Mh- ,e- ekjdM 1 fnfyi eqGwd2 1P a g e

fuexko rk-[ksM] ft-iq.ks ;k xkokP;k izkd`frd oSf’k"Vîkkapk vH;kl

Mh- ,e- ekjdM

lgk¸;d izk/;kid vkf.k

Hkwxksy foHkkxizeq[k

gqrkRek jktxq: egkfo|ky;] jktxq:uxj]

rk-[ksM] ft-iq.ks महाराष्ट्र

fnfyi eqGwd

lgk¸;d izk/;kid] Hkwxksy foHkkx]

gqrkRek jktxq: egkfo|ky;] jktxq:uxj]

rk-[ksM] ft-iq.ks महाराष्ट्र

fuexkao gs xko iq.ks ftYgîkkrhy [ksM rkyqD;kr fHkekunhP;k dkBh olysys vkgs- ;k xkokph izkd`frd

jpuk lafeJ Lo:ikph vkgs- xkokP;k nf{k.k gn~nho:u fHkek unh okgrs- nf{k.ksdMwu tltls mRrjsdMs

tkos rlr’kh izns’kkph maph ok<r tkrs- xko fHkekunhP;k eSnkukr olys vkgs- xkokP;k mRrjsdMs

Mksaxjjkax vkgs- R;k jkaxkuk osxosxGh LFkkfud ukos vkgsr- ;k Mksaxjkaoj vusd vks<s mxe ikorkr vkf.k

nf{k.ksdMs okgr tkÅu fHkek unhl feGrkr-

izLrkouk

egkjk"Vªkrhy n[[kuP;k iBkjoj lg;knzhP;k dq’khr vlysyk iq.ks ftYgk gk fofo/k oSf’k"V;kauh le`/n

vkgs- iq.ks ftYgîkkyk T;kizek.ks ,sfrgkfld okjlk ykHkysyk vkgs] R;kpizdkjpk laiUu HkkSxkfyd

okjlkgh ykHkysyk vkgs- egkjk"Vªkrhy tSofofo/krk laiUu vlysyh vusd fBdk.ks vkgsr] R;kiSdhp ,d

fBdk.k Eg.kts iq.ks fTkYg;krhy [ksM rkyqdk gks;- ;k rkyqD;kr ,dq.k 192 xkos vkgsr- fuexko gs

R;kiSdhp ,d ,sfrgkfld okjlk ykHkysys xko gks;- fuexko gs xko rkyqD;kP;k iwosZdMhy Hkkxkr

olysyys vkgs-

jktxq:uxjP;k iwosZl vkB fdeh varjkoj fuexko gs xko olys vkgs- jktxq:uxjo:u nkoMh

ekxsZ vkGanhyk ,d ekxZ tkrks- ;k ekxkZoj jktxq:uxjiklwu 8 fd-eh varjkoj fuexko vkgs- ;k

xkokrwu ,d ekxZ vkGanhl tkrks- fuexkoP;k mRrjsl jsVoMh] nf{k.ksl okVsdj okMh] iwosZl nkoMh

vkf.k if’pesl [kjiqMh gh xkos vkgsr- fuexko fHkek unhP;k dkBh olysys Vqenkj xko vkgs-

xkoBk.kkps ,dw.k {ks=QG ngk ,dj vkgs- rj xkokPks f’kokj ,dw.k 574 gsDVjoj foLrkjysys vkgs-

Mh- ,e- ekjdM 1 fnfyi eqGwd2 2P a g e

xkokP;k mRrjsl ekrZaM VsdMh ukokpk Mksaxj vkgs- vkf.k Hkjiwj izek.kkr likV ekGjku miyC/k

vkgs- eSnkukapk fopkj djrk laiw.kZ xko gs ,dk eSnkukoj olysys vkgs-

xkoBk.kkcjkscjp vkliklP;k fofo/k okMîkakoLR;kaoj yksdoLrh fo[kqjysyh fnlwu ;srs- R;ke/;s

dkjHkkjh oLrh] vk..kk oLrh] nsÅGokMk] Hkxr oLrh] HkksaMos oLrh] dkGs oLrh] ?kkV oLrh] f’kansoLrh]

BkdjokMh] rkacscLrh] ckSn~/k oLrh] b- fofo/k ukos vlysyh gh fBdk.ks vkgsr-

vH;klkps mn~ns’k &

1-fuexko xkokP;k gn~nhrhy izns’kkP;k Hkwi`"Bjpuspk vH;kl dj.ks-

2-fuexko xkogn~nhrhy tyiz.kkyhpk vH;kl dj.ks

vH;kl in~/krh &

1- fuexkaoke/;s izR;{k tkÅu losZ{k.k dsys-

2- Vksiks’khVP;k lgk¸;kus leksPpjs"kk vk[kY;k

3- th-vk;-,l-P;k lkgk¸;kus Hkwjpusps udk’ks r;kj dsys-

HkkSxksfyd LFkku &

HkkSxksfydn`"Vîkk dks.kR;kgh LFkGkps LFkku nksuizdkjs lkaxrk ;srs- ,d fujis{k LFkku] o nqljs

lkis{k LFkku- fujis{k LFkku gs v{ko`Rrs o js[ko`Rrs ;kaP;k lanHkkZr lkafxrys tkrs rj lkis{k LFkku gs

vktwcktwP;k HkkSxksfyd fLFkrhP;k lanHkkZr lkafxrys tkrs-

fuexko gs xko iq.ks ftYgîkkrhy [ksM rkyqD;kr vkgs- iq.ks ftYgk gk if’pe egkjk"Vªkrhy

e/;orhZ fBdk.kh vlysyk egRokpk ftYgk vkgs- [ksM rkyqdk mRRkj iq.ks ftYgîkkrhy ,d rkyqdk

vkgs- ;k rkyqD;kpk vkdkj ykacqGdk vlwu rks ok;O;sdMwu vkXus;sdMs iljysyk vkgs- Hkhek’kadj gs

;k rkyqD;kps ok;O;sps ‘’ksoVps Vksd vlwu r qGkiwjtoG Hkhek & banzk;.khpk laxe gs vkXus;sps Vksd

vkgs- ok;O;sdMwu vkXus;sdMs tkrkuk rkyqD;kpk foLrkj ok<r tkrks- ;k rkyqD;krwu Hkhek o Hkkek ;k

u|k okgr xsY;k vlwu vkXus; gh R;kaP;k izokgkph fn’kk vkgs- rkyqD;kP;k mRrjsl vkacsxko rkyqdk]

iwosZl f’k:j rkyqdk] nf{k.ksl gosyh rkyqdk] uS_R;sl ekoG rkyqdk vkf.k if’pesl jk;xM

ftYgÓkkrhy dtZr rkyqdk vkgs-

Mh- ,e- ekjdM 1 fnfyi eqGwd2 3P a g e

fuexkops fujis{k vkf.k lkis{k LFkku iq<hyizek.ks &

1-fujis{k LFkku & fujis{k LFkku gs v{ko`Rrs vkf.k js[kko`Rrs ;kaP;k lanHkkZr lkafxrys tkrs- fuexko ;k

xkokps udk’kkojhy LFkku iq<hyizek.ks lkaxrk ;sbZy& v{ko`Ùkh; LFkku & 18046*30** mÙkj v{ko`Rr

rs 18049*00** mRrj v{ko`Rr- js[kko`Rrh; LFkku & 73055*00** iwoZ rs 73058*00** iwoZ js[kko`Rrs

2-lkis{k LFkku & lkis{k LFkku vktwcktwP;k LFkkuko:u lkafxrys tkrs- fuexko gs iq.ks ftYgîkkrhy

[ksM rkyqD;kr olys vkgs- rs jktxq:uxjP;k vkXus;sl 8 fd-eh- varjkoj vlwu jktxq:uxj &

vkGanh ;k jksMoj vkgs- fuexkoP;k if’pesl [kjiqMh] mRrjsl jsVoMh o xkslklh] iwosZl nkoMh vkf.k

nf{k.ksl okVsdjokMh gh fBdk.ks vkgsr- gs xko fHkek unhP;k dkBh olysys vkgs-

Mh- ,e- ekjdM 1 fnfyi eqGwd2 4P a g e

udk'kk Øekad &1- fuexkopk LFkkun'kZd

udk’kk

fuexko & Hkwi`"Bjpuk

Hkweh mi;kstukoj izR;{k ifj.kke dj.kkjk lokZr egÙokpk ?kVd Eg.kts R;k izns’kkph Hkwi`"Bjpuk

gks;- R;k izns’kkrhy map l[kyi.kk] mapoVs] MksaxjdMs] [kksy n&;k ;k lokZeqGs R;k izns’kkph ,d

vksG[k fuekZ.k gksr vlrs- ;k lokZapk ifj.kke ekuoh thoukoj tlk gksrks rlkp rks ouLirh] izk.kh]

e`nk] gokeku ;kaP;koj ns[khy gksr vlrks- [ksM rkyqD;kyk oSfo/;iw.kZ v’kh Hkwi`"Bjpuk ykHkysyh

vkgs- rkyqD;kpk loZlk/kkj.k mrkj if’pesdM wu iwosZdMs vkgs- vxnh if’pesdMhy cktwl if’pe

?kkVkP;k Eg.ktsp lg;knzhP;k ioZr f’k[kj ifjljkr maph 900 ehVj is{kk tkLr vkgs-

Mh- ,e- ekjdM 1 fnfyi eqGwd2 5P a g e

rkyqD;kP;k e/;orhZ izns’kkr maph 550 rs 900 eh- P;k njE;ku vkgs- rj iwosZdMhy Hkkx

gk 550 ehVjis{kk deh maphpk vkgs- egkjk"Vª ’kklukus [ksM rkyqD;kyk Mksaxjh rkyqdk Eg.kwu ekU;rk

fnysyh vkgs- dkj.k rkyqD;kP;k if’pe Hkkxkr lg;knzh ioZrjkax o ;k ioZr jkaxsP;k mijkaxk ojlqckbZ]

f’kaxs’oj] osGs’oj ;kauh rkyqD;kpk cjkplk Hkkx O;kiysyk vkgs-

;k jkaxke/khy f’kaxs’oj gs rkyqD;krhy lokZr m ap fBdk.k vkgs ;kph maph 1293 ehVj vkgs-

R;k [kkyks[kky daqMs”oj 1206 eh-] lkacjdMk 1129eh- lkSjaxk 1125 eh- gh f’k[kjs vkgsr- [ksM

rkyqD;kph if’pesdMhy lhek if’pe?kkVkus fuf’pr dsyh vkgs ;k fBdk.kph maPkh Hkhek’kadjtoG

1050 i;Zar vkgs- lg;knzh ioZrkyk okanzs o vkaHkw ;k fBdk.kh f[kaMh vkgsr- rkyqD;kr Hkksjfxjh]

eanks’kh] vkOgkV] vkSnj] dqMs] fp[kyxko] ;k ifjljkr MksaxjdM;kapk mrkj rhoz vlY;kus o"kkZ _rwr

vusd /kc/kcs igko;kl feGrkr-

rkyqD;kP;k e/;orhZ Hkkxkr Hkhek o Hkkek ;k un;kaP;k njE;ku dkghlk iBkjh izns’kk vkgs

ikbZV] dksfgaMs] ;k xkokaiklwu ;k iBkjkpk mrkj Hkhek o Hkkek un;kaP;k laxeki;Zar deh gksr xsyk vkgs-

rlsp iwosZdMhy izns’kkr pkd.k] vkGanh njE;kupk iBkjh izns’k] okQxko] xqGk.kh] dusjlj ;k

ifjljkrgh iBkj vk<Gwu ;srs- rkyqD;kr un;kaP;k ik=kyxr pkldeku /kj.k{ks=kP;k [kkyh rlsp [ksM]

pkd.k iklwu nkoMh] vkGanh] ejdG i;Zarpk loZ Hkkx eSnkuh vkgs-

udk'kk Øekad &2- fuexko Hkkjrh; LFkyfunsZ'kd udk’kk

Mh- ,e- ekjdM 1 fnfyi eqGwd2 6P a g e

rkyqD;ke/;s lgîkknzh ioZrkP;k T;k vusd jkaxk iwoZsdMs xsysY;k vkgsr R;kiSdh [ksM

rkyqD;kP;k mÙkj sdMhy Hkkxke/kwup if’pedMwu iwosZdMhy Hkkxkrwu th Mksaxjjkax xsysyh vkgs R;k

MksaxjjkaxsP;k ik;F;kyk xqGk.kh iBkjkP;k ik;F;kyxr fuexko gs xko olysys vkgs- xkokP;k mÙkjsdMhy

cktwyk ekrZaM VsdMh Mksaxj vkgs- ;k MksaxjklHkksorkyh ekGjku vkgs- ;k izns’kkph leqælikVhiklwu

ljkljh maph 600 ehVj vkgs- ;k Mksaxjkpk mrkj nf{k.ksdMhy cktwl fHkek unhP;k ik=kdMs deh deh

gksr tkrks- R;keqGs fuexkokPkh Hkwi`"Bjpuk gh map l[ky ;k Js.khr ;srs-

udk’kk Øekad rhu gk Hkkjrh; losZ{k.k foHkkxkdMwu r;kj dj.;kr ;s.kkjk LFkyfunsZ’kd udk’kk

vkgs- ;k udk’kkpk fujh{k.k dsys vlrk vls fnlwu ;srs dh fuexkoP;k iwosZl nkoMh ;k xkokph gnn~

vkgs- rj if’pesdMh cktwl [kjiqMh cqAA ;k xkokph gnn~ vkgs- xkokP;k nf{k.ksl fHkek gh unh okgrs

vkgs- fofo/k lkadsfrd fpUgs vkf.k [kq.kkaP;’ lgk¸;kus brj lkaLd`frd vkf.k HkkSxksfyd ?kVd

n’kZfo.;kr vkysys vkgsr-

udk'kk Øekad &3- fuexko leksPpjs"kk n’kZd

udk’kk

Mh- ,e- ekjdM 1 fnfyi eqGwd2 7P a g e

ojhy fuexkokrhy leksPp js"kkaP;k vH;klko:u vls Li"V gksrs dh] fuexkoke/khy leksPp

js"kk mRrjsdMhy Hkkxke/;s lokZr tkLr maph 670 ehVj vlwu gk dehrdeh maph fHkek unhP;k

ik=ke/;s 570 ehVj brdh vkgs- fuexko xkoPkk 50 VDD;kgwu vf/kd Hkkx gk 600 rs 650 ehVj

maphP;k njE;ku vkgs ;k Hkkxkr lk/kkj.k iBkjh izns’k vkgs rlsp 590 ehVj maphP;k izns’kkiklwu rs

570 ehVj maPkhP;k izns’kki;Zarpk loZ Hkkx eSnkukuh O;kiysyk vkgs- ;k eSnkuh l[ky Hkkxke/;s mRRke

izdkjph e`nk vlwu tyflapukP;k mRre izdkjP;k lqfo/kk miYkC/k vlY;kkus ;sFks ckxk;rh ’ksrh dsyh

tkrs-

udk'kk Øekad &4- fuexko Hkwi`"Bkpk mrkjn’kZd

udk’kk

ojhy udk’kk Øekad ikp gk thvk;,l iz.kkyhe/;s r;kj dj.;kr vky syk vkgs- ;k udk’kkps

fujh{k.k dsys vlrk Hkwi`’BkP;k loZlk/kkj.k mrkjkph dYiuk ;s.;kl enr gksrs- Hkwi`"Bjpuspk vH;kl

djr vlrkuk Hkwi`"Bkpk mrkj dks.kR;k fn’ksyk vkgs gh ckc vfr’k; egÙoiw.kZ vlrs- fuexko ;k

Mh- ,e- ekjdM 1 fnfyi eqGwd2 8P a g e

xkokP;k laiw.kZ ifjljkpk HkkSxksfyd vH;kl dsyk vlrk vls fun’kZukl ;srs dh] Hkwi`"Bkpk loZlk/kkj.k

mrkj gk mRrjsdMwu nf{k.ksdMs vkgs- fuexko xkoP;k mRrjsdMhy Mksaxjjkaxk ;k nf{k.ksdMhy fHkek

unhP;k ik=kdMs mRkjR;k gksr xsysY;k vkgsr- ;k Mksaxjjkaxke/;s mxe iko.kk&;k vks<;kaps izokg gs fHkek

unhl ;sÅu feGrkr-

udk'kk Øekad &5- fuexko Degital Elevation

Model

fuexko gs xko Hkhek unhP;k dkBh olysys vkgs- gs xko Hkhek unhP;k mRrjsl vl.kkÚ;k ekrZaM

MkssaxjkP;k ik;F;kiklwu FkksMsls nwj vkgs- ;k xkokP;k nf{k.ksl Hkhek unh o if’pesl [kjiqMh gs xko

vkgs- fuexko gs xko leqnzlikVh iklwu 2200 QqV maphoj olysys vkgs- xkokP;k mRrjsl ekrZaM

VsdMh vlwu frph maph 2573 QqV vkgs- ;k VsdMhoj fuexko nkoMhps izfln~/k [kaMksck eafnj olys

vkgs-;k Mksaxjkpk Hkkx vlkp iq<s bZ’kkU;sdMwu iwosZdMs xsysyk vkgs- iwosZdMs nkoMhdMs xsysY;k Mksaxj

jkaxsl rqdkbZps Mksaxj Eg.krkr- ;k Mksaxjkoj likV ekGjkus vkgsr- R;kauk xk;jku vkf.k dqjk.k vls

Eg.krkr- xkokP;k iwosZl Fkkikpk Mksaxj vkgs-

Mh- ,e- ekjdM 1 fnfyi eqGwd2 9P a g e

udk'kk Øekad &6- fuexko Hkwi`"Bkpk mrkjn’kZd

udk’kk

fuexkopk mRrjsdMhy Hkkx MksaxjkG izns”kkus vkf.k nÚ;k [kksÚ;kauh O;kiysyk vkgs- ;k

ekGjkukaoj ls> izdYikph mHkkj.kh dsysyh vkgs- mRrjsdMwu nf{k.kdMs ;kos rlr’kh izns’kkph maph deh

deh gksr tkrs- MksaxjkG ekGjku laiY;kuarj ekGxkGkpk Hkkx ;srks- R;kuarj fHkek unhP;k vkf.k frP;k

miizokgkaP;k lap;u dk;kZeqGs r;kj >kysY;k lqihd xkGkP;k eSnkukpk Hkkx nf{k.ksdMs unhi;Zar

iljysyk vkgs-

fuexkokaph Hkwjpuk cjhp’kh vkscM/kkscM vkf.k dkgh izek.kkr likV eSnkuh vkgs- [kkyhy

udk’kke/;s HkwmBko fnlwu ;sr vkgsr-

Mh- ,e- ekjdM 1 fnfyi eqGwd2 10P a g e

udk'kk Øekad &7- fuexko HkwmBkon’kZd udk’kk

tyiz.kkyh &

[ksM rkyqD;kpk Hkkx gk Ñ".kk unhph miunh vlysY;k Hkhek [kks&;kpk vkgs- Hkhek

unhpk mxe ;k rkyqD;ke/khy Hkhek’kadj ;sFks 1015 ehVj maphoj gksrks- Hkhek gh rkyqD;krhy izeq[k

iwoZ okfguh unh vkgs- Hkhek unh f’kok; Hkkek] banzk;.kh] osG ;k unîkkgh rkyqD;krwu okgrkr- ;kiSdh

Hkkek unhpk mxe if’pe ?kkVkrhy i<jokMh ;k xkoktoG gksrks- iq<s gh unh ’ksyfiaiGxkoktoG Hkhek

unhl feGrs- ;k unhoj djatfoghjs ;k xkoktoG ^Hkkek vkl[ksM* ;k ukokus /kj.k cka/k.;kr vkys

vkgs- banzk;.kh unh rkyqD;kph nf{k.k lhek fuf’pr djrs o iq<s rqGkiwj ;k fBdk.kh Hkhek unhl

feGrs- ^osG* gh vkacsxko rkyqD;krhy osGs’oj ;sFks mxe ikors- lkrxko iBkj izns’kkrwu okgr tkÅu

rkyqD;krhy iwosZdMhy okQxko] o:Ms] dusjlj ;k xkoke/kwu okgrs- ;k f’kok; vkjGk unh

lg;knzhP;k ekF;koj rkacMsokMh ;sFks mxe ikors o okMk xkoktoG Hkhek unhl feGrs- vkjGk unhl

fp[kyxkoktoG ^;s.kksjk* unh ;sÅu feGrs- vkjGk ;k unhojgh dGeksMh ;sFks ,d /kj.k cka/k.;kr

Mh- ,e- ekjdM 1 fnfyi eqGwd2 11P a g e

vkys vkgs- ;k f’kok; f’kaxs’oj Mksaxjkoj mxe iko.kkjh o iwosZdMs okg.kkjh dqeaMyk unh dMwl

xkoktoG Hkhek unhl feGrs-

udk'kk Øekad &8- fuexko

tyiz.kkyh

fuexkoP;k {ks=ke/;s ekrZaM VsdMh vkf.k rqdkbZpk Mksaxj ;k Mksaxjkrwu vusd izokg mxe ikorkr

vkf.k nf{k.ksdMs ;sowu fHkek unhl feGrkr- ;kiSdh ekrZaM Mksaxjkr ok.;kpk vks<k mxe ikorks- rlsp

rqdkbZP;k Mksaxjkojhy dqj.k ;k Hkkxkrwu eqDrkbZpk vks<k okgr tkrks rlsp ;kp Hkkxkrwu mxe ikowu

iwosZdMwu lk;ackpk vks<k okgrks- gs nksUgh xkokP;k Qkj eksBîk f’kokjkrwu okgr tkrkr vkf.k fHkek

unhyk feG.;kP;k vxksnj ,desdkl feGrkr- uarj R;kapk la;qDr izokg fHkekunhl feGrks- eqDrkbZpk

vks<k vkf.k lk;ackpk vks<k ;kauk vusd miizokg] vksgksG vkf.k >q&;k ;sowu feGrkr- ;k lokZauh ,d

o`{kkdkj tyiz.kkyh fodlhr dsyh vkgs- ;k f’kok; [kjiqMh vkf.k fuexko ;kaph gnn~ T;k vks<;kus

fuf’pr dsyh vkgs] rks vkacs vksgG gk vks<k okdGokMh] xqGk.khP;k Ikfjljkr mxe ikoRkks-

fu"d"kZ &1- fuexkaoph Hkwjpuk mapl[ky vkgs-

2- xkoP;k mRrjsl ekrZaM VsdMh vkf.k rqdkbZps Mksaxj ;k Mksaxjjkaxk iljysY;k vkgsr-

Mh- ,e- ekjdM 1 fnfyi eqGwd2 12P a g e

3- xkokP;k mRrjsdMwu tltls nf{k.ksdMs tkos rlr’kh izns’kkph maph deh deh gksrs-

4- xkoP;k gn~nhrwu lk;ackpk vks<k]eqDrkbZpk vks<k] vkacsvksgksG] ok.;kpk vks<k ;klkj[ks vks<s

nf{k.ksdMs okgr tkÅu fHkek unhl feGrkr-

lanHkZ xzaFk

1. An Introduction to Geographical Information Systems – third

edition – Ian Heywood, Sarah Cornelius, Steve carver

2. Geomorphology – Savindra singh

3. Hkwxksykph ewyrRos & [kaM 1 & ,-ch-lonh

4. Ikzkd`frd Hkwxksy & nkrs vkf.k lkS- nkrs-

5. izkd`frd Hkwxksy & MkW- lqjs[kk iafMr

6. egkjk”Vªkpk Hkwxksy & ds-,-[krhc