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IIT Bombay MIT 2002 Miniature Aerial Vehicle Design Build & Fly Lecture 1: MAV Design Lecture 1 MAV Design
IIT Bombay
MIT 2002
MiniatureAerial
Vehicle
DesignBuild
& Fly
Lecture 1: MAV Design
Lecture 1
MAV Design
IIT Bombay
MIT 2002
MiniatureAerial
Vehicle
DesignBuild
& Fly
Lecture 1: MAV Design
Features of MAV Design
� Many engineering disciplines are involved
� All disciplines must work “together”
� Highest quality of technology is demanded
IIT Bombay
MIT 2002
MiniatureAerial
Vehicle
DesignBuild
& Fly
Lecture 1: MAV Design
Major Engineering Disciplines
� Aerodynamics
� Structures
� Propulsion
� Control
IIT Bombay
MIT 2002
MiniatureAerial
Vehicle
DesignBuild
& Fly
Lecture 1: MAV Design
Aerodynamics
� Decides the shape of the aircraft
� Lift generated by wing supports aircraft weight
� Airfoil selection; shape & size of wing
� Flight at Low Reynolds number
¾ 40000 - 100000
¾ Different Aerodynamic behaviour
¾ Special Airfoils needed
IIT Bombay
MIT 2002
MiniatureAerial
Vehicle
DesignBuild
& Fly
Lecture 1: MAV Design
Airfoils
IIT Bombay
MIT 2002
MiniatureAerial
Vehicle
DesignBuild
& Fly
Lecture 1: MAV Design
Structures
� Gives shape and maintains it in flight
� No analysis tools are used
� Design based on intuition and experience
� No design procedures, only guidelines
IIT Bombay
MIT 2002
MiniatureAerial
Vehicle
DesignBuild
& Fly
Lecture 1: MAV Design
Structures
� Balsa wood
� Reinforcements for additional strength
� Covered with strong polymer film
� Foam construction
IIT Bombay
MIT 2002
MiniatureAerial
Vehicle
DesignBuild
& Fly
Lecture 1: MAV Design
Structures
IIT Bombay
MIT 2002
MiniatureAerial
Vehicle
DesignBuild
& Fly
Lecture 1: MAV Design
Propulsion
� Reaction of this system moves the aircraft
� Motor-propeller combination to be chosen
� Motor
¾ IC engine - 2/4 stroke
¾ Electric
� Propellers
¾ Fixed pitch
IIT Bombay
MIT 2002
MiniatureAerial
Vehicle
DesignBuild
& Fly
Lecture 1: MAV Design
Size Weight Power Max RPM
CID oz bhp
0.09 0.49 0.25 30000
1.60 33.0 3.60 10000
IC Engines
IIT Bombay
MIT 2002
MiniatureAerial
Vehicle
DesignBuild
& Fly
Lecture 1: MAV Design
Power loading = weight of aircraft (oz)
engine size (cid)
Model Type Power loading
High speed 200-250
Moderate speed sport 250-300
Low speed trainer 300-up
Gliders none
Power Loading
IIT Bombay
MIT 2002
MiniatureAerial
Vehicle
DesignBuild
& Fly
Lecture 1: MAV Design
Model Type Wing loading Aspect Ratio
High speed 22-26 4-6
Moderate speed sport 16-22 6-8
Low speed trainer 12-16 8-10
Gliders 8-14 8-15
Wing Loading
Wing loading = weight of aircraft (oz)
wing area (sq. ft.)
IIT Bombay
MIT 2002
MiniatureAerial
Vehicle
DesignBuild
& Fly
Lecture 1: MAV Design
Control
� Helps in getting the desired flight path
� Primary surfaces
¾ Elevator
¾ Aileron
¾ Rudder
� Sizing & Location
IIT Bombay
MIT 2002
MiniatureAerial
Vehicle
DesignBuild
& Fly
Lecture 1: MAV Design
� AM / FM ; PPM / PCM
� Transmitter / Receiver
¾ 3 to 8 channels
¾ Commonly used 4 to 6 channels
� Actuators - Servo motors
� Works on PWM signal
� Torque from few gm-cm to kg-cm
with 180 degrees throw
R/C Control System
IIT Bombay
MIT 2002
MiniatureAerial
Vehicle
DesignBuild
& Fly
Lecture 1: MAV Design
Classification of MAVs
� Trainer
� Sport
� Glider
IIT Bombay
MIT 2002
MiniatureAerial
Vehicle
DesignBuild
& Fly
Lecture 1: MAV Design
� Used for developing flying skills
� Ease of flying is main criterion
� Highly stable, low flying speeds
� High wing with moderate dihedral
Trainer
IIT Bombay
MIT 2002
MiniatureAerial
Vehicle
DesignBuild
& Fly
Lecture 1: MAV Design
� For aerobatics
(loop, spin, inverted)
� Highly maneuverable
� Low static margin
� Symmetric airfoil
� Large control surfaces
Sports
IIT Bombay
MIT 2002
MiniatureAerial
Vehicle
DesignBuild
& Fly
Lecture 1: MAV Design
� Low speed
� No engine
(except to take the glider up)
� High aerodynamic efficiency
� Highly stable
Glider
IIT Bombay
MIT 2002
MiniatureAerial
Vehicle
DesignBuild
& Fly
Lecture 1: MAV Design
Lecture 1
MAV Design
