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IInnddeexx
Sr. No.
Particulars
Page Number
1 Scheme 3
2 Syllabus 4
3 Lecture Plan 5
4 List of Books 7
5 Tutorial Sheets -
6 Assignments 9
7 Question Paper 18
3
Course of Study and Scheme of Examination for Batch
starting from DEC-MAY 2018-19
B.E 6TH Semester (Mechanical)
Teaching Scheme Credits Examination Marks
Total Marks L T P C
Theory Marks Practical Marks
ESE
(E)
PA (M) PA (V) PA
(I) PA ALA ESE OEP
3 0 2 5 70 20 10 20 10 20 150
4
SSYYLLLLAABBUUSS
UNIT-I
Introduction:
Basic components and terminology of IC engines, working of four stroke/two stroke - petrol/diesel engine,
classification and application of IC engines, engine performance and emission parameters
UNIT-II
Fuel Air Cycles and Actual Cycles:
Assumptions for fuel–air cycles, Reasons for variation of specific heats of gases, change of internal energy
and enthalpy during a process with variable specific heats, isentropic expansion with variable specific heats,
effect of variable specific heats on Otto, Diesel and Dual cycle, dissociation, comparison of air standard and
fuel air cycles, effect of operating variables, comparison of air standard and actual cycles, effect of time loss,
heat loss and exhaust loss in Petrol and Diesel engines, valve and port timing diagrams
UNIT-III
Combustion:
Combustion equations, stoichiometric air fuel ratio, enthalpy of formation, adiabatic flame temperature,
determination of calorific values of fuels – calorimeter*- Bomb and Junkers gas calorimeter
UNIT-IV
Fuels and its supply system for SI and CI engine:
Important qualities of IC engine fuels, rating of fuels, Carburation, mixture requirement for different loads
and speeds, simple carburetor and its working, types of carburetors, MPFI, types of injection systems in CI
engine, fuel pumps and injectors, types of nozzles, spray formation
UNIT – V
Ignition and Governing System
Battery and magneto ignition system, spark plug, firing order, quality, quantity & hit and miss governing
UNIT- VI
Supercharging:
Need for supercharging, Effect of supercharging, types of supercharger, methods of supercharging,
thermodynamic analysis of supercharged engine cycle, limitations of supercharging, turbocharging
Semester Course Title Course Code Theory Paper
L T P
MECHANICAL COMPUTER AIDED
DESIGN 2161903 3 0 2
Max.Marks:70
Min. Marks:23
Duration :2:30 hours
5
UNIT- VII
Combustion in SI and CI Engines:
Stages of combustion in SI engines, abnormal combustion and knocking in SI engines, factors affecting
knocking, effects of knocking, control of knocking, combustion chambers for SI engines, Stages of
combustion in CI engines, detonation in C.I. engines, factors affecting detonation, controlling detonation,
combustion chamber for SI and CI engine
UNIT- VIII
Engine Lubrication and Cooling:
Lubrication of engine components, Lubrication system – wet sump and dry sump, crankcase ventilation,
Types of cooling systems – liquid and air cooled, comparison of liquid and air cooled systems
UNIT- IX
Measurement and Testing of IC engines:
Measurement of indicated power, brake power, fuel consumption and emission, Measurement of friction
power by Willan’s Line Method* and Morse Test*, calculation of brake thermal efficiency, brake power and
brake specific fuel consumption of IC Engines, variable compression ratio engines, heat balance sheet of IC
Engines
UNIT-X
Engine Emission and their control:
Air pollution due to IC engines, Euro I to VI norms, HC, CO and NOx emission, catalytic convertor
UNIT – XI
Diesel
Application of diesel engines in power field, merit and demerits of diesel engine power plants, layout of
diesel engine power plants
6
LECTURE PLAN
Lect Topics to be covered Teaching
hours
1 Basic components and terminology of IC engines, working of four
stroke/two stroke - petrol/diesel engine. 1
2 Classification and application of IC engines, engine performance and
emission parameters. 1
3 Assumptions for fuel–air cycles, Reasons for variation of specific heats of
gases. 1
4 Change of internal energy and enthalpy during a process with variable
specific heats. 1
5 Isentropic expansion with variable specific heats, effect of variable specific
heats on Otto, Diesel and Dual cycle. 1
6 Dissociation, comparison of air standard and fuel air cycles, effect of
operating variables.
1
7 Comparison of air standard and actual cycles, effect of time loss, heat
loss and exhaust loss in Petrol and Diesel engines.
1
8 Factors considered and assumptions made for fuel–air cycles,
dissociation, comparison of air standard and fuel air cycles.
1
9 Valve and port timing diagrams. 1
10 Combustion equations, stoichiometric air fuel ratio. 1
11 Enthalpy of formation, adiabatic flame temperature 1
12 Determination of calorific values of fuels – calorimeter*- Bomb and
Junkers gas calorimeter.
1
13 Fuel supply system for SI engines, properties of air-petrol mixture,
mixture requirement for different loads and speeds.
1
14 Simple carburetor and its working, calculation of air-fuel ratio. 1
15 Types of carburetors. 1
16 MPFI, types of injection systems in CI engine. 1
17 Fuel pumps and injectors, types of nozzles, spray formation. 1
18 Battery and magneto ignition system 1
19 Spark plug, firing order. 1
20 Quality, quantity governing . 1
21 Hit and miss governing . 1
22 Need for supercharging, Effect of supercharging. 1
23 Types of superchargers. Supercharging of SI and CI engines. 1
23 Methods of supercharging, turbo charging. 1
7
24 Thermodynamic analysis of supercharged engine cycle, limitations of
supercharging, turbo charging
1
25
Combustion in S.I. Engines:
Stages of combustion, Ignition lag and the factors affecting the ignition
lag.
1
26 Flame propagation and factors affecting flame propagation. 1
27 Abnormal combustion and knocking in SI engines, factors affecting
knocking, effects of knocking, control of knocking.
1
28 Combustion chambers for S.I. engines. 1
29 Combustion in C.I. engines: Stages of combustion. 1
30 Detonation in C.I. engines, factors affecting detonation, controlling
detonation.
1
31 Combustion chamber for SI and CI engine. 1
32 Lubrication of engine components, Lubrication system – wet sump and dry
sump.
1
33 Crankcase ventilation, Types of cooling systems – liquid and air cooled. 1
34 Comparison of liquid and air cooled systems 1
35
Measurement and Testing of IC engines: Measurement of indicated power,
brake power, fuel consumption and emission, Measurement of friction
power by Willan’s Line Method* and Morse Test* 1
36
Calculation Of Brake Thermal Efficiency, Brake Power And Brake
Specific Fuel Consumption Of IC Engines 1
37 variable compression ratio engines, heat balance sheet of IC Engines
1
38 Example of testing
39 Engine Emission and their control: Air pollution due to IC engines
40 Euro I to VI norms, HC, CO and NOx emission, catalytic convertor
41 Application of diesel engines in power field, merit and demerits of
diesel engine power plants, layout of diesel engine power plants
8
REFERENCES
S. No. TITLE AUTHOR PUBLISHER / EDITION
1 Internal Combustion Engine
Fundamentals John B. Heywood
McGraw Hill Education
Pvt Ltd.
2 Internal Combustion Engine
V Ganeshan McGraw Hill Education
Pvt Ltd.
3 Internal Combustion Engine
M.L.Mathur and
R.P.Sharma
Dhanpat Rai Publications
(P) Ltd
4 Fundamentals of Internal
Combustion engine
H.N.Gupta PHI Learning
9
ASSIGNMENT TOPICS
S. No. TOPIC
1 Introduction:
2 Fuel Air Cycles and Actual Cycles:
3 Combustion:
4 Fuels and its supply system for SI and CI engine:
5 Ignition and Governing System
6 Combustion in SI and CI Engines:
7 Engines in power plan
10
ASSIGNMENT 1
Sr.
No. Name of Question Remarks
1 What is the basic difference between an Otto cycleand Diesel cycle? Derive an
expression for theefficiency and mean effective pressure of the Dieselcycle.
2013/2016
2 What do you mean by air standard cycle? Listassumptions for air standard cycle andlist causes ofdeparture of actual diesel cycle from ideal.
2011/2013
3 Compare S.I. engines with C.I engines. 2017
4 With a neat sketch explain the valve timing diagramof four stroke petrol engine. 2012,13,1
4,15,16
5 Explain with neat sketch Valve timing diagram forDiesel engine. Also explain
deviation of an actualcycle from an ideal cycle.
2011,13,1
7
11
ASSIGNMENT 2
Sr.
No
. Name of Question
Remark
s
1
A Petrol engine using a compression ratio 7and A/F ratio of 15:1 has the pressure and
temperature at the end of suction stroke 1 bar and 57Oc respectively. The fuel used has
a calorific value of 44000 kJ/kg. Compression follows the law PV1.33 = C and specific
heat at constant volume is given by the relation Cv = 0.718 + 2.1 x 10-4
T, where T is in
degree Kelvin. Determine the maximum Pressure and Temperature in the cylinder. Also
compare this value with that of constant specific heat, Cv = 0.718.
2
The compression ratio of an engine working on Otto cycle is 7 and A:F ratio used is
15:1 and CV of fuel used is 40,000 KJ/kg. The temperature and pressure at the
beginning of compression are 47°C and 1 bar. Determine the maximum pressure
reached in the cycle. The compression follows the law PV1.38
= C and Cv = (0.7 + 20 x
10-5
T) KJ/kg K, where T is in K. Also find the maximum pressure of the cycle
assuming Cv = 0.7 KJ/kg K.
3
Calculate the percentage change in efficiency of air standard Otto cycle having a
compression ratio of 7 for the following cases
(i) The specific heat at constant increases by 2 %
(ii) The specific heat at constant pressure increases by 2 % assuming γ =to be invariant
4 Explain the phenomenon of dissociation.
5 What do you mean by air standard cycle? List assumptions for air standard cycle and
list causes of departure of actual diesel cycle from ideal.
6 Explain “air standard analysis” which has been adopted for IC engine cycles.
7 Enlist the assumptions which are made for fuel-air cycle analysis.
8 Explain following terms: burning time loss factor, spark time loss, Incomplete
combustion loss, heat loss factor, pumping and friction loss, Exhaust blowdown loss.
9 Explain Effect of operating variables on cycle analysis.
12
ASSIGNMENT 3
Sr.
No
. Name of Question
Remark
s
1 What is combustion of fuel?
2 State the constituents of air by mass and by volume.
3 Define excess air and air fuel ratio.
4
Calculate the stoichiometric air required for the complete combustion of 1 kg of
heptanes C7H16. Also calculate the percentage analysis of the product s on a mass and
a molar basis.
5
Explain the following.
i) Non Despersive Infra red analyser (NDIR)
ii) Flame Ionization Detector ( FID)
6 Explain Junker’s Gas Calorimeter with neat sketch.
13
ASSIGNMENT 4
Sr.
No
. Name of Question
Remark
s
1 Explain with neat sketch working Simple Carburetor. Also explain Drawback and
application of simple Carburetor.
2 State the different types of carburetors and explain working of any one of them.
3 What are the factors affecting carburetion.
4 Explain with neat sketch different devices used to meet the requirements of an
Ideal carburetor.
5 What is the function of a carburetor? What is carburetion?
6
A simple carburetor has the venture of throat diameter of 8 cm and the coefficient of
discharge is 0.94. The fuel orifice has the diameter of 0.5 cm and its coefficient of
discharge of 0.7. find the air-fuel ratio if pressure drop amounts to 0.14 bar when (a)
nozzle lip is neglected (b) nozzle lip is taken in to account and it is equal to 0.5 cm.
Assume density of fuel as 780 kg/m3, approach factor as 1 and density of air as 1.293
kg/m3.
7
A: F ratio of mixture supplied to an engine by carburetor is 15:1. The fuel consumption
of engine is 7.5 kg/hour. The diameter of venture is 2.2 cm find the diameter of fuel
nozzle if tip of nozzle is 4 mm. Take the following specification for calculation.
8 Draw neat and labeled diagram of multi point fuel injection system for modern
automobile engines and explain its working.
9
Describe with suitable sketches the following systems of carburetor.
(i) Main metering system
(ii) Ideling system
(iii) Acceleration pump system
10 With a line diagram explain the working of common rail fuel injection system.
11
With neat sketch explain working principle and constructional detail of Bosch fuel
injection pump.
12
Explain how induction swirl is created? What are requirements of injector with this type
of swirl?
13 Describe different types of injection nozzles and discuss their relative advantages and
disadvantages.
14
Differentiate between multipoint injection and direct injection. Explain the types of
nozzles used in CI engines.
15 Explain with neat sketch air-less injection system.
16 Describe the working principle of an electronically controlled fuel injection system.
17
Describe the construction and working of a fuel injector nozzle with the help of a
diagram.
14
18
What are the main components required in a fuel injection system?
(b) Describe the construction of a jerk pump type fuel injection pump.
19
A six cylinder four stroke CI engine developing a power output of 270KW at 1000rpm
has a fuel consumption of 0.25kg/KWh. The injection takes place over 20° crank angle
with pressure across the injector orifice of 100MPa, calculate rate of fuel injection in
mg/s through each hole of four hole injection fitted in the engine cylinders and thermal
efficiency of the engine.
20
Describe with the help of suitable sketches:
(i) Jerk pump system
(ii) Common rail system
(iii) Distributor system
15
ASSIGNMENT 5
Sr.
No
. Name of Question Remarks
1 Explain with neat sketch Combustion stages in S. I .Engine. Also define Auto ignition
Temperature.
2 Explain the phenomenon of knocking in SI engines.
3 What are the basic requirements of a good SI engine combustion chamber?
4 Explain the phenomenon of diesel knock. Compare it with the phenomenon of
detonation in SI engine.
5 What is meant by abnormal combustion?
6 List basic requirements of a good combustion chamber of S.I. engine.
7 What do you understand by knock in S.I. Engines? How does the knock in S.I. Engines
differ from the knock in C.I. Engines?
8 What do you understand by ignition timings? Discuss the various factors which affect
ignition timing requirements.
9 What is ignition lag? Discuss the effect of engine variables on ignition lag in case of SI
engines.
10 Give the name of Different types of combustion chamber. And explain any TWO.
11 Explain with neat sketch Stages in Combustion of C. I. Engine.
12 Define squish, swirl, unidirectional movement and turbulence. Explain their importance
in design of C.I. combustion chambers.
13 What is meant by combustion induced swirl? Show with sketches two important
designs of CI combustion chamber using this method of swirl.
14 Define pre-ignition with respect to SI engines and delay period with respect to a CI
engines
15
What are the effects of following variables on diesel Knock.
i. Injection timing and rate of fuel infection
ii. Surface to volume ratio of combustion chamber
iii. Turbulence caused in combustion chamber
16
Discuss the effects of following factors on knocking tendency of C.I engine
i. Compression ratio
ii. Spark timing
iii. Flame velocity
iv. Pressure and temperature of mixture at inlet
17 Explain “Uncontrolled” and “Controlled” combustion in C.I. engines.
18 Explain with neat sketch detonation in C.I engine. Also mention the factor affecting the
detonation.
19 Give classification of Combustion chambers for C. I. Engine. Explain any TWO
16
ASSIGNMENT 6
Sr.
No. Name of Question Remarks
1
Explain the importance of engine testing.
(a) What are the major pollutants from the exhaust of gasoline &diesel engines?
What are the detrimental effects of these pollutants
2
Define EURO and INDIAN (Bharat) Norms. The petrol used in an SI engine is
assumed to have a chemical formula C7H16. Determine: (a) the stoichiometric A: F
ratio and (b) If 50% excess air is supplied then find the volumetric composition of
dry exhaust products. Air contains 23% of O2 and 77% of N2 by Mass.
3 Explain the effect of different pollutants on human and plant life.
4 State and explain engine design and operating modifications to be made in Spark
ignition engine to minimize pollution.
5 Write brief notes on: Euro Norms and Testing of IC engine as per IS.
6 Write down Bharat Stages of emission norms in brief for cars and two wheelers.
7 What are the international accepted methods for measuring the NOx, CO and HC?
8 Explain different methods of measurement of pollutants in exhaust gases.
17
ASSIGNMENT 7
Sr.
No. Name of Question Remarks
1 What are the advantages of diesel power plant over the steam power plant?
2 State the field of application of diesel power plant.
3 What are the various factors to be considered while selecting the site for diesel engine
power plant? Explain briefly.
4 Explain with neat sketch arrangement of a diesel power plant explain in brief function
of each system.
5
The diesel power plant consists of two units of 500 kW capacity of each and one unit
of 200 kW. The fuel has a calorific value of 40,000 kJ/kg and fuel consumption is
0.25 kg/kWh. Determine the quality of fuel required a month of 30 days and its cost
is Rs. 4000 per ton. Also find overall efficiency of the plant.
18
GTU PAPERS
PAPER 1
19
20
PAPER 2
21
22
PAPER 3
23
24
Mid paper
Laxmi Institute of Technology , Sarigam Approved by AICTE, New Delhi; Affiliated to Gujarat Technological
University, Ahmedabad
Academic Year 2018-19
Centre Code: 086 Examination : Mid Sem 1
Branch: Mechanical Semester: 6 Sub Code: 2161902
Sub: ICE Date: 29/1/19
Time: 9:00 to 10:00
Marks: 20
Q 1 Draw & explain valve timing diagram of 4-stroke diesel engine. 4 Q 2 What is scavenging? Explain method of scavenging. 4 Q3 Explain in brief with neat sketch thermo-syphon cooling system. 4
Q4 What do you mean by I.C. Engine? How are they classified? 4
Q5 Explain in brief with neat sketch splash lubrication system. 4
