Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti

pirovneba

kultura

sazogadoeba

socialur mecnierebaTa aqtualuri problemebi

eduard koduas dabadebis 80 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnili samecniero konferenciis

(23-24 oqtomberi 2009) masalebi

Tbilisi 2010

anotacia

konferenciismasalebiskrebulimoicavsTsu-ssocialur

da politikur mecnierebaTa fakultetis profesorTa da

doqtorantTa naSromebs, sadac ganxilulia Tanamedrove mso-

flios, kerZod ki saqarTvelosTvis aqtualuri socialuri

da politikuri problemebi,xSir SemTxvevaSi mocemulia maTi

gadaWrisoptimalurigzebida saSualebebi.

statiaTa avtorebi, ara marto sxvadasxva Taobebsa da

socialur mecnierebaTa gansxvavebul dargebs ganekuTnebian,

aramed problemebis xedvis gansxvavebuli manera da pozicia

aqvT, rac aZnelebs krebulis erTiani suliskveTebis da sti-

lisdacvas.amitomSeiZlebaerTsadaimaveproblemisSesaxeb

dapirispirebuli Tvalsazrisebi da midgomebi dainaxoT. rac

CveniazriT,kiaramcrobskrebulismecnierulRirebulebas,

aramed piriqiT.

vimedovnebT, rom krebuli saintereso aRmoCndeba yvela

Taobis inteleqtualisTvis da sargeblobas moutans qarTul

sazogadoebas.

samecnieroredaqtori:filosofiisdoqtori amiran berZeniSvili

recenzentebi:

1. valerianramiSvili,filosofiur mecnierebaTadoqtori

2.revazjorbenaZe,fsiqologiis mecnierebaTadoqtori

3. mariwereTeli,filologiisdoqtori

ISBN 978-9941-0-2969-1

3

sarCevi

winasityva (amiran berZeniSvilis) .....................................................7

donaZe naTela

eduard kodua rogorc pirovneba da mecnieri .......................14

CikvilaZe dali

eduard kodua,qarTvel publicistTa wignebis

Semdgeneli da redaqtori .............................................................28

abaSiZe zviadi, dundua salome

eTnikuri identobebi da samoqalaqo integraciis

sakiTxi saqarTveloSi .....................................................................36

belqania nodari

definiciis problema da sokrates logikuri

memkvidreoba ......................................................................................57

berZeniSvili amirani

informaciul-teqnologiuri revolucia da misi

kulturuli Sedegebi ....................................................................80

biWikaSvili ira

realobis amsaxveli forma. ra aris infografika? ..............99

gersamia mariami

Tanamedrove sagazeTo statiis saxeebi: editoriali

da opedi ............................................................................................106

goroSiZe giorgi, a. sxirtlaZe, x. matkava

qarTuli organizaciuli kulturis genderuli

Taviseburebani ................................................................................118

danelia rozeta

adamiani da Tanamedroveoba .......................................................130

dolbaia Tamari

Tavisufali ekonomikuri zonebis msoflio

gamocdileba da saqarTvelo ......................................................138

4

doliZe maka

XX saukunis pirveli naxevris politikuri movlen ebis

asaxva JurnalSi `eri~ ....................................................................156

kalandariSvili maia

samomxmareblo arCevanis fsiqologiuri

determinantebi ...............................................................................165

kankia nargiza

kino gadacema `wiTeli zona~ ......................................................184

kvinikaZe giorgi

migracia da eri – saxelmwifos geo ekonomikuri

problemebi transnacionalizaciisa da

trans lokalurobis koncefciebSi ...........................................196

kaWkaWiSvili iago

sazogadoebrivi azris cvlilebebi

saqarTve lo-ruseTis omis Suqze ..............................................218

lomiZe marine

krizisuli komunikaciis roli P PR– saqmi anobaSi ................240

maRraZe guguli

demokratiis perspeqtivebi gardamaval qveynebSi ...............256

malxaz macaberiZe

ivane javaxiSvili da saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi

mSeneblobis ZiriTadi sakiTxebi (1919 weli) .........................269

memaniSvili magda

geronti qiqoZe da gazeTi `saqarTvelo~ (1915-20) ............. 283

osefaSvili dali

rogor Secvala web-ma swavleba – personal uri

veb-gverdidan LMS-mde (Jurnalisturi ganaTlebis

magaliTze) ....................................................................................... 294

saluqvaZe iosebi, gogiSvili daviTi

`TviTSemoqmedebiTi urban iz mi~ TbilisSi: `miSenebebi~

da samosaxlo garemos gardaqmna dedaqalaqis

sacxovrebel masivebSi .................................................................307

5

sumbaZe nana

agvistos omi: mosaxleobis Sefasebebi da ganwyobebi .........324

Rvineria irine

multimediuri formebis gamoyenebis pirveli

Sedegebi Jurnalisturi ganaTlebis sistemaSi ....................343

wereTeli baaduri

brendis roli regionis kulturuli landSaftis

CamoyalibebaSi da qveynis ekonomikur ganviTar ebaSi

(borjomis magaliTze) ..................................................................356

yifiani giorgi

samoqalaqo sazogadoeba mcirewlovanTa dacva mediis

mavne zegavlenisagan saqarTveloSi .........................................366

xutaSvili mari

socialuri ekologia da sociologia .....................................389

javaxiSvili nino, xositaSvili maia, siraZe nino,

Zagania lika, iohan Snaideri.

qarTvel da germanel morwmuneTa Sedareba locvis

aspeqtebis mixedviT .......................................................................399

399

nino javaxiSvili, maia xositaSvili,

nino siraZe, lika Zagania,

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisissaxelmwifo universiteti

iohan Snaiderizaarlandis universiteti

qarTvel da germanel morwmuneTa Sedarebalocvis aspeqtebis mixedviT

religiuri rwmenis indikatorialocva, romelic warmoad-

gens `religiis sulsa da arss~ (Josephs, 1998). aSS-Si Catare-

bulmakvlevebmaaCvena,romadamianebisakmaodxSiradloculo-

ben(amerikelTa90%zogjermaincloculobs(Gallup Organiza-

tion, 1993). esexebarogorceklesiaSimosiarulemlocvelebs,

asevemaT,vinceklesiaSiardadis.kvlevebismixedviT,aTeiste-

bic ki loculoben. mlocvelTagan umravlesoba sxvebTan erT-

adlocvas Cumadlocvas amjobinebs. aseveumravlesobas swams,

rommaTilocvaSesmeniliqneba (97%),pasuxicgaecema,darom

locva maT ukeTes adamianebad aqcevs (86%) (Josephs, 1998).

mlocvelTa77% kmayofilia aseTicxovrebiT. mravali adamiani

iyenebslocvas,raTagadaWrascxovrebiseulisirTuleebi,daZ-

lios janmrTelobis problemebi. locva daZlevis strategiaa

da mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs stresul situaciebSi, avad-

myofobis, frustraciis da sxvadasxva mZime danakargebis dros.

uaryofiTma da dadebiTma emociebma SeiZleba gazardonlocvis

sixSire.usiamovnosituaciaSiizrdebaTxovniTilocvissixSi-

400

re,sasiamovnosdroski–madlierebiTilocvissixSire(Harris,

Schoneman, Carrera, 2005).

locvis intimurobidan gamomdinare, misi empiriuli aRwera

rTulia.saqmesisicarTulebs,romsxvadasxvareligiurganzo-

milebasa da fsiqikur janmrTelobas Soris arsebuli kavSiris

Sesaxeb monacemebi xSirSemTxvevaSiorazrovanidaurTierTsa-

winaaRmdegoa. igive SeiZleba iTqvaslocvis kavSirze adamianis

fsiqikurdafizikurjanmrTelobasTan (Harris, Schoneman, Car-

rera, 2005).

monacemTa amgvari aRrevis mizezi SeiZleba dakavSirebuli

iyoslocvis definiciis sakiTxTan, terminis standartizaciis

problemasTan.iTvleba,romlocvaRmerTTankomunikaciisgzaa,

komunikaciis terminis qveS SesaZlebelia mravalgvari qceva

igulisxmebodes. aqedan gamomdinare, arsebobslocvis tipebisa

dafunqciebis klasifikaciis problema. cnobilia elkinis mier

SemoTavazebulilocvistipebi:gamomqomagebeli(qomagi)daCa-

fiqrebuli (moazrovne); riCardsis TxovniTi da urTierTobis;

melonisa da finis verbaluri da meditaciuri locvis tipe-

bi. magram am tipologiebze dayrdonibiT ver moxerxdalocvis

sakvlevi validuri testis Seqmna. igive suraTs vxedavT loc-

vis funqciebis klasifikaciis SemTxvevaSic,locvis funqciebs

Soris gamoyves: moTxovnilebis gamoxatva, rwmenis ganmtkiceba,

relaqsacia,desensitizaciadasxva.magramesfunqceibiempiri-

uladvaliduriararis(Ladd, Spilka, 2002; Richards, 1991;Finney,

Malony, 1985; Byrd & Boe, 2001; Harris, Schoneman & Carrera ,

2005; Maltby, Lewis & Day, 1998).

401

reliigis fsiqologiaSi arsebuli `SeTanxmebulobis hipo-

Tezis~mixedviT,locvissixSiredasaerTodadamianisreligi-

uroba, rwmena da qcevebi damokidebulia imaze, igi amrideblu-

ri Tu mSfoTvare tipia. pirvel SemTxvevaSi adamiani erideba

urTierTobebs sxvebTan, adamianebTan kontaqti misTvis diskom-

fortswarmoadgens.meoresdrossaqmegvaqvsuaryofisdamito-

vebisSiSTan.erT-erTikvlevisSedegaddadginda,romzemoTxse-

nebulitipebi kavSirSi iyo imasTan, mimarTavdaTu aralocvas

adamiani stresul situaciaSi. amridebluri tipi stresuli

situaciis dros ar mimarTavs locvas, radgan locva mxolod

gazrdis mis diskoforts. misgan gansxvavebiT, araamridebluri

tipistresulisituaciebisdrosmimarTavslocvas.mSfoTvare

tipiamgvarsituaciebSimxolodTxovniTlocvasambobs(Byrd,

Boe, 2001).

locvis saintereso klasifikacias gvTavazoben poloma da

pendletoni. maT mier gamoyofili locvis oTxi saxe sxva av-

torebmaSemdgomkvlevebSigamoiyenes(Beasler, 2002;McCullough,

Larson, 1999;Laird, Snyder, Rapoff, Green, 2004):

WvretiT-meditaciurimlocvelsRvTaebrivTanintimuri,pi-

radi urTierToba aqvs; iyenebs daZlevis religiur meqanizmebs

(sulieridasayrdenisZieba),racxSiraddakavSirebuliacxovre-

biseuli stresuli situaciis Semdgom periodTan; amsubuqebs

dapozitiurcvlilebebsiwvevsfsiqologiursimptomatikaSi;

iklebs kunTuridaWimuloba, brazi, SfoTvadadepresia ;

402

ritualuri mlocveli locvans kiTxulobs an damaxsovre-

bullocvebsimeorebs.estipidadebiTkavSirSiacxovrebiseul

keTildReobasTan, religiurkmayofilebasTan;

mTxovneli mlocveli ufals sakuTari Tavisa da sxvaTaT-

vis SesTxovs; Txovna locvis yvelaze primitiuli, pirveladi

formaadapozitiuri,religiuriTusulieri,funqcionirebis

maCvenebelia.amgvarilocvafsiqosocialuristresisniSaniada

aRiniSnebanegatiuricxovrebiseulisituaciisSemdeg.locvis

am saxes iyeneben Zlieri tkivilebis regulirebisa da Semcire-

bisaTvis;

sakuTarisityvebiT mlocveli esaubrebaRmerTs; misiTxov-

nis elementebi ufro specifiuri da konkretulia, vidre mTx-

ovneli mlocvelis. aseT dros adamianebi uflisagan iTxoven:

Zalas, gaZRolas, sxvaTa dalocvas; is erTgvari progresis am-

saxvelia_axalgazrdobidanzrdasrulobamdedapozitiurkav-

SirSiajanmrTelobasa da keTildReobasTan (Poloma, Pendleton,

1989; Poloma, Pendleton, 1990; Poloma, Pendleton, 1991).

gert hofstedes mixedviT, kultura gavlenas axdens re-

ligiaze, Sesabamisad, sxvadasxva religiis warmomadgenlebs

gansxvavebulireligiuriSexedulebebidaqcevebi aramxolod

Tavadrwmenisdogmebidan, aramedamaTuimkulturasTanmikuT-

vnebulobis gamo aqvT. gamonakliss arc qristianoba da masSi

gamoyofili sami msxvili jgufi – protestantebi, kaTolikebi

da marTlmadideblebi warmoadgenen. miuxedavad imisa,rom pro-

testantebi, kaTolikebi da marTlmadideblebi, rigi sxva deno-

403

minaciebisagan gansxvavebiT,Tanxmdebian,rom arsebobs erTiWeS-

mariteba, maT Soris aris sxvaoba hofstedes mier gamoyofil

iseTfsiqologiurganzmilebebze,rogorebicaa:

Zalauflebis manZili

feminuroba-maskulinoba

gaurkvevlobisTavidan arideba

Zalauflebis manZilis konstruqti aRniSnavs, Tu ramdenad

misaRebiaorganizaciaSinaklebiZalauflebismqonewevrisaTvis

ismosazreba,romZalauflebisganawilebaTanabariararis.sxva

sityvebiT, sazogadoebebi gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagn imisda mi-

xedviT, uWeren Tu ara misi wevrebi mxars ierarqias sazogado-

ebaSi. protestantuli religiis mqone qveynebSi Zalauflebis

manZili dabalia, es ufro demokratiuli qveynebia, xolo ka-

Tolikurda marTlmadideblur qveynebSi Zalauflebis manZili

maRalia.qristianulqveynebSiZlieri,maskulinurisazogadoe-

bebiRmerTismniSvnelobisumTavresobasaRiareben.maskulinuri

sazogadoebisaTvis mama RmerTis saxeli mniSvnelovania, xolo

feminur sazogadoebebSi, da aseTebi ZiriTadad protestantebi

arian, ufro SeimCneva sekularizmisaken ltolva. gaurkvevlo-

bis Tavidan arideba niSnavs, rom adamianma ar icis, ra moxdeba

xval, momavali gaurkvevelia, xolo ukiduresi gaurkvevloba

autanelSfoTvasiwvevs. yovelmasazogadoebam amSfoTvisSem-

cirebisgzebimonaxa.esteqnologiis,kanonmdeblobisadareli-

giismeSveobiTmoxda.religiaadamianispiradimomavlismakon-

troleblad miCneul transcedentur ZalebTan dakavSirebis

404

saSualebaa. religia gvexmareba iseT gaurkvevlobas SeveguoT,

romlisganac Tavs ver davicavT. zogierTi religia sicocxlis

Semdeg sikvdilis, an mowinaaRmdegis damarcxebis saboloo ga-

rkveulobas gvTavazobs (Hofstede, Hofstede, 2004).

mravali qveynis monacemebis safuZvelze hofstedem aCvena,

rom zemoT aRniSnul ganzomilebebze protestantebs nakle-

bi qulebi aqvT, vidre marTlmadideblebs (Hofstede, Hofstede,

2004). amrigad, gamoikveTa sainteresogansxvavebebi protestan-

tebsa da marTlmadideblebs Soris. sainteresoa, aris Tu ara

gansxvavebasxvadasxvakulturismorwmuneebsSoris,miTumetes,

TuisinisxvadasxvareligiasmiekuTvnebian.ammizniTSevadareT

erTmaneTsqarTveli–marTlmadidebelidagermaneli–protes-

tantimorwmuneebilocviskuTxiT.SevarCieTlocvisramdenime

komponenti

locvisdaRvTismsaxurebazedaswrebis sixSire;

locvissaxeebi;

locviT kmayofileba.

Sesabamisad, kvlevis kiTxva Semdegnairad Camoyalibda: ra

gansxvavebebia qarTvelda germanel mlocvelebsSoris

•locvisdaRvTismsaxurebazedaswrebis sixSiris

•locvis saxeebisda

•locvis gavlenis mixedviT?

meTodi:

405

gamokiTxva Catarda germaniaSi da saqarTveloSi. qarTuli

SerCeva Sedgeboda 184 morwmunisagan, maTgan, 122 (66,5%) qali

da62(33,5%)mamakaci;110(60,0%)arastudentida74(40,0%)

studenti.asakimeryeobda14 – 83wlamde,xolosaSualoasaki

iyoM = 34,74 (SD = 16,389). kvlevis 182 (98,9%) monawile iyo

marTlmadidebeli,xolo2 (1,1%)– aramarTlmadidebeli. ger-

maniaSi kvleva Catarda206 adamianze, maTgan, 133 (64,6%) qali

da79(34,4%)mamakaci;96(46,8%)arastudentida109(53,2%)

studenti.asakimeryeobda14 – 83wlamde,xolosaSualoasaki

iyoM = 27,32 (SD = 162,657).kvlevis175(85,3%)monawileiyo

protestanti, xolo30 (14,7%)– kaTolike.

instrumentadgamoviyeneTkiTxvari,romelicsaminawilisa-

ganSedgeba.locvissaxeebissazomiskala,locvisgavlenissa-

zomiskaladakiTxvebilocvisdaRvTismsaxurebazedaswrebis

sixSirisSesaxeb. yvela kiTxvalikertisskalistipisaa.

polomasa da pendletonislocvis sazomi skala moicavs 15

debulebas,romlebicadgenenlocvisromelsaxesiyenebsufro

xSiradmlocveli:ritualurs(2debuleba),sakuTarisityvebiT

locvas(6debuleba), meditaciurs(5debuleba)TumTxovnels(2

debuleba). mag., debuleba _ `ramdenad xSirad kiTxulobTlo-

cvans?~Seesabamebaritualurilocvissaxes.debuleba_`ram-

denad xSirad SeigrZnobT, rom RmerTi TqvenTanaa? Seesabameba

meditaciurilocvis saxes da a.S.locvis skalis maqsimaluri

qulaa75.

locvisgavlenissazomiskala9debulebisaganSedgeba.de-

bulebebilocvisdrosaRmocenebulemociurdamokidebulebas

406

daganwyobebsafasebs.skalamoicavsiseTkiTxvebs,rogorebicaa:

`locva amcirebs Cems SiSs~, `locva maniWebs ukeTes emociebs~,

`locvamamSvidebs~dasxv.locvisgavlenissaerTomaqsimaluri

qula aris36.

esoriskalainglisurienidanqarTuladvTargmneT,Semdeg

isev inglisurad. gansvlebis aRmofxvris Semdeg skalebi pilo-

turkvlevaSigamovcadeT,mcireodeniSesworebebisSemdegkiTx-

vari mzad iyo kvlevaSi gamosayeneblad.

Sedegebi:

radganlocvissaxeebisdalocvisgavlenisskalebisaqarT-

veloSi pirvelad tardeboda, qarTul SerCevaze sandoobis Se-

samowmeblad gamovTvaleT maTiα koeficientebi.locvis kiTx-

varis saerTo (15 debuleba) qulis mixedviTα= .8867. locvis

TiToeuli qveskalis mixedviT ki: ritualurilocvaα= .7205,

sakuTari sityvebiT locva α= .8020, meditaciuri locva α=

.7390, mTxovnelilocvaα= .7167. locvisgavlenisskalisalfa

koeficientia α= .9179 amrigad, yvela skala da qveskala san-

doa.

qvemoT mogvyavs qarTveli da germaneli mlocvelebis mona-

cemebi:

locvis sixSiris monacemTa mixedviT, qarTveli da ger-

maneli morwmuneebi arsebiTad gansxvavdebian ori maCvenebliT:

metigermanelimorwmunearloculobsdaSesabamisad,naklebi

germanelimorwmuneloculobsdReSierTxelandReSiramden-jerme (χ2= 98,373, df = 7, p < .000).

407

qarTvelebi germanelebi

saerTodarloculobs 0.5% 8.7%

kviraSiramdenjerme 13% 14.3%

dReSierTxel 20% 13.9%

dReSiramdenjerme 31.9% 24.2%

ufroiSviaTad 34.6% 38.9

χ2= 98.373, df = 7, p < .000

cxrili#1locvis sixSire qarTvel da germanel morwmu-neebTan.

RvTismsaxurebaze daswrebis sixSiris mixedviT, qarTve-lebTan SedarebiT, meti germaneli arasodes dadis eklesiaSi,xolo naklebi dadis kviraSi ramdenjerme (χ2= 41, 551, df = 7,p< .000).

qarTvelebi germanelebi

arasodes 5.9% 11.1 %

kviraSierTxel 20.0% 22.7 %kviraSiramdenjerme 20.5% 8.9 %

ufroiSviaTad 53.6% 57.3%

χ2= 41. 551, df = 7, p < .000

cxrili #2 RvTismsaxurebaze daswrebis sixSire qarTvelda germanel morwmuneebTan.

locvis skalis maqsimaluri 75 qulidan qarTvelebis Ser-Cevam daagrovaM = 51,11 (SD = 10,67). locvis skalaze qulebimeryeobda 15-dan 70-mde. locvis calkeuli saxis mixedviT sa-

SualomonacemebiaseTia:ritualurilocva M =6,82 SD = 2,164,

sakuTarisityvebiTlocvaM = 22,76 (SD = 4,692), meditaciuri

408

locvaM =16,39 (SD = 3,841), mTxovnelilocvaM = 5,17 (SD =

2,257). germanelebis SerCevam daagrovaM = 44,89 (SD = 13,55).

locvis calkeuli saxis mixedviT saSualo monacemebi aseTia:

ritualurilocva M =5,42 SD = 2,742, sakuTarisityvebiTloc-

vaM = 20,43 (SD = 5,298), meditaciurilocvaM =15,02 SD =

4,765, mTxovnelilocvaM = 4,09 SD = 2,763. F (3, 386)=1.153,

p >.05

locvis gavlenis skalis mixedviT maqsimaluri 36 qulidan

qarTvelebmadaagrovesM = 28,79, SD = 5,695.xologermaneleb-

ma: M = 27,93, SD = 6,369. amasTan, locvis gavlenis skalaze

qulebi meryeobda9-dan 36-mde.

korelaciebi:

aRmoCnda, rom qarTvelebis SerCevisaTvis locvis skala

dadebiT korelaciaSia locvis gavlenis skala sTan, locvis

sixSiresa da RvTismsaxurebaze daswrebis sixSiresTan.locvis

gavlenis skala dadebiT korelaciaSia locvis sixSiresa da

RvTismasaxurebaze daswrebis sixSiresTan, aseve Tavad locvis

sixSiresa da RvTismsaxurebaze daswrebis sixSireebs Sorisac

dafiqsirdadadebiTikorelacia.yvelaeskorelaciamniSvnelo-

vaniap < .01 -isdoneze.

409

cxrili #3: locvis maCveneblebis pirsonis korelaciebi

saqarTvelosSerCevis mixedviT

germanelebisSerCevisaTvis:locvisskaladadebiTkorela-

ciaSialocvisgavlenisskalasTan,locvissixSiresadaRvTi-

smsaxurebaze daswrebis sixSiresTan. locvis gavlenis skala

dadebiT korelaciaSialocvis sixSiresadaRvTismasaxurebaze

daswrebis sixSiresTan, aseveTavadlocvis sixSiresa da RvTi-

smsaxurebaze daswrebis sixSireebs Sorisac dafiqsirda dade-

biTi korelacia. yvela es korelacia mniSvnelovaniap < .01 -is

doneze.

locvisskala

locvisgavlenisskala

locvissixSire

RvTismsaxurebazedaswrebissixSire

locvisskala 1 .566** .482** .457**

locvisgavlenis

skala.566** 1 .421** .462**

locvissixSire .482** .421** 1 .592**

RvTismsaxurebaze

daswrebis

sixSire .457** .462** .592** 1

410

cxrili #4: locvis maCveneblebis pirsonis korelaciebigermaniisSerCevis mixedviT

qarTvelebisSerCevaSilocvisyvelaqveskala:ritualuri,sakuTari sityvebiTlocva, meditaciuri locva da mTxovnelilocva korelirebs erTmaneTTan:

cxrili#5::locvissaxeebis pirsonis korlaciebisaqarT-velosSerCevis mixedviT

locvisskala

locvisgavlenisskala

locvissixSire

RvTismsaxurebazedaswrebissixSire

locvisskala 1 .746** .763** .660**

locvisgavlenisskala

.746** 1 .671** .473**

locvissixSire .763** .671** 1 .665**

RvTismsaxurebazedaswrebissixSire

.660** .473** .665** 1

ritualuri sakuTarisityvebiTlocva

meditaciuri mTxovneli

ritualuri 1 .584** .609** .177*

sakuTarisityvebiTlocva

.584** 1 .764** .346**

meditaciuri .609** .764** 1 .323**

mTxovneli .177* .346** .323** 1

411

germanelebisSerCevaSicmsgavsisuraTia:locvisqveskalebi–ritualuri,sakuTarisityvebiTlocva, meditaciuri locvada mTxovnelilocva– korelireben erTmaneTTan.

cxrili#6:locvissaxeebispirsoniskorlaciebigermaniisSerCevis mixedviT

Sedegebis ganxilva:

gansxvavebagermaneldaqarTvelmlocvelebsSorispraqti-kuladargamovlinda.sxvaobaCansmxolodlocvisdaeklesiaSisiarulis sixSiris mixedviT: germanelebi nakleb loculoben,vidre qarTvelebi da ufro iSviaTad eswrebian RvTismsaxure-bas.esmaCvenebeligermanulisazogadoebisSedarebiTmetseku-larizmze metyvelebs, hofstedes mixedviTac, protestanturi,feminuri sazogadoebebi ufro sekularulebi arian (Hofstede,

Hofstede, 2004).

rogorcqarTvel,asevegermanelmorwmuneebTanlocvissix-Siresa da RvTismsaxurebaze daswrebis sixSires Soris dafiq-sirdadadebiTikorelacia. analogiuriSedegimiiRoSnaiderma

ritualuri sakuTarisityvebiTlocva

meditaciuri mTxovneli

ritualuri 1 .567** .589** .213*

sakuTarisityvebiTlocva

.567** 1 .812** .314**

meditaciuri .589** .812** 1 .378**

mTxovneli .213* .314** .378** 1

412

erT-erT kvlevaSi: aRmoCnda statistikurad mniSvnelovani ko-relacialocvis sixSiresa da eklesiaSi siaruls Soris (Sch-

neider, 2004).

qarTvelebisTvisac da germanelebisTvisac yvela skaladadebiT korelaciaSia erTmaneTTan. gamodis, rom is adamianebi,vincxSiradeswrebianRvTsimsaxurebas,asevexSiradloculo-ben da miaCniaT, rom locvas maTze pozitiuri gavlena aqvs da– piriqiT. skalebs Soris korelaciis koefiecientebis maCven-eblebi am or SerCevaSi msgavsia, germanelebTan es korelaciebiodnavufro maRalia.

aRmoCnda,romqarTvelebicdagermanelebiclocviserTidaigive saxeebs iyeneben. yvelaze maRali saSualo qula miiRo sa-kuTarisityvebiTlocvam,Semdegmeditaciurmalocvam,Semdeg,TiTqmisTanabradritualurmada mTxovnelmalocvebma.

marTalia,germanelebisSerCevismxolod14%iyokaTolike,magramSesaZloasworedamfaqtmagamoiwviakvlevisaseTiSede-gi. rodesac hofstede ganzomilebebis mixedviT qristianulireligiisSigniTgansxvavebebzesaubrobs,ZiriTadaqcentsimazeakeTebs, rom protestantebi gansxvavdebian marTlmadideblebisda kaTolikeebisagan da amave dros, marTlamadideblebi da ka-Tolikeebi erTmaneTTan SedarebiT axlos dganan. garda amisa,hofstedeaRniSnavs,romreligiurimikuTvnebulobakulturu-li Rirebulebebis mTlianad Secvlas ar iwvevs. misi azriT,`Zalauflebis manZilis, individualizmisa da koleqtivizmis,feminuroba maskulinobis da gaukrvevlobis Tavidan aridebisRirebulebebi religiur moqcevebs gadaurCa~ (Hofstede, Hofst-

ede, 2004, p. 126).

413

Comparing Georgian and German Believers via Prayer aspects

Nino Javakhishvili, Maya Khositashvili,

Nino Siradze, Lika Dzagania

Tbilisi State University

Johan Schneider

Saarland University

The study looks at the differences in prayer in German (main-

ly Protestant) and Georgian (Orthodox) believers. Such aspects of

prayer as: prayer and church attendance frequency, prayer types

and prayer fulfillment were studied using Likert type scales. 184

Georgian and 206 German believers were questioned. The results

yielded no significant difference in prayer types used by Georgian

and German believers; neither prayer fulfillment revealed any dif-

ference. The reason might be a composition of German believers’

sample that consisted of although relatively small, but still sub

sample of Catholics.

gamoyenebuliliteratura:

Byrd, K. R. & Boe, A. (2001). The correspondence between 1. attachment dimensions and prayer in college students. The

international Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 11(1), pp.

9-24.

Finney, J., Malony, H. (1985) An empirical study of contem-2. plative prayer as an adjust to psychotherapy.Journal of Psy-chology and Theology, 13, 284-290Gallup Organization. (1993). GO LIFE Survey on Prayer. Princ-3. eton, NJ

414

Harris, J. I., Schoneman S. W. & Carrera S. R. (2005). Pre-4. ferred prayer styles and anxiety control.Journal of Religion

and Health, Vol. 44, No. 4, Winter pp. 403-412

Hauenstein H. U. (2002). Auf den Spuren des Gebets, Metho-5. den und Ergebnisse der empirischen Gebetsforschung, Asan-

ger Verlag, Heidelberg, Kroening, pp.49-64

Hofstede, G. Hofstede, G. (2004) Cultures and Organizations: 6. Software of the Mind. Oxford University Press

Jospehs, I. (1998) Constructing One’s Self in the City of the 7. Silent: Dialogue, Symbols and the Role of `As-if~ in Self-De-

velopment. Human Development, 41, pp.180-195

Ladd, K., Spilka, B. (2002). Inward, Outward, and Upward: 8. Cognitive Aspects of Prayer. Journal for the Scientific Study

of Religion 41:3 475-484

Laird, S. P. Snyder, C. R., Rapoff, M. A. & Green, S. (2004). 9. Measuring Private Prayer: Development, Validation, and Clini-

cal Application of the Multidimensional Prayer inventory. The

International Journal For The Psychology of Religion, 14(4),

251-272.

Maltby, J. Lewis, C.A. & Day, L. (1998). Religious orienta-10. tion and psychological well-being: The role of the frequency

of personal prayer. British Journal of Psychology (1999), 4,

pp.363-378

McCullough, M. E., & Larson, D. B. (1999). Prayer. W. R. Mill-11. er (Ed.), Integrating spirituality into treatment: Resources for

practitioners (pp. 85-110).

Poloma, M., Pendleton B. (1989). Exploring types of prayer 12. and quality of life. Review of Religious Research 31:46-53. Poloma, M., Pendleton, B. (1990). Religious domains and gen-13. eral well-being. Social Indicators Research 22:255-276.

415

Poloma, M., Pendleton. B. (1991). The effects of prayer and 14. prayer experiences on measures of general well-being. Journal of Psychology and Theology 19:71-83. Richards, D. (1991). The phenomenology and psychological 15. correlates of verbal prayer. Journal of Psychology and Theol-ogy, 19, 354-363Schneider J. F. (2004). Prayer and Inner Speech: is there a con-16. nection? Psychological Reports, 2004, 94, pp.1382 – 1384.

416