2014

ORIGIN OF LIFE ON THE EARTH

Výukový materiál MB 04 - 88Tvůrce: Mgr. Šárka Vopěnková

Tvůrce anglické verze: ThMgr. Ing. Jiří FollerProjekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů

Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/03.0005Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR

conditions of life: water nutrients: CO2 + mineral salts for plants organic substances for animals and fungi heat oxygen for aerobes

ORIGIN OF LIFE ON THE EARTH

a) creationism: created by a supernatural being - God b) eternism: the life is eternal, it neither starts nor ends panspermia > the life was brought on the

Earth from other planets

VIEWS ON THE ORIGIN OF LIFE

c) self-creation: living mass still develops from the non-living

mass d) gradual abiogenesis: gradual organisation of the living mass from

the non-living this theory is the most acknowledged

VIEWS ON THE ORIGIN OF LIFE

the origin of life dates back in the Archean period

3,5 – 4 billion years ago water environment was decisive 3 stages of the origination: 1) chemical development abiogenetic period development of organic compounds from

inorganic

3 STAGES OF THE ORIGINATION

2) biochemical development: auto-reproduction, replicative period development of macromolecules and nucleic

acids specialisation so called coacervates appeared

3 STAGES OF THE ORIGINATION

3) biological development: cellular period durable increasing of the coacervates more complex and more differentiated

formations origination of primordial organisms>

eobionts

3 STAGES OF THE ORIGINATION

original organisms: monocellular anaerobic a heterotrophic relatively fast development of autotrophic

organisms about 3 – 305 billion years ago

chemoautotrophic prokaryota appeared they used H2S ( not H20 ) as the source of

hydrogen ! They did not realease oxygen into the

atmosphere

DEVELOPMENT OF THE METABOLISM

2,8 billion years ago photo-autotrophic prokaryota appeared (contemporary cyanophyta)

the influence of photosynthesis > O2 cumulated in the atmosphere

O2 enabled: the development of aerobic organisms – 2 to

2,5 billion years ago

DEVELOPMENT OF THE METABOLISM

development of eukaryota: endosymbiosis : independence of mitochondria and plastids circular DNA the first stage of the endosymbiosis: absorption of aerobic prokaryota by anaerobic

prokaryota > mitochondria appeared absorption of fibriformic structures > mitotic

apparatus origin of animal cell

DEVELOPMENT OF THE METABOLISM

the second stage of endosymbiosis: absorption of photosyntetising prokaryota >

chloroplasts appeared 1 billion years ago the origin of plant cell

DEVELOPMENT OF THE METABOLISM

1. Name the conditions of life on the Earth2. What was creationism interested in?3. Which theory is the most acknowledged nowadays?4. Name 3 stages in the development of life on the Earth.5. In which period did so called coacervates appear?6. The origin of eobionts dates back in the period......7. Original organisms were aerobic / anaerobic8. Chemo-autotrophic prokaryota used ………… but

not…….. as the source of hydrogen9. Development of aerobic organisms proceeded….. ago10. Mitochondria developed by so called ……………

REVISION