POPULATION

Výukový materiál EK 01 - 14Tvůrce: Ing. Marie Jiráková

Tvůrce anglické verze: Mgr. Milan SmejkalProjekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů

Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/03.0005Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR

POPULATION

A group of organisms, all of the same species, which occupies a particular area.

POPULATION SIZE (QUANTITY)

o POPULATION:

THE NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS IS INCREASING AND GROWS IN FAVOURABLE CONDITIONS

THE NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS IS DECREASING IN UNFAVOURABLE CONDITIONS

POPULATION SIZE

INFLUENCED BY:

oBIRTH RATE – NATALITY

oDEATH RATE – MORTALITY

oMOVEMENT OF INDIVIDUALS - MIGRATION

INDICATORS OF POPULATION GROWTH

QUANTITY- the number of individuals in a population

DENSITY - the number of individuals on a particular surface

POPULATION GROWTH

The birth rate prevails over mortality

ofavourable environmental conditions (sufficient food, room, etc).EXPONENTIAL GROWTH

obad environmental conditionsLIMITED GROWTH

POPULATION GROWTH – OTHER FACTORS

o FLUCTUATION IN POPULATION GROWTH(Depends on food, climate changes)

o VITALITY OF POPULATION(Influenced by the number of individuals)

o POPULATION STRUCTURE(DEPENDS ON THE AGE OF INDIVIDUALS, GENDER,

HIERARCHY, SOCIAL STRUCTURE)

)o POPULATION DENSITY AND PLACEMENT

THE DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATIONS IN SPACE:

Regular Accidental In groups

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ORGANISMS

They are:

INSIDE THE SPECIES

BETWEEN THE SPECIES

COMPETITION

INDIVIDUALS OF THE SAME KIND OR OF DIFFERENT KINDS COMPETE FOR: FOOD, LIGHT, SPACE, etc.

COMPETITION CAN SUPPRESS OTHER SPECIES OR TO BE IN BALANCE BETWEEN SPECIES.

PREDATION

One organism, the predator, obtains energy (as food) by consuming, usually killing, another, the prey.

PARASITISM One organism (the parasite) lives in or on

another (the host), from which it obtains food, shelter, or other requirements.

THE PARASITES, HOLOPARASITES

ENDOPARASITES live inside the body of the host.

ECTOPARASITES live externally on the host.

MUTUALISM

An interaction between members of two species which benefits both.

SYMBIOSIS –dissimilar organisms live together in close association.

PROTOCOOPERATION – loose interaction.

Co-operation – similar organisms live together in close association

WORKSHEET - REVISION

POPULATION GROWTH IS INFLUENCED BY………………......................

POPULATION GROWTH MAY BE ……………..OR …………….

POPULATION SIZE IS INFLUENCED BY ……………………………

VITALITY OF POPULATION IS INFLUENCED BY……………………….

PREDATION IS …………………………………………………………

SYMBIOSIS IS ………………………………………………………..

SOURCE

PAPÁČEK, Miroslav a kol. Zoologie. Praha: pedagogické nakladatelství, 2000, ISBN 80-7183-203-0.

KVASNIČKOVÁ, Danuše. Základy ekologie. Praha: Scientia,spol.s r.o., 1994, ISBN 80-85827-84-0

BRANIŠ, Martin. Základy ekologie a ochrany životního prostředí. 2. vyd. Praha: Informatorium, 1999. ISBN 80-86073-52-1.