Variante examen SFDS sisteme de franare, directie si suspensie
9
. 1 . … a e e r p s e d i t e n u p s , s o j i a m e d a r u g i f i t e t s a o n u c e R 2 i s 1 : i c i r e f s i t o v i p u c e r a o t o m e t n u p ) a : e t a l u c i t r a i t n u p a l e t e z u f i s i t o v i p u r t n e p a z a b e d e v i t c u r t s n o c i r u p i T . 5 . 1 . g i F - u c a t e z u f 3 ; a r a l u b u t e n u i t c e s - 4 ; r o i r e p u s c i r e f s t o v i p - o i r e f n i c i r e f s t o v i p 5 ; r - 6 ; r o i r e p u s t a r b - 1 : i c i r e f s i t o v i p u c e r a o t o m e n e t n u p ) b ; r o i r e f n i t a r b 2 i s - 3 ; a n i l p a r a l u c r i c e n u i t c e s u c a t e z u f - 4 ; r o i r e p u s c i r e f s t o v i p - 5 ; r o i r e f n i c i r e f s t o v i p - 6 ; r o i r e p u s t a r b - e t n u p ) c ; r o i r e f n i t a r b 1 : e c i r d n i l i c i i t a l u c i t r a u c e r a o t o m e n - f t r o p 2 ; a t e z u - 3 ; r o i r e f n i t a r b - 4 ; a s r u c e d r o i r e p u s r o t a t i m i l n o p m a t - ; e c a u c t n e m l u r u c t o v i p r a g a l 5- 6 ; e l a c i t r e v r o l e t r o f a e r a u l e r p u r t n e p l a i x a t n e m l u r - 7 ; c i r d n i l i c t o v i p - 8 ; r o i r e p u s t a r b - 9 ; a s r u c e d r o i r e f n i r o t a t i m i l n o p m a t - r o z i t r o m a 0 1 ; c i p o c s e l e t - i l e c r a 1 1 ; l a d i o c - . c r a e r a d i h g t r o p u s m s i n a c e m u c e t a n o i t c a r f e l i t n u p a l e t e z u f i s i t o v i p u r t n e p a z a b e d e v i t c u r t s n o c i r u p i t e t a t n e z e r p t n u s 5 . 1 a r u g i f n I t o v i p ( i u l u t o v i p i e x a l u r u j n i a c s a e t o r e s a s e i u b e r t a t e z u f z a c t s e c a n I . e r a d i h g e d l a s r e v s n a r t r e t a l u r t a p a t i m r e p a s r a d , ) r o l i . e r a d i h g e d l u m s i n a c e m e d a t a f i i t o r a i t a l i c s o i s e r a n i l c n i e d l u i h g n u u r t n e p t n a t c e i o r p e d e s i r c s e r p e l i r o l a v a s a i t c u r t s n o c n i r p a r u g i s a e i t c e r i d e d a e t n u P r e v s n a r t e r a n i l c n i e d l u i h g n u , ) a g u f e d l u i h g n u ( i u l u t o v i p l a a l a n i d u t i g n o l r a i , i i t o r l a e r e d a c e d l u i h g n u i s i u l u t o v i p l a a l a s e d i i t n u p a s u p m i a c i f i c e p s e i t i d n o c o a z u a c a t s a e c a n i D . i r u i h g n u e t s e c a u r t n e p e r a l g e r e d i t a t i l i b i s o p i s l u z a c e t s e a c a d d r o l i t o r a e t a t i l i b a t s a n u b o i s a t c e r o c a c i t a m e n i c e r a r u g i s a a s e t s e e i t c e r i d a e r a o s u i r a r v e n a m i e n u l u d n o f e p , e i t c e r i d e . r o l i r u e n p a e s u d e r i r u z u i e n u i s i u l u l i b o m o t u a
Transcript
1 hellipae erpsed itenups soj iam ed arugif itetsaonuceR
2 is 1 icirefs itovip uc eraotom etnup )a etalucitra itnup al etezuf is itovip urtnep azab ed evitcurtsnoc irupiT51giF - uc atezuf3 aralubut enuitces - 4 roirepus cirefs tovip - oirefni cirefs tovip 5 r - 6 roirepus tarb - 1 icirefs itovip uc eraotomen etnup )b roirefni tarb
msinacem uc etanoitcarf elitnup al etezuf is itovip urtnep azab ed evitcurtsnoc irupit etatnezerp tnus 51 arugif nItovip( iulutovip iexa luruj ni acsaetor es as eiubert atezuf zac tseca nI eradihg ed lasrevsnart retalurtap atimrep as rad )roli
eradihg ed lumsinacem ed ataf iitor aitalicso is eranilcni ed luihgnu urtnep tnatceiorp ed esircserp elirolav as aitcurtsnoc nirp arugisa eitcerid ed aetnuP
revsnart eranilcni ed luihgnu )aguf ed luihgnu( iulutovip la alanidutignol rai iitor la eredac ed luihgnu is iulutovip la alas ed iitnup asupmi acificeps eitidnoc o azuac atsaeca niD iruihgnu etseca urtnep eralger ed itatilibisop is luzac etse acad
d rolitor a etatilibats anub o is atceroc acitamenic erarugisa as etse eitcerid a eraosu irarvenam ienu ludnof ep eitcerid eroliruenp a esuder iruzu ienu is iululibomotua
etaop es un ac itatilibitapmocni snes tseca ni atsixE ieisnepsus eletnemele uc ataleroc sorugir eiubert aetnuPenuisrot ed arab cra nu adigir etnup o al isolof lasrevsnart retalurtap msinacem uc atanoitcarf etnup o al isolof etaop es un
atimrep as erac )cte iznirg itropus( etnemele etsixe as eiubert etnup ep sulp nI lanidutignol supsid ralemal cra nuatimil rolenaopmat a roleraozitroma a rolirucra aeratnom eraotazilibats rolerab a is asruc ed eraot
ed iulumsinacem lupit ed is atatneulfni etse iitor iulucutub a is ietezuf anoz ni ibisoedni iitnup aitcurtsnoCretni itobas is irubmat uc msinacem uas itehcalp is csid uc msinacem vitcepser tisolof eranarf iroi
roletnemele a itor is iululibomotua luproc ertni aerenupsid nirp atnese ni azaezilaer es iululibomotua aisnepsuS azaemrof ieisnepsus esuparpus elesaM roleraozitroma a is )elirucra( ecitsale atadnepsus asam bus etatnom elec rai
azaemrof eisnepsus atadnepsusen asam eif as atadnepsusen asam ac rasecen etse tirops trofnoc iunu aerarugisa urtneP edigir elitnup taced acim iam atadnepsusen asam o ua etanoitcarf elitnuP acim iam tac
iululibomotua eliisnepsus is elitnup ac atluzer etatnezerp elec niD etirefid lutot uc inuitcnuf csenilpedni ised a is rolesam eliitidnoc ni iulutrofnoc a is iitatilibats aerarugisa urtnep etnegixe is esaoremun roletnirec atirotad
lbmasna ronu lurdac ni vitcurtsnoc etazilaer is etatart tnus esuder tirabag ed rolinuisnemid inuitcnuf rorac ela ecinu irueleraotamru atnese ni tnus
- itor al iululibomotua iitatuerg aeretimsnart - eiresorac uas urdac al itor al ed enuitcaer ed roletnemom is roletrof aeretimsnart - uas urdac al itor al ed esimsnart ecimanid roliraticilos aeratimil eiresorac - etatropsnart elirufram is irotalac urtnep tacidir iam tac trofnoc iunu aerazilaer - elac is itor ertni tnatsnoc is uunitnoc iulutcatnoc aerarugisa - nepsus iiretabzed lupmit ni airesorac uas luisas uc tropar ni rolitor iiracsim a asicerp aeradihg ieis - eirotceiart ep iitatilibats aerarugisa - erasalped ed iitidnoc esrevid ni iululibomotua iulurbilihce aerarugisa
2 rea ed enrep auod uc etaps eraotom iitnup a eradihg ed is eratnom ed TLUANER metsiS
sus iam ed arugif nI tnom ed lumetsis atnizerp es alemal is erenitsus ed acilobarap alemalimes uc eradihg ed is era
erps etanilcni is iitnup ataf ni etatnom eraozitroma auod era iitnup aisnepsuS TLUANER ed tisolof acilobarap acitsaleeraotazilibats arab is mucerp ataf
cilobarap elemalimeS - emele ed lor etnemele uc acida atxim ataredisnoc if etaop aisnepsus ac leftsa ecitsale etn elanidutignol etarb auod nirp asart adigir etnup lupit ed etse aitcurtsnoC ecitamuenp etnemele uc is latem nid ecitsale
regnol ed ataf ni etalucitra is iitnup adnirg ep etaxif ataf nid lutapac al etalucitra tnus tropus ecilobarap elelemalimeS enaortnirp rolelemal arpusaed asupsid aetnup alartnec aetrap ni nitsus enaoregnol ep itaxif itropus ed - rai edirb ed metsis nu
ale lutnemele nitsus acim emignul uc etaps nid lutapac nirp azaetnom es rea ed ienrep la roirepus lutropuS citamuenp cits nu uc tropus nu azaetnom es iuluretrac iepmort anoz ni iulunoregnol a araoirefni aetrap eP noregnol ep ataxif asnalf o ep
ed etaulerp tnus elasrevsnart elinuitcaeR asruc ed rotatimil nopmat aticilos eitcaer ed eletnemom rai elemalimes elacitrev etrof uc rea ed elenrep ratnemilpus
aitarugifnoc ed eitcnuf ni etnairav etirefid aeva etaop is iicoljim is icim enaoimacotua al etsesolof es aituloSc ed is citamuenp lutnemele urtnep tropus ielemal ecitsale ielemal aitarugifno
dnirg bus etatnom elirucra)b drahnaP arab is iitnup iiznirg arpusaed etatnom elirucra)c iitnup a ep ed rolirucra eliruihco ed etinifed roletnemges elecaoljim dninu enitbo es b is a eliruzac urtnep uilur ed lurtneC
p uc atunitbo leftsa atpaerd dnatcesretni is atpaerd ep ed is agnats eirtemis ed naidem lunal ed tnerefidni iululibomotua la naidem lunalp uc drahnaP ierab aitcesretni al etsesag es uilur ed lurtnec c luzac nI
iroenu aredisnoc es muc asa ierab lucoljim al un is etnup ed ataf ierab aeranoitizop
4 p tp luclac ed etnemelE iulurozitroma ajit nid eletrof enimreted es as nosrehPcM aetnu lasrevsnart iulutarb luidemretni nirp tata timsnart es eletrof ac aeeca etse itnup ietseca a avitcurtsnoc aetatiralucitraP
cem nid tata etrap ecaf erac iulurozitroma luidemretni nirp is tac asiluc iamcot eutitsnoc( iitor la eradihg ed lumsinaeisnepsus nid is tac )atnalicso
ni atatnezerp etse )rolitovip axa( iitor a eracarb ed axa etsep asuparpus iulurozitroma axa uc nosrehPcaM iitnup amehcSnu azaicosa es i iitnup iulumsinaceM 016 arugif tnus exa ierac ela yOx atnirefer ed metsis
- iulurozitroma axa uc alelarap axa etse yO axa - yO axa ep aralucidneprep etse xO axa
la atnirefer ed lumetsis ed ataf iulutovip la alasrevsnart eranilcni ed luihgnu uc titor etse lumetsis ac atatsnoc eSmotua nid etrap dnacaf ac taredisnoc rozitroma is ietezuf luproc ertnid acirefs aitalucitra etse roirefni lutoviP iululibo
iulurozitroma luproc ertnid aitalucitra ni A etrof ienu is lasrevsnart lutarb ni B etrof ienu eretsan ad Z ataor al alamron aenuitcaeR ajit
B acida sela atnirefer ed lumetsis ed ataf rol eletnenopmoc nirp etatnezerper tnus erac etrof eiresorac is iulurozitroma x isBy A vitcepser x A is y
A atnenopmoC x acida cirefs lutovip ed ataf etnemom ed aitauce nid animreted es
oCbGZAbGZoCA sn
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G ednu sn etnup ep atadnepsusen aetatuerg etse d = b t gt times d + etnup urtnep avitcurtsnoc atnatsnoc o etse δ aredisnoc es iitor aeretabzed ed eitcnuf alibairav atnatsid o etse o+ C anicras uc tacracni iululibomotua luzac
alanimon etnenopmoc eleraotamru nitbo es ataor al elamron iinuitcaer aerenupmocsed nirP
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B atnenopmoC x lutovip nid xO ep roletrof a urbilihce ed aitauce nid animreted es cirefs
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B atnenopmoC y aitaler uc animreted es cirefs lutovip nid gtBB xy )156(
A atnenopmoc animreted es yO ep roletrof a urbilihce ed aitauce niD y
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etimsnart o erac ep atrof acida ieisnepsus lucra nid atrof iamcot etse aE etnalicso ecitsale eraoirepus ieitalucitra lucra ni is iulurozitroma iejit lujadihg ni rapa erac eraoteiat roletrof aeranimreted etse nosrehPcaM iitnup cificepS
ce nid animreted es elE iulurozitroma ajit nid roteiovocni lutnemom is mucerp uas lunotsip iejit ela urbilihce ed eliitau eliitaler uc iulurozitroma
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liitaler uc animreted es iitalucitra auod elec nid etnatluzer eletroF e
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yx BBB )456(
eracarb ed axa etsep asuparpus iulurozitroma axa uc nosrehPcM aetnup urtnep luclac ed luledoM016giF
5 erazitroma ed acitsiretcaraC erazitroma ed acitsiretcaraC F iulurozitroma a atnetsizer ed atrof ertnid atnedneped atnizerper a a erasalped ed azetiv is
v iulunotsip p aitaler ed atinifed etse aE iulurozitroma lurdnilic ni )eiresorac ed ataf iitor a alacitrev ep avitaler azetiv( i
pa vcF )217(
iulurozitroma la atnetsizer ed lutneicifeoc etse c ednu )2ltilt0( iezetiv lutnenopxe etse i
ed edniped i iulutnenopxe aeraolaV aetatizocsav is rolepapus aitcurtsnoc etarbilac roliicifiro elinuisnemid if etaop 037 arugif ni arula ac atatnezerp erazitroma ed acitsiretcarac i lutnenopxe ed eitcnuf nI iuludihcil
acitsiretcarac bus ed atafarpus etse atapisid aeretuP
erazitroma ed icitsiretcarac ed irupiT037giF avisergorp acitsiretcaraC uc tropar ni iitor ela esuder ezetiv al icim tnus atnetsizer ed eletrof ac lujatnava atnizerpc atado dipar cserc is )enil irurutnoc uc ignul itatiralugeren era lumurd asuder azetiv uc iululibomotua aerasalped( airesora
roliitalicso iezetiv aeretserc uc aviserger acitsiretcaraC icso ela iram ezetiv al etnetsizer roletrof aeraolav ac lujatnava era asuder iam etse roliital
icim iam tnus ieiresorac timsnart es erac eletrof iced )2=i( acilobarap aec etse amitpo acitsiretcaraC evisergorp iicitsiretcarac luzac ni rozitroma nirp ieiresorac timsnart es erac roletrof aeraolav ecuder a urtneP
e atseca uc tuzaverp ets eracracsed ed epapus eram aerp enived roliitalicso a avitaler azetiv dnac dihcsed es erac erasecen tnus eracracsed ed elepapuS tnel iam etserc erazitroma ed atrof rai cseram es dihcil urtnep erecert ed elinuitces
iranoitcnuf luzac nu is rolirucos luzac ni uas etserc iuludihcil aetatizocsav dnac etuzacs irutarepmet al iulurozitroma i etsemun es dihcsed es eracracsed ed elepapus erac al iulunotsip azetiV etsurb v acitirc azetiv rc ni esnirpuc irolav uc
sm 050510 lulavretni ifeoC ed asruc urtnep is eramirpmoc ed asruc urtnep etirefid irolav era iulurozitroma la atnetsizer ed lutneic
rai erednitsed acirtemisa etse erazitroma ed acitsiretcarac ep atnetsizer ed iitneicifeoc ertni elautca eleraozitroma aL taler atsixe esruc auod elec ai
cd cc 52 )317( c iitneicifeoc ertnid atnerefiD d c is c etlum iam atnizerp iulumurd atafarpus tac uC iulumurd elitatiralugeren ed edniped
c itatiralugeren o etsep iitor aerecert al eceraoed eram iam eif as eiubert itneicifeoc iod iec ertnid atnerefid tata u etseloco erac eram atrof o etimsnart es rozitroma nirp rai etserc etadnepsusen iesam azetiv atnenimeorp eralevined
cA ieisnepsus la citsale lutnemele c iulutneicifeoc aeraroscim nirp asuder if etaop atrof atsae c ecert ataor dnaC eceraoed lumurd uc lutcatnoc edreip etaop ataor iram ezetiv uc azaesalped es lulibomotua rai iruticnada etsep
af eram iam tlum etse iezetiv a alatnoziro atnenopmoc c atnicesnoc ni alacitrev atnenopmoc ed at d aerp eif as eiubert un eram
c ertnid atnerefid etalevined etefarpus uc irumurd ep aerasalped al ac adnamocer eS d c is c al rai eram eif asim eif as atnerefid enil is ignul iralevined uc irumurd ep aerasalped ac
etse iulurozitroma la atnetsizer ed uidem lutneicifeoC
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rozitroma nu urtnep acirtemisa avisergorp erazitroma ed acitsiretcaraC ni atatnezerp etse eracracsed ed epapus uc 137 arugif
eracracsed ed epapus uc rozitroma nu urtnep acirtemisa avisergorp erazitroma ed acitsiretcaraC137giF
6 helliparugif metsaonucer aS
itca ed msinacem uc eitcerid ed iulumetsis aitcurtsnoC81giF 1 lartnec retalurtap is targetni alor is clem uc erano - atezuftrop
2- 3 atezuf - 4 roletezuf elereivel - 5 atpaerd ateleib - 6 lartnec iuluretalurtap la atpaerd nid lureivel - 7 adnamoc ed lureivel - lumsinacem8 eranoitca ed - rab( eitcerid ed alasrevsnart arab 9 )enuixenoc ed a - agnats nid ateleib
atanoitcarf etse alasrevsnart arab atnednepedni eisnepsus uc atanoitcarf ataf nid aetnup uc rolelibomotua luzac nI iert raihc uas auod ed taulerp etse eitcerid ed iuluzepart lulor rai itrap iert raihc uas auod ni esupsid erab uc emsinacem
itor ertni lasrevsnart ed lumsinacem uc atanoitcarf etnup o urtnep eitcerid ed iulumetsis aitcurtsnoc atatnezerp etse 81 arugif nI
arutal azaemrof uas elerobra uc adnamoc ed lureivel( ieitcerid aisimsnart ni targetni eranoitca iuluretalurtap a agnats nidlartnec retalurtap uc ieitcerid aisimsnart uc is )lartnec
atatpoda erazinagro ed aitulos ed edniped rolitor iexa eletaps ni uas ataf ni lartnec iuluretalurtap aerenupsiD iululibomotua a ataf nid anoz urtnep
zaesalped es acaD lunalp ni rol aerenuparpus al anap lartnec iuluretalurtap ela elaretal elereivel urtnec erps asolof etaop es rad adigir etnup o urtnep cirtemis lartnec reivel uc ieitcerid aisimsnart enitbo es iululibomotua la naidem i
etnI atanoitcarf aetnup urtnep is lureivel raihc etse adnamoc ed lureivel tacni leftsa eranoitca ed iulumsinacem aerarg
azaerc es rad adnamoc ed ieisimsnart aitcurtsnoc acilpmoc eS ieitcerid a atrof ed aisimsnart acifilpmis lartnecalger timrep erac rolemsinacem iirenupsid aetatilibisop iitcerid auod apud iulunalov ieitizop aer
7 eitcerid ed iulumetsis eletnemadnaR
dnibesoed eretimsnart ed lusnes ed eitcnuf ni arefid eranoitca ed iulumsinacem lutnemadnaR al ed tcerid lutnemadnar adnamoc ed lureivel al nalov η d is η nalov erps adnamoc ed lureivel al ed srevni lutnemadnar i
aitaler uc amirpxe etaop es eranoitca ed iulumsinacem la tcerid lutnenadnar 241 arugif nid amehcs dnaredisnoC
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fid( srevni lutnemadnar taced eram iam i tac uc eram iam tata uc etse atnere a )eram iam etse cim iam tac eif as srevni lutnemadnar ac rasecen etse nitup iam tac atmis es as nalov al elirucos ac urtneP
lumsinacem rad )libisreveri etse eranoitca ed lumsinacem acad nalov al tmis es un elirucos( as eiubert eranoitca ed erariv ed iiznemoc aeratecni apud uinilitcer iulusrem eraotaznupseroc aitizop al iulunalov a atamotua aerinever atimrep
)azaezilibats es aitcerid( v al refos ed atatlovzed atrof ac eiubert eraosu irecudnoc ienu aerarugisa urtneP al N 05hellip04 acsaesaped un as nalo
eS N 052 ed nalov al amixam atrof o atpecca es enaoimacotua al ezubotua is enaoimacotua al N 061hellip001 emsirutotua atnidnet etse rad eitcerid ed emsinacemovres acsaesolof es as N 002 ed iram iam etrof urtnep ac adnamocer al is ac
iitceridovres acsaesolof es as acim asalc ed emsirutotua
8 rubmat is itobas ertnid iulucoj a aunitnoc atamotua eralger ed evitizopsiD
s ep enuitcirf uc)a rubmat is itobas ertnid iulucoj a aunitnoc atamotua eralger ed evitizopsiD212giF 1 toba - 2 relat ep taxif tlob -
is ienarf lurelat ep taxif 1 lutlob etsesolof es a212 arugif nid iuluvitizopsid luzac nIδ lucoj uc tatnom rsquo iretni ni ela etnenopmoc etlalelec uc anuerpmi atsaecA 2 iescub luro
rtni iulutobas a 4 amini ep atatnom etse iuluvitizopsid - iram iam inuisnemid uc acitpile aruag o rubmat ertnid lamron lucoj iamcot atnizerper jatnom ed lucoJ iescub la roiretxe lurtemaid taced
is 6 ladiocile lucra is 5 atiluip uc 3 enuitcirf ed elebias ertni asnarts etse iulutobas aminI tobas taced eram iam etse enuitcirf ed elebias is iulutobas amini ertni eretsan ai erac eracerf ed atroF
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lbmasna ronu lurdac ni vitcurtsnoc etazilaer is etatart tnus esuder tirabag ed rolinuisnemid inuitcnuf rorac ela ecinu irueleraotamru atnese ni tnus
- itor al iululibomotua iitatuerg aeretimsnart - eiresorac uas urdac al itor al ed enuitcaer ed roletnemom is roletrof aeretimsnart - uas urdac al itor al ed esimsnart ecimanid roliraticilos aeratimil eiresorac - etatropsnart elirufram is irotalac urtnep tacidir iam tac trofnoc iunu aerazilaer - elac is itor ertni tnatsnoc is uunitnoc iulutcatnoc aerarugisa - nepsus iiretabzed lupmit ni airesorac uas luisas uc tropar ni rolitor iiracsim a asicerp aeradihg ieis - eirotceiart ep iitatilibats aerarugisa - erasalped ed iitidnoc esrevid ni iululibomotua iulurbilihce aerarugisa
2 rea ed enrep auod uc etaps eraotom iitnup a eradihg ed is eratnom ed TLUANER metsiS
sus iam ed arugif nI tnom ed lumetsis atnizerp es alemal is erenitsus ed acilobarap alemalimes uc eradihg ed is era
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cilobarap elemalimeS - emele ed lor etnemele uc acida atxim ataredisnoc if etaop aisnepsus ac leftsa ecitsale etn elanidutignol etarb auod nirp asart adigir etnup lupit ed etse aitcurtsnoC ecitamuenp etnemele uc is latem nid ecitsale
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ale lutnemele nitsus acim emignul uc etaps nid lutapac nirp azaetnom es rea ed ienrep la roirepus lutropuS citamuenp cits nu uc tropus nu azaetnom es iuluretrac iepmort anoz ni iulunoregnol a araoirefni aetrap eP noregnol ep ataxif asnalf o ep
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ni atatnezerp etse )rolitovip axa( iitor a eracarb ed axa etsep asuparpus iulurozitroma axa uc nosrehPcaM iitnup amehcSnu azaicosa es i iitnup iulumsinaceM 016 arugif tnus exa ierac ela yOx atnirefer ed metsis
- iulurozitroma axa uc alelarap axa etse yO axa - yO axa ep aralucidneprep etse xO axa
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aeraolav ed eitcnuf ni enuitcirf ed iirutinrag a urbilihce ed aitidnoc nid animreted es N alamron atroF iulunotsip a eranoitca ed ietrof
10 SNNNS )532(
μ arutinrag is csid ertnid eracerf ed lutneicifeoc etse μ ednu rsquo a acilatem aetrap ertnid eracerf ed lutneicifeoc etseμ( ietucalp ela eradihg ed eletnemele is ietucalp rsquo )10hellip500 =
dnirg bus etatnom elirucra)b drahnaP arab is iitnup iiznirg arpusaed etatnom elirucra)c iitnup a ep ed rolirucra eliruihco ed etinifed roletnemges elecaoljim dninu enitbo es b is a eliruzac urtnep uilur ed lurtneC
p uc atunitbo leftsa atpaerd dnatcesretni is atpaerd ep ed is agnats eirtemis ed naidem lunal ed tnerefidni iululibomotua la naidem lunalp uc drahnaP ierab aitcesretni al etsesag es uilur ed lurtnec c luzac nI
iroenu aredisnoc es muc asa ierab lucoljim al un is etnup ed ataf ierab aeranoitizop
4 p tp luclac ed etnemelE iulurozitroma ajit nid eletrof enimreted es as nosrehPcM aetnu lasrevsnart iulutarb luidemretni nirp tata timsnart es eletrof ac aeeca etse itnup ietseca a avitcurtsnoc aetatiralucitraP
cem nid tata etrap ecaf erac iulurozitroma luidemretni nirp is tac asiluc iamcot eutitsnoc( iitor la eradihg ed lumsinaeisnepsus nid is tac )atnalicso
ni atatnezerp etse )rolitovip axa( iitor a eracarb ed axa etsep asuparpus iulurozitroma axa uc nosrehPcaM iitnup amehcSnu azaicosa es i iitnup iulumsinaceM 016 arugif tnus exa ierac ela yOx atnirefer ed metsis
- iulurozitroma axa uc alelarap axa etse yO axa - yO axa ep aralucidneprep etse xO axa
la atnirefer ed lumetsis ed ataf iulutovip la alasrevsnart eranilcni ed luihgnu uc titor etse lumetsis ac atatsnoc eSmotua nid etrap dnacaf ac taredisnoc rozitroma is ietezuf luproc ertnid acirefs aitalucitra etse roirefni lutoviP iululibo
iulurozitroma luproc ertnid aitalucitra ni A etrof ienu is lasrevsnart lutarb ni B etrof ienu eretsan ad Z ataor al alamron aenuitcaeR ajit
B acida sela atnirefer ed lumetsis ed ataf rol eletnenopmoc nirp etatnezerper tnus erac etrof eiresorac is iulurozitroma x isBy A vitcepser x A is y
A atnenopmoC x acida cirefs lutovip ed ataf etnemom ed aitauce nid animreted es
oCbGZAbGZoCA sn
xsn
x 22
2 )846(
G ednu sn etnup ep atadnepsusen aetatuerg etse d = b t gt times d + etnup urtnep avitcurtsnoc atnatsnoc o etse δ aredisnoc es iitor aeretabzed ed eitcnuf alibairav atnatsid o etse o+ C anicras uc tacracni iululibomotua luzac
alanimon etnenopmoc eleraotamru nitbo es ataor al elamron iinuitcaer aerenupmocsed nirP
nis2
snx
GZZ is soc2
sny
GZZ )946(
B atnenopmoC x lutovip nid xO ep roletrof a urbilihce ed aitauce nid animreted es cirefs
nis2 oC
bGZB snx )056(
B atnenopmoC y aitaler uc animreted es cirefs lutovip nid gtBB xy )156(
A atnenopmoc animreted es yO ep roletrof a urbilihce ed aitauce niD y
asn
yyy FgtoC
bGZBZA socnis2
)256(
etimsnart o erac ep atrof acida ieisnepsus lucra nid atrof iamcot etse aE etnalicso ecitsale eraoirepus ieitalucitra lucra ni is iulurozitroma iejit lujadihg ni rapa erac eraoteiat roletrof aeranimreted etse nosrehPcaM iitnup cificepS
ce nid animreted es elE iulurozitroma ajit nid roteiovocni lutnemom is mucerp uas lunotsip iejit ela urbilihce ed eliitau eliitaler uc iulurozitroma
ol
lAC xx xxx ACK oAM xti )356(
liitaler uc animreted es iitalucitra auod elec nid etnatluzer eletroF e
22yx AAA is 22
yx BBB )456(
eracarb ed axa etsep asuparpus iulurozitroma axa uc nosrehPcM aetnup urtnep luclac ed luledoM016giF
5 erazitroma ed acitsiretcaraC erazitroma ed acitsiretcaraC F iulurozitroma a atnetsizer ed atrof ertnid atnedneped atnizerper a a erasalped ed azetiv is
v iulunotsip p aitaler ed atinifed etse aE iulurozitroma lurdnilic ni )eiresorac ed ataf iitor a alacitrev ep avitaler azetiv( i
pa vcF )217(
iulurozitroma la atnetsizer ed lutneicifeoc etse c ednu )2ltilt0( iezetiv lutnenopxe etse i
ed edniped i iulutnenopxe aeraolaV aetatizocsav is rolepapus aitcurtsnoc etarbilac roliicifiro elinuisnemid if etaop 037 arugif ni arula ac atatnezerp erazitroma ed acitsiretcarac i lutnenopxe ed eitcnuf nI iuludihcil
acitsiretcarac bus ed atafarpus etse atapisid aeretuP
erazitroma ed icitsiretcarac ed irupiT037giF avisergorp acitsiretcaraC uc tropar ni iitor ela esuder ezetiv al icim tnus atnetsizer ed eletrof ac lujatnava atnizerpc atado dipar cserc is )enil irurutnoc uc ignul itatiralugeren era lumurd asuder azetiv uc iululibomotua aerasalped( airesora
roliitalicso iezetiv aeretserc uc aviserger acitsiretcaraC icso ela iram ezetiv al etnetsizer roletrof aeraolav ac lujatnava era asuder iam etse roliital
icim iam tnus ieiresorac timsnart es erac eletrof iced )2=i( acilobarap aec etse amitpo acitsiretcaraC evisergorp iicitsiretcarac luzac ni rozitroma nirp ieiresorac timsnart es erac roletrof aeraolav ecuder a urtneP
e atseca uc tuzaverp ets eracracsed ed epapus eram aerp enived roliitalicso a avitaler azetiv dnac dihcsed es erac erasecen tnus eracracsed ed elepapuS tnel iam etserc erazitroma ed atrof rai cseram es dihcil urtnep erecert ed elinuitces
iranoitcnuf luzac nu is rolirucos luzac ni uas etserc iuludihcil aetatizocsav dnac etuzacs irutarepmet al iulurozitroma i etsemun es dihcsed es eracracsed ed elepapus erac al iulunotsip azetiV etsurb v acitirc azetiv rc ni esnirpuc irolav uc
sm 050510 lulavretni ifeoC ed asruc urtnep is eramirpmoc ed asruc urtnep etirefid irolav era iulurozitroma la atnetsizer ed lutneic
rai erednitsed acirtemisa etse erazitroma ed acitsiretcarac ep atnetsizer ed iitneicifeoc ertni elautca eleraozitroma aL taler atsixe esruc auod elec ai
cd cc 52 )317( c iitneicifeoc ertnid atnerefiD d c is c etlum iam atnizerp iulumurd atafarpus tac uC iulumurd elitatiralugeren ed edniped
c itatiralugeren o etsep iitor aerecert al eceraoed eram iam eif as eiubert itneicifeoc iod iec ertnid atnerefid tata u etseloco erac eram atrof o etimsnart es rozitroma nirp rai etserc etadnepsusen iesam azetiv atnenimeorp eralevined
cA ieisnepsus la citsale lutnemele c iulutneicifeoc aeraroscim nirp asuder if etaop atrof atsae c ecert ataor dnaC eceraoed lumurd uc lutcatnoc edreip etaop ataor iram ezetiv uc azaesalped es lulibomotua rai iruticnada etsep
af eram iam tlum etse iezetiv a alatnoziro atnenopmoc c atnicesnoc ni alacitrev atnenopmoc ed at d aerp eif as eiubert un eram
c ertnid atnerefid etalevined etefarpus uc irumurd ep aerasalped al ac adnamocer eS d c is c al rai eram eif asim eif as atnerefid enil is ignul iralevined uc irumurd ep aerasalped ac
etse iulurozitroma la atnetsizer ed uidem lutneicifeoC
2
dc ccc )417(
rozitroma nu urtnep acirtemisa avisergorp erazitroma ed acitsiretcaraC ni atatnezerp etse eracracsed ed epapus uc 137 arugif
eracracsed ed epapus uc rozitroma nu urtnep acirtemisa avisergorp erazitroma ed acitsiretcaraC137giF
6 helliparugif metsaonucer aS
itca ed msinacem uc eitcerid ed iulumetsis aitcurtsnoC81giF 1 lartnec retalurtap is targetni alor is clem uc erano - atezuftrop
2- 3 atezuf - 4 roletezuf elereivel - 5 atpaerd ateleib - 6 lartnec iuluretalurtap la atpaerd nid lureivel - 7 adnamoc ed lureivel - lumsinacem8 eranoitca ed - rab( eitcerid ed alasrevsnart arab 9 )enuixenoc ed a - agnats nid ateleib
atanoitcarf etse alasrevsnart arab atnednepedni eisnepsus uc atanoitcarf ataf nid aetnup uc rolelibomotua luzac nI iert raihc uas auod ed taulerp etse eitcerid ed iuluzepart lulor rai itrap iert raihc uas auod ni esupsid erab uc emsinacem
itor ertni lasrevsnart ed lumsinacem uc atanoitcarf etnup o urtnep eitcerid ed iulumetsis aitcurtsnoc atatnezerp etse 81 arugif nI
arutal azaemrof uas elerobra uc adnamoc ed lureivel( ieitcerid aisimsnart ni targetni eranoitca iuluretalurtap a agnats nidlartnec retalurtap uc ieitcerid aisimsnart uc is )lartnec
atatpoda erazinagro ed aitulos ed edniped rolitor iexa eletaps ni uas ataf ni lartnec iuluretalurtap aerenupsiD iululibomotua a ataf nid anoz urtnep
zaesalped es acaD lunalp ni rol aerenuparpus al anap lartnec iuluretalurtap ela elaretal elereivel urtnec erps asolof etaop es rad adigir etnup o urtnep cirtemis lartnec reivel uc ieitcerid aisimsnart enitbo es iululibomotua la naidem i
etnI atanoitcarf aetnup urtnep is lureivel raihc etse adnamoc ed lureivel tacni leftsa eranoitca ed iulumsinacem aerarg
azaerc es rad adnamoc ed ieisimsnart aitcurtsnoc acilpmoc eS ieitcerid a atrof ed aisimsnart acifilpmis lartnecalger timrep erac rolemsinacem iirenupsid aetatilibisop iitcerid auod apud iulunalov ieitizop aer
7 eitcerid ed iulumetsis eletnemadnaR
dnibesoed eretimsnart ed lusnes ed eitcnuf ni arefid eranoitca ed iulumsinacem lutnemadnaR al ed tcerid lutnemadnar adnamoc ed lureivel al nalov η d is η nalov erps adnamoc ed lureivel al ed srevni lutnemadnar i
aitaler uc amirpxe etaop es eranoitca ed iulumsinacem la tcerid lutnenadnar 241 arugif nid amehcs dnaredisnoC
a
fafffffd iM
MiMM
MMPP
PPP
1
21
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2211
11
1 111 )011(
M ednu 1f M is 2f eletnemom tnus ed iulumsinacem la sudnoc lutnemele vitcepser rotacudnoc lutnemele al ed eracerf edi eranoitca a M eranoitca ed iulumsinacem la eretimsnart ed lutropar etse 1 elerobra al tatlovzed roiretxe lutnemom etse
iulunalov is acilpa es golana tnemanoitar nU enitbo es is srevni lutnemadnar urtnep
2
21
22
2211
22
2 111M
MiMM
MMPP
PPP fafffff
i )111(
M ednu 2 adnamoc ed iulureivel iulerobra tacilpa roiretxe lutnemom etse
roletnemadnar aeranimreted urtnep eranoitca ed iulumsinacem amehcS241giF
roliitaler azilana niD iam atneulfni o era rotacudnoc iulutnemele eleragal ni aeracerf ac avresbo es )111( is )011(i uc acifilpma es lumirp( eranoitca ed iulureivel elerobra ni aeracerf taced eram a etse tcerid lutnemadnar anuaedtotni is )
fid( srevni lutnemadnar taced eram iam i tac uc eram iam tata uc etse atnere a )eram iam etse cim iam tac eif as srevni lutnemadnar ac rasecen etse nitup iam tac atmis es as nalov al elirucos ac urtneP
lumsinacem rad )libisreveri etse eranoitca ed lumsinacem acad nalov al tmis es un elirucos( as eiubert eranoitca ed erariv ed iiznemoc aeratecni apud uinilitcer iulusrem eraotaznupseroc aitizop al iulunalov a atamotua aerinever atimrep
)azaezilibats es aitcerid( v al refos ed atatlovzed atrof ac eiubert eraosu irecudnoc ienu aerarugisa urtneP al N 05hellip04 acsaesaped un as nalo
eS N 052 ed nalov al amixam atrof o atpecca es enaoimacotua al ezubotua is enaoimacotua al N 061hellip001 emsirutotua atnidnet etse rad eitcerid ed emsinacemovres acsaesolof es as N 002 ed iram iam etrof urtnep ac adnamocer al is ac
iitceridovres acsaesolof es as acim asalc ed emsirutotua
8 rubmat is itobas ertnid iulucoj a aunitnoc atamotua eralger ed evitizopsiD
s ep enuitcirf uc)a rubmat is itobas ertnid iulucoj a aunitnoc atamotua eralger ed evitizopsiD212giF 1 toba - 2 relat ep taxif tlob -
is ienarf lurelat ep taxif 1 lutlob etsesolof es a212 arugif nid iuluvitizopsid luzac nIδ lucoj uc tatnom rsquo iretni ni ela etnenopmoc etlalelec uc anuerpmi atsaecA 2 iescub luro
rtni iulutobas a 4 amini ep atatnom etse iuluvitizopsid - iram iam inuisnemid uc acitpile aruag o rubmat ertnid lamron lucoj iamcot atnizerper jatnom ed lucoJ iescub la roiretxe lurtemaid taced
is 6 ladiocile lucra is 5 atiluip uc 3 enuitcirf ed elebias ertni asnarts etse iulutobas aminI tobas taced eram iam etse enuitcirf ed elebias is iulutobas amini ertni eretsan ai erac eracerf ed atroF
erac ni luzac nI iulutobas a erecudaer ed iulucra atrof isaped av tobas is rubmat ertnid lucojδ iulucoj aemiram rsquo ni asalped av es lutobas tlob ed amezer av as ascub ec apud eranarf al
lucra eranarf apuD eracerf ed eletrof egnivni erac eranoitca ed ietrof aenuitca bus eraunitnocas azaetraped erecudaer ed δ lucoj uc iamun rubmat ed lutob rsquo atrof egnivni etaop un eceraoed
iuluvitizopsid a anretni eracerf ed nid atsnoc is rotpecer iulurdnilic luroiretni ni tatnom etse b212 arugif nid luvitizopsiD
iulurdnilic lujazela ep cinretup asapa erac 5 lutnemges δ lucoj uc tatnom etse is rsquo nid lulanac ni erecudaer ed iulucra atrof taced eram iam etse tnemges is urdnilic ertnid eracerf ed atroF notsip
tnedecerp luzac nid aeeca uc eraotanamesa etse aeranoitcnuf rai iulutobas a
9 eranarf ed lutnemoM sihcsed pit csid anarf tp eranarf ed lutnemoM 812 arugif nid amehcs dnisolof animreted es
sihcsed pit ed csid anarf urtnep luclac ed amehcS812giF ρ=Ad eira ed lutnemele ep alamron atroF
d ρ
d p=Nd etse θ
Fd etse eracerf ed atrof Ad f μ=
m Nd lutnemoMd if av O lurtnec uc tropar ni ratnemele eracerf ed f ρ=
Fd f n urtnep eracerf ed latot lutnemom rai f ed ihcerep if av iinuiserp a amrofinu eitubirtsid is eracerf ed etefarpus
fie
r
rfff nrrpddnpddnpM
e
i
3322
32
)332(
r(α[N=AN=p etseiucolni es acaD e2-ri
2 enived eranarf ed iulutnemom aiserpxe ])
fmie
ieff nrN
rrrrnN
M 22
33
32
)432(
s ednu - taton a 22
33
32
ie
iem rr
rrr
r alpmis iam aitaler azaezilitu es iidem iezar luluclac urtnep acitcarp nI m r( = e r + i raore 2) luclac ed ae4 dnisapeden
r adnamocer es elauzu eliitcurtsnoc urtneP i r e is 570hellip6o = 05hellip54 = α2 0
aeraolav ed eitcnuf ni enuitcirf ed iirutinrag a urbilihce ed aitidnoc nid animreted es N alamron atroF iulunotsip a eranoitca ed ietrof
10 SNNNS )532(
μ arutinrag is csid ertnid eracerf ed lutneicifeoc etse μ ednu rsquo a acilatem aetrap ertnid eracerf ed lutneicifeoc etseμ( ietucalp ela eradihg ed eletnemele is ietucalp rsquo )10hellip500 =
B atnenopmoC x lutovip nid xO ep roletrof a urbilihce ed aitauce nid animreted es cirefs
nis2 oC
bGZB snx )056(
B atnenopmoC y aitaler uc animreted es cirefs lutovip nid gtBB xy )156(
A atnenopmoc animreted es yO ep roletrof a urbilihce ed aitauce niD y
asn
yyy FgtoC
bGZBZA socnis2
)256(
etimsnart o erac ep atrof acida ieisnepsus lucra nid atrof iamcot etse aE etnalicso ecitsale eraoirepus ieitalucitra lucra ni is iulurozitroma iejit lujadihg ni rapa erac eraoteiat roletrof aeranimreted etse nosrehPcaM iitnup cificepS
ce nid animreted es elE iulurozitroma ajit nid roteiovocni lutnemom is mucerp uas lunotsip iejit ela urbilihce ed eliitau eliitaler uc iulurozitroma
ol
lAC xx xxx ACK oAM xti )356(
liitaler uc animreted es iitalucitra auod elec nid etnatluzer eletroF e
22yx AAA is 22
yx BBB )456(
eracarb ed axa etsep asuparpus iulurozitroma axa uc nosrehPcM aetnup urtnep luclac ed luledoM016giF
5 erazitroma ed acitsiretcaraC erazitroma ed acitsiretcaraC F iulurozitroma a atnetsizer ed atrof ertnid atnedneped atnizerper a a erasalped ed azetiv is
v iulunotsip p aitaler ed atinifed etse aE iulurozitroma lurdnilic ni )eiresorac ed ataf iitor a alacitrev ep avitaler azetiv( i
pa vcF )217(
iulurozitroma la atnetsizer ed lutneicifeoc etse c ednu )2ltilt0( iezetiv lutnenopxe etse i
ed edniped i iulutnenopxe aeraolaV aetatizocsav is rolepapus aitcurtsnoc etarbilac roliicifiro elinuisnemid if etaop 037 arugif ni arula ac atatnezerp erazitroma ed acitsiretcarac i lutnenopxe ed eitcnuf nI iuludihcil
acitsiretcarac bus ed atafarpus etse atapisid aeretuP
erazitroma ed icitsiretcarac ed irupiT037giF avisergorp acitsiretcaraC uc tropar ni iitor ela esuder ezetiv al icim tnus atnetsizer ed eletrof ac lujatnava atnizerpc atado dipar cserc is )enil irurutnoc uc ignul itatiralugeren era lumurd asuder azetiv uc iululibomotua aerasalped( airesora
roliitalicso iezetiv aeretserc uc aviserger acitsiretcaraC icso ela iram ezetiv al etnetsizer roletrof aeraolav ac lujatnava era asuder iam etse roliital
icim iam tnus ieiresorac timsnart es erac eletrof iced )2=i( acilobarap aec etse amitpo acitsiretcaraC evisergorp iicitsiretcarac luzac ni rozitroma nirp ieiresorac timsnart es erac roletrof aeraolav ecuder a urtneP
e atseca uc tuzaverp ets eracracsed ed epapus eram aerp enived roliitalicso a avitaler azetiv dnac dihcsed es erac erasecen tnus eracracsed ed elepapuS tnel iam etserc erazitroma ed atrof rai cseram es dihcil urtnep erecert ed elinuitces
iranoitcnuf luzac nu is rolirucos luzac ni uas etserc iuludihcil aetatizocsav dnac etuzacs irutarepmet al iulurozitroma i etsemun es dihcsed es eracracsed ed elepapus erac al iulunotsip azetiV etsurb v acitirc azetiv rc ni esnirpuc irolav uc
sm 050510 lulavretni ifeoC ed asruc urtnep is eramirpmoc ed asruc urtnep etirefid irolav era iulurozitroma la atnetsizer ed lutneic
rai erednitsed acirtemisa etse erazitroma ed acitsiretcarac ep atnetsizer ed iitneicifeoc ertni elautca eleraozitroma aL taler atsixe esruc auod elec ai
cd cc 52 )317( c iitneicifeoc ertnid atnerefiD d c is c etlum iam atnizerp iulumurd atafarpus tac uC iulumurd elitatiralugeren ed edniped
c itatiralugeren o etsep iitor aerecert al eceraoed eram iam eif as eiubert itneicifeoc iod iec ertnid atnerefid tata u etseloco erac eram atrof o etimsnart es rozitroma nirp rai etserc etadnepsusen iesam azetiv atnenimeorp eralevined
cA ieisnepsus la citsale lutnemele c iulutneicifeoc aeraroscim nirp asuder if etaop atrof atsae c ecert ataor dnaC eceraoed lumurd uc lutcatnoc edreip etaop ataor iram ezetiv uc azaesalped es lulibomotua rai iruticnada etsep
af eram iam tlum etse iezetiv a alatnoziro atnenopmoc c atnicesnoc ni alacitrev atnenopmoc ed at d aerp eif as eiubert un eram
c ertnid atnerefid etalevined etefarpus uc irumurd ep aerasalped al ac adnamocer eS d c is c al rai eram eif asim eif as atnerefid enil is ignul iralevined uc irumurd ep aerasalped ac
etse iulurozitroma la atnetsizer ed uidem lutneicifeoC
2
dc ccc )417(
rozitroma nu urtnep acirtemisa avisergorp erazitroma ed acitsiretcaraC ni atatnezerp etse eracracsed ed epapus uc 137 arugif
eracracsed ed epapus uc rozitroma nu urtnep acirtemisa avisergorp erazitroma ed acitsiretcaraC137giF
6 helliparugif metsaonucer aS
itca ed msinacem uc eitcerid ed iulumetsis aitcurtsnoC81giF 1 lartnec retalurtap is targetni alor is clem uc erano - atezuftrop
2- 3 atezuf - 4 roletezuf elereivel - 5 atpaerd ateleib - 6 lartnec iuluretalurtap la atpaerd nid lureivel - 7 adnamoc ed lureivel - lumsinacem8 eranoitca ed - rab( eitcerid ed alasrevsnart arab 9 )enuixenoc ed a - agnats nid ateleib
atanoitcarf etse alasrevsnart arab atnednepedni eisnepsus uc atanoitcarf ataf nid aetnup uc rolelibomotua luzac nI iert raihc uas auod ed taulerp etse eitcerid ed iuluzepart lulor rai itrap iert raihc uas auod ni esupsid erab uc emsinacem
itor ertni lasrevsnart ed lumsinacem uc atanoitcarf etnup o urtnep eitcerid ed iulumetsis aitcurtsnoc atatnezerp etse 81 arugif nI
arutal azaemrof uas elerobra uc adnamoc ed lureivel( ieitcerid aisimsnart ni targetni eranoitca iuluretalurtap a agnats nidlartnec retalurtap uc ieitcerid aisimsnart uc is )lartnec
atatpoda erazinagro ed aitulos ed edniped rolitor iexa eletaps ni uas ataf ni lartnec iuluretalurtap aerenupsiD iululibomotua a ataf nid anoz urtnep
zaesalped es acaD lunalp ni rol aerenuparpus al anap lartnec iuluretalurtap ela elaretal elereivel urtnec erps asolof etaop es rad adigir etnup o urtnep cirtemis lartnec reivel uc ieitcerid aisimsnart enitbo es iululibomotua la naidem i
etnI atanoitcarf aetnup urtnep is lureivel raihc etse adnamoc ed lureivel tacni leftsa eranoitca ed iulumsinacem aerarg
azaerc es rad adnamoc ed ieisimsnart aitcurtsnoc acilpmoc eS ieitcerid a atrof ed aisimsnart acifilpmis lartnecalger timrep erac rolemsinacem iirenupsid aetatilibisop iitcerid auod apud iulunalov ieitizop aer
7 eitcerid ed iulumetsis eletnemadnaR
dnibesoed eretimsnart ed lusnes ed eitcnuf ni arefid eranoitca ed iulumsinacem lutnemadnaR al ed tcerid lutnemadnar adnamoc ed lureivel al nalov η d is η nalov erps adnamoc ed lureivel al ed srevni lutnemadnar i
aitaler uc amirpxe etaop es eranoitca ed iulumsinacem la tcerid lutnenadnar 241 arugif nid amehcs dnaredisnoC
a
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M ednu 1f M is 2f eletnemom tnus ed iulumsinacem la sudnoc lutnemele vitcepser rotacudnoc lutnemele al ed eracerf edi eranoitca a M eranoitca ed iulumsinacem la eretimsnart ed lutropar etse 1 elerobra al tatlovzed roiretxe lutnemom etse
iulunalov is acilpa es golana tnemanoitar nU enitbo es is srevni lutnemadnar urtnep
2
21
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2 111M
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M ednu 2 adnamoc ed iulureivel iulerobra tacilpa roiretxe lutnemom etse
roletnemadnar aeranimreted urtnep eranoitca ed iulumsinacem amehcS241giF
roliitaler azilana niD iam atneulfni o era rotacudnoc iulutnemele eleragal ni aeracerf ac avresbo es )111( is )011(i uc acifilpma es lumirp( eranoitca ed iulureivel elerobra ni aeracerf taced eram a etse tcerid lutnemadnar anuaedtotni is )
fid( srevni lutnemadnar taced eram iam i tac uc eram iam tata uc etse atnere a )eram iam etse cim iam tac eif as srevni lutnemadnar ac rasecen etse nitup iam tac atmis es as nalov al elirucos ac urtneP
lumsinacem rad )libisreveri etse eranoitca ed lumsinacem acad nalov al tmis es un elirucos( as eiubert eranoitca ed erariv ed iiznemoc aeratecni apud uinilitcer iulusrem eraotaznupseroc aitizop al iulunalov a atamotua aerinever atimrep
)azaezilibats es aitcerid( v al refos ed atatlovzed atrof ac eiubert eraosu irecudnoc ienu aerarugisa urtneP al N 05hellip04 acsaesaped un as nalo
eS N 052 ed nalov al amixam atrof o atpecca es enaoimacotua al ezubotua is enaoimacotua al N 061hellip001 emsirutotua atnidnet etse rad eitcerid ed emsinacemovres acsaesolof es as N 002 ed iram iam etrof urtnep ac adnamocer al is ac
iitceridovres acsaesolof es as acim asalc ed emsirutotua
8 rubmat is itobas ertnid iulucoj a aunitnoc atamotua eralger ed evitizopsiD
s ep enuitcirf uc)a rubmat is itobas ertnid iulucoj a aunitnoc atamotua eralger ed evitizopsiD212giF 1 toba - 2 relat ep taxif tlob -
is ienarf lurelat ep taxif 1 lutlob etsesolof es a212 arugif nid iuluvitizopsid luzac nIδ lucoj uc tatnom rsquo iretni ni ela etnenopmoc etlalelec uc anuerpmi atsaecA 2 iescub luro
rtni iulutobas a 4 amini ep atatnom etse iuluvitizopsid - iram iam inuisnemid uc acitpile aruag o rubmat ertnid lamron lucoj iamcot atnizerper jatnom ed lucoJ iescub la roiretxe lurtemaid taced
is 6 ladiocile lucra is 5 atiluip uc 3 enuitcirf ed elebias ertni asnarts etse iulutobas aminI tobas taced eram iam etse enuitcirf ed elebias is iulutobas amini ertni eretsan ai erac eracerf ed atroF
erac ni luzac nI iulutobas a erecudaer ed iulucra atrof isaped av tobas is rubmat ertnid lucojδ iulucoj aemiram rsquo ni asalped av es lutobas tlob ed amezer av as ascub ec apud eranarf al
lucra eranarf apuD eracerf ed eletrof egnivni erac eranoitca ed ietrof aenuitca bus eraunitnocas azaetraped erecudaer ed δ lucoj uc iamun rubmat ed lutob rsquo atrof egnivni etaop un eceraoed
iuluvitizopsid a anretni eracerf ed nid atsnoc is rotpecer iulurdnilic luroiretni ni tatnom etse b212 arugif nid luvitizopsiD
iulurdnilic lujazela ep cinretup asapa erac 5 lutnemges δ lucoj uc tatnom etse is rsquo nid lulanac ni erecudaer ed iulucra atrof taced eram iam etse tnemges is urdnilic ertnid eracerf ed atroF notsip
tnedecerp luzac nid aeeca uc eraotanamesa etse aeranoitcnuf rai iulutobas a
9 eranarf ed lutnemoM sihcsed pit csid anarf tp eranarf ed lutnemoM 812 arugif nid amehcs dnisolof animreted es
sihcsed pit ed csid anarf urtnep luclac ed amehcS812giF ρ=Ad eira ed lutnemele ep alamron atroF
d ρ
d p=Nd etse θ
Fd etse eracerf ed atrof Ad f μ=
m Nd lutnemoMd if av O lurtnec uc tropar ni ratnemele eracerf ed f ρ=
Fd f n urtnep eracerf ed latot lutnemom rai f ed ihcerep if av iinuiserp a amrofinu eitubirtsid is eracerf ed etefarpus
fie
r
rfff nrrpddnpddnpM
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r(α[N=AN=p etseiucolni es acaD e2-ri
2 enived eranarf ed iulutnemom aiserpxe ])
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s ednu - taton a 22
33
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ie
iem rr
rrr
r alpmis iam aitaler azaezilitu es iidem iezar luluclac urtnep acitcarp nI m r( = e r + i raore 2) luclac ed ae4 dnisapeden
r adnamocer es elauzu eliitcurtsnoc urtneP i r e is 570hellip6o = 05hellip54 = α2 0
aeraolav ed eitcnuf ni enuitcirf ed iirutinrag a urbilihce ed aitidnoc nid animreted es N alamron atroF iulunotsip a eranoitca ed ietrof
10 SNNNS )532(
μ arutinrag is csid ertnid eracerf ed lutneicifeoc etse μ ednu rsquo a acilatem aetrap ertnid eracerf ed lutneicifeoc etseμ( ietucalp ela eradihg ed eletnemele is ietucalp rsquo )10hellip500 =
5 erazitroma ed acitsiretcaraC erazitroma ed acitsiretcaraC F iulurozitroma a atnetsizer ed atrof ertnid atnedneped atnizerper a a erasalped ed azetiv is
v iulunotsip p aitaler ed atinifed etse aE iulurozitroma lurdnilic ni )eiresorac ed ataf iitor a alacitrev ep avitaler azetiv( i
pa vcF )217(
iulurozitroma la atnetsizer ed lutneicifeoc etse c ednu )2ltilt0( iezetiv lutnenopxe etse i
ed edniped i iulutnenopxe aeraolaV aetatizocsav is rolepapus aitcurtsnoc etarbilac roliicifiro elinuisnemid if etaop 037 arugif ni arula ac atatnezerp erazitroma ed acitsiretcarac i lutnenopxe ed eitcnuf nI iuludihcil
acitsiretcarac bus ed atafarpus etse atapisid aeretuP
erazitroma ed icitsiretcarac ed irupiT037giF avisergorp acitsiretcaraC uc tropar ni iitor ela esuder ezetiv al icim tnus atnetsizer ed eletrof ac lujatnava atnizerpc atado dipar cserc is )enil irurutnoc uc ignul itatiralugeren era lumurd asuder azetiv uc iululibomotua aerasalped( airesora
roliitalicso iezetiv aeretserc uc aviserger acitsiretcaraC icso ela iram ezetiv al etnetsizer roletrof aeraolav ac lujatnava era asuder iam etse roliital
icim iam tnus ieiresorac timsnart es erac eletrof iced )2=i( acilobarap aec etse amitpo acitsiretcaraC evisergorp iicitsiretcarac luzac ni rozitroma nirp ieiresorac timsnart es erac roletrof aeraolav ecuder a urtneP
e atseca uc tuzaverp ets eracracsed ed epapus eram aerp enived roliitalicso a avitaler azetiv dnac dihcsed es erac erasecen tnus eracracsed ed elepapuS tnel iam etserc erazitroma ed atrof rai cseram es dihcil urtnep erecert ed elinuitces
iranoitcnuf luzac nu is rolirucos luzac ni uas etserc iuludihcil aetatizocsav dnac etuzacs irutarepmet al iulurozitroma i etsemun es dihcsed es eracracsed ed elepapus erac al iulunotsip azetiV etsurb v acitirc azetiv rc ni esnirpuc irolav uc
sm 050510 lulavretni ifeoC ed asruc urtnep is eramirpmoc ed asruc urtnep etirefid irolav era iulurozitroma la atnetsizer ed lutneic
rai erednitsed acirtemisa etse erazitroma ed acitsiretcarac ep atnetsizer ed iitneicifeoc ertni elautca eleraozitroma aL taler atsixe esruc auod elec ai
cd cc 52 )317( c iitneicifeoc ertnid atnerefiD d c is c etlum iam atnizerp iulumurd atafarpus tac uC iulumurd elitatiralugeren ed edniped
c itatiralugeren o etsep iitor aerecert al eceraoed eram iam eif as eiubert itneicifeoc iod iec ertnid atnerefid tata u etseloco erac eram atrof o etimsnart es rozitroma nirp rai etserc etadnepsusen iesam azetiv atnenimeorp eralevined
cA ieisnepsus la citsale lutnemele c iulutneicifeoc aeraroscim nirp asuder if etaop atrof atsae c ecert ataor dnaC eceraoed lumurd uc lutcatnoc edreip etaop ataor iram ezetiv uc azaesalped es lulibomotua rai iruticnada etsep
af eram iam tlum etse iezetiv a alatnoziro atnenopmoc c atnicesnoc ni alacitrev atnenopmoc ed at d aerp eif as eiubert un eram
c ertnid atnerefid etalevined etefarpus uc irumurd ep aerasalped al ac adnamocer eS d c is c al rai eram eif asim eif as atnerefid enil is ignul iralevined uc irumurd ep aerasalped ac
etse iulurozitroma la atnetsizer ed uidem lutneicifeoC
2
dc ccc )417(
rozitroma nu urtnep acirtemisa avisergorp erazitroma ed acitsiretcaraC ni atatnezerp etse eracracsed ed epapus uc 137 arugif
eracracsed ed epapus uc rozitroma nu urtnep acirtemisa avisergorp erazitroma ed acitsiretcaraC137giF
6 helliparugif metsaonucer aS
itca ed msinacem uc eitcerid ed iulumetsis aitcurtsnoC81giF 1 lartnec retalurtap is targetni alor is clem uc erano - atezuftrop
2- 3 atezuf - 4 roletezuf elereivel - 5 atpaerd ateleib - 6 lartnec iuluretalurtap la atpaerd nid lureivel - 7 adnamoc ed lureivel - lumsinacem8 eranoitca ed - rab( eitcerid ed alasrevsnart arab 9 )enuixenoc ed a - agnats nid ateleib
atanoitcarf etse alasrevsnart arab atnednepedni eisnepsus uc atanoitcarf ataf nid aetnup uc rolelibomotua luzac nI iert raihc uas auod ed taulerp etse eitcerid ed iuluzepart lulor rai itrap iert raihc uas auod ni esupsid erab uc emsinacem
itor ertni lasrevsnart ed lumsinacem uc atanoitcarf etnup o urtnep eitcerid ed iulumetsis aitcurtsnoc atatnezerp etse 81 arugif nI
arutal azaemrof uas elerobra uc adnamoc ed lureivel( ieitcerid aisimsnart ni targetni eranoitca iuluretalurtap a agnats nidlartnec retalurtap uc ieitcerid aisimsnart uc is )lartnec
atatpoda erazinagro ed aitulos ed edniped rolitor iexa eletaps ni uas ataf ni lartnec iuluretalurtap aerenupsiD iululibomotua a ataf nid anoz urtnep
zaesalped es acaD lunalp ni rol aerenuparpus al anap lartnec iuluretalurtap ela elaretal elereivel urtnec erps asolof etaop es rad adigir etnup o urtnep cirtemis lartnec reivel uc ieitcerid aisimsnart enitbo es iululibomotua la naidem i
etnI atanoitcarf aetnup urtnep is lureivel raihc etse adnamoc ed lureivel tacni leftsa eranoitca ed iulumsinacem aerarg
azaerc es rad adnamoc ed ieisimsnart aitcurtsnoc acilpmoc eS ieitcerid a atrof ed aisimsnart acifilpmis lartnecalger timrep erac rolemsinacem iirenupsid aetatilibisop iitcerid auod apud iulunalov ieitizop aer
7 eitcerid ed iulumetsis eletnemadnaR
dnibesoed eretimsnart ed lusnes ed eitcnuf ni arefid eranoitca ed iulumsinacem lutnemadnaR al ed tcerid lutnemadnar adnamoc ed lureivel al nalov η d is η nalov erps adnamoc ed lureivel al ed srevni lutnemadnar i
aitaler uc amirpxe etaop es eranoitca ed iulumsinacem la tcerid lutnenadnar 241 arugif nid amehcs dnaredisnoC
a
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M ednu 1f M is 2f eletnemom tnus ed iulumsinacem la sudnoc lutnemele vitcepser rotacudnoc lutnemele al ed eracerf edi eranoitca a M eranoitca ed iulumsinacem la eretimsnart ed lutropar etse 1 elerobra al tatlovzed roiretxe lutnemom etse
iulunalov is acilpa es golana tnemanoitar nU enitbo es is srevni lutnemadnar urtnep
2
21
22
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2 111M
MiMM
MMPP
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M ednu 2 adnamoc ed iulureivel iulerobra tacilpa roiretxe lutnemom etse
roletnemadnar aeranimreted urtnep eranoitca ed iulumsinacem amehcS241giF
roliitaler azilana niD iam atneulfni o era rotacudnoc iulutnemele eleragal ni aeracerf ac avresbo es )111( is )011(i uc acifilpma es lumirp( eranoitca ed iulureivel elerobra ni aeracerf taced eram a etse tcerid lutnemadnar anuaedtotni is )
fid( srevni lutnemadnar taced eram iam i tac uc eram iam tata uc etse atnere a )eram iam etse cim iam tac eif as srevni lutnemadnar ac rasecen etse nitup iam tac atmis es as nalov al elirucos ac urtneP
lumsinacem rad )libisreveri etse eranoitca ed lumsinacem acad nalov al tmis es un elirucos( as eiubert eranoitca ed erariv ed iiznemoc aeratecni apud uinilitcer iulusrem eraotaznupseroc aitizop al iulunalov a atamotua aerinever atimrep
)azaezilibats es aitcerid( v al refos ed atatlovzed atrof ac eiubert eraosu irecudnoc ienu aerarugisa urtneP al N 05hellip04 acsaesaped un as nalo
eS N 052 ed nalov al amixam atrof o atpecca es enaoimacotua al ezubotua is enaoimacotua al N 061hellip001 emsirutotua atnidnet etse rad eitcerid ed emsinacemovres acsaesolof es as N 002 ed iram iam etrof urtnep ac adnamocer al is ac
iitceridovres acsaesolof es as acim asalc ed emsirutotua
8 rubmat is itobas ertnid iulucoj a aunitnoc atamotua eralger ed evitizopsiD
s ep enuitcirf uc)a rubmat is itobas ertnid iulucoj a aunitnoc atamotua eralger ed evitizopsiD212giF 1 toba - 2 relat ep taxif tlob -
is ienarf lurelat ep taxif 1 lutlob etsesolof es a212 arugif nid iuluvitizopsid luzac nIδ lucoj uc tatnom rsquo iretni ni ela etnenopmoc etlalelec uc anuerpmi atsaecA 2 iescub luro
rtni iulutobas a 4 amini ep atatnom etse iuluvitizopsid - iram iam inuisnemid uc acitpile aruag o rubmat ertnid lamron lucoj iamcot atnizerper jatnom ed lucoJ iescub la roiretxe lurtemaid taced
is 6 ladiocile lucra is 5 atiluip uc 3 enuitcirf ed elebias ertni asnarts etse iulutobas aminI tobas taced eram iam etse enuitcirf ed elebias is iulutobas amini ertni eretsan ai erac eracerf ed atroF
erac ni luzac nI iulutobas a erecudaer ed iulucra atrof isaped av tobas is rubmat ertnid lucojδ iulucoj aemiram rsquo ni asalped av es lutobas tlob ed amezer av as ascub ec apud eranarf al
lucra eranarf apuD eracerf ed eletrof egnivni erac eranoitca ed ietrof aenuitca bus eraunitnocas azaetraped erecudaer ed δ lucoj uc iamun rubmat ed lutob rsquo atrof egnivni etaop un eceraoed
iuluvitizopsid a anretni eracerf ed nid atsnoc is rotpecer iulurdnilic luroiretni ni tatnom etse b212 arugif nid luvitizopsiD
iulurdnilic lujazela ep cinretup asapa erac 5 lutnemges δ lucoj uc tatnom etse is rsquo nid lulanac ni erecudaer ed iulucra atrof taced eram iam etse tnemges is urdnilic ertnid eracerf ed atroF notsip
tnedecerp luzac nid aeeca uc eraotanamesa etse aeranoitcnuf rai iulutobas a
9 eranarf ed lutnemoM sihcsed pit csid anarf tp eranarf ed lutnemoM 812 arugif nid amehcs dnisolof animreted es
sihcsed pit ed csid anarf urtnep luclac ed amehcS812giF ρ=Ad eira ed lutnemele ep alamron atroF
d ρ
d p=Nd etse θ
Fd etse eracerf ed atrof Ad f μ=
m Nd lutnemoMd if av O lurtnec uc tropar ni ratnemele eracerf ed f ρ=
Fd f n urtnep eracerf ed latot lutnemom rai f ed ihcerep if av iinuiserp a amrofinu eitubirtsid is eracerf ed etefarpus
fie
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rfff nrrpddnpddnpM
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3322
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)332(
r(α[N=AN=p etseiucolni es acaD e2-ri
2 enived eranarf ed iulutnemom aiserpxe ])
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s ednu - taton a 22
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ie
iem rr
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r alpmis iam aitaler azaezilitu es iidem iezar luluclac urtnep acitcarp nI m r( = e r + i raore 2) luclac ed ae4 dnisapeden
r adnamocer es elauzu eliitcurtsnoc urtneP i r e is 570hellip6o = 05hellip54 = α2 0
aeraolav ed eitcnuf ni enuitcirf ed iirutinrag a urbilihce ed aitidnoc nid animreted es N alamron atroF iulunotsip a eranoitca ed ietrof
10 SNNNS )532(
μ arutinrag is csid ertnid eracerf ed lutneicifeoc etse μ ednu rsquo a acilatem aetrap ertnid eracerf ed lutneicifeoc etseμ( ietucalp ela eradihg ed eletnemele is ietucalp rsquo )10hellip500 =
2
dc ccc )417(
rozitroma nu urtnep acirtemisa avisergorp erazitroma ed acitsiretcaraC ni atatnezerp etse eracracsed ed epapus uc 137 arugif
eracracsed ed epapus uc rozitroma nu urtnep acirtemisa avisergorp erazitroma ed acitsiretcaraC137giF
6 helliparugif metsaonucer aS
itca ed msinacem uc eitcerid ed iulumetsis aitcurtsnoC81giF 1 lartnec retalurtap is targetni alor is clem uc erano - atezuftrop
2- 3 atezuf - 4 roletezuf elereivel - 5 atpaerd ateleib - 6 lartnec iuluretalurtap la atpaerd nid lureivel - 7 adnamoc ed lureivel - lumsinacem8 eranoitca ed - rab( eitcerid ed alasrevsnart arab 9 )enuixenoc ed a - agnats nid ateleib
atanoitcarf etse alasrevsnart arab atnednepedni eisnepsus uc atanoitcarf ataf nid aetnup uc rolelibomotua luzac nI iert raihc uas auod ed taulerp etse eitcerid ed iuluzepart lulor rai itrap iert raihc uas auod ni esupsid erab uc emsinacem
itor ertni lasrevsnart ed lumsinacem uc atanoitcarf etnup o urtnep eitcerid ed iulumetsis aitcurtsnoc atatnezerp etse 81 arugif nI
arutal azaemrof uas elerobra uc adnamoc ed lureivel( ieitcerid aisimsnart ni targetni eranoitca iuluretalurtap a agnats nidlartnec retalurtap uc ieitcerid aisimsnart uc is )lartnec
atatpoda erazinagro ed aitulos ed edniped rolitor iexa eletaps ni uas ataf ni lartnec iuluretalurtap aerenupsiD iululibomotua a ataf nid anoz urtnep
zaesalped es acaD lunalp ni rol aerenuparpus al anap lartnec iuluretalurtap ela elaretal elereivel urtnec erps asolof etaop es rad adigir etnup o urtnep cirtemis lartnec reivel uc ieitcerid aisimsnart enitbo es iululibomotua la naidem i
etnI atanoitcarf aetnup urtnep is lureivel raihc etse adnamoc ed lureivel tacni leftsa eranoitca ed iulumsinacem aerarg
azaerc es rad adnamoc ed ieisimsnart aitcurtsnoc acilpmoc eS ieitcerid a atrof ed aisimsnart acifilpmis lartnecalger timrep erac rolemsinacem iirenupsid aetatilibisop iitcerid auod apud iulunalov ieitizop aer
7 eitcerid ed iulumetsis eletnemadnaR
dnibesoed eretimsnart ed lusnes ed eitcnuf ni arefid eranoitca ed iulumsinacem lutnemadnaR al ed tcerid lutnemadnar adnamoc ed lureivel al nalov η d is η nalov erps adnamoc ed lureivel al ed srevni lutnemadnar i
aitaler uc amirpxe etaop es eranoitca ed iulumsinacem la tcerid lutnenadnar 241 arugif nid amehcs dnaredisnoC
a
fafffffd iM
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M ednu 1f M is 2f eletnemom tnus ed iulumsinacem la sudnoc lutnemele vitcepser rotacudnoc lutnemele al ed eracerf edi eranoitca a M eranoitca ed iulumsinacem la eretimsnart ed lutropar etse 1 elerobra al tatlovzed roiretxe lutnemom etse
iulunalov is acilpa es golana tnemanoitar nU enitbo es is srevni lutnemadnar urtnep
2
21
22
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2 111M
MiMM
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i )111(
M ednu 2 adnamoc ed iulureivel iulerobra tacilpa roiretxe lutnemom etse
roletnemadnar aeranimreted urtnep eranoitca ed iulumsinacem amehcS241giF
roliitaler azilana niD iam atneulfni o era rotacudnoc iulutnemele eleragal ni aeracerf ac avresbo es )111( is )011(i uc acifilpma es lumirp( eranoitca ed iulureivel elerobra ni aeracerf taced eram a etse tcerid lutnemadnar anuaedtotni is )
fid( srevni lutnemadnar taced eram iam i tac uc eram iam tata uc etse atnere a )eram iam etse cim iam tac eif as srevni lutnemadnar ac rasecen etse nitup iam tac atmis es as nalov al elirucos ac urtneP
lumsinacem rad )libisreveri etse eranoitca ed lumsinacem acad nalov al tmis es un elirucos( as eiubert eranoitca ed erariv ed iiznemoc aeratecni apud uinilitcer iulusrem eraotaznupseroc aitizop al iulunalov a atamotua aerinever atimrep
)azaezilibats es aitcerid( v al refos ed atatlovzed atrof ac eiubert eraosu irecudnoc ienu aerarugisa urtneP al N 05hellip04 acsaesaped un as nalo
eS N 052 ed nalov al amixam atrof o atpecca es enaoimacotua al ezubotua is enaoimacotua al N 061hellip001 emsirutotua atnidnet etse rad eitcerid ed emsinacemovres acsaesolof es as N 002 ed iram iam etrof urtnep ac adnamocer al is ac
iitceridovres acsaesolof es as acim asalc ed emsirutotua
8 rubmat is itobas ertnid iulucoj a aunitnoc atamotua eralger ed evitizopsiD
s ep enuitcirf uc)a rubmat is itobas ertnid iulucoj a aunitnoc atamotua eralger ed evitizopsiD212giF 1 toba - 2 relat ep taxif tlob -
is ienarf lurelat ep taxif 1 lutlob etsesolof es a212 arugif nid iuluvitizopsid luzac nIδ lucoj uc tatnom rsquo iretni ni ela etnenopmoc etlalelec uc anuerpmi atsaecA 2 iescub luro
rtni iulutobas a 4 amini ep atatnom etse iuluvitizopsid - iram iam inuisnemid uc acitpile aruag o rubmat ertnid lamron lucoj iamcot atnizerper jatnom ed lucoJ iescub la roiretxe lurtemaid taced
is 6 ladiocile lucra is 5 atiluip uc 3 enuitcirf ed elebias ertni asnarts etse iulutobas aminI tobas taced eram iam etse enuitcirf ed elebias is iulutobas amini ertni eretsan ai erac eracerf ed atroF
erac ni luzac nI iulutobas a erecudaer ed iulucra atrof isaped av tobas is rubmat ertnid lucojδ iulucoj aemiram rsquo ni asalped av es lutobas tlob ed amezer av as ascub ec apud eranarf al
lucra eranarf apuD eracerf ed eletrof egnivni erac eranoitca ed ietrof aenuitca bus eraunitnocas azaetraped erecudaer ed δ lucoj uc iamun rubmat ed lutob rsquo atrof egnivni etaop un eceraoed
iuluvitizopsid a anretni eracerf ed nid atsnoc is rotpecer iulurdnilic luroiretni ni tatnom etse b212 arugif nid luvitizopsiD
iulurdnilic lujazela ep cinretup asapa erac 5 lutnemges δ lucoj uc tatnom etse is rsquo nid lulanac ni erecudaer ed iulucra atrof taced eram iam etse tnemges is urdnilic ertnid eracerf ed atroF notsip
tnedecerp luzac nid aeeca uc eraotanamesa etse aeranoitcnuf rai iulutobas a
9 eranarf ed lutnemoM sihcsed pit csid anarf tp eranarf ed lutnemoM 812 arugif nid amehcs dnisolof animreted es
sihcsed pit ed csid anarf urtnep luclac ed amehcS812giF ρ=Ad eira ed lutnemele ep alamron atroF
d ρ
d p=Nd etse θ
Fd etse eracerf ed atrof Ad f μ=
m Nd lutnemoMd if av O lurtnec uc tropar ni ratnemele eracerf ed f ρ=
Fd f n urtnep eracerf ed latot lutnemom rai f ed ihcerep if av iinuiserp a amrofinu eitubirtsid is eracerf ed etefarpus
fie
r
rfff nrrpddnpddnpM
e
i
3322
32
)332(
r(α[N=AN=p etseiucolni es acaD e2-ri
2 enived eranarf ed iulutnemom aiserpxe ])
fmie
ieff nrN
rrrrnN
M 22
33
32
)432(
s ednu - taton a 22
33
32
ie
iem rr
rrr
r alpmis iam aitaler azaezilitu es iidem iezar luluclac urtnep acitcarp nI m r( = e r + i raore 2) luclac ed ae4 dnisapeden
r adnamocer es elauzu eliitcurtsnoc urtneP i r e is 570hellip6o = 05hellip54 = α2 0
aeraolav ed eitcnuf ni enuitcirf ed iirutinrag a urbilihce ed aitidnoc nid animreted es N alamron atroF iulunotsip a eranoitca ed ietrof
10 SNNNS )532(
μ arutinrag is csid ertnid eracerf ed lutneicifeoc etse μ ednu rsquo a acilatem aetrap ertnid eracerf ed lutneicifeoc etseμ( ietucalp ela eradihg ed eletnemele is ietucalp rsquo )10hellip500 =
azaerc es rad adnamoc ed ieisimsnart aitcurtsnoc acilpmoc eS ieitcerid a atrof ed aisimsnart acifilpmis lartnecalger timrep erac rolemsinacem iirenupsid aetatilibisop iitcerid auod apud iulunalov ieitizop aer
7 eitcerid ed iulumetsis eletnemadnaR
dnibesoed eretimsnart ed lusnes ed eitcnuf ni arefid eranoitca ed iulumsinacem lutnemadnaR al ed tcerid lutnemadnar adnamoc ed lureivel al nalov η d is η nalov erps adnamoc ed lureivel al ed srevni lutnemadnar i
aitaler uc amirpxe etaop es eranoitca ed iulumsinacem la tcerid lutnenadnar 241 arugif nid amehcs dnaredisnoC
a
fafffffd iM
MiMM
MMPP
PPP
1
21
11
2211
11
1 111 )011(
M ednu 1f M is 2f eletnemom tnus ed iulumsinacem la sudnoc lutnemele vitcepser rotacudnoc lutnemele al ed eracerf edi eranoitca a M eranoitca ed iulumsinacem la eretimsnart ed lutropar etse 1 elerobra al tatlovzed roiretxe lutnemom etse
iulunalov is acilpa es golana tnemanoitar nU enitbo es is srevni lutnemadnar urtnep
2
21
22
2211
22
2 111M
MiMM
MMPP
PPP fafffff
i )111(
M ednu 2 adnamoc ed iulureivel iulerobra tacilpa roiretxe lutnemom etse
roletnemadnar aeranimreted urtnep eranoitca ed iulumsinacem amehcS241giF
roliitaler azilana niD iam atneulfni o era rotacudnoc iulutnemele eleragal ni aeracerf ac avresbo es )111( is )011(i uc acifilpma es lumirp( eranoitca ed iulureivel elerobra ni aeracerf taced eram a etse tcerid lutnemadnar anuaedtotni is )
fid( srevni lutnemadnar taced eram iam i tac uc eram iam tata uc etse atnere a )eram iam etse cim iam tac eif as srevni lutnemadnar ac rasecen etse nitup iam tac atmis es as nalov al elirucos ac urtneP
lumsinacem rad )libisreveri etse eranoitca ed lumsinacem acad nalov al tmis es un elirucos( as eiubert eranoitca ed erariv ed iiznemoc aeratecni apud uinilitcer iulusrem eraotaznupseroc aitizop al iulunalov a atamotua aerinever atimrep
)azaezilibats es aitcerid( v al refos ed atatlovzed atrof ac eiubert eraosu irecudnoc ienu aerarugisa urtneP al N 05hellip04 acsaesaped un as nalo
eS N 052 ed nalov al amixam atrof o atpecca es enaoimacotua al ezubotua is enaoimacotua al N 061hellip001 emsirutotua atnidnet etse rad eitcerid ed emsinacemovres acsaesolof es as N 002 ed iram iam etrof urtnep ac adnamocer al is ac
iitceridovres acsaesolof es as acim asalc ed emsirutotua
8 rubmat is itobas ertnid iulucoj a aunitnoc atamotua eralger ed evitizopsiD
s ep enuitcirf uc)a rubmat is itobas ertnid iulucoj a aunitnoc atamotua eralger ed evitizopsiD212giF 1 toba - 2 relat ep taxif tlob -
is ienarf lurelat ep taxif 1 lutlob etsesolof es a212 arugif nid iuluvitizopsid luzac nIδ lucoj uc tatnom rsquo iretni ni ela etnenopmoc etlalelec uc anuerpmi atsaecA 2 iescub luro
rtni iulutobas a 4 amini ep atatnom etse iuluvitizopsid - iram iam inuisnemid uc acitpile aruag o rubmat ertnid lamron lucoj iamcot atnizerper jatnom ed lucoJ iescub la roiretxe lurtemaid taced
is 6 ladiocile lucra is 5 atiluip uc 3 enuitcirf ed elebias ertni asnarts etse iulutobas aminI tobas taced eram iam etse enuitcirf ed elebias is iulutobas amini ertni eretsan ai erac eracerf ed atroF
erac ni luzac nI iulutobas a erecudaer ed iulucra atrof isaped av tobas is rubmat ertnid lucojδ iulucoj aemiram rsquo ni asalped av es lutobas tlob ed amezer av as ascub ec apud eranarf al
lucra eranarf apuD eracerf ed eletrof egnivni erac eranoitca ed ietrof aenuitca bus eraunitnocas azaetraped erecudaer ed δ lucoj uc iamun rubmat ed lutob rsquo atrof egnivni etaop un eceraoed
iuluvitizopsid a anretni eracerf ed nid atsnoc is rotpecer iulurdnilic luroiretni ni tatnom etse b212 arugif nid luvitizopsiD
iulurdnilic lujazela ep cinretup asapa erac 5 lutnemges δ lucoj uc tatnom etse is rsquo nid lulanac ni erecudaer ed iulucra atrof taced eram iam etse tnemges is urdnilic ertnid eracerf ed atroF notsip
tnedecerp luzac nid aeeca uc eraotanamesa etse aeranoitcnuf rai iulutobas a
9 eranarf ed lutnemoM sihcsed pit csid anarf tp eranarf ed lutnemoM 812 arugif nid amehcs dnisolof animreted es
sihcsed pit ed csid anarf urtnep luclac ed amehcS812giF ρ=Ad eira ed lutnemele ep alamron atroF
d ρ
d p=Nd etse θ
Fd etse eracerf ed atrof Ad f μ=
m Nd lutnemoMd if av O lurtnec uc tropar ni ratnemele eracerf ed f ρ=
Fd f n urtnep eracerf ed latot lutnemom rai f ed ihcerep if av iinuiserp a amrofinu eitubirtsid is eracerf ed etefarpus
fie
r
rfff nrrpddnpddnpM
e
i
3322
32
)332(
r(α[N=AN=p etseiucolni es acaD e2-ri
2 enived eranarf ed iulutnemom aiserpxe ])
fmie
ieff nrN
rrrrnN
M 22
33
32
)432(
s ednu - taton a 22
33
32
ie
iem rr
rrr
r alpmis iam aitaler azaezilitu es iidem iezar luluclac urtnep acitcarp nI m r( = e r + i raore 2) luclac ed ae4 dnisapeden
r adnamocer es elauzu eliitcurtsnoc urtneP i r e is 570hellip6o = 05hellip54 = α2 0
aeraolav ed eitcnuf ni enuitcirf ed iirutinrag a urbilihce ed aitidnoc nid animreted es N alamron atroF iulunotsip a eranoitca ed ietrof
10 SNNNS )532(
μ arutinrag is csid ertnid eracerf ed lutneicifeoc etse μ ednu rsquo a acilatem aetrap ertnid eracerf ed lutneicifeoc etseμ( ietucalp ela eradihg ed eletnemele is ietucalp rsquo )10hellip500 =
8 rubmat is itobas ertnid iulucoj a aunitnoc atamotua eralger ed evitizopsiD
s ep enuitcirf uc)a rubmat is itobas ertnid iulucoj a aunitnoc atamotua eralger ed evitizopsiD212giF 1 toba - 2 relat ep taxif tlob -
is ienarf lurelat ep taxif 1 lutlob etsesolof es a212 arugif nid iuluvitizopsid luzac nIδ lucoj uc tatnom rsquo iretni ni ela etnenopmoc etlalelec uc anuerpmi atsaecA 2 iescub luro
rtni iulutobas a 4 amini ep atatnom etse iuluvitizopsid - iram iam inuisnemid uc acitpile aruag o rubmat ertnid lamron lucoj iamcot atnizerper jatnom ed lucoJ iescub la roiretxe lurtemaid taced
is 6 ladiocile lucra is 5 atiluip uc 3 enuitcirf ed elebias ertni asnarts etse iulutobas aminI tobas taced eram iam etse enuitcirf ed elebias is iulutobas amini ertni eretsan ai erac eracerf ed atroF
erac ni luzac nI iulutobas a erecudaer ed iulucra atrof isaped av tobas is rubmat ertnid lucojδ iulucoj aemiram rsquo ni asalped av es lutobas tlob ed amezer av as ascub ec apud eranarf al
lucra eranarf apuD eracerf ed eletrof egnivni erac eranoitca ed ietrof aenuitca bus eraunitnocas azaetraped erecudaer ed δ lucoj uc iamun rubmat ed lutob rsquo atrof egnivni etaop un eceraoed
iuluvitizopsid a anretni eracerf ed nid atsnoc is rotpecer iulurdnilic luroiretni ni tatnom etse b212 arugif nid luvitizopsiD
iulurdnilic lujazela ep cinretup asapa erac 5 lutnemges δ lucoj uc tatnom etse is rsquo nid lulanac ni erecudaer ed iulucra atrof taced eram iam etse tnemges is urdnilic ertnid eracerf ed atroF notsip
tnedecerp luzac nid aeeca uc eraotanamesa etse aeranoitcnuf rai iulutobas a
9 eranarf ed lutnemoM sihcsed pit csid anarf tp eranarf ed lutnemoM 812 arugif nid amehcs dnisolof animreted es
sihcsed pit ed csid anarf urtnep luclac ed amehcS812giF ρ=Ad eira ed lutnemele ep alamron atroF
d ρ
d p=Nd etse θ
Fd etse eracerf ed atrof Ad f μ=
m Nd lutnemoMd if av O lurtnec uc tropar ni ratnemele eracerf ed f ρ=
Fd f n urtnep eracerf ed latot lutnemom rai f ed ihcerep if av iinuiserp a amrofinu eitubirtsid is eracerf ed etefarpus
fie
r
rfff nrrpddnpddnpM
e
i
3322
32
)332(
r(α[N=AN=p etseiucolni es acaD e2-ri
2 enived eranarf ed iulutnemom aiserpxe ])
fmie
ieff nrN
rrrrnN
M 22
33
32
)432(
s ednu - taton a 22
33
32
ie
iem rr
rrr
r alpmis iam aitaler azaezilitu es iidem iezar luluclac urtnep acitcarp nI m r( = e r + i raore 2) luclac ed ae4 dnisapeden
r adnamocer es elauzu eliitcurtsnoc urtneP i r e is 570hellip6o = 05hellip54 = α2 0
aeraolav ed eitcnuf ni enuitcirf ed iirutinrag a urbilihce ed aitidnoc nid animreted es N alamron atroF iulunotsip a eranoitca ed ietrof
10 SNNNS )532(
μ arutinrag is csid ertnid eracerf ed lutneicifeoc etse μ ednu rsquo a acilatem aetrap ertnid eracerf ed lutneicifeoc etseμ( ietucalp ela eradihg ed eletnemele is ietucalp rsquo )10hellip500 =
9 eranarf ed lutnemoM sihcsed pit csid anarf tp eranarf ed lutnemoM 812 arugif nid amehcs dnisolof animreted es
sihcsed pit ed csid anarf urtnep luclac ed amehcS812giF ρ=Ad eira ed lutnemele ep alamron atroF
d ρ
d p=Nd etse θ
Fd etse eracerf ed atrof Ad f μ=
m Nd lutnemoMd if av O lurtnec uc tropar ni ratnemele eracerf ed f ρ=
Fd f n urtnep eracerf ed latot lutnemom rai f ed ihcerep if av iinuiserp a amrofinu eitubirtsid is eracerf ed etefarpus
fie
r
rfff nrrpddnpddnpM
e
i
3322
32
)332(
r(α[N=AN=p etseiucolni es acaD e2-ri
2 enived eranarf ed iulutnemom aiserpxe ])
fmie
ieff nrN
rrrrnN
M 22
33
32
)432(
s ednu - taton a 22
33
32
ie
iem rr
rrr
r alpmis iam aitaler azaezilitu es iidem iezar luluclac urtnep acitcarp nI m r( = e r + i raore 2) luclac ed ae4 dnisapeden
r adnamocer es elauzu eliitcurtsnoc urtneP i r e is 570hellip6o = 05hellip54 = α2 0
aeraolav ed eitcnuf ni enuitcirf ed iirutinrag a urbilihce ed aitidnoc nid animreted es N alamron atroF iulunotsip a eranoitca ed ietrof
10 SNNNS )532(
μ arutinrag is csid ertnid eracerf ed lutneicifeoc etse μ ednu rsquo a acilatem aetrap ertnid eracerf ed lutneicifeoc etseμ( ietucalp ela eradihg ed eletnemele is ietucalp rsquo )10hellip500 =
