2:U7+R�NIA�7�A6#0"$>9,J7$"�'dF&/d:�"$7�"+>5;J@m"$-X:MR�#&A�:U"+4 7+%�NM#&A('M86EJ3]FB#0R�*�,a{0*�,�A(-BA(7$R�EVAV'IAEJ\9:M/$NS>9"�'M3�¬�'SA�s&A�:M7�'tA(>?AV'M3 ±�'M/+-=,�"$E�"�'«'Mg�@0@eEJD0>9g�-J@mg�7+Oz"+>546/$>9"�'I3?:�E�/$sm"+:«NS"$s0NSR212{0EV%(>9-03Z^

¤I/+7$7+D0-0E`"$*�,�sm/$>?10%('���WX35-='���R�35-Bl$A(NS/�Nt%(4z{2'SA('MR('M'+FV-0"+4 >5"+#0"�'t:U/+*�"+:�46"$*�4[R�-&10A�-={&-0EGF#0R�*�,Q4[39>9,�"$-fAX;J35>?%(*f¬�AC'S/$NS3910O=±�*�"$R�4["$'MNS39%(TUA0F�i�D0*�*�"�'S>5"+-=D&>�A('U'M8�>]F�#&R�*�,Q4635>9,�"+-r|&7+35EVA(3"$>946/$>9"�'M'M"$>�s&%(NSR�:M\L']Tn{0EG^� 'M/$NS3?12O6*�"$R�46"�'MNS3?A������ � |&7+35EVA������ � ;J39>9%�*z"+4[s&35NS35EJ{&:�'S/$-J,�"+3 �� 'M/$NS3?12O6*�"$R�46"�'MNS3?A!� � � � � |&7+35EVA�� � � � � ;J39>9%�*z"+4[s&35NS35EJ{&:�'S/$-J,�"+3 �

^^^

WC3�12g�-=']TnD0Ee"+>#"�4[R�-&1bTUA���R�35-&l+A(NS/$"mFB#0R�*�,e#&R�>�;V%�*+Tn{&E�"+>�A6|B7$39Eb%(')/d:<Aa*�"$R�4["$'MNS39%('+F&:"$7$'<A[E�gV;�"$'ME�"$7$OzsB/+>91&%(-�;=39>?%(*�\5'�TUA[46"$*��

R 2

r

T=T0

T=T0

2(R − r )2

T=0

R

��R�39-&l$A�NM/)46"$*�4z{2'SA('U'tA0FJ#0R�*�,6#&A�"�E�g�NM>?A(s}>9A�E�8�3mw0*�,[;�"+:M7$39EGF=#&R�*�,646/�'S"$NSNMwB1bTUA(39EH#0R�:S:M7+A4635-B12"$-JD2'M'�"$*�,=i�R�NM4HA0FVA�E=E�R�N�A(NSNSA)A<E�R�-0EJ>9w07$398�NtA�Tn{0'M-&A�EmF�#0R�*�,zU&%�w('`S&%�WyUTOVUXv�^ Y WyUTo*)XUms�STi+-,^�k`vnijWy_`vtiHvpU.%�_ W�/*'(%�x o1032dO UTW&+54�k ORw�_`Y*6`K�k�0 _�gjiXU1'j^`i�]m^`Y G87TUXO82dOVUXWeUXvq/+>5-0"+EG^´�A(*�,J39:)46"$*�39-='+F�A}*�"$R�46"�'MNS3?AH/+:`AH|B7$39EbA�3�"$>94[/+>5"$'�"+*�,JD2'M'�E�"$>9>�#&R�*�,.46"$*�i�"$>9"$> Tn"$-4[39-&1JKA(-&-&A(EGF�A�463L'�"HE�/�'S103546"$-&7$398�:�>9/$-J,�"+EX4��B:U7+"$NS"$39E=E�"$>�/d:�/$NS7$/+EJ:M7$"+NM;�"$39EJE�"$>�A�;J35>?%(*�@B8�>�'SA(Ks&A�:U7$'SA(>9-&A�E9�:; < R�>9,�A(3�=

~�R�@&A�l+:U"+;J:M7$EJ3>=*�"$R�46"�'MNS3?A

?@ � A A[;J39>9%�*[#&O�46/$Nt:U/+EJ>5"$'M"%(>9>?A(-&128 B � A "$46s039NM39EJ{&:

'M/$-J,�"$E BA "+{0EJ>53?12"+:M7$3*�"$R�46"�'MNS3?ACB � D A[;=39>?%(*[#0O�46/$Nt:M/$EJ>5"$'M"$EF �>G �H�IFKJ ��LNM3O9PQM �L M R � A "$46s039NM39EJ{&:

'M/$-J,�"$E B�����2� ¨ �! �{&10-&Ar"$NSNS"�"+*�,f;bA�>58=:M%�*�R=:zsm/$>?10%('}39:a4[R�-&10A�-03?© WC"+NU'e"$7C\9*�, ^9^9^u{0*�,�"r^9^5^E�/$'S123946"$-07+358=:«>5/+-J,�"$EGF24639"$*�,J4H%�:�^9^5^ ©��

S

Page 4: Eötvös Loránd Universityphilosophy.elte.hu/leszabo/Preprints/ortvay_preprint.pdf · 2007. 6. 9. · .0/21436587:9=@? 3BAC9 D&EFHGJILKMENI+IPORQSTOVUXWZY\[MYV]TYV^ _`Y8acbdWe_

������ B�����¦�������IR�*�,J-0"�^��¦'M'I;VA(-.sB/+>91&%({0>�A6~�R�NM"+-='M7�K¦"$>946/$>9"�'«/+:�A�7���35-&:U'M"+35-0K]i�/+>5"�NS"$>?AV'S35;J35K'S%�:U"+>546/+>5"$'«"d:U"$'M"��� -0"+Y«'MR�-&3G'M/$NS3?12O�� � � ~�R�NM"+-�'S7 ="+>546/$>9"�'� � � "+4[s&35NS35EJ{&:�'S/$-J,�"+E-�� WC35-&E�RVYI:ME=3 ='M/+NM3?12O���� � NS"$>?AV'S35;J3?:U7$'M39EJ{&:�|&7$39EVA�� � � "+4[s&35NS35EJ{&:�'S/$-J,�"+E-������2���(�!WC3�A(7�A6~�R�NM"+-='M7�K¦"$>946/$>9"�'²©

������ B�����¦����� �)>9;bA�:M:SAz"$>�A[E�gV;�"�'SE�"$7+O�E�"�'��� < "+>5>ZF��&^0�G^�¬ ����� ±���IRVYj'SR�'S"+A�lt#e:Usm"+l$39A�>BNS"$>?AV'S35;J35'n,2©�F���-� �lnUm_}^�_!0XOVUc_`vNs bdvtiZlnUm_}^ G_!0XOVU2Y v��Tbt_ vtWZbdQ*Q�Umg��t_`vtY�gTi²F���A(4z@0NS3912*�"��I-039;�"+NS:M3L'n,���NM"d:M:+F���A(4z@0NM3?12*�"�^

�{&1bTUA0F="$7)A(7IA�l�39EJEGF=A�#0R�-0-BA(-6A(7I��>946/$>9"�'S3&|&7+357+35EVA`sm/$>?10AV't%(NS{0EJ@&A(-H:M7$"+NM"+s0>5O�¥�E�/$'�NSA�E�/$'SAE�g�'M/+>5>9"$>�g=:M:M7$"+E�g('S;�"�§<sB/+>910A6:M7+%�NM4HA(7+35EG��´�A(*�,

� ��%�-0R�:S:U,�F�~�^`¬ ����� S ±����UXOV_`WZY*'hY Weu`iTUXORQ�STO UTWz_ {\]XYV^�_`Y '�_ OVf�iXu1%+_`OV_ml )Xu`vBF�o<EVA�12/+4[3?A(3_`39A�128&F < {&10A�sB"d:n'd^

��gV;J3?12"$-aA�E�gV;�"$'ME�"$7$O�NMO�>J;bA�-}:M7$8 ��o ~�R�NS"$-='M7$KZ"+>546/$>9"�'�i�"$>5'M/�'S"$>9"$7+3]F2A(4639-='�A(7$'�A�4HA��JY�"$>9>93"$>9"$E='SNMR21239-&A(4639EV%(@&A�-H'M"d:M:M7$D0EGFJ#0R�*�,HA(7�"$>9"$E='MNSR21239-&A(4639EbA�3B"+*�,�"$-0>9"�'S"$3G"$*�,6A�12R('M'�39-0"+NSl$39A(KNS"$-&10:M7$"+NM@m"$-C39*�A�7+A�Em^���-0-0"$ECA�7�35-&"$Ntl�3?A(NS"$-&10:M7$"+NM-&"$EeA�@0@&A�-XA(7�/+NU'S"$>9"$4�@m"$-xE=35'MD&-�'S"�'S"�'U':M7$"$NS"$sm"Q>5"d:U7�F<#0R�*�,kA(7Q"$*�,�"$-&>5"$'M"$E�"�'�3L'M'�'S"$EJ39-�']TnD0E�/+NM;�/$-J,�"d:U-0"+EGF�/+:�4635-&10"$-u'MRV;V%(@0@&346"$*�i�R�-='MR�>9%�:U{0-&E"+7$"$-fAXNS"$-&10:M7$"+NM"+-qA(>?A(s&:M7$39EG^¤<"$;�"+7$#0"$'�TnD0Er"+7�'6A(7}/$'M"+NM#0"+7}NSg�*�7$\5'M"�'M';�R�-&AV'SE�R�7�'SA('S%�:U3mNM"+-&10:M7$"+NM-0"+Ea3?:$F&10"�"$-0-0"+E}46R�:U'I35'U'<-039-&l+:�Tn"$>9"$-='MO=:U/+*�"�^� �"+E=39-='S:MD0-0Ee"$*�,� smR�-='M'Mg�>5'M/d:n'dF�A(46"+>5,J39E�%(>9>9A�-&128�­�:U"+@B"d:M:M/$*�*�"+>�46R�7+R�*`A ��KZ'M"$-&*�"$>9,�39NS%�-=,=%(@&A�-�^���*�,�35>9,�"+-'Mg�>L'S/+:«"+>5"+E�'SNMR�4H%(*�-&"+:M"+:�'M"+NM"�A6WXA!�2Y�"$>9>LK¦"$*�,�"+-0>5"$'M"+E6:M7$"+NM39-='IAzE�gV;�"$'ME�"+7$O��

"$# � � � ��%'& ¨ � ( ¨ �)� � ¨�* O,+M"$- � � & % & ¨ �.( ¨ �)� � ¨ * O +M0/1 =32 M4 M�5 O76M"$8$� � ( % & ¨ � ( ¨ � � � ¨ * O +M0/91 =:2 M4 M 5 O$6M; - � = 2 4 "$8; 8(� 2 4 " -; # �=<

A(#&R�>

� � � � =7�!> �@? �A 1 = 2 M4 M/+:.�B> �@? ��A['Sg�>5'M/+:<#0"$>9,�"�A ? s039>9>9A�-&AV'S@&A(-�^�´<39>?%(*�R=:$F&#0R�*�,eA6­5�C<H"+:M"�'S@B"+-C;=3?:S:U7dA(EVA(s2Tn{&EA[-J,={&*�;�8z'Mg�>L'S/+:�*�g�4z@&:U7+354646"�'SNM39EJ{&:$��R�{0>9R�4z@2KZ'M"$NS/�'d^�o 4[R�7$*�8z'Sg�>5'M/d:«"$>9"$E='MNSR�46R�:�'S"$NS"A[46R�7$*=%�:�39NS%�-=,=%(NtA�46"$NSO�>9"$*�"+:�:U\9EJ@&A(-�@m"$>?A(s0{0>ZF0;VA(>?A(#&R�*�,H\9*�,K�

z

x

zA −irányba mozgó töltésNyugvó töltés

D

Page 5: Eötvös Loránd Universityphilosophy.elte.hu/leszabo/Preprints/ortvay_preprint.pdf · 2007. 6. 9. · .0/21436587:9=@? 3BAC9 D&EFHGJILKMENI+IPORQSTOVUXWZY\[MYV]TYV^ _`Y8acbdWe_

WCR=:n'<-&/$7$7+D0E�4["+*&FB#0R�*�,}#0R�*�,�A�-.4[8212R=:U{&>�"$*�,�"$'M>9"$-CAV'SR�4�@BA(-XA(7�"+>5"+E='MNSR�-Cs&%�>5,=%VTUAA(7�A('MR�4[4HA�*H4[R�7$*=%�:SAzE�gV;�"$'ME�"+7�'S/$@m"$-�^���>5#BA(-J,�A�*�R�>9;VA6AH4HA(*H*�,�R�Nt:U{&>9%�:M%('+F2A(7�"+>5"+E='MNSR�-� �@? ��s&%�>5,=%VTU%(NtA�A[E�gV;�"�'SE�"+7$O�46R�7$*�%�:U"+*�,�"$-0>9"�'S"�'�EVA�s2Tn{0EK�

���� � =�� A�� � � ��� 1¯��� ��� � � ��� B

��35*�,�"+>5"+4�@m"�;�/$;�"�AH~�R�NS"$-='M7$K]i�/+>5"�F="+46s035NS39E={B:MA�-e3?:U46"+NU'dFJ'Mg�46"+*�-0gV;�"$E�"d12/+:M3Bi�R�NS4�{0>?%V' � �� � � JA 1 =��� M4 M

A[46R�7$*=%�:M"$*�,�"$-&>5"$'�"$7��� JA 1 =��� M4 M �� � =�� A � � � � � 1

¯ ������� � � ��� Boci�"+-�'S3�46R�7+*�%�:U"+*�,�"+-0>9"�'M"$'�¬�sB/+>91&%({0>�E�R�46s0{0'M"$NS"$-m±m4["+*�R�>912;VA�A�7�'�'SA�>9%�> Tn{&EmFb#0R�*�,<A�7�"$>9"$E='UKNSR�-�s&%(>9,�%(TUAz:M7$39-='M/$-}¥�@B"+>9A�s0{0>L§tF2;VA(>?A(#&R�*�,H\9*�,K�

z

x

� J � J A 1 = 2 M4 M�<A�:UR�-0>98�E�/+s0sm"$-6EJ39:M7+%�4[R�>5#BAV'M8zA�l�39EJ>5{&:�sm"$NS358212{&:M3?12"nTn"�� �)A�A�-J,J{0*=A(>94[3msm"$NS358212{&:M3?12OFKJ�F0A�E=E�R�N�A[46R�7$*�8[A('MR�4�@&A�- F � F JA 1 = 2 M4 M´�A(*�,J39:�-0"$4�l$:SA(EcAX~�R�NM"+-='M7�K¦E�R�-='MNtA(E�l$358�'+F�#&A�-0"$4 ""+NMNS"aAx:Msm"+l�3?%(>93?:�"+:M"�'SNM" "rA(7a3?12O�K1239>9A('S%�l�398('z3?:z>5"+;�"$7+"�'M'MD0EG^ �<*�,=A(-0"+NMNS"aA(7e"$NS"+1246/$-J,JNS"�Tn{2'M{&-0EGF�#&ACsm/$>?10%({&>�"+*�,Q46R�7$*�812R�@BR�7<E�/$'«:M7$"+46E�g�7$'M3BR�>?10A(>?%(NtA�:M7$"$NS"$>5'�'SD0EJNMg�EzE�g�7+g('U'S3B>9/$7+"$Nt:U{&*�%(N�R210AVK¦;J39:S:U7dA�i�{2'S%�:M%�-&A(Esm"$NS358212{&:M3?12"nTn/$'<:U7d%(46\L']Tn{0EaEJ3&�

l

v

�<A6AH12R�@BR�7�%(>9>�� FI��� �¯�����! m�#"��%$h�'&!&C�h� ����(j�)�� '*+(��,�|�'��-+.|�Z�0/ �j���P�h�R�����1�|�R� �Z� �}���2&y�J���}�h�435&|���m�76`�7*2���4�|�)8��������}�h� ��.!*T�,�4���}� 9

�R�7 '*`�m� �+$�����&��!*�� �1�|�R� �Z� �}���2&y�J���}�h���)�|��$��7*����m� ���L�2.|���:-+;< '�|�j�)�y�Z���R��=J�m��>j���2�y���\�m���:? �Z�m�Z�j� � ���'(��,�y�2;@��*H�@"��:('*�'�|���BA �)�� T�m���j�m��*}�C*��,De���j�7 m�}���FE4���:*X�B���:*C-+��*����m�G35&|��� �m� �|���).C�:�y���y�FE��7&H�C�)8C?��J�R�m�J�I.�8+? �J=�"�� �

K

Page 6: Eötvös Loránd Universityphilosophy.elte.hu/leszabo/Preprints/ortvay_preprint.pdf · 2007. 6. 9. · .0/21436587:9=@? 3BAC9 D&EFHGJILKMENI+IPORQSTOVUXWZY\[MYV]TYV^ _`Y8acbdWe_

�<A[46R�7+R�*C¬ |B*�,�"+>5"+4�@m"`;�/$;�"�A612R�@BR�7`#0R�:S:U7d%(-&A�Ea~�R�NM"+-�'S7�K¦E�R�-�'SNSA�E�l$358�TU%V'�3?:S±3�F � � � A 1 = 2 M4 M¯ =­ � � A 1 = 2 M4 M

¯ �q­ � FA 1 = 2 M4 M��7+"$E}l+:MA�E}A[>5"+*�"$*�,2:U7+"$NS�0@0@}46R212"+>5>5K¦:M7+%�46\L't%�:MR�EG^�o<7�35NSR210A(>9R�4z@&A(-}39:M46"$NM'M"$E}NM/d:U7+>5"$K

'M"d:U"+@0@6A(-J,�A�*�46R212"$>9>5"+E�"+-�"$>9;�/$*�7$"$'U'�#&A�:MR�-&>58�:U7d%(46R�>?%�:MR�EGFb/+:�A�7$R�E�3?:�A`:U7+R�EV%�:MR�:�"$NS"+1246/$K-J,�"+E=NS"�;�"+7$"$'M-0"+Em^�´�A�*�,J3?:�4635-&10"$-HTn"+>�A�NMNtA64�{2'tAV'dFB;�R�-='SA6>9"z~�R�NS"$-='M7�AHE�gV;�"$'ME�"+7�'S"�'M/d:n'dF#0R�*�,rAX46R�7+*�8x'M"+:U'M"+Er"$>9"$E='MNSR21239-&A(4639EbA�3�>9"$\9Nt%�:SAX%(>5'SA�>9%�@&A(-rR�>5,=A(-q"+NM"d1246/$-0-J,�"+>�7d%(NS{0>ZF#0R�*�,}A�7�R�@2Tn"$E='S{046R�EH#0R=:M:M7$w&:S%(*=A(3�A[46R�7$*=%�:�39NS%�-=,=%(@&A�-

� J��� � J � 1 = ­ ¨¯ ¨

E�R�-='MNtA(E�l$358�'�:U7+"$-J;�"d12-0"+EmF �I/d:�A�'M"d:n'S"$EJ@B"+-}>9"$7dAVTn>98�i�R�>9,�A�4HAV'MR�E�'S35s039EJ{&:�3910O�39-�'S"$NS;VA(>9>5{04HA�3A6-J,J{0*�A�>5463�#0"+>5,J7+"�'M@m"$-C;�/$*�@B"+4["+-='I{0*�,=A(-039>5,�"$-ei�R�>9,�A�46A('MR�Ea{0*�,=A(-&A�7$R�-}3?12O�39-='M"$NS;VA(>9>5{0K4HA(39#0R�7`E�/$sm"+:U'�A�7�A(>?%(@0@03Gi�R�NM4z{0>?%(-&A�EH4["+*(i�"+>5"+>5OJ"$-C1239>?AV'S%�l�398('I:M7$"$-J;�"+12-0"+EK�� ? J��� � ? JA 1 = 2 M4 M~�R�NM"+-='M7<A�7�'�3?:�/+:M7$NS"$;�"$'U'S"�F�#&R�*�,6A(7)/�'S"$NS#0"$7);=3?:M7$R�-J,J\5'MR('M'�46R�7+*�%�:�#&AV't%�:SA�A�|&7+35EVA�3BNS"$-&12K:M7$"$NS"$E[;J39:M"$>9E�"d12/+:M/$NS"I"+*�,H:MA(TU%V'SR�:�'Sg�NS;�/+-=,2:M7$"+NM�&:M/$*�"�'�4�{0'SAV' ��-0"$;�"$7$"$'M"d:U"+-aAzQ�k}]Q%�f�|&7+3LKEVA(3�NS"$-&10:M7$"+NMNS"�;�R�-&A('ME�R�7$8}:M7+%�46R�>?%�:I"+NM"d1246/$-J,�"z/$Nt12"$E�"+:�A(>?A(E�R('<g�>L'dF�#&AeA�7z"+NM"d1246/$-J,='A[E�gV;�"�'ME�"$7+O�wVT«;V%(>5'MR�7+8�EJ@&A�-ai�"nTn"+7$7+D0E}EJ3&�

& � � & ( � � ( � � � �$=­ ?A 1 = 2 M4 M ? � � ? = 2 #4 MA 1 = 2 M4 MoI7<"$NS"+1246/$-J,z{0*�,=A(-03?:�"$7+"$EJ@B"+-aA`;V%(>5'MR�7+8�EJ@&A�-zEJ35i�"nTn"$7+;�"I-&"$4 4H%�:$F�4[39-='�A�7�{0*�,=A(-039>5,�"$-u`O O f6NM"+-&10:M7$"+NMNS");�R�-&A('ME�R�7$8z"$NS"+1246/+-=,eA

? �� ? � /+: & � ( � ���� & � � ( � � � �#0"+>5,�"�'U'S"+:M\L'S/+:S:U"+>]^«�J7+%�46R�:«"+:M"�'SNM"�"+>5>9"$-&O�NS357+;�"�F2"+7�4635-B1235*H\9*�,e;VA(-�^���-0-0"+EeA�>9A�s2TU%(-.46"$*�Ki�R�*=A(>94HA(7$#BAV'�Tn{&EaA[~�R�NS"$-='M7$KZ"+>5;�"�' �

F�� ����� {\]XYV^�_`Y�o�UXvNs`iC]hUXo '}Y iXUXO ^�Ums�SjiXSXW%Q�U.%h^�_ l )jb�^ ,$�n_�_}]zb!% w�_ vtY ORw�UXv����� � o�UXvNs`iC]hUXo�'}Y iXUXO ^�U s�SjiXSXo�U�'�k vN_ W ^�k}]hf 7TUTO _�s�_ Wek W2k`OVs�)jb�^!Q�U.% ,:Sjiz_h] UXo�Ums`GQ�SXvtw�Um^!0mUXv�UXO8'�S.%�U ]m]12�^ _ 7TUXvtWZY �nUXORw�UXWJWyUji/ WySjijW��

�0R�-='MR�:[AE�/+:MO�@&@035"+Er:U7+"$46sBR�-='�TU%(@m8�>�A�7�AE�g�-0-J,�"$-r@m"$>?%V'S#&AV'S8x'S/$-J,�F�#0R�*�,c"$7$"+EqA(7�wVT;V%(>5'MR�7$8�EGF�-0"+4!46%�:UR�EGF�4639-='[A(7+R�EcA(7a¥¦3?12OV§a/d:�¥¦'M/+Nn§x¬�o<7e3?12/+7$O(Tn"+>H"c>5"+*�>?%(@0@&39:z~�R�NS"�'S7:M7+%(4H%�NSA�".-&A�*�,�R�-Ci�R�-�'SR�:+� ±rE�RJR�Nt1239-&%V't%(EGFG4["+>5,�"$E�"�'�A}46R�7+*�8�R�@2Tn"+E='M{046#0R�7zNSg�*�7$\5'M"�'M';�R�-&AV'SE�R�7�'SA('S%�:U35KZNS"$-B10:U7+"$NS@B"+>53 "};VA(*�,J3?:«46R�7$*�8&F2/d:�\5*�,}12"$i�R�NS46%�>L' "}8�NS%�EJEbA�>G/+:�46/�'S"$NSNM{0K10A�E=EVA�>�4[/+NM-&/$-0EG^���*�,}A6~�R�NS"$-='M7$KZ"+>5;�"�'�AzE�gV;�"$'ME�"+7$O�E�/$s&sB"+-a39:«EJ3946R�-&12#BAV'�Tn{&E9�

F+{8]XYV^�_,Wyx`o'`SXvtw�UXY�k`ORw�_ vNk}^ ,,�tk %�w 0 u ojQ�UXORw:{\]XYV^�_`Y�o�UXvNs`i�]}UXo�_}]�SXWyUTo �tU ] '}Y GiC]hk vtw / Wyk`WZW�Q�k}]Q%�u`i �n_`Wyu�iXu o�_��!%�w2s�U�7Tk`ojQ�u`OVfhs`YV^��ySXojWJiTs>U ]%_:Q�k}]Q%�u�i��!%�w%Q�f`Gs�k�i/ W )X_�_�o�UXvNs`iC]hUXo�'}Y iXUXO ^�U s�SjiXSXo�U�'�k vN_ W ^�k}]hf ,>_>{\]XYV^�_!i�]hk}^�u�iXk�i�Wyx`o'`STv~w�UTY G0�� OBOVU1'�Um]hUTWyUXWJW�UTo U s Q�SXvtw�Um^�UTW�� ,��nkQ% w U 0 0�� O\_h]cUXo�Ums`Q�SXvtw!0 �`O vNUXQ u O OV_ lK/ W �t_`WyfQ�U.% U&%�w�UXWJOVUXv '�k vN_`W ^�k}]XWe_ Weu`ijYMo�UXvNs`iC]hUXojvNUm^�iXUXQ _}]�SXWeUXo �nUm] '}Y i�]hk`v~w / Wek WJWPiXUXG0 UTimiXS&%�U!�" # �����'&�>7/V���Z�C*�� *+�|� �|���:? �J� ��-C�P�e�m�R�7*.|��-+�|�)�|�L� �J�L�)�� !=��� m�,��&�*�� � $h�' m� �%$ �j�1�!*T��&�9 �j�'*X�J�Z�m�j�|�:>>���m�: �� m�,�y�Z�:��*��#?���.|�J�:�y�J�56��:&|�'*X�#? �2.|� �M��&C�:*T��.!*��7& �|�:�|�X�J�J�j���j� �|��;C�T�'*`�m�R�m�#*��m���7&\�76��J�7*��2&��|���:.|� �2�y���y�J� -C��/V�j������9

�|�:>7=J�7*��m�R�78��2&|��� ��&0 m�4�'(@-��m�m���J�76`�7*����'&� '>L��(j� ��(m�J�B�1.|�2&��|�C�J�'�8���'*��:&C�m�|�:>j�p�|�e� �J�j��*���=Z� �7& �|�1;��T�'*`�m�R�m�@*`�m�����.|��&!�|�|�Z�'� �2��6 �|�Z�2.� '.|�1�4�)�|��;j�:�� '�|�8���J�7*X�#6`�7*:�2(j� ��.!*C; 6 �|�('��)'��2(@-+.|�2� �'(��,�y�J�'�!&y��.�6B��*��X���2&�.|�:�|�2��-���� �*&0&y��P�X���2&�.|�:�|�2��-+.|�J� �:��$+�y� 8 �'*T�Z�j�Z�7*H�)�� 735 m�,�|�:*�� � +

Page 7: Eötvös Loránd Universityphilosophy.elte.hu/leszabo/Preprints/ortvay_preprint.pdf · 2007. 6. 9. · .0/21436587:9=@? 3BAC9 D&EFHGJILKMENI+IPORQSTOVUXWZY\[MYV]TYV^ _`Y8acbdWe_

oI7�¥�/�'S"$NU§�:U7+8('�35'U'�l$:SA(E`'Sg�NM'M/+-0"�'S32R�E�R�EJ@B8�>]FV~�R�NM"$'M7�E�"d12;�/+/$NM'�"+4[>9\5'�TnD0EGF�;VA�>58�TU%(@&A�-�'M"$'S:M7$O�K>9"$*�"d:«35-&"$Ntl�3?A(NS"$-&10:M7$"+NMNS"<*�R�-&10R�>9#&AV'S{0-0EG^�´�"$*�,=D&Ea/+:M7$NS"�F2#0R�*�,a"+7�A(7`"$>9;}-&"$4 4H%�:$F04639-='A�NM"+>9A('M39;J39:M7�'S35EJ{&:<|&7$39EVA.~�R�NS"$-='S7�K¦E�RV;VA(NS39A�-&l�3?A6"$>9;�/+-0"$EXA.~�R�NS"$-='M7$KZ"+>546/$>9"�'S"$@m"$>93�4["+*(i�"+>5"$K>9O(Tn"�^���7+/$NM'�'S"$#&%('+F _ Q / %z_ '}Y O u1%zUXQ�lNY ojYV^ b i%WySTv~w�UTY WP_ o�UTO _`WZY*'}Y i�]XWJYV^ b i@{\]XYV^�_�OVU3/ o*)X_ , _�s�s`Y %_cK k`o UTW ]XGCUTORQ�SXOVUTWPY i:b!% w�_ vNUm]XWMQ�U&%�WyUji�]XY�� �A(-J{0>?:M%�*�R�:`;�/$*�35*�*�R�-B12R�>9-J{0-0EGF�#&R�*�,Q#0R�*�,�A�-r-0/$7�EJ3�Ax;J35>?%(*BF�A~�R�NM"+-�'S7�K¦"$>946/$>9"�'M"$'

A(>?A(s&{0>G;�/$;�"�FJ"$*�,}A(7�/�'S"$NS#0"$7�E�/+sB"d:n'�46R�7+*�8[46"$*(|B*�,�"+>5O[:U7d%(4H%(NtA0^ � < "+>5>�A[4H%(N«"$46>9\L'S"�'U'l�39EJE�/+@B"+-e39*�"+-es0>?A�:M7�'S35EJ{&:SA(-�\9N�TUA["$7$'I>5"��

o�46R�7$*�8Q46"$*�|&*�,�"$>9O�NS"};�R�-&AV'SE�R�7$8xE�/$Nt12/+:6-&"$4!'S"$> Tn"+:M"$-kA(EVA�10/$4635EJ{&:+^¤I"$4!NtA(E�/�'t%(EJ@&A(-r:M7+%�*�{0>?128x"+4�@m"$NS"$EJNS"aE�"+>5>«*�R�-&12R�>5-03ZF�#&A�-0"$4!A(NSNtA0F�#0R�*�,46A�*�%('�A[¤<A(seE�g�NMD0>mE�"+NM39-0*�O ��g�>?12"�'�Tn86R�EJ{0-0E6;VA(- "6>9"$*=A(>?%(@0@03?:�A(7�/$;H-&A�*�,NM/d:U7+/$@m"$- "q46R�7+*�8Q;�R�-&AV'SE�R�7$'SA('S%�:M3�NM"+-&10:M7$"$NS-0"+Ec'M"$EJ39-='M"$-JD0-&Em^ko�>9/$-J,�"+*&FA(463L'�AC~�R�NS"$-='M7$KZ39-J;VA(NS39A�-&l�3?A}A�>9A�s2TU%(-cA.46R�7$*�8.4["+*(|&*�,�"+>5O�NMO�>�46"$*CE�"$>9>�%(>5K>9A�s0\L'tA(-J{0-0EGFB#0R�*�,0_h]}kh^,_�'�UTimiC]!�`i '�u ORWyk}]hf}^ ,�Q�UXORw�Um^�UXW�_ 7TUTv~WJY�Um^!0mUXv gjijbhltu`vQ�_ WeUXQ�_ WJYV^�_`YLiTU.%�Sms OVUXW ^�STv~W '`Um]}UXWZW�2dvd^ 0mU,LvpUTQ Q�u�iXk}^ ,MQ Y vtWP_ QcYV^�UXW�U.%�wzu`ORGOV_`vps�f iTU 0mUjimiXS.%�%�UXO�Q�kh]Q%�f ,�b!%�w�_`vp_}^h^�k o�Q�_1%�u`W vtw`b!%!'�f vN_h^�^�Syln]hUTO � Q�U.%C{MG% w�UXO���WyUXojQ�STi�]}UXWyUjiHQ�fhs�k v�_ �tUTO w�Uji '`u`ORWyk}]hfh^`vp_}^ %�k vNs�k O��« �RV;b%�@0@&%&FJAz|&7+35EVA'Mg�NS;�/+-J,�"$3�"$7$"+EJ@B"+-Aa;V%�>L'SR�7$8�EJ@&A(-CEJ35i�"nTn"$7+;�"zsBR�-�'SR�:SA(-Xw&*�,�i�"+:U'M"+-0"$EGFG4635-='A(#0R�*�,�A�-�A�7�'`AH46R�7$*�8H46"$*(|B*�,�"+>5OBF&46/$*eA(4635E�R�NI-J,J{0*=A(>9R�4�@BA(-.;�R�>L'dFmA�7�39:UKE�R�>?%(@BA(-X46"$*�'SA�-={&>L'tA¬�i�"$>5'M/$;�"�F�#&R�*�,.#0"+>5,�"+:M"$-x'SA(-&\L'SR('U't%(EX46"+*e-0"+EJ3?±�^z��*�,35>9,�"+-X46"$*(|B*�,�"+>5OBFB#&\5;dTn{0ECO�')46R�-&1VTn{0EXoI>939l$"�K¦-0"$EGFG'S"$NS4[/d:U7+"�'S"+:)4[8212R�-X"$*�,#0R�7+7+%XE�/$sm"+:U'[-J,J{0*�;�8xsmR�-='SR('6i�R�*QE�RJR�Nt1239-&%V'tA(NS"$-&1&:U7+"$NS"HR�NS35*�8(TU%({&>�;V%(>?A�:M7�K'SA(-&3]^���7+7$"$>�sBR�-�'SR�:SA(-�NMg�*�7+\L'S"�'U'SD0E}A[­ ? 'tA(*�R�'«A

� � � � =«­ ?A 1 = 2 M4 Mg�:S:U7+"�i�D0*�*�/+:M@m"$-�^�oI>939l$"�46/$'M"$NSNSw&1bTUA(3msm"+1239*zsmR�-='SR�:SA(-eA A 1 = 2 M4 M i�A(E='MR�NM-BA(E4["+*(i�"+>5"+>5O.46/$NM'M/+E=� ��35'M7$*�"$NtA(>?1JK¦E�R�-='SNSA�E�l�398('�:U7+"$-J;�"d1235Ex"$>Z^e�)"H#0R�*�,X>5"+#0"�'dF#0R�*�,r-0"$4 >9%('�TUA0F«#0R�*�,qAc46/�'S"$NSNMwB1bTUA(3�g=:M:M7$"+#=w&7$8212-&A�EqA(4635E�R�N:�c39NS%�-=,J@&Ai�"$E='M"$'M3�O�E�"$'+FB/+:)4["+*�#0R=:M:M7+A�@0@mRJ10-&A(EGF&A�4[39-=' & 39Nt%(-J,J@&A6"$>5i�R�NS*�A('�TUA�©r��-0-0"+EA(7�A64HA(*�,=A(Nt%(7dAV'SA&F�#&R�*�,eoI>939l$"�:U7+"$46/$-&"$E}NS"�'S35-B%VTUA6:U7+35-='S/$-.E�R�-�'SNSA�#&%(>9821239EmF/+:�\9*�,�{&*�,�A�-&A(7+R�E�A�:M"nT�'M"+E�/+NM7+/$E�"+>539E�A�46/�'S"$NSNMw&1[E�/$sm/�'+F�4635-='�#&A`A`NSw&1[39:�/+:A�46"$*�|&*�,�"$>9O�3?:«-=,J{0*=A(>9R�4z@&A(-H>9"$-0-&"�^ �<A�:UR�-0>98�E�/+s0sm"$-�FJoI>939l$"`-0"$4 /+NM7+/$E�"$>93]F#0R�*�,e8�NS%(TUAH>5"+>9A�:M:M{0>5'+F�46"$NM')"+7$7+"$>�"$*�,=D0'U'`>5"+>9A�:M:M{0>5'�:SAVTU%V'�*�R�-&12R�>9E�R210%�:M%�-&A(ENM35'M4z{&:MAe3?:$^6 �RV;V%�@0@&%�A(NSNM8�>�:M"$4 i�R�*�'M{&10-03 "X#039:M7$"+-4HA�*�%V'�-J,J{0*�A�>5R�4�@&A�->5/+;�O�-&"$E�E�/$s07+"$>93 "GF�#0R�*�,6A�'SO�>9"�'S%b;�R�>9RJ108�/+:�i�"$>9/nTn"<E�g�7+"$>9\L'SO`i�/$-J,dTn"$>9"$E6EJD0>5g�-2K@Bg�7$O&F�¯��h­mF�NS"$>?AV'S\5;X:M"$@m"+:S:U/+*�*�"$>�#&A(>?A�10-&A(EG^[��7HA(7�'t%(-cA(#0#&R�7[;�"$7+"�'dF�#0R�*�,oI>939l$"�#0"$>9,='M"$>9"$-JD0>�:U7+35-0EJNSR�-0397+%�> TUA[A(7�"+*�,J4H%�:U'M8�>G'S%b;�R�>53�8�NS%�EVAV'+F2/d:«;�/+*�D0>�A�7�'i�R�*dTUA[#035-&-03]F&#0R�*�,}A

? � � ? = 2 #4 MA 1 = 2 M4 MAa;VA(>982123�3912OBF�4H%(N�l$:SA(ECA(7+/$NM'�3?:�46"$NM'�"+7$7$"+>�A};V%(>?A�:M7�'t%�:S:MA�> �!%�w W&+dvtYV^zi�]hu`GQ�u o�_0F�#0R�*�,`A<i�/$-J,`'S"$N]Tn"+12/d:U32:M"$@m"+:S:U/+*�"�4639-&12"+-z39NS%�-J,=@BA(-�¯V^���7«E�g�7$;�"$'M>9"$-JD0>"$>9>5"+-0O�NS357+#0"�'SO&F+;bA�>9A�4635-='�>9"$;�"$7$"$'M#0"$'MO<A<WXA!�2Y�"$>9>LK¦"$*�,�"$-&>5"$'M"$EJ@mO�>b3?:$^�oI7�"+>5"+E='UKNMR�4[R=:�'S/$NS"$NSO�:S:U/+*�46/$NS/+:M"�:MR�Nt%(-eoI>939l$"`A[:SAVTU%V'«46/$NSO�@m"$NS"$-&10"$7$/d:U/+#0"$7)E�/+sB"d:n'

� # �����'&�>7/V���Z�C*��<6��:&|�'*T�X�m�Z�4� $`�7&C�m�B3+&C��� � �2(j� ��.!*C�|��*+�|�:�m���Z� �L�Z�7*X�����e�7 j�j� ��8��:&�>#-7=J�m�J�h�`�L���m�19 ���m�~�2&�� 9�).|� �,�|�t�:*C-����R� �J�j�}�: 4/V�j�j�'&�>#-��m���G8 �j�:.|���R�m�J�\�h�Z�m� �X�m�)�C� �M�8���7 m�X�m� *T�,�|� �!'4��&C�m�}�����#-��m���j�I6`�7*�� $`� �J�m�7*`�m�.y�,�|�#6 ��*/V�j� �}�8�:�P�7&<�|�:*����2�|�:*��t�1�C�R� �J� �}� �e�m���C���).|�:�y�H�� m�}���)=��|�:�|�4$`�7&C�m� �|� ���|�J=1�|�2&y�2;�=��j�������T�'6`� ��&|�X�c�@�m���j� �.|�8�����m� $�� �j� �J�j�'&|�m�J��T�7*��j�J�J� $ ��=J�j� �'('&�(m�J�C�� �C�T�'6`� ��&C�T������ ������\�'('*X�X�,.�*+�|�H�h��>j�2&C�C�m�76`�7* .C�:�|�4$��7*C9 j�'* 6+?��J�m� =Z���T�7*��j�Z���}��.|��� $ �j�1��*X��& 9 �|���).C�:�y���y����� �C�T�'6`� �2&|�T� �! m�}��� �,.� j�2; �|���:��*+.|���,�:�7&��T�j� ��� $��' m�z�$ �j�1��*X��& 9 �|���).C�:�y�M�'.�8h���C�:��*��j�'*C&C����&y�2��*�� ���7 m�X�m�Z�7&C� �J�m�4�7-+*h�p�m���Z�:�7&)�|�2�y�J�����T�'*`� �J�j�'&�>T�7*��~�m�����j�j�H�� m����'&� '>P�)�� 735 m�,�|�:;<�� m�%�m���:>P���+-%�j�'*T�Z�J�m�j�|�:>7=J� �435 m�,�|�����)�� ��

Page 8: Eötvös Loránd Universityphilosophy.elte.hu/leszabo/Preprints/ortvay_preprint.pdf · 2007. 6. 9. · .0/21436587:9=@? 3BAC9 D&EFHGJILKMENI+IPORQSTOVUXWZY\[MYV]TYV^ _`Y8acbdWe_

-=,J{0*�;�8`s0NS8�@&A('Mg�>L'S/+:U'�i�R�*�#BA�:M7$-&%�>5-03ZF�463?%(>5'SA�>&;VA(>98(TU%�@&A(- ��/d: � "$*�,zE�R�4�@&3LK-&%�l$358�TU%V'�i�R�*+TUA<46/$NS-03]^�oP46R�7$*�8I'Mg�>5'M/d:U"+EJNM"�;�R�-BAV'ME�R�7+8�Tn8�>J39:M46"$NM'�"��G"$E='S{&:UR�E:U"+*�\5'S:M/$*�/+;�"+>m12"$|&-03?%(>9;VA �<KZ'I/+: � K]'dF0;VA(>98(TU%(@BA(- � � KZ#0g�7`/+: � � K¦#0g�7�Tn{2'dF&A(#&R�>

" �- ����� O������ � O � M� M " �8 ��� � O ��� �� � O � M� M " �# � "$#; �- � ��� � � � �� � O � M� M ; �8 � ���O��� ���� � O � M� M ; �# �=; #

WC35-B12"$7+"$EP{0'S%(-�o<>53?l�""$>9>5"+-0O�NS397$#0"$'M3<Ac|B7$39EbAQ'Sg�NS;�/+-=,�"$35'+F�/+:}g�NSg�4646"$>�'tAVKs&A�:M7�'tA(>9#&AV']TUA0F&#&R�*�,�A(7+R�E�sBR�-�'SR�:SA(-.R�>9,�A�-0R�EGF04639-='�A(#&R�*�,=A(-."$46>9/$E2:M7$39EeNt%VKTn{0EGF«:}#0R�*�,PA(7XA�>5EVA�>54HA(7+R('M'}12"�|&-&\9l$358�EP/+:a"$> TU%(Nt%�:MR�ECTn8�><4��&E�g212-0"+Em^ �<A;bA�>9A�463I46/$*�:M"$4�:U'M394[46"+>]FIA�E=E�R�NH#&A�4HA(NaNt%VTng�-�F«#0R�*�,P;VA(>?A(46"$>9,J35Ef@B"+NM"+-2K12"$7+/+:M"C4["+*�#039@&%�:UR212R�'U'¬�sB/+>910%�{0><46"+*�NSR�-0*=%(>98J10R('U'aAr*�,�R�NS:M\L't%�:H:MR�Nt%(-B±�F«/+:4["+*dTUAb;=\5'�TUA&^� �"$EJ35-='t:UD0-&EX46R�:U'`"+*�,X%�>5>98e46"+*(|&*�,�"$>9O('dF < R�@BR�'+^[WC35;�"$>�oI>93?l�"46A�*�%('I-=,J{0*=A(>9R�4z@&A(-�>5/+;�O�-0"$Ee#039:M7$3ZF&w&*�,�*�R�-B12R�> TUA0FB#0R�*�, < R�@CA(7�FBA�E=3�46R(K7$R�*B^I£�:�E�g�-0-J,�"+-CE=35i�"nTn"+7$#0"$'�TnD0EXA�7�oI>93?l�"6%(>5'SA(>�#&A�:U7+-&%(>5'<;V%(>5'MR�7$8�EVA(')A < R�@%(>5'SA(>�#BA�:M7$-&%�>L'tA(EJEVA(>ZF=/d:«;J39:M7$R�-�'dF0l$:SA(EH­a"+>5O�Tn"$>9/�'�E�"+>5>�4["+*�;V%(>5'MR�7�'tAV'M-&3��

&�� � & ( � � ( � � � # O 2��� � O � M� M ? � � � O����� M� � O � M� M& � &9� ( � ( � � � #�� � 2�� �� � O � M� M ? � � � � ��� �� M� � O�� M� M

oI>939l$"`A�7�'I%(>9>9\L']TUAz4HA(TU1�F2#0R�*�, < R�@}46/$'M"$NSNSw&1bTUA(3�E�R�-='MNtA(#B%(>98J12'SA(EGF�8�Nt%VTUA�>?A�:UK:MA�@0@&A(-aTU%(NdF�/+:�#0R�*�, < R�@x#&"$>9,�'S"$>9"$-JD0>�:M7$39-0EJNMR�-0357d%(>5'SAeA(7["$*�,J4H%�:U'M8�>�'t%b;�R�>538�Nt%(EVAV'd^.o<>53?l�"�F�4["+*�/+NU'SO="+-cw0*�,Q*�R�-&12R�> TUAC4HAVTU1�F�#&R�*�, < R�@qA(7+/$NM'�#&A�:U7+-&%(>NMR=:M:M7�;V%�>L'SR�7$8�EVAV'+Fd46"$NM'�4��&:M7$"+NM"+3 ��3L'S7$*�"+NSA�>912K¦~�A(NS4[R�NUK�~�R�NM"+-='M7�K.��R�39-&l$A�NM/$K]E�R(-='MNtAVE�l$358V':U7+"$-J;�"d1J'M"+Em^coI#&R�*�,=A(-Po<>53?l�"�>?%V'�TUAQAX;J39>9%�*�R�'+F�A(7e>5R�*�39EVA(39>9A�*C'M"+> Tn"d:U"+-fE�R�-2K7$3?:U7$'M"$-B:$F�/d:�'Mg�E�/$>9"�'S"+:)g�:S:U7+#&A(-0*�@&A(-x;bA�-QAe46"$*�|&*�,�"$>5')'S/$-J,�"+E=E�"$>Z^ < R�@0-BA(E:U"+4[463�"d:U/+>5,�"`:M39-&l$:+F2#0R�*�,a46"$*�*�,�O�7$7+"I'M/+;�"d12/+:M/$NSO�>Z^< "$>9>«"$>9"$467$/d:U/+@BO�>�EJ35'M�0-&35EGF�#0R�*�,'S/$;�"+:6A(7.AQ*�,�A�E�R�NM3�"$>9>5"+-=;�"�'S/+:+F�#0R�*�,rAQ~�R�NS"$-='M7$K

"$>946/$>9"�'�-0"+4 E�/+sB"d:�:U7d%(46R('�A�10-03�"$*�,x%(>9>58�NSw&12-&A�ExA�4[R�7$*�8e46"$*�|&*�,�"$>9O}NS"$-&1&:U7+"$NS/$@m"$-'SA�s&A�:M7�'tA(>5'�E�R�-='MNtA(E=l�398(TU%(NS8�>ZFV#03?:U7+"$- "6:M7$8�>GA(7�"$>9>9"$-0/+NM; "6A�7)%�>5>98�NSw&1aE�R�-='MNtA(E=l�398(TU%('�-0"$4R�E�R�7+#&AV'M'S%(E�A`~�R�NS"$-='M7«%(>5'SA�>Ji�"$>5'M/�'S"$>9"$7+"�'U'dF=A�7«/�'M"+NM#&"$7«;J39:M7$R�-=,J\5'MR�'U'�4[R�7$*=%�:M@B8�>J:M7+%�NM4HA�7$8|&7+35EVA(3�12"$i�R�NS46%�l�398�EG^<o i�"$-='M3�"+>5"+4[7+/+:<;=39>?%(*�R=:MA�-C46"$*�4z{2'SA('U'tA0Fm#0R�*�,�A�7 u`O O f}NSw&12-BA(ECA46R�7+*�8X46"$*�|&*�,�"$>9Ox%(>5'SA�>�/d:U7+>5"+>L'[E�R�-�'SNSA�E�l$358�TUAe-BA(*�,�R�-r3?:ITn8�>«/$NM'M"$>946"$7+#0"�'SO&F�46/$*�#0R�7+7+%/$s&sB"+-QAe46R�7$*�8}46"$*�|&*�,�"$>9O�Q�k}]Q%�f}46/$'M"$NSNSw&1bTUA(39@&A�-x/+: Q�k}]Q%�f�8�Nt%(39@&A(-X@m"$E�gV;�"$'ME�"+7$"$'U'{\]XYV^�_`Y s�U�7Tk ojQ�u�gTY�fh^.E�gV;�"�'SE�"+7$46/$-J,�"+E�/+-�'d^

�"$#&%('+F2g�:S:M7$"$*�"$7+;�"!�A -0"+Y«'MR�-03'M/$NS3?12O B � :

����; NM{&1&A(EHNSgV;=3?12{0>9/+:M"

8�NS%�EH>5"+>9A�:M:M{0>?%�:SA/d:«4H%�:�12"$i�R�NS46%�l�398�E �

A�4635E�"�'IA[4[R�7$*=%�:M@&A�#0R�7$R�'U''M"d:n'S"$Ea"+>9:M7$"+-J;�"+10-0"$E

?����

@ � � "$46s039NM39EJ{&:�'M/+-J,�"$E �A WC39-0E�RVYI:MEJ3�=

'M/$NS3?12O B � � NM"+>9A('M39;=3?:M7�'M39EJ{&:�|&7$39EVA�� � � "$46s039NM39EJ{&:�'M/+-J,�"$E �

Page 9: Eötvös Loránd Universityphilosophy.elte.hu/leszabo/Preprints/ortvay_preprint.pdf · 2007. 6. 9. · .0/21436587:9=@? 3BAC9 D&EFHGJILKMENI+IPORQSTOVUXWZY\[MYV]TYV^ _`Y8acbdWe_

��������� ��� ������ ��$����� ��

�����2� ¨ �!WC35>9,�"+-«Tn8&Fd#0R�*�,IsmR�-='�A(7$'�EVA(s2'S{0E)#B%(7$3(i�"$>?A�10A('M-&A�EmFd#0R�*�,<:M7+%�4[R�> Tn{&E<EJ3]Fd4635>9,�"+-"$*�,`4[R�7$*�8IsBR�-='U'Mg�>L'S/+:�"$>9"$E='SNMR�4[R=:�'S"$NS"�^�oP|&>9R�7+8(|BA<8�Nt%(-�3?:�:M7$8�@&A�E�"$NSD0>L'dFV>5"+*�A�>9%�@0@�46R�:U'/$NM'�TnD&EmF�#0R�*�,�#0R�-0-BA(-)Tng('U'�A�7«A�7�"+NM"d1246/$-J,�EJ3]^�´<3?:M7$R�-='�;VA(-[3L'M'�;bA�>9A�463]F�A�463L'�-0"+4 /$NM'M"+EGF:MO('+FB@BR=:M:M7+A�-='«3?:+�«o<7�'<46R21J'tA�1�FB4["+*�l+:U39-&%(>5'SA�1�F0EJ3?:U7d%(46R�>5'SA�1�F0/+:<g('Sg�:U'I39:�EVA�s2'S%�>�Nt%0^�£�-3?:�46"$*=l$:M35-B%(>5'SA(4.F�/$-q3?:zg('Mg=:n'zEbA�s2'SA�4�NS%&^X�<".A(7$'�-0"$4�/+NU'S"$4.F�#0R�*�,A�12#&AV'M'S%�>�'S"}@m""46"$NM'�>?%V'M'SA(4 ""$*�,x"+*�,�R�>91&A(>?A�:�l�"$'M>93L'dF�A(4635E�R�N�/+-0-0"$E�"$4 "$NSNM"aA�7a"$*�/+:M7H/nTU:M7+A�Eb%�4�Nt%46"$-='+F&/+:�'Mg�@[email protected]='�'M397$"+-0g('�R�>910A�>9A�:�:U7d%(46R�>?%�:�>9"�'U'�Az;�/$*�"�^

�����2���(�!¤I"$4 'S{&12R�4�^ ��'t%(-&A�-0/$7$'M"+4 A)~�A�-&10A({ � �²^bE�g�'M"�'S@B"+-�^ ��R�i�R�-�"+*�,2:U7+"$NS�#��´�"+:M7$"d1AQ-J,={&*�;�8sBR�-='U'Mg�>L'S/+: ��R�{0>5R�4�@2KZ'M"+NM/$'+^joªE�RV;VA(NS39A�-&l�3?AC"+>5;�/$@mO�>�E�gV;�"�'SE�"$7+OJ"$-PA46R�7$*�8'Mg�>L'S/+:e'M"+NM"QAP;�"$>9"x"+*�,JD2'U'.46R�7+*�8PNS"$-B10:U7+"$NS@B"+- :M7$39-�'S/$- A ��R�{&>5R�4�@2KZ'M/+N+^ ��'t%(-&Af"$7$';J39:S:M7+AVK�~�R�NM"+-='M7�KZ'MNtA(-B:U7$i�R�NS46%�>5R216A(7�%�>5>98zNS"$-B10:U7+"$NS@B"�F2/+:«E�/+:M7�^

�����2��¨��!o i�"+-0/$@m"��)£�-A �&"$,J-04HA(-x´.�²^GE�g�'M"�'S/�'):M7$"d1J'M"+4�"$>9O&^`�<'M')sm"$Nt:U7+"z:MR�EJEVA(>�@mR(K-J,�R�>5{0>5'SA�@0@&A�-�;VA(-���_<g�7$;�"$'M>9"$-JD0>JA)WxA!�2Y�"+>5>5K¦"$*�,�"$-0>9"�'S"$EJ@mO�>(;�"$7$"$'M3J>9"�^���>5O=:U7+g�N�@BR�-J,�R�>9{0>5'>9"$;�"+7$"$'M/+:M"$Er;VA�-0-&A(EqA�NMNtA0F�#&R�*�,=A(-fR�>?1bTn{0Er46"$*rAcWXA!�2Y�"$>9>LK¦"$*�,�"+-0>5"$'M"+E�"�'dF�'M"�'t:U7+O�>9"$*�"+:+F3?12O�@m"$-c;V%(>5'MR�7$8�i�R�NSNS%�:UR�E.4["+>5>9"�'M'+^}o<7�'t%(-cA(7H\9*�,XEJ3?:U7d%(46R�>5'�NM"$'SA(Nt10%�>L'`sBR�'M"+-&l�3?%(>9R�EJ@m8�>ZFTn8�@mR�-J,�R�>9{0>L'tA(-HEJ3?:U7d%(46R�> TUA�A�~�35"+-&A(NM'UK�k39"+lt#0"+NU'MKZsmR('S"$-&l$39%�>5R�EbA('+F(/d:�A�@0@m8�>BA�'M/+NM"+NMO=:U/+*�"�'d^��7�A[;�/+*�"`4H%(N�R�>5,=A(-}4HA�l�"$Nt%�:+FJ#0R�*�,6i�"$>?A�1bTUA6#B%(7$3Gi�"+>9A�10AV'S-&A(EG�

�����2� � � �<%V'dF(-0/+7+1a^9^9^�4639-&12"$-&E=32A�7$7+A�>�'Sg�>5'M32A(7�/nTU:M7+A�Eb%�3L'dF(A(4639;�"$>JA(EVA�N�TUA�^5^9^���*�,`@0397�'MR=:$F4635-B12E�"$'U'M"+-.g('Mg=:n'�EVA(s0'M{0-0EGF2'S"$#&%('I4635-&10E�/�'�468210:M7$"$NSNS"$>�{0*�,�A(-BA(-0-&A�E6E�"$>9>9"�'U'IEJ3 Tng�-0-&35"�^

Page 10: Eötvös Loránd Universityphilosophy.elte.hu/leszabo/Preprints/ortvay_preprint.pdf · 2007. 6. 9. · .0/21436587:9=@? 3BAC9 D&EFHGJILKMENI+IPORQSTOVUXWZY\[MYV]TYV^ _`Y8acbdWe_

� ����� ���3 �Q����� �������� ��

�����2���(�!oj'SA�-&%V'�w0N�"+>5O=A�10%�:MA�35@mO�>J"d101239*�-&"$E�"+4 w0*�,�'S�0-='+F�#&R�*�,zA�~�R�NS"$-='M7$KZE�R�-='MNtA(E=l�398&F46"$*.A(763?12O(K�1239>9A('S%�l$358BF�A(7$R�EC-0"$4�¥¦39*�A�7$3L§�|&7$39EVA(3�;V%(>5'MR�7+%�:MR�EGFG#&A�-0"$4 l+:MA�Er^5^9^z;VA�>9A�#0R�*�,AaEJD0>9g�-J@mg�7+Oa;�R�-&AV'SE�R�7$'SA('S%�:M3�NS"$-&10:M7$"+NM"+EJ@B"+-C/$NM'M"$>946"$7+"�'U'�46"$-0-J,J39:M/$*�"$E�g�:S:U7+"$;�"�'M/d:U/+@BO�>A�108J10-&A(EG^���NS8�@&%�>L'tA(4 {2't%(-&A�-0/$7+-03�A[E�g�-=,J;�"$EJ@B"+-�F212"H^9^5^

���������������!�)"e"+*�,J4H%�:M-&A(EQ"$>9>9"$-='M46R�-B12812R�>5*�R�EVAV'[R�>9;VA�:MR('U'd^r¤I"�39:�i�R�>9,='SA�:S:SA0F�'M{B12R�44635NSO�>B;VA(-a:M7$8&���2A(Tn-&%(>9R�4.F�#BA�"$7I"d101239*�i�/$>9NS"$/$NM'M#&"�'MO�;�R�>5'+F�w0*�,[>?%V'S:M7$39EGF�-&"$4³;�R�>5'SA�4�"+>5/+*;J35>?%(*�R�:+^�<A�46R�7+*�%�:U@&A)#0R�7${0-0Ez"$*�,�NM{B10AV'dF�A(7«46"$*�NMgV;J3?12D0>Z^�´�A�>58=:M%�*�R�:SA(-�F+|B7$39EbA�35>?A(*`46"$*�NMgV;J35K12D0>Z^ �<Az46R�7+*�%�:M@&A�#0R�7+{0-0EH"$*�,68�Nt%V'+F2A�7)>9"$>?A�:S:U{&>]FJ;VA(>98�:S%(*�R�:SA(-6>5"+>9A�:M:M{0>Z^ �I3?:U7+"$-�F2/+s0sB"+-#&A�35*=A(7<A�NM"+>9A('M39;=35'S%�:U"+>546/+>5"$'+F=46A�*�,=A(NS{0>&A�~�R�NS"$-='M7$K]'SNSA�-&:M7�i�R�NS4H%�l$358BF(A(EJE�R�N�A(@0@m8�>�A�7IE�g�K;�"$'ME�"$7$39EGF�#0R�*�,QAC46R�7$*�8.NMw&1c#&R�:S:U7dACA(7H"$*�,JD2'U'S4[R�7$*�8�NS"$-B10:U7+"$NS@B"+-c>5"d:U7a{&*�,�A�-&A(-&-=,J3ZF4635-='.A(7x%�>5>98�NS"+10:M7$"+NM@m"$-&3�#0R�:S:U7dAc;�R�>L'dFIA(EJE�R�N+F«A(4639E�R�Ne%(>9>58q#&"$>9,=7+"�'S@B"+-k;�R�>5'+^�´�A�*�,J3?:A(7H%�>5>98�NS"$-&1&:U7+"$NS@B"+>53�#0R=:M:M7+A�A.46R�7$*=%�:M@&Aa#&R�7+%�:`"$>9O('M'`/d:�A�46R�7$*=%�:M@&Ae#0R�7d%�:�{2'S%�-c-0"$4{0*�,�A(-BA(7�^

oI7+/$NM'el$:M{0s&%�-�F�46"$NM'}w0*�,h:M7+%�4[R�> Tn{&EPEJ3�Ac#&R�:S:U7d%V'+F�#&R�*�,fEJ3539-&12{0>9{0-0EkAq~�R�NS"$-='M7$KE�RV;VA�NM3?A(-&l$39%�@B8�>]F�4635-&"$EqA(>?A(s0TU%(-qA4[R�7$*�8XNMwB1q#0R=:M:M7+%�NM8�>�i�"$>5'M"d:M:M7$D0EGF�#&R�*�,cA(7e"$*�,=D0'U'UK46R�7+*�86NM"+-&10:M7$"+NM@m"$-�'MRV;V%�@0@0NtAz3?: � J F&/+:<A64[R�7$*=%�:M@&A(#0R�7+%�:�{2't%(-03ZF&w(T«#&R�:S:U7d%V'�sB"d1239*aw0*�,:M7+%(46R�> Tn{0ErEJ3ZF�#0R�*�,r"+7�'aA(7 � J KZ'aA(7�"$*�,JD2'M'M46R�7+*�8NM"+-&10:M7$"$NS@mO�>«;J39:S:U7dAV'SNSA�-&:U7$i�R�NS4H%(> Tn{0EA(7z"$NS"+12"$'M3�35-&"$Ntl�3?A(NS"$-&10:M7$"+NM@m"�FmAV'M'M8�>�A}#0R�:S:U7�4["+*�;V%(>5'MR�7+%�:M%�-&A(E�:U"+4[463�E�g�7$"z:M"$464635i�/$>9"~�R�NM"+-='M7�KZ'MNtA(-B:U7$i�R�NS46%�l�398�#0R�7�^

�����2���(�!�<"X#B%V'}A(7C"+*�,JD2'M'M46R�7+*�8cNM"+-&10:M7$"+N+F�A(7X:M7+%(46\5'+F«-0"+4H© oI@&@&A(-ksm"+1239*r-039-&l$:;V%(>5'MR�7+%�:+�

��������������� ��R�-&12R�> TnR�-kA�NMNtA0F�#0R�*�,q{0*�,=A(-0"+7�'al$:M39-&%(>5'SArAcsmR�-='U'Sg�>5'M/d:6'M"+NM/+;�"$>Z� o�smR�-2K'Mg�>L'S/+:z'M"+NM"e;VA(>98�:S%(*�R=:MA�-c4["+*�;V%(>5'MR�7$39EGF�#&Ax46R�7$*�%�:U@BAC#0R�7+7${0EG^roy46A�*�A:U7+"$NS"$-&l+:U/$'M>9"$-@&A�NS%('�TUAC"+7�'zAx;b%�>L'SR�7d%�:U'�E�g�7$;�"$'M>9"$-JD0>�AxWXA!�2Y�"$>9>LK¦"$*�,�"$-&>5"$'M"$EJ@mO�>�:M7+%�4[R�>L'tACEJ3]F�A�-0/$>9EJD0>]F#0R�*�,X@&%�NM4635i�/$>9"HNM"+>9A('M39;J3L't%�:M"$>94[/+>5"$'MNSO�>ZF�"$*�,=4H%�:U#0R�7zE�/$sm"+:U'�46R�7$*�8.NM"+-&10:M7$"$NS"$EJNSO�>ZF�;VA(*�,39>5,�"+:M4[39EJNMO�>�:U7+8["d:U"$'U'I;�R�>9-&A0^< "+:M7$/+>L'SD0-0E�4H%�N�A(NSNM8�>]FV#0R�*�,[A`sBR�-�'Sg�>5'M/d:�'M"+NM"�w0*�,�;V%(>5'MR�7$39E�46"$*BF�#0R�*�,�A`46R�7+*�%�:M%�NSA46"$NSO�>9"$*�"+:�39Nt%(-J,J@&A(-qAX'M/$NS"$NSO�:S:M/$*C46"$*�-0O&^Q��7�'aAx;b%�>L'SR�7d%�:U'zEJ\9:M/$NS>9"�'M39>9"$*X>9"$#0"$'[>?%V'S-03�AE�R�-&12"+-07+%�l�398�:Il+:U\9E�R�E}EJ39:M7$/+>5"d:U"d12/+:M/$-&/$>Z^I¤I"$4�46R�-B12#&AV']TUA0FG#0R�*�,eA�7�-0"+4�"$*�,�;VA(>98�:S%(*�R�:EJ39:M7$/+>5"d:U"d12/+:+^«��*�,e|&7+35EVA(3�46"$-0-J,J3?:U/+*aA(EJE�R�N�;b%�>L'SR�7+35E�46"$*&Fm#&A {&*�,�A�-&A(@&@&A(-.A(7�39-0"+NSl$39A(KNS"$-&10:M7$"+NM@m"$- E�"$7d12"�'S@B"+-x"+-0-J,=3�A(7z/$NM'M/+E�"�F�A�7�'S%�-X46"$*�A(-0-J,J3]^`¤I"+4�'SA�*�A�10#&AV']Tn{0E.>5"["$7$'A[;V%(>5'MR�7d%�:U'+F0l+:MA�E}A(7+/$NM'+F246"$NM'�"+:M"�'M>9"$*6;VA(-.R�>5,=A(- 46%�:U39E 39-0"$Ntl�3?A(NS"$-B10:U7+"$NdF=A�4635@m"$-."$7�A�7/$NM'M/+E.4[R=:n'�{0*�,=A(-&A�-0-J,J3]Fm4635-='�A(7�"+NM"d12"�'S3�NS"$-B10:U7+"$NS@B"+-X;�"$'U'�/$NM'M/$E.;�R�>5')E�R�NS%�@0@&A�-�^ �)A4HA(*=A�'MgV;J35*x-=,�R�46R('M'�*�%�7$7+A�>�E�/$'S:M7+%�7$7+A�>�:M7+%(*�{0>?12R�7+35EQA(7}A�{2'M8�s&%(>9,�%�-�F�-0"+4�/$NS;�"$>9#0"$'zANS"$-&12O�NM-&"$EaA(7+7+A�>]F2#0R�*�,H;�/$*�39*&F2A�7�"+*�,JD2'M'M46R�7+*�86NM"+-&10:M7$"+NM@m"$-�A[:M"$@m"+:S:M/$*�"`-J{0>9>9A[;�R�>5'+^

���

Page 11: Eötvös Loránd Universityphilosophy.elte.hu/leszabo/Preprints/ortvay_preprint.pdf · 2007. 6. 9. · .0/21436587:9=@? 3BAC9 D&EFHGJILKMENI+IPORQSTOVUXWZY\[MYV]TYV^ _`Y8acbdWe_

� ����� � �Q����� �������� ��

�����2���(�!oI7�'a-&"$4 /+NU'S"$4.F�#0R�*�,r#&A"$*�,2:U7+"$N6ANS"$>?AV'S35;J35'S%�:U"+>546/$>9"�'6:U7+"$NS35-='639:6>9/�'S"$7+-0"$EA(7+R�EHA[12"�i�R�NM4H%�l$358�EGFJA�4635NSO�>GAz~�R�NS"$-='M7$KZ"+>546/+>5"$'�@m"+:M7$/$>ZF0A(EJE�R�N�4639/$NM'�\5N]TUAz~�%(-&l$7$R=:�_)R�NMK-0/+>]FG35'U'�A µ�µ!S ^IR�>91&A(>9R�-���A�7�'dFm#&R�*�,}¥no WC3?lt#0"$>?:MR�-2K�WCR�NS>9"$,}EJ\?:U/+NM>9"�'�-0"$*=AV'S\5;�"$NS"+1246/+-=,�"A(NSNtA`E�/+:M7�'S"�'M'M")~�R�NS"$-='M7+"�'dF�#0R�*�, i�"$>5'M/$'M"$>9"$7+7$" ��A�7</$'M"$NS#0"+7<;J39:M7$R�-J,=\5'MR�'U'�46R�7$*�%�:�#&A('S%�:S%(NtAA`46R�7+*�%�:�39Nt%(-J,�%�@&AI"d:UO`'t%b;�R�>?:S%(*�R�E`4["+*�NSgV;J3912D&>5-0"+Ea¬�"+7<A ��3L'S7$*�"+NSA�>912K¦~�R�NS"$-='M7$K]i�/+>5"�E�R�-='MKNtA(E�l$358=:«#039sBR�'M/$7+39:t±²Fm/+:<\5*�,eE�R�46sm"$-07d%(> TUAaA(7$')A`Tn"$>9"$-B:U/+*�"�'dFBA�4["+>5,�4635-B12"$-X4H%�:I"+:M"�'S@B"+-i�"$>9>9/$s0-0"�^ § WC3�A(76#0R�*�,�¥¦i�"$>5'M/�'S"$>9"$7+7$"²§U© �)>9,�A�:M463L'�'M/$'M"+>5"+7zi�"+>]F�A(463�A�NM"+>9A('M39;J3L't%�:M"$>94[/+>5"$':M7$"$NS39-�'�3?:«;VA(-��

�����2��¨�� �JO('dF�4[3�A(7z#0R�*�,e¥Zi�"+>L'S/�'M"+>5"+7$7+"²§²Fm4639E�R�N+FGA(4635'<i�"$>5'M/$'M"+>5"+7�F�A(7z"$*�,J:M7$"+NM�&"$-CEJ3 Tng�-A�EJ>?A�:S:U7+35EJ{&:�|&7$39EVA`'Mg�NM;�/$-J,�"+35@mO�>Z����,=A(E�R�NM>?AV'S35>?A(*�A�WxA!�2Y�"+>5>5K¦"$*�,�"$-0>9"�'S"$EJ-0"+E�A�E�gV;�"�'SE�"+7�K46/$-J,�"��«^5^9^

£�-4["+*eA�7�'`-0"$4�/+NU'S"$4.FG#0R�*�,�#&R�*�,.;VA(-x"$76A ��R�39-&l$A�NM/$K]i�/+>5"zE�R�-=;�"$-&l$35R�-&A(>9397$4�{B:IANS"$>?AV'M39;J3L't%�:M"$>946/$>9"�'U'S"$>�/d:�A[~�R�NS"$-='M7$KZ"+>546/+>5"$'U'M"+>?©��

A -0"+Y«'MR�-03'M/$NS3?12O B � :

����; NM{&1&A(EHNSgV;=3?12{0>9/+:M"

8�NS%�EH>5"+>9A�:M:M{0>?%�:SA/d:«4H%�:�12"$i�R�NS46%�l�398�E �

A�4635E�"�'IA[4[R�7$*=%�:M@&A�#0R�7$R�'U''M"d:n'S"$Ea"+>9:M7$"+-J;�"+10-0"$E

?����

@ � � "$46s039NM39EJ{&:�'M/+-J,�"$E �A WC39-0E�RVYI:MEJ3�=

'M/$NS3?12O B � � NM"+>9A('M39;=3?:M7�'M39EJ{&:�|&7$39EVA�� � � "$46s039NM39EJ{&:�'M/+-J,�"$E ��<Ax"$*�,J:M7$"+NzA�7$R�ErA12"�i�R�NM4H%�l$358�EGF�A�4635EJNSO�>�AQ~�R�NM"+-='M7�K¦"$>946/$>9"�'�@m"+:M7$/+>]F�AXNS"$>?AV'M39;J3L't%�:M"$>5K46/$>9"�'I:M7$"$NS39-�'�3?:«>5/$'M"+7$-0"+EmF0A�EJE�R�N«AzNM"+>9A('M39;=3?:M7�'M39EJ{&:�|&7$39EVA[4[39@m"$-.EJD0>5g�-J@Bg�7$39EaA[~�R�NS"$-='M7$K"$>946/$>9"�'M'MO�> ©�´�A(>?A(4639@B"+-}EJD0>9g�-J@mg�7$-&35")E�"$>9>ZF�-0"+4a©CWC39;�"$>GA�-&"$Y«'MR�-03B'M/$NS3?12O�EJD0>9g�-J@mg�7$39EHAWC39-0E�RVYI:MEJ3LKZ'M/+NM3?12O�'MO�>Z��^9^9^�¤<A0F&"$7�'<Az|&>9R�7+8(|BAz8�Nt%(-e46"$*�E�/$Nt12"$7+7$D0EG�

��� �:*+-+��*�6��:&|�'*+*X�X�m� �|�J�1;j���L� 'h��;j� �j�7*��2&�>� $d�7*���&|�j���P���� �������������������������! ��"�#��$ ���% ���&�$ '�(���)����*\�'*C9-��j�R� �C�,+p�+-`�78 �|�J�M�� �-��h�

���

Page 12: Eötvös Loránd Universityphilosophy.elte.hu/leszabo/Preprints/ortvay_preprint.pdf · 2007. 6. 9. · .0/21436587:9=@? 3BAC9 D&EFHGJILKMENI+IPORQSTOVUXWZY\[MYV]TYV^ _`Y8acbdWe_

���`����� � �Q����� �������� ��

������ B�����¦������¤<Ax35*�"$-�^o E�/$'�"$>946/$>9"�'[sB"+NS:M7$"}A�7$R�-0R�:�"+*�,J4H%�:S:MA�>]F�A(463«ACEJ\9:M/$NS>5"$'M3�'M/�K-J,�"+E�"�'dF2A�46"$*�|&*�,�"$>9#0"�'SO�|B7$39EbA�3=Tn"$>9"$-&:M/$*�"$E�"$'�39>9>5"$'M3Z^��<"`-0"+4 A(7+R�-0R=:MA�E["+*�,J4H%�:S:MA�>B4639-='��� �<  �=�2��������WX"$NM'`AHE�/�'`"$>946/$>9"�'�:M7$"+NM39-=')4H%�:�AH'S/$NS3910Oa*�"+R�46"�'SNM3?%VTUA&^.�I*�,�A(-BA(7�'�A�Tn"�K>9"$-&:M/$*�"�'zA�7H"$*�,J39E\9*�,�F�AX46%�:U39Exw&*�,Q\5N]TUA.>5"�^x��R�-&10R�> TUA(-&A�El$:SA(EQA(NSNSA&F�#0R�*�,QA(7a"+*�,J35E:M7$"$NS39-�'�sm/$>?10%({&>�g�:S:U7+"+A�128212-&A(EHA6:M"$@m"+:S:U/+*�"$EGF2A64H%�:M35Ee:U7+"$NS35-='«-0"$4 �

v

w

o�~�R�NM"+-='M7�K¦"$>946/$>9"�'�:U7+"$NS35-=' ���� ���

� J � 1 =­ ¨� ¯ ¨ �� � O 2 M � 4 M

� � � � �r­o NS"$>?AV'M39;J3L't%�:M"$>946/$>9"�'I:U7+"$NS35-=' �

� � � �� J� ?

���� � � �r­

�dµ

Page 13: Eötvös Loránd Universityphilosophy.elte.hu/leszabo/Preprints/ortvay_preprint.pdf · 2007. 6. 9. · .0/21436587:9=@? 3BAC9 D&EFHGJILKMENI+IPORQSTOVUXWZY\[MYV]TYV^ _`Y8acbdWe_

� ��� ���3 �Q����� �������� ��

�����2���(�!WC"$*=l$:M35-&%�>L'tA�1qA�7�'HAxsm/$>?10%('+F�#&R�*�,rAE�/$'61239"$>9"$E='SNM39EJ{04!#&AV't%(Nt%(-q"+>5#&"$>9,�"$7+"�'M'smR�-='U'Sg�>5'M/+:�'S"$NS"�4635>9,�"+-B©

�����2� ¨ �!WC"$*B^�£�:�g('Sg�:U'�39:«EVA(s0'SA(4 NS%&�� �"�3?:S©

�����2� � ��£�-C39:+F2/+:�A�7`39:�g�'Mg=:«>5"$'U'+^�¤)A0F2-0/+7$7+D0E}46"$*BF2EJ35-0"+Ea4632Tng('M'IEJ3]�

ε 2

ε 1

ε 2

ε 1

�����2� � �! �A�-&%(N�w0Nd����7)#0R�*�,[>5"+#0"�'dF2#0R�*�,z4639-&12E�"�'U'S"$-eg('Mg=:n'�EVA(s2'S{0-0EGF24635E�g�7$@m"$-a'M"$> Tn"�K:M"$-X4H%�:)A(7�"+NM"d1246/$-J,0©��<R�*�,�4H%�:U')-0"z46R�-&1bTUA�EGFmA�7�"$*�,=39E�4["+7$Oe*�g�4z@&:M7$394[46"$'MNS35EJ{&:+FA[4H%�:M35Ea-&"$4.�

��������������� �<NSA�Em��WC39"$>9O('M'�#&AVTn@&A[EVA(s&-&%(-&A�EG^�¤<"$4 ;�"+:M7$39EH/+:M7$NS"�FJ#0R�*�,}A�7)"+*�,J35E�O(TnD0EaA�7"$>9"$E='SNMR�4[R=:�4["+7$O�'�A�7 =� "eK¦46"$7$OV;�"$>ZF2A646%�:U39EJ{0EaA =� � KZ46"$7+OV;�"+>�Tn"+>5>9"$46"+7�'M"b©

oy|&7$39EJ{&:[-0"$4 l$:SA(Erw0*�,q%(>5'SA(>?%(@BA(-P\9N]TUAx>9"CAx;J39>9%�*�R('d� �<A�-0"$4 s0NM"dl�\97$"+-f12"$|&-03?%(>5'|&7+35EVA(3�46"$-0-J,J39:M/$*�"$E�-J,�"$>9;�/+-�^7�<A};=35'S%(Tn{0EGF&;VA(*�,eE�/�'t:U/+*�"$39E}>9"$-&-0/$-0"+EGFB#0R�*�,.AH#&A�:U7+-&%(>5'"$>9-0"+;�"$7+/+:M"$EGF0i�R�*�A�>54HA(EesBR�-='MR�:SA(-.4635'�Tn"+>5"+-�'S"$-0"+EGFmA�E=E�R�NIA�7�')E�"$>9>�'S39:M7�'t%(7$-&35{0EGFm#0R�*�,�A�7A�10R('U'z|&7$39EVA(3«46"$-0-J,J3?:U/+* EJ\9:M/$NS>5"$'M39>5"+*x#0R�*�,Q;VA(-f10"�|&-03?%(>9;VA ^��<A"$7$'�'M3?:M7�'S%�7�'t%(EGF�A(EJE�R�N4635-B12"$-."$*�,�/+NU'S"$>94��0;�/);V%(>939Em^

�����2� ¨ � �<%V'I39*�"+-�� �<D0>9,�/$E};�R�>5'M{&-0EGF2'SA�-&%(N�w0Nd^�´)39:M7$R�-�'I>9"$-&-0"�"$*�,}E�/+NS10/+:M"$4 � ��*�A(7`"+7Az'M/+NI/+:«3?12O[i�R�*=A(>946%�NSA�39:t©

���������������! �"$NS46/+:M7$"�'S"+:M"$-��Qo |B7$39E={B:z:M7+%�46%�NSACAX'M/+Nz/d:�3?12O&F�smR�-='SR�:SA(@0@&A�-qAC'S/$NMK)/+:3?12O�E�R=R�NS1035-&%('SA39:}/$s0smR�>9,�A�-�F«EJ\9:M/$NS>5"$'M39>5"+*c/$NM'M"$>946"$7+"�'U'}|&7$39EVA(3<46"+-0-J,=3?:M/$*&F«4639-�'e@&%(NS4634H%�:+^

��S

Page 14: Eötvös Loránd Universityphilosophy.elte.hu/leszabo/Preprints/ortvay_preprint.pdf · 2007. 6. 9. · .0/21436587:9=@? 3BAC9 D&EFHGJILKMENI+IPORQSTOVUXWZY\[MYV]TYV^ _`Y8acbdWe_

� � ����� � ���3 ������ �������� ��

�����2� ¨ �!WCR�:U'M4H%(N�E�"$7d12"$EX'M"$> Tn"+:M"$-r@m"+l+:MAb;VA�NMR212-03Z^ �)ACA�'M/+N�/+:�3912OCR�>5,=A(-Qi�R�*=A(>94HA(EGFA(4639E�"$'6EJ\?:U/+NM>9"�'S3]F�46/$NS/+:M3�"$> TU%(Nt%�:S:MA�>]F�R�sm"$NtA�l$35R�-&%(>939:z468212R�-j/$NM'M"+>546"+7.AQ|B7$39E={B:$F«A(EJE�R�Nsm/$>?10%({0>�A�:M"$@0@m"+:S:U/+*�g=:M:M7$"dA�10%�:UR=:�sB/+>91&%(@&A�-�F�A�~�R�NS"$-='S7�KZi�/$>9"�|&7+35EJ{&:`/d:`A(7[��35-B:n'S"$39-2K]i�/+>5"|&7+35EJ{&:e-0"$4 {0*�,�A(-BA(7�'e/$NM'M3I'S/$NMKz/d:}3?12O�E�RJR�Nt1235-B%V'SAcA�>9A('U'+^ £�:}-&"$4�{0*�,=A(-&A�7�'a/+NU'S3I¥nAEJ39:ME�R2l+:U3�;�R�-BAV'M#&R�7�;J3?:U7+R�-J,J\L'SR('U'`:U"+@B"d:M:M/$*�"²§�A(>?AV'M'+^`��*�,J39EC:U"+4ª;J35'SA('�TUA0FG#0R�*�,CA(7z"�'tA(>9R�-46/�'S"$NSNMw&1f/+:6A�7�"$'SA�>5R�-P8�NtAQ12"�i�R�NM4H%(>9821239EmF�A(4635E�R�N[i�"$>9;J39:M7$"+4 AQ4[R�7$*�8;�R�-&A('MNtA0^Po<7"$*�,J35EaA[NS"$>?AV'M\9;}:M"$@m"+:S:U/+*[10"�|&-0\?l�398(TU%�@&A(-}|&*�,�"$>9"$4z@B"`;�"d:U7+3G"$7�'<A[12"$i�R�NS46%�l�398('�/+:«;J3?:M:M7+A(KE�R�NMNS39*�%(> TUA0FJA[4H%�:M35Ea-&"$4.^

v

w

o�~�R�NM"+-='M7�K¦"$>946/$>9"�'�:U7+"$NS35-=' �� � � �

� J � 1 =­ ¨� ¯ ¨ �� � O 2 M � 4 M

� � � � �r­o NS"$>?AV'M39;J3L't%�:M"$>946/$>9"�'I:U7+"$NS35-=' �

� � � �� J� ?

���� � � �r­�����2���(����*�"$-�� ��"+NS:M7$"�F«#0R�*�, ��� /+: � � E=D&>5g�-=@mg�7+35EGF«/+:}#0R�*�,fA�7X"$*�,=39EfA�101235'M\9;GF<A4H%�:M35EQ-0"+4��Q_`D0>9g�-J@Bg�7$OC46/$NS/+:M3�{0'SA�:M\5'S%�:S:SA(>�12"$|&-03?%(> Tn{0EcO�E�"�'+F�'S"$#&%('z-0"+4 {&*�,�A�-&A(7+R�-|&7+35EVA(3�46"$-0-J,J39:M/$*�"$EJNSO�>�;VA(-q:M7$8BF�l$:SA(E:M7$"+NM"+-&l$:M/�'S>5"+-r468J10R�-r{0*�,�A(-Jw0*�,x-0"+;�"+7$3�O�E�"$'zAE�/$'«'S%(Nt:SA�:S%(*&��´<3?:M7$R�-=' ��� KZNSO�>G3?:�/+: � � KZNSO�>G3?:«4[39-&12E�"�'M'MOH{0*�,�A(-BA(7�'«46R�-&1VTUA0^

�����2� ¨ � ��39*�,�"$>9"$4z@B"`;�/+;�"�'M"+#&%V'IA6:M7+Ab;VA(EHsmR�-='MR=:«R�sm"$NtA�l$35R�-&A(>939:U'SAITn"$>9"$-='M/d:U/$'+F&A�7�'�E�"+>5>46R�-&1&A(-J{0-0EGF�#0R�*�,�_�o�UXOV_`WZY*'hY Weu`iTUXORQ�STO UTWcSTi _K�k o�UXvtW ]TGCUXORQ�STO UTW:_}]hk`vpk�i²^x��*�,rA(7a"$'SA�>5R�K-0R�E=#&R�7�E�/$sm"+:U'�46R�7$*�8)39-0"+NSl$39A�NM"+-&10:M7$"$NS@m"$-�E�/�'UK¦E�/$'�|B7$39EbA�3246"$-0-J,J39:M/$*�"�'�/$NM'M"+>546"$7+#0"�'SD0-0EEJ\9:M/$NS>9"�'M39>9"$* �

& E A612"�i�R�NM4H%�>L'�46/�'S"$NSNMw&1 � =Q:M7$"+Ni�/$N�Nt%6A[:M7+A�EVA�:M7$NtA � & � �

A 1 = 2 M4 M? E � 4H%�:MR212sB"+NSl$"�'�4�{0'SAV'A[>9"$>?A�:S:U{0>5'�8�NtA � ? � �� � O � M� M��>9>5"$'M;�"�F

&9� E A612"$i�R�NS4H%(>5'«46/$'M"$NSNSw&1 � =c:U7+"$Ni�/$N<NS%[AH:U7dA(EVA�:M7$NtA � &�� � �

? � E � 4H%�:UR212sm"$Ntl�"$'�4z{2'SA('Az>9"$>?A�:S:M{0>L'�8�NSA � ? � � �o E�/�'�"+>546/+>5"$'[A(7+R�-0R=:$F�46"$NM' & /+: ? F�;VA�>9A�4[39-='�@&%�NM46"$>9,�� � & � ? �`|&7+35EVA�3�46"$-&-=,J3?:U/+*

/$NM'M/+E�/+NM"«;�R�-&AV'SE�R�7$8�A�-�{0*�,�A(-BA(7�'�%�>5>9\L']TUA0F�;bA�*�,J3?:�"$7$"+EJ#0"$7�4639-&12E�/$'�"$>946/$>9"�'�{0*�,�A�7$R�EVA('�A�7/$NM'M/+E�"+E�"�'�NS"$-B12"$>93]^ �<A�:UR�-0>98�A(-�F�4635-B12E�/$'z"$>946/$>9"�'�{&*�,�A�7$R�EbA('�AC:U7d%(46/$NM'M/+E�"$E�"�'�NS"$-&12"+>53&�� � ? � /d:�'M"�'t:U7+O�>9"$*�"+:�� � &�� � ? � ��|&7$39EVA(3246"$-&-=,J3?:U/+*�"+E=#&"$7�^�WC35;�"$>2A<|&7$39EVAI'Sg�NS;�/$-J,�"$3�EJ35'M�0-&O="+-EJ3Li�"UTn"$7+#0"�'SO�Er4635-B12E�/$'6;V%�>L'SR�7$8�s&%(N[:U"+*�\5'S:M/$*�/$;�"+>]F�i�R�NM4z{0>?%(39-0EVAV'[A�EV%(N6Ax;�"+:S:U7+O�:+F�A�EV%(NHA;�"d:M:M7$O�'M>9"$-C;V%(>5'MR�7$8�E=@BA(-.i�"$>9\9NM#&A('�Tn{0EG^:F ^�SXW�UTORQ�SXOVUTW4^�xh]}x WJW�U.%�w�UTWZOVUXv�^ 2dOVx v90TiXS&% '`_`v ,�Sji

� D

Page 15: Eötvös Loránd Universityphilosophy.elte.hu/leszabo/Preprints/ortvay_preprint.pdf · 2007. 6. 9. · .0/21436587:9=@? 3BAC9 D&EFHGJILKMENI+IPORQSTOVUXWZY\[MYV]TYV^ _`Y8acbdWe_

Um]�_��XWySTo�� STi��XY�s ���Li�]h_ '`_}^��n_`i�]Tvpu`OV_ We_ �PF�]%U&%�w`YV^ UTO Q�SXOVUXW & � ? Q�UTv~vtw`Y iXS.%�Um^�UTW\vNU1'�Um]XYBWySTojGSTiHY�s �}^�k}k o�s`Y vpu`Wyu}^ vN_h^ ,4Q / % _zQ�u`imYV^ &�� � ? � Q�UTv~vtw`Y iXS.%�Um^�UTW�������2���(��£�:�A�E=E�R�N�A�'S"�s0NSR�@0>9/$4H%�1�3?:�46"$*�R�>?128212R('M'�A ��R�39-&l$A�NM/$K]i�/+>5"�:M/$4H%b;VA(>Z��WC"$NM'M#&R�*�,-0"+4°l$:SA(EkAq|B7$39Eb%('+F�#&A(-&"$4 A+WySXojY�s � %�U k Q�UXWZojY�u )Xu`W Y i�b!%�w�_`vNk ORw�_`v~vN_h^ / o*)X_�OVU _ ^�STWUXORQ�SXOVUXW � � 'M/+NM3?12O6*�"+R�46"�'SNM3?A�� ����� � #�� ����� � � 'S/$NS3912O6*�"$R�46"$'MNS39A���� � � ������� � �l$:SA(E}46%�:�|&7$39EVA(3�46"$-&-=,J3?:U/+*�"+E=E�"$>GEJ3Li�"UTn"$7+;�"�^

�����2��¨�����*�,�;VA�-���of¥Z'S/$NS3912O�*�"$R�4["$'MNS39%(TUAb§�A`E�/�'�"+>546/+>5"$'�:U7+"$NS35-='�>?%V'S:M7$8�>9A�*)¥¦4H%�:n§²F(46"$NM'A�E�/�'�"+>546/$>9"�'�46%�:n'�-0"$;�"$7«'M/+NM-&"$E[/+:�3?12O�-0"$EG^�WC35E�g�7+@B"+-aA(7I"+>5-0"+;�"+7$/+:M"$E�'M3?:U7$'S%(7d%�:SA`{2'S%�-EJ3910"$NSD0>]FB#0R�*�,a4635-B12E�"$'U'MO}{0*�,=A(-&A�7�'�46R�-&1bTUA&�«��7�"$*�,}O�NMD0>9"�'d� o ~�R�NS"$-='S7�K¦"$>94[/+>5"$'�/+:<A�7NS"$>?AV'M39;J3L't%�:M"$>946/$>9"�'�E�g�7$g('M'«l+:MA�Ea>935-0*�;J39:M7�'S35EVA(3�EJD0>9g�-J@&:M/$*[;VA(-��

F o�UTO _`WZY*'}Y Wyu�iXUXORQ�SXOVUXW _�K�k o�UXvtW ]TGCUXORQ�STO UTW@�nUm]@^�SyltUjijWpiXUTQ Q Y �)X_`W6vpUTQ=�nkh]hk`WZW�_ {8]XYV^�u�0 _ ,iXUTQ _H{\]XYV^�_ Y Wyx`o'`SXvtw�Um^�UXW�,�iXUXQ _,WySTojY�s ��%�Umk`Q�UXWJojY�u�)Xu`W�Y O O UTW���UXv���F�]�U&%�w�UXWJOVUXv�� �)/ Wyu�i�� ,Q�UTORw�UXW�IPY vnijWyUTY v$)X_�'�_`imO _`Wyu`o�_�������� G 0mUTv�_ {\]XYV^ b iTkh^�UTO 7Tk %�_�s We_h^ ,M_`v~vtw`Y�'�k ORW�, �nkQ%�w _ {\]XYV^�_STi2_�{\]XYV^�_`Y WeSXojY�s � %�Umk Q�UXWJojY�u�)Xu`vp_}^_�s�s`Y % Y i2Y ijQ�UTojWPWyx`o'`STv~w�UTY W �)('`u`ORWyk}]hf}^�0m_`v�7TU�)XU ]XWyS ^^ Y , Sji0U ]hUm^�UXW _}]��) '`u`ORWyk}]hf}^�_`W k`vtvp_`v~Wef O�^�U ]hs�'�U0WySXojG STi�Y�s �h^�khk`o�s Y vNu Weuh^`vp_}^�^�Um]hs`WyS ^vNU1'`U ]XvtY)�

�CK

Page 16: Eötvös Loránd Universityphilosophy.elte.hu/leszabo/Preprints/ortvay_preprint.pdf · 2007. 6. 9. · .0/21436587:9=@? 3BAC9 D&EFHGJILKMENI+IPORQSTOVUXWZY\[MYV]TYV^ _`Y8acbdWe_

��� ���������e������2� ¨ �! �{&10RJ1�4635'�'SA(>?%(>5'SA�4 A[E�g�-=,J;='S%�NM@BA(-B©< NM3?12*�4HA�-�F ��^�¬ ����µ9� ±�2E �nU:K�kQ%�Y�g k 7%D�k}s�UTojv�� � w�ijY�gTi²FBWXA�l$WC39>5>?A(-�F0¤I"$Y��R�NSEG^��@0@m"$-CNS"$>?AV'S35;J35'S%�:U"+>546/$>9"�'SNMO�>m:M7$8�NM8�>�:U7+8�NtA�{0*�,�A�-&A(7);bA�-.E=35i�"nT�'S;�"�F24[39-='<A(4639NM"`4632Tn{2'SR('UK'M{&-0EeA[4�w&>L'SE�R�Nd^�£�NM'M"+1B© ���=µ9� K¦@m"$-��£�:�46/+*e'tA(>?%(>5'SA�4 ;VA(>?A(463L'd�H��39-&:n'S"$39-c"$7�'�3?:M4["+NU'S"�F�/d:�;V%(>?A�:M7$R�>L'`NS%&^H �{&10RJ1Q4635't© ��7$'��¥noh'M/$NS3?12O�*�"+R�46"�'SNM3?%VTUA�A`;J35>?%(*�NM8�>=;VA�>58�i�R�*=A(>94630*�R�-&12R�>9E�R210%�:�E=3939-&12{0>98�>5/+sB/d:U"�F�"+*�,�R�>5,=A(-'`u`OV_`iC]XWyu�i²FBA�46"$>9,�"�'�-0"+4 >9"$#0"$'+F0/d:«-0"$4y39:�:M7$D&EJ:M/$*�"+:�"$46s039NS35EJ{&:SA(-.A(>?%V't%(4HA�:M7�'tA(-03Z^ §�

�����2� � �!_�A(@&A�NM/��

� &~�:*����2�|�:*��� � ���� �� �����F�|���m�J�X�P�|�'*�����*��1*��:*+ 2�2$+� �|�Z�Z�C�}�<6����j�+ '$X�P�Z�' '�y��$+�|���:* �2$h���4�|�79 �'8 �C�J� �J� �,��T�j�����)�j� $ �"������� ��� )"����������� �!$ ��)�������������)����!��� ��� )�� �� d�! M�#"}��$h���:8+8 �J��-�� �e���F$+�����:6��J�m���>�7/p��$+����� �}�:*+ 8C$�� 9���j�Z�'8C$+�|�J�C�%$~�j� � -}� &t�j�7*h�J�J�'*��'& �������'*h����� 8+8�� ���)(�9 �)*)*h��� �\�J�j��&C�h���+ � &t�:*��J���|�:*���"#&|�'6��J�7*�� =1� *`�m�h�C��*��:$�J�J�+-h����� �\�m��� �h� � �j�2&|�T�j���� ���-}�,$~�j� �������+8+8��p�� ��79.-h�/(h� �

+


Recommended