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.4.2
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1
Funkn bezpenost
elektrickch pstrojsouisejcch s bezpenost
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.4.2
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2
Funkn bezpenost
st celkov bezpenosti tkajc seEUC a systmu zen EUC zvisl nasprvnm funovn E!E!E" systm#souvisejcc$ s bezpenost%systmec$ souvisejcc$ sbezpenost zalo&enc$ na jinc$
tec$nickc$ principec$ a vn'j(c$proste)cc$ pro sn&en rizika
*+ E+ ,-./012
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3
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4
Mechanical Safety Action (if available
Plant Shut-down
!il" #rocessp$r$%eter
&i'h (ontrol leel
&i'h )l$r% leel
Ti%e
*+ ,per$tor t$kes $ction
(ert$in #rocessp$r$%eter $lue -o (ontrol leel
/
or%$l beh$ior
(1
Function$lit
#rocess.
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5
3ech$nic$l 1$+et )ction i+ $$il$ble5
#l$nt 1hut"on
!il" #rocessp$r$%eter
&i'h (ontrol leel
&i'h )l$r% leel
71 controlle"Trip leel
Ti%e
*+ ,per$tor t$kes $ction
(ert$in #rocessp$r$%eter $lue
1$+et *nstru%ente"1ste% Function$lit
-o (ontrol leel
Normal behavior
(1Function$lit
1$+et 1ste%.
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&$e 8ou 9een )ske" This:
34o5 can you )emonstrate t$at you are safe67
Regulator
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1$+et *ssues +or 7n" User ; ,per$tors
8 4o5 )o you )emonstrate t$at your operations are 9safe:6
8 4o5 )o you )emonstrate t$at your e;uipment is 9safe:6
8 4o5 )o you )emonstrate t$at your safety an) protectivesystems protect aainst your $azar)s6
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8
!h$t is *7(6:
8 >n international stan)ar) relatin to t$e ?unctional *afetyof electrical ! electronic ! prorammable electronic safetyrelate) systems
@ Aainly concerne) 5it$ E!E!"E safety1relate) systems5$ose failure coul) $ave an impact on t$e safety ofpersons an)!or t$e environment
@ Coul) also be use) to specify any E!E!"E system use)for t$e protection of e;uipment or pro)uct
8 =t is an in)ustry best practice stan)ar) to enable you to
re)uce t$e risk of a $azar)ous event to a tolerable level
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Technolo'ies (oncerne"
8 7 7lectric$l8 electro1mec$anical ! relays ! interlocks
8 7 7lectronic8 soli) state electronics
8 #71 #ro'r$%%$ble 7lectronic 1ste%s8 "rorammable Boic Controllers "BC:sD8 Aicroprocessor base) systems8 Fistribute) Control *ystems
8 Gt$er computer base) )evices3smart7 sensors ! transmitters !
actuatorsD
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Fe$tures
8 Heneric *tan)ar)
8 Hui)ance on t$e use of E!E!"E*8 Compre$ensive approac$ involvin concepts of *afety Bifecycle an)
inclu)es all elements of t$e protective system
8 Iisk1base) approac$ lea)in to )etermination of *afety =nterityBevels *J=JBsD
8 Consi)ers t$e entire *afety Critical Boop
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11
?eneric $n" )pplic$tion 1ector 1t$n"$r"s
IEC61508
=EC,-.-- K
"rocess *ector
Ae)ical *ector
=EC,-.-L K
+uclear *ector
=EC,M/,- K
Aac$inery *ector
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13
*7( 6
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*n"ustries
)pplies to $ i"e $riet o+
in"ustries $cross the processsector
*nclu"in'A
(he%ic$ls
,il re+inin'
,il $n" '$s pro"uction
#ulp $n" p$per
/onnucle$r poer
'ener$tion
#h$r%$ceutic$ls ; Fine(he%ic$ls
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1cope
8 "rocess c$emicals% oil N as% paper% non1nuclear po5er enerationD
8 En)1to1en) safety instrumente) system *=*D 1$!5% s!5% mtJ an) $uman factors
8 ?ull safety lifecycle 1 specification% )esin%interation% operation% maintenance
8 =nten)e) for interators ! users@ not for e;uipment )esiners ! ven)ors
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16
1tructure
*7( 6
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17
*7( 6
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Bel$tionship *7( 6
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Bel$tionship *7( 6
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20
1i%il$rities *7( 6 *7( 6
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21
Ge i++erences *7( 6
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Gverall =nstallationN Commissionin
--
M
ERternal IiskIe)uction?acilities
Gverall *cope Fefinition
Iealisation
- Concept
L 4azar) Iisk >nalysis
2 Gverall *afety Ie;uirements
*afety Ielate)*ystemsK
E ! E ! "E*
-M
Iealisation
Gverall "lannin
*afety Ielate)*ystemsK
Gt$erOec$noloy
Iealisation
-/
Gverall=nstallation N
Commissionin"lannin
GverallSali)ation"lannin
GverallGperation NAaintenance
"lannin
0
T
,
*afety Ie;uirements >llocation.
Qack to appropriateGverall *afety Bifecycle
"$ase
-.
-, Fecommissionin
-L Gverall *afety Sali)ation
Gverall Gperation N Aaintenance-2 Gverall Ao)ification N Ietrofit
,er$ll 1$+et -i+eccle in *7( 6
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23
*7( 6 onership o+ ph$ses
#B771*?/
#h$ses < to =5
,#7B)T*,/
#h$ses
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#reesi'n A #h$ses < =
< A (oncept
2 A ,er$ll 1copee+inition
E A &$z$r" Bisk)n$lsis
4 A ,er$ll 1$+etBeHuire%ents
= A 1$+etBeHuire%ents
)lloc$tion
($n ou "e%onstr$te th$tou h$e i"enti+ie" $ll
our h$z$r"s:
($n ou "e%onstr$te th$t
ou $re usin' $"eHu$te$n" correct %etho"s o+h$z$r" protection:
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esi'n *%ple%ent$tion A #h$ses 6
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26
,per$tion A #h$ses
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1uppl (h$in
*7(6
B>I"8 Quil) event c$ain8 Estimate )eman) rates8 Fefine protection re;uire)
8 *pecify re;uire) *=B
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@ F$ilure c$te'oriesC in *7( 6
8 ) M B$n"o% &$r"$reF$ilures
,B
8 9 M 1ste%$tic F$ilures
8 speci+ic$tionN
8 sste%$tic h$r"$reN
8 so+t$reN
8 %$inten$nceN
8 $ll +$ilures th$t $re not r$n"o%
)9
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1$+et *nte'rit -eel 1*-
1)F7T8
*/T7?B*T8
-7V7-
1*-5
-,! 73)/ 3,7,F ,#7B)T*,/
#rob$bilit o+ +$ilure
to per+or% its
"esi'ne" +unction on
"e%$n"5
(,/T*/U,U1;&*?&73)/ 3,7 ,F
,#7B)T*,/
#rob$bilit o+ one
"$n'erous +$ilure per
hour5
4 OM
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38
Bisk $n" eter%in$tion o+ 1$+et *nte'rit-eels
Qasic
Fesin
Unacceptable
No
Protection
SIL4SIL3
SIL
2SIL1=ncrea
sin
*everity
=ncreasin Bikeli$oo)
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39
Bisk Be"uction BeHuire%ents
1$+et *nte'rit-eel
Bisk Be"uction
<
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Beli$bilitL F$ilure B$te $n" )$il$bilit $t e$ch leel
*=B -
*=B M
*=B L
*=B 2
Beli$bilit #rob$bilit o++$ilure on"e%$n"
Trip Un$$il$bleper e$r5
T/X 1 TTX /J- to /J/- 0, to 0J,$rs
TTX 1 TTJTX /J/- to /J//- 0J, to 0J,$rs
TTJTX 1TTJTTX
/J//- to /J///- 0J,$rs to .MJ,mins
TTJTTX 1TTJTTT
X
/J///- to /J////- .MJ, mins to .JLmins
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#rotectie 1ste% Technolo'
*tan)ar) components% sinle c$annel or t5innon1)iverse c$annels*=B -
*tan)ar) components% - out of M or M out of L%
possible nee) for some )iversityJ >llo5ance forcommon1cause failures nee)e)
*=B M
Aultiple c$annel 5it$ )iversity on sensin an)actuationJ Common1cause failures a majorconsi)erationJ *$oul) rarely be re;uire) in
"rocess =n)ustry
*=B L
*pecialist )esinJ *$oul) never be re;uire) int$e "rocess =n)ustry*=B 2
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eter%ine" to $chiee the correct 1*- leel...
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8 Sarious met$o)s availableK
8 Qu$lit$tie risk 'r$ph8 ($libr$te" risk 'r$ph %etho"olo' onl D
not "e+initie5
8 -$er ,+ #rotection )n$lsis -,#)5
8 &$z$r"ous eent seerit 3$triK8 Qu$nti+ie" Bisk )n$lsis QB)5
8 P$ic$ one to use6 Fevelop your o5n6
1*- $ssess%ent
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($lcul$tion o+ #F)V?
E=R o+ #F)' 17
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L. X -.X ./X
#F+i'ures +or $ &*3) sste%L eK$%ple
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B(;)G $ccor"in' */ V V7
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(oncept o+ l$ers o+ protection $cc. *7( 6
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&$z$r"ous eent seerit 3$triK
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Funkn bezpenost
st celkov bezpenosti tkajc seEUC a systmu zen EUC zvisl nasprvnm funovn E!E!E" systm#
souvisejcc$ s bezpenost%systmec$ souvisejcc$ sbezpenost zalo&enc$ na jinc$
tec$nickc$ principec$ a vn'j(c$proste)cc$ pro sn&en rizika