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Traumatology

The science which deals with all aspects of mechanical injuries

Forensic traumatology deals with interpretation and certification of

trauma in the light of law

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Traumatology

Mechanism of wound production

Injury is produced when sufficient energy is absorbed

so that there is permanent alteration of some part of body’s anatomic integrity.

The result is a wound

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Traumatology

Mechanism of wound production

Energy available = M = KEV2

2gEnergy transferred depends upon

area of application = Atime of transfer = t

Energy absorbed - lever action plasticity/elasticity of tissue inertia hydrostatics

k

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Traumatology

Mathematics of wound production

Wound = W = KE x x x1A

1t k

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Sec 332 PPC - Hurt (1) Whoever causes pain, harm, disease, infirmity or injury to any person or impairs, disables or dismembers any organ of the body or part thereof of any person without causing his death,

is said to cause hurt.

(2) The following are the kinds of hurt:-(a) Itlaf-i-udw(b) Itlaf-i-salahiyyat-i-udw(c) Shajjah(d) Jurh; and(e) all kinds of other hurt.

Legal aspects of trauma

Traumatology

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Legal aspects of trauma

Traumatology

(2) The following are the kinds of shajjah, namely:- (a) shajjah-i-khafifa – (without exposure of bone)

(b) shajjah-i-maudiha - (exposure without fracture)

(c) shajjah-i-hashimah - (fracture without dislocation)

(d) shajjah-i-munaqqilah - (fracture with dislocation)

(e) shajjah-i-ammah - (exposure of meninges)

(f) shajjah-i-damighah - (rupture of meninges).

Sec 337 PPC Shajjah

(1) Whoever causes, on the head or face of any person, any hurt which does not amount to itlaf-i-udw or itlaf-i-salahiyyat- i-udw, is said to cause shajjah.

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Legal aspects of trauma

Traumatology

Sec 337-B PPC - Jurh

(1) Whoever causes on any part of the body

of a person, other than the head or face, a hurt, which leaves a mark of the wound, whether temporary or permanent, is said to cause Jurh.

(2) Jurh is of two kinds, namely:-(a) Jaifah i.e. where injury extends to

body cavities of the trunk; and(b) Ghair-Jaifah i.e. an injury which

does not amount to Jaifah.

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Legal aspects of trauma

Traumatology

Sec 337-E PPC

(2) The following are the kinds of Ghair- Jaifah:- (a) Damiyah - rupturing of skin with bleeding;

(b) Badiah - cutting or incising the flesh without exposing the bone;

(c) Mutalahimah - lacerating the flesh;

(d) Mudihah - exposure of the bone;

(e) Hashimah - fracturing of a bone without dislocation; and

(f) Munaqqilah - fracturing and dislocation of bone.

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Traumatology

Sec 332 (2) PPC - Hurt

itlaf-e-udwitlaf-e-slahayat-e-udwshajjahjurhother hurt

shajjah-e-khafifahshajjah-e-maudhihashajjah-e-hashimahshajjah-e-munnaqilahshajjah-e-ammahshajjah-e-damighah

Sec 337 (2) PPC

Sec 337B (2) PPC

jaifahghair jaifah

damihahbadihahmuttalahimahmaudihahhashimahmunnaqilah

Sec 337E (2) PPC

Sec 337J PPC

Sec 337L PPC

poisoning

20 days etc

Legal aspects of trauma

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Forensic objectives of studying trauma

identification of the victimidentification of injuriesexact description of injurieslegal classification of injuries nature of injuries duration of injuriesdisposal of the patient

Traumatology

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Medico-legal certification of injuries

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Medico-legal certification of injuries

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Traumatology

Classification of trauma

1 Blunt force traumaAbrasionsBruises or contusionsLacerations

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Traumatology

Classification of trauma

1 Blunt force trauma

2 Sharp force traumaIncised woundsStabs

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Traumatology

Classification of trauma

1 Blunt force trauma2 Sharp force trauma

3 Fire arm traumaShot gun injuryRifled fire arm injury

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Traumatology Blunt force

Mechanical trauma

Blunt force injuryabrasionsbruises or contusionslacerations

Sharp force injuryincised woundsstabs

Fire arm injuryshot gunrifled fire arm

Classification

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Traumatology

Mechanical trauma

Blunt force injuryabrasionsbruises or contusionslacerations -

Sharp force injuryincised woundsstabs -

Fire arm injuryshot gunrifled fire arm

Classification

Punctured wounds

Penetrating woundsPerforating wounds

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Abrasions

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Traumatology Blunt force

Abrasions

Injuries which are limited to the top layers of the skin. They are rarely deep and heal without scarring

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Traumatology Blunt force injury

Types of abrasions

Scratches

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Blunt force injuryabrasions

Abrasions

Scratch

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Traumatology Blunt force injury

Types of abrasions

Scratchesgrazes

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Blunt force injuryabrasions

Abrasions

Graze

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Blunt force injuryabrasions

Abrasions

Graze

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Traumatology Blunt force injury

Types of abrasions

Scratchesgrazesbrush burns

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Blunt force injuryabrasions

Abrasions

Brush burn

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Traumatology Blunt force injury

Types of abrasions

Scratchesgrazesbrush burnspatterned – imprint

contact

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Blunt force injuryabrasions

Abrasions

Patterned

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Blunt force injuryabrasions

Abrasions

Imprint

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Blunt forceBruises

Abrasions

patterned

pool tileimprint

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Blunt force injuryabrasions

Abrasions

Patterned

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Blunt force injuryabrasions

Abrasions

Imprint

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Blunt force injuryabrasions

Abrasions

Post-mortem

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Traumatology Blunt force injury

Medico-legal importance of abrasions

Identify weapon

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Traumatology Blunt force injury

Medico-legal importance of abrasions

Identify weaponnature of scuffle

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Traumatology Blunt force injury

Medico-legal importance of abrasions

Identify weaponnature of scuffledirection of injury

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Traumatology Blunt force injury

Medico-legal importance of abrasions

Identify weaponnature of scuffledirection of injurylocus of incidence

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Traumatology Blunt force injury

Medico-legal importance of abrasions

Identify weaponnature of scuffledirection of injurylocus of incidencetime of infliction

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