saswavlo

1

saswav

lo da

profesiuli g

aremo

2008

damxmare saxelmZRvanelo

III

2

avtorebi:

nino niJaraZe qesi makleini tereza boli nino gogiCaZe Teona lodia

sakonsultacio sabWo: qeTevan mexuzla, simon janaSia

redaqtorebi: naTia nacvliSvili sofio gorgoZe

ilustracia, dizaini: giorgi gamezardaSvili kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa: Tamar goderZiSvili

proeqtis koordinatori: eTer gvelesiani

© maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centri, 2008.

ISBN 978-9941-0-0674-6 ISBN 978-9941-0-0677-7

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*****

saklaso oTaxis fizikuri garemo emsaxureba saswavlo amo-canebis Sesrulebas. es amocanebi miznad isaxavs saskolo saqmi-anobaSi moswavlis maqsimaluri CarTulobis uzrunvelyofas. sxva qveynebis gamocdileba gviCvenebs, rom jer kidev gasuli saukunis 70-ian wlebSi maswavleblebs hqondaT saklaso oTaxe-bis Tavisuflad mowyobis SesaZlebloba. miuxedavad amisa, isini mainc `tradiciuli~, standartuli wesiT mowyobis erTgulni rCebodnen. saklaso oTaxSi karadebis, Taroebis da magidebis ganawileba xelisSemSleli iyo Tavisufali gadaadgilebi-saTvis da moswavleebi did dros atarebdnen merxebTan werilo-biTi davalebis SesrulebaSi.

saklaso oTaxis fizikuri garemo

am Tavis wakiTxvis Semdeg Tqven gecodinebaT:

ra gavlenas axdens saswavlo procesze saklaso oTaxis fizikuri garemo;

saklaso oTaxis sivrcis ganawilebis ra principebi ar-sebobs;

ra roli ekisreba maswavlebels klasis fizikuri gare-mos dagegmvaSi;

rogor unda moiqceT, rom saklaso oTaxis fizikuri garemo moswavleTa individualur Taviseburebebs moar-goT.

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saklaso oTaxis sivrcis ganawilebis ori mTavari midgoma arsebobs. erTi midgoma saklaso oTaxs ganixilavs, rogorc adgils, sadac moswavle, klasis mowyobis specifikidan gamomdinare, ZiriTadad individualur samuSaos asrulebs, xolo meore midgoma saklaso oTaxs anawevrebs sxvadasxva sas-wavlo daniSnulebis zonebad.

individualuri samuSaos Sesrulebaze orientirebul sak-laso oTaxSi moswavles aqvs sakuTari adgili da mas SeuZlia davalebis didi wili ganaxorcielos adgilidan gausvlelad. aseT ̀ tradiciul~ dagegmvas iyeneben maSinac, rodesac maswavle-beli saerTo saklaso swavlebas mimarTavs.

saklaso oTaxis saswavlo daniSnulebis mqone zonebad dayofisas moswavleebi sxvadasxva amocanis Sesasruleblad saklaso oTaxSi Tavisuflad gadaadgildebian.

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situacia

EeTeri maswavlebeli kargad icnobs Tavis moswavleebs. ar-dadegebis Semdeg gansakuTrebiT emzadeba maT misaRebad; klasSi axali merxebi, Taroebi, dafa da kompiuteri daxvdebaT bavS-vebs.

eTeri maswavlebeli gegmavs, ganaTavsos axali aveji ise, rom gaiTvaliswinos moswavleebis Tavisebureba an gansakuTrebuli saWiroeba. Tanac fiqrobs, rom moawyos sxvadasxva saswavlo daniSnulebis mqone ramdenime zona: Semosasvleli, samuSao, saT-avso, sagamofeno, biblioTekis da teqnologiuri.Mman saamisod gegmac SeimuSava:

`saklaso oTaxis karTan gavakeTeb sakidebs, karadis gverdiT Camovkideb gakveTilebis cxrils da klasis gazeTisaTvis Se-varCev adgils. es iqneba Semosasvleli zona.~

Semosasvleli zona saSualebas aZlevs moswavles, gadaerTos erTi garemodan meoreze. aseTi gardaqmnis, specifikuri ga-remosTvis Semzadebis kargi magaliTia fizikuri kulturis darbazi, kerZod, gasaxdeli, sadac moswavleebi icvlian tansacmels da varjiSisaTvis emzadebian.

sagamofeno zona atarebs esTetikur datvirTvas da emsaxureba saswavlo masalis vizualur ganmtkicebas. Tumca am sivrcis gamoyeneba moiTxovs garkveul yuradRebas. gamofenis mowyo-bisas unda ganisazRvros TiToeuli masalis daniSnuleba da ise moxdes adgilis, gamofenis droisa Tu xangrZlivobis SerCeva. didxans gamofenili masala kargavs moswavlisaTvis aqtualobas da xdeba zedmeti.

àxla, modi, oTaxs magidebiT da Taroebiani patara karadebiT gadavtixrav. daxurul TaroSi Sevdeb samuSao masalas, Ria Taroze davdeb wignebs. sandros individualuri saswavlo gegma aqvs. is muSaobs naxatebiani wignebiT. is SeiZleba dasaqmebuli iyos wignebis dawebeba-ganaxlebiT. es saTavso zona sandros Seuqmnis misTvis saWiro saswavlo garemos~.

biblioTekis zona aris adgili, romelic moswavles xels uwyobs, damoukideblad SeZlos sasurveli masalis moZieba.

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is ar unda Semoifarglebodes mxolod saxelmZRvaneloebiT, an sakiTxavi masaliT. biblioTeka saSualebas unda uqmnides moswavles, saklaso oTaxidan gausvlelad moipovos vizua-luri, audio Tu vidio masala.

saTavso zona emsaxureba saswavlo procesSi gamoyenebuli masalis saklaso oTaxSi mowesrigebulad Senaxvas. saTavso zonis dalagebaSi monawileobis miReba moswavleebs exmareba, mieCvion gamoyenebuli masalis Senaxvas da, amavdroulad, maT ubiZgebs klasSi wesrigis SenarCunebis pasuxisgeblobis ga-ziarebisken.

sakuTari saswavlo nivTebis movla da klasSi TviTmomsax-urebis unaris Camoyalibeba xSirad wamyvani amocanaa gansa-kuTrebuli saswavlo saWiroebis mqone moswavlisaTvis da, am mxriv, es zona mniSvnelovan daxmarebas gagiwevT.

`nuca didxans undeba weras da misTvis gavakeTeb myudro kuTxes, sadac igi marto muSaobas SeZlebs. kaxas rom gauad-vildes davalebis gageba, davsvam CemTan axlos da Tamunas gverdiT. isini erTmaneTs kargad ewyobian da Tamunac miex-mareba. dafas da Cems skams ise Sevucvli adgils, rom mec da moswavleebmac Tavisuflad vimoZraoT~.

samuSao zona gaTvaliswinebulia individualuri da mcire jgufSi muSaobisaTvis. es aris myudro da moxerxebuli ad-gili iseTi samuSaos Sesasruleblad, rogoricaa wera, xatva, rames awyoba. is SeiZleba Seiqmnas sagamofeno da saTavso zonebis elementebisa da avejis gamoyenebiT.

`Cemgan moSorebiT davdgam kompiuters da mis siaxloves davsvam Llukas. luka kargad erkveva aseT raRacebSi da, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, mec momexmareba~.

teqnologiuri zona emsaxureba moswavlis dainteresebas. ase-Ti zonis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi moswavle fiqrobs, rom skola sakmarisad Tanamedrove da teqnologiebiT mdidari adgilia.

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teqnologiur zonaSi SeiZleba moxvdes yvelaferi - dawyebu-li gamomTvleli manqanidan, videogadamRebisa da kompiuteris CaTvliT. maswavleblebi xSirad yoymanoben teqnologiebis gamoyenebisas. eSiniaT, raime ar dauziandes mowyobilobas. Aan, ubralod, ar ician misi moxmareba. moswavleebma SeiZleba maswavleblis damxmares funqcia Seasrulon. am SemTxvevaSi kargi iqneba maTTvis am pasuxismgeblobis dakisreba.

EEeTeri maswavlebelma daamTavra saklaso oTxis mowyoba da sxva maswavleblebi moiwvia, rom maTi STabeWdilebebi gaez-iarebina. maswavleblebis umarvlesobas moewona misi namuSevari, Tumca zogierTma aRniSna, rom TviTon mizanSewonilad ar miiC-nevs moswavleebisaTvis amdeni moZraobis saSualebis micemas.

klasis fizikuri garemos efeqtur gamoyen-ebaSi maswavlebels exmareba jgufebis marTvis sxvadasxva teqnika da swavlebis interaqciuli teqnologiebis floba.

fizikuri garemos dagegmva saqarTveloSi gavrcelebulia marTkuTxedis formis saklaso oTaxebi. Tumca, Tanamedrove sak-laso oTaxebis sxva formebic gvxvdeba.

Cveulebriv, maswavlebels ar SeuZlia fizikuri elementebis Secvla, magram klasis struqturuli gadanawileba mis kompe-tenciaSia.

saklaso oTaxis aveji da zomebi saskolo oTaxis aveji unda iyos msubuqi da moswavlis zomis Sesaferisi, raTa bavS-vma damoukideblad SeZlos misi advilad gadaadgileba; Tu moswavleebs uxdebaT maTTvis Seuferebeli zomis avejis gamoyeneba, es iwvevs uxerxulobas, usiamovnebis gancdas da gavlenas axdens moswavlis CarTulobaze.

ix. gv. 35

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situacia 2

naTiam dasvenebaze miakiTxa sofos. sofos klasSi gansxvave-buli skamebi da magidebia. `sofo, davjdebi ra Sens magidasTan, Tu SeiZleba. aqedan albaT adgomac ar momindeboda, iseTi moxerxebulia da Tan, naxe, rogori msubuqia~.

saklaso oTaxSi arsebul avejs unda hqondes garkveuli datvirTva saswavlo saqmianobis Sesrulebisas. am datvirTvas kargad warmoaCens saklaso oTaxSi moswavlis mier am avejis moxmarebis sixSire.

saklaso oTaxis mowyobisas gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom aveji, romelsac bavSvi gamoiyenebs, iyos advilad gasawmendi, gansa-kuTrebiT es exeba magidisa Tu karadis zedapirs.

saklaso oTaxSi arsebuli aveji saSualebas unda aZlevdes moswavles, weriTi Tu sxva samuSaosaTvis hqondes Sesaferisi sivrce da sayrdeni. mas idayvebi ar unda uvardebodes magidi-dan da arc meore moswavles unda eSlebodes xeli. moswavlis skami unda iyos asakis Sesabamisi zomis.

situacia 3.

daTo caciaa. Tavs uxerxulad grZnobs, roca marcxena xeliT kedelTan axlos zis, radgan am mdgomareobaSi mis xels Tavisu-flad moZraobisaTvis sakmarisi adgili ar rCeba. daTom maswav-lebels auxsna es mdgomareoba da ekas gaucvala adgili.

rezos aqvs fizikur moZraobasTan dakavSirebuli problema, maswavlebelma mas SeurCia naklebad sriala zedapiris mqone magida, romelsac aqvs fexis dasadebi.

amiT maswavlebeli cdilobs, rezos ufro moxerxebuli ad-gili SeurCios.

moZraobis Tavisufleba

moZraobisaTvis Tavisufali sivrcis Seqmna Zalian mniSvnelo-vania, bavSvebi Tavs SeyuJulad da viwrod ar unda grZnobdnen. saklaso oTaxSi moZraobisas isini erTmaneTs ar unda ejaxebodnen.

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situacia 4.

nato mis klasSi erTaderTi etliani moswavlea, misi magidis fexebis Sesayofi Wrili sakmarisad maRalia da etli Sefer-xebis gareSe moZraobs. Aam saklaso oTaxSi merxebi da sxva avejic iseT manZilzea, rom nato klasSi Tavisuflad gadaadgildeba.

komunikacia fizikuri garemos gamoyenebiT

klasSi maswavleblis adgili gansazRvrulia, rogorc fizikuri garemos TaviseburebiT, aseve mis mier moswavleebTan urTierTobis SerCeuli stiliT. saklaso oTaxis fizikuri garemos mow-yobiT, konkretuli saklaso saqmianobidan gamom-dinare, maswavlebels SesaZlebloba aqvs, klasSi daikavos misTvis mosaxerxebeli adgili.

situacia 5.giorgi maswavlebelma moswavleebi wyvilebad dayo da

davaleba misca. Mmoswavleebi sxedan wreSi. isini, wyvilebSi, erTmaneTisaken arian mibrunebulni da saubroben.

giorgi maswavlebeli morigeobiT uaxlovdeba TiToeul wyvils, yovndeba da usmens maT. erTma wyvilma sTxova daxmareba da is kidev erTxel uxsnis Sesasrulebeli amocanis pirobas.

wyvilebis Semovlis Semdeg maswavlebeli saerTod gadis wridan da moSorebiT dgeba. davalebisTvis gankuTvnili drois miwuruls maswavlebeli isev Sedis wreSi da iseT adgils ikavebs, saidanac kargad xedavs yvela moswavles da maTac SeuZliaT misi aRqma.

saklaso oTaxis fizikuri garemo maswavleblisaTvis aris moswav-lesTan, mSobelTan da sxva maswavleblebTan komunikaciis damxmare sa-Sualeba.

oTaxis fizikuri garemo saklaso aqtivobis savizito baraTia. igi mimzid-veli unda iyos rogorc moswavlisTvis, aseve maswavleblisa da mSoblisT-visac.

saklaso oTaxis saswavlo miznebis Sesabamisad mowyoba da galamazeba xels uwyobs maswavleblis avtoritetis Camoyalibebas.

ix. gv. 12

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adamianuri garemocva

adamianur garemoSi gasaTvaliswinebelia TiToeuli moswavlis socio-kulturuli Tavisebureba. oTaxis sivrceSi moswavleebis ganawilebisas yuradReba gaamaxvileT, rom yvela adamians aqvs piradi veli.

situacia 6.

salomes gverdiT dausves axali moswavle - Teona. KTeona sul salomesken ixreba da skamic axlos aqvs modgmuli. salome Tavs uxerxulad grZnobs. Mmas uWirs maswavleblis mosmena da davalebis Sesruleba.

salomes adrec ugrZvnia aseTi uxerxuloba, rodesac maswav-lebeli mis merxTan Zalian axlos modioda xolme.

piradi veli aris is manZili Cvensa da sxva adamians Soris, romelic CvenTvis komfortuli da usafrTxoebis momgvrelia. adamianebi erTmaneTisagan gansxvavdebian piradi velis zomiT. didi piradi velis mqone adamianebisaTvis saWiroa, rom sxvebi misgan erT metrze meti manZiliT iyvnen daSorebulni.

piradi velis darRveva, CvenTan sxva adamianis zedmeti siax-love, SeiZleba emociur daZabulobas iwvevdes, rac koncentri-rebuli samuSaos Sesrulebis dros xelisSemSlelia.

maswavlebelma unda gaiTvaliswinos, rom piradi velis dar-Rveva SesaZlebelia, magram damokidebulia moswavlis mzaobaze, saSualeba misces meore adamians, Sevides mis pirad velSi.

piradi urTierTobis faqtori da klasSi socialuri pozicie-bi gadamwyvetia gardatexis asakSi, am dros moswavleebs aSkarad aqvT gamokveTili, visTan surT siaxlove da visTan - gancalkev-ebiT yofna. es faqtori kargad unda iyos gaazrebuli da ga-kontrolebuli maswavleblis mier. Tu moswavleebs saSualebas miscemT, damoukideblad airCion klasSi sakuTari samuSao ad-gili, rig SemTxvevebSi, maTTan SesaZloa SegeqmnaT am poziciis SecvlasTan dakavSirebuli uTanxmoeba. mkveTrad Camoyalibe-buli ̀ es Cemi adgilia“ saswavlo zonebis principis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi xelisSemSlelia.

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situacia 7.

ivane gansakuTrebuli saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone bavSvia. mas Semdeg, rac mas adgili Seucvala, maswavlebeli am-Cnevs, rom ivane adgilze ver Cerdeba, aqeT-iqiT trialebs.

gansakuTrebuli saswavlo saWiroebis mqone bavSvebi SeiZle-ba mgrZnobiare aRmoCndnen klasSi adgilis Secvlis mimarT. mosalodnelia, rom es bavSvebi saerTod ar daTanxmdnen sak-laso oTaxSi gadaadgilebaze, amitomac maTi saWiroebis winas-wari gaTvaliswineba xels SegiwyobT, saklaso aqtivobebi ise dagegmoT, rom aseTi saxis dabrkolebebi ar warmoiqmnas.

ZiriTadi daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi:

• saklasooTaxisfizikurigaremosaerTosaswavloklimatis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani nawilia da did gavle-nas axdens moswavleTa CarTulobaze saswavlo procesSi;

• saklaso oTaxis fizikuri garemo eqvemdebarebaTqvens kontrols; SeuqmeniT moswavleebs iseTi garemo, romelic maTTvis yvelaze mosaxerxebelia swavlisa da gamocdilebis SeZenisaTvis;

• klasis fizikur garemoSi cvlilebebis Setanisas,gaiTvaliswineT, ras emsaxureba es cvlilebebi da aucile-blad SeuTanxmeT moswavleebsa da kolegebs.

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klasis marTvis stili

SeecadeT pasuxi gasceT Semdeg kiTxvebs:

1. SesaZlebelia Tu ara, moswavleebma monawileoba miiRon gakveTilis wesebis SemuSavebaSi, miznebis gansazRvraSi, aq-tivobebis SerCevaSi?

2. rogor unda moviqceT, rom gakveTilze moswavleTa qcevis problemebi minimumamde daviyvanoT da amisaTvis mkacri kon-troli ar gaxdes saWiro?

3. ras niSnavs TanamSromlobiTi urTierToba?

4. rogor unda moviqceT, rom xeli SevuwyoT moswavlis damoukideblobis da pasuxismgeblobis grZnobis ganviTarebas?


gakveTilze efeqtiani saswavlo klimatis Sesaqmnelad klasis marTvis rogori stilia optimaluri;

ras gulisxmobs klasis marTvis demokratiuli stili;

ratom aris mniSvnelovani moswavleebTan TanamSromlo-biTi urTierToba;

rogor unda moviqceT, rom klasSi SevqmnaT iseTi at-mosfero, romelic xels Seuwyobs, rogorc individualuri, aseve jgufuri pasuxismgeblobis ganviTarebas.

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warmovidginoT sami tipis gakveTili:

situaciebi

I. zari irekeba, bavSvebi garbian klasisken, maT ician, rom axla istoriis gakveTilia da istoriis maswavleblis mier dadgenili wesebis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi nebismieri moswavle mkacrad daisjeba. maswavleblis erTi gamoxedvac ki sakmarisia, rom klasSi samariseburma siCumem daisadguros. gakveTili yovelTvis mimdinareobs maswavleblis mier SemuSavebuli geg-mis da wesebis mixedviT. giorgi ar arRvevs gakveTilis wesebs da, am mxriv, maswavleblis SeniSvnac arasdros daumsaxurebia. bunebrivad dabali tempidan gamomdinare, mas dro sWirdeba in-formaciis gaazrebisTvis da rodesac cdilobs maswavleblis mier dasmul kiTxvas pasuxi swrafad gasces, Secdomas uSvebs. Tumca mas ar eZleva saSualeba, TviTon ipovos swori gamosava-li. maswavlebeli saswrafod svams mas adgilze da TviTon sTavazobs klass swor pasuxs, an sxva moswavleebTan gadadis

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imave SekiTxviT. msgavs SemTxvevas xSirad dasvenebaze Tanak-laselebis dacinva mohyolia da giorgim gadawyvita, rom isto-riis gakveTilze sakuTari iniciativis gamoCenisgan Tavi Seika-vos.

marTalia sruli wesrigi sufevs, dro uqmad ar ikargeba da maswavlebeli maqsimalurad sruli informaciis miwodebas axerxebs, magram cotaa klasSi iseTi moswavle, romlisTvisac istoriis gakveTili dadebiT emociebTan aris dakavSirebuli.

II. istoriis gakveTils qarTulis gakveTili mosdevs. bavSvebi dasvenebaze cdiloben, moamzadon klasi, gadadgilon magidebi da skamebi, dafaze daweron Temis saTauri, SeTanxmdnen, vis ra roli eqneba erToblivi proeqtis prezentaciaSi, romelzec sakmaod didxans imuSaves maswavlebelTan erTad. maswavlebeli Semodis Sepirebuli proeqtoriT xelSi da xalisianad esalme-

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ba moswavleebs. mas aparaturis mowyobaSi is bavSvebi exmarebian, vinc dRevandel prezentaciaSi ar monawileoben. es wesi xom TviTon bavSvebma SeimuSaves. amasobaSi zaric irekeba da jgufi muSaobas iwyebs. maswavlebeli erT-erTi moswavlis gverdiT zis. igi, ZiriTadad, msmenelis rolSia, periodulad cdilobs, gamoexmauros da daareguliros TiToeuli moswavlis Tanabari monawileoba. prezentaciis dasrulebis Semdeg yvela moswavles aqvs sakuTari azris gamoTqmis saSualeba da Tu es umetesobis azrs ar emTxveva, aravin cdilobs mis gadarwmunebas. isev maTive SemuSavebuli wesis mixedviT, roca erTi laparakobs, danarCen-ebi usmenen. TiToeul moswavles gakveTilze sakuTari roli da pasuxismgebloba aqvs: zogma informacia moipova Temis Sesaxeb, zogma - fotoebi, zogma kompiuteruli versia Seqmna.

III. gansxvavebuli suraTia biologiis gakveTilze. zari ireke-ba, maswavlebeli Semodis, Tumca moswavleebisTvis es ar aris sakmarisi, rom merxebs miusxdnen da gakveTilisTvis moemzadon. zogi saubrobs, zogi suraTebis alboms aTvalierebs, zogi ki sxva sagnis davalebas wers. maswavlebeli mTel klass mimar-Tavs:

,, -aba, dasxediT da moemzadeT gakveTilisTvis!” moswavleebi auCqareblad miemarTebian merxebisken. maswavle-

beli axla saTiTaod, saxelebiT miuTiTebs, rom mowesrigdnen. am dros ori moswavle dagvianebiT Semodis. samuSao ganwyobis SeqmnaSi sakmao dro ixarjeba. maswavlebeli kiTxvas svams, pasux-is gageba rTulia, radgan yvela erTad cdilobs pasuxis gace-mas. maswavleblis TxovniT erTi moswavle dafasTan gamodis da gakveTilis moyolas iwyebs, maswavlebels periodulad isev uxdeba moswavleebisTvis simSvidisken mowodeba, radgan xSiria adgilidan wamoZaxili, zogierTi isev sxva saqmianobiT aris dakavebuli.

marTalia, am gakveTilze igrZnoba maswavleblis keTil-ganwyoba, moswavleebis Tavisuflebis xarisxi maRalia, magram wesebis da CarCoebis ararsebobis gamo rTulia gakveTilze konkretuli miznis miRweva, TiToeuli moswavlis Tanabari monawileobis SesaZleblobis uzrunvelyofa.

Tqveni azriT, zemoT AaRniSnuli romeli tipis gakveTili aviTarebs moswavleebSi iseT mniSvnelovan unar-Cvevebs, rogor-icaa damoukidebeli da SemoqmedebiTi muSaoba, TanamSromloba, swavlis mimarT dadebiTi damokidebuleba, individualuri da jgufuri pasuxismgebloba?

klasis marTva- es aris procesi, romelic miznad isaxavs

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gakveTilis Seuferxeblad warmarTvas da moswavleTa arasasur-veli qcevis Tavidan acilebas. klasis efeqtiani marTva, pirvel rigSi, gulisxmobs pirobebis Seqmnas mizanmimarTuli swavleb-isa da swavlisaTvis. am procesSi mniSvnelovani funqcia eki-sreba maswavlebels da misi klasis marTvis stils.

Tu sxvadasxva maswavleblis gakveTils davakvirdebiT, rTu-li ar aris maT Soris gansxvavebebis danaxva. es gamoixateba mo-swavleebis qcevaSi, swavlis mimarT damokidebulebaSi, zogadad, moswavleebis ganwyobaSi gakveTilze da saswavlo aqtivobebis saxeebSi. aRniSnul gansxvavebebs mniSvnelovnad gansazRvravs maswavleblis mier klasis marTvis stili. ganvixilavT ramdenime maTgans:

demokratiuli – romelic efuZneba moswavle–maswavleblisTanabaruflebianobas. gakveTilis Sedegis avtoric da pa-suxismgebelic orive mxarea. maswavlebeli TiToeuli moswav-lis azrs afasebs, aZlevs damoukideblobis, TviTgamoxatvis SesaZleblobas, uzrunvelyofs yvela moswavlis CarTulobas individualuri SesaZleblobebidan gamomdinare. TiToeul Secdomas mosdevs ara sasjeli, aramed daxmareba, rogorc maswavleblis, aseve sxva moswavleebis mxridan. klasis mar-Tvis demokratiuli stilic gulisxmobs garkveul wesebs, sagakveTilo CarCoebs, Tu valdebulebebs, romelTa SemuSave-baSi aqtiur monawileobas iReben moswavleebi da TiToeul maTgans Tanabrad moeTxoveba maTi dacva.

avtoritaruli _ romlis drosac ,,TamaSis~ wesebs yovelTvis maswavlebeli gansazRvravs. gakveTili mimdinareobs maswav-leblis mier SemuSavebuli gegmis mixedviT, yvela saswavlo komponents is gansazRvravs. misi ZiriTadi funqcia codnis gadacemaa. maswavleblis mxridan moswavleebis qcevis kon-troli maRalia, moswavles evaleba morCileba.

qaosuri _ romlis drosac ar aris gamokveTili sagakveTilo wesebi da CarCoebi. maswavleblis mxridan moswavleebis qce-vis kontroli dabalia, mas keTilganwyobili da megobruli urTierToba aqvs moswavleebTan. Sesabamisad, moswavleebi ar arian SezRudulni saswavlo procesis dros, Tumca aseT pi-robebSi rTulia konkretuli miznis dasaxva da Tanmimdevru-

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li Sesruleba.

gakveTili rTuli procesia, romelSic erTdroulad, daax-loebiT, 20-dan 40-mde bavSvi monawileobs. TiToeul maTgans aqvs gansxvavebuli interesebi, SesaZleblobebi, pirovnuli Tav-iseburebebi. maswavleblis winaSe dgas amocana: man unda uzrun-velyos TiToeuli moswavlis CarTuloba, Seqmnas SemoqmedebiTi aRmoCenebis xelSemwyobi garemo da, amavdroulad, Tavidan aici-los disciplinis darRvevebi. rogor unda moaxerxos maswavle-belma es?

rodesac maswavlebeli moswavleebisTvis ndobiT aRWur-vili piria da, amavdroulad, namdvili partniori, Tanamosaubre, TanamSromeli, gakveTilze mimdinare aqtivobebis dros moswav-leebi saswavlo procesis Tanamonawileni da Tanaavtorebi arian, aseT SemTxvevaSi disciplinis darRvevebi naklebia. sa-gakveTilo wesebis Sesrulebis pasuxismgebloba izrdeba, roca moswavleebs TviTon aqvT miRebuli aqtiuri monawileoba maT SemuSavebaSi. magaliTad,Ees wesebi, SesaZloa, exebodes jgufuri muSaobis dros qcevis CarCoebs. rodesac moswavleTa ideebi, interesebi, mignebebi gavlenas axdens sagakveTilo aqtivobebisa da miznebis SerCevaze, isini kompetenturad grZnoben Tavs da Sinagani pasuxismgeblobis gancdac mZafria. Tu gakveTilze Ti-Toeul moswavles aqvs Tavisi roli misi SesaZleblobebis da interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT (ix. gakveTili I), amiT iziarebs jgufisTvis saerTo miznis miRwevis pasuxismgeblobas, Sesa-bamisad, misi motivaciac maRalia da jgufuri pasuxismgeblobis grZnobac viTardeba.

mniSvnelovania, rom maswavlebelma waaxalisos moswavlee-bis damoukidebeli qmedeba (mag. gakveTilis TemasTan dakav-Sirebuli damatebiTi informaciis mopoveba, damoukideblad aR-moCenili problemis gadaWris gza); aseve, Tu gakveTilze yovel moswavles aqvs saSualeba, gabedulad gamoTqvas sakuTari azri da umravlesobisgan gansxvavebul mosazrebebic pativiscemiT moisminos da gaiTvaliswonos, maSin naklebia protestis gaCenis albaToba.

aseTi midgoma gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania gardamaval asakSi, rodesac damoukideblobis moTxovnileba mZafrdeba da, daukmayofileblobis SemTxvevaSi, xSirad arasasurveli qcevis saxiT iCens Tavs.

arcTu iSviaTia iseTi SemTxvevebi, rodesac moswavleebis gardamavali asakis dadgomasTan erTad gvesmis maswavleblis Civili:

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_,,Cems klass ver vcnob!”_,,Tu adre iolad vimorCilebdi, axla araferi esmiT!”roca gakveTilze moswavleebis Tavisuflebis xarisxi daba-

lia, maTi qceva mudmivad maswavleblis mxridan kontroldeba, aseT pirobebSi TviTkontrolis Sinagani meqanizmebis Camoya-libebaze saubari SeuZlebelia. kvlevebiT dadasturebulia, rom avtoritarul ojaxebSi aRzrdili bavSvebi mozrdilobaSi midrekilni arian agresiisken, aqvT dabali TviTSefaseba da ada-mianebTan efeqturi urTierTobis unariT ar gamoirCevian.

jansaRi sagakveTilo garemos Sesaqmnelad mniSvnelovania, Tu rogor gegmavs maswavlebeli gakveTils da rogor aRiq-vams moswavle mas. gansxvavebiT avtoritaruli marTvis stil-isagan, klasis marTvis demokratiuli stilis SemTxvevaSi, mas-wavlebelic da moswavlec erTnairad kmayofilia gakveTiliT. es ganxorcielebadia im SemTxvevaSi, Tu maswavleblis moTx-ovnebi Seesabameba moswavleTa individualur SesaZleblobebs da saWiroebebs, ar aris zedmetad rTuli an piriqiT, marti-vi. mag. damatebiTi amocanis micema im moswavlisTvis, vinc adre daamTavra jgufisTvis saerTo davaleba da meti drois micema im moswavlisTvis, visac neli muSaoba axasiaTebs. Ti-Toeuli moswavlis mier miRebuli Sedegis Sefaseba individu-aluri winsvlis gaTvaliswinebiT ise, rom yovelma moswavlem kargad gaacnobieros rogorc sakuTari, aseve sxvebis miRweva. aseTi midgoma adasturebs, rom maswavlebeli pasuxismgeblobas grZnobs TiToeuli moswavlis miRwevasTan dakavSirebiT da mis-Tvis mniSvnelovania, rom TiToeuli moswavle kmayofili iyos gakveTiliT.

keTilganwyobili da mxardamWeri garemo aucilebeli pi-robaa bavSvis SesaZleblobebis maqsimaluri gamovlenisTvis da SemoqmedebiTi, aqtiuri pirovnebis CamoyalibebisTvis. amitom mniSvnelovania, rogorc maswavleblis dadebiTi ganwyoba mo-swavleebis mimarT, aseve moswavleebs Soris jansaRi urTier-Tobebi. aRniSnulis uzrunvelsayofad maswavlebels SeuZlia waaxalisos moswavleebis mxridan urTierTdaxmarebis mcdelo-ba; mag. aRniSnos: ,, yoCaR, giorgi, rom sabas amocanis amoxsnis gzis povnaSi daexmare!”

gakveTilis Seuferxeblad warmarTvisTvis da arasasurveli qcevebis Tavidan asarideblad, mniSvnelovania, rom maswavle-beli koncentrirebuli iyos jgufze, rogorc mTlianze, maSi-nac ki, roca moswavlesTan individualurad muSaobs. amisaTvis, SesaZlebelia, mTel jgufs mieces instruqcia, rom icodnen, ra akeTon manam, sanam pedagogi romelime moswavlesTan imuSavebs.

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rodesac maswavlebeli cdilobs, Seqmnas ormxrivi ndo-bis, aRiarebis, Tanasworuflebianobis xelSemwyobi garemo, sa-dac yoveli arasasurveli qceva miewereba ara araswor aRzr-das, mSoblebs an garemo pirobebs, aramed ganixileba, rogorc ,,arademokratiuli” qceva maswavleblebis da megobrebis mimarT, Ees amZafrebs moswavlis pasuxismgeblobis gancdas, aZlierebs TviTkontrolis meqanizmebs da, Sesabamisad, mcirdeba arasasur-veli qcevis gamovlenis albaTobac.

Tqven ukve SegiZliaT, ipovoT pasuxi am Tavis dasawyisSi mocemul yvela SekiTxvaze. daubrundiT kiTxvebs da gaeciT pasuxebi.


• jansaRi saswavlo garemos uzrunvelsayofadyvelaze optimaluri da efeqturia klasis marTvis demokratiuli stili;

• klasismarTvisdemokratiulistiligulisxmobsmoswavleTa aqtiur Tanamonawileobas saswavlo pro-cesebis dagegmvasa da ganxorcielebaSi, maTi damoukide-blobis da pasuxismgeblobis grZnobis ganviTarebis xelSewyobas;

• rodesacmoswavleebiaqtiurmonawileobasiRebensagakveTilo aqtivobebis, miznebis, wesebis SemuSavebaSi, saerTo miznis miRwevaSi TiToeuls Tavisi roli da pasuxismgebloba aqvs, es xels uwyobs rogorc jgufuri, aseve individualuri pasuxismgeblobis ganviTarebas;

• Tanabaruflebianobaze, TanamSromlobiT midgo-maze dafuZnebuli gakveTili saukeTeso saSualebaa mo-swavlis pirovnuli ganviTarebis xelSesawyobad.

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gakveTilis drois marTva

gaecaniT qvemoT dasmul SekiTxvebs da dafiqrdiT pasuxebze: 1. Tqveni azriT, 45-wuTiani gakveTilis ganmavlobaSi daax-

loebiT ramdeni wuTi ixarjeba uSualod saswavlo procesze?

2. ra Sedegi SeiZleba mohyves gakveTilis drois araekonomi-urad xarjvas?

3. ra xerxiT SeiZleba wavaxalisoT moswavleebi, rom gakveTi-lis dro usargeblod ar daxarjon?

4. rogor unda vimoqmedoT gauTvaliswinebel situaciebSi drois kargvis minimumamde dasayvanad?


ratom aris mniSvnelovani gakveTilis drois sworad marTva;

rogor unda gamoiyenoT sagakveTilo dro ekonomi-urad;

rogor unda CamouyaliboT moswavleebs gakveTilis drois efeqtianad gamoyenebis Cveva.

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***** maswavleblebi yovelTvis uCivian drois naklebobas. isini

Tvlian, rom xSirad ar aris sakmarisi dro imisTvis, rom moswav-leebi saTanadod daeuflon saswavlo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebul masalas. amitomac udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeba gakveTilze drois optimalurad gamoyenebas. kvlevebi aCvenebs, rom gakveTi-lis drois sul mcire 10% ixarjeba klasis marTvis sakiTxebis mogvarebaSi, raTa maswavlebelma uzrunvelyos swavlisTvis saWiro pirobebis Seqmna. amasTan, gakveTilze yovelTvis Sei-Zleba Seiqmnas gauTvaliswinebeli situaciebi (xmauri kori-

22

dorSi, moulodneli stumari klasSi, moswavlis udisciplino saqcieli), romlebic aseve moiTxovs maswavleblis da moswav-leebis yuradRebas. aseT SemTxvevaSi, swavlisTvis gankuTvnili dro kidev ufro mcirdeba. martivi ariTmetikuli gamoTvlac sakmarisia, raTa davrwmundeT, rom TiToeul gakveTilze dakar-guli ori wuTic ki wlis bolosTvis usargeblod gaflangul saaTebs utoldeba. gakveTilze drois dakargvas ori uaRresad seriozuli Sedegi mohyveba:

1. gakveTilze, sadac dro usargeblod ixarjeba, gacilebiT metia disciplinis problemebi, vidre sworad ganawilebuli drois SemTxvevaSi;

2. gakveTilis drois kargva pirdapir aisaxeba moswavleTa akademiur warmatebaze.

Aamitomac, mniSvnelovania, vicodeT, rogor SevamciroT drois danakargi minimumamde.

pirveli, rac uTuod unda gaviTvaliswinoT, isaa, rom drois nayofierad gamoyeneba Tavad moswavlis interesebSi Sedis. mar-Talia, isini arRveven wesrigs, efantebaT yuradReba da guli ufro garTobisken miuwevT, magram es sulac ar niSnavs, rom ar aqvT survili, saintereso da sasargeblo saqme akeTon. moswav-leebsac sWirdebaT imis SegrZneba, rom maT am dRes warmatebiT Seasrules TavianTi samuSao. maTi es moTxovnileba SeiZleba SesaniSnavad gamoviyenoT, raTa moswavle Cvens Tanamoazred vaq-cioT.

I. darwmuneba saubriT, diskusiiT, ganmartebebiTa da magaliTebiT, Seveca-

doT, davarwmunoT moswavle, rom saswavlo dro optimalurad unda gamoviyenoT. es, rasakvirvelia, ar niSnavs, rom am dRi-dan moyolebuli, igi gakveTilze wuTsac ar gaacdens uqmad, ma-gram imas ki SeiZleba mivaRwioT, rom moswavlem gaiazros Cveni moTxovnebis aucilebloba. momavalSi Cveni xSiri da mkacri Sexsenebebi, drois ekonomiurad xarjvasTan dakavSirebiT, aRar aRiqmeba, rogorc ubralo daJineba da nakleb winaaRmdegobas awydeba.

am Temis aqcentirebisa da moswavleTaTvis drois marTvis Cvevis gamomuSavebisaTvis Zalian sasargeblo SeiZleba gamodg-es martivi kiTxvari. magaliTad:

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saxeli____________________

TariRi________________________

gaiazreT dRevandeli gakveTili da SeecadeT, gulwrfelad upa-

suxoT SekiTxvebs:

1. gakveTili grZeldeba ______ wuTi.

2. Cemi azriT, dRes me usargeblod davxarje ________ wuTi.

3. aRniSne, is punqtebi, romelsac eTanxmebi.

me ar vmuSaobdi ...

• pirveli5wuTi

• pirveli10wuTi

• bolo5wuTi

• damoukidebeliwerisdros

• rocasxvebiteqstskiTxulobdnen

• diskusiisdros

• jgufurimuSaobisas

• sxva(Tavaddaamate)

4. dRes me kargad vimuSave, roca

_________________________________________

5. Zalian advilad mefanteba yuradReba, roca

__________________________

6. dros ukeTesad gamoviyeneb, Tu

__________________________________________

7. maswavlebels vurCevdi

__________________________________________________

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amgvari kiTxvaris Sevseba gansakuTrebiT efeqturi iqneba ise-Ti gakveTilis Semdeg, roca, maswavleblis azriT, Cveulebrivze meti dro daixarja uqmad. SekiTxvebi SeiZleba Seicvalos, raTa is konkretuli klasisa da gakveTilis saWiroebebs moergos, magram ucvleli rCeba mizani _ SevaxsenoT moswavleebs drois mniSvneloba da maTi pasuxismgebloba, rom gakveTilze dro maT-save sasargeblod daixarjos.

II. daintereseba

gamocdili maswavleblebi bevr gansxvavebul xerxs mimar-Taven, raTa moswavleebs gakveTilis drois sworad gamoyenebis stimuli miscen. am mizniT SeiZleba gamoviyenoT, magaliTad

• 10-wamianiSejibreba

maswavlebeli aZlevs instruqcias: `bavSvebo, me daviTvli 10-dan 1-mde da vnaxoT, Tu moaswrebT, rom am 10 wamSi Tqveni wignebi,

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rveulebi da kalmebi ukve merxze iyos~. am xanmokle Sejibrebis Sedegia dazogili 3-4 wuTi da gaxalisebuli, energiiT aRsavse moswavleebi;

• axalirekordi

maswavlebeli Seaxsenebs moswavleebs, rom wina jerze maT zustad 20 wamSi moaxerxes gakveTilisTvis momzadeba (an merx-ebis milageba da a. S.). dRes isini unda Seecadon, gaaumjobeson TavianTi rekordi. moswavleebisTvis saxalisoa Tavad Sejibre-ba da ar aris aucilebeli, maT rame jildo SevTavazoT kargi SedegisTvis;

• saxalisoaqtivoba

yvela problemur momentSi gamovuyoT moswavleebs sakmarisze meti dro (magaliTad, 2 wuTi jgufuri muSaobis Semdeg sakuTar merxebTan dabrunebisTvis) da Tan gavafrTxiloT, rom maT mier am droidan dazogili wuTebi da wamebi daemateba `saxaliso aq-tivobis dros~. `saxaliso aqtivoba~ es aris moswavleebisTvis gansakuTrebiT sayvareli aqtivoba (mag. TamaSi, kompiuterTan muSaoba, Sejibri), romelsac maswavlebeli klasTan SeTanxmebiT arCevs da risTvisac moswavleebi mTeli dRis an mTeli kviris ganmavlobaSi àgroveben wuTebs~, radgan `saxaliso aqtivobac~ saswavlo miznebs emsaxureba.

SeiZleba CaiTvalos, rom maswavleblis mier guluxvad gamoyofili dro uqmad ar ikargeba da moswavleebsac stimuli eZlevaT, iCqaron.

es da am tipis sxva xerxebi SeiZleba gamoviyenoT garkveu-li periodulobiT da amiT gakveTilis dasawyisidanve SevqmnaT swrafi ritmi an aqtivobidan aqtivobaze gadasvlis momentSi gamovafxizloT da gavaaqtiuroT moswavleebi.

III. maswavleblis magaliTi

yvela zemoTCamoTvlili saSualeba Sedegiani aRmoCndeba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu moswavle maswavleblis piradi magaliTiT rwmundeba, ramdenad Zvirfasia gakveTilis dro. mas-wavlebeli TviTon unda iyos organizebulobisa da punqtua-lurobis magaliTi. Tu Cven Tavad vagvianebT, ramdenime wuTi veZebT saxelmZRvanelos da ver vpoulobT maTi davalebis rveu-

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lebs, usargeblo iqneba drois yairaTianad xarjvaze xangrZli-vi saubari. yvelaze didi safrTxe iqmneba maSin, roca Cveni gegma ver amarTlebs. xSirad xdeba, rom maswavlebeli winaswar sworad ver Tvlis aqtivobebisaTvis saWiro dros, an erT-erTi aqtivoba Cavardeba. magaliTad, imitom rom magnitofoni, rom-lis imedic gvqonda, ar muSaobs. moswavleebma ar unda igrZnon, rom maswavlebeli gakveTilis bolo 10-15 wuTi eZebs, Tu rogor gaiyvanos dro. amgvari SemTxvevebisTvis aucileblad unda gvqondes saTadarigo gegma. es SeiZleba iyos imave aqtivobis organizebis sxva varianti, an gakveTilis mizanTan dakavSire-buli damatebiTi aqtivoba im moswavleTaTvis, vinc samuSaos adre daasrulebs.

miuxedavad maswavleblis yvela mcdelobisa, aris SemTxvevebi, roca gakveTilis mimdinareobas gauTvaliswinebeli movlenebi arRvevs. magaliTad, moulodneli stumari, xmauri mezobeli sak-laso oTaxidan, moswavlis gamoZaxeba direqciaSi da a.S. amgvari SemTxvevebis nawili SeiZleba Tavidan aviciloT direqciasTan da kolegebTan garkveuli SeTanxmebis miRwevis Sedegad. danarCen SemTxvevaSi mxolod is SegviZlia, minimumamde daviyvan-oT gakveTilis SewyvetiT gamowveuli areuloba da SevecadoT, moswavleTa yuradReba maqsimalurad fokusirebuli darCes aq-tivobaze.


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• gakveTilisdrois araswormarTvasSedegad mosdevsdisciplinis problemebi da moswavleTa akademiuri Sedege-bis gauareseba;

• droisefeqtianmarTvasmaswavlebelimoswavleTadax-marebisa da monawileobis gareSe ver SeZlebs. amitom igi unda Seecados, aqtiurad Caabas moswavleebi am procesSi diskusiis, kiTxvarebis da sxvadasxva saxaliso aqtivobis saSualebiT;

• TavisiqmedebiTadagakveTilisefeqturidagegmviTmaswavlebeli Tavad unda iZleodes drois ekonomiurad gamoyenebis magaliTs;

• moulodnelsituaciebSimaswavleblismTavariamoca-naa, minimumamde daiyvanos am situaciiT gamowveuli areulo-ba da umokles xanSi isev gadaitanos moswavleTa yuradReba samuSaoze.

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gakveTilis etapebi

situacia

zari daireka. maswavlebeli dgas da uyurebs moswavleebs, romlebic nel-nela Semodian klasSi, jer megobrebis merxebTan SeCerdebian da agrZeleben koridorSi dawyebul saubars, mere TavianT merxebs miusxdebian da mSvidad iwyeben saWiro wigne-bisa da rveulebis Zebnas CanTaSi. am saqmianobaSi gakveTilis pirveli 5-10 wuTi absoluturad usargeblod gadis. problema mxolod am drois dakargva ki araa, aramed isic, rom gakveTi-lis ritms, moswavleTa samuSao ganwyobilebas xSirad pirveli wuTebi gansazRvravs.


ras niSnavs gakveTilis efeqtianad dawyeba da damTavre-ba;

rogor unda SevqmnaT samuSao garemo gakveTilis pirveli wuTebidanve;

rogor SevamciroT drois danakargi aqtivobidan aqtivobaze gadasvlisas;

ra mizniT unda gamoviyenoT gakveTilis daskvniTi etapi.

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moswavleebi siamovnebiT gadmoitanen klasSi im arasamuSao ganwyobas, romelic Sesvenebaze iqmneba.

amis Tavidan asacileblad maswavlebelma unda moaxerxos saklaso samuSao garemos Seqmna. ucilebelia, SevimuSavoT qcevis wesebi Tu moTx-ovnebi, romlebic yvela gakveTilis dasawyisSi meordeba, nacnobia moswavleebisTvis da exmareba maT gonebrivad da emociurad ganewyon axali gakveTilisTvis. am wesebis moswavleebTan erTad SemuSaveba ufro Sedegiania. es wesebi SeiZleba yvela maswavleblisTvis individualuri, magram, aucileblad skolis Sinaganawesis Sesabamisi unda iyos. aseve, sasurvelia, gaviTvaliswinoT ramdenime rCeva

ix. gv. 65

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• zarisdarekvamdeSediTklasSi,moamzadeTdafa,TvalsaCi-noeba, gasinjeT magnitofoni, SeamowmeT gakveTilisTvis saWiro yvela resursi (magaliTad, cdisTvis saWiro masala). Tqveni mi-zani unda iyos is, rom zaris darekvisTanave SeqmnaT samuSao ganwyoba, da ara mxolod fizikurad imyofebodeT saklaso oTaxSi. amiT moswavleebs uCvenebT, Tu ramdenad pasuxismgeblo-biT ekidebiT gakveTils da sakuTari punqtualurobiT maTac magaliTs miscemT;

• SeegebeTmoswavleebssaklasooTaxSiSemosvlisTanave-miesalmeT, daurigeT davalebis rveulebi an sxva masala, rac gakveTilisTvis gWirdebaT; gamoiyeneT es dro maT SekiTxvebze pasuxis gasacemad, individualuri problemebis ganxilvisTvis, zogadi komentarebisTvis, romlebic, saboloo jamSi, xels Seuw-yobs maswavlebelsa da moswavleebs Soris keTilganwyobasa da urTierTgagebas;

• bevriproblemisTavidanacilebaSeiZleba,TumoviTxovT,rom moswavleebma saklaso oTaxSi SemosvlisTanave miaSuron TavianT merxebs. amiT xels SevuSliT maT mcdelobas, rom Sesvenebaze dawyebuli problemebis ganxilva klasSi ganagrZon. moTxovna, rom yvela moswavle dauyovnebliv sakuTar merxs miu-jdes, saukeTeso saSualebaa gakveTilze da swavlis procesze maTi yuradRebis koncentrirebisTvis;

• erT-erTixerxi,romelicdagexmarebaTmoswavleTayura-dRebis mobilizebaSi, aris Tqveni moTxovnebis dafaze winas-warve Camowera. aman SeiZleba aseTi saxe miiRos:

gadaSaleT wignebi gv. 42; moamzadeT saSinao davalebis rveulebi Sesamowmeblad; CaiwereT rveulSi dRevandeli gakveTilis Tema.

• Sesvenebas da gakveTils erTmaneTisgan swored samuSaoatmosfero ganasxvavebs. es atmosfero unda iqmnebodes mos-wavlis saklaso oTaxSi SemosvlisTanave. dafaze an merxe-bze unda daxvdeT mokle, SedarebiT advili davaleba. am mokle davalebis mizania, Seamzados moswavleebi gakveTilis ZiriTadi nawilisaTvis, SeiZleba gamoviyenoT davaleba, romelic Seaxsen-ebs moswavleebs ganvlil masalas da moamzadebs niadags axali TemisTvis. es aqtivoba unda iyos saintereso da saxaliso, raTa

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moaxerxos moswavleebis yuradRebis gadarTva klasgareSe in-teresebidan gakveTilis Temaze. amasTan, igi sakmarisad martivi unda iyos, rom moswavleebma mokle droSi damoukideblad an wyvilebSi SeZlon misi Sesruleba. gaiTvaliswineT, rom es ar aris Cveulebrivi testi, romelic miznad isaxavs moswavlis codnis Semowmebas. Cveni mTavari mizani drois usargeblod kargvis Tavidan acileba da moswavlis saswavlo procesSi CarTvaa. aseTi davalebebis mofiqreba, gakveTilis saswavlo miznidan gamomdinare, ar iqneba rTuli. magaliTad, SeiZleba vTxovoT moswavleebs:

gaiazron an ganixilon TemasTan dakavSirebuli citata, andaza an martivi formula;

upasuxon 4 SekiTxvas wina dRes ganvlili masalidan;

ramdenime punqtad CamoTvalon, ra ician ukve axali gakveTilis Temis irgvliv;

gamoTqvan varaudi imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu raze iqne-ba axali gakveTili misi saTauris, suraTis (an suraTebis), teqstidan amokrebili mniSvnelovani frazebis, an rame sxva saxis miniSnebebis mixedviT;

CamoTvalon sami mizezi (mag. praqtikuli gamoyeneba), ris gamoc aucilebelia (an ar aris aucilebeli) am Temis Ses-wavla;

waikiTxon mokle sagazeTo statia (an nawyeti statiidan), magaliTad, im qveynis Sesaxeb, romlis Seswavlasac viwyebT;

CamoTvalon, ra problemebi SexvdaT saSinao davalebis Serulebisas (SeiZleba gakeTdes wyvilebSi);

amoxsnan rame Tavsatexi, krosvordi, saxaliso gamocana.

am davalebebis mofiqrebisas maswavleblis fantazias sruli gasaqani eZleva. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom ar aris aucilebeli, am dros Sesrulebuli davaleba detalurad gaswordes. mTavaria, davrwmundeT, rom moswavlem moindoma misi Sesruleba. Tu mo-swavle mas seriozulad miudga, maSasadame, Cveni mizani miRweu-

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lia, igi Seudga samuSao process, e.i. gakveTili daiwyo.

aqtivobidan aqtivobaze gadasvla

es procesi SedarebiT umtkivneulod warimarTeba, roca aq-tivobebi logikurad ebmis erTmaneTs. am SemTxvevaSi moswav-leebs ar uWirT erTi aqtivobidan meoreze gadarTva, maswav-leblis instruqciebic SedarebiT martivia da nakleb dros moiTxovs. Kkargad dagegmil gakveTilzec klasis organize-bis sakiTxebi garkveul dros moiTxovs. magaliTad, klasma daasrula damoukidebeli samuSao da Semdegi aqtivoba jgufur muSaobas iTvaliswinebs. es TavisTavad gulisxmobs moswavleTa moZraobas, SesaZlebelia, skamebis gadaadgilebasac. Tu realu-rad am saqmianobas 1-2 wuTi sWirdeba, moswavleebma SeiZleba amas gacilebiT meti dro moandomon. am problemis Tavidan asacileblad ramdenime nabijis gadadgma SeiZleba:

• mivceTnaTeliinstruqciadaaucilebladganvsaz-RvroT dro, rasac vaZlevT maT yvela saWiro proceduris Sesasruleblad;

• udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs imas, Tu sad imyofebaam periodSi maswavlebeli. igi fexze unda iyos da akon-trolebdes, ras akeTeben moswavleebi. maswavleblis aqti-uri yuradReba yvelaze efeqturi saSualebaa drois usarge-blod xarjvis winaaRmdeg;

• amdrosararissasurveli,pasuxigavceTmoswav-leTa SekiTxvebs (mag. wina an axal davalebebTan dakav-SirebiT), radgan gardamavali etapi, marTvis TvalsazrisiT, erT - erTi yvelaze rTuli momentia da am dros yuradReba warmoqmnili sirTuleebis swrafad mogvarebaze unda iyos fokusirebuli. SekiTxvebze pasuxi, umjobesia, im momentisTvis gadavdoT, roca moswavleebi mzad arian mosasmenad.

gakveTilis dasruleba

gakveTilis bolo wuTebSi maswavleblis ZiriTadi mizania, logikur dasasrulamde miiyvanos ganxiluli Tema da Seamow-mos, ramdenad moxerxda dagegmili saswavlo miznis miRweva. Tu gakveTilis romelime etapze Cven arasworad gavTvaleT dro, es aucileblad gamomJRavndeba swored bolo wuTebSi. Tu aq-

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tivobebs imaze naklebi dro dasWirda, vidre dagegmili gqon-daT, morCenili wuTebi Zalian efeqturad SeiZleba gamoiyenoT gakveTilis Sesajameblad da imis Sesamowmeblad, Tu rogor aiTvises moswavleebma axali informacia. ufro seriozuli problema iqmneba, Tu gakveTilis ZiriTad nawils dagegmilze met dros davuTmobT. zaris darekvis Semdeg maswavleblis mier dasmuli SekiTxvebi, micemuli davaleba da ganmartebebi uaRresad araefeqturia. Aamitom, rekomendebulia, daskvniTi etapisTvis gamovyoT daaxloebiT 10 wuTi, romelsac gamoiyenebT, raTa

1. SeajamoT gakveTilze ganxiluli masala. am mizniT SeiZleba

a. SeaxsenoT moswavleebs, ra iyo dRevandeli gakveTi-lis mizani da erTad gansazRvroT, ramdenad moxerxda misi miRweva;

b. daxuruli kiTxvebis saSualebiT SeamowmeT (gaime-oreT) gakveTilze ganxiluli masala;

2. sTxoveT moswavleebs, Seafason gakveTilis efeq-turoba. magaliTad,

a. moswavleebi CamoTvlian 3 rames, rac im dRes is-wavles da Seadareben am sias TavianTi partniorisas (wyvi-lebSi an jgufebSi);

b. moswavleebi mokled axasiaTeben (SeiZleba werilo-biT) dRevandeli gakveTilis yvelaze saintereso aspeqts;

3. daakavSireT es gakveTili SemdegTan, raTa gaaRvi-voT interesi da Tanac daexmaroT moswavleebs masalis er-Tian sistemaSi aRqmaSi. magaliTad,

a. sTxoveT moswavleebs, gamoicnon, ra iqneba Semdegi gakveTilis Tema;

b. uTxariT maT, ras Seexeba Semdegi gakveTili; 4. CaawerineT moswavleebs saSinao davaleba da

mieciT misi SesrulebisTvis saWiro yvela rekomendacia da rCeva. xSirad saWiro xdeba, magaliTis saSualebiT Seamow-moT, aqvT Tu ara gagebuli, risi gakeTeba evalebaT. agreTve, sasurvelia, sTxovoT moswavleebs, rom Tavad gansazRvron, daaxloebiT ramdeni xani dasWirdebaT am davalebis Sesas-ruleblad.

bolo wuTi dauTmeT imas, rom moswavleebma Caalagon CanTebi

da mialagon samuSao adgili. esec dadgenili qcevis wesebis

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• maswavlebelma saklaso oTaxSi SemosvlisTanaveunda moaxerxos moswavlis yuradRebis gadarTva sas-wavlo procesze, misi daintereseba, gonebrivad da emo-ciurad ganwyoba axali gakveTilisTvis. am mizniT unda gamoviyenoT mokle, martivi, saintereso da gakveTilis miznebTan dakavSirebuli aqtivoba;

• aqtivobidanaqtivobazegadasvlisepizodebi,mar-Tvis TvalsazrisiT, uaRresad rTulia. maTi efeqtianad warmarTva maswavleblisganDsrul koncentracias da aqtiur monawileobas moiTxovs;

• gakveTilisdaskvniTetapzemaswavleblisamoca-naa, Seamowmos, ramdenad moxerxda gakveTilis saswavlo miznis miRweva da daanaxos moswavleebs logikuri kav-Siri ganvlil masalasa da momaval gakveTils Soris.

nawili unda gaxdes. da bolos, daemSvidobeT moswavleebs. Uum-jobesia, am dros karTan idgeT, radgan amiT Tavidan aicilebT uwesrigobas da Tan SeZlebT, individualuri komentarebiT da saubriT daSordeT moswavleebs, rac maTTvis Tqveni yuradRebis da siTbos gamoxatuleba iqneba.

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saklaso organizaciis modelebi

gaecaniT qvemoT moyvanil situaciebs, dasmul SekiTxvebs da dafiqrdiT pasuxebze:

situacia 1.

warmoidgineT, rom SeixedeT Tqveni kolegis saklaso oTax-Si gakveTilis mimdinareobisas da dainaxeT, rom moswavleebi 3-4 kaciani jgufebSi ganawilebulan da gacxarebiT saubroben. bevri maTgani zurgiT zis dafisa da maswavleblis magidisaken. Tavad maswavlebeli Tavidan verc SeniSneT, bolos ki dainaxeT, rom igi erT-erT jgufTan zis da moswavleebs esaubreba.


ras niSnavs saklaso organizaciis modelebi;

ratom aris mniSvnelovani saerTo saklaso, individu-aluri da jgufuri muSaobis gamoyeneba swavlebis pro-cesSi;

ra SemTxvevaSia umjobesi TiToeuli maTganis gamoyeneba.

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situacia 2.

saklaso oTaxSi merxebi rigebadaa ganlagebuli, moswavlee-bis yuradReba dafisa da maT win mdgomi maswavlebliskenaa mipyrobili. isini xelis aweviT aniSneben maswavlebels, roca pasuxis gacema an azris gamoTqma surT.

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a) rogori iqneboda Tqveni STabeWdileba I situaciis xilvi-sas? aqvs Tu ara am SemTxvevaSi mniSvneloba, ra sagans aswavlis maswavlebeli?

b) SeadareT erTmaneTs es ori situacia da gadawyviteT, sak-laso organizaciis romeli modeli ufro gamarTlebulia im SemTxvevaSi, roca:

1. maswavlebeli axal gakveTils xsnis;

2. moswavleebi pasuxoben maswavleblis SekiTxvebs ganvlili gakveTilis irgvliv;

3. moswavleebi cdiloben, ipovon maswavleblis mier SemoT-avazebuli problemis gadawyvetis gza;

4. moswavleebi asruleben savarjiSos sakuTar rveulebSi;

5. moswavleebi erToblivad amzadeben proeqts.

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daakvirdiT klasSi moswavleTa ganlagebis qvemoT moyvanil sqemebs

maswavlebeli

maswavlebeli maswavlebeli

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axla SeecadeT, gansazRvroT, romeli maTgania ufro gama-rTlebuli:

a) saerTo saklaso muSaobisas (magaliTad, roca maswavle-beli axal masalas xsnis);

b) damoukidebeli samuSaos Sesrulebisas; g) mcire jgufebad muSaobisas (magaliTad, roca moswavleebi

4-kacian jgufebSi cdiloben problemis gadawyvetas).

*****

roca saubaria saskolo gakveTilze, upirveles yovlisa, Tvalwin gvidgeba grZel rigebad Camwkrivebul merxebTan mimj-dari moswavleebi da maT win mdgomi maswavlebeli, romelic klass mimarTavs. es swavlebis organizaciis yvelaze gavrcele-buli formaa mTels msoflioSi.

saklaso interaqciis

yvelaze miRebul modelad

dRemde rCeba ìnicireba-pasuxi-reaqcia~. am modelSi maswavle-beli aris interaqciis iniciatori, igi iwyebs saubars (mag. svams SekiTxvas), erT-erTi moswavle pasuxobs da am pasuxs mosdevs maswavleblis reagireba (Sefaseba, Sesworeba, SeniSvna an damate-biTi informacia).

miuxedavad imisa, rom saklaso organizaciis es forma yve-laze ufro gavrcelebulia, igi ar aris erTaderTi. maswavleb-lisTvis uaRresad mniSvnelovania, icodes sxvadasxva modelis Zlieri da susti mxareebi da, saWiroebis mixedviT, SeeZlos maTi gamoyeneba. ZiriTadad ganixilaven moswavleTa dajgufebis Sem-deg variantebs:

a) saerTo saklaso muSaoba;b) individualuri muSaoba;g) jgufuri muSaoba.

saerTo saklaso muSaoba gulisxmobs im SemTxvevebs, roca maswavlebeli muSaobs erTdroulad mTel klasTan, magali-Tad, kiTxvebis saSualebiT amowmebs maT codnas.

(saklaso interaqcia gulisxmobs urT-

ierTqmedebas, urTierTobas gakveTilis procesSi. aq gamoyofen or formas: maswavlebeli-moswavlis interaqcia da moswavle-moswavlis interaqcia. es ukanaskneli sakmaod iSviaTia trad-iciuli meTodebiT swavlebisas)

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marTalia, am dros TiToeul dasmul SekiTxvas erTi mos-wavle pasuxobs, magram mis pasuxs mTeli klasi ismens. swored amitom es unda CaiTvalos saerTo saklaso muSaobad.

saklaso organizaciis es modeli, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, yvelaze tradiciulia. mas bevri dadebiTi mxare aqvs. upirve-les yovlisa, maswavlebels aqvs saSualeba, erTianad mimarTos mTel klass da miawodos informacia, romlis individualurad an jgufebad miwodebac Zalian did dros waiRebda. amdenad, es forma Seucvlelia, roca maswavlebeli:

• xsnisaxalmasalas; • aZlevsmiTiTebebs;

• saubrobssaorganizaciosakiTxebze;

• aCvenebssuraTs,TvalsaCinoebas;

• asmeninebsmoswavleebsaudioCanawers;

• ukiTxavsklassmoTxrobas;

• moswavleanTavadmaswavlebelimuSaobsdafasTan.

kidev erTi mniSvnelovani aspeqti saerTo saklaso muSaobisa, aris is, rom am dros yalibdeba klasis erTianobis SegrZne-ba. moswavleebs uCndebaT gancda, rom isini erTi didi gundis wevrebi arian da erTnairad arian Cabmuli saswavlo procesSi. maT aqvT saerTo interesebi da problemebi, maT mimarT Tanabrad momTxovnebi arian. maswavlebelic am dros, rogorc arasdros, SeigrZnobs klasis ganwyobas, mis damokidebulebas sagnis, konk-retuli masalis da situaciis mimarT.

unda aRiniSnos isic, rom saerTo saklaso muSaoba yvelaze nacnobi formaa qarTveli maswavleblisTvis. gamocdilma mas-wavlebelma kargad icis, rogor gamoiyenos Tavisi avtoriteti erToblivi muSaobis warmatebiT warmarTvisaTvis. amitomac mo-swavleebic da maswavlebelic am Cveul garemoSi komfortulad grZnoben Tavs, rac dadebiTad aisaxeba swavlebis Sedegebze.

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damoukidebeli muSaoba gulisxmobs imas, rom garkveuli pe-riodis ganmavlobaSi bavSvi muSaobs marto, maswavleblis an sxva moswavleebis uSualo meTvalyureobis gareSe.

es aris meore, CvenTvis SedarebiT nacnobi modeli klasis organizaciisa. damoukidebeli muSaobis magaliTebia, roca mos-wavle klasSi an Sin damoukideblad:

• asrulebsraimesavarjiSos;

• wersTxzulebas;

• xsnismagaliTs;

• kiTxulobsteqsts;

• muSaobsproeqtze;

• moiZiebssaswavloprogramasTandakavSirebuldamatebiTmasalebs.

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damoukidebeli muSaobis am formebSi gansxvavebulia moswav-lis damoukideblobis xarisxi. klasSi magaliTis an amocanis amoxsnisas maswavleblis kontroli sakmaod maRalia, radgan igi aramarto adgens davalebis Sinaarss, aramed gansazRvravs saWiro drois xangrZlivobas, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi SeuZlia daxmarebis gawevac da Semdeg akontrolebs pasuxis siswores. maswavleblis kontroli minimaluria, roca moswavle muSaobs damoukidebel proeqtze. maSinac ki, roca proeqti Sinaarsobri-vad dakavSirebulia Sesaswavl TemasTan, moswavles aqvs saSu-aleba, Tavad gansazRvros Sinaarsis detalebi, maTi prezent-aciis forma da dagegmos Tavisi muSaobis grafiki.

miuxedavad aseTi didi mravalferovnebisa, damoukidebeli swavlebis yvela formas aqvs saerTo upiratesobebi:

• naklebstressiwvevsmoswavleSi,vidresaklasoorganizaciis romelime sxva forma, radgan am SemTxvevaSi, muSaobis procesSi igi daculia sxvaTa kritikisa da Se-fasebisagan;

• maswavlebels meti saSualeba aqvs, SeamCnios mos-wavlis individualuri Taviseburebebi, misi swavlis tempi, stili da susti Tu Zlieri mxareebi;

• es modeli aviTarebs moswavleSi damoukidebladgadawyvetilebebis miRebis unars, sakuTari Zalebis rwmenas da avtonomiurobas;

• amasTan,bevrimaswavlebelidamoukidebelsamuSaosiyenebs klasSi simSvidis da wesrigis aRsadgenad, rac xSir-ad Zalian sasargeblo strategia SeiZleba aRmoCndes.

jgufuri muSaoba moswavleebi wyvilebad, sam an met kacian jgufebad arian dayofili da erToblivad wyveten proble-mas, asruleben praqtikul davalebas an ganixilaven sadavo sakiTxs. jgufuri muSaoba ar niSnavs mxolod erTi moswav-lis mier meorisTvis daxmarebis aRmoCenas. jgufuri muSaoba gulisxmobs TanamSromlobiT urTierTobas jgufis wevrebs Soris. jgufis lideris rolia jgufis saerTo Sejerebuli azris gamoxatva klasis (danarCeni jgufebis) da maswavle-blis winaSe.

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davalebis Sesrulebisas moswavleTa mcire jgufebad day-ofa SedarebiT axalia qarTuli realobisTvis, magram es aris saklaso organizaciis is forma, romelmac, sworad warmarT-vis SemTxvevaSi, moswavles didi sargebloba SeiZleba moutanos da, amasTan, didi siamovnebac mianiWos. gamokvlevebi adasturebs, rom jgufuri muSaoba xels uwyobs:

• daswavlis Cvevebis da moswavlis cnebiTi, ab-straqtuli azrovnebis ganviTarebis process;

• motivaciiszrdasdaswavlisprocesisadmipozi-tiuri damokidebulebis Camoyalibebas;

• klasSimoswavleTaqcevisadaTanatolebTanurTier-Tobis gaumjobesebas, anu komunikaciis da socialuri unar-Cvevebis Camoyalibebas.

garda amisa, jgufuri muSaoba aumjobesebs saswavlo processa da mis Sedegebs. SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom is dadebiTad aisaxeba zogadad moswavlis damokidebulebaze sazogadoebasTan. bavSvs ver vaswavliT sazogadoebis winaSe pasuxismgeblobis grZnobas

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ise, rogorc mas mimatebisa da gamoklebis wesebs vaswavliT. misi, rogorc sazogadoebis wevris TviTSegnebisaTvis uaRre-sad mniSvnelovania mosmenisa da alternatiuli azris miRebis unari. sakuTar saqcielze pasuxismgeblobasa da adamianebTan kritikul, magram amasTanave urTierTpativiscemaze dafuZnebul urTierTobas bavSvebi saxelmZRvanelodan ki ara, magaliTiT da erTmaneTisagan swavloben.

jgufuri muSaobis mniSvneloba udavoa, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom Tanamedrove ganaTlebis mizani aramxolod codnis, faqto-brivi informaciis dagrovebaa, aramed miRebuli informaciis analizis, kritikuli Sefasebis unaris ganviTarebac. kritiku-li azrovnebis unaris CamoyalibebisaTvis ki moswavleebs unda hqondeT saSualeba, iazrovnon, ilaparakon da hyavdeT msmeneli. amisaTvis ar aris sakmarisi saubari mxolod maswavlebelTan da, miT ufro, mxolod maswavleblis saubris mosmena. moswavleTa kritikuli azrovneba yalibdeba mxolod iseT saswavlo gare-moSi, sadac xSiria intensiuri struqturirebuli urTierToba moswavleTa Soris. swored am mizans isaxavs jgufuri muSaoba.

jgufuri muSaobis sargeblianoba sxvadasxva TeoriiT Sei-Zleba aixsnas. erTi Teoriis TvalsazrisiT, bavSvis konceptu-aluri ganviTarebisTvis didi mniSvneloba aqvs ganviTarebis imave doneze myofi, magram sawinaaRmdego poziciis mqone ada-mianTan kamaTs. am `SemecnebiT konfliqts~ mivyavarT koncep-tualur ganviTarebamde, swavlamde, rac Cveni saboloo miza-nia. meore Teoriis mixedviT, erTad muSaobisas bavSvebi wyveten problemebs, an gaiazreben cnebebs, romlebsac damoukideblad verc erTi maTgani ver gaarTmevda Tavs. jgufSi erTi wevris azri biZgs aZlevs meoris ideebs, isini erTad midian problemis axlebur gagebamde, swavloben erTad da Semdeg SeuZliaT es codna gamoiyenon damoukideblad muSaobisas.

mkvlevarebi Tanxmdebian imazec, rom jgufuri muSaobis po-tenciali mTlianad araa gamokvleuli da, miT ufro, arc aTvise-buli. Tumca, misi zogierTi upiratesoba saklaso organizaciis sxva tipebTan, aSkaraa:

• izrdeba TiToeuli moswavlis CarTulobagakveTilze, isini naklebad pasiurebi arian da sxvisi pa-suxebis mosmeniT ar kmayofildebian. amasTan, moswavles meti saSualeba aqvs, Tavad gansazRvros Tavisi monawileo-bis forma;

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• mcirejgufSimuSaobaufronaklebfsiqologiursafrTxes moicavs moswavlisaTvis, vidre pasuxis gacema an sakuTari azris gamoxatva mTeli klasis winaSe;

• mcirdebamaswavleblismakontrolebelirolida,Sesabamisad, moswavles eniWeba arCevanis meti Tavisufleba, rac aviTarebs damoukidebeli swavlisa da damoukidebeli azrovnebis unar-Cvevebs;

• maswavlebelssaSualebaeZleva,daexmarosimmos-wavleebs, romlebic metad saWiroeben amas maSin, roca sxve-bic aqtiurad arian Cabmuli amocanis gadawyvetaSi.


• arsebobssaklasoorganizaciissamiZiriTadimod-eli: saerTo saklaso, damoukidebeli da jgufuri. amaT-gan pirveli ufro tradiciulia qarTuli skolisaTvis, magram individualuri da jgufuri muSaobac aranakleb mniSvnelovania;

• saklaso organizaciis TiToeul am models aqvsTavisi upiratesobebi. amitomac efeqturi saswavlo garemos Sesaqmnelad, sasurvelia, davicvaT maT Soris garkveuli balansi, ar moxdes erT-erTi maTganis (mag. saklaso muSaobis) dominireba da sxvaTa ugulebelyo-fa;

• Tu maswavlebeli, Cveulebriv, mTlianad akontro-lebs process saerTo saklaso muSaobis dros, misi kon-trolis done klebulobs damoukidebeli da jgufuri muSaobisas. Sesabamisad, matulobs Tavad moswavleTa iniciativa da damoukideblobis xarisxi, rasac udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs kritikulad moazrovne da damoukide-blad swavlis unaris mqone adamianis CamoyalibebisaT-vis.

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jgufuri muSaoba

gaecaniT qvemoT dasmul SekiTxvebs da dafiqrdiT pasux-ebze:

1. gamogiyenebiaT Tu ara odesme jgufuri muSaoba? ratom?

2. Tqveni azriT, ra problemebs SeiZleba waawydeT klasSi jgufuri muSaobis gamoyenebisas?

3. saklaso muSaobis dros ra zomis jgufebis gamoyenebaa rekomendebuli?

4. ra niSnis mixedviT unda davyoT klasi jgufebad?

5. romeli safexuridanaa ufro sasurveli klasSi jgufuri muSaobis gamoyeneba?

6. ra sagnebSia umjobesi jgufuri muSaobis gamoyeneba?


rogor unda gamoiyenoT jgufuri muSaoba klasSi;

rogor unda moiqceT, rom gadalaxoT moswavleTa uaryofiTi damokidebuleba jgufuri muSaobisadmi;

ra SemTxvevaSia umjobesi wyvilebis, triadebis, mcire da didi jgufebis gamoyeneba.

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*****

jgufuri muSaoba, misi bevri dadebiTi mxaris miuxedavad, Cvens realobaSi sakmaod iSviaTad gamoiyeneba. is maswavle-blebic ki, romlebic Teoriulad iwoneben saklaso organizaci-is am models, praqtikulad iSviaTad mimarTaven mas. amis miz-ezi ki albaT isaa, rom

a) maT ar ician, rogor dayon moswavleebi jgufebad;

b) pirvelive mcdelobisas awydebian moswavleTa uaryofiT reaqcias;

g) ar ician, ra tipis davalebebis SesrulebisTvisaa umjobe-si jgufuri muSaobis gamoyeneba;

d) Tvlian, rom ver SeZleben ramdenime jgufis erTdroulad gakontrolebas.

SevecadoT, mimovixiloT yvela zemoTCamoTvlili sakiTxi.

a) jgufebad dayofa

moswavleebis jgufebad dayofa arc ise martivia, rogorc es erTi SexedviT SeiZleba mogveCvenos. aq ramdenime aspeqtia gasaTvaliswinebeli:

jgufis zoma ZiriTadad damokidebulia gakveTilis mizan-ze, moswavleTa asaksa da imaze, Tu ramdenad nacnobia maT-Tvis muSaobis es forma. moswavleebi SeiZleba dajgufdnen wyvilebad, triadebad, mcire (4-5 kacian) da did (6 da met ka-cian) jgufebad.

wyvilebi yvelaze mosaxerxebelia dabal klasebSi muSaobi-sas, an iseT moswavleebTan, romlebic morcxvoben, an ara aqvT TanatolebTan TanamSromlobis gziT amocanebis gadaWris didi gamocdileba. amdenad, sawyis etapze sasurvelia, swored es forma gamoviyenoT. maswavleblisTvisac SedarebiT advilia wyvilebSi muSaobis dagegmva da warmarTva. amasTan, moswavlee-bi wyvilebSi zogjer iolad arTmeven Tavs iseT rTul davale-

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bebs, romelTa Sesrulebac damoukideblad gauWirdebodaT. iseTi davalebebi, romlebic dakavSirebulia gadawyvetilebis miRebasTan, an problemis gadaWris saukeTeso gzebis ZiebasTan, swored wyvilebSi unda warimarTos. aseve, wyvilebSi muSaoba SeiZleba gamoviyenoT imisaTvis, rom ufro Zlierma moswavlem daxmareba aRmouCinos masze susts. zogadad, wyvilSi muSaobisas maswavleblis yuradReba fokusirebuli unda iyos imaze, rom erTi moswavle ar dominirebdes meoreze.

triadebi (anu 3 moswavlisgan Semdgari jgufebi) gansa-kuTrebiT mizanSewonilia, roca erTi bavSvi moqmedebs danarCeni oris xelmZRvanelobiT, maTi saxeliT. magaliTad, muSaobs kom-piuterze, atarebs cdas, iwers maT mier SeTxzul ambavs da a.S. aseve, sasurvelia, triadebis gamoyeneba im etapze, roca bavSvebs jer kidev uWirT diskusiisas SeTanxmebamde misvla. am dros mesame moswavlis azri SeiZleba gadamwyveti aRmoCndes, Tumca Cndeba imis safrTxec, rom umravlesoba yovelTvis gadaZlevs erTis Tundac logikur, SeiZleba ufro swor mosazrebas.

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mcire jgufebi (4-5 moswavlisgan Semdgari) yvelaze ufro gavrcelebuli formaa faqtobrivad yvela tipis samuSaos Ses-asruleblad. aq SedarebiT iSviaTia erTi moswavlis domini-reba yvela sxvaze. ganixileba ramdenime gansxvavebuli vari-anti an mosazreba. amitomac saWiro xdeba yvela versiis mosmena, gaanalizeba da Sejereba. Tumca, isic unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom rac ufro didia jgufi, miT ufro rTulia misi muSaobis dagegmva da organizeba, rolebis ganawileba. amdenad, SeiZleba dawyebiTi klasebis moswavleebs sakmaod gauWirdeT am formiT muSaoba.

didi jgufebi (6-10 moswavle) sakmaod iSvi-aTad gamoiyeneba, radgan bevr problemas qmnis. aseT did jgufSi moswavle SeiZleba iyos pasi-uri, Tu amis survili aqvs. morcxv bavSvebs Sei-Zleba gauWirdeT didi auditoriis winaSe azris gamoTqma da dumili amjobinon. maSasadame, did jgufebs axasiaTebs bevri is negatiuri mxare, rasac Cven ukve SevexeT saerTo saklaso muSao-bis ganxilvisas. amdenad, amgvari dajgufeba Sei-Zleba gamoviyenoT, Tu amas davaleba moiTxovs. umjobesia, klasSi gamoiyos bevri mcire, vidre 2-3 didi jgufi.

jgufebis Semadgenloba

jgufuri muSaobis dawyebamde aucileblad unda gadavwyvi-toT, Tu ra niSniT SevqmniT am jgufebs. es gadawyvetileba sxvadasxva princips SeiZleba daefuZnos:

• albaTmegobrobagaxdebaganmsazRvrelifaqtori,Tu jgufebis Seqmnas Tavad bavSvebs mivandobT. am vari-antis dadebiTi mxarea is, rom bavSvebi meti siamovnebiT imuSaveben TavianT mierve SerCeul partniorebTan; Tanac igrZnoben, rom sakuTar xelSi iReben iniciativas da pa-suxismgeblobas. meore mxriv, amgvarma dajgufebam SeiZleba areuloba da qaosi gamoiwvios klasSi, sanam bavSvebi part-niorebs eZeben; SeiZleba emociuri safrTxe SeeqmnaT nakleb popularul bavSvebs, visTanac cota Tu moindomebs jgufis Seqmnas. megobrebis saerTo interesebi met safrTxes qmnis, rom moswavleebi gadaerTon davalebis Sesrulebidan sxva

ix. gv. 39

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sakiTxebis ganxilvaze. Tanac, megobrobis niSniT Seqmnili jgufebi stabiluria da SeiZleba bavSvebs mTeli wlis man-Zilze ar mieceT sxva moswavleebTan muSaobis saSualeba;

• codnisdoneumniSvnelovanesifaqtoria,romelicjgufebis Seqmnisas uTuod unda gaviTvaliswinoT. zogjer sasurvelia Sereuli donis jgufebis Seqmna, radgan ufro Zlieri moswavleebi daxmarebas uweven, uxsnian ufro sus-tebs da am procesSi Tavadac ukeT gaiazreben dasmul prob-lemas. aseT SemTxvevaSi eqspertebi gvirCeven, davajgufoT Zlieri moswavleebi saSualo donis bavSvebTan da saSualo moswavleebi - sustebTan. ase Tavidan avicilebT moswav-leTa Soris mkveTr gansxvavebebs, rac SeiZleba bavSvebis gaRizianebis da daZabulobis mizezi gaxdes.

Tu Cven gvaqvs saSualeba, gansxvavebuli davalebebi SevTavazoT calkeul jgufebs, maSin mizanSewonilia erTi da imave donis moswavleebi davajgufoT da mivceT Sesabamisi sirTulis davaleba. es saSualebas aZlevs maswavlebels, meti dro dauTmos ufro sust jgufebs da individualurad imuSaos maTTan. Tumca mudmivad sust da Zlier jgufebad dayofa ar aris sasurveli, radgan ikargeba jgufuri muSaobis mTavari upiratesoba _ Camouyalibos moswavleebs sxvadasxva donis da tipis ada-mianebTan TanamSromlobis unari;

• aqtivobis xarisxi SeiZleba gamoviyenoT moswav-leTa dajgufebis kriteriumad, roca ukve viciT, romeli maTgania gansakuTrebiT aqtiuri jgufur muSaobaSi da vin cdilobs, Tavidan aicilos iniciativa. am SemTxvevaSi maswav-lebelma SeiZleba saWirod CaTvalos `wynari~ moswavleebis dajgufeba, sadac isini naklebad moaxerxeben vinmes zurgs amoefaron da sxvas miandon gadawyvetilebis miReba. aseve sasargebloa amgvari dajgufeba zedmetad aqtiuri moswav-leebisTvis, romlebic TavianTive tipis TanaklaselebTan urTierTobisas naklebad moaxerxeben dominirebas da, bune-brivia, mouwevT daTmobebze wasvla;

• SemTxveviTi dajgufeba gulisxmobs jgufebisSekvras yvela ganxiluli kriteriumis gauTvaliswineblad. xSir SemTxvevaSi maswavleblisTvis mosaxerxebelia daajgu-fos moswavleebi, romlebic erTad an erTmaneTTan axlos sxedan. amgvarad, Cven vzogavT dros da Tavidan vicilebT xmaurs da areulobas, rac uTuod Tan axlavs gakveTilze

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moswavleTa gadaadgilebas. Tumca, xSir SemTxvevaSi, moswav-leebi yvela gakveTilze erT adgilas sxedan da, amdenad, yovelTvis erTsa da imave jgufSi aRmoCndebian. ase ki jgu-furi muSaoba SeiZleba maTTvis male monotonuri da uin-tereso gaxdes.

SemTxveviTi dajgufebis yvelaze advili gzaa gaTvla. magaliTad, Tu Cven sul 30 moswavle gveswreba gakveTilze da gvinda 4-5 kaciani jgufebis Seqmna, bavSvebs rigis mixed-viT gaiTvlian cifrebs 1-dan 7-mde, an asoebs à~-dan `z~-mde. Semdeg gavcemT instruqcias, rom yvela 1 nomeri (an yvela à~) Seikribos klasis erT kuTxeSi, yvela 2 - meore adgilas da a. S. saerTo jamSi miviRebT 5 4-kacian da 2 5-kacian jgufs. Nnu SegvaSinebs, Tu pirvelad am proceduras sakmao xmauri mohyveba. maswavlebelic da moswavleebic Zalian male eCvevian mas da ramdenimejer gamoyenebis Sem-deg gadaadgilebis es procesi sakmaod swrafad da io-lad mimdinareobs.

b) moswavleTa damokidebuleba

ar unda gagvikvirdes, Tu moswavleebi didi aRfrTovanebiT ar Sexvdebian jgufuri muSaobis gamoyenebis pirvelive SemTxvevas. aq bevri problema SeiZleba wamoiWras. jer erTi, es maTTvis uCveulo formaa. maswavleblis mudmiv kontrols da Seswore-bebs SeCveulma bavSvma SeiZleba sariskod CaTvalos miTiTebe-bisa da waxalisebis gareSe muSaoba. Mmoswavleebs afrTxobT is, rom mcirdeba maswavleblis kontroli da, Sesabamisad, izrdeba maTi pasuxismgebloba.

jgufSi SeiZleba gamoikveTos erTi lideri, romelic Seecde-ba, srulad akontrolos muSaobis procesi. aman ki, mosalodne-lia, gaaRizianos danarCenebi. SeiZleba piriqiTac, aRmoCndnen bavSvebi, romlebic amjobineben, Tavi ar gadaitvirTon da mTeli samuSaos Sesruleba sxvebs miandon.

bevri moswavlisTvis jgufuri muSaoba imdenad axali formaa, rom maT igi arc miaCniaT `namdvil swavlad~ da ufro TamaSad, drois gayvanad Tvlian.

yvela am mizezis gamo, ar unda gagvikvirdes, Tu moswavleebi eWvis TvaliT uyureben jgufur muSaobas. amitomac, sasurvelia, Tavidan dro ar davinanoT am modelis zogierTi mxaris ganx-ilvisTvis. magaliTad, SeiZleba gavakeTebinoT rame davaleba wyvilebSi, 3-4 kacian jgufebSi da Semdeg gamovkiTxoT, weri-lobiTanzepirad,ramoewonaTdara–ara.SeiZlebavTxovoT,

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me momwons/ar momwons damoukideblad muSaoba imitom, rom ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------me momwons/ar momwons wyvilebSi muSaoba imitom, rom ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------me momwons/ar momwons jgufebSi muSaoba imitom, rom------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Semdeg SeiZleba klasSi ganvixiloT maTi pasuxebi da Seva-daroT isini erTmaneTs. es informacia maswavlebels Zalian daexmareba momavali muSaobis dagegmvaSi, daanaxebs mas, ramdenad saWiroa jgufuri da wyviluri muSaobis gamoyeneba klasSi da ra aspeqtebze unda gaamaxvilos man yuradReba.

xSirad Zalian sasargebloa, winaswar ganvumartoT moswav-leebs, ra mizans isaxavs jgufuri muSaoba, ris miRwevas SeZleben isini am konkretuli davalebis SesrulebiT da ra kavSirSia es davaleba saswavlo programasTan. amasTan, sasurvelia, maswavle-beli da klasi winaswar SeTanxmdes im wesebze, romlebic unda daicvan muSaobis procesSi. bavSvebma jgufuri muSaobis dawye-bamde unda icodnen:

• rogor unda mouxmon maswavlebels, Tu daxmarebadasWirdebaT;

• radroeZlevaTdavalebisSesasruleblad;• raevalebaTiToeulmaTgans,radganzogSemTx-

vevaSi moswavleTa rolebi muSaobisas SeiZleba gansxvave-buli iyos. mag. erTi iwerdes msjelobis Sedegebs, vinme akvirdebodes danarCeni moswavleebis aqtivobas, sxvadasxva moswavle flobdes sxvadasxva informacias, an warmoadgen-des sxvadasxva pozicias debatebis dros da a.S;

• xmaurisradoneadasaSvebi;• jgufurimuSaobisraproduqtiundawarmoadginon

damTavrebis Semdeg da rogor gvaniSnon dasruleba. daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom rac ufro nacnobi

xdeba jgufuri muSaobis forma bavSvebisaTvis, miT ufro na-klebi problemebi eqmnebaT maT da ufro axerxeben misi upi-

daasrulon Semdegi winadadebebi:

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ratesobebiT isargeblon. amisaTvis SeiZleba sasargeblo iyos Tavidan Zalian mokle da martivi jgufuri davale-bebis Sesruleba, romelTa warmatebac daarwmunebs moswav-leebs, rom maT aqvT unari, Tavi gaarTvan moTxovnebs.

g) davalebis tipi

faqtobrivad, mcire modifikaciis Semdeg, nebismieri davaleba SeiZleba moergos jgufuri muSaobis principebs. gansakuTrebiT sasurvelia saklaso organizaciis am modelis gamoyeneba, Tu davaleba sakmaod rTuli gveCveneba damoukideblad muSaobisT-vis. mTavaria, SevimuSaoT davaleba, romelic moiTxovs konsen-susis, anu SeTanxmebis miRwevas. amasTan, unda gvaxsovdes, rom organizebisa da dagegmvis TvalsazrisiT, wyvilebSi muSaoba yvelaze iolia maswavleblisTvis. igi advilad SeiZleba gamov-iyenoT Tundac dawyebiTi klasebis moswavleebTan, an bavSvebTan, romelTac pirvelad uxdebaT jgufurad muSaoba.

situacia 1.

aqtivobis xangrZlivoba: 10-15 wuTi .

aqtivobis mizani: axsnili masalis gagebis Semowmeba inglisuri enis gakveTilze maswavlebelma axsna axali gra-

matikuli dro, davuSvaT, namyo ganusazRvreli (Past Simple), da unda Seamowmos, ramdenad gaiges bavSvebma gansxvaveba am drosa da awmyo ganusazRvrels (Present Simple) Soris. amisTvis aZlevs maT tipur savarjiSos, sadac winadadebebSi gamotovebuli adgilebi unda Seivsos zmnis Sesabamisi formiT. damoukide-blad Sesrulebis nacvlad, rogorc es umravles SemTxvevaSi xdeba, savarjiSo SeiZleba Sesruldes wyvilebSi, sadac is mos-wavle, romelmac sakmaod kargad gaigo masala, SeZlebs, daexma-ros gverdiT mjdoms, an masTan kamaTSi ufro kargad gaiazros, ratom aris saWiro zmnis ama Tu im formis gamoyeneba.

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situacia 2.

aqtivobis xangrZlivoba: 20-25 wuTi. aqtivobis mizani: nawarmoebis ideis kritikuli gaazreba da msgavsi

problematikis mqone nawarmoebebs Soris paralelebis Zieba.

qarTuli literaturis gakveTilze a. wereTlis leqsis,

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`ganTiadis~ prezentaciisa da ganxilvis Semdeg maswavlebeli svams 2 SekiTxvas: Cven ukve Seswavlili gvaqvs baraTaSvilis poema `bedi qarTlisa~. ra saerTo problematika gaaCnia am or nawarmoebs? ra kavSiria am or nawarmoebsa da ilia WavWavaZis `dakargul edems~ Soris? am SekiTxvebis pasuxi, rasakvirvelia, saerTo saklaso ganxilvis drosac SiZleba moviTxovoT, magram, umjobesia, Tu manamde wyvilebs mivcemT msjelobisa da mofiqre-bisaTvis 10-15 wuTs. Semdeg wyvilebidan TiTo bavSvi gaakeTebs maTi saerTo daskvnebisa da argumentebis prezentacias mTeli klasis winaSe, rasac uTuod mohyveba saerTo saklaso disku-sia (wyvilebidan romelime bavSvis pasiurobis Tavidan acileba SeiZleba, Tu prezentators Tavad bavSvebi ki ara, maswavlebeli daasaxelebs. roca bavSvebma winaswar ar ician, vis mouwevs kla-sis winaSe prezentacia, orive Tanabrad emzadeba pasuxisTvis).

situacia 3.

aqtivobis xangrZlivoba: 30 wuTi. aqtivobis mizani: ganvlili masalis Sejameba; miRebuli informaci-

is analizis da Sefasebis unaris ganviTareba; mosmenis, diskusiisa da sxvaTa darwmunebis unar-Cvevebis Camoyalibeba.

bunebismcodneobis IV klasis saxelmZRvaneloSi `mogzauro-ba saqarTveloSi~ cal-calkea ganxiluli aRmosavleT kavkasio-nis xuTi kuTxe - xevi, mTiuleTi, fSavi, xevsureTi da TuSeTi. am masalis dasrulebis Semdeg, Sejamebis da moswavleTa codnis Semowmebis mizniT, maswavlebelma SeiZleba dagegmos Semdegi davaleba: dayos klasi 5-kacian jgufebad da jgufis TiToeul wevrs gaunawilos TiTo kuTxe. TiToeul jgufs aqvs aRmosav-leT kavkasionis TiTo ruka da davalebis baraTi, sadac aRniS-nulia, rom saqarTveloSi Camosulia ucxoel turistTa jgufi, romelsac ainteresebs am mxaris naxva, magram sul 4 dRe aqvT da yvelafers, rasakvirvelia, ver moaswreben. maT gansakuTrebiT ainteresebT lamazi buneba da istoriuli Zeglebi (an adgilo-brivi tradiciebi da kostiumebi, soflis meurneoba, suvenirebis SeZena da a.S. maswavlebeli winaswar SesarCevs, Tu raze surs moswavleebis yuradRebis gamaxvileba). yvela jgufs evaleba, SearCios turistebisTvis saukeTeso marSruti da aRniSnos is dReebis mixedviT rukaze. jgufuri muSaobis dawyebamde, sasur-velia, bavSvebs mivceT ramdenime wuTi, rom Tvali gadaavlon (an gaixsenon) informacia im kuTxis Sesaxeb, romelic jgufSi unda warmoadginon da amokribon saWiro detalebi. 15-20 wuTiani

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ganxilvis Semdeg yvela jgufi warmoadgens Tavis rukas da gaa-keTebs prezentacias klasis winaSe. SeiZleba SeirCes saukeTeso, yvelaze mravlismomcveli marSruti, romelic yvelaze metad akmayofilebs turistTa moTxovnebs.

situacia 4.

aqtivobis xangrZlivoba: 30-35 wuTi. aqtivobis mizani: samkuTxedis Sida kuTxeebis jamis Sesaxeb masa-

lis prezentacia; kritikuli azrovnebis, msjelobisa da dasabuTebis unaris ganviTareba.

VII klasis maTematikis gakveTilze klasi muSaobs samkuTxe-

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dis Tvisebebis gamokvlevaze. bavSvebi maswavlebelTan erTad ixseneben Seswavlil masalas kuTxeebis Sesaxeb, maT gansaz-Rvrebas, Tvisebebs, kuTxeTa jams da a.S. Semdeg maswavlebeli yofs klass 3-5 kacian jgufebad klasis zomis mixedviT. jgufTa saerTo raodenobis naxevars (mag. 3 an 4 jgufs) daevaleba sxva-dasxva saxeobis samkuTxedis modelebis gamoyenebiT (mag. erT-maneTze midgmiT) gamoTqvas da daasabuTos Tavisi varaudi sam-kuTxedis Sida kuTxeebis jamis Sesaxeb. jgufebis meore nawils eZleva davaleba, gamoiyenos transportiri sxvadasxva saxeobis samkuTxedebis gasazomad da amis safuZvelze gamoTqvas varaudi samkuTxedis Sida kuTxeebis jamis Sesaxeb (Tu bevri jgufia, SeiZleba sxvadasxva jgufs gamosakvlevad sxvadasxva saxeobis samkuTxedi mivceT). bolos yvela jgufi waradgens Tavis va-rauds klasis winaSe da grZeldeba saerTo saklaso muSaoba.

ra Tqma unda, aq SeuZlebelia yvela aqtivobis aRwera, sadac jgufuri muSaobis modeli SeiZleba gamoviyenoT, magram CamoT-vlili magaliTebic adasturebs, rom saklaso organizaciis es modeli mosaxerxebelia sxvadasxva asakisa da donis bavSvebTan muSaobisas, praqtikulad yvela saganSi da saswavlo procesis yvela etapze, rogorc axali masalis prezentaciis (IV mag.), axs-nilis gagebis Semowmebisa da ganmtkicebis (I mag.), aseve ganvli-lis Sejamebisas (II an III magaliTi).


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ZiriTadi daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi :

• jgufuri muSaobisas moswavleebi SeiZleba day-oT wyvilebad, triadebad, 4-5 kacian mcire jgufebad, an ufro did jgufebad. jgufis zoma damokidebulia davalebis xasiaTsa da bavSvebis codnis doneze. jgu-fur muSaobas SeuCvevel moswavleebTan umjobesia am modelis gamoyeneba wyvilebiT da triadebiT daiwyoT;

• dajgufebis kriteriumad SeiZleba gamoyenebuliqnas moswavlis codnis done, misi aqtivobis xarisxi, moswavleTa Soris megobroba (Tumca es kriteriumi umjobesia iSviaTad gamoviyenoT), an SemTxveviTi prin-cipi. aq maswavlebelma winaswar unda gaiTvaliswinos am formis yvela upiratesoba da uaryofiTi mxare;

• jgufurimuSaobismimarTmoswavleTadamokide-buleba SeiZleba gaaumjobesoT miznebis ganmartebis, maTTan konsultaciis da maTi azris gaTvliswinebis gziT;

• jgufurimuSaobisTvisSeiZlebagamoyenebuliq-nas sxvadasxva tipis savarjiSo yvela saganSi, nebis-mier doneze da saswavlo procesis sxvadasxva etapze (prezentaciis, varjiSis Tu Sejamebis etapze). mTavaria, gansazRvroT davaleba, romelic emsaxureba gakveTilis miznis miRwevas.

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jgufuri muSaobis marTva

gaecaniT qvemoT dasmul SekiTxvebs da dafiqrdiT pasuxebze:

1. rogor unda movamzadoT klasi da saklaso oTaxi jgu-furi muSaobisTvis?

2. ra funqciebs asrulebs maswavlebeli jgufuri muSaobis procesSi?

3. jgufuri muSaobisas rogor SeiZleba vakontroloT xmau-ris done klasSi?

4. rodis wydeba jgufuri muSaoba?

5. ra xdeba jgufuri muSaobis daskvniT etapze?


rogor unda movamzadoT klasi jgufuri muSaobisT-vis;

rogoria maswavleblis roli jgufuri muSaobis pro-cesSi;

rogor unda moiqceT, roca jgufebs problemebi eqmne-baT;

rogor unda warvmarToT jgufuri muSaoba daskvniT etapze.

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*****

maswavlebelTa did nawils gansakuTrebiT aRelvebs is, rom jgufuri muSaobisas uSualod ver akontroleben TiToeuli moswavlis saqmianobas. roca klasSi erTdroulad 3 an meti jgufi muSaobs, SeuZlebelia, maswavlebelma yvelas erTdrou-lad mousminos, aRricxos yvela Secdoma, daexmaros yvela mos-wavles da Tavidan aicilos yvela problema. amitomac ar aris gasakviri, rom Cveuli funqciis gareSe darCenil maswavlebels zogjer uZlurebis da dabneulobis SegrZneba gauCndes. Cndeba SekiTxvebi:

• rogorgavigoT,romyvelamoswavlemicis,raundagaakeTos da swori mimarTuleba airCia?

• raundagavakeToT,rommoswavleebmaarasaswavlomiznebisTvis, TavianT pirad saqmeebze saubarSi ar daxarjon micemuli dro?

• rogor gavanawiloT yuradReba sxvadasxva jgufsSoris?

• raundagavakeToTzedmetixmaurisSemTxvevaSi?yvela es problema dgas maswavleblis winaSe, roca kla-

si jgufur muSaobaze gadadis da aucilebelia, minimumamde daviyvanoT isini. amisTvis saWiroa, sworad movamzadoT da warvmarToT procesi da, amasTan, sworad gaviazroT Cveni, rogorc maswavleblis roli jgufuri muSaobisas.

mzadeba jgufuri muSaobisTvis

zogadad, jgufuri muSaobisTvis mzadebis procesad SeiZleba CaiTvalos nebismieri saklaso aqtivoba, romelic miznad isaxavs Camouyalibos moswavleebs Semdegi unarebi:

• logikuriSekiTxvebisdasma;• erTmaneTisaqtiuradmosmena;• sxvaTamosazrebebisgaziareba;• azrisgamarTuladdalogikuradCamoyalibeba;• daxmarebisanganmartebisTxovna;• ideebisdamosazrebebisaxsnadaSefaseba;• saubrisZiriTadiarsisSejameba.

yvela es unari aucilebelia jgufuri muSaobis warmatebiT warmarTvisTvis.

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konkretuli jgufuri davalebis mzadebis procesSi aucile-belia, yvela ganmarteba konkretulad, rac SeiZleba martivi eniT mivceT moswavleebs, sanam maT jgufebad davyofdeT. sasur-velia, aseve mcire repeticia an magaliTis demonstrireba mTeli klasisaTvis. Tumca, Tu moswavleebi ukve SeCveulni arian am tipis muSaobas, davalebis micemis procesi martivdeba.

muSaobis dawyebamde moswavleebma unda icodnen, ra dro-Si unda Seasrulon davaleba. maswavlebels ki mofiqrebuli unda hqondes damatebiTi samuSao maTTvis, vinc sxvebze adre daamTavrebs.

kidev erTi aucilebeli proceduraa moswavleTa gaadgileba jgufuri muSaobis dawyebamde. SeuZlebelia moswavleebma disku-sia gamarTon TanaklaselebTan, romlebic maTTan zurgSeqceviT an sxva rigSi sxedan. isini erTad unda isxdnen. es procesi xSirad gansakuTrebiT mtkivneulad aRiqmeba, radgan mas Tan sdevs garkveuli moZraoba da, maSasadame, xmauric. sabednierod, xmauris done klebulobs, rac ufro nacnobi xdeba es procedura moswavleebisTvis. moZraoba ki datvirTuli gonebrivi samuSaos Semdeg maTTvis gantvirTvis saSualeba da axal davalebaze gadasvlis signalia. ar iqneboda gamarTlebuli imis mtkiceba, rom mcire da did jgufebSi muSaoba mxolod Tanamedroved aRWurvil saklaso oTaxSia SesaZlebeli. Cveulebrivma merxma Tavisuflad SeiZleba daitios moswavleTa mTeli jgufi, Tu mas skamebs yvela mxridan davudgamT.

jgufuri muSaobis procesi

roca jgufebi muSaobas iwyeben, maswavleblis roli icvleba. axla igi damkvirvebelia, romelic didi yuradRebiT adevnebs Tvalyurs yvelafers, rac klasSi xdeba. igi merxebs Soris moZ-raobs, akvirdeba jgufebs, aRricxavs dadebiT da uaryofiT mo-mentebs maT muSaobaSi. am dros Canawerebis gakeTeba am infor-maciis mogvianebiT gamoyenebis SesaZleblobas iZleva (saerTo Secdomebis ganxilvis, axali gakveTilebis dagegmvis an mos-wavleTaTvis individualuri rCevebis micemisaTvis). amasTanave, didi sifrTxilea saWiro, rom moswavleebis yuradReba mTeli am xnis ganmavlobaSi davalebaze iyos koncentrirebuli, da ara maswavlebelsa da mis Canawerebze.

amdenad, maswavlebeli cdilobs, ar Caerios jgufuri muSao-bis procesSi, Tu amis gansakuTrebuli saWiroeba ar arsebobs. aseTi saWiroeba ki sakmaod xSirad Cndeba da, Sesabamisad, maswav-lebeli sxvadasxva funqcias iRebs sakuTar Tavze:

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• Tu moswavleebma araswori mimarTulebiT war-marTes muSaoba da naTeli xdeba, rom isini ver mivlen swor Sedegamde, maswavlebeli maT xelaxla aZlevs instruqciebs, ukonkretebs davalebas, an aZlevs rCevas;

• TumoswavleebsdavalebisSesasrulebladsWirdebaTrame saxis faqtobrivi informacia (mag. ver gaixsenes konk-retuli sityva an fraza ucxo enis gakveTilze, formula - qimiis gakveTilze, TariRi - istoriis gakveTilze), maswav-lebels aqvs arCevani an Tavad Seasrulos leqsikonis, en-ciklopediis Tu saxelmZRvanelos funqcia, an mianiSnos maT, sad SeiZleba am informaciis moZebna;

• TusaWiroaromelimejgufiswaxalisebadagaaqti-ureba, maswavlebels SeuZlia, CaerTos mis muSaobaSi, rogorc erT-erTi wevri. es gansakuTrebul taqts moiTxovs, radgan maswavleblis mimarT moswavleTa pativiscema mis azrs gan-sakuTrebul wonas sZens da Tanabari diskusiis gamarTva sakmaod Zneli xdeba. Tu am safrTxis Tavidan acileba mox-erxda, moswavleebic da maswavlebelic gansakuTrebul sia-movnebas iReben amgvari TanamSromlobisgan;

• TuromelimejgufsgansakuTrebiTuWirs,anviciT,rom igi SedarebiT susti moswavleebisagnaa dakompleqte-buli, SeiZleba maswavlebelma maT meti dro dauTmos da individualurad imuSaos maTTan. miuxedavad amisa, romelime jgufis ugulebelyofa ar aris gamarTlebuli.

roca maswavlebeli rwmundeba, rom yvela jgufi CarTulia davalebis SesrulebaSi, mas SeuZlia droebiT ufro pasiuri roli airCios. igi ikavebs adgils, saidanac TviTon mTel klass xedavs, magram Tavad ar aris moswavleTa yuradRebis centrSi.

am etapze sakmaod seriozul problemas warmoadgens xmau-ris done klasSi. misi kontrolirebisTvis aucilebelia, mos-wavleebi jgufSi isxdnen erTmaneTis pirispir da erTmaneTTan axlos; maswavlebels SeuZlia akrZalos adgilidan wamodgoma da sxva jgufebTan gadalaparakeba; winaswar unda SevaTanxmoT maTTan rame niSani, riTic isini SekiTxvis an daxmarebisTvis mogvixmoben; SeiZleba jgufis erT-erT wevrs davavaloT misive TanajgufelTa xmauris kontroli. Tu romelime jgufi gansa-kuTrebiT xmamaRla saubrobs, maswavleblis miaxloeba da Cur-CuliT dasmuli SekiTxva an rame komentari xSirad sakmarisia imisTvis, rom moswavleebmac xmas dauwion.

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jgufuri muSaobis daskvniTi etapi

jgufuri muSaoba wydeba winaswar daTqmul dros an maSin, roca jgufebis umravlesobas mzad aqvs saboloo Sedegi. zoga-dad, umjobesia SevaCeroT moswavleebi maSin, roca isini (nawili mainc) jer kidev siamovnebiT asruleben am davalebas. Tu Cven davelodebiT, sanam bolo jgufic daasrulebs muSaobas, es niS-navs, rom klasis danarCeni nawili am dros araefeqtianad iyen-ebs. amitom, rogorc ki SevniSnavT, rom moswavleTa umravlesoba (daaxloebiT 60%) mzadaa muSaobis Sedegebis warmosadgenad, an davalebisadmi interesma iklo, SegviZlia gamovacxadoT: `bavS-vebo, 3 wuTi (es dro SegiZliaT gansazRvroT saWiroebis mixed-viT) dagrCaT davalebis Sesasruleblad. zustad 3 wuTSi yvela jgufi warmoadgens Tavis namuSevars.”

davalebis dasrulebis Semdeg uTuod unda iyos dro gamoyo-fili Sedegebis SejamebisTvis. umetes SemTxvevaSi es saerTo saklaso muSaobis formiT xdeba. Sedegebis Sejameba sxvadasxva formas iRebs Tavad davalebis miznebidan gamomdinare. es Sei-Zleba iyos swori pasuxi SekiTxvaze, an savaraudo variantebis dajgufeba dafaze, zepiri prezentaciebi an momzadebuli Tval-saCinoebebis (posterebis, rukebis, naxazebis) gamofena kedlebze. am etapze maswavleblis mTavari mizania, Tavisi yuradRebiT, Se-qebiT, namuSevris dadebiT mxareebze yuradRebis gamaxvilebiT aCvenos, rom afasebs moswavleebis mier gaweul seriozul Sro-mas da mondomebas. kritikuli SeniSvnebis ZiriTadi nawili ki maswavleblis momaval samuSao gegmaSi unda iyos gaTval-iswinebuli.


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• jgufurimuSaobisdawyebamdemieciTmoswavleebsna-Teli instruqciebi da davalebis Sesrulebis modeli; wi-naswar gansazRvreT da SeatyobineT, rogor apirebT maTi namuSevris Sefasebas;

• aucilebelia, sworad warvmarToT moswavleTa da-jgufebis, gadaadgilebis procesi da ar moveridoT Tanmx-leb sirTuleebs;

• jgufebis muSaobis dros maswavlebeli SeiZlebamogvevlinos damkvirvebelad, informaciis wyarod, rigiT monawiled an konsultantad. yvela am rolis kombinireba da monacvleoba uzrunvelyofs davalebis warmatebas;

• jgufurimuSaobawydebamaSin,rocajgufebisumrav-

lesoba mzadaa Sedegis warmosadgenad. dagvianebuli jgufe-bis gamo ar unda dazaraldnen ufro swrafi da aqtiuri monawileebi;

• muSaobis dasasruls mieciT moswavleebs dro Sede-gebis prezentaciisa da ganxilvisTvis. am dros maswavle-blis mTavari mizania moswavleTa mier miRebul SedegebSi dadebiTi mxareebis wina planze wamoweva da iniciativis waxaliseba.

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qcevis wesebi

gaecaniT qvemoT dasmul SekiTxvebs da dafiqrdiT pasuxe-bze:

1. maswavlebeli moswavleebs mimarTavs Semdegi monologiT: `bavSvebo, me minda gagacnoT klasSi qcevis wesebi, romlebic

mTeli wlis manZilze unda daicvaT. pirveli, araviTari dagvi-aneba; meore, klasSi akrZalulia sirbili, xmauri da Cxubi; da me-same, gakveTilze me ver avitan uwesrigo da moumzadebel moswav-les. imedia, TqvenTvis am wesebis gameoreba aRar damWirdeba da maSin Cven uproblemod vimuSavebT mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi.”

rogor SeafasebdiT am mimarTvas? ramdenad efeqtiani iqneba qcevis wesebis am formiT miwodeba moswavleTaTvis? ratom?

2. ra gziT SeiZleba klasSi SevqmnaT garemo, sadac wesrigis darRveva iSviaTi movlena iqneba?

3. ra xerxebs iyenebT moswavleebis mier disciplinis dar-Rvevis SemTxvevaSi?


ras niSnavs klasSi qcevis wesebi da procedurebi;

rogor unda moviqceT wesebis SemuSavebisas;

rogor unda aviciloT Tavidan wesrigis darRveva;

ra zomebs unda mivmarToT wesebis darRvevis SemTx-vevaSi.

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*****

maswavlebelTa didi nawili axal klasTan Sexvedras mos-wavleebis gacnobasTan erTad erToblivi muSaobis ZiriTad wesebze saubriT iwyebs. es bunebrivicaa. maswavlebeli pirveli dRidanve zrunavs imaze, rom Seqmnas efeqtiani saswavlo garemo, anu garemo, sadac moswavles yvela piroba aqvs, rom iswavlos da dasaxul saswavlo miznebs miaRwios. es ki SeiZleba ganxorcieldes mxolod sworad organizebul garemoSi, romel-Sic muSaobis wesebi da principebi yvelasTvis kargadaa cno-bili da amitomac maT dacvaze, yoveldRiuri saWiroebebisa da detalebis mogvarebaze minimaluri dro ixarjeba. mxolod maSin SeiZleba moswavleTa mTeli dro da energia uSualod swavlisaken mivmarToT, roca gakveTils aqvs naTeli struqtura, roca moswavleebma zustad ician, ra etapze ras elis maTgan maswavlebeli,rodisraqmedebaamisaRebidara–miuRebeli.efeqtiani saswavlo garemos Seqmnis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi winapiroba qcevis wesebis SemuSaveba da maTi Tanmimdevrulad gatarebaa.

wesebze saubrisas gamoyofen or jgufs:

a) zogadi wesebi, anu sakmaod mravlismomcveli for-mulireba imisa, Tu ragvar saqciels moelis maswavlebeli moswavleebisgan (mag. `yuradRebiT viyoT gakveTilze da SevasruloT yvela davaleba~);

b) konkretuli procedurebi, anu ufro detaluri gan-marteba imisa, Tu rogor ganvaxorcieloT esa Tu is qmede-ba.

wesebi

qcevis wesebis SemuSaveba arc ise martivia, rogorc es erTi SexedviT SeiZleba mogveCvenos. Mupirveles yovlisa, unda gaviT-valiswinoT, rom am wesebma unda areguliros moswavleTa moq-medebebi garkveuli drois ganmavlobaSi. amitom logikuria, rom maT SemuSavebaSi mniSvnelovani roli swored moswavleebma Sea-srulon. qcevis wesebi yvelaze Sedegiania maSin, roca isini mas-wavlebelsa da moswavleebs Soris TanamSromlobis produqtia. am SemTxvevaSi moswavleebs uCndebaT pasuxismgeblobis SegrZneba. wesebis SemuSavebis procesis sworad warmarTvisTvis aucilebe-lia gvaxsovdes, rom:

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1. sasurvelia, wesebis raodenoba ar aRematebodes 4-6-s. amaze meti ukve Znelad dasamaxsovrebelia moswavlee-bisTvis da Znelad gasatarebeli maswavleblisaTvis. sasur-velia, moveridoT saerTo saskolo wesebis, an moswavleTa qcevis kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnebis gameorebas, radgan maTi dacva TavisTavad moeTxoveba yvela moswav-les;

2. wesebi uTuod unda Camoyalibdes pozitiuri for-miT, anu moverdoT sityvebs `nu~, àr~, àkrZalulia~. Aaseve, sasurvelia, wesi maswavlebelzec vrceldebodes. magali-Tad, nacvlad wesisa `nu iCxubebT~, formulireba aseTi unda iyos: `konfliqtebi mSvidobianad movagvaroT~;

3. wesebi naTlad da konkretulad unda iyos formuli-rebuli. magaliTad, frazebi, rogoricaa `kargi saqcieli~, ùwesrigo~, `xSiri darRveva~ SeiZleba damabneveli aRmoC-ndes, radgan, SesaZloa, moswavleebma maT sxvadasxva inter-pretacia miscen. Tumca, SesaZlebelia, konkretul wesebs da-vamatoT erTi sakmaod zogadic, romelic moicavs yvela im aspeqts, romlebic danarCeni wesebis miRma darCa. magaliTad, `pativi vceT rogorc sakuTar Tavs, aseve sxvebs~;

4. rogoric ar unda iyos wesi, konkretuli Tu zog-adi, mas aucileblad sWirdeba ganmarteba da seriozuli ganxilva, rom moswavleebma SeZlon misi gaTaviseba. maT aucileblad zustad unda esmodeT, ras gulisxmobs es wesi da ra Sedegebi SeiZleba mohyves mis darRvevas. swavlis daw-yebidan pirveli 2-3 kviris manZilze wesebis ganxilvas xSir-ad unda davubrundeT, magaliTad, movawyoT diskusia. rac ar unda gasagebad avxsnaT wesi Tavidan, mainc araerTxel mogviwevs masTan dabruneba da moswavleebisTvis Sexseneba. yovelive es sakmaod did dros moiTxovs, magram, udavoa, rom daxarjuli dro mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi disciplinis mravali darRvevis Tavidan acilebiT anazRaurdeba;

5. moswavleebi ar daemorCilebian wess, Tu mas umniS-vnelod miiCneven. maT unda icodnen, rom es wesi arsebobs aramxolod imitom, rom maswavlebelma ase moisurva. davus-abuToT moswavleebs, rom klasSi qcevis wesebi emsaxure-ba maTive miznebis miRwevas. es miznebi ki SeiZleba iyos

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rogorc saswavlo (magaliTad, masalis an konkretuli unar-Cvevis daufleba), aseve socialuri xasiaTisa (magaliaTad, TanaklaselTa pativiscema). wesis dacva gacilebiT ufro advilad SeiZleba uzrunvelvyoT, Tu wesi Tavad moswavlee-bis monawileobiTaa SemuSavebuli;

6. wesebi unda gamovakraT TvalsaCino adgilas, raTa moswavleebs es CamonaTvali mudam Tvalwin hqondeT da, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, xelis ubralo moZraobiT SegveZ-los maTze miniSneba.

procedurebi

procedura SeiZleba ganvsazRvroT, rogorc araformaluri wesi, romelic imas gulisxmobs, Tu konkretulad ra da rogor unda gakeTdes. swored procedurebis erToblioba ayalibebs gakveTilis struqturas. dadgenili procedurebis ganxor-cieleba sistematuri, rutinuli, yoveldRiuri unda gaxdes, anu moswavle maT unda asrulebdes Cvevis doneze, meqnikurad, TiTqmis gauazreblad. magaliTad, Tu gvinda praqtikulad ganx-orcieldes wesi `zaris darekvisas yvela da yvelaferi mzad unda iyos gakveTilisTvis~, moswavleebma unda icodnen, ra nivTe-bi dasWirdebaT (mag. fanqari, fargali), SevaCvioT isini, rom sak-laso oTaxSi SemosvlisTanave merxze daalagon yvela es nivTi, vaswavloT, sad unda iyos CanTa gakveTilis ganmavlobaSi da a.S. maSasadame, rutina aris xSiri gameorebiT daswavlili qmedeba, an moswavlis reaqcia maswavleblis miniSnebaze. gamocdil mas-wavleblebs SemuSavebuli aqvT amgvari rutina yvela standart-uli situaciisTvis (magaliTad, gakveTilis dawyeba, damTavreba, davalebis rveulebis akreba, gareT gasvlis Txovna) da swav-lis dawyebidan pirvel or kviras mainc did dros uTmoben am procedurebis yvela moswavlisaTvis swavlebas, sanam es codna meqanikur CvevaSi ar gadava. sawinaaRmdego SemTxvevaSi, erTsa da imave saorganizacio sakiTxze saubari da SeniSvnebis micema maT mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi uxdebaT, rasac gacilebiT meti dro miaqvs.

rac ufro maRal klasSi arian moswavleebi, miT nakleb dros uTmoben maswavleblebi procedurebze muSaobas, radgan iTv-leba, rom maTi ZiriTadi nawili moswavleebisTvis ukve dawye-biTi klasebidanaa cnobili. Tumca arc erT etapze ar SeiZleba maTi sruli ugulvebelyofa, miTumetes, rom maRal klasebSi Cndeba sruliad axali procedurebis dauflebis aucilebloba

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(magaliTad, qimiis laboratoriaSi cdebis CatarebisTvis saWiro usafrTxoebis zomebi).

qcevis wesebisa da procedurebis dacva

rogorc qcevis wesebis SemuSavebisas, ise maTi dacvisTvis saWiro RonisZiebebis dagegmvisa da gatarebis dros gadamwyveti faqtoria, Tu ganviTarebis ra safexurze imyofebian moswavlee-bi. swored maTi asakobrivi maxasiaTeblebidan gamomdinare gad-awyvets maswavlebeli, ra formiT unda Camoyalibdes wesebi da ra strategiebi ufro Sedegiani iqneba maTi dacvisaTvis.

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• ar icnoben klas-

Si qcevis umartives

wesebs;

• uWirT yuradReb-

is xangrZlivi droiT

koncentracia;

• maswavleblis Se-

qeba da mowoneba maT-

Tvis uaRresad mniS-

vnelovania;

• skola, rogorc

ucxo garemo, iwvevs

mRelvarebas, gansa-

kuTrebiT maTTvis, visac

ar gauvlia sabavSvo

baRi;

• naTlad da mar-

tivad Camoyalibebuli

qcevis wesebi;

• qcevis wesebis

dacvisTvis xSiri wax-

aliseba;

• wesis darRvevi-

sas msubuqi, magram Tan-

mimdevruli zomebi;

• pirveli dReebi-

danve Tbili urTier-

Tobis damyareba Ti-

Toeul moswavlesTan

• maswavleblis mo-

woneba kvlav mniSvnelo-

vania, magram TanatolTa

azri ufrodaufro met

wonas iZens;

• yuradRebasaqceven

maswavleblis emociebis

yvela gamovlinebas (mag.

maswavleblis Rimils

an wuxils problemur

situaciebSi);

• TandaTan yalib-

deba sakuTari da

• moswavleebTan

akademiur Tu social-

ur sakiTxebze regu-

laruli komunikaciis

gzebis Zieba, mag. dRi-

urebis wera da a.S.;

• sityviTac da

saqmiTac damtkiceba,

rom moswavleTa aka-

demiuri winsvla da

keTildReoba CvenTvis

mniSvnelovania;

I - I I I

klasebi

IV -V I

klasebi

safexuri asakobrivi maxasiaTeblebi strategiebi

71

sxvaTa grZnobebisa da mo-

tivebis gaazrebis unari;

• xSiri akademiuri

an socialuri problemebis

SemTxvevaSi Cndeba skolis-

gan Tavis daRwevis mzardi

survili.

• waxaliseba imisa, rom

moswavleebma ifiqron erT-

maneTis grZnobebze, gansa-

kuTrebiT konfliqtis da

uTanxmoebis SemTxvevaSi;

• aramotivirebul prob-

lemur moswavleebTan axlo

urTierTobis SenarCuneba.

• maswavleblebTan nak-

leb Tbili urTierToba yal-

ibdeba;

• xSiria maswavleblis

motyuebis mcdeloba;

• Tanatolebis azri

da maT Soris popularoba

udides mniSvnelobas iZens;

• xSirdeba uxeSi qce-

vis da sxvaTa daSinebis mcde-

lobebi.

• moswavleebTan er-

Tad klasgareSe RonisZiebebSi

monawileoba;

• moswavleebi naklebad

cdiloben moatyuon maswavlebeli,

visganac pativiscemas da mxardaW-

eras grZnoben, magram yuradRebis

moduneba mainc dauSvebelia;

• TanabariyuradRebauxe-

Sobisa da agresiis yvela gamov-

linebis mimarT: aseTi qcevis

faruli mizezebis kvleva;

• xSiradswavlisnacv-

lad socialuri da roman-

tiuli urTierTobebi eqceva

yuradRebis centrSi;

• xSiriaTanaklaselTa

uaryofiTi damokidebuleba

im moswavleebis mimarT, rom-

lebic maswavleblis qebis

damsaxurebas cdiloben;

• qcevis normebis dar-

Rveva TanatolebSi popula-

robis moxveWis gzad miiCneva;

• Zaladobisdaagresi-

is tendencia Zlierdeba.

• RonisZiebebi da aq-

tivobebi, romlebic moswav-

leTa Soris urTierTobebis

gaumjobesebas emsaxureba

rogorc klasSi, ise klasis

gareT;

• moswavlis Seqeba pira-

di Sexvedrisas da ara mTeli

klasis winaSe;

• problemuri qcevis da

misi uaryofiTi Sedegebis

ganxilva moswavleebTan er-

Tad.

VII-IX

kl.

X-XII

kl.

72

• agresiis sawi-

naaRmdego winaswari

zomebi Zaladobis Tav-

idan asacileblad.

ra Tqma unda, aris tendenciebi, rac saerToa yvela safex-urisTvis. mkvlevarTa umravlesoba amtkicebs, rom kargi saqcielisTvis moswavlis Seqeba, waxaliseba gacilebiT ufro efeqtiani strategiaa disciplinis dacvisaTvis, vidre wesis darRvevis gamo misi dasja. amitom warmatebuli maswavleblebi prevencias (winaswari RonisZiebebi uaryofiTi qmedebis Tavidan asacileblad) da reaqcias Soris arCevans pirvelis sasarge-blod akeTeben. isini axerxeben, darRveva Tavidan aicilon, an misi pirveli simptomebis gamomJRavnebisTanave aRkveTon igi. seriozuli darRvevis Semdgomi reagireba arasodesaa ase efeq-turi.

prevencia

qcevis wesebis darReveva da disciplinis problemebi nakle-bad mosalodnelia klasSi, sadac saqmiani da urTierTpativis-cemaze dafuZnebuli atmosferoa Seqmnili. amgvari garemos Se-qmnisTvis ki unda gvaxsovdes, rom

• moswavle meti xalisiT emorCileba maswavlebels,romelic uyvars da romelsac pativs scems. amitom, vic-nobdeT moswavleebs, maT mdgomareobas da xasiaTs, vecadoT, vagrZnobinoT Cveni mzrunveloba. wesebs Tbili urTierTo-bis gareSe àjanyebamde~ mivyavarT;

• moswavlesarscaliawesebisdasarRvevad,rocaigisaqmiTaa dakavebuli. amitom detalurad davgegmoT gakveTi-li da SevecadoT, mTeli dro saintereso, mniSvnelovani davalebebiT SevavsoT;

• moswavlis qcevaze dadebiTad aisaxeba, roca manicis, rom maswavleblebi TanamSromloben mis mSoblebTan da ojaxis wevrebTan. anu yvela ufrosi, romelic mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs mis cxovrebaSi, erToblivi ZalebiT iRwvis

73

misive keTildReobisTvis; • maswavleblismagaliTsxSiradmetiZalaaqvs,vi-

dre aTeulobiT wess da mkacr moTxovnas. wess, romelsac maswavlebeli Tavad emorCileba, samarTlianad da aucile-blad miiCneven moswavleebic.

maswavlebels ar aviwydeba sayveduris Tqma, Tu gakveTilis ganmavlobaSi moswavlem erTxel mainc daarRvia romelime wesi. magaliTad, damoukidebeli muSaobisas gadaulaparaka gverdiT mjdom megobars. Ees, ra Tqma unda, saWiroa, magram aranakleb mniSvnelovania, igive moswavle SevaqoT, Tu man MSeZlo mTeli gakveTilis ganmavlobaSi arc erTxel ar gadaexvia winaswar dadgenili wesebisaTvis. `gamoviWiroT~ moswavle kargi qce-vis momentSi da ara marto wesrigis darRvevisas. Seqeba (xSir SemTxvevaSi) stimulia im moswavlisTvis, vinc igi daimsaxura, amasTan, danarCeni klasis yuradRebasac miapyrobs pozitiur magaliTs. moswavlis Seqebisas, sasurvelia, gaviTvaliswinoT ramdenime rCeva:

1. SevaqoT konkretuli qmedeba, konkretuli wesis kar-gad Sesruleba. zogadi frazebi (mag. kargia, yoCaR) male cvdeba da Tan moswavlisTvis SeiZleba bundovani darCes, risTvis daimsaxura es Seqeba. amitom, umjobesia, davakonkre-toT ras vgulisxmobT. mag. àna, Seni wignebi araCveulebri-vad sufTa da mowesrigebulia, yoCaR.~ ;

2. davajildooT mondomeba, mcdeloba da ara Sede-gi. Tu vxedavT moswavlis qcevaSi progress, Tundac igi mTlianad ver axerxebdes Cveni moTxovnebis dakmayofilebas, SevaqoT igi da vagrZnobinoT, rom misi mcdeloba mxedvelo-bidan ar gvrCeba;

3. mSobelTan darekvas, an werils maswavleblebi ZiriTadad seriozuli darRvevebis SemTxvevaSi mimarTaven. magram ratom ar unda SevatyobinoT mSoblebs moswavlis warmatebebi? bevri maswavleblis dakvirvebiT, es xerxi uaR-resad efeqturia moswavleebis motivaciis gasaZliereblad.

azrTa sxvadasxvaoba arsebobs imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu ram-denad gamarTlebulia moswavleTa waxalisebis mizniT rame saxis jildos daweseba. aseTi jildo SeiZleba iyos magali-Tad stikeri (Casawebebeli feradi suraTi), rame privilegia (mag. jgufis liderad daniSvna), moswavleebis sayvareli aqtivoba (mag. TamaSi) da a.S. rogorc zogi mkvlevari miiCnevs, aris sa-

74

frTxe, rom am waxalisebam erTgvari moqrTamvis saxe miiRos. am saSiSroebis Tavidan asacileblad, SeTanxmeba winaswar unda Sedges da araviTar SemTxvevaSi darRvevis Semdeg. yovlad gaumarTlebelia, moswavles, romelic nebarTvis gareSe dadis klasSi, mivmarToT:

`gio, Tu axlave daubrundebi Sens adgils, dRes Sen iqnebi gundis kapitani~. Ffaqtobrivad, moswavle jildovdeba cudi saqcielisTvis, xolo sxvebi, visac wesrigi ar daurRvevia, maswavleb-lis yuradRebis miRma rCebian. es aris stimuli moswavleebisaTvis momavalSic wesrigis darRve-vis gziT gamostyuon maswavlebels jildo.

waxalisebisa da kargi qcevis dajildoebis sakiTxebi ufro detalurad ganxilulia TavSi qcevis TviTmarTvis Sesaxeb.

reaqcia

rac unda warmatebiT gamoviyenoT prevenciis xerxebi, qce-vis wesebisa da procedurebis darRvevis SemTxvevebi klasSi mainc iqneba. maswavleblis profesionalizmzea damokidebuli, Tu ramdenad adreul etapze SeniSnavs igi disciplinis darRve-vis niSnebs da ramdenad swrafad da umtkivneulod moaxerxebs maT aRkveTas.

aris SemTxvevebi, roca darRvevis ignorireba gamarTlebu-lia. unda gvaxsovdes, rom maswavleblis reagirebis Sedegad mTeli klasis yuradReba problemur qcevaze gadadis. jer erTi, es abrkolebs gakveTilis normalur mimdinareobas da meorec, wesrigis damrRvevs SeiZleba sayovelTao yuradReba sasurvela-dac miaCndes. am mizezebis gamo, maswavlebelma SeiZleba Tvali aaridos darRvevas, Tu

• esgamonaklisiSemTxvevaa,angamowveuliauCveulogaremo pirobebiT (mag. saswavlo wlis bolo dRea, an mos-wavleebis pirad cxovrebaSi rame gansakuTrebuli xdeba);

• qcevabunebriviamoswavleTaganviTarebismocemulsafexurze (mag. dawyebiTi klasebis moswavleebis mousven-roba xangrZlivad erT adgilze jdomis Semdeg);

• darRvevaxelsaruSlissaswavloprocessdaar

ix. gv. 78

75

miipyrobs moswavleebis yuradRebas (mag. giam davalebis mi-cemis Semdeg amoiRo CanTidan fanqari, romelic wesis mixed-viT Tavidanve merxze unda yofiliyo).

maSinac ki, roca maswavlebeli Carevas saWirod CaTvlis, unda vecadoT, wesrigis damrRvevi, ramdenadac SesaZlebelia, SeumC-nevlad davubrunoT samuSaos. magaliTad, roca masalis axs-nisas SevniSnavT, rom erTi moswavle sxva ramiTaa dakavebuli, SeiZleba rame JestiT vaniSnoT Cveni ukmayofileba, an, ubralod, davdgeT masTan axlos. SeiZleba, aseve, bunebrivad CavurToT misi saxeli saubarSi, mag. àm ricxvebis jami, nino, rogorc Cven ukve viciT, tolia...~.

roca amgvari taqtiani mcdeloba uSedegoa, maswavlebli iZulebulia, sxva zomebs mimarTos. wlis dasawyisSi wesebis SemuSavebisTanave unda ganisazRvros, ra saxis darRvevas ra reagireba mohyveba. aucilebelia, rom moswavleTa umravlesoba yvela am zomas arasasiamovnod, magram samarTlianad da darRve-vis Sesaferisad miiCnevdes. xSir SemTxvevaSi CamonaTvali 3-dan 7-mde sxvadasxva RonisZiebas moicavs.

qvemoT moyvanilia erTi magaliTi imisa, Tu rogor SeiZle-ba dalagdes disciplinis darRvevisTvis gaTvaliswinebuli zomebi nakleb seriozulidan ufro seriozulamde:

1. sityvieri Sexseneba, rom ukve ganxiluli da SeTanxme-buli wesebidan erT-erTi irRveva;

2. Sesvenebis 5 wuTis dakargva (am droSi moswavle asru-lebs rame davalebas gakveTilze dakarguli drois asanaz-Raureblad);

3. Sesvenebis 10 wuTis dakargva (an gakveTilebis Semdeg 10 wuTiT datoveba);

4. gakveTilebis Semdeg 20 wuTiT datoveba;5. Sesvenebis mTeli drois dakargva da satelefono zari

mSoblebTan; 6. moswavlis gagzavna direqtorTan, an direqtoris moad-

gilesTan.

imisTvis, rom winaswar SemuSavebulma zomebma Sedegi gamoiRos, maswavlebeli uTuod bolomde Tanmimdevruli unda iyos. Tu dadgenili wesi dairRva, amas reagireba unda mohyves imisda miuxedavad, vin Caidina es, an ramdenad mniSvnelovani saqmiT viyaviT dakavebuli, roca es moxda. Tundac erTi gamonak-lisis daSveba uaRresad saxifaTo precendents qmnis. amitomac

76

eqspertebi gvirCeven, rom ar SemoviRoT wesi, Tu ara varT mzad igi yovelTvis, yvela pirobebSi davicvaT.

es simtkice da Tanmimdevruloba uTuod unda Seerwyas mo-swavlisadmi taqtian, mzrunvel damokidebulebas. upirveles yovlisa, unda gvaxsovdes, rom klasTan urTierTobaSi maswav-leblis mTavari iaraRi simSvidea. aRelvebul maswavlebels gauWirdeba, gamoiyenos mTeli Tavisi sibrZne, gamocdileba da socialuri unar-Cvevebi problemis gadaWrisTvis. amasTan, emo-cia gadamdebia. maswavleblis risxvam SeiZleba agresia gamoi-wvios moswavleebSi, an piriqiT, gaarTos isini (ZiriTadad ufro-si klasebis moswavleebis SemTxvevaSi). Aamitom, sasurvelia, gaviTvaliswinoT ramdenime rCeva:

• arc erT problemur situaciaSi ar unda gadavc-deT taqtis da Tavazianobis sazRvrebs. Tu SesaZlebelia, umjobesia seriozuli SeniSvna moswavles piradi saubrisas, da ara mTeli klasis winaSe, mivceT;

• yvelaSeniSvnaundaexebodeskonkretulsaqciels,moqmedebas da ara moswavlis pirovnebas. maSin igi naklebad Seuracxmyofelia da nakleb agresiasac iwvevs moswavlis mxridan;

• yvela SeniSvna unda iyos konkretuli da lako-nuri; moveridoT moswavlesTan debatebSi Sesvlas ama Tu im saqcielis Taobaze. darRvevis momentSi Cveni priorite-ti unda iyos normaluri saswavlo procesis rac SeiZleba swrafad aRdgena. saqcielis detaluri ganxilvisTvis sxva, ufro Sesaferisi dro SeiZleba SevarCioT, roca orive mx-are SeZlebs dawynarebulad msjelobas;

• SevecadoT, daviviwyoT daZabulobis Sesaxeb,rogorc ki moswavle daemorCileba Cvens moTxovnas. madlo-ba gadavuxadoT mas swrafi reagirebisTvis da vagrZnobinoT, rom swored amgvar saqciels veliT misgan momavalSic.

klasis marTvis TvalsazrisiT, maswavleblis gamarjveba aris ara moswavlis damorCileba, aramed is, rom moswavle swavlobs axal, ufro swor, klasisTvis Sesafer da socialurad gama-rTlebul qcevas.

77



• gakveTilismarTviserT-erTimniSvnelovaniaspeqtiamisi struqturis dadgena, rac yoveldRiuri qcevis wesebis SemuSavebas da maT Tanmimdevrul gatarebas gulisxmobs;

• qceviswesebiundaiyosadviladgasagebidadasa-maxsovrebeli, pozitiuri formiT, naTlad da konkretulad Camoyalibebuli;

• proceduragansazRvravsqceviswesisganxorcieleb-is konkretul gzebs. proceduris dacva rutinis saxes iRebs;

• qceviswesebsadaprocedurebzemuSaobasmaswavle-belma didi dro unda dauTmos, gansakuTrebiT, swavlis dawyebidan 2-3 kviris ganmavlobaSi;

• wesebisdacvisgamomoswavliswaxalisebagacilebiTufro efeqturi startegiaa disciplinis dacvisaTvis, vi-dre wesis darRvevis gamo misi dasja. amdenad, maswavle-belma unda icodes, Tu rogori zomebi miiRos wesis dar-Rvevis SemTxvevaSi, magram aranakleb mniSvnelovania imis codna, Tu ra gziT SeiZleba darRvevebis Tavidan acile-ba.

78

qcevis TviTmarTva

situacia

gakveTilze nuca xSirad nebarTvis gareSe iwyebs laparaks. maswavleblis dasmul SekiTxvaze pasuxs xelis awevis gareSe wamoiZaxebs da dafiqrebas aravis aclis. naCqarevi pasuxebi yovelTvis swori rodia, magram es mas xels ar uSlis, sxva dro-sac igive gaimeoros. diskusiis drosac xSirad Seawyvetinebs Tanaklaselebs saubars da aravis aclis azris dasrulebas. maswavlebelma scada, taqtianad mieniSnebina nucasTvis, rom ne-barTvis gareSe laparakis dawyeba ewinaaRmdegeba klasSi qcevis wesebs. roca aman Sedegi ar gamoiRo, gakveTilis Semdeg daibara da piradad esaubra. nuca daeTanxma maswavlebels, rom misi qce-va miuRebelia da dahpirda, rom es aRar ganmeordeboda. meore dRes igi maqsimalurad Seecada Tavisi dapireba Seesrulebina, magram es didxans ar gagrZelebula. mesame dRidan nuca kvlav Zveleburad iqceoda.

nuca grZnobs, rom misi qceva xels uSlis masac da Tanaklase-lebsac, magram uWirs qcevis Secvla. ra xerxs SeiZleba mimarTos maswavlebelma, rom daexmaros nucas am problemis daZlevaSi?


ras niSnavs qcevis TviTmarTva;

ras gulisxmobs samizne qceva da rogoria maswavleblis roli samizne qcevis gansazRvraSi;

rogor unda warimarTos TviTdakvirvebis procesi; ra SemTxvevaSia umjobesi `ganmtkicebis~ sxvadasxva

formis gamoyeneba.

79

*****

ar aris advili, uzrunvelvyoT moswavlis adekvaturi qceva klassa da skolaSi. kidev ufro rTulia, vaswavloT moswavles, Tu rogor aiRos pasuxismgebloba sakuTar moqmedebebze, Camo-vuyaliboT mas qcevis TviTmarTvis unar-Cvevebi. swored es war-moadgens maswavleblis umniSvnelovanes amocanas.

TviTmarTva aris adamianis unari, gaacnobieros da marTos sakuTari qceva. aq igulisxmeba moswavlis unari, Tavad daisaxos mizani (magaliTad, romelime konkretuli qcevis Secvla), xolo Semdeg dagegmos da ganaxorcielos am miznis misaRwevad saWiro RonisZiebebi. imis gadasawyvetad, romeli qceva unda SevcvaloT da romeli SevinarCunoT, aucilebelia zustad vafasebdeT Cvens qmedebebs. moswavleebs sakmaod uWirT sakuTari qcevis obieq-turad Sefaseba. magaliTad, moswavle SeiZleba verc xvdebodes, rom saklaso davalebisTvis gamoyofili drois naxevarze mets klasis Tvalierebasa da merxze wrialSi atarebs. amdenad, is ver xvdeba, ratom ver aswrebs davalebis dasrulebas da rato-maa misi Sedegebi ase dabali. amitomac qcevis TviTmarTvis sxva-dasxva aspeqts Soris gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania is unarebi da strategiebi, romlebsac moswavle iyenebs sakuTar qcevaze dakvirvebisa da saWiro cvlilebebis ganxorcielebisaTvis. am unar-Cvevebis CamoyalibebisTvis moswavlem da maswavlebelma erTad unda imuSaon. es aris sakmaod rTuli procesi, romelic ramdenime etapad SeiZleba daiyos:

I. miznis (samizne qcevis) gansazRvra;

II. TviTdakvirvebis meTodis SemuSaveba;

III. waxalisebis formebis SerCeva;

IV. TviTdakvirvebis sistemis gamoyeneba;

V. TviTganmtkiceba.

80

I. miznis gansazRvra

moswavle da maswavlebeli erTad gansazRvraven, moswavlis ra qmedebaze unda gaamaxvilon yuradReba. amgvari qmedebebis arCevani sakmaod farToa da damokidebulia imaze, Tu ras aRiq-vams orive mxare gansakuTrebiT problemurad. swored im qcevas, romlis Secvlas an Camoyalibebasac visaxavT miznad, SeiZleba vuwodoT samizne qceva.

bunebrivia, rom moswavleebi metad arian dainteresebuli miz-nis miRweviT da amitom metsac aRweven, roca es mizani Tavs mox-veuli ki ara, maT miervea gansazRvruli. es faqtori arsebi-Tia TviTmarTvis unaris ganviTarebisTvis. amitom, sasurvelia, SevqmnaT situaciebi, sadac moswavle Tavad SeZlebs, gadawyvi-tos, ra miznis miRweva surs. magaliTad, SeiZleba vkiTxoT mas, ramdeni axali inglisuri sityvis swavlas SeZlebs Temis das-rulebamde, an ramden xanSi SeZlebs TanaklaselTan konfliqtis mogvarebas.

maswavleblis taqtsa da profesionalizmzea damokidebuli, rom qceva, romelic maswavlebels problemurad miaCnia, moswav-lisTvisac iqces miznad. arc Tu ise rTulia, gavaRviZoT mos-wavlis Rirsebis SegrZneba, misi socialuri pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba da davanaxoT mas, rom misi qceva gavlenas axdens ara mxolod misive, aramed sxvebis yofazec.

samizne qcevad SeiZleba iqces klasSi savarjiSos droze das-ruleba, saSinao davalebis Cabareba, sakuTar adgilze yofna mTeli gakveTilis manZilze, maswavleblis SekiTxvaze pasuxis gace-mis forma, Sesasrulebel samuSaoze yuradRebis koncentracia, Tanaklaselebisadmi mimarTvis formebi da a.S.

sasurvelia, TviTmarTvis procesis miznad gan-isazRvros pozitiuri qceva da ara wesrigis darRve-va. magaliTad, moswavlis yuradReba SeiZleba mivapy-roT imas, Tu ramdenjer Segvawyvetina man gakveTili uadgilo wamoZaxiliT an SekiTxviT. Tumca ufro efeqturi iqneba, Tu amis nacvlad igi aRricxavs, ram-denjer aniSna man maswavlebels xelis aweviT (anu dadgenili wesis mixedviT) azris gamoTqmis survili da gamoZaxebisas dasva gakveTilTan dakavSirebuli SekiTxva. dadebiT, misaReb qcevaze yuradRebis gamax-vilebiT maswavlebeli xazs usvams, rom mTeli am procesis mizania sasurveli qcevis ganmtkiceba,

ix. I - gv. 77

81

da ara wesis darRvevisTvis dasja. amgvarad gansazRvruli sam-izne qceva ufro misaRebia moswavlisTvisac.

amasTan, samizne qceva ar unda iyos zogadi, raTa gaadvildes misi aRricxva. arasakmarisad konkretulia gansazRvreba `ram-denad pativiscemiT veqcevi Tanaklaselebs,~ radgan amis daT-vla an gazomva praqtikulad SeuZlebelia. samagierod, sakmaod advilad SeiZleba moswavle daakvirdes, Tu ramdenjer daartya klasels, an piriqiT, ramdenjer upasuxa mas Tavaziani fraziT (am frazebis CamonaTvalic SeiZleba winaswar ganisazRvros).

samizne qcevis gansazRvras aucileblad unda mohyves misi detaluri ganxilva moswavlisTvis gasageb enaze. `samuSaoze fokusirebuli~ SeiZleba misTvis iTargmnos, rogorc `wers, kiTxulobs an pasuxobs SekiTxvebs gansazRvrul droSi~. Sei-Zleba mas vTxovoT, moiyvanos am qcevis magaliTebi, an aRweros igi Tavisi sityvebiT. mTavaria, moswavles zustad esmodes, konk-retulad ra qcevas unda daakvirdes.

miznis gansazRvris etapze maswavlebeli unda daexmaros mo-swavles, rom mizani iyos realisturi, magram arc Zalian ad-vilad misaRwevi. SeiZleba wavaxalisoT igi da davanaxoT, rom am amocanis gadaWra SesaZlebelia (mag. gavamxnevoT sxva mos-wavleebis magaliTiT). zogjer saWiro xdeba imis axsnac, rom srulyofilebas ar unda velodoT da Secdomis gareSe rTuli amocanisTvis Tavis garTmeva SeuZlebelia.

II. TviTdakvirvebis meTodis SemuSaveba

moswavlesTan erTad maswavlebelma unda gansazRvros, rogor moxdeba samizne qcevis aRricxva. amisTvis gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva saxis cxrili an sqema da xSirad, drois gazomvis rame meqanizmi: wammzomi, maRviZara da a.S. magaliTad, moswavles merxze udevs martivi cxrili, romelSic aRniSnavs mis mier samizne qcevis sworad ganxorcielebis yvela SemTxvevas (mag. ramdenjer awia xeli wamoZaxebis nacvlad).

arsebobs sxvagvari cxrilebic, romlebSic maswavleblis sig-nalze moswavlem unda aRricxos, asrulebs Tu ara samizne qce-vas mocemul momentSi. magaliTad, maRviZaras yovel signalze moswavlem cxrilSi `+~ an `_~-iT unda aRniSnos, muSaobs Tu ara maswavleblis mier micemul davalebaze. aq araviTari mniS-vneloba ar aqvs, ras akeTebda moswavle wuTis win an Tundac bolo 5 wuTis manZilze. aRiricxeba mxolod is, Tu ras akeTebs igi, roca signali gaismis. am meTodis gamoyenebisas didi mniS-vneloba aqvs intervals signalebs Soris. Uumjobesia, daviwyoT

82

ufro xanmokle Sualedidan (SeiZleba 30 wamidanac ki) da es dro TandaTanobiT gavzardoT. aucilebelia, rom moswavleebi ver xedavdnen saaTs da signali yovelTvis moulodneli iyos.

moswavlis Sedegebis gaumjobesebasTan erTad izrdeba in-tervali signalebs Soris. bevri maswavlebeli saWirod miiCnevs, gaarTulos Tavad davalebac. signalis gagonebisas moswavle 0-dan 5 qulamde afasebs sakuTar qcevas wina signalis Semdgom periodSi.

0 qulas uwers igi sakuTar Tavs, Tu bolo or signals Soris intervalSi arc erTxel ar ganuxorcielebia samizne qceva (mag. ar umuSavia saklaso davalebaze);

1 qula–amperiodSisamizneqcevaerTxelmaincganxor-cielda an xorcieldeboda Zalian mcire drois ganmavlobaSi;

2qula–samizneqcevaxorcieldebodanaxevardrozenak-leb periodSi;

3qula–sulmcirenaxevaridroismanZilze;

4 qula–TiTqmismTelidroismanZilze;

5qula–idealuriqcevasignalebsSorisperiodSi. moswavlis mier Sevsebulma cxrilma SeiZleba aseTi saxe

miiRos:

83

TviTdakvirvebis forma - qeTi

yovel 10 wuTSi aRniSne, rogor asruleb saklaso samuSaos

+ TiTqmis sul vmuSaobdi

1/2 daaxloebiT naxevari dro vmuSaobdi

- TiTqmis ar vmuSaobdi

9.00-9.10

+ -+ +

9.10-9.20 9.20-9.30

1/2

9.30-9.40 9.40-9.50 9.50-9.00

10.00-10.10 10.00-10.10 10.00-10.1010.00-10.20 10.00-10.30

- Sesveneba

Sesveneba

+1/2

III. waxalisebis formebis SerCeva

waxaliseba TviTmarTvis sistemis funqcioni-rebis mniSvnelovani elementia. zogi moswavlis dainteresebisaTvis sakmarisi aRmoCndeba Tavad is faqtori, rom TviTon akontrolebs da afasebs sakuTar qcevas. Tumca umravles SemTxvevaSi saWiro xdeba damatebiTi ganmamtkiceblebi,anu reagirebis formebi, romlebic xels uwyoben sa-surveli qcevis gantkicebas. amgvari ganmamt-kiceblebis SerCeva moswavlis ganviTarebis safexuris da interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT xde-ba. TviTmarTvis unaris Camoyalibebis etapebis mixedviT ganmamtkiceblebi ase ganlagdeba:

ix. I - gv. 77

84

sawyis etapze - konkretuli ganmamtkiceblebi, magaliTad, rveulSi Casakravi lamazi suraTebi (stikeri), specialuri ba-raTebi, romlebic jildos misaRebad unda daagrovon;

meore etapze – saxaliso aqtivoba, magaliTad TamaSi, kom-piuterze muSaoba, jgufebs Soris Sejibreba; privilegia, magaliTad, jgufis lideroba, mwkrivis TavSi dgoma, maswavleb-lis daxmareba rveulebis akrebaSi an rame sxva saqmianobaSi;

mesameetapze–socialuriwaxaliseba,magaliTad,namuSevrisgamofena an miRwevebis warmoCena TanaklaselTa winaSe da a.S.

meoTxe etapze – mniSvnelovani gadawyvetilebebis miReb-is ufleba, magaliTad, moswavle wyvets, ra aqtivobebSi surs monawileobis miReba, ra garemoSi imecadinos, rodis aris das-rulebuli misi samuSao, ra produqti warmoadginos Sromis Sedegad da a.S.

TviTmarTvis unaris ganviTarebis bolo etapze imdenad Zlieria moswavlis Sinagani motivacia, rom waxalisebis saWiroe-ba faqtobrivad ar arsebobs (Tumca zogjer mainc SeiZleba damatebiTi stimulis saxiT misi gamoyeneba). am safexurze myo-fi moswavlisTvis Tavad faqti, rom mas SeuZlia, akontrolos sakuTari qceva da miiRos damoukidebeli gadawyvetilebebi, sak-marisi stimulia.

xSir SemTxvevaSi ganmamtkiceblebis SerCeva moswavlis asa-kobriv maxasiaTeblebzea damokidebuli.

85

• konkretuli ganmamtkice-

blebi gamoiyeneba iSviaTad,

mxolod mravalferovnebisT-

vis;

• dadebiTi Sefaseba, mag.

specialuri baraTebi, romleb-

sac moswavle garkveuli peri-

odis manZilze agrovebs, raTa

rame ufro didi jildo moi-

povos; moswavles mieniWeba

specialuri yovelkvireuli

`sertifikati~ (mniSvnelovania,

rom wlis ganmavlobaSi yvela

moswavlem SeZlos amgvari ser-

tifikatis miReba rame qcevisT-

vis);

• Tavisufali dro, mag.

xatvis, TamaSis, kompiuter-

ze muSaobisTvis. sasurvelia,

agreTve, davgegmoT xanmokle

eqskursia (mag. parkSi an muze-

umSi).

• konkretuli ganmamt-

kiceblebi, mag. feradi sura-

Ti an stikeri;

• maswavleblis Seqeba

da Rimili;

• privilegiebi, mag.jgu-

fis lideroba;

• ufrosebis movaleobe-

bi, mag. davalebis rveulebis

akreba, yvavilebis morwyva.

moiTxoven jil-

dos dauyovnebliv,

swori saqcielis

CadenisTanave

izrdeba unari im-

isa, rom daelodon

jildos, anu isini am-

jobineben, mogvianebiT

miiRon didi jildo,

vidre mcire, magram

dauyovnebliv

safexuri asakobrivi maxasiaTeblebi efeqturi ganmamtkiceblebi

I-III kl.

IV-VI kl.

86

• Tavisufali dro

klaselebTan urTierTobisT-

vis, magaliTad, davalebis

droulad damTavrebis SemTx-

vevaSi;

• individualurisaubari

moswavlesTan;

• maswavleblisdadebiTi

Sefaseba konkretuli qmede-

bisaTvis, umjobesia pirad

saubarSi.

• xSiradmivandoTgad-

awyvetilebis miReba moswav-

leebs. TviTmarTvis unaris

TandaTanobiT Camoyaliebe-

basTan erTad maT SeiZleba

Tavad gadawyviton, masalaze

ra TanmimdevrobiT da ra

formiT imuSaveben;

• xeli SevuwyoT maTi

miRwevebis populariza-

cias CvenTvis xelmisawv-

domi saSulebebiT

T a n a tole bT a n

urTierTobis mzardi

survili

saboloo miznisT-

vis survilebis damor-

Cilebis unari; swrafva

pasuxismgeblobisa da

aRiarebisken.

VII-IX

kl.

X-XII

kl.

safexuri asakobrivi maxasiaTeblebi efeqturi ganmamtkiceblebi

87

rasakvirvelia, TviTmarTvis unari avtomaturad rodi viTardeba asakis matebasTan erTad. arc Tu ise iSviaTi SemTxvevaa, roca damamTavrebel klasebSic ki moswavleebs jer kidev ar aqvT srulad Camoyalibebuli TviTmarTvis unari. amgvar SemTxvevebSi maswavlebeli Tavad gansazRvravs, ra saxis ganmamtkiceblebia saWiro am konkretul SemTxvevaSi.

qcevis TviTmarTvis unarze muSaobisas, maswavlebeli cdi-lobs, TandaTan ufro maRali donis ganmamtkiceblebi SesTava-zos moswavles. amasTan, es gadasvla TandaTanobiTi unda iyos. ukve nacnob ganmamtkiceblebTan erTad, moswavles vTavazobT ufro maRali donisas da droTa ganmavlobaSi vcdilobT, Zveli mTlianad axali tipis ganmamtkiceblebiT CavanacvloT.

rac mTavaria, ganmamtkicebeli marTlac sasurveli da Rire-buli unda iyos moswavlisTvis. amitom igi erToblivi SeTanxme-biT unda SeirCes. Tumca zogjer maswavlebeli, romelic kargad icnobs moswavlis xasiaTs da miswrafebebs, ufro zustad pou-lobs waxalisebis efeqtian formas, vidre Tavad bavSvi.

arsebobs imis saSualebac, rom moswavleebs SevTavazoT arCevani ganmamtkiceblebs Soris. amisTvis maswavleblebi iyeneben specialur baraTebs, an ferad Cxirebs, romlebsac mos-wavle iRebs samizne qcevis sworad ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi. garkveuli raodenobis baraTebis Nan Cxirebis dagrovebis Sem-deg moswavles SeuZlia, airCios ra jildoc surs. male Tavad baraTebic waxalisebis formad iqceva, radgan isini ganmamtkice-blebTan asocirdeba.

IV. TviTdakvirvebis sistemis gamoyeneba

roca samizne qceva, misi aRricxvis da waxalisebis forme-bi gansazRvrulia, maswavlebeli unda daexmaros moswavles am sistemis kargad gaazrebaSi da aswavlos misi praqtikulad gamoyeneba. es moiTxovs pirad Sexvedrebs da detalebis da-zustebas. amas mosdevs mcire eqsperimentebi, roca moswavle ukve cdilobs sistemis danergvas da gakveTilze akvirdeba da aRricxavs samizne qcevas. am etapze maswavleblis movaleobaa, akontrolos moswavlis dakvirvebis sizuste. TviTdakvirvebis unaris Camoyalibebis TvalsazrisiT, mniSvneloba aqvs mxolod imas, Tu ramdenad zustad aRricxavs moswavle Tavis qcevas. magaliTad, wamaxalisebel qulas miiRebs moswavle, romelic gveubneba, rom 20 wuTiani damoukidebeli samuSaos dros mx-olod 3 wuTi dauTmo davalebas, Tu es emTxveva Cvens Sefasebas.

88

samagierod, qulas ver miiRebs moswavle, romelmac 15 wuTi im-uSava, magram Tavis angariSSi met dros aCvenebs.

xSirad ramdenime dRe mainc sWirdeba imas, rom moswavlem saTanado sizustiT SeZlos Tavisi qcevis aRricxva. am dReebis manZilze maswavlebelma sistematurad unda Seadaros Tavisi dakvirvebis Sedegebi moswavlis mier mowodebul informacia-sTan. Semdeg etapebze maswavleblis sistematuri kontroli saWiro aRar aris, magram moswavlisTvis moulodneli peri-oduli Semowmeba mainc sasargebloa. Tu damTxveva moswavlisa da maswavleblis monacemebs Soris 80%-ze dabalia, saWiroa, kv-lav SevaxsenoT mas TviTdakvirvebis proceduris detalebi da Cvenc ufro xSirad SevamowmoT. gamokvlevebi aCvenebs, rom aseTi tyuilis SemTxvevebi TviTdakvirvebis dros sakmaod iSviaTia da moswavleebs, romlebmac kargad ician sistemis gamoyeneba, um-ravles SemTxvevaSi zusti monacemebi miaqvT maswavlebelTan.

V. TviTganmtkiceba

TviTmarTvis strategiebis gamoyenebis Sedegad moswavlis qceva TandaTan uaxlovdeba dasaxul mizans. roca naTeli xdeba, rom sistema moqmedebs, sasurvelia, TandaTan SevamciroT gan-mamtkiceblebis gamoyeneba da avamaRloT standarti. Tu, magali-Tad, Tavidan moswavle jildovdeboda davalebaze koncentraci-is yoveli 5 wuTisaTvis, bolos misi mizania, mTeli gakveTilis manZilze sakuTari qcevis kontroli. es cvlileba TandaTano-biTi unda iyos, radgan ganmamtkiceblebis swrafad gaqrobam SeiZleba Zveli qcevis aRdgena gamoiwvios.

maswavleblis saboloo mizania, moswavles realistur TviTSefasebasTan erTad Camouyalibdes TviTganmtkicebis unari. moswavles SeiZleba davexmaroT misTvis yvelaze sasur-veli ganmamtkiceblis povnaSi, romliTac SeuZlia sakuTari Tavi daajildoos miznis miRwevisTvis. erTisTvis es SeiZleba iyos Tavisufali dro da mecadineobisgan dasveneba, meoresTvis rame saqmianoba (mag. fexburTis TamaSi), mesamesTvis ki miznis miRw-evisgan miRebuli kmayofilebis grZnoba aRmoCndeba sakmarisi. TviTganmtkiceba aranakleb efeqturia, vidre maswavleblis mier gamoyenebuli ganmtkicebis nebismieri xerxi.

daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom TviTmarTvis unaris Camoyalibeba rTuli da etapobrivi procesia. igi did dros da Zalisxmevas moiTxovs rogorc maswavleblis, ise moswavlis

89

mxridan, magram udavoa, rom am gziT SeiZleba moswavlis qcevaSi grZelvadiani cvlilebebis miRweva, romlebic dadebiT gavlenas axdens moswavlis TviTSefasebasa da akademiur warmatebaze.



• qcevis TviTmarTva aris moswavlis unari, SeafasossakuTari qceva, gansazRvros mizani qcevis Secvlis Tu Se-narCunebis TvalsazrisiT, dagegmos da ganaxorcielos am miznis misaRwevad saWiro RonisZiebebi;

• TviTmarTvisunarisCamoyalibebisTvismaswavlebeliunda daexmaros moswavles samizne qcevis gansazRvrasa da TviTdakvirvebis meTodis SemuSavebaSi;

• TviTmarTvis mniSvnelovani komponentia ganmtkiceba,xolo ganmtkicebis formebis SerCeva damokidebulia mo-swavlis asakobriv maxasiaTeblebsa da misi ganviTarebis safexurze;

• TviTmarTvisunarisCamoyalibebisprocesSimaswav-lebelma daxmareba unda gauwios moswavles TviTdakvirve-bis sistemis sworad gamoyenebaSi da realur TviTSefase-baSi.

90

konfliqtebis mogvareba


1. ra formiT unda Caerios maswavlebeli konfliqtur situ-aciaSi?

2. Tu maswavlebelma moaxerxa situaciis ganmuxtva da mo-swavleebi daubrundnen samuSaos, SeiZleba Tu ara konfliqti amowurulad CaiTvalos?


ras niSnavs konfliqti da ra iwvevs konfliqtur situa-ciebs;

ra pirobebi unda Seqmnas maswavlebelma klasSi moswav-leTa agresiis Tavidan asacileblad;

ra unda gaakeTos maswavlebelma konfliqturi situaciis ganmuxtvisaTvis;

rogor unda moamzadoT moswavleebi, rom maT damoukide-blad SeZlon konfliqtebis mogvareba.

91

situacia 1.

xelovnebis gakveTilze qeTis SemTxveviT daeRvara saRebavi da gaafuWa TaTas TiTqmis damTavrebuli naxati. TaTam CaTvala, rom qeTim es Segnebulad gaakeTa da maT Soris xmamaRali Se-laparakeba daiwyo. Semdeg konfliqtma kidev ufro seriozuli saxe miiRo.

maswavlebelma scada, situacia ganemuxta. man TaTa koridor-Si gaiyvana da yuradRebiT usmina mis saubars, sanam gogona bolomde ar daicala agresiisgan. maswavleblis komentarebi Semoifargleboda mxolod TanagrZnobis gamoxatviT: àa, gasage-bia~, `marTla?~, ès marTlac cudad mosvlia~ da a.S. maswavle-belma logikurad gadaitana saubari gogonas interesze xatvis mimarT, saubari gauba gamofenebze da amiT mTlianad Caacxro misi agresia.

92

******

konfliqti Cndeba maSin, roca ori an meti pirovnebis, jgufis Tu garkveuli mxareebis miznebi, Rirebulebebi da qmede-bebi erTmaneTs ver eTavsebian. Kkonfliqts iwvevs azrTa sxva-dasxvaobac rame sakiTxis irgvliv. udavoa, rom klasSi, sadac gansxvavebuli interesebis, miznebisa da xasiaTis mqone bavSvebi arian Sekrebilni, xSirad iqmneba safuZveli konfliqtis warmo-SobisTvis. Tavad konfliqtis arseboba bunebrivi, yoveldRiuri movlenaa da misi mogvarebis saukeTeso gza konstruqciuli gadawyvetaa (igulisxmeba konfliqtebis mogvareba molaparake-bisa da dapirispirebuli mxareebisgan garkveul kompromisebze wasvlis gziT). konfliqtis konstruqciuli gadawyvetis dros:

• viTardeba rTuli saazrovno unar-Cvevebi, rogor-icaa kritikuli azrovneba, problemis SemoqmedebiTi gad-aWris unari da a.S;

• viTardebagadawyvetilebebisdamoukidebladmiRe-bis unari;

• yalibdeba moulodneli garemoebebisTvis TavisgarTmevis da stresis daZlevis unari, rac moswavlis maRali socialuri da fsiqologiuri ganviTarebis maCven-ebelia;

• urTierTobebiklasSi(moswavleebsadamaswavleb-els, an Tavad moswavleebs Soris) ufro maRal safexurze gadadis, klasSi izrdeba erTsulovneba, erTmaneTis ndoba da pativiscema.

konfliqtis arseboba problemad iqceva mxolod maSin, roca ver vaxerxebT situaciis gakontrolebas, roca kon-fliqtis Sedegad erT-erTi mxare mainc zaraldeba. Tu moswav-lem ar icis konfliqtis mogvarebis gzebi, mosalodnelia, rom man agresias da Zaladobas mimarTos. bevri axalgazrdisTvis agresia (sityvieri Tu fizikuri) problemebis mogvarebis erTa-derTi gzaa. Uumetes SemTxvevaSi, maT Zalis gamoyeneba ki ar sia-movnebT, rogorc es SeiZleba erTi SexedviT mogveCvenos, aramed problemis mogvarebis sxva gzas ver xedaven. amas SeiZleba ram-denime mizezi hqondes:

93

1. zogjer moswavleebi fiqroben, rom miznebis misaR-wevad Zalis gamoyeneba misaRebi xerxia; amis gareSe Tana-tolebma isini SeiZleba sustad CaTvalon da daCagron;

2. moswavleebs ara aqvT socialuri unar-Cvevebi, anu komunikaciis, gadawyvetilebis miRebisa Tu TviTmarTvis unar-Cvevebi da amitom ver axerxeben, aagon da SeinarCunon pozitiuri urTierTobebi sxva adamianebTan. maT ar ician, rogor daumegobrdnen Tanatols, ra misaRebi formiT miipy-ron maswavleblis an sxva ufrosis yuradReba da rogor gamoxaton TavianTi emocia, mag. sibraze.

skolaSi agresiam sxvadasxva forma SeiZleba miiRos. igi Sei-Zleba gamoixatos perioduli kinklaobiT, an romelime moswav-lis gamudmebuli sityvieri Tu fizikuri SeviwroebiT da devniT (mag. fulis an sxvadasxva nivTis warTmeva, Seuracxmyofeli met-saxelis Serqmeva da sxv.). amgvari devnis msxverpli, Cveulebriv, xdeba moswavle, romelic, sxva moswavleebTan SedarebiT, susti an morcxvia, adamianebTan urTierTobis unar-Cvevebi naklebad aqvs ganviTarebuli da amitom megobrebic naklebi hyavs, an rame, magaliTad, religiuri an socialuri (mag. Raribuli Cacmulo-ba) niSniT gansxvavdeba umravlesobisgan. statistika gvaCve-nebs, rom skolis moswavleebis umravlesobas sakuTar Tavze gamoucdia TanatolTa agresiis rame gamovlineba. gavrcele-buli azri imis Sesaxeb, rom agresori, umravles SemTxvevaSi, biWia, ar Seesabameba simarTles. biWebi ufro xSirad mimarTaven fizikur agresias, xolo gogonebi, Zalis nacvlad, sityvebs iyen-eben. maT SeiZleba dascinon Tanatols, gaavrcelon masze Wori, JestebiTa da mimikiT gamoxaton mis mimarT zizRi. agresiis es formebi msxverplisaTvis aranakleb mtkivneulia, vidre fizi-kuri Seuracxyofa.

roca agresia didi xnis manZilze vlindeba, igi seriozul kvals tovebs orive mxaris fsiqikaze. msxverpls SeiZleba Camouyalibdes arasrulfasovnebis kompleqsi, dakargos saku-Tari Tavis rwmena, mRelvarebisa da SiSis gamo gauaresdes misi akademiuri maCveneblebi. meore mxriv, agresors uyalibdeba an-tisazogadoebrivi midrekilebebi, rac, xSir SemTxvevaSi, krimi-nalur samyarosTan urTierTobiT sruldeba.

amdenad, moswavleebi unda davarwmunoT, rom agresia ar aris efeqturi gza konfliqtebis mogvarebisTvis. am mimarTulebiT muSaoba klasTan Sexvedris pirveli dRidanve unda daviwyoT. upirveles yovlisa, uaRresad mniSvnelovania klasSi TanamSrom-lobis, urTierTpativiscemis atmosferos Seqmna. skolaSi mos-

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wavleebs Soris xangrZlivi, xSirad mravalwliani urTierTobebi yalibdeba da konfliqtis SemTxvevaSi orive mxare unda grZnob-des, rom droebiTi uTanxmoeba gacilebiT naklebmniSvnelovania, vidre maTi urTierTobis SenarCuneba. am ukanasknelis miRweva ki SesaZlebelia, Tu moswavleebs saerTo interesebi aqvT, Tu TiToeulis warmateba damokidebulia yvela danarCenis keTil-dReobasa da Tanadgomaze. am miznis misaRwevad:

• moswavleebi kargad unda icnobdnen maswavlebel-sac da erTmaneTsac. amisTvis wlis dasawyisSive davgegmoT aqtivobebi an proeqtebi, romelTa mizanic erTmaneTis sxva-dasxva kuTxiT gacnobaa. magaliTad, vTxovoT moswavleebs, moitanon 4-5 nivTi, romelic yvelaze ukeT mogviTxrobs maT Sesaxeb da gaacnon es nivTebi Tanaklaselebs; movawyoT gun-duri Sejibreba, gavakeToT kedlis gazeTi, davdgaT warmod-gena, an ganvaxorcieloT nebismieri proeqti, rac moswavlee-bis erTobliv muSaobas moiTxovs;

• swavlebisprocesSiracSeiZlebaxSiradgamoviyenoTTanamSromlobiTi meTodi, sadac moswavleebi erToblivad asruleben davalebas, xsnian amocanas da a.S. es xels uw-yobs moswavleTa Soris aqtiur urTierTobas da aswavlis maT pasuxismgeblobis gaziarebas. TanamSromlobiTi meTodi aviTarebs moswavleebSi socialur unar-Cvevebs da amgvar-ad amzadebs maT konfliqturi situaciebis konstruqciuli gadaWrisaTvis. moswavleebi swavloben TavianTi azris Riad da logikurad Camoyalibebas, sxvisi mosazrebis mosmenas, kompromisis Ziebas, TanatolisTvis daxmarebis aRmoCenas, erTmaneTis Seqebas, sayveduris misaRebi formiT gamoxatvas da a.S. maswavlebeli Tavad unda iZleodes pirovnebis pa-tiviscemis da Tavaziani damokidebulebis magaliTs. pativi vceT maT da davafasoT moswavleTa individualuri Tav-iseburebebi, maTi asakobrivi, inteleqtualuri, erovnuli Tu rasobrivi maxasiaTeblebi da igive moviTxovoT moswavlee-bisganac. magaliTad, Tu Cven ironiulad mivmarTavT moswav-les mcdari pasuxis SemTxvevaSi, mosalodnelia, moswavleeb-mac CaTvalon, rom erTmaneTis dacinva misaRebia. maT unda esmodeT, rom erTmaneTis Seuracxyofa, agresiis gamovlineba dauSvebelia da amgvari qcevis yvela mcdelobas dauyovne-beli reaqcia mohyveba.

amgvar garemoSi izrdeba moswavlis TviTSefaseba, saku-Tari Tavisadmi rwmena, yalibdeba masSi eTikuri Rirebulebebi,

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rogoricaa patiosneba, samarTlianoba, tolerantoba, sakuTari Tavisa da sxvebis pativiscema. amitomac naklebmosalodnelia agresiuli reagireba sxvaTa qcevasa da konfliqtur situaci-aze. amasTan, igi fsiqologiurad ukeTaa momzadebuli konfliq-tis mogvarebaSi pozitiuri rolis SesrulebisTvis.

miuxedavad maswavleblis mcdelobisa, agresiis gamovlinebis SemTxvevebi mainc iqneba. situacia, roca ori moswavle erT-maneTs uyviris da xelis dasartymeladac miiwevs, arc Tu ise uCveuloa skolebSi. rogor unda moiqces am dros maswavle-beli?

1. Soridanve SevafasoT situacia. ganvsazRvroT, vin monawileobs konfliqtSi da ra viciT Cven maT Sesaxeb; rogor aRiqvamen isini Cvens gamoCenas. am Sefasebis Sedegad, konfliqtis seriozulobidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba movux-moT damxmares, sxva maswavlebels an direqtors (mag. ze-moTaRweril situaciaSi maswavlebelma SeniSna, rom TaTa gacilebiT ufro agresiulad iqceoda, vidre qeTi da CaT-vala umjobesi iqneboda, TaTas gasaubreboda. man isic gai-azra, rom am SemTxvevaSi misi avtoriteti sakmarisi iqneboda konfliqtis gansamuxtad);

2. gvaxsovdes, rom Cveni mizania, ganvmuxtoT situacia ise, rom aravin daziandes da arc erTi monawilis Tavmoyva-reoba ar Seilaxos;

3. SevecadoT, Tavidan moviSoroT gareSe pirebi, mayureblebi da situacias gavaridoT erT-erTi moCxubari. Tu es ar xerxdeba, unda SevecadoT, rame saSualebiT (mag. xmis aweviT) Cvenze gadmovitanoT moswavleebis yuradReba (Cvens situaciaSi maswavlebelma saWirod CaTvala TaTas gayvana klasidan. amiT man SeZlo klasSi simSvidis aRd-gena);

4. SevecadoT, Tavs movaxvioT rame SezRudva da Tan-daTanobiT gavamkacroT moTxovna. magaliTad, jer moviTxo-voT: `rac gindaT, is TqviT, magram xmas dauwieT”. roca am brZanebas daemorCilebian, davamatoT Semdegi moTxovna ùx-eSi sityvebis gamoyeneba SewyviteT” da a.S.

5. davarwmunoT, rom am sakiTxis mogvareba mSvidobiani saubriT ajobebs. SeiZleba vuTxraT, rom Cxubis gagrZele-bas yovelTvis moaxerxeben da maswavlebeli amas xels ver SeuSlis, magram jer SeiZleba sxva xerxi vcadoT;

6. davexmaroT moswavleebs TavianTi emociebis mo-TokvaSi. amisTvis xSirad sakmarisia, rom maT yuradRebiT

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da TanagrZnobiT movusminoT. mosmenisasa) saxiT, JestebiT SevecadoT, gamovxatoT, rom yura-

dReba mTlianad maTken gvaqvs mipyrobili; b) kiTxvebiT vTxovoT bundovani, gaugebari epizode-

bis ganmarteba;g) vagrZnobinoT, rom gvesmis maTi problemis da satkiva-

ris seriozuloba; d) davacadoT, mTlianad amowuron TavianTi saTqmeli,

gamoxaton yvela emocia;e) gavimeoroT, SevajamoT maTi naTqvami da SevamowmoT,

rom mniSvnelovani araferi gvrCeba. 7. davexmaroT moswavles gamosavalis povnaSi. SevTava-

zoT mas konfliqtis mogvarebis SesaZlo variantebi, an, ubralod, mivceT saSualeba, Rirseulad, Tavmoyvareobis Seulaxavad gamovides Seqmnili mdgomareobidan. magaliTad, SevTavazoT mas sxvagan, ufro wynar adgilas Sexvedra da saubari. sasurvelia, am dros movaxerxoT moswavlis yura-dRebis gadatana rame dadebiT emociasa da qmedebaze (mo-cemul situaciaSi maswavlebelma TaTas yuradReba xatvaze gadaitana).

agresiis faqtis aRkveTa mxolod pirveli nabijia konfliq-turi situaciis mogvarebisken. Cven mier aRweril SemTxveva-Sic, Tumca maswavlebelma warmatebiT daawynara moswavleebi da Tavidan aicila konfliqtis garTuleba, problema SeiZleba arc ki iyos sabolood mogvarebuli. savsebiT SesaZlebelia, TaTasa da qeTis Soris metoqeobas xangrZlivi istoria da sakmaod Rrma fesvebi hqondes. maswavlebels xSirad seriozuli rolis Sesruleba uxdeba moswavleTa konfliqtis daregulirebaSi. am dros man sxvadasxva midgoma SeiZleba gamoiyenos:

I. direqtiuli midgomis SemTxvevaSi maswavlebeli Tavad iZleva miTiTebebs, Tu ra unda gaakeTon moswavleebma. igi ar eTaTbireba konfliqtSi monawile mxareebs, aramed Tavad iRebs erTpirovnul gadawyvetilebas. rasakvirvelia, es gadawyvetileba samarTliani da obieqturi unda iyos, magram man SeiZleba erT-erT mxares mainc dautovos uk-mayofilebis grZnoba da am SemTxvevaSi konfliqti sabo-lood mogvarebulad ver CaiTvleba. Aamdenad, direqtiuli stilis gamoyeneba misaRebia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, roca konfliqturi situacia kontrolidan gamodis da dauyovneb-el Carevas moiTxovs, raTa moswavleTa usafrTxoeba eWvqveS ar dadges. am stils mivmarTavT maSinac, roca konfliqti

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imdenad umniSvneloa, rom masze didi drois da energiis daxarjva araa gamarTlebuli;

II. maswavlebeli-arbitri yuradRebiT ismens orive mx-aris mosazrebebs da problemis arsSi Cawvdomis Semdeg eu-bneba maT, ra unda gakeTdes. es sakmaod efeqturi midgomaa, radgan konfliqtSi monawile mxareebs TavianTi pozicie-bis gamoxatvis saSualeba eZlevaT da Tanac Sedegi sakmaod mokle droSi miiRweva. am stilis nakli isaa, rom moswav-leebi Tavad ver iReben iniciativas problemis mogvarebis procesSi da konfliqtis siRrmiseuli mizezebic SeiZleba auxsneli darCes;

III. maswavlebeli-mosamarTle monawileobs iseTi kon-fliqtebis mogvarebaSi, roca erTma mxarem meores aSkara ziani miayena da saWiro xdeba samarTlianobis aRdgena. am SemTxvevaSi maswavlebelma unda mousminos mxareebs da gadawyvitos, vin aris damnaSave. bavSvebi xSirad miandoben xolme ufross samarTliani gadawyvetilebis gamotanas. mas-wavlebelsve evaleba am dros gansazRvros ̀ sasjelis zoma~, anu ra Sedegebi unda mohyves miuRebel qmedebas misi Cam-denisaTvis.

samive midgomas, zogierTi dadebiTi mxaris miuxedavad, erTi saerTo nakli aqvs. verc erTi maTgani ver Seuwyobs xels moswav-leTa damoukideblobis ganviTarebas, kompromisze wasvlis da erT-maneTTan SeTanxmebis miRwevis unaris Camoyalibebas. amitom, Tundac am midgomebiT moxerxdes erTi konkretuli konfliqtis mogvareba, es ver gamoadgeba moswavles imis modelad, Tu rogor SeiZleba moiqces momavalSi axali konfliqtebis warmoSobisas. amitomac, yve-laze mniSvnelovani, rac maswavlebels SeuZlia gaakeTos, aris is, rom moamzados moswavleebi konfliqtebis mogvarebaSi aqtiuri ro-lis SesrulebisTvis da miandos maT iniciativa. AamisaTvis, vaswav-loT moswavleebs molaparakebis warmarTva da movamzadoT isini konfliqtSi mediatoris rolis SesrulebisTvis.

molaparakebebi

roca konfliqtzea saubari, SeiZleba dagvrCes STabeWdileba, rom erTi mxare mogebuli unda darCes da meore wagebuli. konfliq-tis mogvarebis konstruqciuli gzis Zieba ki gulisxmobs iseTi gadawyvetilebis povnas, romlis Sedegadac orive mxare mogebuli darCeba. am SemTxvevaSi Cveni mizani damnaSavis povna da sakuTari si-marTlis damtkiceba ki ara, aramed problemis ufro Rrmad gaazreba

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da orive modavisTvis met-naklebad misaRebi gamosavalis povnaa.

situacia 2.

rati da giorgi Tanaklaselebi arian. isini mudam kinklao-ben da maTi Cxubi xSirad Slis saswavlo process. maswavle-belma CaTvala, rom molaparakebebis gza optimaluri saSualebaa maTi konfliqtis mosagvareblad. man daiTanxma orive moswavle am molaparakebebSi monawileobaze. maswavlebeli Seecada, Seeqm-na oficialur molaparakebebTan miaxlovebuli garemo, ramac bavSvebis interesi gaaRviva. pirvel rigSi, ratic da giorgic Seecadnen, gaerkviaT, ra xdeboda maT Soris, ra pretenziebi hqon-daT erTmaneTTan. amis Semdeg maswavlebelma sTxova maT, CamoeTva-laT urTierTobis mogvarebis gzebi. orive moswavlem aRiara, rom Cxubi skolaSi ar SeiZleba da SeTanxmdnen, rom am dRidan sko-lis teritoriaze mainc moeridebodnen Ria dapirispirebas, Tumca

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damegobrebaze orivem uari ganacxada. amgvarad, Sedga SeTanxmeba, romelic bavSvebma xelis CamorTmeviT ganamtkices. am dRis Semdeg situacia mkveTrad gaumjobesda da es gaumjobeseba aramarto sko-laSi, aramed skolis gareT maT urTierTobazec aisaxa.

rogorc am magaliTidan Cans, konfliqtis mogvareba mola-parakebebis gziT ramdenime safexurad iyofa:

1. ganvsazRvroT problemis arsi

swori gadawyvetilebis miReba SeuZlebelia, Tu problema Tavidanve sworad ar iqna gansazRvruli. orive mxares unda esmodes, ra xdeba realurad, xom ar arsebobs ufro siRrmiseu-li problema, romlis konkretuli gamovlinebac es konfliqti gaxda. am etapze moswavleebma unda SeZlon, gulwrfelad Camo-ayalibon, ra surT da ras ganicdian mocemul situaciaSi. es saubari ar unda gadaizardos urTierTbraldebebsa da Seu-racxyofaSi. amitom winaswar unda SeTanxmdnen, rom moswavleebi ar Seawyvetineben erTmaneTs da ar gamoiyeneben mimarTvis uxeS formebs. amasTan, umjobesia, maT, ZiriTadad, sakuTar Tav-ze isaubron, anu gamoxaton is, Tu Tavad ra ganicades Tanato-lis qmedebis Sedegad da ratom. magaliTad, `me Tavi Zalian Suracxyofilad vigrZeni, roca Sen aseTi sityvebiT mommarTe, radgan es yvelas esmoda.~ amasTan, moswavlem SeiZleba ganmar-tos, Tu ra surs mas. `me minda, rom Sen cota pativiscemiT mela-parako, gansakuTrebiT, roca mTeli Cveni klasi ismens~.

imisaTvis, rom konfliqtis arsi orive mxarem gaiazros, aucilebelia, maT yuradRebiT mousmi-non erTmaneTs. mosmena ki am SemTxvevaSi moiTx-ovs imas, rom sakuTari emociebi droebiT gverdze gadavdoT da mowinaaRmdegis gagebas SevecadoT. konfliqtis mogvarebis procesSi es albaT yve-laze rTuli etapia. moswavleebs unda SeeZloT aqtiuri mosmenis unar-Cvevebis gamoyeneba, kiTx-vebis dasma Tanamosaubris poziciis, damokideb-ulebis dasazusteblad. erT-erTi xerxi, rasac xSirad iyeneben molaparakebisas, aris is, rom vTx-ovoT moswavles, xelaxla Camoayalibos is, rac Tanamosaubrisgan moismina. am dros mas uxdeba Tavisi reaqciis, brazis droebiT mainc moTokva da obieqturobis SenarCuneba.

ix. II - gv. 132

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2. ganvsazRvroT konfliqtis gadaWris SesaZlo gzebi

moswavleebi cdiloben, erTad moifiqron da furcelze Camoweron am konfliqtis mogvarebis yvela SesaZlo varian-ti. moswavleebs SeiZleba davexmaroT kiTxvebiT: `ra SeiZle-ba SevcvaloT Cvens qcevaSi?~ `ra wesi SeiZleba SemoviRoT?~ `kidev xom ar arsebobs rame varianti?~ am etapze ar arsebobs miuRebeli SemoTavazeba. Cveni mizania, ar gamogvrCes arc erTi SesaZlo xerxi, romelmac SeiZleba konfliqtis mogvarebas Seu-wyos xeli.

3. SevarCioT orive mxarisTvis misaRebi varianti

konfliqtis mogvarebis SesaZlo gzebis maqsimalurad sru-li siis Sedgenis Semdeg moswavleebi saTiTaod ganixilaven TiToeul variants. isini cdiloben, upasuxon kiTxvebs: rogo-ria TiToeuli variantis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi? ra sakiTxebi rCeba mougvarebeli TiToeuli am gzis arCevisas? ra moxdeba, Tu am xerxs vcdiT? sabolood, mxareebi unda SeTanx-mndnen CamoTvlilTa Soris yvelaze misaReb variantze. SeTanx-meba aucileblad detaluri unda iyos, zustad unda davadginoT, vin ras gaakeTebs, sad da rodis. amgvari detalebis winaswar garkvevis gareSe SeTanxmeba SeiZleba ar Sesruldes.

4. SevafasoT SeTanxmebis Sedegebi

konfliqtis mogvarebis SerCeuli xerxis ganxorcilebisas, aucilebelia, moswavleebs esmodeT, rom es jer kidev sacdeli variantia da am gzam SeiZleba arc gaamarTlos. amitom parale-lurad unda daiwyos Sedegebze dakvirveba da Sefaseba. moswav-leebi mudmivad usvamen sakuTar Tavs SekiTxvebs: mogvarda ki problema? yvela kmayofilia SedegebiT? xom ar unda SevcvaloT rame? Tu mxareebi miRweul Sedegebs aradamakmayofileblad mi-iCneven, saWiro xdeba cvlilebebze, an sruliad axal variantze SeTanxmeba da misi ganxorcieleba.

praqtikam aCvena, rom moswavleebs Soris molaparakebis gza Zalian efeqturi SeiZleba iyos konfliqtis mogvarebisTvis. amis erTaderTi piroba aris is, rom orive mxares unda hqondes amis survili da iyos mzad konstruqciuli nabijebis gadadgmisTvis.

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mediacia

konfliqtis mSvidobianad mogvarebis meore gavrcelebuli gzaa mediacia, anu sakiTxis gadaWra konfliqtSi mesame, nei-traluri piris, mediatoris, monawileobiT. am SemTxvevaSic gad-amwyveti mniSvneloba eniWeba modave mxareebis mzaobas diskusii-sa da sakiTxis erToblivad mogvarebisTvis. mediatori SeiZleba daexmaros mxareebs, magram igi TviTon ver gadaWris konfliqts. praqtikam aCvena, rom mediaciis procesi yvelaze Sedegiani maSi-naa, roca mediatoris rols konfliqtSi monawile moswavleebis Tanaklaselebi an Tanaskolelebi asruleben. amas TanatolTa mediacia hqvia. aseve efeqturi mediatorebi SeiZleba iyvnen amave skolis maswavleblebi. amasTan, unda gaviTvaliswin-oT, rom mediators aucileblad unda hqondes gavlili spe-cialuri mosamzadebeli kursi, rogorc es dasavleT evropis qveynebSi xdeba. amitom, Cveulebriv, mowveuli specialistebi axorcieleben skolis zogierTi moswavlisa da maswavleblis momzadebas, ris Semdegac maT eZlevaT mediatoris rolis Ses-rulebis ufleba. mediaciis procesi inergeba ara erT romelime klasSi, aramed mTel skolaSi da es mxolod administraciisa da mSoblebis aqtiuri mxardaWeriT SeiZleba ganxorcieldes. mediaciis procesis warmatebiT ganxorcielebisTvis

• mediatoradundaSeirCesmoswavle,romelicavto-ritetiT sargeblobs TanatolTa Soris;

• mediaciisdawyebamdeundaganisazRvrosZiriTadiwesebi, romlebic daaregulirebs mTel process, magaliTad, erTmaneTisadmi mimarTvis formebs, pirvelad romeli mxare iwyebs saubars da a.S;

• mediatoriTavadarkarnaxobsgadawyvetilebebskonfliqtSi monawile mxareebs da ar gamoxatavs Tavis mxardaWeras romelime maTganis mimarT. igi rCeba absolu-turad neitraluri da miukerZoebeli;

• mediatorsaucilebladundahqondesaqtiurimos-menisa da Ria kiTxvebis dasmis unar-Cvevebi. misma SekiTxveb-ma stimuli unda misces konfliqtSi monawile moswavleebs, Riad gamoxaton TavianTi grZnobebi da damokidebuleba (`ras gulisxmobdi, roca Tqvi, rom...?~) da gadadgan nabije-bi erToblivi gadawyvetilebis misaRebad (`ra unda moxdes, rom yvelaferi gamoswordes?~);

• Sexvedris adgili, dro da xangZlivoba sakmaodmniSvnelovania. process unda mieces oficialuri mola-

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parakebebis forma da yvelaferi, rac am dros xdeba, unda iyos konfidencialuri;

• mediaciis procesi sruldeba garkveulixelSekrulebiT, romelSic Tanabradaa asaxuli orive mxaris pozicia da dakonkretebulia, rogor unda mogvardes msgavsi konfliqturi situaciebi momavalSi.

moswavleTa Soris molaparakebebi da mediacia gacilebiT met dros da Zalisxmevas moiTxovs, vidre konfliqtis mogvare-bis sxva gzebi, magram Sedegebic gacilebiT ufro Sorsmimava-lia. mcirdeba agresiisa da Zaladobis done skolaSi, izrdeba moswavlis TviTSefaseba, misi pativiscema sakuTari Tavisa da sxvebis mimarT, rac, saboloo jamSi, aramxolod aumjobesebs saswavlo garemos, aramed amzadebs moswavles warmatebuli urTierTobebisaTvis mTeli cxovrebis manZilze.


• konfliqti miznebis, Rirebulebebis, qmedebebisSeuTavseblobiTaa gamowveuli da igi bunebrivi movle-naa skolaSi;

• konfliqtismogvarebisTvismoswavlemSeiZlebami-marTos agresias da Zaladobas, roca igi amis magaliTs ufrosebisgan xedavs, an ara aqvs socialuri unar-Cveve-bi;

• agresiisTavidanacilebissaukeTesogzaaklasSiTanamSromlobis, urTierTpativiscemis, tolerantobis atmosferos Seqmna;

• konfliqtismogvarebisTvismaswavlebelmaSeiZle-ba gamoiyenos direqtiuli midgoma, Seasrulos arbitris an mosamarTlis roli. Tumca arc erTi es midgoma ar amzadebs moswavles konfliqtebis damoukideblad da-regulirebisTvis;

• konfliqtebis mogvarebisTvis yvelaze efeqturia,rom mivandoT moswavleebs iniciativa da movamzadoT isini molaparakebebisa da mediaciis xerxebis gamoyenebi-sTvis.

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ganaTleba da kanonmdebloba


1. saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT ra asakidan aqvs bavSvs ganaTlebis miRebis ufleba?

2. rogor unda daicvan maswavleblebma religiuri, eTni-kuri an enobrivi umciresobebis warmomadgenel moswavleTa uflebebi?

3. rogor unda izrunon maswavleblebma bavSvebis keTil-dReobisaTvis?


ra erovnuli da saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi aqtebi unda icodes maswavlebelma;

rogor unda Seuwyon xeli maswavleblebma skolebSi ganaTlebis uflebis dacvis Sesaxeb saerTaSoriso konven-ciebis danergvas;

rogor unda gamoiyenon maswavleblebma samarTlebrivi aqtebi skolaSi.

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*****

yvela bavSvs aqvs ganaTlebis miRebis ufleba, romelic adamianis erT-erTi fundamenturi uflebaa. rogorc erovnuli, aseve saerTaSoriso kanonmdebloba iTvaliswinebs bavSvTa am uflebis dacvas. maswavleblis movaleobaa, daeqvemdebaros am kanonebs, romlebic gulisxmobs TiToeuli bavSvis uz-runvelyofas sruli zogadi ganaTlebis miRebis Tanabari uflebiT.

saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, bavSvs ufleba aqvs, 6 wlis asakidan miiRos zogadi ganaTleba saqarTvelos zogad-saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebSi. saqarTveloSi zogadi ganaTleba, romelic 12 wels moicavs, samsafexuriania: dawyebiTi - 6 weli, sabazo - 3 weli da saSualo - 3 weli.

saqarTvelos konstitucia yvelas uzrunvelyofs ganaTlebis miRebis uflebiT da aniWebs maT SesaZleblobas, airCion saxelmwifo an kerZo ganaTleba. ganaTlebis miRebaSi aravis ar unda SeeSalos xeli, erovnebis, rasis, sqesis, eT-nikuri warmomavlobis, qonebrivi mdgomareobis, religiuri kuTvnilebis an sxva statusis miuxedavad. yvela bavSvi val-debulia, miiRos dawyebiTi ganaTleba. saqarTvelos kanonmde-blobiT, yvelas aqvs ufaso zogadi ganaTlebis miRebis ufleba. saxelmwifo vauCeruli dafinansebiT uzrulvelyofs yvela mo-swavles. yvela bavSvisTvis ganaTlebis uflebis uzrunvelyo-fasTan erTad, saxelmwifo valdebulia, izrunos skolaSi mos-wavleTa usafrTxoebaze. amdenad, ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros, skolis administraciisa da maswavleblebis mova-leobaa, Seqmnan iseTi usafrTxo garemo, romelSic moswavleebi efeqtianad swavlas SeZleben. maSinac ki, rodesac moswavleebi disciplinuri darRvevebisTvis isjebian, maswavleblebma unda izrunon bavSvis adamianuri Rirsebis SenarCunebaze. magali-Tad, moswavle, romelic skolaSi gamudmebiT Cxubobs, skolis administaciam araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar unda daaSinos, ar unda miayenos mas fizikuri Tu sityvieri Seuracxyofa; aseve, dauS-vebelia sadamsjelo RonisZiebebis gatareba sxva moswavleebis TandaswrebiT.

saqarTvelo aris iseTi saerTaSoriso konvenciebis monawile qveyana, rogoricaa gaerTianebuli erebis adamianis ufleba-Ta sayovelTao deklaracia, adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropuli konvencia da aseve, bavSvTa uflebebis Sesaxeb konvencia. im sferoebSi, romelsac saqarT-

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velos kanonmdebloba ver faravs, bavSvis uflebebis dacvis TvalsazrisiT, saerTaSoriso konvenciebSi asaxuli debule-bebi unda iyos gaTvaliswinebuli.

bavSvTa uflebebis Sesaxeb konvenciis 29-e muxlis Tanaxmad, maswavleblebi unda daexmaron moswavleebs gonebriv da fizi-kur ganviTarebaSi. es niSnavs, rom moswavleebs unda mieceT swavlisa da dasvenebis saSualeba.

saskolo saswavlo gegma unda moicavdes samoqalaqo ganaTlebas. samoqalaqo ganaTleba moicavs rogorc ZiriTadi eTnikuri jgufis, aseve erovnuli umciresobebis, sxva erovnebe-bisa da eTnikuri dajgufebebis pativiscemis swavlas. samo-qalaqo ganaTlebis nawilia isic, rom moswavleebma iswavlon sakuTari kulturuli memkvidreobis, saxelmwifo enis, istoriis, tradiciebis da a.S. mniSvneloba. moswavleebma unda gaacnobi-eron erTmaneTis uflebebis dacvis mniSvnelobac. saqarTvelos xelisuflebam, Sesabamisi kanonmdeblobis SemoRebis gziT, unda uzrunvelyos umciresobaTa warmomadgeneli bavSvebis uflebe-bis dacva. am mizniT, saxelmwifom unda daicvas saerTaSoriso konvenciebiT nakisri valdebulebebi. aseTi valdebulebebis dacvis umTavresi garanti ki moqmedi kanonmdeblobis evropul standartebTan SesabamisobaSi moyvanaa.

saqarTvelos mosaxleobis umravlesoba marTlmadidebeli qristiania. Tumca, saqarTveloSi arsebobs sxva religiuri um-ciresobebi, romelTa pativiscemac saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi nebismieri adamianis valdebulebaa. saqarTveloSi cxovroben ebraelebi, musulmanebi, aramarTlmadidebeli qristianebi da a.S. dauSvebelia umciresobaTa am jgufebis warmomadgeneli bavS-vebis religiur ceremoniebSi, locvebSi, an marTlmadidebluri eklesiis msaxurebaSi iZulebiT CarTva.

rwmenis Tavisuflebis darRvevis magaliTia, rodesac maswav-lebelma klasidan gaagdo ebraeli moswavle im mizeziT, rom mas efara ebrauli religiuri Tavsaburavi.

msgavsi mopyroba ikrZaleba aramxolod saqarTvelos kon-stituciiTa da zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb kanoniT, aramed ada-mianis uflebebisa da fundamenturi Tavisuflebebis dacvis evropuli konvenciis me-9 muxliT (religiis Tavisufleba).

moswavleebi zogjer yvebian anekdotebs sxva eTnikur warmo-madgenlebze. Tu maswavlebeli klasSi aseT xumrobas gaigebs, aucileblad unda auxsnas moswavleebs, Tu ratomaa dauSve-beli amgvari saubari. maswavlebeli ar unda CaerTos aseT xum-robaSi da izrunos, rom aRar ganmeordes msgavsi saqcieli.

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saqarTveloSi saxelmwifo ena qarTulia. magram eTnikuri umciresobebis warmomadgenlebs, enobrivi barieris gamo, ara-viTar SemTxvevaSi ar unda eTqvas uari ganaTlebis miRebaze. maswavlebeli valdebulia, xeli SeuSalos moswavleebis mxri-dan mSobliur enaze saubris gamo maT dacinvasa da damcire-bas. maswavlebelma bavSvebs unda aswavlos tolerantoba da pativiscema eTnikuri Tu religiuri umciresobebis mimarT. maswavleblis mxridan dauSvebelia umciresobaTa warmomadgen-lebisTvis mSobliur enaze saubris akrZalva. maswavlebels mo-eTxoveba, daicvas maTi individualuri da koleqtiuri ufleba, SeinarCunon TavianTi kulturuli TviTmyofadoba.

sasurvelia, bavSvebTan da skolis administraciasTan erTad SemuSavdes damatebiTi daxmarebis programa maTTvis, visTvisac qarTuli araa mSobliuri ena.


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• maswavleblisTvis moswavleebis keTildReoba-ze zrunva aramxolod moraluri, aramed kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli movaleobaa;

• maswavlebelmaundaizrunosimaze,rommoswavlee-bi fizikurad usafrTxo saswavlo garemoSi imyofebod-nen. bavSvis usafrTxoebis dacva moicavs disciplinuri wesebis dacvas da skolis gareT bavSvis uflebebis Se-laxvis nebismier SemTxvevaze saTanado reagirebas;

• maswavlebelma unda izrunos bavSvis Rirsebisdacvaze, kargad unda icnobdes kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul moTxovnebs da yvela samarTlebrivi meqanizmi unda gamoiyenos bavSvis uflebebis dasacavad;

•dauSvebelia,maswavlebeligansxvavebuladmoepyrassxva erovnuli Tu religiuri umciresobebis warmo-madgeneli moswavleebs, maTi kanonieri interesebis sazianod.

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maswavleblis uflebebi da movaleobebi


1. ra aris maswavleblis profesiuli valdebuleba?

2. moswavlis Sesaxeb ra informacia unda Seinaxos maswavle-belma konfidencialurad?

3. ra unda gakeTdes, Tu skolaSi yofnis periodSi bavSvis usafrTxoebas safrTxe emuqreba?

4. ra zomebs unda mimarTos skolam da ganaTlebisa da mec-nierebis saministrom, raTa Tqveni, rogorc maswavleblis ufle-bebi iyos daculi?

saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro da, agreTve, skola, romelSic muSaobs maswavlebeli, pasuxismgebe-lia maswavleblebis uflebebis dacvaze.

maswavleblis ZiriTadi uflebebi CamoTvlilia `zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ kanonSi. maT Sorisaa, gamoxatvisa da Sekre-bis Tavisufleba, piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis ufleba,


ras moicavs maswavleblis uflebebi;

ras moicavs maswavleblis movaleobebi;

maswavlebelsa da moswavlesTan dakavSirebuli ra informacia unda iyos Senaxuli konfidencialurad.

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skolis marTvaSi monawileobis ufleba, swavlebisa da kvlevis akademiuri Tavisufleba da a.S.

• gamoxatvisTavisufleba -ufleba, moiZios,miiRos,Seqmnas, Seinaxos, daamuSaos an gaavrcelos garkveuli in-formacia an ideebi, aseve gamoiyenos skolis resursebi ase-Ti informaciisa da ideebis mosaZieblad, dasamuSaveblad an gasavrceleblad (zogadi ganaTkebis Sesaxeb kanonis me-14 muxli).

• swavlebisadakvlevisakademiuriTavisuflebaniS-navs moswavlis da maswavleblis uflebas, damoukideblad ganaxorcielon swavleba an kvleva im farglebSi, romelic ar ewinaaRmdegeba erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT dasaxuli miznebis miRwevas.

maswavleblebi sargebloben im sayovelTaod aRiarebuli

uflebebiTac, romlebic pirdapir ar aris miTiTebuli am kanonSi, magram gamomdinareobs saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobidan. Tavis mxriv, skola valdebulia, maswavlebels gaacnos misi uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi. maswavleblebis drouli informirebuloba Seamcirebs maTi uflebebis ukanonod SezRudvis SemTxvevebs.

yvela maswavlebels ufleba aqvs, Tanabar pirobebSi, yovelg-vari diskriminaciis gareSe, isargeblos kanonmdeblobiT dacu-li uflebebiTa da TavisuflebebiT.

qvemoT moyvanili SemTxveva naTlad aRwers maswavleblis mimarT diskriminaciuli mopyrobis faqts, ris safuZvelzec mas waerTva skolis marTvaSi monawileobis ufleba.

situacia 1.

nana 2 wlis manZilze aswavlida skolaSi ucxo enas. samuSaoze ayvanamde nanam amave skolaSi 1 wliani staJireba gai-ara. gaformebuli xelSekrulebis Tanaxmad, nana germanuli enis pedagogia. Tumca, mas skolis administraciis warmomadgenlebi kvlav staJiorad moixseniebdnen da am safuZvliT zRudavdnen mas maswavleblisTvis miniWebuli uflebebiT sargeblobaSi. mag. zemoaRniSnulis safuZvliT, nanas uari uTxres, monawileoba mieRo skolis sameurveo sabWos muSaobasa da arCevnebSi. unda aRiniSnos, rom skolis administracias aseTi damokidebuleba mxolod nanas mimarT gaaCnda.

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situaciis samarTlebrivi analizi:

SromiTi xelSekrulebis safuZvelze, nana dasaqmebuli iyo skolis maswavleblad. SromiT urTierTobaSi dauSvebelia ne-bismieri saxis diskriminaciuli mopyroba, rac araTanabar pi-robebSi ayenebs pirovnebas sxva dasaqmebulebTan SedarebiT. `zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ kanoni uflebas aniWebs maswav-lebels, romelic, amavdroulad, pedagogiuri sabWos wevria, gawevriandes sameurveo sabWoSi. sameurveo sabWos Semadgenlo-bis dakompleqteba xdeba arCevnebis gziT. amrigad, sameurveo sabWos arCevnebSi Tavisi kandidaturis wamoyenebis ufleba aqvs nebismier maswavlebels.

problemis gadawyvetis gza

maswavlebeli uflebamosilia, Tavisi uflebebis dasacavad gaasaCivros skolis nebismieri arasamarTlebrivi qmedeba. sko-lam unda Seqmnas saCivris ganxilvis efeqtiani da miukerZoe-beli sistema, rac, Tavis mxriv, darRveuli uflebebis dacvis erTgvar samarTlebriv garants warmoadgens. kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, skolaSi saCivrebis ganmxilveli organoa sameur-veo sabWo. dainteresebul pirs saCivari SeuZlia waradginos agreTve skolis direqtoris saxelzec. Tu miRebuli pasuxi ar iqneba damakmayofilebeli, maswavlebels ufleba aqvs, skolis xelmZRvanelobis ukanono qmedeba gaasaCivros ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministroSi. mniSvnelovania, rom maswavlebelma waradginos Tavisi dasabuTebuli pretenzia Sesabamis organoSi werilobiTi saxiT.

moqalaqeTa gancxadebebsa da saCivrebze, romlebic saminis-tros sistemaSi momxdar darRvevebs Seexeba, reagirebas axdens generaluri inspeqcia, saministros sistemaSi Semavali erT-erTi struqturuli qvedanayofi.

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*****

konfidencialoba mniSvnelovania maswavleblebisaTvis. ami-tom TanamSromlebs, moswavleebs, moswavleebis ojaxis wevrebs, sazogadoebisa da mediis warmomadgenlebs ar unda hqondeT SesaZlebloba, miiRon personaluri informacia maswavleblis Sesaxeb misi nebarTvis gareSe.

aseve, daculi unda iyos maswavleblis akademiuri uflebebi. saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobisa da ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros samarTlebrivi aqtebis Sesabamisad, maswavlebels ufleba aqvs, aswavlos Tavisi sagani (sagnobrivi jgufi) saxelm-wifos, saministros, religiuri organizaciebis an mSoblebis mxridan cenzuris gareSe.

dauSvebelia maswavlebelze zewola araakademiuri mizeze-bis gamo moswavlis Sefasebis Sedegebis Secvlis mizniT (mag. sazogadoebis gamoCenili wevrebis an TanamSromeli maswavle-blebis Svilebis niSnebis da sxv.).

maswavlebeli daculi unda iyos Zaladobisagan moswavlee-bis, TanamSromlebis, moswavleebis ojaxis wevrebis an sazoga-doebis sxva warmomadgenelTa mxridan. Zaladobis aRkveTisa da maswavleblis piradi usafrTxoebis uzrunvelsayofad gadaude-beli da aucilebeli zomebis miReba skolis valdebulebaa. maswavleblis usafrTxoebis dacva ki gulisxmobs sicocxlis, janmrTelobisa da sakuTrebis uflebis dacvasac. skolam yve-la Rone unda ixmaros Zaladobis faqtebis gamosavlenad da, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, samarTaldamcavi organoebis drouli informirebisaTvis.

momdevno situacia asaxavs SemTxvevas, rodesac maswavlebels Seelaxa SromiTi ufleba.

situacia 2.

leila aswavlida rusul enasa da literaturas erT-erT sajaro skolaSi 6 wlis manZilze. man gaimarjva saqarT-velos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrosa da ruseTis federaciis Sesabamisi uwyebis erTobliv programaSi, romlis farglebSic, is monawileobas miiRebda maswavleblis profe-siuli ganviTarebis programaSi ruseTis erT-erT umaRles sa-ganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaSi. ruseTis federaciaSi gamgza-vrebamde leila SeuTanxmda skolis direqtors, rom dabrunebis

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Semdeg kvlav gaagrZelebda Tavis Zvel klasTan muSaobas. Se-sabamisad, direqtorma gamosca brZaneba misTvis anazRaurebis gareSe Svebulebis micemis Sesaxeb.

1 trimestriani saganmanaTleblo programis warmatebiT dasrulebis Semdeg leila dabrunda skolaSi, sadac Seityo misi gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb. aRmoCnda, rom direqtorma igi brZanebis safuZvelze samsaxuridan daiTxova misi Svebulebis amowurvamde 2 kviriT adre.

kiTxva: kanonieri iyo Tu ara leilas gaTavisufleba?

situaciis samarTlebrivi analizi

direqtoris qmedeba arRvevs ”zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanoniT garantirebul maswavleblis uflebas ”aimaRlos kvalifikacia, risTvisac 6 weliwadSi erTxel ufle-bamosilia moiTxovos anazRaurebis gareSe Svebuleba 1 wlamde vadiT, samuSao adgilis SenarCunebiT”. (”zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonis 21-e muxlis pirveli punqtis ”g” qvepunqti), iseve rogorc, saqarTvelos Sromis kodeqss, romlis mixedviTac, dauSvebelia dasaqmebulTan xelSekrulebis moSla Svebulebis periodSi.

problemis gadawyvetis gzebi

leilas ufleba aqvs, mimarTos skolis direqtors da moiTx-ovos pirvandeli mdgomareobis aRdgena. aseT SemTxvevaSi, mi-marTvis forma werilobiTi unda iyos. Tu 14 dRis ganmavlobaSi direqtorma ar moaxdina reagireba gaTavisuflebuli maswavle-blis mimarTvaze, es ukanaskneli uflebamosilia, mimarTos sasa-marTlos da moiTxovos gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb direqtoris brZanebis baTilad cnoba da iZulebiT gacdenili drois gan-mavlobaSi xelfasis anazRaureba. mniSvnelovania, rom leilas SeuZlia mimarTos sasamarTlos misi gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb brZanebis oficialuri wesiT gacnobidan 1 Tvis ganmavlobaSi. am vadis nebismieri, Tundac sapatio mizeziT gacdenis SemTx-vevaSi sasamarTlo ar ganixilavs leilas sarCels.

qvemoT mocemuli situacia gansxvavdeba danarCeni magaliTe-bisgan, vinaidan aRwers iseT SemTxvevas, romlis gadawyvetis gza uSualod ar aris kanonmdeblobiT mowesrigebuli.

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situacia 3.

Tqven giorgis qarTuls aswavliT. mas yovelTvis probleme-bi aqvs yofaqcevaSi da davalebasac TiTqmis arasodes asru-lebs. Tqven skolis direqtors sTxovT, rom momaval kviras, gakveTilebis dasrulebis Semdeg daniSnos saerTo Sexvedra giorgis mSoblebTan. direqtori giorgis mamas uTanxmebs Sexve-dras momavali oTxSabaTisaTvis. Tumca giorgis mama TqvenTan dauyovnebliv Sexvedras gadawyvets. igi pirdapir Tqvens sak-laso oTaxSi Semodis. Tqven Sua gakveTilze xarT da mSobels sTxovT, gareT dagelodoT, vidre gakveTilebi damTavrdeba. giorgis mama uars ambobs gasvlaze da dauyovnebliv moiTxovs mis SvilTan dakavSirebuli problemebis ganxilvas.

rogori unda iyos skolis reaqcia msgavs SemTxvevaSi?aseT viTarebaSi skolis administracia ar unda Caerios mSob-

lisa da maswavleblis urTierTobaSi da Tavisufleba unda misces maT problemis mogvarebis procesSi, garda im SemTxve-visa, Tu mxareebi ver SeTanxmdnen situaciidan gamosavalze.

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rogor unda moiqces maswavlebeli?

am situaciaSi mniSvnelovani roli ekisreba maswavlebels, romlis iniciativac iyo mSobelTan erToblivi Sexvedris or-ganizeba. mniSvnelovania, rom aseTi situaciebis gadaWris gze-bi ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli kanonmdeblobiT da problemis mogvarebis tvirTi metwilad maswavlebels akisria. maswavle-belma mxedvelobaSi unda miiRos, rom mama aRelvebulia da dauyovnebliv moiTxovs masTan Sexvedras. SesaZlebelia, rom maswavleblis mxridan winaaRmdegobis gawevam metad gazardos mamis ukmayofileba, xolo klasSi myofi moswavleebi ar unda gaxdnen daZabuli viTarebis Semswreni. amrigad, dasaSvebia, mas-wavlebelma Sewyvitos saswavlo procesi da daTanxmdes mSo-bels gasaubrebaze klasis gareT. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi mas-wavlebelma amis Sesaxeb unda acnobos skolis administracias an, Tu SesaZlebelia, administraciis warmomadgenlis Tandaswre-biT gaesaubros aRelvebul mSobels.

*****

maswavlebeli sargeblobs aramxolod kanonmdeblobiT mini-Webuli uflebebiT, aramed mas ekisreba garkveuli movaleobe-bic. maswavleblis mier sakuTari profesiuli valdebulebe-bis jerovnad Sesruleba moicavs: moswavlisTvis xarisxiani ganaTlebis micemas, mis pirovnul ganviTarebasa da moqalaqeo-brivi cnobierebis Camoyalibebaze zrunvas, profesiuli eTikis dacvasa da sxv.

maswavleblis erT-erTi movaleobaa eTikurad da pasuxismge-blobiT moekidos sakuTar profesias. sazogadoebaSi maswav-lebeli erT-erTi yvelaze sando da pativsacemi pirovneba unda iyos. igi unda cdilobdes, gaamarTlos mSoblis molodini, rom Svilebi iReben xarisxian ganaTlebas usafrTxo da mzrunvel garemoSi. maswvlebeli unda icavdes saqarTvelos kanonmde-blobas, rogorc saswavlo procesis mimdinareobisas, ise sko-lis gareT.

maswavleblebi valdebulni arian, daicvan eTikis normebi moswavleebTan da mSoblebTan urTierTobisas. dauSvebelia misi mxridan moswavlisaTvis fizikuri zianis miyeneba, an iseTi qmedebis ganxorcieleba, rac safrTxes uqmnis bavSvis usafrTxoebas da laxavs mis Rirsebas. aseve, maswavlebelma ar unda miayenos moswavles sityvieri Seuracxyofa.

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situacia 1.

Tiko, meSvideklaseli gogona, klasSi dagvianebiT Sedis. ukve mexuTe dRea, rac Tiko, daaxloebiT, naxevari saaTiT igvianebs gakveTilze.

aRniSnuli situacia SeiZleba sxvadasxvanairad ganvi-Tardes:

1. maswavlebeli saklaso oTaxSi dagvianebiT Semosul Tikos damcinavad eubneba: `didi madloba, rom Semogvi-erTdi, Tiko. rame problema gaqvs, ris gamoc skolaSi droulad ver modixar? kargi moswavleebi, nebismieri problemis miuxedavad, yovelTvis axerxeben skolaSi droulad mosvlas. dagvianebiT mosvlas, sul nu mox-val...” cxadia, Tiko Sercxvenilia. is Cumad jdeba da gakveTilis ganmavlobaSi xmas saerTod ar iRebs.

2. maswavlebeli Tikos klasSi Sesvlis nebas rTavs. rodesac gakveTili mTavrdeba, is sxva moswavleebisagan calke ixmobs Tikos da ekiTxeba mizezs, romlis gamoc igi gakveTilebze agvianebs. Tiko uxsnis, rom mis sax-lTan avtobusis gaCerebis ganrigi Secvales da axla yoveli 10 wuTis nacvlad mxolod 20 wuTSi erTxel SeuZlia gamohyves transports. maswavlebeli madlobas uxdis Tikos axsna-ganmartebisaTvis da eubneba, rom uke-Tesia, Tu diliT ufro adre gamova saxlidan, raTa meti dro hqondes wamosasvlelad.

meore scenarSi maswavlebeli Tvlis, rom umjobesia, klasis winaSe ar gakicxos Tiko. calke esaubreba da igebs, rom bavSvs gansakuTrebuli garemoebis gamo uwevs klasSi dagvi-aneba. es exmareba maswavlebels, moaZebninos Tikos problemis gadasaWreli gzebi.

maswavleblis movaleobaa, miiRos Sesabamisi zomebi, Tu eWvs aiRebs moswavlis winaaRmdeg rame saxis ZaladobasTan dakavSirebiT. es moicavs informacias bavSvze mSoblis, maswav-

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leblis, nebismieri sxva pirisa Tu meore bavSvis mxridan ganx-orcielebuli Zaladobis Sesaxeb.

maswavleblis erT-erTi movaleobaa moswavlis ufleb-

is dacva konfidencialobasTan dakavSirebiT. imisaTvis, rom moswavleebma skolaSi Tavi usafrTxod da daculad igrZnon, maTi piradi informacia ar unda gaices sxva pirebze. infor-macia, romelsac maswavlebeli konfidencialurad unda inax-avdes, moicavs moswavleebis niSnebs, swavlasTan Tu qcevasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs. informacia moswavlis Sesaxeb ar unda gaices sxva moswavleebze da arc sxva pirebze mSoblebis, meur-vis, bebiisa da babuis garda, aseve arc sazogadoebis romelime warmomadgenelze, an im maswavleblebze, romlebic uSualod ar aswavlian moswavles, radgan maT ar SeuZliaT mopovebuli in-formaciis safuZvelze xeli Seuwyon moswavlis problemebis gadaWras da SeiZleba informacia mxolod arasasurveli miz-niT gamoiyenon.

situacia 2.

xaTuna maswavlebeli Sesvenebis dros samaswavlebloSi Se-dis. man es-esaa daasrula gakveTili, romlis msvlelobisas problema Seeqmna erT-erT moswavlesTan - TamarTan. Tamarma uari Tqva, Seesrulebina maswavleblis miTiTebebi da uxeSad Seepasuxa mas. xaTuna iZulebuli gaxda, direqtorisTvis moexmo, raTa moswavle klasidan daeTxova misi cudi qcevis gamo. ori maswavlebeli, romelic Tamars ar aswavlis da sxva bavSvis mSobeli, romelic skolaSia mosuli, samaswavlebloSi sxedan. bunebrivia, xaTuna gaRizianebulia. rodesac samaswavlebloSi Semodis, maswavleblebi ekiTxebian, ra moxda.

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aRniSnuli situacia SeiZleba sxvadasxvanairad ganviTardes, gTavazobT or variants:

1. xaTuna maswavlebeli iwyebs TamarTan dakavSire-buli problemis detalurad aRweras. is moswavles cu-dad axasiaTebs. erT-erTi maswavlebeli Tamaris gvars kiTxulobs da xaTunac pasuxobs. mogvianebiT, saxlSi dabrunebuli maswavleblebi ojaxebSi yvebian Tamaris Sesaxeb. samaswavlebloSi myofi mSobelic Tamaris de-das urekavs da uyveba momxdaris Sesaxeb.

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2. xaTuna maswavlebeli zogadad aRwers, rom ra-Rac problema hqonda moswavlesTan. is ar axsenebs moswavlis saxels da arc sxva informacias iZleva mis Sesaxeb.

meore SemTxveva maswavleblis swor reaqcias aRwers. deta-

luri informaciis gacema, rogoricaa, vTqvaT, moswavlis saxeli da gvari, moswavlis uflebis darRvevaa. maswavlebels mo-swavlis Sesaxeb informaciis ganxilva SeuZlia mxolod mSoblebTan, skolis xelmZRvanelobasa da im maswavleblebTan, romlebic aRniSnul moswavles aswavlian.

moswavlis Sesaxeb Canawerebi saimedo adgilas unda in-axebodes skolaSi. moswavlis Sesaxeb informacia xelmisawvdomi unda iyos mxolod skolis administraciis, skolis fsiqologe-bis, moswavlis maswavleblebis da mSoblebisaTvis.

moswavlis niSnebTan, iseve rogorc moswavlis mier Cadenil disciplinur darRvevebTan dakavSirebuli informaciac aseve konfidencialuria. saSinao davalebis, testebisa da gamocde-bis niSnebi mxolod moswavleebze da maT mSoblebze unda gaices. niSnebi, moswavleebis gvar-saxelebis TanxlebiT, ar unda gamoikras saklaso oTaxSi da arc xmamaRla unda gamocx-addes.

bevri potenciuri problema SeiZleba aviciloT Tavidan, Tuki moswavlis Sesaxeb informacia konfidencialurad Seinax-eba. magaliTad, es daicavs dabali niSnebis mqone moswavleebs da maTac, vinc disciplinuri gadacdoma Caidines, TanaklaselTa mxridan dacinvisagan. aseve, Tavidan agvacilebs moswavleTa dapirispirebas niSnebis Sedarebis safuZvelze da maswavleb-lis mier gamoyenebuli Sefasebis meTodebis eWvqveS dayenebas. agreTve, es xels Seuwyobs klasSi wesrigis SenarCunebas, raTa moswavleTa mxridan erTmaneTis niSnebis ganxilvam ar Seafer-xos saswavlo procesi.

moswavleebTan urTierTobaSi maswavlebeli aucileblad sa-marTliani da miukerZoebeli unda iyos. man ar unda ganasxvavos moswavleebi religiuri, eTnikuri, socialuri Tu genderuli niSniT.

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situacia 3.

gaga maswavlebeli istoriis gakveTilze yovelTvis svams SekiTxvebs. Cveulebriv, is im moswavlis pasuxs iRebs, romelic pirvelad awevs xels. klasSi biWebi ufro swrafad weven xels. Sesabamisad, maswavlebeli biWebs ufro xSirad aZlevs pasuxis gacemis saSualebas, vidre gogonebs. qeTis deda gaga maswavleb-els xvdeba da ekiTxeba, Tu ratom ar iZaxebs mis qaliSvils sapasuxod.

aRniSnuli situacia sxvadasxvanairad SeiZleba ganviTardes, magaliTad:

1. rodesac qeTis deda gagas ekiTxeba, Tu ratom ar iZaxebs gogonebs sapasuxod, gaga eubneba: ̀ ubralod, qeTi ufro swrafi unda iyos. Tu unda rom cxovrebaSi gam-oiyenos is, rasac swavlobs, isic unda iswavlos, rogor gamoiyenos.” gaga ganagrZobs misi strategiis gamoyenebas da kvlav gogonebTan SedarebiT swraf biWebs aZlevs pa-suxis gacemis saSualebas.

2. mSoblis SekiTxvis Semdeg gaga imave pasuxs scems. Tumca, mogvianebiT acnobierebs, rom marTlac, ZiriTadad, biWebis pasuxs iRebs, radgan isini pirvelebi weven xels. igi gadawyvets, rom kiTxvis dasmis Semdeg cota xniT daicados, raTa dainaxos, Tu ramden moswavles aqvs pa-suxi mzad. aRmoaCens, rom xSirad bevrma gogonam icis swori pasuxi, magram ufro mets yoymanobs sanam xels awevs. amis Semdeg igi moswavles aZlevs pasuxis gacemis SesaZleblobas.

Tqven ukve SegiZliaT, daubrundeT da upasuxoT am Tavis da-sawyisSi dasmul kiTxvebs

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• maswavleblis uflebebi daculi unda iyosganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrosa da adgilo-brivi skolis mier;

• mniSvnelovania,rom maswavleblebma icodnen saku-Tari uflebebis Sesaxeb, raTa, maTi darRvevis SemTx-vevaSi, dauyovneblad mimarTon uflebamosil organoebs;

• maswavlebelivaldebulia,izrunosbavSvisufle-

bebis dacvasa da usafrTxo da mzrunveli garemos Se-qmnaze;

• aseve,maswavlebelivaldebulia,saswavloproces-Si Tanabrad CarTos yvela bavSvi, miuxedavad misi sqe-sis, eTnikuri, religiuri, socialuri warmoSobisa da specialuri saWiroebisa.

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moswavlis uflebebi da valdebulebebi

gaecaniT qvemoT dasmul SekiTxvebs da dafiqrdiT pasuxebze: 1. ra unda gaakeTos maswavlebelma, skolam da ganaTlebisa

da mecnierebis saministrom bavSvis usafrTxoebis uzrunvel-sayofad?

2. ra unda moimoqmedos maswavlebelma da skolam bavSvis Sesaxeb informaciis konfidencialobis dasacavad?

3. ra zomebs unda mimarTos maswavlebelma bavSvis mier disciplinuri darRvevis SemTxvevaSi?

4. ra uflebebiT sargeblobs da ra movaleobebi ekisreba moswavles skolaSi?

5. ra saSualebebiT SeuZlia skolas xeli Seuwyos da da-icvas moswavlis gamoxatvis Tavisufleba?

moswavleebis uflebaa, iswavlon usafrTxo da dacul gare-moSi. saklaso oTaxSi Tu mis gareT, moswavleebi daculni unda iyvnen Zaladobisagan maswavleblebis, administraciis an sxva mo-swavleebis mxridan. maswavleblebma arasodes ar unda Seuqmnan


ras moicavs bavSvis uflebebi da valdebulebebi;

ras niSnavs gamoxatvis Tavisufleba;

ra unda gaakeTos skolam bavSvis uflebebis dasaca-vad.

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safrTxe moswavleebis keTildReobas da xeli unda SeuSalon moswavleebis CarTvas arakanonier Tu araeTikur qmedebebSi. Tu moswavle safrTxes grZnobs konkretuli maswavleblisgan, an im garemoSi, sadac imyofeba, amis Sesaxeb aucileblad unda acnobos skolis direqtors. skolis xelmZRvanelobis mova-leobaa, moaxdinos saTanado da drouli reagireba moswavlis saCivarze, moswavlis keTildReobis dasacavad.

moswavlis uflebaa, daculi iyos misi piradi saidumloeba: skola valdebulia, ar gaavrcelos moswavlis personaluri mo-nacemebi, garda amisa, dauSvebelia maT movTxovoT piradi in-formaciis gamJRavneba. metic, moswavlis akademiuri moswrebis Sesaxeb informacia disciplinuri monacemebisgan gancalkeve-biT unda inaxebodes.

unda aRiniSnos, rom TiToeuli moswavlis akademiuri mo-swrebis Sesaxeb monacemebi sajaro informaciaa. Tumca, maswav-lebelma imgvarad unda acnobos es informacia TiToeul mo-swavles, rom ar Seilaxos maTi Rirseba da damcirebulad ar igrZnon Tavi.

situacia 1.

nino mexuTe klaselebs aswavlis. misma moswavleebma es-esaa daweres testi maTematikaSi. giorgi ninos erT-erTi moswavlea. igi yovelTvis Znelad swavlobda maTematikas da kviraSi or-jer kerZo maswavlebelTan damatebiT mecadineobs. giorgi tes-tis Sedegebs elodeba.

1. maTematikis testis Semdeg nino klasis winaSe xma-maRla acxadebs TiToeuli moswavlis niSans. moswav-leebi, romlebmac kargi an umaRlesi Sefaseba miiRes, gaxarebulebi arian. rodesac maswavlebeli klasis wi-naSe ambobs, rom giorgim erTi qula miiRo, zogi mos-wavle mas TanagrZnobiT ucqers, zogi ki mis dacinvas iwyebs. giorgi cdilobs, TanaklaselebTan erTad gai-cinos, magram Tavs damcirebulad grZnobs. igi fiqrobs, rom maTematikis swavlas azri ar aqvs, radgan mTel mis Zalisxmevas mainc aseTi dabali qula da Tanaklaseleb-is garkveuli nawilis dacinva mosdevs.

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2. maTematikis testis Semdeg nino saTiTaod iZaxebs moswavleebs Tavis magidasTan, raTa aCvenos Sedegebi. igi moswavleebs eubneba, rom gakveTilis msvlelobisas erTmaneTTan ar unda ganixilon es niSnebi da rom niS-nebi piradi informaciaa. rodesac nino giorgis aCvenebs sakuTar niSans, mas Seaxsenebs, rom Sedegis gasaumjobese-blad kidev bevri muSaobaa saWiro da Tu giorgi ibe-jiTebs, niSani bevrad gaumjobesdeba. giorgi guldaw-yvetilia, magram gadawyvetilebas iRebs, kidev ufro meti imecadinos niSnis gamosasworeblad.

moswavleebs aqvT ufleba, mosTxovon maswavlebels an sko-

lis xelmZRvanelobas, ar gaamxilon maTi piradi informacia, arc janmrTelobis mdgomareobasTan dakavSirebuli probleme-bi unda iqnas ganxiluli sxva moswavleebTan an im maswavle-blebTan, romlebic aRniSnul moswavles uSualod ar aswav-lian.

sazogadoebrivi wesrigis iseTi darRvevisas, romelSic gamoy-enebulia iaraRi, moswavleebis Sesaxeb informacias xSirad iTx-oven masobrivi sainformacio saSualebebis warmomadgenlebi. aseT viTarebaSi maswavleblebsa da skolis administracias mar-TebT, Tavi Seikavon moswavlis Sesaxeb iseTi informaciis gavr-celebisgan, romelic laxavs mis Rirsebas, magaliTad, rogoricaa informacia moswavlis warsuli yofaqcevisa da disciplinuri monacemebis Sesaxeb. moswavlis mimarT nebismieri qmedebis ganx-orcielebisas an mis Sesaxeb informaciis gavrcelebisas dacu-li unda iyos bavSvis interesi. amrigad, maswavlebeli Tu sko-lis administraciis warmomadgeneli, unda iyos maqsimalurad koreqtuli moswavlis akademiuri moswrebisa da yofaqcevis Sesaxeb informaciis gamJRavnebis dros.

situacia 2.

daTo meaTeklaselebs aswavlis. orSabaT diliT, rodesac daTo skolaSi mivida, gaigo, rom misma moswavlem, beqam, sxva moswavlesTan iCxuba. Cxubis dros beqam daniT daWra meore moswavle, romelic axla saavadmyofoSi imyofeboda. mediis warmomadgenlebma Seityves momxdaris Sesaxeb da skolis ga-reT elodebian, Tu rodis daamTavrebs daTo muSaobas. gareT gamosul daTos Jurnalistebi kiTxvebs usvamen beqas yofaqce-

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visa da akademiuri moswrebis Sesaxeb.

gTavazobT aRniSnuli situaciis or SesaZlo dasasruls:

1 daTo Jurnalists uambobs, rom beqas rTuli xasia-

Ti aqvs da emociuri problemebi gauCnda mas Semdeg, rac dedamisi saberZneTSi wavida samuSaod. Semdeg amatebs, rom ar gakvirvebia beqas aseT incidentSi monawileobis ambavi.

2. daTo tele-Jurnalists eubneba, rom informacia moswavleebis Sesaxeb konfidencialuria da rom Jur-nalistebma oficialuri gancxadebisTvis skolis direq-tors an ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros ufle-bamosil warmomadgenels unda mimarTon.

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or moswavles Soris konfliqtis SemTxvevaSi mSoblebs Seu-ZliaT daukavSirdnen maswavleblebs da sTxovon informacia im moswavlis Sesaxeb, romelsac Cxubi mouvida maT SvilTan. maswavleblebma Tu skolis administraciam mSoblebTan erTad unda ganixilos mxolod SemTxvevis detalebi da ecadon, Tavi Seikavon iseTi informaciis gavrcelebisgan, romelic SeiZleba exebodes moswavlis akademiur moswrebasa da saerTo yofaqce-vas.

moswavleebs ufleba aqvT icodnen, Tu ra SemTxvevaSi da ra saxis disci plinuri saxdelebi gamoiyeneba konkretul skolaSi. moswavlis mimarT disci plinuri devna SeiZle-ba ganxorcieldes mxolod skolis SinaganawesiT dadgenili wesiT, romelic xelmisawvdomi unda iyos moswavlisa da mSob-lisTvis. moswavleebs ufleba aqvT skolis direqtors Tu skolis administraciis sxva warmomadgenels Sexvdnen ojaxis wevris TandaswrebiT. yvela saxis sadamsjelo RonisZiebis, gakveTilebze daswrebis droebiTi akrZalvis an skolidan mo-swavlis garicxvis Sesaxeb, unda ecnobos mSoblebs.

situacia 3.

luka xSirad qmnis problemebs skolaSi, euxeSeba maswavle-blebs da arRvevs qcevis wesebs. maswavleblebi ver axerxeben mis gamosworebas.

gTavazobT aRniSnuli situaciis or SesaZlo dasasruls:

1. maswavleblebis nawili skolis direqtors lukas garicxvis moTxovniT mimarTavs, radgan igi Slis sas-wavlo process da xels uSlis swavlaSi sxva moswav-leebs. direqtori Tanxmdeba, moswavles Tavis kabinetSi ibarebs da eubneba, rom aucileblad unda moiyvanos xval mSoblebi, raTa gaatanos skolidan misi sabuTebi.

2. maswavleblebi xvdebian skolis direqtors da moiTxoven, rom luka gairicxos. Tumca, lukas garicx-vamde, direqtori niSnavs Sexvedras mis mSoblebTan da lukas yvela maswavlebelTan. aRmoCnda, rom wlis dasaw-yisSi lukas mSoblebi erTmaneTs gascildnen da bavSvis saqcieli swored amis Semdeg Seicvala. agreTve, lukas

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ramdenime maswavlebeli ambobs, rom luka maTTan wesi-erad iqceva. isini kolegebs uziareben zogierT strate-gias, romlis saSualebiTac axerxeben lukasTan dadebiT urTierTobas. direqtori, maswavleblebi da lukas deda Tanxmdebian, mimarTon imave strategiebs da ar iCqaron garicxvis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miReba.

meore variantis mixedviT, vidre skola iseT radikalur gad-

awyvetilebas miiRebs, rogoricaa moswavlis skolidan garicxva, aucilebelia, Seiswavlon saqmesTan dakavSirebuli yvela faqti da problemis gamomwvevi mizezebi. am principiT, lukas sakuTari saqcielis gamosworebis, xolo maswavlebels problemis gamom-wvev mizezebTan brZolis Sansi mieca.

kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad, moswavlis skolidan garicxvis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRebis ufleba aqvs skolis discip-linur komitets. es gadawyvetileba unda iyos dasabuTe-buli da yvela faqtobrivi garemoebis srulyofili Seswav-lis Sedegad gamotanili.

saqarTvelo icavs bavSvTa uflebebis konvencias. am kon-venciis Tanaxmad, saxelmwifo valdebulia, daicvas bavSvebis gamoxatvis ufleba da aseve, konvenciis me-12 muxlis mixedviT, bavSvs ufleba aqvs misi azri moisminon nebismieri sasamarT-lo an administraciuli ganxilvis dros, masTan dakavSirebul saqmeze. gaerTianebuli erebis bavSvTa uflebebis konvencia da adamianis uflebebis sayovelTao deklaracia aRniSnavs, rom adamianis fundamenturi uflebaa gamoxatvis Tavisufleba. skolebma unda uzrunvelyon bavSvis gamoxatvis Tavisu-flebis ara mxolod dacva, aramed am uflebis ganxorcielebisT-vis xelis Sewyobac. qvemoT moyvanilia ramdenime magaliTi imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra RonisZiebebi unda gaataros skolam moswavlis gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis dasacavad:

• pativiscemaimmoswavleebismimarT,romlebsacsxvamoswavleebisagan an maswavleblisagan gansxvavebuli azri gaaCniaT konkretul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT;

• tolerantulobisakenmowodebadaimmoswavleebisazris miReba, romlebic umravlesobis azrs ewinaaRmdege-bian;

• sakamaTosakiTxebTandakavSirebuliSemoqmedebiTiwerilobiTi samuSaos micema;

• sadebatoklubisSeqmnisxelSewyoba,romelicsa-Sualebas miscems moswavleebs, maswavleblis meTvalyureo-

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bis qveS ganixilon sxvadasxva Tema;• maswavleblebsSeuZliaTwamoiwyondiskusiasaka-

maTo sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT istoriidan, an mimdinare movlenebis Sesaxeb. maswavlebelma moswavleebs unda aswav-los saklaso diskusiis warmarTvis meTodebi da wesebi (mag. yvela moswavle pativiscemiT usmens erTmaneTs; ar das-cinian gansxvavebuli azris mqone Tanaklasels da a.S.);

• kulturulmemkvidreobasTandakavSirebiT,gansaz-Rvrul dReebSi prezentaciebis mowyoba moswavleebis mier sakuTari religiis, enis, eTnikuri warmomavlobis, ojaxuri tradiciebis Tu sxva sakiTxebis Sesaxeb.

ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro da skola pasux-ismgebelia daicvas bavSvi rasobrivi, religiuri, eTnikuri, erovnuli an socialuri diskriminaciisagan. moswavleebsac aseve akisriaT gansazRvruli valdebulebebi. isini regularu-lad unda daeswron gakveTilebs, droulad gamocxaddnen sko-laSi da ecvaT saswavlo procesis Sesaferisad. moswavleebi pativiscemiT unda moepyran maswavleblebsa da Tanaklaselebs, ar unda Selaxon sxvisi uflebebi da kanonieri interesebi. agreTve, moswavleebi unda daemorCilon skolis mier SemoRe-bul disciplinur wesebs.

situacia 4.

nika gamoirCeoda Tavisi sicelqiT. is gansakuTrebiT mousve-nari iyo maTematikis gakveTilze. maTematikas aswavlida axali maswavlebeli. maswavlebelma nikas saqcielis Sesaxeb Seatyo-bina mSobels. nikam im saRamos sayveduric daimsaxura mamisagan. meore dRes, maTematikis gakveTilis msvlelobisas, nika cdilob-da, gakveTili wamoZaxilebiTa da saswavlo nivTebis sroliT CaeSala. man celqobaSi aiyolia ramdenime Tanaklaseli. xolo rodesac maswavlebelma mouwoda maT disciplinisken, nikam fexis dartymiT daaziana klasis wignebis karada.

problemis gadaWris SesaZlo varianti:

maTematikis maswavlebelma mimarTa direqtors TxovniT, rom moewviaT nikas mSoblebi da maTTan erTad moexdinaT Sesa-bamisi reagireba momxdar faqtTan dakavSirebiT. direqtorma daakmayofila maswavleblis Txovna da meore dRisTvis daibares nikas mSoblebi. Sexvedras eswreboda nikac. direqtorma moismina

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nikasgan axsna-ganmarteba aseTi saqcielis mizezebis Sesaxeb. amis Semdeg, nikas ganemarta misi ufleba-movaleobebis Sesaxeb, romelic gulisxmobda skolis sakuTrebis gafrTxilebasa da sas-wavlo procesis CaSlis dauSveblobasac. SinaganawesiT dadge-nili wesiT, skolis direqtorma 2 dRiT daiTxova nika skolidan.

mocemuli magaliTi imis dasturia, rom moswavles gaaCnia uflebebi da, amavdroulad, ekisreba movaleobebi, romelTa Seusrulebloba warmoadgens skolis mier dadgenili qcevis wesebis darRvevas da iwvevs moswavleze Sesabamisi pasuxismge-blobis zomebis dakisrebasac. skola valdebulia, gamoiyenos disciplinuri zomebi mxolod skolis Sinaganawesisa da kanon-mdeblobis moTxovnebis Sesabamisad.

Tqven ukve SegZliaT, daubrundeT am Tavis dasawyisSi das-mul kiTxvebs da gasceT pasuxebi


• moswavleebsaqvTufleba,iswavlondaculdausa-frTxo garemoSi;

• akademiurwinsvlaSimoswavleebsZalianexmare-baT imis codna, rom maswavleblebi maT pativs scemen;

• maswavleblebi da ganaTlebisa da mecnierebissaministro unda icavdnen moswavleebis Sesaxeb konfi-dencialur informacias;

• moswavleebmaundadaicvanganaTlebisadamec-nierebis saministros, aseve adgilobrivi skolis mier dadgenili disci plinuri wesebi da pativi scen Tanaklaselebis, maswavleblebisa da skolis xelmZR-vanelebis uflebebs.

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mSoblisa da maswavleblis urTierToba

gaecaniT qvemoT dasmul SekiTxvebs da dafiqrdiT pasuxebze: 1. ras gulisxmobs mSoblebTan kargi komunikacia? 2. daasaxeleT komunikaciis ramdenime efeqturi strategia,

romelsac mSoblebTan urTierTobisas iyenebT; 3. daasaxeleT saskolo RonisZiebebi, romlebSic SesaZlebe-

lia mSoblebis CarTva;4. ra wesebi unda daicvaT saskolo RonisZiebebSi mSoblebis

CarTvisas?5. ra xerxs mimarTavT, roca mSobeli ukmayofiloa bavSvis

akademiuri miRwevebiT? 7. ra xerxs unda mimarToT, roca mSobeli ar aris aqti-

uri da Svilis saganmanaTleblo procesSi saerTod ar iRebs monawileobas?

8. ra roli ekisreba mSobels bavSvis mier disciplinis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi?


ra mniSvneloba aqvs mSoblisa da maswavleblis urTierTobas;

ra strategiebs unda mimarTos maswavlebelma mSoblebTan TanamSromlobiTi urTierTobebis dasamyare-blad;

ra movaleobebi ekisrebaT mSoblebs saswavlo procesSi monawileobisas;

ra mniSvneloba aqvs mSoblis saskolo cxovrebaSi CarTulobas.

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*****

mSoblisa da maswavleblis kargi urTierToba xels uwyobs moswavlis warmatebas, zrdis da aZlierebs mis TviTSefasebas. Tu bavSvma icis, rom mSobeli dainteresebulia Svilis akademi-uri warmatebiT, es dadebiTad moqmedebs mis motivaciaze. sko-lam unda uzrunvelyos mSoblis ufleba, rom periodulad mi-iRos axali monacemebi bavSvis akademiuri moswrebisa Tu qcevis Sesaxeb. agreTve im moTxovnebis Sesaxeb, romlis dakmayofile-bac bavSvs swavlis procesis gasaumjobeseblad sWirdeba.

kargi komunikaciis unari warmatebuli urTierTobis wina-pirobaa. komunikaciis waxalisebis sxvadasxva xerxi arsebobs. umjobesia, maswavlebelma amaze saswavlo wlis dasawyisidanve izrunos. acnobeT mSoblebs momavali saklaso RonisZiebebis, saSinao davalebebis Sesrulebis xarisxis, Tqveni molodinisa da klasis organizebis sakiTxebis Sesaxeb.

yovelTvis gaacaniT mSoblebs bavSvis dadebiTi Sedegebi. es saSualebas miscems maT, rom Seaqon bavSvi. amiT ki bavSvs TviTSefaseba aumaRldeba.

situacia 1.

levani Zalian bevrs muSaobs, magram misi akademiuri moswreba dabalia.

gTavazobT aRniSnuli situaciis or SesaZlo gagrZelebas.

1. maswavlebeli levans eubneba, rom man ufro meti unda imuSaos, raTa misi moswreba sxva moswavleebis mo-swrebas gautoldes. maswavlebeli mas werils atans mSoblebTan. werilis Sinaarsi ZiriTadad levanis uSedego mcdelobasa da Sromas exeba. werilma mSoblebi daafiqra, maT levans usayvedures da urCies, rom ufro meti imuSaos.

2. maswavlebeli werilSi xazs usvams levanis karg samuSao Cvevebsa da qcevas klasSi, Tumca paralelurad saubrobs mis problemazec. mSoblebs eamayebaT bavSvis sibejiTe da am saimayis mizezs masac uziareben. meore dRes gakveTilze dabrunebuli levani bednieria da mas-wavlebels eubneba, rom mSoblebi gaxarebulebi arian misi miRwevebiT.

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pirvel magaliTSi, werili damTrgunveli aRmoCnda rogorc mSoblebis aseve levanisTvis. meore magaliTSi, mSoblebmac da pedagogmac ician levanis akademiuri sisustis Sesaxeb, magram orive mxare erTad muSaobs mis wasaxaliseblad da motivaci-is kidev ufro asamaRleblad. TiTqos didi araferi gaukeTe-bia maswavlebels. man mxolod werili gaugzavna mSoblebs da misi kargi muSaobis Cveva Seafasa. magram misi Sromis aRiareba dadebiTad imoqmedebs levanze da mis motivacias ufro aamaR-lebs.

problemis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi aucileblad CaayeneT saqmis

kursSi mSoblebi. daukavSirdiT maT problemis gamwvavebamde. mSobelze uaryofiTad moqmedebs, roca xedavs, rom problema didi xania arsebobs da man amis Sesaxeb araferi icis.

wlis ganmavlobaSi ramdenjerme moiwvieT mSoblebi bavSvis miRwevebis gansaxilvelad. xSirad gaugzavneT werili da aux-seniT Tqveni sagnis miznebi, ZiriTadi amocanebi, bavSvis prob-lemebi da miRwevebi.

kargad Camoyalibebuli komunikacia Zalian mniSvnelovania mSoblisa da maswavleblis urTierTobaSi. mSobelTan pirispir saubari urTierTobis awyobis erT-erTi efeqturi formaa, rad-gan es safuZvlad daedeba erTobliv muSaobas saerTo miz-nis misaRwevad. mSobelTan Sexvedris warmatebulad warmarT-visTvis mizanSewonilia ramdenime aucilebeli wesis dacva. magaliTad, sasurvelia, Tu gamorTavT mobilur telefons, an gadaiyvanT Cum reJimSi. amiT xazi gaesmeba Tqveni saubris mniS-vnelobas da mSoblis mimarT pativiscemas. saubrisTvis air-CieT iseTi oTaxi, sadac SegiZliaT kari CaketoT. amiT daanaxebT, rom Tqveni saubari konfidencialuria da xels SeuwyobT gulwrfeli, uSualo damokidebulebis gaCenas. yov-elTvis gulTbilad SexvdiT mSobels. organizebuloba Sexve-dras ufros saqmian elfers SesZens. winaswar moamzadeT gansax-ilveli sakiTxebis CamonaTvali da, Tu konkretuli davalebis Sesruleba an saxelmZRvanelos aTviseba uZneldeba moswavles, Tan iqonieT es naSromi an saxelmZRvanelo. moswavlis naSromis gamoyeneba kargi saSualebaa problemis naTlad demonstrire-bisTvis.

mSobelma unda igrZnos, rom Tqven emzadebodiT masTan Ses-axvedrad. Tu mSobeli nerviulobs, SegiZliaT sxvadasxva xerxs mimarToT, raTa man Tavi ufro Tavisuflad igrZnos. magali-

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Tad, SegiZliaT oriveni moswavlis magidasTan dasxdeT sasau-brod. Tu erT-erTi mosaubre nerviulobs da mosaubreebs Soris rame barieria, magaliTad, magida, es undoblobis moments ufro zrdis. amitom, umjobesi iqneba, mSobelTan Tanabari pozicia daikavoT. sasurveli iqneba, Tu saubris dasawyisSive agrZnobin-ebT bavSvis mimarT Tqvens mzrunvelobasa da dadebiT damok-idebulebas. problemis wamoWramde mokled SeajameT moswavlis Zlieri mxareebi. mSobels, ra Tqma unda, eamayeba Svilis miRweve-bi. roca maswavlebeli saubars sayveduriT da SeniSvniT iwyebs, Sexvedris toni ormxivad TavdacviTi xdeba. mSobeli SesaZloa daeWvdes misi Svilisadmi Tqvens keTilganwyobaSi. gaxsovdeT, rom moswavleebi, celqebi da daumorCileblebi, viRacis say-vareli Svilebi arian. mSoblebi modian im imediT, rom Svilis warmatebebsa da dadebiT mxareebze moismenen informacias. Tqven unda agrZnobinoT, rom keTilganwyobili xarT da zrunavT mos-wavlis dadebiTi unarebis ganviTarebaze.

yuradRebiT mousmineT mSobels. mxedvelobaSi miiReT maTi problemebi. magaliTad, SeiZleba man SemogCivloT, rom uWirs drois gamoZebna imisTvis, rom Svils wigni akiTxos. am situa-ciaSi SeiZleba upasuxoT: `me vici, rom rTulia drois gamonax-va. iqneb scadoT da sTxovoT bavSvs, xmamaRla waikiTxos, sanam Tqven sadils amzadebT”. aseTi pasuxi agrZnobinebs mSobels, rom Tqven gesmiT misi da cdilobT, daexmaroT problebis gad-aWraSi.

ecadeT, Sexvedrisas sasaubrod meti dro dauTmoT mSoblebs. dauxateT konkretuli situacia da rCevac hkiTxeT. amiT xazs gausvamT maT kompetenturobas da xels SeuwyobT TanamSromlo-biTi urTierTobis ganmtkicebas. mSoblebs gansakuTrebiT ain-teresebT konkretuli detalebi da TiTqmis yovelTvis eqnebaT kiTxvebis dasmis da wuxilis gamoTqmis survili.

mSobelTan saubris dros moiyvaneT konkretuli magaliTebi moswavlis miRwevebis an qcevis dasaxasiaTeblad. Tavi aarideT cal-saxa daxasiaTebas, magaliTad, `daTo sustia maTematikaSi~. amis nacv-lad moiyvaneT konkretuli magaliTi: `wina kviraSi daTos Zalian gauWirda orniSna ricxvebis Sekreba da ver moaxerxa davalebis dasruleba~. daanaxeT mSobels, rom Tqven konkretul problemas ebrZviT da ara bavSvs.

nu dautovebT mSobels STabeWdilebas, rom Tavs axvevT Tqvens azrs. misTvis cxadi unda iyos, rom masTan erTad cdilobT prob-lemis gadaWras. `Tqven unda aiZuloT daTo, rom meti imuSaos saRa-moobiT~,- amis nacvlad, umjobesi iqneba, ase mimarToT: `Tqveni naTq-

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vamidan gamomdinare, vfiqrob, upriani xom ar iqneba, daTos yovel saRamos damatebiT 10 wuTi axali sityvebisTvis rom daeTmo?~

problemis gamwvavebis SemTxvevaSic ki Tavi SeikaveT mSoblis dadanaSaulebisgan. es Sedegs ar mogitanT, mSobels TavdacviT poziciaSi gadaiyvans da, SesaZloa, aRarc mogisminoT.

SeecadeT, ar gamoiyenoT pedagogiuri terminologia. ila-parakeT martivi da yvelasTvis gasagebi eniT. Tu azris gad-mosacemad romelime pedagogiuri Teoriis moSvelieba gWird-ebaT, SeecadeT, gasageb enaze axsnaT.

daasruleT saubari imedismomcem da pozitiur notaze. dasaxeT miznebi. SeajameT, rogor SeuZlia mSobels daxmarebis gaweva. axseneT Semdgomi gegmebi. gaagebineT mSobels, rom misi mxardaWera saWiro da aucilebelia.

Tu mSobels moswavlis disciplinuri problemis gamo ibarebT, mniSvnelovania garkveuli strategiis SemuSaveba. erT-erT strategiad SeiZleba qcevis aRwera CaiTvalos.

situacia 2.

goga niWieri bavSvia da gansakuTrebiT xelmokle ojax-Si izrdeba. maswavlebelma gaigo, rom is sxva bavSvebs paravs fuls, fanqrebs da sxva wvrilman nivTebs. erT dRes fanqris saTleli, romelic sxva moswavles ekuTvnoda, gogas CanTidan gadmovarda.

gTavazobT aRniSnuli situaciis sam SesaZlo dasasruls.

1. am incidentze klasma Tvali daxuWa, radgan yve-lam icis, rom gogas ojaxi Zalian xelmoklea da amitom gadawyvites, ar SeemCniaT. saTleli moswavles daubrunes. es ambavi arc gogas mSoblebs Seatyobin-es.

2. goga galanZRes klasis winaSe da aiZules eTq-va, rom aRarasodes iqurdebda. mSoblebi daibares da uTxres, rom raRac unda iRonon, radgan bavSvs aSkarad problema aqvs. mSoblebi ver ijereben da fiqroben, rom maswavlebelma Secdoma dauSva. aman mSobelsa da mas-wavlebels Soris urTierToba Zalian daZaba. mSoblebs darCaT STabeWdileba, rom maswavlebeli gogas mudam aviwrovebs.

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3. maswavlebeli gakveTilis Semdeg daelaparaka go-gas da mSvidad hkiTxa, ratom moipara saTleli. gogam Tqva, rom mas undoda es nivTebi, magram mis ojaxs ar hqonda fuli. maswavlebelma TanaugrZno, magram auxsna, ratom ar iyo am nivTebis miRebis swori gza qurdoba. goga gaafrTxiles, rom qurdobis gameorebis SemTxveva-Si, mis mSoblebs Seatyobinebdnen. ramdenime dRis Semdeg isev gaqra ramdenime nivTi. dakarguli nivTebi gogas nivTebSi ipoves. maswavlebelma uTxra gogas, rom is Zalian uyvars da Tvlis, rom Zalian didi potencia-li aqvs, magram am meore SemTxvevis gamo iZulebu-lia, mSoblebs Seatyobinos. gogas mSoblebi movidnen. mSoblebTan saubris dasawyisSi maswavlebelma ganixila gogas miRwevebi da mxolod Semdeg ganixila proble-muri situacia. man aCvena ramdenime moparuli nivTi. Tav-dapirvelad gogas deda acxadebda, rom ar SeiZleboda amis Camdeni misi Svili yofiliyo. Semdeg gogas sTx-oves, Semosuliyo. gogas dedam hkiTxa, moipara Tu ara es nivTebi. gogam aRiara. amis Semdeg mSoblebma, moswavlem da maswavlebelma erTad ganixiles, ra zomebs miiRebd-nen qurdobis ganmeorebiT Cadenis Tavidan asacileblad, an Cadenis SemTxvevaSi.

pirveli midgoma bavSvs arafriT exmareba. qurdobis Cvevis gamomuSaveba arc misTvisaa kargi da arc sazogadoebisTvis. problemis aseTi saxiT gadawyveta mSoblebsac ar aZlevs sa-Sualebas, auxsnan bavSvs, ratom aris qurdoba cudi. meore vari-antic uSedegoa, radgan bavSvis sxvebis winaSe Seuracxyofa bavSvis TviTSefasebaze cudad imoqmedebs da mas TanatolebSi undoblobisa da dacinvis obieqtad aqcevs. mesame midgoma, ra Tqma unda, yvelaze Sedegiania. am SemTxvevaSi maswavlebeli cdilobs problemis gadaWras jer meore Sansis micemiT da bavSvTan qurdobis mizezis ganxilviT. roca situacia meor-deba, mSoblebs mxolod maSin iwvevs da uxsnis, ra zomebi mi-iRo pirvel SemTxvevaSi da qurdobis damatkicebeli sabuTic mohyavs. is, aseve, maqsimalurad ecada, gaekritikebina danaSauli da ara bavSvi. man isaubra gogas sxva pirovnuli Rirsebebis Sesaxeb, magram gaakritika da dagmo qurdoba. yvelaze mniS-vnelovani ki isaa, rom man SeZlo problemis mSoblebisTvis iseTi formiT miwodeba, rom SesaZlebeli gaxdes problemis erToblivad gadawyveta.

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mSobeli movalea, akontrolos gakveTilebze bavSvis yovel-dRiuri daswreba. moswavlis saganmanaTleblo procesi mx-olod misi skolaSi yofniT ar Semoifargleba. igi, Cveulebriv, saSinao davalebebsa da sxva damatebiT aqtivobebsac moicavs, romelTa warmatebiT ganxorcielebac xSirad swored mSoble-bzea damokidebuli.

situacia 3.

irakli skolidan brundeba. inglisurSi davalebad mokle moTxrobis wakiTxva da misi erTgverdiani Sinaarsi aqvs dasaweri. iraklis sakmaod uWirs inglisuris swavla. saxlSi deda davalebis Sesrulebas sTxovs.

aRniSnuli situacia SeiZleba ornairad ganviTardes:

1. erTaderTi magida, romelTanac iraklis Seu-Zlia muSaoba, saerTo oTaxSia. bebia serials uyurebs da iraklis televizoris xmauri xels uSlis. umcrosi Zmac xmauriT darbis saxlSi. irakli mTeli saaTi zis da cdilobs, moTxroba waikiTxos, magram erTi da im-ave abzacis wakiTxva bevrjer uwevs imis gamo, rom ver axerxebs yuradRebis koncentracias. bolos gadawyvets, rom Tavi daanebos davalebis Sesrulebas.

2. irakli eubneba dedas, rom saerTo oTaxSi xmau-ris gamo ar SeuZlia davalebis Sesruleba. deda patara magidas poulobs da iraklis oTaxSi dgams, xuravs kars da umcros Svils arigebs, rom oTaxSi ar Sevides, vidre misi Zma davalebas ar Seasrulebs. irakli moTxrobis kiTxvas 45 wuTSi amTavrebs da Sinaarsi TiTqmis gasage-bia. mas ukve SeuZlia daweros Txzuleba da meore dRes maswavlebels aCvenos davaleba.

meore scenari ukeTesi magaliTia. moswavlisaTvis mSvidi ga-remos Seqmna davalebis Sesrulebis aucilebeli pirobaa. mSob-lis Carevis gareSe iraklis davaleba Sesasrulebeli darCe-boda.

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mSoblebma SeiZleba aqtiuri roli iTamaSon saerTo sasko-lo problemis gadawyvetaSi, Tanxebisa da sxva saWiro resurse-bis moZiebaSi. skolam unda uzrunvelyos mSoblis ufleba, pira-dad an arCeuli warmomadgenlis meSveobiT, monawileoba miiRos skolis marTvaSi. skolis cxovrebaSi aqtiuri monawileobis misaRebad, mSobels yovelTvis SeuZlia gamoiTxovos skolaSi daculi nebismieri sajaro informacia.

skolis marTvaSi an saskolo RonisZiebebSi mSoblis CarT-vis ramdenime gza arsebobs. mniSvnelovania, rom mSoblebi erTiandebian skolis sameurveo sabWoSi, romelic skolis TviTmmarTvelobis umaRlesi arCeviTi organoa. garda amisa, mSoblebs ufleba aqvT, Camoayalibon organizacia da skolam pativi unda sces maT gadawyvetilebas. agreTve skola ar unda Caerios mSobelTa gaerTianebis saqmianobaSi.

yvela skolaSi moiZebneba Zalian aqtiuri mSoblebi, magram skolis mimarT naklebad keTilganwyobili mSoblebis CarTvis mcdelobac SeiZleba Sedegiani aRmoCndes. dedebi, mamebi, bebia da babua SegiZliaT moxaliseebad CarToT saskolo RonisZiebebSi. es bavSvis swavlisadmi interesis demonstrirebas axdens da moswavlis TviTSefasebas amaRlebs. mSoblis saskolo cxovre-baSi CarTvam bavSvis akademiuri SesaZleblobebic ki SeiZleba gaaumjobesos. ganaTleba aris procesi, romelic moicavs Tanam-Sromlobas skolas, moswavleebsa da mSoblebs Soris.

SegiZliaT daubrundeT am Tavis dasawyisSi mocemul kiTx-vebs da upasuxoT maT.

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• saswavlo procesis efeqturad warmarTvisTvisdidi mniSvneloba aqvs mSobelsa da maswavlebels So-ris TanamSromlobiT urTierTobas;

• maswavlebels,efeqtianistrategiebisgamoyenebiT,SeuZlia waaxalisos mSoblebi da CarTos isini sas-wavlo procesSi;

• saubrisas,sasurvelia,jerdaarwmunoTmSobeli,rom keTilganwyobili xarT misi Svilis mimarT da mxolod amis Semdeg gadaxvideT problemur sakiTxze;

• gaxsovdeT,romxSiradmSoblissaskolocxovre-baSi saTanado CarTuloba dadebiT gavlenas axdens bavSvis motivaciis amaRlebaze.

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TanamSromlebTan urTierToba


1. ras gulisxmobs keTilganwyobili profesiuli urTier-Toba?

2. kolegebTan konfliqtis gadaWris ra strategiebi arse-bobs?

3. ramdenad detalurad unda icnobdes direqtori skolaSi arsebul situacias da mimdinare procesebs?

4. ratom aris mniSvnelovani konfidencialobis dacva sas-kolo garemoSi?


ramdenad mniSvnelovania keTilganwyobili samuSao urTierToba skolis personalTan (direqtori, maswavle-beli da sxva);

ra unda gaiTvaliswinos pedagogma konfliqtur da problemur situaciebSi;

ramdenad gansazRvravs TanamSromlebTan urTierTobis formebi pedagogis profesionalizms.

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*****TanamSromlebsa da skolis sxva personals Soris keTil-

ganwyobili TanamSromlobiTi urTierToba maswavleblebisa Tu moswavleebisTvis pozitiuri saswavlo garemos Seqmnis wina-pirobaa. maswavleblebs Soris uaryofiTma damokidebulebam SeiZleba ziani miayenos moswavlis miRwevebs da xeli SeuSa-los xarisxiani saswavlo procesis warmarTvas. skolis saerTo warmateba keTilganwyobil/TanamSromlobiT profe-siul urTierTobazea damokidebuli. erTi Zveli iaponuri anda-za ambobs: àrc erTi Cvengani ar aris iseTi gonieri, rogorc Cven yvelani erTad~. erTad muSaoba samuSaos datvirTvas am-subuqebs. maswavleblis erT-erTi movaleobaa, aRiaros da pa-tivi sces TanamSromelTa uflebebs. sasurvelia, Tu pativiscema

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aisaxeba rogorc uSualod qmedebaSi (mag. daxmarebis gaweva), aseve sasaubro leqsikaSi.

pedagogma yovelTvis unda gamoiCinos profesionalizmi. es,

Sesabamis codnasTan erTad, gulisxmobs misabaZ qcevas skolaSi da mis kedlebs gareT, Sesaferis Cacmis stils, mzaobas axali ideebisTvis, samarTlian da seriozul damokidebulebas saqmi-anobaSi da konfidencialobis dacvas bavSvebTan, mSoblebTan da kolegebTan urTierTobaSi.

maswavlebeli aqtiurad unda iyos CarTuli skolis profesiuli garemos Seqmnasa da SenarCu-nebaSi. saamisod saWiroa komunikaciis garkveuli strategiebis codna. Tu TanamSromelTan urT-ierTobaSi mainc gaCndeba konfliqturi situacia, maswavlebelma problemis mogvareba mxolod masTan, sxva TanamSromlebisgan damoukideblad unda SeZlos. konfidencialobis dacva xels Seu-wyobs SemdgomSi urTierTobis gamosworebas.

situacia 1

mariami skolaSi 7 weli muSaobda. Teona ori wlis win movida. maT Soris konfliqti saklaso oTaxTan dakavSire-biT wamoiWra. orive pedagogs erTi da imave saklaso oTaxis gamoyeneba uwevdaT, oRond sxvadasxva saaTebSi. mariamma dainaxa, rom Teonas masalebi misTvis gankuTvnil sivrceze mets ikaveb-da. garda amisa, sxva pedagogisgan gaigo, rom Teona mas sxva maswavleblebTan cudad moixseniebda.

situacia SeiZleba ori mimarTulebiT ganviTarebuliyo:

1. mariami Sedis samaswavlebloSi da Teonas-Tan saklaso oTaxis problemis ganxilvas iwyebs. Teo-na icinis da eubneba, rom zedmetad wuxs am sakiTxze. mariams es kidev ufro abrazebs da xmas uwevs. saubari nel-nela emsgavseba yvirils. pasuxad Teonac uwevs xmas da axla saklaso oTaxis sivrcis irgvliv warmoWrili problema samaswavlebloSi cxared ganixileba.

ix. II -

gv. 124;

132

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moswavleebi oTaxs Cauvlian, Cerdebian da sanaZleos de-ben imaze, Tu romeli maswavlebeli gaimarjvebs.

2. mariami daukavSirda direqtors da sTxova, rom Sexvedroda mas da Teonas am sakiTxis erTxel da samuda-mod gadasawyvetad. direqtorTan saubris Semdeg mariami da Teona sxva klasebSi, sxva pedagogebTan gadaanawiles. direqtorma Seaxsena Teonas, rom maTi problemis sxva pedagogebTan ganxilva ar moaxdenda dadebiT gavlenas saerTo saswavlo garemoze.

meore scenarSi problemis ukeTesad gadawyvetis gzaa mo-cemuli. pedagogi mibaZvis obieqtia da nebismier situaciaSi mas TavdaWeriloba marTebs. kolegebs Soris gaCenili konfliq-turi situacia (Tundac Zalian umniSvnelo), sasurvelia, maT Soris mogvardes da ar gaxdes saerTo diskusiis sagani.

direqtori zedamxedvelobas uwevs skolaSi mimdinare sas-wavlo aRmzrdelobiT process. is aris sazogadoebasa da sko-las Soris makavSirebeli rgoli da skolis saxeliT moq-medebs skolis gareSe pirebTan urTierTobaSi. amitom aris mniSvnelovani misTvis skolaSi mimdinare yvela saWirboroto sakiTxis Sesaxeb informaciis floba. es exeba konfliqtebs mos-wavleebTan Tu mSoblebTan dakavSirebul problemebs, saswavlo gegmis sirTuleebs Tu nebismier sxva winaaRmdegobas, romelic maswavlebels Tavisi samuSaos SesrulebaSi uSlis xels. es yovelive sruliad ar niSnavs imas, rom direqtori TiToeuli maswavleblis yoveldRiur saqmianobasa Tu sagakveTilo pro-cesSi aqtiurad unda iyos Cabmuli.

warmatebuli saswavlo procesi gulisxmobs, rom skolis xelmZRvaneloba darwmunebulia pedagogis profesionalizmSi, keTilsindisierebasa da erTgulebaSi. efeqturi muSaobisTvis dadebiTi Sedegis momtania skolis xelmZRvanel organoebTan aqtiuri TanamSromloba da maTi azris gaziareba.

sasurvelia, rom direqtorma an sameurveo sabWos warmo-madgenelma icodes Tqven mier gatarebuli RonisZiebebisa da gegmebis Sesaxeb. xSirad maswavleblebis Secdoma isaa, rom administracias mxolod problemis gamwvavebis SemTxvevaSi awvdian informacias. aucileblad unda aRiniSnos isic, rom garda problemuri situaciebisa, administracia pozitiur mov-

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lenebTan dakavSirebiTac unda CaayenoT saqmis kursSi. yovelive zemoaRniSnuli sruliad ar niSnavs imas, rom yvela problemis wamoWrisas administraciis warmomadgenels unda uxmoT. es mxolod imis mimaniSnebeli iqneba, rom Tqven ver marTavT sa-gakveTilo processa da Tqveni moswavleebis qcevas. Tu saqme umniSvnelo qceviT problemas exeba, sasurveli iqneba, Tu am problemis mogvarebis ramdenime strategias Tqveni skolis im maswavlebelTan ganixilavT, romelic klass ukeT akontro-lebs.

situacia 2.

miSas maRali akademiuri moswreba aqvs, magram xSirad gakveTilze yuradRebas celqobiT iqcevs. roca grZnobs, rom maswavlebeli ar uyurebs, Tavisi merxidan qaRalds sxva bavS-vebs esvris. rodesac pedagogi am saqcielis gamo kicxavs, bavS-vebi icinian da es miSas ufro meti celqobisken ubiZgebs. mas-wavlebelma yvelaferi scada, magram uSedegod. rogor fiqrobT, ra nabiji unda gadadgas man?

miSas maswavlebels SeuZlia, qvemoT mocemuli variantebidan romelime airCios:

1. SeuZlia miSa direqtorTan waiyvanos da kategoriu-lad moiTxovos misi dasja.

2. SeuZlia kolegas mimarTos rCevis misaRebad.

im maswavleblebs, romelTac warsulSi msgavs moswavleebTan mouwiaT muSaoba, kargi rCevis mocema SeuZliaT. aseTi saxis problemebSi skolis administraciis Careva araa sasurveli. Tumca, Tu aucilebeli xdeba ojaxTan dakavSireba an mkacri disciplinuri zomebis miReba, umjobesia direqtori CaayenoT saqmis kursSi.

direqtoris erT-erTi movaleoba TanamSromelTa muSaobis zedamxedvelobaa. xSirad es sagakveTilo procesis mar-TvasTan dakavSirebul komentarebs gulisxmobs. sasurvelia, rom misi SeniSvna swavlebis stilsa Tu profesiul Cvevebze, dadebiTad miiRoT. profesiuli zrdis erT-erTi winapiroba swored cvlilebisTvis mzaobaa.

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situacia 3.

direqtori maias Tavis kabinetSi uxmobs mesame klasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gansaxilvelad. igi ramdenime dRiT adre daakvirda maias gakveTils. direqtorma SeniSna, rom maia kargad flobs im sagans, romelsac aswavlis da moswavleebsac moswonT igi. magram man aseve aRniSna, rom gakveTilis dros bevri moswavle Tavis merxTan ar ijda. isini saubrobdnen, mas-wavlebels ar usmendnen da sxva saqmiT iyvnen dakavebulebi. saerTo situacia qaosuri iyo. man hkiTxa maias, rogor SeiZle-boda klasis ukeT marTva.

qvemoT moviyvanT maias SesaZlo reagirebis ramdenime vari-ants:

1. maiam uTxra direqtors, rom is mxolod erT gakveTils daakvirda. zogadad ki mas klasis kontroli araCveulebrivad gamosdis. sinamdvileSi bavSvebis ase-Ti qcevis mizezi gverdiT klasidan Semosuli xmauri iyo. im klasis bavSvebi xom mudam derefanSi arian da xmauroben.

2. maiam aRiara, rom qcevis marTva sakmaod uWirs. man direqtors auxsna Tavisi mosazrebebi problemis mogva-rebasTan dakavSirebiT. misi azriT, sxva maswavlebels, romelsac klasis kontroli kargad gamosdis, rCevisTvis unda mimarTos da kargi iqneba, Tu direqtori miawvdis mas rame strategias praqtikaSi gansaxorcieleblad.

meore varianti, ra Tqma unda, ukeTesia. maias pasuxi direq-tors uCvenebs, rom man sworad gaigo SeniSvna da misi reaq-ciac cvlilebisTvis mzaobaze miuTiTebs. pirvel variantSi maiam Tavdacva scada. igi Seecada problemis uaryofas da sxvis dadanaSaulebas da arc problemis mogvarebis interesi gamoxata.

skolas, garda pedagogebisa, sxva personalic sWirdeba saswav-lo procesis samarTavad: fsiqologi, socialuri muSaki, samedi-cino personali, biblioTekari, mdivani, damlagebeli da sxva. fsiqologebi da socialuri muSakebi im bavSvebTan muSaoben,

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romelTac gansakuTrebuli yuradReba sWirdebaT da pedagogis daxmarebis gareSe bavSvis problemebis sworad diagnozirebas ver axerxeben. aseT SemTxvevaSi TanamSromlobiTi urTierToba ukeTesi Sedegis momtania. garda amisa, isini, SesaZloa, iseT in-formacias flobdnen bavSvis Sesaxeb, romlis konfidecialoba daculi unda iyos. Tu bavSvis problemebs sxva maswavleblebs vuambobT, amiT mis uflebebs davarRvevT.

teqnikuri personali ar aris swavlebis procesSi uSua-lod CarTuli, magram isini saskolo cxovrebis mniSvnelovan sakiTxebs uzrunvelyofen. isinic, Cveulebriv, pativiscemiT mopy-robas imsaxureben.

situacia 4.

elza damlageblad muSaobda skolaSi. erT-erTi maswavle-beli udierad epyroboda mas; erTxel maswavlebelma elzas sityvieri Seuracxyofa miayena klasisa da sxva TanamSromlis TandaswrebiT. imis gamo, rom saklaso oTaxis dafa kargad ar iyo gawmendili. aRmoCnda, rom moswavleebma moxates dafa Sesvenebis dros, dafaze am maswavleblis karikaturac exata. am faqtiT aRSfoTebuli maswavlebeli arc ecada, garkveuliyo situaciaSi da javri iyara damlagebelze, daamcira ra is mos-wavleebisa da sxva TanamSromlis winaSe.

problemis gadawyvetis SesaZlo varianti:

elzam saqmis kursSi Caayena skolis direqtori da mimar-Ta kidevac werilobiTi gancxadebiT, romelSic dawvrilebiT aRwerda momxdars. ris Semdegac skolis direqtorma mimarTa skolis disciplinur komitets TxovniT, SinaganawesiT dadge-nili wesiT emsjela maswavleblis qmedebaze. disciplinuri komitetis gadawyvetilebis Tanaxmad, maswavlebels sayveduri gamoucxades.

problemis msgavsi saxiT gadawyveta marTebulia. elzas pre-tenzia aris sruliad gamarTlebuli, vinaidan maswavlebelma borotad gamoiyena sakuTari mdgomareoba da Seuracxyofa mi-ayena damlagebels. aqedan gamomdinare, naTelia, rom maswavle-belma Selaxa elzas pativi da Rirseba. skolis direqtori valdebuli iyo, reagireba moexdina elzas saCivarze, vinaidan direqtori aformebs SromiT xelSekrulebas skolis Tanam-SromlebTan (maT Soris, damlagebelTanac). garda amisa, direq-

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Tqven ukve SegiZliaT, daubrundeT da upasuxoT am Tavis dasawyisSi dasmul kiTxvebs


• maswavleblebsadaskolissxvapersonalsSoriskeTilganwyobili urTierToba mniSvnelovnad gansaz-Rvravs warmatebul saswavlo process;

• garda uSualod sagnobrivi kompetenciisa, peda-gogis profesionalizmi ganisazRvreba sxvebis mimarT TanamSromlobiTi urTierTobiTa da keTilganwyobili qceviT. es gulisxmobs sxvebis uflebebis pativiscemas, profesiuli (saqmiani) garemos Seqmnasa da SenarCunebas da konfliqtebisadmi gacnobierebul midgomas;

• maswavlebelivaldebulia,daicvassaskoloper-

sonalis Rirseba da pativiscemiT moepyras maT.

tori uflebamosilia, TviTon ganixilos saCivari, an mimarTos disciplinur komitets reagirebisTvis.

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profesiuli ganviTareba


1. ra gzebs mimarTavdiT Tqveni profesiuli unarebis gaum-jobesebisTvis?

2. ramdenad xSirad unda ganaaxlos pedagogma profesiuli ganviTarebis gegma?

3. ratom aris mniSvnelovani da ra gavlenas axdens sas-wavlo procesze maswavleblis TviTSefaseba?

am Tavis wakiTxvis SemdeT Tqven gecodinebaT:

ras gulisxmobs profesiuli ganviTareba;

ramdenad mniSvnelovania maswavleblisTvis profesiul ganviTarebaze zrunva;

profesiuli ganviTarebis ra saSualebebi arsebobs;

ra mniSvneloba aqvs profesiuli ganviTarebis gegmas.

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*****

maswavleblis profesia dinamiuria da mudmiv cvlilebebs eqvemdebareba. profesiuli ganviTareba gulisxmobs RonisZie-bebs, romlebic mimarTulia profesiuli zrdisken. `zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis mixedviT, profesiuli ganviTarebis saSualebebia:

a) akreditebuli profesiuli ganviTarebis programebis gav-la;

b) maswavleblis sasertifikacio gamocdis Cabarebidan 6 wlis Semdeg Sesabamisi maswavleblis sasertifikacio gamocdis Cabareba;

g) saganmanaTleblo an pedagogiuri produqtis Seqmna (saxelmZRvanelos, saganmanaTleblo programis avtoroba, sagan-manaTleblo proeqtis SemuSaveba an/da ganxorcieleba, maswav-leblobis maZieblebisa da sxva pedagogebisaTvis codnis ga-ziareba da sxva).

profesiuli kompetencia aramarto sagnobriv codnas, aramed profesiul unarebsa da damokidebulebebsac moicavs. igi Sei-Zleba aisaxos rogorc, magaliTad, saswavlo masalebis miwode-bisa da davalebebis Sefasebis unarze, aseve Cacmis stilzec.

maswavleblis profesiul pasuxismgeblobaSi moiazreba ganaTlebis sferoSi mimdinare siaxleebis codna da pedago-giuri praqtikis ganviTareba. maswavlebelma yovelwliurad unda SeimuSaos da ganaxorcielos profesiuli zrdis gegma. profesiuli ganviTarebis gegmaSi unda gaiweros yvela is aq-tivoba, romelic im wlisTvis unda Seasrulos maswavlebelma. gegma gzamkvlevis rols asrulebs. es ar aris recepti, romelic upirobod unda Sesruldes. TviT am gegmis analizsa da daxvewa-ze muSaobac profesiuli ganviTarebis nawilia. TviTanalizis teqnika maswavlebels saSualebas aZlevs, dagegmos profesiuli ganviTarebis procesi. gegma aris sistemuri midgoma, romelic konkretul RonisZiebebs moicavs. es SeiZleba iyos Sesabamisi literaturis Seswavla, sxva maswavleblebis gakveTilebze das-wreba, saswavlo kursebi an internetSi masalebis moZieba.

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profesiuli zrdis gegmis SemuSavebisas aucilebelia erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da ganaTlebis sferoSi saqarT-velos kanonmdeblobis gaTvaliswineba. qvemoT moyvanilia is aqtivobebi da strategiebi, romlebic profesiul ganviTarebas uwyobs xels da SesaZlebelia ganxorcieldes rogorc indi-vidualurad, aseve jgufuri profesiuli ganviTarebis gegmis nawilis saxiTac.

sakuTari praqtikis TviTanalizi (refleqsia) profesiu-li ganviTarebisTvis gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani unaria. TviTanalizi SegviZlia ramdenime etapad davyoT:

1. problemis identificireba, romlis drosac maswavlebeli Tavisi saqmianobidan gamokveTs im problemas an kiTxvas, romlis gadaWris survilic aqvs.

2. informaciis Segroveba, romlis drosac maswavlebeli agrovebs monacemebs misTvis saintereso sakiTxis irgvliv;

3. analizi da gadawyvetilebis miReba, romlis dros maswav-lebeli cdilobs, gaiazros Segrovebuli masala da miiRos

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gadawyvetileba maTi yovelmxrivi Seswavlis safuZvelze; 4. praqtikuli saqmianoba, romlis drosac maswavlebeli geg-

mavs Tavis profesiul ganviTarebas. amis Semdeg is SeimuSavebs cxrils, sadac gadaitans mimdinare wlis miznebs.

TviTSefaseba profesiuli ganviTarebis erT-erTi strate-giaa. susti da Zlieri mxareebis Sefaseba da am informaciis gonivruli gamoyeneba dadebiTad imoqmedebs saswavlo procesze, imis miuxedavad, pedagogi damwyebia Tu didi gamocdilebis mqone. TviTSefasebis upiratesoba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom am dros naklebad eqceviT sxvaTa Sexedulebebis zegavlenis qveS da Tavisuflad SegiZliaT sakuTari unarebis Sefaseba da analizi. igi Zalian uvnebeli meTodia da, Sesabamisad, misi gamoyenebisas gulwrfelobis, realisturi Sefasebis da simS-vidis SenarCunebis albaTobac ufro didia. miRebuli Sedegebis mixedviT, SesaZlebelia profesiuli ganviTarebis ufro sruli gegmis Sedgenac.

situacia 1.

nato 7 welia maswavlebelia. profesiuli ganviTarebis mizniT, man gadawyvita, rom TviTSefasebis meTodisTvis mi-emarTa. qvemoT mocemuli maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT Seadgi-na Sefasebis sqema da sakuTari SesaZleblobebi sambaliani sistemiT Seafasa.

1 = am konkretuli unaris ganviTareba mWirdeba; 2 = raRac gamocdileba maqvs, magram ufro meti unda vi-

muSao;3 = am kuTxiT Cemi SesaZleblobebis maqsimums mivaRwie.

•¬¬nebisyofis simtkice da moTmineba moswavleebTanda kolegebTan urTierTobisas;

•energiulobadaSromismoyvareoba;•punqtualobadamowesrigebuloba;•samarTlianoba;•uyuradRebodapasiuribavSvebissagakveTilopro-

cesSi CarTvis unari; • individualuri da jgufuri muSaobis efeqturad

marTvis unari; •gadawyvetilebisdrouladmiRebisunari;

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•droisefeqturadgamoyenebisunari;•moswavleTamotivaciisamaRlebisunari;•swavlebissxvadasxvameTodisadastrategiisefeq-

turad gamoyenebis unari;•socialuridagenderulimiukerZoebloba;• enTuziazmi sakuTar saganTan da moswavleebTan

dakavSirebiT; •gakveTilisankonkretuliRonisZiebisefeqturad

dagegmvis, organizebis da marTvis unari;•gakveTilismiznisgansazRvrisunari;•rCevisadadaxmarebisTxovnismizniTkolegebTan

TanamSromloba;•sakuTarigamocdilebissxvebisTvisgaziarebisun-

ari.

TviTSefasebis Sedegebidan gamomdinare dagegmili RonisZiebebi dadebiTad imoqmedebs natos miRwevebze, rac moswavleTa Sedegebze aisaxeba.

garda TviTSefasebisa, Tqveni profesiuli ganviTarebi-sTvis efeqturad SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT Sefaseba moswavleTa mxridan. Tu gsurT, SeityoT, ras fiqroben Tqveni moswavleebi Tqven mier Catarebul gakveTilze, ra moswonT gansakuTrebiT, an ra SeniSvnebi da mosazrebebi SeiZleba hqondeT gakveTi-lis Taobaze, SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT qvemoT mocemuli Sefasebis forma. sagnis specifikidan gamomdinare, SegiZliaT, Sefasebis forma SecvaloT. umjobesia, igi trimestris bolos an konk-retuli masalis damTavrebis Semdeg gamoiyenoT. moswavleebs auxseniT, rom Sefaseba aris anonimuri da maT niSnebze gavlenas ar iqoniebs. ganumarteT, rom Sefasebis formis SevsebiT, isini Tqven dagexmarebian saswavlo procesis ukeT dagegmvaSi.

**** Sefasebis formaSi gadmoeciT Tqveni STebeWdilebebi am

gakveTilis Sesaxeb. yuradRebiT gaecaniT TiToeul SekiTxvas da SemoxazeT

TqvenTvis sasurveli pasuxi.

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1. gakveTili kargad iyo organizebuli

ki / ara / ise ra / Tavs vikaveb












2. gamoyenebuli masala (saxelmZRvaneloebi, qseroaslebi, damatebiTi

sakiTxavi) iyo saintereso

3. es gakveTili damexmara

sagnis ukeT aRqmaSi

4. maswavleblis Sefaseba iyo

samarTliani

5. Cem mier Sesrulebul samuSaos maswavlebeli

obieqturad afasebda da mexmareboda

Secdomebis gaanalizebaSi

6. gakveTili iyo rTuli

7. saSinao davalebis moculoba

iyo Zalian didi

8. maswavlebeli yvela moswavles

epyroboda pativiscemiT

9. moswavleebi pativs scemdnen

maswavlebels

10. maswavlebeli zedmetad

mkacri iyo

11. gakveTili iyo saxaliso

12. gakveTils maRal Sefasebas

vaZlev

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gakveTilze ram datova yvelaze didi STabeWdileba?

ra ar mogewonaT gakveTilze?

Tqven rom maswavlebeli iyoT, riTi gaaumjobesebdiT gakveTils?

SegiZliaT gamoxatoT Tqveni azri gakveTilTan dakavSire-bul nebismier sakiTxze.

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profesiuli ganviTarebis erT-erTi efeqturi gzaa profe-siuli literaturis gacnoba da Seswavla. am formiT a axal informacias iRebs da Tavis codnasa da gamocdilebas aR-rmavebs

.profesiuli ganviTarebis erT-erT saSualebas sagakveTilo

procesze dakvirveba warmoadgens. maswavleblebi eswrebian TavianTi kolegebis sagakveTilo process swavlebis meTode-bze dakvirvebisa da Tvalsawieris gafarToebis mizniT, iseve rogorc, sakuTari pedagogiuri midgomebis dasaxvewad.

situacia 2.

Teona istoriis maswavlebelia. mas Zalian unda prezentaci-is unaris gaumjobeseba. mis gakveTilze bavSvebi advilad iwy-enen da umarTavebi xdebian. Tamriko sxva klasSi aswavlis is-torias. Teona winaswar uTanxmdeba Tamrikos da mis gakveTils eswreba im mizniT, rom mis gamocdilebas gaiziarebs.

Teonam SeniSna, rom Tamriko kargi maswavlebelia da masa-las kargad flobs. magram yvelaze Sedegiani mainc misi swavlebis meTodia. kedlebze feradi suraTebi gaukravs, bevri maTgani bavSvebis daxatulia. klasis winaSe dgomis da leqciuri stilis nacvlad Tamriko merxebs Soris dadis. Teonam gadawyvita, Tamrikos gakveTilidan aRebuli ramden-ime meTodi Tavis gakveTilze gamoeyenebina da dakvirveboda, ra efeqts moaxdenda igi bavSvebze.

saswavlo gegmis jgufSi SemuSaveba maswavleblebs TavianT saganTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebSi siRrmiseuli Ziebis saSuale-bas aZlevs. erTad muSaobiT maswavleblebs SeuZliaT Seqmnan saswavlo masalebi, saswavlo meTodologia, axali resursebi da Sefasebis meqanizmebi. es Zalian Seuwyobs xels maT profesiul ganviTarebas.

profesiuli ganviTarebis alternatiuli saSualebaa kon-ferenciebsa da sxva samuSao SexvedrebSi monawileoba.

situacia 3.

nana da giorgi maTematikas aswavlian. giorgi gadawyvets maTematikis swavlebis strategiebis Seswavlas. man gaigo, rom erT-erT universitetSi seminari tardeba, romlis daxmarebiT

154

mas Tavisi unarebis gaumjobeseba SeuZlia. giorgis unda, rom nanamac miiRos am samuSao SexvedraSi monawileoba, magram nanas am etapze srulebiT akmayofilebs misi codnisa da unarebis done.

samuSao Sexvedraze giorgi Seiswavlis bavSvebisTvis algebruli utolobebis axsnis meTodebs, gansakuTrebiT efeqturs im bavSvebisTvis, romelTac maTematika arc Tu ise kargad gamosdiT. naTelia, rom SemdgomSi am kuTxiT gior-gis muSaoba ufro nayofieri iqneba, vidre nanasi.

profesiuli ganviTareba aseve SesaZlebelia internetSi ma-salebis moZiebis gziT. Tumca internetSi Catarebuli kvleva ramdenime mimarTulebiTaa SezRuduli. nebismier adamians min-imaluri teqnikuri unarebiT SeuZlia internetSi informaciis ganTavseba. garda amisa, internet-gverdebi iqmneba da icvleba mflobelis gemovnebis mixedviT. zogierTi gverdi eqspertis mosazrebebs gadmoscems, sxvebi ki ubralo diletantebisas. ami-tom SeiZleba aseTi masala naklebad sando iyos.

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axalbeda maswavleblebs xSirad sWirdebaT daxmareba sa-gakveTilo procesis marTvasa da swavlebis unarebis gaum-jobesebaSi. gamocdil pedagogs SeuZlia miawodos maT rCeva da daexmaros profesiuli unar-Cvevebis daxvewaSi. profesiuli ganviTarebisTvis aseve mniSvnelovania maswavleblobis maZie-belTaTvis da sxva pedagogebisTvis profesiuli codnisa da gamocdilebis gaziareba.

Tqven SegiZliaT, daubrundeT am Tavis dasawyisSi moce-mul kiTxvebs da upasuxoT maT.


• maswavlebeliyovelTvisundazrunavdesTavispro-fesiul ganviTarebaze;

• profesiuliganviTarebissxvadasxvasaSualebaar-sebobs;

• maswavlebelsZaliandaexmareba profesiuliganvi-Tarebis samoqmedo gegmaze muSaoba;

• profesiuli ganviTareba unda ganvixiloTrogorcuwyveti procesi, da ara rogorc erTjeradi RonisZieba.

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gamoyenebuli literatura:

- `zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb ” saqarTvelos kanoni, 2004w. -maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centri. (2008). mas-

wavleblis profesiuli standarti. Tbilisi.-erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centri. (2007).

erovnuli saswavlo gegma. Tbilisi. -erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centri. (2007).

rogor vaswavloT moswavleebs azrovneba (1 naw). Tbilisi.-erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centri. (2007).

ganmartebiTi leqsikoni ganaTlebis specialistebisaTvis (1 naw). Tbilisi.- saqarTvelos konstitucia.-adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis ev-

ropuli konvencia.-saqme `.H. and others v. Czech Republic”, adamianis uflebaTa dacvis

evropuli sasamarTlo, 13/10/2007 .-Ascher, M. B .(2004).Teacher understanding children. Washington, DC: Amer-

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sarCevi

saklaso oTaxis fizikuri garemo (n. gogiCaZe) ....................................... 3

klasis marTvis stili (T. lodia) ................................................................... 12

gakveTilis drois marTva (n. niJaraZe) .......................................................... 20

gakveTilis etapebi (n. niJaraZe) ............................................................................. 28

saklaso organizaciis modelebi (n. niJaraZe) ........................................ 35

jgufuri muSaoba (n. niJaraZe) ................................................................................ 46

jgufuri muSaobis marTva (n. niJaraZe) .......................................................... 59

qcevis wesebi (n. niJaraZe) ............................................................................................ 65

qcevis TviTmarTva (n. niJaraZe) .............................................................................. 78

konfliqtebis mogvareba (n. niJaraZe) .............................................................. 90

ganaTleba da kanonmdebloba (q. makleini, t. boli) ....................................................................................................... 103

maswavleblis uflebebi da movaleobebi (q. makleini, t. boli) ....................................................................................................... 108

moswavlis uflebebi da movaleobebi (q. makleini, t. boli) ....................................................................................................... 121

mSoblisa da maswavleblis urTierToba (q. makleini, t. boli) ....................................................................................................... 129

TanamSromlebTan urTierToba (q. makleini, t. boli) ........................................................................................................ 138

profesiuli ganviTareba (q. makleini, t. boli) .................................. 146

gamoyenebuli literatura ....................................................................................... 156

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SeniSvnebisTvis

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