CLIL : Fyzika - MSK 1. rocnik_Vyukovy material.pdf · Joule, J for energy/work/heat, watt, W for...

Název projektu: Podpora přírodovědného a technického vzdělávání v Moravskoslezském kraji

Číslo projektu: CZ.1.07/1.1.00/44.0008

Název výstupu: Výukový materiál

Účel: Výuka metodou CLIL

Předmět: Fyzika

Cílová skupina: 1. ročník oboru Mechatronik

Jazyková úroveň: A2–B1

Autor: Mgr. Kamila Weintrittová

Seznam témat 1. Physical Units ............................................................................................ 6

2. Mechanics – basic terms ......................................................................... 12

3. Motion .................................................................................................... 16

4. Uniformly Accelerated Motion ................................................................ 20

5. Velocity ................................................................................................... 23

6. Acceleration ............................................................................................ 27

7. Free Fall .................................................................................................. 32

8. Circular Motion ....................................................................................... 36

9. Dynamics – introduction ......................................................................... 40

10. Newton´s Laws of Motion ....................................................................... 44

11. Momentum ............................................................................................. 48

12. Friction .................................................................................................... 52

13. Centripetal and Centrifugal Force ........................................................... 57

14. Mechanical Work .................................................................................... 61

15. Kinetic and Potential Energy ................................................................... 65

16. Mechanical Energy .................................................................................. 69

17. Law of Conservation of Energy ................................................................ 73

18. Power, Efficiency ..................................................................................... 78

19. Mechanics of a Rigid Body ...................................................................... 82

20. Rigid Body Motion................................................................................... 86

21. Moment of a Force ................................................................................. 89

22. Composition of Forces ............................................................................ 93

23. A Couple of Forces .................................................................................. 96

24. Centre of Mass ...................................................................................... 100

25. The principle of Moments ..................................................................... 104

26. Simple Machines ................................................................................... 109

27. Rolling resistance .................................................................................. 114

28. Properties of Liquids ............................................................................. 118

29. Pascal´s Law .......................................................................................... 122

30. Hydrostatic pressure ............................................................................. 125

31. Atmospheric Pressure ........................................................................... 129

32. Archimedes ´ Law .................................................................................. 133

33. Solid Body Floating ................................................................................ 137

34. Fluid Flow .............................................................................................. 140

35. Bernoulli´s Principle .............................................................................. 145

36. Turbines ................................................................................................ 149

37. Aerodynamics ....................................................................................... 153

38. State of Matter ..................................................................................... 158

39. Ideal Gas ............................................................................................... 162

40. Kinetic Theory ....................................................................................... 166

41. Thermodynamics .................................................................................. 171

42. Measure Temperature .......................................................................... 175

43. Heat Transformation ............................................................................. 179

44. Matter State Changes ........................................................................... 184

45. Ideal Gas State Equation ....................................................................... 187

46. Thermodynamic Process ....................................................................... 191

47. Isothermal/Isobaric/Isochoric Process .................................................. 195

48. Adiabatic Process .................................................................................. 199

49. Real Gas ................................................................................................ 204

50. Solid Body Structure.............................................................................. 208

51. Crystalline and Amorphous Solids ......................................................... 213

52. Crystal Lattice ....................................................................................... 217

53. Solid body Deformation ........................................................................ 221

54. Hooke´s Law .......................................................................................... 224

55. Thermal Expansion ................................................................................ 228

56. Liquid Structure .................................................................................... 232

57. Surface Tension ..................................................................................... 236

58. Elevation, Depression............................................................................ 239

59. Thermal Expansion of Liquids ................................................................ 244

60. The Solar System ................................................................................... 248

61. The Sun ................................................................................................. 252

62. Stars ...................................................................................................... 256

63. Galaxy ................................................................................................... 261

64. Review .................................................................................................. 264



Téma: Physical Units

Účel: materiál pro výuku metodou CLIL

Předmět: Fyzika

Cílová skupina: 1. ročník obor Mechatronik

Jazyková úroveň: A2-B1

Časová dotace: část vyučovací hodiny

Cíle aktivity:

Pomůcky: PC, dataprojektor, interaktivní tabule

obsahový – aktivizace poznatků o soustavě jednotek a jejich převodech

jazykový – Big numbers, fractions, meaning of prepositions (nano, deci, kilo, giga etc)

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 1 SUBJECT: 1. Physical Units Physics

1. Physical Units

UNITS = clearly defined standards for measurement of physical

quantities. There are seven SI base units in the International System

of Units.

TASK 1:

Give some examples of derived units. 1.

What are Physical Constants, give some examples. 2.

What other systems of units do you know?1 3.

TASK 2: Fill in the missing units and symbols:

Quantity SI unit Symbol

Mass

Length

Time

Electric current

Temperature

Luminous intensity

Amount of substance

1 SI Units and Physical Constants. 2007. Wiley online dictionary [online]. [cit. 2015-05-06]. Dostupné z:

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9780470511329.indsp2/pdf

TASK 3:

What do the following prefixes mean: deci, giga, nano, kilo? Convert:

10 decilitres to litres, 1.2 mm to km, 4362 g to kg.

TASK 4:

Since the UK measurements are not interchangeable to SI units you

need to know the conversions between both systems. Complete the

table below: (If you need any help, go on http://chem105.tripod.com/index.html)2

English units SI unit Conversion

Mile Kilometer

Meter 1ft=0.305 m

Centimeter

Pound

Grams

Gallon

Kelvin 0 Degree C= 273.15 K

2 The International System of Units. 2014. Tripod [online]. [cit. 2015-05-12]. Dostupné z: http://chem105.tripod.com/index.html

http://chem105.tripod.com/index.html

SOLUTION:

TASK 1:

Joule, J for energy/work/heat, watt, W for power, volt, V for 1.

voltage, ohm, Ω for el. resistance etc.

Physical quantity universal in nature and constant in time: 2.

Planck´s c., the speed of light, the gravitational c.

British metrical system 3.

TASK 2:

Quantity SI unit Symbol

Mass kilogram kg

Length metre m

Time second s

Electric current ampere A

Temperature kelvin K

Luminous intensity candela cd

Amount of substance mole mol

TASK 4:

English units SI unit Conversion

Mile Kilometer 1 mile = 1.609 km

Foot Meter 1ft= 0.305 m

Inch Centimeter 1 inch = 2.52 cm

Pound Grams 1 lb = 453.59 g

Ounce Grams 1 oz = 28.356 g

Gallon Liter 1 gallon = 3.79 l

Celsius Kelvin 0 Degree C= 273.15 K

Dictionary

English Pronunciation Czech

Amount of substance əˈmaʊnt əv ˈsʌbstəns látkové množství

Constant ˈkɒnstənt konstanta

Conversion kənˈvɜːʃən převod

Convert kənˈvɜːt převést (jednotky)

Defined dɪˈfaɪnd vymezený, definovaný

Degree dɪˈgriː stupeň

Electric current ɪˈlektrɪk ˈkʌrənt elektrický proud

Gallon ˈgælən galon

Interchangeable ˌɪntəˈtʃeɪndʒəbəl zaměnitelný

Length leŋθ délka

Luminous intensity ˈluːmɪnəs ɪnˈtensɪtɪ svítivost

Mass mæs hmotnost

Measure ˈmeʒə (z)měřit, rozměr/míra

Mile maɪl míle

Physical quantity ˈfɪzɪkəl ˈkwɒntɪtɪ fyzikální veličina

Pound paʊnd libra

Prefix ˈpriːfɪks předpona

SI base units esˈʌɪ ˈbeɪs ˈjuːnɪts základní jednotky si soustavy

SI derived units esˈʌɪ dɪˈraɪvd ˈjuːnɪts odvozené jednotky si soustavy

Standard ˈstændəd norma

Table ˈteɪbəl tabulka

Task tɑːsk úkol, úloha

Temperature ˈtemprɪtʃə teplota

Unit ˈjuːnɪt jednotka



Téma: Mechanics – basic terms


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Aktivizace pojmů k tématu mechanika

jazykový – English and Czech terms and units

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 2 SUBJECT: 1. Mechanics – basic terms Physics

2. Mechanics – basic terms

Classical mechanics is concerned with the set of physical laws

describing the motion of bodies under the action of a system of

forces.

TASK 1:

Fill in the symbols, units and the Czech equivalents to English terms:

English Symbol Unit Czech

momentum

velocity

work

energy

force

acceleration

TASK 2:

Match the Czech terms to their English equivalents

gravitace free fall

přímočarý rovnoměrný pohyb momentum

tření mass

hybnost gravity

volný pád friction

hmota linear motion3

Solution:

TASK 1:

English Symbol Unit Czech

momentum p Kg*m/s hybnost

velocity v Km/h rychlost

work W joule práce

energy E joule energie

force F newton síla

acceleration a m/s2 zrychlení

TASK 2:

gravitace – gravity, přímočarý pohyb – linear motion, tření – friction,

hybnost – momentum, volný pád – free fall, hmota – mass

3 CIVE1140:Fundamentals of Mechanics. 2002. Http://www.efm.leeds.ac.uk/CIVE/CIVE1140/section01/index.html [online]. [cit. 2015-05-

06]. Dostupné z: http://www.efm.leeds.ac.uk/CIVE/CIVE1140/section01/index.html

Dictionary


Acceleration ækˌseləˈreɪʃən zrychlení

Basic term ˈbeɪsɪk ˈtɜːm základní pojem, termín

Concern with sth. kənˈsɜːn ˈwɪθ ˈsʌmθɪŋ zabývat se něčím

Describe dɪˈskraɪb popsat

Equivalent ɪˈkwɪvələnt ekvivalent

Fill in ˈfɪl ˈɪn doplnit

Force fɔːs síla

Free fall ˈfriː ˈfɔːl volný pád

Friction ˈfrɪkʃən tření

Gravity ˈgrævɪtɪ gravitace

Linear motion ˈlɪnɪə ˈməʊʃən přímočarý pohyb

Match mætʃ přiřadit

Mechanics mɪˈkænɪk mechanika

Momentum məʊˈmentəm hybnost

Physical laws ˈfɪzɪkəl ˈlɔːz fyzikální zákony

Velocity vɪˈlɒsɪtɪ rychlost



Téma: Motion


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Sumarizace a upevnění poznatků o přímočarém pohybu

jazykový – Guessing a meaning from the context

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 3 SUBJECT: 1. Motion Physics

3. Motion

TASK 1:

Complete the definition of linear motion:

Motion at a c.......................speed and in a s....................line.

TASK 2:

Draw the graphs of linear and uniformly accelerated motion and

explain the differences. Can you guess the meaning of the word

accelerated?

TASK 3:

Give some examples of uniformly accelerated motion from day-1.

to- day live.

What sports use linear motion?4 2.

4 Uniform motion. 2014. Http://physics.tutorvista.com/motion/uniform-motion.html [online]. [cit. 2015-05-06]. Dostupné z:

http://physics.tutorvista.com/motion/uniform-motion.html

SOLUTION:

TASK 1:

Motion at a constant speed and in a straight line.

TASK 2, 3:

Ss´ own answers

Dictionary


Complete kəmˈpliːt doplnit, dodělat

Constant ˈkɒnstənt konstantní, neměnný

Definition ˌdefɪˈnɪʃən definice

Difference ˈdɪfrəns rozdíl

Graph grɑːf graf, diagram

Guess ges hádat, odhadovat

Meaning ˈmiːnɪŋ význam, smysl

Straight streɪt přímý

Uniformly ˈjuːnɪˌfɔːmli rovnoměrně



Téma: Uniformly Accelerated Motion


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Znaky, grafické znázornění rovnoměrně zrychleného pohybu

jazykový – Word formation

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 4 SUBJECT: 1. Uniformly Accelerated Motion Physics

4. Uniformly Accelerated Motion

What is the difference between linear and uniformly 1.

accelerated motion? Suggest the meaning and the way of

formation of the word accelerated.

Give some examples of uniformly accelerated motion from 2.

everyday life.

Look at the graphs of uniformly accelerated motion at 3.

http://www.open.edu/openlearn/science-maths-

technology/science/physics-and-astronomy/describing-motion-

along-line/content-section-1.6.1

Describe the changes of velocity, acceleration and position 4.

depending on time.

Create a simple table showing the results of your findings.5 5.

5 Describing motion along the line. 2015. Http://www.open.edu/openlearn/science-maths-

technology/science/physics-and-astronomy/describing-motion-along-line/content-section-1.6.1 [online]. [cit. 2015-05-08]. Dostupné z: http://www.open.edu/openlearn/science-maths-technology/science/physics-and-astronomy/describing-motion-along-line/content-section-1.6.1

http://www.open.edu/openlearn/science-maths-technology/science/physics-and-astronomy/describing-motion-along-line/content-section-1.6.1



Dictionary


Depend on dɪˈpend ɒn záviset na

Findings ˈfaɪndɪŋz nálezy, závěry, zjištění

Result rɪˈzʌlt výsledek

Suggest səˈdʒest navrhnout

Uniformly accelerated ˈjuːnɪˌfɔːmlɪ ækˈseləˌreɪtɪd rovnoměrně zrychlený

Way of formation ˈweɪ ˈɒv fɔːˈmeɪʃən způsob vytvoření

Word wɜːd slovo



Téma: Velocity


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Rychlost a její matematické vyjádření

jazykový – Comparison, using adjectives

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 5 SUBJECT: 1. Velocity Physics

5. Velocity

Tells us how much an object's position changes in time

TASK 1:

Does the speed and velocity mean the same? 1.

What are the main differences between them? 2.

Can you explain what average velocity is and how it can be 3.

calculated.

TASK 2:

What is the velocity and speed of an object travelling from its 1.

starting point and returning to the same point?

Theresa has to walk to the shop to buy some milk. After walking 2.

100m, she realises that she does not have enough money, and

goes back home. If it took her two minutes to leave and come

back, calculate the following:

How far did she walk?

What was her average velocity?

SOLUTION:

TASK 1:

No, it does not 1.

Speed: depends on the path taken, is always positive, is a scalar 2.

Velocity: independent on the path taken, positive or negative, is a

vector

average velocity - the total displacement of a body over a time 3.

interval, is describing by the formula:

𝑣 = ∆𝑠

∆𝑡=

1 𝑚

1 𝑠= 1𝑚𝑠−1

TASK 2:

Ss´ own answers

Dictionary


Average ˈævrɪdʒ průměr, průměrný

Calculate ˈkælkjʊˌleɪt (vy)počítat

Displacement dɪsˈpleɪsmənt vytlačení, odsunutí, nahrazení

Formula ˈfɔːmjʊlə vzorec

Mean miːn znamenat

Object ˈɒbdʒɪkt předmět, objekt

Path pɑːθ dráha (pohybu)

Point pɔɪnt bod, místo

Realise ˈrɪəˌlaɪz uvědomit si

Vector ˈvektə vektor



Téma: Acceleration


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Podstata zrychleného pohybu, matematické vyjádření zrychlení

jazykový – Quantifiers (either, neither, both, some, any)

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 6 SUBJECT: 1. Acceleration Physics

6. Acceleration

TASK 1:

Read the text about acceleration, if necessary check the meaning of

unknown words in your vocabulary list:

Acceleration is a vector quantity (with both magnitude and direction)

that is defined as the rate at which an object changes its velocity. An

object is accelerating if it is changing its velocity, no matter if it

neither sped up nor slowed down. In everyday life the meaning of

acceleration is often confused either by sports announcers or other

people. The object or person is saying to accelerate when moving

fast. Yet acceleration has nothing to do with going fast. If they are not

changing their velocity, then they are not accelerating.

There are two kinds of acceleration: average and instantaneous.

Calculating acceleration involves dividing velocity by time. Thus the SI

unit is the meter per second squared.

Since acceleration is a vector quantity, it has a direction associated

with it. Generally, if an object is slowing down, then its acceleration is

in the opposite direction of its motion. 6

6 Acceleration. The Physics Classroom [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-05-16]. Dostupné z:

http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/1DKin/Lesson-1/Acceleration

TASK 2:

Check your understanding.

Give the symbol, formula and unit of acceleration. 1.

Can the acceleration be both positive and negative? 2.

Does the object accelerate when moving fast? 3.

What does the slogan “zero to sixty in 7.6 second” known from 4.

car ads refer to?

A race car accelerates uniformly from 18.5 m/s to 46.1 m/s in 5.

2.47 seconds. Determine the acceleration.

SOLUTION:

TASK 2:

1. a = Δ v/Δ t, m/s/s

2. Yes.

3. No, if there is no change in velocity.

4. A car takes 6.7 s to reach a speed of 60 mph starting from a

complete stop.

5. vi = 18.5 m/s, vf = 46.1 m/s, t = 2.47 s, a = ?

a = Δ v/Δ t = (46.1 m/s - 18.5 m/s)/(2.47 s) = 11.2 m/s2

Dictionary


Acceleration ækˌseləˈreɪʃən zrychlení

Announcer əˈnaʊnsə hlasatel

Average acceleration ˈæv(ə)rɪdʒ ækˌseləˈreɪʃən průměrné zrychlení

Check tʃek zkontrolovat, (pr)ověřit

Confuse kənˈfjuːz poplést, zaměnit

Define dɪˈfaɪn definovat, stanovit

Determine dɪˈtɜːmɪn určit, stanovit

Direction daɪ-/dɪˈrekʃən směr

Divide by sth. dɪˈvaɪd ˈbaɪ ˈsʌmθɪŋ vydělit něčím

Either… or ˈaɪðə/ ˈiːðə ˈɔː buď… (a)nebo

Instantaneous acceleration

ˌɪnstənˈteɪnɪəs ækˌseləˈreɪʃən

okamžité zrychlení

Magnitude ˈmægnɪˌtjuːd rozměr, rozsah, velikost

Rate reɪt míra, frekvence

Since sɪns protože, vzhledem k tomu, že

Squared ˈskweəd čtvereční, na druhou

Vector quantity ˈvektə ˈkwɒntɪtɪ vektorová veličina

Velocity vɪˈlɒsɪtɪ rychlost

Yet jet přesto



Téma: Free Fall


Předmět: Fyzika

Cílová skupina: 1. ročník oboru Nechatronik



Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Vysvětlení podstaty volného pádu, příklady z praxe

jazykový – Verb forms (Present Perfect)

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 7 SUBJECT: 1. Free Fall Physics

7. Free Fall

Any object which is being acted upon only by the force of gravity is in

a state called free fall; it does not encounter air resistance

TASK 1:

A free-falling object has a special acceleration. Give its symbol 1.

and numerical value.

Does this numerical value changes in different gravitational 2.

environments or is still the same?

TASK 2:

The distance that a free-falling object has fallen from a position of

rest depends on the time of fall and is given by the formula:

𝑑 = 0.5 ∙ 𝑔 ∙ 𝑡2

Calculate the distance after a time given and draw the diagram

showing the results for a free-falling object dropped from a position

of rest.7

TIME 0s 1s 2s 3s 4s 5s DISTANCE

7 Introduction to free fall. 2015. The physics classroom/1DKin/Lesson-5/Introduction [online]. [cit. 2015-05-08].

Dostupné z: http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/1DKin/Lesson-5/Introduction

SOLUTION:

TASK 1:

It´s known as the acceleration of gravity: g = 9.8 m/s/s and it changes

its numerical value in different gravitational environments.

TASK 2:

TIME 0s 1s 2s 3s 4s 5s DISTANCE 0m 9,8m 19.6m 29m 39.2m 49m

Dictionary


Air resistance ˈeə rɪˈzɪstəns odpor vzduchu

Characteristic ˌkærɪktəˈrɪstɪk vlastnost, znak

Consider kənˈsɪdə brát v úvahu

Diagram ˈdaɪəˌgræm schéma, graf

Downwards ˈdaʊnwədz směrem dolů

Earth ɜːθ Země

Environment ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt prostředí

Gravity ˈgrævɪtɪ gravitace

Numerical value njuːˈmerɪkəl ˈvæljuː číselná odnota

Position of rest pəˈzɪʃən ˈɒv ˈrest klidová poloha

State steɪt stav

Value ˈvæljuː hodnota



Téma: Circular Motion


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Charakteristika pohybu po kružnici, základní pojmy

jazykový – Object description

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 8 SUBJECT: 1. Circular Motion Physics

8. Circular Motion

Obrázek 1 Graph of Circular motion8

TASK 1:

Describe the graph of circular motion and give the formulas for 1.

calculating angular velocity and acceleration.

Why is an object accelerating when undergoing uniform circular 2.

motion and moving with a constant speed?

What is it a net force? 3.

Can you give an example of the circular motion in any sports? 9 4.

8 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Circular_motion_of_point_mass.png?uselang=cs

9 Uniform circular motion. 2015. Sparknotes [online]. [cit. 2015-05-08]. Dostupné z:

http://www.sparknotes.com/physics/dynamics/uniformcircularmotion/section1.rhtml

SOLUTION:

TASK 1:

Angular velocity formula: v = r 𝑑𝜃

𝑑𝑡 , acceleration formula: a =

𝑣2

𝑟

Since velocity is a vector with both – magnitude and direction,

changes in the magnitude/direction mean a change in the

velocity, thus the object is accelerating.

A centripetal force which is directed towards the centre of the

circle, it causes the object moving round the circle.

Any turn.

Dictionary


Accelerate ækˈseləˌreɪt zrychlit

Angular velocity ˈæŋgjʊlə vɪˈlɒsɪtɪ úhlová rychlost

Centripetal ˌsɛntrɪˈpiːt(ə)l dostředivý

Circular motion ˈsɜːkjʊlə ˈməʊʃən pohyb po kružnici

Constant speed ˈkɒnstənt ˈspi:d konstantní rychlost

Thus ðʌs tudíž

Undergo ˌʌndəˈgəʊ podstoupit

Uniform ˈjuːnɪˌfɔːm rovnoměrný



Téma: Dynamics - introduction


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Seznámení se základními pojmy, symboly, jednotkami

jazykový – Basic English terms and their Czech equivalents, language transformation

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 9 SUBJECT: 1. Dynamics - introduction Physics

9. Dynamics – introduction

TASK 1:

Translate the following characteristics of dynamics:

odvětví fyziky zabývající se příčinami vzniku a změn pohybu

je protikladem kinematiky

TASK 2:

Match the terms to their definitions, give the Czech equivalents.

force 1.

inertia 2.

inertial reference frame 3.

mass 4.

newton 5.

weight 6.

a) the gravitational force exerted on a given mass

b) the amount of matter in a given body

c) any frame in which Newton´s Laws are valid

d) the tendency of an object to remain at constant

velocity

e) it is defined as a push and a pull

f) a unit of force

SOLUTION:

TASK 1:

Ss´ own answers

TASK 2:

1e, 2d, 3c, 4b, 5f, 6a

Dictionary


Amount əˈmaʊnt množství

Branch brɑːntʃ obor, odvětví

Concern kənˈsɜːnd zabývat se

Dynamics daɪˈnæmɪks dynamika

Exert ɪgˈzɜːt vyvíjet

Gravitational ˌgrævɪˈteɪʃənəl gravitační

Inertia ɪˈnɜːʃə setrvačnost

Kinematics ˌkɪnɪˈmatɪks kinematika

Mass mæs masa

Matter ˈmætə hmota, látka

Physics ˈfɪzɪks fyzika

Remain rɪˈmeɪn zůstat

Tendency ˈtendənsɪ sklon, tendence

The opposite ˈɒpəzɪt/ ˈɒpəsɪt protiklad

Unit ˈjuːnɪt jednotka

Valid ˈvælɪd platný

Weight weɪt váha



Téma: Newton´s Laws of Motion


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Znění a aplikace Newtonových zákonů

jazykový – Improving listening skills

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 10 SUBJECT: 1. Newton´s Laws of Motion Physics

10. Newton´s Laws of Motion

Watch the video and then do the tasks:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mn34mnnDnKU

TASK 1:

Fill in the gaps with the missing words:

A particle will ........... at rest or ......... with its motion , unless 1.

acted upon by an ............. force

The force on an object is .........to its ........multiplied by its 2.

....................

𝐹 = 𝑚 ∗ 𝑎

Every action has a/n ............. and ................reaction10

3.

TASK 2:

Give some examples of Newton´s laws application in everyday

life.

10

Newton´s 3 (three) laws of Motion.

2013. Https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mn34mnnDnKU [online]. [cit. 2015-05-08]. Dostupné z: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mn34mnnDnKU

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mn34mnnDnKU

SOLUTION:

TASK 1:

remain, in line, external 1.

equal, mass, acceleration 2.

equal, opposite, 3.

TASK 2:

Ss´ own answers

Dictionary


Application ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃən využití, uplatnění

Equal ˈiːkwəl rovnat se, být roven

Everyday life ˈevrɪˌdeɪ ˈlaɪf všední život

Gap gæp mezera

Law lɔː zákon

Multiply ˈmʌltɪˌplaɪ násobit

Particle ˈpɑːtɪkəl částice

Reaction rɪˈækʃən reakce

Unless ʌnˈles pokud ne

Upon əˈpɒn na, za, po



Téma: Momentum


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Aktivizace poznatků a jejich praktické využití

jazykový – Making predictions

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 11 SUBJECT: 1. Momentum Physics

11. Momentum

MOMENTUM can be defined as “mass in motion”. Can you guess why

it is important in predicting the outcome of a collision?

TASK 1:

The momentum of a moving object depends on:

• its ..................1)

• its ..................2)

as can be seen from its formula: p = m * v

Momentum is a .............3) quantity its unit is ..................4)

TASK 2:

A car possesses 20 000 units of momentum. What would be the car's

new momentum if

its velocity was doubled

its mass was doubled

both the velocity and mass were doubled11

11 Momentum. 2015. The Physics classroom [online]. [cit. 2015-05-08]. Dostupné z:

http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/momentum/u4l1a.cfm

SOLUTION:

TASK 1:

1) mass, 2) velocity, 3) vector, 4) kg * m/s

TASK 2:

p = 40 000 units (doubling the velocity will double the

momentum)

p = 40 000 units (doubling the mass will double the momentum)

p = 80 000 units (doubling the velocity will double the

momentum and doubling the mass will also double the

momentum)

Dictionary


Collision kəˈlɪʒən střet, kolize, srážka

Double ˈdʌbəl zdvojnásobit

Important ɪmˈpɔːtənt důležitý


Outcome ˈaʊtˌkʌm výsledek

Possess pəˈzes mít, vlastnit

Predict prɪˈdɪkt předpovídat



Téma: Friction


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Shrnutí a opakování učiva a klíčových pojmů

jazykový – Adjectives and their forms

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 12 SUBJECT: 1. Friction Physics

12. Friction

TASK 1:

Check the meaning of key words before doing the tasks:

resistive force, pushing force, solid object, friction, static, kinetic,

sliding, rolling, fluid, adhesion, surface, roughness, braking distance

TASK 2:

Describe the diagram bellow: explain what friction generally is, what

kind of friction force is applied and what type of friction is shown.

Obrázek 2 Friction force12

TASK 3:

Think! What is the practical use of braking distance and friction in

everyday life? 13

12 File:Friction diagram.png. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2012 [cit. 2015-05-16]. Dostupné z:

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Friction_diagram.png

13

Resistive Force of Friction. School for Champions [online]. 2012 [cit. 2015-05-16]. Dostupné z:

http://www.school-for-champions.com/science/friction.htm#.VVchuvntmko

TASK 4:

What is the difference between static and kinetic friction, which 1.

is greater?

Give the names of three major types of friction and some 2.

examples from everyday life.

SOLUTION:

TASK 2:

Friction is the force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces,

fluid layers, and material elements sliding against each other. In the

picture we can see example of kinetic sliding friction.

TASK 3:

It is essential for calculating the stopping distance of a vehicle.

TASK 4:

Static friction – there is no motion, pushing force is less than resistive

force of friction

Kinetic friction – objects move, pushing force is greater than friction.

Static friction is greater than kinetic

Type of friction:

sliding - accelerating car on vet surface

rolling - moving huge blocks of stone using logs and rollers

fluid – any movement of water flowing through a hose

Dictionary


Adhesion ədˈhiːʒən přilnavost, adheze

Braking distance ˈbreɪkɪŋ ˈdɪstəns brzdná vzdálenost/dráha

Fluid ˈfluːɪd tekutina, kapalina

Friction ˈfrɪkʃən tření

Key word ˈkiːˌwɜːd klíčové slovo

Kinetic kɪˈnetɪk kinetický, pohybový

Motion ˈməʊʃən pohyb

Push pʊʃ tlačit

Resistive force rɪˈzɪstɪv ˈfɔːs odporová síla

Roll rəʊl valit (se), kutálet (se)

Roughness rʌfnɪs / rʌfnəs hrubost, drsnost

Slide (pt slid, pp slid/slidden)

ˈslaɪd klouzat

Solid ˈsɒlɪd tuhý, pevný (skupenství)

Static ˈstætɪk nehybný, statický

Surface ˈsəːfɪs povrch



Téma: Centripetal and Centrifugal Force


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Rozdíl mezi odstředivou a dostředivou silou, praktické využití

jazykový – Present Simple questions

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 13 SUBJECT: 1. Centripetal and Centrifugal

Force Physics

13. Centripetal and Centrifugal Force

Obrázek 3 Diagram of Centripetal and Centrifugal Force14

TASK 1:

In pairs ask and answer questions about centripetal and centrifugal

force in order to summarize your knowledge. Use the diagram and

following hints:

equal and opposite, real force, tendency to fly away, circular motion,

Newton´s laws , the centre of the circular path, mass, velocity radius,

TASK 2:

THINK! The centrifugal force is thought to cause a body to fly out of

its circular path when it is released. Is it true?15

14

File:Centripetal force and reaction.svg. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2012 [cit. 2015-05-16].

Dostupné z: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Centripetal_force_and_reaction.svg?uselang=cs 15 Centripetal force and centrifugal force. Infoplease [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-05-16]. Dostupné z:

http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/science/centripetal-force-centrifugal-force.html

SOLUTION:

TASK 1:

Ss´ own questions/answers

TASK 2:

In fact it is the removal of the centripetal force that allows the body

to travel in a straight line as required by Newton's first law.

Dictionary


Axis ˈæksɪs osa

Centrifugal ˌsɛntrɪˈfjuːg(ə)l odstředivý

Centripetal ˌsɛntrɪˈpiːt(ə)l dostředivý

Circular ˈsəːkjʊlə kruhový

Hint hɪnt nápověda, tip

Knowledge ˈnɒlɪdʒ vědomost(i)

Opposite ˈɒpəzɪt/ ˈɒpəsɪt opačný

Radius ˈreɪdɪəs poloměr

Release rɪˈliːs uvolnit, pustit

Rotation rəʊˈteɪʃən rotace, otáčení

Summarize (BrE summarise)

ˈsʌməˌraɪz shrnout



Téma: Mechanical Work


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Aplikace získaných poznatků v praxi, shrnutí učiva

jazykový – Conditionals

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 14 SUBJECT: 1. Mechanical Work Physics

14. Mechanical Work

When a force is used to move something, the work is done, it is the

transfer of mechanical energy.

Work done = force x distance = ................................1)

The unit is ......................2), it is a ........................3) quantity.

TASK 1:

Is work done if nothing is actually moving (no matter how great

the force is)?

If there is positive work, can negative work be done as well?

What is the work done if the forces act at angles to the

direction of motion? 16

16

Introduction to Work and Energy. 2015. Boundless.com [online]. [cit. 2015-05-15]. Dostupné z:

https://www.boundless.com/physics/textbooks/boundless-physics-textbook/work-and-energy-6/introduction-60/introduction-to-work-and-energy-273-6944/

SOLUTION:

Missing words: 1) W=F*d, 2) joule, 3) vector

TASK 1:

NO, because the distance is 0.

YES, it usually acts in the opposite direction.

W = F*d*cos

Dictionary


Actually ˈæktʃʊəlɪ skutečně, ve skutečnosti

Angle ˈæŋgəl úhel

Distance ˈdɪstəns vzdálenost

Joule dʒuːl joule (jednotka)

Mechanical work mɪˈkænɪkəl ˈwɜːk mechanická práce

Move muːv hýbat (se), pohnout (se)

Nothing ˈnʌθɪŋ nic

Transfer ˈtrænsfɜː přenos



Téma: Kinetic and Potential Energy


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Sumarizace rozdílů mezi kinetickou a potenciální energií

jazykový – Passive voice

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 15 SUBJECT: 1. Kinetic and Potential Energy Physics

15. Kinetic and Potential Energy

TASK 1:

Choose the correct option:

Kinetic energy is energy due to position/motion. 1.

It is defined by equation: E=1

2 m*s2 / v2. 2.

Where m is weight/mass. 3.

The work done on a body is equal to/different to its change in 4.

kinetic energy.

If you double the speed, the minimum stopping distance will be 5.

quadrupled/the same.

The work that can be done to an object is called potential/ 6.

mechanical.

It does not matter/matters what path is taken.17 7.

TASK 2:

In your own words summarize what you have already known about

the topic using passive voice if possible.

17

What is Energy? 2006. Railroad Commision - Energy Education [online]. [cit. 2015-05-15]. Dostupné

z: http://www.energyeducation.tx.gov/energy/section_1/topics/what_is_energy/index.html

SOLUTION:

TASK 1:

1) motion, 2) v2 , 3) mass, 4) equal to, 5) quadrupled, 6) mechanical,

7) matters

TASK 2:

Ss´ own answers

Dictionary


Body ˈbɒdɪ těleso

Choose tʃuːz vybrat

Correct kəˈrekt správný

Define dɪˈfaɪn vymezit, definovat

Due to djuː tuː kvůli, díky

Equation ɪˈkweɪʒən/ ɪˈkweɪʃən rovnice

Kinetic kɪˈnetɪk kinetický

Option ˈɒpʃən možnost

Position pəˈzɪʃən poloha

Potential pəˈtenʃəl potenciální

Quadrupled ˈkwɒdrʊp(ə)ld čtyřnásobný



Téma: Mechanical Energy


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Shrnutí a upevnění učiva

jazykový – Word order

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 16 SUBJECT: 1. Mechanical Energy Physics

16. Mechanical Energy

MECHANICAL ENERGY is the sum of a body´s kinetic and potential

energy: E= EK + EP

TASK 1:

Put the words to the correct order to make sentences:

contains/object/mechanical energy/every/in motion. 1.

type of energy/converted/mechanical energy/cannot be/to 2.

another.

position and motion/of an object/with/is associated/the 3.

mechanical energy/its.

can convert/machines/heat/some/mechanical energy/into. 4.

mechanical energy/an object/has the ability/if/contains/to do 5.

work/it.

in temperature/it decreases/when/an object/mechanical 6.

energy/loses.18

TASK 2:

Decide if the statements above are true or false.

18

Mechanical Energy Facts. 2015. SoftSchools.com [online]. [cit. 2015-05-14]. Dostupné z:

http://www.softschools.com/facts/energy/mechanical_energy_facts/396/

SOLUTION:

TASK 1, 2:

Every object in motion contains mechanical energy. T 1.

Mechanical energy cannot be converted to another type of 2.

energy. F

The mechanical energy of an object is associated with its 3.

position and motion. T

Some machines can convert heat into mechanical energy. T 4.

If an object contains mechanical energy, it has an ability to do 5.

work. T

When an object loses mechanical energy, it decreases in 6.

temperature. F

Dictionary


Ability əˈbɪlɪti schopnost

Associate with əˈsəʊʃɪˌeɪt ˈwɪθ spojovat (si) s

Contain kənˈteɪn obsahovat

Convert kənˈvɜːt přeměnit

Decrease dɪˈkriːs klesnout, zmenšit (se)

Heat hiːt teplo, horko

Lose (pt&pp lost) luːz ztratit

Statement ˈsteɪtmənt tvrzení, výrok

Sum sʌm součet



Téma: Law of Conservation of Energy


Předmět: Fyzika

Cílová skupina: 1. ročník oboru Mecharonik



Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Objasnění fyzikálního zákona a jeho praktické využití

jazykový – Prepositions (to, out, from through)

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 17 SUBJECT: 1. Law of Conservation of Energy Physics

17. Law of Conservation of Energy

ENERGY CANNOT BE CREATED OR DESTROYED. IT CAN BE

TRANSFERED FROM ONE FORM TO ANOTHER. (The total amount of

energy in a closed system will remain the same)

Total energy in = Total energy out

In a car several energy transformations are involved:

Chemical energy in the fuel converted to kinetic energy of

expanding gas

Kinetic energy of expanding gas converted to linear piston

movement

Linear piston movement converted to rotary crankshaft

movement19

TASK 1:

What are the most common types of energy? Give some examples of

practical application in everyday life.

19 Law of conservation of energy. Nyu.edu [online]. 2011 [cit. 2015-05-17]. Dostupné z:

http://www.nyu.edu/classes/tuckerman/adv.chem/lectures/lecture_2/node4.html

TASK 2:

What energy transformation is involved? (see the example)

Heat engine heat → mechanical energy Generator Hydroelectric dam Lamp Nuclear power plant Windmill Friction Solar cells Microphone

SOLUTION:

TASK 1:

Types of energy: mechanical, kinetic, thermal, electrical, chemical,

nuclear, solar, fluid power, sound etc.

TASK 2:

Heat engine heat → mechanical energy Generator kinetic → electricity Hydroelectric dam gravitational potential e. → electricity Lamp electrical e. → heat, light Nuclear power plant nuclear e. → heat → electricity Windmill wind e. → electricity or mechanical energy Friction kinetic e. → heat Solar cells light → electricity Microphone sound → electricity

Dictionary


Closed system kləʊzd ˈsɪstəm uzavřený systém

Conservation of energy ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃən ɒv ˈenədʒɪ zachování energie

Crankshaft ˈkræŋkˌʃɑːft kliková hřídel

Create kriːˈeɪt vytvořit

Destroy dɪˈstrɔɪ zničit

Expanding gas gæs rozpínající se plyn

Form fɔːm forma, druh

Fuel fjʊəl palivo

Hydroelectric dam ˌhaɪdrəʊɪˈlektrɪk ˈdæm přehrada, vodní dílo

Lamp læmp lampa, svítilna

Nuclear power plant ˈnjuːklɪə ˈpaʊə ˈplɑːnt jaderná elektrárna

Piston ˈpɪstən píst

Solar cell ˈsəʊlə solární baterie/článek

Total ˈtəʊtəl celkový

Transfer trænsˈfɜː přenést

Windmill ˈwɪndˌmɪl větrný mlýn



Téma: Power, Efficiency


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Praktický význam výkonu a účinnosti, matematické vyjádření

jazykový – Using mathematical symbols and terminology

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 18 SUBJECT: 1. Power, Efficiency Physics

18. Power, Efficiency

POWER is work done per second or amount of energy transformed

per second, it is usually expressed by formula P = W/t, SI unit is watt.

TASK 1:

Power is also FORCE x VELOCITY = P = F*v

Do you know how to get the formula above?

(It is useful to know, especially if the speed is given in an exercise)

EFFICIENCY deals with the utilization of energy in a system.

Imagine the following situation: In a furnace, fuel oil is burned to

produce heat. If all of the fuel oil is consumed the furnace would be

100% efficient. But in reality a furnace is only 80 to 85% efficient.

TASK 2:

Explain what the reason for 85% efficiency is. 7.

Give at least one way how to calculate efficiency. 8.

What is the practical use of efficiency?20 9.

SOLUTION:

20

Power and Efficiency. S-cool the revision website [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-05-16]. Dostupné z:

http://www.s-cool.co.uk/gcse/physics/energy-calculations/revise-it/power-and-efficiency

TASK 1:

1st step P = W/t

2nd step W = F*s, which gives P = F*s/t

3rd step v = s/t, which gives you s = v*t, which you can

substitute into the above equation to give P = F*v

TASK 2:

1. Heat lost in the chimney, unburned fuel

2. Power out/power in x 100% = efficiency

3. Ss´ own answers

Dictionary


Chimney ˈtʃɪmnɪ komín

Deal with sth. (pt&pp dealt)

ˈdiːl ˈwɪθ ˈsʌmθɪŋ zabývat se něčím

Efficiency ɪˈfɪʃənsɪ účinnost

Especially ɪˈspeʃəlɪ (ob)zvláště, především

Express ɪkˈspres vyjádřit

Furnace ˈfɜːnɪs pec (spalovací)

Power (P) ˈpaʊə výkon

Substitute ˈsʌbstɪˌtjuːt nahradit

Useful ˈjuːsfəl užitečný

Usually ˈjuːʒʊəlɪ obvykle

Utilization ˌjuːtɪlɪˈzeɪʃən využití, zužitkování

Watt wɒt watt



Téma: Mechanics of a Rigid Body


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Seznámení se základní terminologií

jazykový – Expressing causes and effects

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 19 SUBJECT: 1. Mechanics of a Rigid Body Physics

19. Mechanics of a Rigid Body

RIGID BODY can be defined as a particular system of particles which

does not deform.

TASK 1:

Could you explain the difference between external and internal

forces and their effects?

TASK 2:

Each rigid body can move. What types of motion do you know?

TASK 3:

Do you know what free body diagram is and what it is used for?21

What forces are acting on the block?

Obrázek 4 Free Body Diagram22

21

Mechanics of Rigid Body. Www.uclm.es [online]. 1994 [cit. 2015-05-17]. Dostupné z:

http://www.uclm.es/profesoradO/ajbarbero/FF_English/Mechanics%20of%20Rigid%20Body%20Ia.%20Physics08.pdf 22 File:Free body diagram.png. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2007 [cit. 2015-05-17]. Dostupné z:

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Free_body_diagram.png?uselang=cs

SOLUTION:

TASK 1:

The external forces represent the action of other bodies on the rigid

body under consideration. The internal forces are the forces which

hold together the particles forming the rigid body. Only external

forces can impart to the rigid body a motion of translation or rotation

or both. The effect of an external force on a rigid body remains

unchanged if that force is moved along its line of action.

TASK 2:

Types of motion: translation, rotation, general plane motion

TASK 3:

Usually a rough working sketch used to analyse the forces and

moments acting on a body. Forces acting on the block: normal

pushing force, friction, gravitational force.

Dictionary


Act on sth. ˈækt ˈɒn ˈsʌmθɪŋ působit na něco (těleso)

As æz jako

Between bɪˈtwiːn mezi

Deform dɪˈfɔːm (z)deformovat (se)

Effect ɪˈfekt účinek, dopad

External ɪkˈstɜːnəl vnější

General plane motion ˈdʒenərəl ˈpleɪn ˈməʊʃən obecný rovinný pohyb

Internal ɪnˈtɜːnəl vnitřní

Know nəʊ vědět, znát

Particular pəˈtɪkjʊlə určitý, konkrétní

Rigid body ˈrɪdʒɪd ˈbɒdɪ tuhé těleso

Rotation rəʊˈteɪʃən otáčivý (rotační) pohyb

Rough rʌf hrubý, přibližný

Sketch sketʃ náčrt

Translation trænsˈleɪʃən posuvný (translační) pohyb



Téma: Rigid Body Motion


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Aktivizace učiva, grafické zobrazení pohybu tělesa

jazykový – Picture description

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 20 SUBJECT: 1. Rigid Body Motion Physics

20. Rigid Body Motion

TASK 1:

Explain the following terms: rigid body, external and internal forces,

free body diagram, translation, rotation.

Can you guess what does the term non – rigid body mean?

TASK 2:

What types of rigid body motion do you know? Can you give any

examples of each type from everyday life?

TASK 3:

Draw a simple free body diagram showing acting forces:23

a man climbing a rope

a person going upstairs

a flying plane

23

Free body diagram. Google [online]. 2013 [cit. 2015-05-17]. Dostupné z:

https://www.google.cz/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-

8#q=free+body+diagram

Dictionary


Acting forces ˈæktɪŋ ˈfɔːsɪz působící síly

Climb klaɪm šplhat

Draw (pt drew, pp drawn) drɔː nakreslit

Example ɪgˈzɑːmpəl příklad

Explain ɪkˈspleɪn vysvětlit

Fly (pt flew, pp flown) flaɪ letět

Following ˈfɒləʊɪŋ následující

Rope rəʊp provaz, lano

Show (pt showed, pp shown/showed)

ʃəʊ ukazovat

Simple ˈsɪmpəl jednoduchý

Upstairs ˈʌpˈsteəz nahoru (do vyššího poschodí)



Téma: Moment of a Force


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Účinky sil působících na tuhé těleso

jazykový – Correlative comparative

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 21 SUBJECT: 1. Moment of a Force Physics

21. Moment of a Force

TASK 1:

Another name for a moment of a force is torque, which in Czech

means kroutící moment. What kind of movement it can impart to a

rigid body?

TASK 2:

Why it is easier to undo a bolt using a long spanner than a short 1.

spanner?

Why door handles are near the edge of doors? 2.

TASK 3:

The equation of a moment of a force is:

Moment = Force x Perpendicular Distance

THUS: The ………1) the …………2) causing the turning effect the

…………..3) the …………..4) will be. The …………5) the force is from the

pivot the bigger the moment will be.24

(fill in: further, moment, force, bigger 2x)

SOLUTION:

24 Moments. S-cool, the revision website [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-05-17]. Dostupné z: http://www.s-

cool.co.uk/gcse/physics/forces-moments-and-pressure/revise-it/moments

TASK 1:

The moment of a force is a measure of its tendency to cause a body

to rotate about a specific point or axis.

TASK 2:

1. This is because more turning force is produced at the bolt -pivot

with less effort. A long spanner is an example of a force

multiplier.

2. Because it requires less force to open/close the door.

TASK 3:

1) bigger, 2) force, 3) bigger, 4) moment, 5) further

Dictionary


Axis ˈæksɪs osa

Bolt bəʊlt šroub (maticový)

Cause kɔːz způsobit

(door) handle ˈdɔː ˈhændəl klika

Edge edʒ (o)kraj

Effort ˈefət úsilí

Impart ɪmˈpɑːt dodat, dodávat

Measure ˈmɛʒə míra

Moment of force ˈməʊmənt əv ˈfɔːs moment síly

Near nɪə blízko

Perpendicular ˌpɜːpənˈdɪkjʊlə kolmý

Pivot ˈpɪvət otočný bod

Require rɪˈkwaɪə vyžadovat

Spanner ˈspænə maticový klíč

Torque tɔːk točivý moment, kroutící moment

Undo ʌnˈduː povolit



Téma: Composition of Forces


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Shrnutí učiva o působení sil na těleso

jazykový – Expressing opinions

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 22 SUBJECT: 1. Composition of Forces Physics

22. Composition of Forces

TASK 1:

Word shower: coplanar/concurrent/resultant force, skládání/

rozkládání sil – find out the meaning of these words in your

vocabulary list.

TASK 2:

Discuss the following situation with your partner: there are several forces acting on a solid body. How can we determine the resulting force if the acting forces 1. have the same direction 2. are in the opposite direction 3. are at an angle to the direction of motion

TASK 3:

Describe the diagram to your partner:

Obrázek 5/ Resolution of Forces

25

25 File:Résultante forces.jpg. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2006 [cit. 2015-05-22]. Dostupné z:

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:R%C3%A9sultante_forces_parall%C3%A8les_sens_contraire.jpg

Dictionary


Composition kɒmpəˈzɪʃən skládání, složení

Concurrent kənˈkʌrənt sbíhavý

Coplanar kəʊˈpleɪnə koplanární, ve stejné rovině

Resolution ˌrezəˈluːʃən rozklad

Resultant rɪˈzʌltənt výslednice, výsledný

Several ˈsevrəl několik



Téma: A Couple of Forces


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Shrnutí učiva, upevnění poznatků

jazykový – Negative forms of the verb be

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 23 SUBJECT: 1. A Couple of Forces Physics

23. A Couple of Forces

If two equal and opposite forces whose lines of action are NOT

the same act on a body they produce a turning effect on the body.26

Obrázek 6/ Diagram of a Couple 27

TASK 1:

Complete the definition: A couple is composed of two forces that: (a) are …………………1)

(b) are ……………….. 2)

(c) do NOT pass ………………………3)

Which of these are NOT an example of a couple:

Hands on the steering wheel Freefalling object Accelerating car Bicycle pedals

26

Couples. Schoolphysics [online]. 2013 [cit. 2015-05-22]. Dostupné z:

http://www.schoolphysics.co.uk/age16-19/Mechanics/Statics/text/Couples_/index.html 27

Vlastní tvorba

SOLUTION:

TASK 1:

1) equal, 2) opposite, 3) through the same point

freefalling object, accelerating car – acting forces are not opposite

Dictionary


A couple of forces ə ˈkʌpəl əv ˈfɔːsɪz dvojice sil

Accelerating ækˈseləˌreɪtɪŋ zrychlující

Freefalling ˈfriːˌfɔːlɪŋ volně padající

Line of action ˈlaɪn ˈɒv ˈækʃən vektorová přímka

Pass through sth. ˈpɑːs ˈθruː ˈsʌmθɪŋ procházet něčím, skrz něco

Pedal ˈpedəl pedál (kola)

Steering wheel ˈstɪərɪŋ ˈwiːl volant

The same ˈðə ˈseɪm stejný

http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/words/key-to-us-ipa



Téma: Centre of Mass


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Určení těžiště tělesa

jazykový – Relative pronouns

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 24 SUBJECT: 1. Centre of Mass Physics

24. Centre of Mass

The centre of mass is the point where all of the mass of the object is

concentrated. When an object is supported at its centre of mass it

remains in static equilibrium, which means that the net force on an

object is zero.

TASK 1:

How to determine the point where the centre of mass is?

Obrázek 7/The Centre of Mass28

TASK 2:

Imagine two children of equal mass who are sitting on the seesaw.

What will happen if 1) another child joins one of them or 2) one of

the children moves closer to the pivot?29

SOLUTION:

28

Vlastní tvorba 29 Center of Mass. Circus Life [online]. 2010 [cit. 2015-05-09]. Dostupné z:

http://www.pbs.org/opb/circus/classroom/circus-physics/center-mass/

TASK 1:

Xcm = m1x1 + m2x2/ m1+m2

TASK 2:

The centre of mass changes its position: it will be proportionally 1.

closer to the larger mass

The larger mass will be required to join the child who is sitting 2.

nearer the pivot

Dictionary


Centre of mass (AmE center)

ˈsentə ɒv ˈmæs těžíště

Closer kləʊsə blíže

Concentrated ˈkɒnsəntreɪtɪd soustředěný

Equilibrium iːkwɪˈlɪbrɪəm rovnováha

Join dʒɔɪn přidat se

Net force ˈnet ˈfɔːs výsledná síla

Seesaw ˈsiːˌsɔː houpačka

Static ˈstætɪk neměnný, statický

Supported səˈpɔːt podepřený

When wen když

Where weə kde



Téma: The Principle of Moments


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Vztah mezi rovnovážnými silami působícími na těleso

jazykový – Possessive ´s

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 25 SUBJECT: 1. The Principle of Moments Physics

25. The principle of Moments

TASK 1:

Revise the following terms:

centre of mass, equilibrium, turning point, clockwise/anticlockwise,

moment of a force, torque, pivot

TASK 2:

When an object is in equilibrium the sum of the anticlockwise

moments about a turning point must be equal to the sum of the

clockwise moments. 30

sum of anticlockwise moments = sum clockwise moments

Obrázek 8/ Forces acting on a seesaw31

30

Forces & Motion - Principle of Moments. Pass My Exams [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-05-17]. Dostupné z:

http://www.passmyexams.co.uk/GCSE/physics/turning-effect-forces.html 31

Clipart

Explain the principle above using the picture.

Why is the seesaw in equilibrium?

What are directions of forces exerted by both persons?

Give the formula for calculating person´s moment of a force.

TASK 3:

Calculate the person B´s distance from the pivot.

SOLUTION:

TASK 2:

Both persons exert a downward force, person A´s weight is trying to

turn the seesaw anticlockwise while person B is acting clockwise, the

sum of both moments must be equal. Moment = Force x distance

from the pivot

TASK 3:

Moment = Force x distance

person A´s moment = 500 x 2 = 1000 person A´s moment = Person B´s moment person B´s moment = 1000 x ? = 1000 person B´s distance = 1000/1000 = 1m

Dictionary


Anticlockwise ˌæntɪˈklɒkˌwaɪz proti směru hodinových ručiček

Both bəʊθ oba

Clockwise ˈklɒkˌwaɪz po směru hodinových ručiček

Downward ˈdaʊnwəd směrem dolů, dolů směřující

Fulcrum ˈfʊlkrəm / ˈfʌlkrəm střed otáčení

Principle ˈprɪnsɪpəl princip

Revise rɪˈvaɪz zopakovat si

The principle of moments ðə ˈprɪnsɪpəl ɒv ˈməʊmənts momentová věta

Weight weɪt váha, hmotnost

While waɪl zatímco



Téma: Simple Machines


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Jednoduché stroje a jejich aplikace

jazykový – Describing an object and its functions

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 26 SUBJECT: 1. Simple Machines Physics

26. Simple Machines

TASK 1:

What parts does the lever consist of?

Obrázek 9/ A lever 32

TASK 2:

Explain the connection between the position of the fulcrum and the

input and output forces.

Obrázek 10/ Forces on a lever 33

32

Clipart 33

Clipart

TASK 3:

Name other simple machines. Which one is missing?

Give some examples of everyday objects which represent each of

them.

Obrázek 11/ Simple machines 34

34

Clipart

SOLUTION:

TASK 1:

Lever consists of a beam or rigid rod pivoted at a fixed hinge, or

fulcrum.

TASK 2:

The closer the fulcrum is to the object being lifted, the higher the

person can lift the object exerting less force.

TASK 3:

lever (scissors, hammer, spanner), pulley (window blinds, crane),

inclined plane (slides, ladder, staircase), screw (screwdriver, jar lid),

wedge (axe)

missing – wheel and axle (bicycle, gears)

Dictionary


Axe æks sekera

Axle ˈæksəl náprava, osa kola

Beam biːm trám

Consist of sth. kənˈsɪst ˈɒv ˈsʌmθɪŋ skládat se z něčeho

Crane kreɪn jeřáb

Fixed fɪkst pevný, pevně uchycený

Gear gɪə rychlost (v autě)

Hammer ˈhæmə kladivo

Hinge hɪndʒ pant, závěs

Inclined plane ɪnˈklaɪnd ˈpleɪn nakloněná rovina

Input ˈɪnˌpʊt vstupní

Jar lid ˈdʒɑː ˈlɪd víčko sklenice

Ladder ˈlædə žebřík

Lever ˈliːvə páka

Load ləʊd náklad

Output ˈaʊtˌpʊt výstupní

Part pɑːt část, díl

Pulley ˈpʊlɪ kladka

Rod rɒd tyč

Scissors ˈsɪzəz nůžky

Screw skruː šroub, vrut

Screwdriver ˈskruːˌdraɪvə šroubovák

Slide slaɪd skluzavka

Staircase ˈsteəˌkeɪs schodiště

Wedge wedʒ klín

Wheel wiːl kolo

(Window) blind ˈwɪndəʊ ˈblaɪnd roleta, žaluzie



Téma: Rolling Resistance


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Využití fyzikálního jevu v praxi

jazykový – Revision of indirect questions

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 27 SUBJECT: 1. Rolling resistance Physics

27. Rolling resistance

The force that resists the motion when a body rolls on a surface is

called the rolling resistance or the rolling friction.

TASK 1:

Change direct questions into indirect beginning as suggested in an

example:

What it is the friction? Can you explain?

Can you explain what the friction is? How can be the rolling resistance used in our everyday life? Can 1.

you explain?

What do the rolling resistance and tires have in common? Have 2.

you any idea?

Do the wider tires have less or more rolling resistance? Find out. 3.

What are the results of lower rolling resistance? Ask your 4.

teacher.

How to choose the best tires for my bike? Do you know? 35 5.

TASK 2:

To find the answers to your questions visit the website cited bellow.

35 Tire rolling resistance. Roues Artisanales.com [online]. 2006 [cit. 2015-05-19]. Dostupné z:

http://www.rouesartisanales.com/article-1503651.html

SOLUTION:

TASK 1:

Can you explain how the rolling resistance can be used in our everyday life? Have you any idea what the rolling resistance and tires have in common? Find out if the wider tires have less or more rolling resistance. Ask your teacher what the results of lower rolling resistance are. Do you know how to choose the best tires for my bike?

Dictionary


Below bɪˈləʊ níže

Choose (pt chose, pp chosen)

tʃuːz vybrat

Cite saɪt citovat, uvést

Have sth. in common (pt&pp had)

ˈhæv ˈsʌmθɪŋ ˈɪn ˈkɒmən mít něco společného

Idea aɪˈdɪə nápad

Less les méně

Lower ˈləʊə nižší

Resist rɪˈzɪst bránit

Result rɪˈzʌlt výsledek, důsledek

Rolling resistance ˈrəʊlɪŋ rɪˈzɪstəns valivý odpor

Tyre (AmE tire) ˈtaɪə pneumatika

Wider waɪdə širší



Téma: Properties of Liquids


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Vlastnosti kapalin

jazykový – Quantifiers

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 28 SUBJECT: 1. Properties of Liquids Physics

28. Properties of Liquids

TASK 1:

Complete the text:

Liquid is one of the four fundamental states of matter (the others

are: .....1), ......2), and ........3)), and is the only state with a definite

.........4) but no fixed .........5). A liquid is made up of tiny vibrating

particles of matter, such as atoms, held together by intermolecular

bonds. Like a gas, a liquid is able to flow and take the shape of a

...........6). Most liquids resist ................7), although others can be

compressed. A distinctive property of the liquid state is surface

tension.36

TASK 2:

Give the Czech equivalents to the English terms:

Volume Pressure and buoyancy Surface Viscosity Flow Sound propagation

36

Liquid: Properties of Liquids. Infoplease [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-05-18]. Dostupné z:

http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/science/liquid-properties-liquids.html

SOLUTION:

TASK 1:

1) solid, 2) gas, 3) plasma, 4) volume, 5) shape, 6) container, 7)

compression

TASK 2:

volume – objem, pressure – tlak, buoyancy – vztlaková síla, surface –

povrch, viscosity – viskozita, flow – tok, sound propagation – šíření

zvuku

Dictionary


Buoyancy ˈbɔɪənsɪ nadnášení, vztlak

Compression kəmˈpreʃən stlačení

Container kənˈteɪnə nádoba

Distinctive dɪˈstɪŋktɪv typický, charakteristický

Flow fləʊ téct, proudit; tok

Fundamental ˌfʌndəˈmentəl základní

Gas gæs plyn

Hold (pt&pp held) həʊld držet

Liquid ˈlɪkwɪd tekutina, kapalina

Made up meɪd ʌp vytvořený, tvořený

Matter ˈmætə hmota

Pressure ˈpreʃə tlak

Property ˈprɒpətɪ vlastnost

Shape ʃeɪp tvar

Solid ˈsɒlɪd pevná látka; tuhý, pevný

Sound propagation saʊnd ˌprɒpəˈgeɪʃən šíření zvuku

State (of matter) steɪt (əv ˈmætə) skupenství

Surface tension ˈsɜːfɪs ˈtenʃən povrchové napětí

Tiny ˈtaɪnɪ maličký

Viscosity vɪsˈkɒsɪtɪ viskozita, vazkost

Volume ˈvɒljuːm objem



Téma: Pascal´s Law


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Aplikace fyzikálního zákona v praxi

jazykový – Description of how things work

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 29 SUBJECT: 1. Pascal´s Law Physics

29. Pascal´s Law

TASK 1:

The Pascal´s Law states: Tlak vyvolaný vnější silou, která působí na

povrch kapaliny v uzavřené nádobě, je ve všech místech kapaliny

stejný.37

Try to explain the law in your own words in English.

TASK 2:

The most common application of Pascal's law is the hydraulic press.

Use the picture and describe how it works:

Obrázek 12/ The principle of hydraulic press 38

37

Fyzika pro SOU A 1. díl. 1.vydání. Praha: SPN, 1984. Učebnice pro střední školy. ISBN 14 - 462-84.

str. 123 38 File:Press hydraulics.jpg. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2014 [cit. 2015-05-19]. Dostupné z:

commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pess_hydraulics.jpg?uselang=cs

Dictionary


Application ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃən využití

Applied force əˈplaɪd ˈfɔːs působící síla

Fluid ˈfluːɪd tekutina, kapalina

Hydraulic press haɪˈdrɒlɪk ˈpres hydraulický lis

Loading platform ˈləʊdɪŋ ˈplætfɔːm nakládací plošina

Pascal’s law ˈpask(ə)ls ˈlɔː pascalův zákon

Piston ˈpɪstən píst

Use juːz použít

Work wɜːk pracovat, fungovat



Téma: Hydrostatic Pressure


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Aktivizace učiva o tlaku v kapalinách

jazykový – Confirming and rejecting hypothesis

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 30 SUBJECT: 1. Hydrostatic Pressure Physics

30. Hydrostatic pressure

TASK 1:

Choose the correct answer:

Hydrostatic pressure is used in the process of food preservation

called pascalization. YES/NO

The pressure at a given depth depends on direction. YES/NO

Many liquids are considered incompressible. YES/NO

Pressure cannot exert any force parallel to the surface. YES/NO

Static liquid pressure depends on the shape, mass or surface

area of the liquid. YES/NO 39

Task 2:

With the help of the diagram bellow explain the hydrostatic paradox

Obrázek 13/ Hydrostatic Paradox 40

39 Hydrostatic Pressure in a Liquid. Faculty.www.edu [online]. 2014 [cit. 2015-05-22]. Dostupné z:

http://faculty.wwu.edu/vawter/PhysicsNet/Topics/Pressure/HydroStatic.html

40

Category:Hydrostatic paradox. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2011 [cit. 2015-05-22]. Dostupné z:

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hydrostatic_paradox

SOLUTION:

TASK 1:

YES, NO, YES, YES, NO

TASK 2:

Ss´ own answers

Dictionary


Answer ˈɑːnsə odpověď

Considered kənˈsɪdəd považovaný

Correct kəˈrekt správný

Depth depθ hloubka

Food preservation ˈfuːd ˌprezəˈveɪʃən konzervace potravin

Hydrostatic pressure ˌhaɪdrəʊˈstætɪk ˈpreʃə hydrostatický tlak

(in)compressible (ɪn)kəmˈpresɪbl (ne)stlačitelný

Pascalization ˌpask(ə)laɪˈzeɪʃən pascalizace, sterilizace vysokým tlakem



Téma: Atmospheric Pressure


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Ověření principu jednoduchým experimentem

jazykový – Explaining processes (first, second, then, next etc.)

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 31 SUBJECT: 1. Atmospheric pressure Physics

31. Atmospheric Pressure

Atmospheric pressure is defined as the force per unit area exerted

against a surface by the weight of the air above that surface. 41

TASK 1:

What happens if the weight of the air above the unit area increases

or decreases?

TASK 2:

Carry out a simple experiment to show a power of atmospheric

pressure. Put these processes in the correct order using first,

secondly, finally, then, after that, next etc.

Invert the bottle and the plate holding them together carefully. 1.

Prepare a glass bottle and fill it with water. 2.

Slowly release your hand which hold the plate. 3.

Watch what happens next. 4.

Make sure there is no air in the bottle, just water. 5.

Put a glass plate on the bottle. 6.

SOLUTION:

41

Atmospheric Pressure. WW 2010 [online]. 2010 [cit. 2015-05-19]. Dostupné z:

http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/%28Gh%29/guides/mtr/fw/prs/def.rxml

TASK 1:

The pressure at point "X" increases as the weight of the air above it

increases, too. The same can be said about decreasing pressure, the

pressure at point "X" decreases if the weight of the air above it also

decreases.

TASK 2:

First, prepare a glass bottle and fill it with water 1.

Secondly, put a glass plate on the bottle. 2.

Next make sure there is no air in the bottle, just water. 3.

Then invert the bottle and the plate holding them carefully. 4.

After that slowly release the hand which hold the plate. 5.

Finally, watch what happens (next). 6.

The plate will not fall down because of the atmospheric pressure

Dictionary


Above əˈbʌv nad

Against əˈgenst proti

Atmospheric pressure ˌætməsˈferɪk ˈpreʃə atmosferický tlak

Bottle ˈbɒtəl láhev

Carry out ˈkærɪ ˈaʊt provést, uskutečnit

Decrease dɪˈkriːs snižovat (se), klesat

Experiment ɪkˈsperɪmənt pokus

Finally ˈfaɪnəlɪ nakonec

Hold (pt&pp held) həʊld držet

Increase ɪnˈkriːs zvýšit, (vz)růst

Invert ɪnˈvɜːt otočit, převrátit

Make sure (pt&pp made) ˈmeɪk ˈʃʊə ujistit se

Next nekst dále

Order ˈɔːdə pořadí, posloupnost

Per pɜː na (jednotku)

Plate pleɪt talíř, tác

Release rɪˈliːs pustit

Then ðen pak

Unit area ˈjuːnɪt ˈeərɪə jednotka plochy



Téma: Archimedes ´ Law


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Podstata a praktické využití Archimédova zákona

jazykový – Using specific vocabulary, reinforce language acquisition

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 32 SUBJECT: 1. Archimedes´ Law Physics

32. Archimedes ´ Law

Archimedes' principle is the law of buoyancy: the buoyant force is the

force that pushes back up in the water, it is greater than the object´s

weight pushing down, is equal to the weight of the displaced water.

42

TASK 1:

Using Archimedes´ Law try to solve these problems:

Obrázek 14/ Verification of Archimedes´ Law 43

Why is the coin floating in mercury? 1.

How the shape of an object may influence buoyant force? Think 2.

about a huge cruise ship floating on water.

SOLUTION:

42 Archimedes´ Law. CK-12.org [online]. 2012 [cit. 2015-05-23]. Dostupné z:

http://www.ck12.org/physical-science/Archimedes-Law-in-Physical-Science/lesson/Archimedes-Law/?referrer=concept_details 43 File:Pound-coin-floating.jpg. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2013 [cit. 2015-05-23]. Dostupné z:

https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=archimedes%C2%B4principle&title=Special%3ASearch&go=Go&uselang=cs

TASK 1:

A pound coin is floating in mercury due to its lower density according

to Archimedes' Principle (coin density=7.5g/cm³ vs density of

Hg=13.6g/cm³)

The shape of an object may affect how much fluid it displaces and

therefore the buoyant force acting on it. This explains why one object

may sink while another object with the same weight but a different

shape may float.

Dictionary


Archimedes´ law ˌɑːkɪˈmiːdiːziz ˈlɔː archimédův zákon

Buoyant force ˈbɔɪənt ˈfɔːs vztlaková síla

Coin kɔɪn mince

Cruise ship ˈkruːz ˈʃɪp výletní loď

Density ˈdensɪtɪ hustota

Displaced water dɪsˈpleɪst ˈwɔːtə vytlačená voda

Float fləʊt plavat, plout

Influence ˈɪnflʊəns ovlivnit

Law lɔː zákon, princip

Mercury ˈmɜːkjʊrɪ rtuť

Sink (pt sank, pp sunk) sɪŋk potopit se, klesat ke dnu

Solve sɒlv vyřešit

Than ðæn než



Téma: Solid body Floating


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Aktivizace slovní zásoby

jazykový – Applying knowledge of basic terms to solve problems

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 33 SUBJECT: 1. Solid Body floating Physics

33. Solid Body Floating

TASK 1:

To revise a bit find the words:

Weight, gravity, submerge, equal, upward, density, exert, fluid,

shape, buoyancy, surface, compressible, submarine, volume,

eureka, water.

D X N Y T I S N E D X E

S U B M A R I N E R L Q

B U O Y A N C Y F B H U

S U R F A C E R I O B A

E M U L O V I S W K G L

M V A V D W S E X E R T

E R E U R E K A F L A U

A C E R R I B N L K V P

S H A P E G T N U M I W

D I M J T H E G I V T A

A O E W A T E R D E Y R

C X S U B M E R G E Y D

TASK 2:

Work with your partner: explain why a solid body floats, using the

words from previous exercise and applying Archimedes´ law.

Dictionary


A bit ə ˈbɪt trochu

Eureka jʊˈriːkə heuréka

Find (pt&pp found) faɪnd najít

Previous ˈpriːvɪəs předchozí

Revise rɪˈvaɪz zopakovat si

Solid body ˈsɒlɪd ˈbɒdɪ tuhé těleso

Submarine ˈsʌbməˌriːn / ˌsʌbməˈriːn ponorka

Submerge səbˈmɜːdʒ potopit, ponořit

Upward ˈʌpwəd nahoru směřující



Téma: Fluid Flow


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Shrnutí učiva o proudění kapalin

jazykový – 3rd person form, prepositions of movement

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 34 SUBJECT: 1. Fluid flow Physics

34. Fluid Flow

The movement of liquids and gases is generally referred to as flow - a

concept that describes how fluids behave and how they interact with

their surrounding environment. There are two types of fluid flow. 44

Obrázek 15/ Fluid Flow 45

TASK 1:

Describe each type of fluid flow with the following terms:

none of the streamlines cross over, higher velocity, chaotic,

same direction, non streamlined objects, lower velocity, layers

What happens if the size of a pipe changes?

What are the most common applications of fluid flow?

44

Fluid Flow. A Level Notes.com [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-05-23]. Dostupné z:

http://alevelnotes.com/Fluid-Flow/112?tree= 45

File:Laminar and Turbulent flow. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2014 [cit. 2015-05-23]. Dostupné z:

https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=laminar+and+turbulent+flow&title=Special%3ASearch&go=Go&uselang=cs

TASK 2:

Complete the sentences about a watering system with the words

given, put the verbs into the present simple.

around, at the top, into, through, from

At spring, water (flow) flows to a reservoir at the top of the hill.

________ the reservoir, water (pass)________ ______ a pipe. 1.

The pipe (go) ________ _______ a field. 2.

Then the water (leave)_______ the pipe _________ small holes. 3.

Finally, the water (flow) _________the trees. ( upraveno)46 4.

46 Technical English 1 workbook. England: Pearson Longman, 2008. ISBN 978-1-4058-4548-9.

SOLUTION:

TASK 1:

Ss´ own answers

TASK 2:

From the reservoir, water passes through a pipe. 1.

The pipe goes into a field. 2.

Then the water leaves the pipe through small holes. 3.

Finally, the water flows around the trees. 4.

Dictionary


Behave bɪˈheɪv chovat se

Chaotic keɪˈɒtɪk zmatený, neuspořádaný

Environment ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt prostředí

Flow ˈfləʊ proudění, tok

Interact ˌɪntərˈækt vzájemně na sebe působit

Laminar flow ˈlamɪnə ˈfləʊ laminární proudění

Layer ˈleɪə vrstva

Movement ˈmuːvmənt pohyb

Pipe paɪp potrubí

Reservoir ˈrezəˌvwɑː vodní nádrž

Size saɪz rozměr, velikost

Streamline ˈstriːmˌlaɪn proudnice

Surrounding səˈraʊndɪŋ obklopující, okolní

Through θruː skrz

Turbulent flow ˈtɜːbjʊlənt ˈfləʊ turbulentní proudění

Watering system ˈwɔːtərɪŋ ˈsɪstəm systém zavlažování



Téma: Bernoulli´s principle


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Shrnutí a opakování učiva

jazykový – Infinitive of purpose

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 35 SUBJECT: 1. Bernoulli´s Principle Physics

35. Bernoulli´s Principle

Bernoulli's principle states that as the speed of a moving fluid (liquid

or gas) increases, the pressure within the fluid decreases. The

phenomenon described by Bernoulli's principle has many practical

applications. An example is provided by the functioning of a perfume

bottle: in order to draw the fluid up squeeze the bulb over the fluid,

which creates a low pressure area due to the higher speed of the

air.47

TASK 1:

Use the picture to explain how to derivate Bernoulli´s equation.

Obrázek 16/ Bernoulli´s Law Derivation Diagram 48

TASK 2:

Carry a simple experiment to verify Bernoulli´s principle: go to

www.science-sparks.com/2013/04/29/air-pressure

47

Bernoulli´s principle. Theory.uwinnipeg.ca [online]. 1999 [cit. 2015-05-20]. Dostupné z:

http://theory.uwinnipeg.ca/mod_tech/node68.html 48

File:Bernoulli´sLawDerivationDiagram.svg. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2007 [cit. 2015-05-20].

Dostupné z:https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BernoullisLawDerivationDiagram.svg?uselang=cs

www.science-sparks.com/2013/04/29/air-pressure

Dictionary


Bernoulli’s equation bəːˈnuːiz ɪˈkweɪʒən Bernoulliho rovnice

Bulb bʌlb balónek u rozprašovače parfému

Draw up (pt drew, pp drawn)

ˈdrɔː ˈʌp táhnout nahoru

Functioning ˈfʌŋkʃənɪŋ fungování

Perfume ˈpɜːfjuːm parfém

Squeeze skwiːz zmáčknout, stisknout

Verify ˈverɪˌfaɪ ověřit, potvrdit (pravdivost)

Within wɪˈðɪn uvnitř



Téma: Turbines


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Turbíny a jejich účel

jazykový – Develop the basic skills of data processing

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 36 SUBJECT: 1. Turbines Physics

36. Turbines

A turbine is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a

fluid flow and converts it into useful work. It is an essential part of

any hydroelectric dam.

TASK 1:

Here you can see a typical hydroelectric dam, match the terms to the

correct part: powerhouse, turbine, river, generator, intake, reservoir,

long distance power line, penstock.

Obrázek 17/ Hydroelectric dam 49

TASK 2:

Go on http://energy.gov/eere/wind/how-do-wind-turbines-work to

find out how the wind turbine works.

49

File:Hydroelectric dam.jpg. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2008 [cit. 2015-05-19]. Dostupné z:

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hydroelectric_dam_without_text.jpg

http://energy.gov/eere/wind/how-do-wind-turbines-work

SOLUTION:

TASK 1:

Hydroelectric dam: A - reservoir, B - powerhouse, C - turbine, D -

generator, E - intake, F - penstock, G - long distance power lines, H –

river

Dictionary


Device dɪˈvaɪs zařízení

Extract ɪkˈstrækt získat, vyjmout

Hydroelectric dam ˌhaɪdrəʊɪˈlektrɪk ˈdæm vodní dílo (přehrada)

Intake ˈɪnˌteɪk vtok, přívod

Penstock ˈpenstɒk přivaděč

Power line(s) ˈpaʊə ˈlaɪn(z) elektrické vedení

Powerhouse ˈpaʊəˌhaʊs elektrárna

Rotary ˈrəʊtərɪ rotační, otáčivý

Turbine ˈtɜːbɪn turbína

Wind turbine ˈwɪnd ˈtɜːbɪn Větrná turbína



Téma: Aerodynamics


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Seznámení se základními pojmy

jazykový – Develop reading skills (comprehensive check)

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 37 SUBJECT: 1. Aerodynamics Physics

37. Aerodynamics

TASK 1:

Match the questions (1-3) to the right paragraph (a-c):

Obrázek 18/ Forces of Flight 50

What are the four forces of flight? 1.

What makes plane able to fly? 2.

What is aerodynamics? 3.

a) Aerodynamics is the way air moves around things. The rules of

aerodynamics explain how an airplane is able to fly. Anything

that moves through air reacts to aerodynamics. Aerodynamics

even acts on cars, since air flows around cars.

b) The four forces of flight are lift, weight, thrust and drag. These

forces make an object move up and down, and faster or slower.

How much of each force there is changes how the object moves

through the air.

50

File:Thrust drag.gif. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2014 [cit. 2015-05-23]. Dostupné z:

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thrust_drag.gif

c) The shape of an airplane's wings is what makes it able to fly.

Airplanes' wings are curved on top and flatter on the bottom.

That shape makes air flow over the top faster than under the

bottom. So, less air pressure is on top of the wing. This

condition makes the wing, and the airplane it's attached to,

move up. Using curves to change air pressure is a trick used on

many aircraft. Helicopter rotor blades use this trick.

(upraveno)51

TASK 2:

Read the sentences about aerodynamics and choose the correct

answer YES/NO.

Aerodynamics do not act on cars. YES/NO 1.

There are three forces acting on the flight. YES/NO 2.

Lift and drag act in opposite direction. YES/NO 3.

The shape of wings can change air pressure. YES/NO 4.

51

What is Aerodynamics? NASA Education [online]. 2013 [cit. 2015-05-23]. Dostupné z:

https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-4/stories/what-is-aerodynamics-k4.html#.VWByfk_tmko

SOLUTION:

TASK 1:

1b, 2c, 3b

TASK 2:

NO, NO, NO, YES

Dictionary


Aerodynamics ˌeərəʊdaɪˈnæmɪks aerodynamika

Attached to əˈtætʃt ˈtuː připojený, připevněný k

Blade bleɪd lopatka (turbíny, rotoru)

Condition kənˈdɪʃən stav, předpoklad, podmínka

Curve kɜːv zahnout, (za)křivit; křivka, oblouk, zakřivení

Drag dræg (aerodynamický) odpor

Flat (-tter, -ttest) flæt plochý, rovný

Lift lɪft dynamický vztlak

Rule ruːl pravidlo, zásada

Thrust θrʌst tah

Weight weɪt tíha

Wing wɪŋ křídlo



Téma: State of Matter


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Aktivizace poznatků o látkovém skupenství

jazykový – Opposites

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 38 SUBJECT: 1. State of Matter Physics

38. State of Matter

Everything on the Earth can be explained in the terms of four states

(phases) of matter:

TASK 1:

Give the name and basic characteristic of each matter state.

TASK 2:

Match the properties of solid objects (1-6) with their opposites (a-f)

1. breaks easily

2. clear

3. easy to shape

4. hard

5. light

6. strong

a. heavy

b. tough

c. opaque

d. rigid

e. weak

f. soft

TASK 3:

What properties from the table above are typical for these 1.

materials? Aluminium, glass, plastic, diamond, iron.

Find out what are these materials best for. 2.

SOLUTION:

TASK 1:

Solid – fixed shape and volume, particles are close together and can´t move Liquid – fixed volume only, shape of container, particles move faster and further apart Gas – no fixed shape or volume, particles are apart and move quickly and randomly Plasma – mixture of electrons and nuclei

TASK 2:

1b, 2c, 3d, 4f, 5a, 6e

TASK 3:

Aluminium – light, easy to shape, best for aircraft, cooking foil, door frames Glass – clear, hard, break easily, best for windows, bottled Plastic – light, strong, easy to shape, any everyday objects Diamond – hard, industrial cutting Iron – hard, engineering

Dictionary


Aluminium ˌæljʊˈmɪnɪəm hliník

Apart əˈpɑːt od sebe, jeden od druhého

Clear klɪə čirý, průzračný, průhledný

Electron ɪˈlektrɒn elektron

Hard hɑːd tvrdý

Heavy ˈhevɪ těžký (o váze)

Iron ˈaɪən železo

Light laɪt lehký (o váze)

Mixture ˈmɪkstʃə směs

Nucleus (pl. nuclei) ˈnjuːklɪəs jádro

Opaque əʊˈpeɪk neprůhledný/svitný, neprůzračný

Plasma ˈplæzmə plazma (ionizovaný plyn)

Randomly ˈrændəmlɪ nahodile

Rigid ˈrɪdʒɪd neohebný

Soft sɒft měkký

Solid ˈsɒlɪd pevné (skupenství)

State of matter steɪt əv ˈmætə skupenství

Tough tʌf tuhý, pevný

Weak wiːk slabý, nepevný



Téma: Ideal Gas


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Koncepce ideálního plynu, matematické vyjádření

jazykový – Substitute one/ones

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 39 SUBJECT: 1. Ideal Gas Physics

39. Ideal Gas

An ideal gas is a theoretical gas composed of many randomly moving

point particles that do not interact except when they collide

elastically. The ideal gas concept is useful because it obeys the ideal

gas law, assuming that

There are no intermolecular forces between the gas molecules.

The volume occupied by the molecules themselves is entirely

negligible relative to the volume of the container. 52

TASK 1:

What is the ideal gas equation?

TASK 2:

Be careful about using right units! Choose the correct ones:

pressure - Pa/ bar/ kPa/atmosphere

temperature - °C/K

volume - dm3/m3/cm3

the gas constant - R = 8.31441 J K-1 mol-1 / the older one

82.053 cm3 atm K-1 mol-1

52

Ideal gases and the ideal gas law. Chemguide [online]. 2009 [cit. 2015-05-23]. Dostupné z:

http://www.chemguide.co.uk/physical/kt/idealgases.html

SOLUTION:

TASK 1:

ideal gas equation pV = nRT

TASK 2:

pressure – Pa, volume – m3, temperature – K, gas constant – 8.31441

Dictionary


Assume əˈsjuːm předpokládat

Collide kəˈlaɪd srazit se

Composed of kəmˈpəʊzd ˈɒv složený z

Container kənˈteɪnə nádoba

Entirely ɪnˈtaɪəlɪ zcela, naprosto, úplně

Except ɪkˈsept kromě

Ideal gas aɪˈdɪəl ˈgæs ideální (dokonalý) plyn

Intermolecular ˌɪntəməˈlekjʊlə mezimolekulární

Molecule ˈmɒlɪˌkjuːl molekula

Negligible ˈneglɪdʒəbəl zanedbatelný

Obey əˈbeɪ řídit se, dodržovat

Occupy ˈɒkjʊˌpaɪ zabírat, zaujímat

Relative to ˈrelətɪv ˈtu: vzhledem k, ve srovnání s

Theoretical ˌθɪəˈretɪkəl teoretický, hypotetický



Téma: Kinetic Theory


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Aktivizace a rozšíření dřívějších poznatků

jazykový – Sentence formation

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 40 SUBJECT: 1. Kinetic Theory Physics

40. Kinetic Theory

The kinetic particle theory explains the properties of the different

states of matter.

a) Obrázek 19/ Kinetic Theory of Gases 53

In an ideal gas (shown left), the particles have no interaction apart

from pure collisions. In a fluid close to a change of state (shown in

the centre), the effect of mutual attraction on particles is important.

If they are too slow (shown right), the molecules will group together

in compact groups.54

53 File:Kinetic theory of gases (2) svg. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2013 [cit. 2015-05-23]. Dostupné

z: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kinetic_theory_of_gases_(2).svg?uselang=cs

54

Kinetic Theory. BBC - GCSE Bitesize [online]. 2014 [cit. 2015-05-23]. Dostupné z:

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/aqa/heatingandcooling/heatingrev2.shtml

TASK 1:

Match the correct halves of assumptions of the kinetic theory of

gases together:

Gases are composed of 1.

Gas molecules are 2.

Gas molecules have 3.

The collisions between molecules are 4.

When molecules collide 5.

The molecule of gas have 6.

Each molecule in a gas has 7.

a) a different velocity.

b) separate particles called molecules.

c) no attraction or repulsion to each other.

d) completely elastic.

e) kinetic energy.

f) in constant straight line motion.

g) there is no exchange of energy. 55

55 The Kinetic Theory of Gases. ApkXda [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-05-23]. Dostupné z:

http://apkxda.com/kinetic_theory.html

SOLUTION:

TASK 1:

1b, 2f, 3e, 4d, 5g, 6a, 7c

Dictionary


Assumption əˈsʌmpʃən předpoklad, domněnka

Attraction əˈtrækʃən přitažlivost

Be composed of ˈbiː kəmˈpəʊzd ˈɒv skládat se z

Change of state ˈtʃeɪndʒ əv ˈsteɪt změna skupenství

Constant ˈkɒnstənt neustálý

Exchange ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ výměna

Group together ˈgruːp təˈgeðə seskupit se

Half (pl. halves) hɑːf polovina

Important ɪmˈpɔːtənt důležitý

Kinetic theory of matter kɪˈnetɪk ˈθɪərɪ əv ˈmætə kinetická teorie látek

Mutual ˈmjuːtʃʊəl vzájemný

Pure (-rer, -rest) pjʊə čistý

Repulsion rɪˈpʌlʃən odpudivá síla, odpor

Separate ˈseprɪt samostatný



Téma: Thermodynamics


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Aktivizace terminologie a základních poznatků

jazykový – Word Groups, making mind map

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 41 SUBJECT: 1. Thermodynamics Physics

41. Thermodynamics

TASK 1:

Explain the following terms:

Try to arrange them to the simple mind map according to their

meaning and importance:

Thermodynamics, heat, temperature, entropy, thermodynamics

equilibrium, efficiency, laws of thermodynamics

TASK 2:

What it is an internal energy? Is there the external energy as well? If

so, what is the difference between them?

TASK 3:

The internal energy of a system can be changed by (fill in)

…………………….. 1.

…………………….. 2.

…………………….. 3.

Do you know how to calculate the changes in internal energy?56

56

Internal Energy. HyperPhysics.phy [online]. 2009 [cit. 2015-05-22]. Dostupné z:

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/inteng.html

SOLUTION:

TASK 1:

Ss´ own answers

TASK 2:

The total (internal) energy in a system includes potential and kinetic

energy.This is contrast to external energy which is a function of the

sample with respect to the outside environment (e.g. kinetic energy if

the sample is moving or potential energy if the sample is at a height

from the ground)

TASK 3:

by heating the system by doing work on it by adding or taking away matter changes in internal energy = heat added to the system – work done by the system = Δ U = Q – W

Dictionary


Add æd přidat

Arrange əˈreɪndʒ uspořádat

Efficiency ɪˈfɪʃənsɪ účinnost

Entropy ˈentrəpɪ entropie

Following ˈfɒləʊɪŋ následující

Heat hiːt teplo, zahřívat

Include ɪnˈkluːd zahrnovat, obsahovat

Sample ˈsɑːmpəl vzorek

Thermodynamics ˌθɜːməʊdaɪˈnæmɪks termodynamika

Try traɪ zkusit, pokusit se



Téma: Measure Temperature


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Seznámení s rozdílnými způsoby měření teploty

jazykový – Different temperature scales and their conversion

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 42 SUBJECT: 1. Measure Temperature Physics

42. Measure Temperature

Many devices have been invented to accurately measure

temperature. It all started with the establishment of a temperature

scale.57

TASK 1:

Name the commonly used temperature scales. 1.

What are the ways of conversion between them? 2.

Find out what Absolute zero is and how it is expressed by 3.

different scales.

TASK 2:

Have you ever wondered how the thermometer works?

Obrázek 20/ Thermometer 58

4.

57 Units of Temperature. WW 2010 [online]. 1999 [cit. 2015-05-17]. Dostupné z:

http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/%28Gh%29/guides/maps/ctof.rxml

58 Clipart

SOLUTION:

TASK 1, 2:

59

There is a limit to how cold something can be. The Kelvin scale is

designed to go to zero at this minimum temperature. At a

temperature of Absolute Zero there is no motion and no heat.

Absolute Zero occurs at 0 degrees Kelvin or -273.15 degrees Celsius

or at -460 degrees Fahrenheit.

TASK 3:

see the picture

59 Temperature. The encyclopedia of Earth [online]. 2014 [cit. 2015-05-19]. Dostupné z:

http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/156468/

Dictionary


Absolute zero ˈæbsəˌluːt ˈzɪərəʊ absolutní nula

Accurately ˈækjərɪtlɪ přesně

Bulb bʌlb baňka (na teploměru)

Commonly ˈkɒmənlɪ běžně

Conversion kənˈvɜːʃən převod (jednotek)

Degree dɪˈgriː stupeň (teploty)

Establishment ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt založení, ustanovení

Expand ɪkˈspænd rozšířit se, rozpínat se

Express ɪkˈspres vyjádřit

Invent ɪnˈvent vynalézt

Occur əˈkɜː nastat

Scale skeɪl škála, stupnice

Thermometer θəˈmɒmɪtə teploměr



Téma: Heat Transformation


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Aplikace poznatků o tepelné výměně v praxi

jazykový – Comparing different modes of heat transfer

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 43 SUBJECT: 1. Heat Transformation Physics

43. Heat Transformation

Heat - energy that is transferred from one body to another as the

result of a difference in temperature. If two bodies of different

temperatures are brought together, energy is transferred—heat

flows from the hotter body to the colder.

TASK 1:

The effect of this is a/an ………………… in the temperature of the

colder body and a/an …………….. in the temperature of the

hotter body.

A substance may absorb heat …………. an increase in

temperature by …………….. from one state to another.

Heat and temperature are…………………….things.

TASK 2:

There are basically three modes of heat transfer. Match each of them

(1-3) to the correct definition (a-b):

1) conduction, 2) convection, 3) radiation

energy is transferred by a) the mass motion of molecules, b)

electromagnetic radiation, c) direct contact 60

60

Ch 3 Earth´s Atmosphere. Open Geography Education [online]. 2014 [cit. 2015-05-23]. Dostupné z:

http://www.opengeography.org/ch-3-earths-atmosphere.html

TASK 3:

Match the examples to each type of heat transformation.

Sunbathing, using a fan to cool yourself, airport security scanners,

heat loos through the wall, cooking in an oven, ironing, pan placed on

the hot stovetop, computer screens.

SOLUTION:

TASK 1:

increase, decrease, without, changing, not the same

TASK 2, 3:

1c – ironing, using the fan, pan on the stovetop 2a – heat loos, cooking in an oven 3b – sunbathing, airport security scanner, computer screen

Dictionary


Absorb əbˈsɔːb / əbˈzɔːb přijmout, absorbovat

Bring together ˈbrɪŋ təˈgeðə dát dohromady, spojit

Colder kəʊldə studenější

Conduction kənˈdʌkʃən vedení

Convection kənˈvekʃən (tepelné) proudění

Fan fæn ventilator, větrák

Heat transformation ˈhiːt ˌtrænsfəˈmeɪʃən tepelná výměna

Hotter hɒtə teplejší

Ironing ˈaɪənɪŋ žehlení

Loss lɒs ztráta

Oven ˈʌvən trouba

Pan pæn pánev

State ˈsteɪt skupenství

Radiation ˌreɪdɪˈeɪʃən záření

Screen skriːn obrazovka, monitor

Stovetop (BrE hob) ˈstoʊvtɑːp (BrE ˈstəʊvtɒp, hɒb)

varná deska, plotna

Substance ˈsʌbstəns hmota, látka

Sunbathing ˈsʌnˌbeɪðɪŋ opalování (se), slunění (se)

Transfer n ˈtrænsfɜː ; v trænsˈfɜː přenos; přenést



Téma: Heat Transformation


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Shrnutí a opakování učiva

jazykový – Activating prior knowledge

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 44 SUBJECT: 1. Matter State Changes Physics

44. Matter State Changes

Matter changes its state based on the temperature changes. As

temperature changes from low to high, matter changes its state from

solid, to liquid and finally to gas; and vice versa.

TASK 1:

Activate your knowledge of state of matter and describe each of

them.

TASK 2:

Look at the picture, explain the process of matter state changes and

give the Czech terms to the English ones.

Obrázek 21/ Matter State Change 61

61 File:Phase change - en.svg. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2008 [cit. 2015-05-19]. Dostupné z:

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Phase_change_-_en.svg?uselang=cs

Dictionary


Based on ˈbeɪst ˈɒn založený na, na základě

Condensation ˌkɒndenˈseɪʃən kondenzace, zkapalnění

Deposition (desublimation)

ˌdepəˈzɪʃən desublimace

Freezing ˈfriːzɪŋ tuhnutí

Ionization ˌaɪənaɪˈzeɪʃən ionizace

Low ləʊ nízký (např.teplota)

Melting ˈmeltɪŋ tání

Recombination riːˌkɒmbɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n rekombinace

Sublimation ˌsʌblɪˈmeɪʃən sublimace

Vaporization ˌveɪpərəˈzeɪʃən/ ˌveɪpəraɪˈzeɪʃən

vypařování

Vice versa ˈvaɪsɪ ˈvɜːsə naopak



Téma: Ideal Gas State Equation


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Rozdílné vyjádření stavové rovnice ideálního plynu

jazykový – Rearranging formula, converting different units

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 45 SUBJECT: 1. Ideal Gas State Equation Physics

45. Ideal Gas State Equation

TASK 1:

Revise what have you already learnt about ideal gas

TASK 2:

The state of a gas is determined by its temperature, its pressure and

the amount of substance. For the limiting case of an ideal gas these

state variables are linked by the general equation:

PV = nRT where

P is the ................ of the gas V is the ................ of the gas n is the ................................ R is the ideal, or universal, ................... T is the ………………. of the gas

TASK 3:

240cm3 of air at a pressure of 100kPa in a bicycle pump is

compressed to a volume of 150cm. What is the pressure of the

compressed air in the pump?62

62

PVT Calculations Gas Laws. Docbrown.info [online]. 2014 [cit. 2015-05-27]. Dostupné z:

http://www.docbrown.info/page03/3_52gaslaws.htm

SOLUTION:

TASK 2:

P – pressure, V – volume, n – number of mole of gas, R – constant, T –

temperature.

TASK 3:

According to Boyle´s law equation p1 x V1 = p2 x V2 , rearranging to

scale up for the new higher pressure p2 = p1 x V1/V2 = 100 x

240/150 = 160 kPa

Dictionary


Already ɔːlˈredɪ už, již

Bicycle pump ˈbaɪsɪkəl ˈpʌmp pumpička na kolo

Case keɪs případ

Ideal gas state equation aɪˈdɪəl ˈgæs ˈsteɪt ɪˈkweɪʒən stavová rovnice ideálního plynu

Link lɪŋk propojit, spojit, souviset

Mole məʊl mol

Variable ˈveərɪəbəl proměnná



Téma: Thermodynamic Process


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Aktivizace pojmů, shrnutí učiva

jazykový – Word formation

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 46 SUBJECT: 1. Thermodynamic Process Physics

46. Thermodynamic Process

A thermodynamic process is defined by changes of state combined

with transfers of matter and energy to and from the surroundings of

the system or to and from other systems. 63

TASK 1:

Revise the basic terms: heat, internal energy, pressure, density,

temperature, thermal contact, thermal equilibrium.

TASK 2:

How do we use the 1st Law of Thermodynamics?

TASK 3:

What is it reversible/irreversible process? Give some examples.

TASK 4:

Complete the table

Word part Word part meaning

Example of word

Word meaning

therm/o - trans -

1 2 1 2

1 2 1 2

63

Thermodynamic Processes. IPractice.in [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-05-24]. Dostupné z:

http://www.ipractice.in/definitions/Medical/Physics/Thermodynamics/Thermodynamic-processes

SOLUTION:

TASK 1:

thermal contact- when two substances can affect each other's temperature thermal equilibrium - when two substances in thermal contact no longer transfer heat

TASK 2:

This law is a restatement of the law of conservation of energy. ΔU = Q + W ΔU represents the net change in the internal energy of the gas Q represents the net heat added (+) or removed (-) from a confined gas W is work done by the confined gas (-) or on the confined gas (+)

TASK 3:

A process is reversible if it satisfies two conditions. The process must

be quasi-static and it should be non-dissipative. This means that

there should be no friction, viscosity, etc.

TASK 4:

thermo – connected with temperature, heat

trans – across or through

Dictionary


Affect əˈfekt ovlivnit, postihnout

Combine kəmˈbaɪn spojit (se), sloučit (se)

(ir)reversible (ˌɪ)rɪˈvɜːsəbəl (ne)vratný

Remove rɪˈmuːv vyjmout

Satisfy ˈsætɪsˌfaɪ splňovat

Surroundings səˈraʊndɪŋz okolí, prostředí

Thermodynamic process ˌθɜːməʊdaɪˈnæmɪk ˈprəʊses

termodynamický děj



Téma: Isothermal/Isochoric/Isobaric Process


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Podstata jednotlivých procesů a rozdílů mezi nimi

jazykový – Explaining the differences between processes

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 47 SUBJECT: 1. Isotermal/Isobaric/Isochoric

Process Physics

47. Isothermal/Isobaric/Isochoric Process

TASK 1:

Complete the chart summarizing the basic thermodynamic processes.

Isochoric Isobaric Isothermal Adiabatic

held constant

formula

PV diagram

TASK 2:

Can you give any examples of each process?

TASK 3:

Gas in a container is at a pressure of 1.5 atm and a volume of 4 m3. What is the work done by the gas if

a) it expands at constant pressure to twice its initial volume? b) it is compressed at constant pressure to 1/4 of its initial

volume?64

64

Thermodynamic Processes. IPractice.in [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-05-24]. Dostupné z:

http://www.ipractice.in/definitions/Medical/Physics/Thermodynamics/Thermodynamic-processes

SOLUTION:

TASK 1:

Isochoric Isobaric Isothermal Adiabatic

held constant

volume pressure temperature no heat transferred

formula P1/T1=P2/T2 V1/T1=V2/T2 P1V1=P2V2 P1V1ϒ=P2V2

ϒ

PV

diagram

TASK 2:

Ss´ own answers

TASK 3:

(a) W = P (V2-V1) = P (2V1-V1) = PV1 = 151500 Pa*4 m3 = 606000 J (b) W = P (0.25V1 - V1) = -0.75PV1 = -454500 J

Dictionary


Adiabatic process ˌeɪdʌɪəˈbatɪk ˈprəʊses adiabatický děj

Chart tʃɑːt tabulka

Initial ɪˈnɪʃəl počáteční, výchozí

Isobaric process ˌʌɪsə(ʊ)ˈbarɪk ˈprəʊses izobarický děj

Isochoric process ˌʌɪsə(ʊ)ˈkɒrɪk ˈprəʊses izochorický děj

Isothermal process ˌʌɪsə(ʊ)ˈθɜːm(ə)l ˈprəʊses izotermický děj

Twice twaɪs dvakrát, dvojnásobný



Téma: Adiabatic Process


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Fáze čtyřdobého motoru

jazykový – Verb Patterns

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 48 SUBJECT: 1. Adiabatic Process Physics

48. Adiabatic Process

One of the most common example of adiabatic process is the four –

stroke engine.

Obrázek 22/ Four-stoke Cycle 65

TASK

Read the text and choose the correct form of the verbs in brackets:

A. The inlet valve opens. The piston moves downwards. It makes

the pressure inside the cylinder (to fall/falling/fall). This allows a

mixture of petrol and air (entering/enter/to enter) the cylinder.

B. The inlet valve closes. This stops the fuel mixture (escape/to

escape/ escaping).The piston moves upwards. This makes the

pressure in the cylinder (rising/rise/to rise).

C. The spark plug lights the fuel and causes it

(explode/exploding/to explode).

D. The outlet valve opens. The piston moves upwards. This lets the

burnt fuel (escape/to escape/escaping). 66

65

Category:Four-stroke cycle. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2006 [cit. 2015-05-24]. Dostupné z:

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Four-stroke_cycle?uselang=cs

TASK 2:

Look at the picture above and name each phase of the cycle.

66

Technical English 1 workbook. England: Pearson Longman, 2008. ISBN 978-1-4058-4548-9.

SOLUTION:

TASK 1:

A. fall, to enter; B. escaping, rise; C. to explode; D. escape

TASK 2:

Induction, compression, ignition, exhaust.

Dictionary


Allow əˈlaʊ umožnit

Bracket ˈbrækɪt kulatá závorka

Burn (pt&pp burnt/burned)

bɜːn hořet

Compression kəmˈpreʃən stlačení, stlačování

Cylinder ˈsɪlɪndə válec

Enter ˈentə vstoupit

Exhaust ɪgˈzɔːst výfuk (děj)

Four-stroke engine ˈfɔːˌstrəʊk ˈendʒɪn čtyřtaktní motor

Fuel fjʊəl palivo

Ignition ɪgˈnɪʃən zapálení

Induction ɪnˈdʌkʃən sání

Inlet valve ˈɪnˌlet ˈvælv vstupní ventil

Light (pt&pp lighted/lit) laɪt zapálit, zažehnout

Outlet valve ˈaʊtlet ˈvælv výstupní ventil

Petrol (AmE gas) ˈpetrəl benzín

Rise (pt rose, pp risen) raɪz stoupat

Spark plug ˈspɑːk ˈplʌg zapalovací svíčka



Téma: Real Gas


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Pochopení rozdílu mezi ideálním a reálným plynem

jazykový – Present simple questions

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 49 SUBJECT: 1. Real Gas Physics

49. Real Gas

TASK 1:

Work with a partner: Ask question to each other to activate prior

knowledge about ideal gases.

TASK 2:

The ideal gas concept obeys the ideal gas law, assuming that there

are no intermolecular forces between the gas molecules and the

volume occupied by the molecules themselves is entirely negligible

relative to the volume of the container. Is it also true for real gas?

TASK 3:

What is the difference between the ideal gas equation and the Van

der Waals one?

TASK 4:

Carbon dioxide gas (1.00 mole) at 373 K occupies 536 mL at 50.0 atmosphere pressure. What is the value of the pressure, using (i) Ideal gas equation (ii) Van der Waals equation?67 [Data - Van der Waals constants for carbon dioxide: a = 3.61 L2 atm mol-2; b = 0.0428 L mol-1]

67

Real Gas Problems. Scilearn.sydney.edu.au [online]. 2014 [cit. 2015-05-24]. Dostupné z:

https://scilearn.sydney.edu.au/fychemistry/bridging_course/Questions/GasLaws%28advanced%29

SOLUTION:

TASK 4:

i. Using the Ideal Gas Equation V = 0.536 L n = 1.00 mol T = 373 K PV = nRT P = nRT/V = 1.00 x 0.0821 x 373/0.536 = 57.1 atm ii. Using Van der Waals equation.

(P + an2/V2)(V - nb) = nRT. (P + 3.61 x (1.00/0.536)2)(0.536 - 1.00 x 0.0428) = 1.00 x 0.0821 x 373) (P + 12.57)(0.493) = 30.62 P + 12.57 = 62.12 P = 49.6 atm

Dictionary


Carbon dioxide ˈkɑːbən daɪˈɒksaɪd oxid uhličitý

Molecule ˈmɒlɪˌkjuːl molekula

Negligible ˈneglɪdʒəbəl zanedbatelný

Occupy ˈɒkjʊˌpaɪ zabírat, zaujímat

Prior ˈpraɪə předchozí, dřívější

Real gas ˈrɪəl ˈgæs reálný plyn

Value ˈvæljuː hodnota

Van der Waals equation ˌvan də ˈwɑːlz/ ˈvɑːlz ɪˈkweɪʒən

Van der Waalsova rovnice



Téma: Solid Body Structure


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Aktivizace poznatků o struktuře pevných látek

jazykový – Reading: gapped text

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 50 SUBJECT: 1. Solid Body Structure Physics

50. Solid Body Structure

Solid materials are formed from densely packed atoms, which

interact intensely. 1___________ different properties of solids.

Depending on the material involved and the conditions in which it

was formed, the 2_______________ geometric pattern (crystalline

solids, which include metals and ordinary water ice) or irregularly (an

amorphous solid such as common window glass).

The forces between the atoms in a crystal can take a variety of forms.

In a crystal of sodium chloride (common salt), the 3_______________

and held together with ionic bonds. In others, the atoms share

electrons and 4______________.

Finally, the noble gases do not undergo any of these types of

bonding. In solid form, 5________________with van der Waals forces

resulting from the polarisation of the electronic charge cloud on each

atom.

The differences between the types of solid result from

6_____________.68

68 Structure of Solid. Minerva.mlib.cnr.it [online]. 2013 [cit. 2015-05-25]. Dostupné z:

http://minerva.mlib.cnr.it/mod/book/view.php?id=269&chapterid=73

TASK 1:

Read the text about the Solid Body Structure. Parts of sentences are

missing. Match phrases a – g to gaps 1 – 6. There is one extra phrase.

a) they are held together

b) form covalent bonds

c) properties of solid materials result

d) atoms may be arranged in a regular

e) these interactions produce

f) differences between their bonding

g) crystal is made up of ionic sodium and chlorine

TASK 2:

Look at the words in blue. Decide if each word is a) a noun, b) an

adverb or c) a verb.

SOLUTION:

TASK 1:

1e, 2d, 3g, 4b, 5a, 6f c is extra

TASK 2:

nouns: pattern, forces

verbs: include, share, result

adverb: densely

Dictionary


Adverb ˈædˌvɜːb příslovce

Amorphous əˈmɔːfəs amorfní, beztvarý

Arranged əˈreɪndʒd uspořádaný

Atom ˈætəm atom

Charge tʃɑːdʒ náboj (elektrický)

Chlorine ˈklɔːriːn chlór

Covalent bond kəʊˈveɪl(ə)nt ˈbɒnd kovalentní vazba

Crystalline ˈkrɪstəˌlaɪn krystalický

Decide dɪˈsaɪd rozhodnout

Densely ˈdenslɪ hustě

Intensely ɪnˈtenslɪ silně, intenzivně

Involved ɪnˈvɒlvd zúčastněný

Ionic bond ʌɪˈɒnɪk ˈbɒnd iotová vazba

(ir)regular (ɪ)ˈregjʊlə (ne)pravidelný

Metal ˈmetəl kov

Noble gases ˈnəʊbəl ˈgæsɪz vzácné plyny

Noun naʊn podstatné jméno

Ordinary ˈɔːdənrɪ běžný, obyčejný

Pattern ˈpætən vzor, systém

Share ʃeə sdílet, mít společné

Sodium ˈsəʊdɪəm sodík

Sodium chloride ˈsəʊdɪəm ˈklɔːraɪd chlorid sodný

Solid body structure ˈsɒlɪd ˈbɒdɪ ˈstrʌktʃə struktura pevných látek

Van der Waals forces ˌvan də ˈwɑːlz/ˈvɑːlz ˈfɔːsɪz van der Waalsovy síly

Variety vəˈraɪɪtɪ rozmanitost, široká paleta

Verb vɜːb sloveso



Téma: Crystalline and Amorphous Solids


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Shrnutí učiva o stavbě pevných látek

jazykový – Verb forms (to have)

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 51 SUBJECT: 1. Crystalline and Amorphous

Solids Physics

51. Crystalline and Amorphous Solids

TASK 1:

How much do you remember about the different types of solids?

Complete the missing information.

Differences between crystalline and amorphous solids: 69

CRYSTALLINE AMORPHOUS

geometry melting point cutting example

TASK 2:

Amorphous solids have some special properties. Can you guess what

the following words mean?

transparency, purity, solidity, formability, ease of processing,

semiconducting properties

TASK 3:

Give an example of a certain material of each property above.

69 Crystalline and Amorphous Solids. ScienceHQ.com [online]. 2013 [cit. 2015-05-25]. Dostupné z:

http://www.sciencehq.com/chemistry/crystalline-and-amorphous-solids.html

SOLUTION:

TASK 1:

Crystalline solid: the particles are definitely and orderly arranged, it

has a sharp melting point, gives clean cleavage, example: Copper

Sulphate (CuSO4), NiSO4, Diamond, Graphite, NaCl, Sugar.

Amorphous solid: does not have characteristic geometry, does not

have a sharp melting point, gives irregular cut, example: Coal, Glass,

Plastic, rubber.

TASK 2:

Ss´ own answers

Dictionary


Amorphous əˈmɔːfəs beztvarý, amorfní

Cleavage ˈkliːvɪdʒ řez, štěpnost

Coal kəʊl uhlí

Copper sulphate (CuSO4) ˈkɒpə ˈsʌlfeɪt síran měďnatý

Crystalline ˈkrɪstəˌlaɪn krystalický

Ease iːz snadnost

Formability ˌfɔːməˈbɪlɪtɪ tvárnost, tvárlivost

Geometry dʒɪˈɒmɪtrɪ geometrie

Graphite ˈgræfaɪt tuha, grafit

Melting point ˈmeltɪŋ ˈpɔɪnt bod tání

Processing ˈprəʊsesɪŋ zpracování

Purity ˈpjʊərɪtɪ ryzost, čirost, čistota

Semiconducting ˌsemɪkənˈdʌktɪŋ polovodivý

Sharp ʃɑːp ostrý

Solid ˈsɒlɪd pevná látka

Solidity səˈlɪdɪtɪ pevnost

Transparency trænsˈpærənsɪ průhlednost



Téma: Crystal Lattice


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Struktura krystalické mřížky a její defekty

jazykový – Dimensions (forming nouns from adjectives)

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 52 SUBJECT: 1. Crystal Lattice Physics

52. Crystal Lattice

TASK 1:

Let´s start with a short review of dimensions: complete the table.

Adjective high long wide

Noun depth

TASK 2:

The crystal structure of a material can be described in terms of its

unit cell - a small box containing one or more atoms arranged in 3-

dimensions. What parameters do we use to describe a unit cell?

TASK 3:

A perfect crystal, with every atom of the same type in the correct

position, does not exist. All crystals have some defects. 70

What are the basic classes of crystal defects? Here you can find the

answer:

https://www.nde-

ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Materials/Structure/crystal_de

fects.htm

70 Lattice and Crystal. Tf.uni-kiel.de [online]. 2012 [cit. 2015-05-25]. Dostupné z: http://www.tf.uni-

kiel.de/matwis/amat/def_en/kap_1/basics/b1_3_1.html

https://www.nde-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Materials/Structure/crystal_defects.htm



SOLUTION:

TASK 1:

high – height, wide – width, deep – depth, long – length

TASK 2:

the lengths of the cell edges (a, b and c) and the angles between

them (alpha, beta and gamma)

TASK 3:

crystal defects – point, linear, planar

Dictionary


Adjective ˈædʒɪktɪv přídavné jméno

Crystal ˈkrɪstəl krystal

Crystal lattice defect ˈkrɪstəl ˈlætɪs dɪˈfekt porucha krystalické mřížky

Defect dɪˈfekt vada, kaz, porucha

Depth depθ hloubka

Dimension dɪˈmenʃən rozměr, dimenze

Height haɪt výška

Length leŋθ délka

Linear defects ˈlɪnɪə dɪˈfekts čarové poruchy (dislokace)

Planar defects ˈpleɪnə dɪˈfekts plošné poruchy

Point defects ˈpɔɪnt dɪˈfekts bodové poruchy

Three-dimensional ˈθriː dɪˈmenʃən(ə)l třírozměrný

Unit cell ˈjuːnɪt ˈsel základní (elementární) buňka

Width wɪdθ šířka



Téma: Solid Body Deformation


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Praktické využití poznatků o deformaci těles

jazykový – Present continuous forms

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 53 SUBJECT: 1. Solid Body Deformation Physics

53. Solid body Deformation

Deformation refers to any changes in the shape or size of an object

due to an applied force or a change in temperature. Depending on

the type of material, size and geometry of the object, and the forces

applied, various types of deformation may result. The deformation is

reversible, or elastic, if the object returns to its original shape, once

the forces are no longer applied. When the stress is sufficient to

permanently deform the object, it is called irreversible or plastic

deformation.71

The knowledge of deformation effects play an important role in our

everyday life. For example it is essential for materials testing.

TASK 1:

Read an extract from the text describing a car crash test. Fill in text

the correct forms of present continuous.

“The car 1__________(run) into the concrete block at 40 kph. The

body of the dummy 2__________(stretch) the nylon seatbelt. The

dummy 3___________(touch) the airbag. Look carefully. 4_______the

dummy´s face________(strike) the front window? No, it isn´t.”72

71

Deformation (engineering). Wikimedia the Free Encyclopedia [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-05-25].

Dostupné z: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformation_%28engineering%29 72

Technical English 1 workbook. England: Pearson Longman, 2008. ISBN 978-1-4058-4548-9.

Dictionary


Apply to əˈplaɪ ˈtuː použít, uplatnit na

Deformation ˌdiːfɔːˈmeɪʃən deformace

Dummy ˈdʌmɪ figurína

Elastic deformation ɪˈlæstɪk ˌdiːfɔːˈmeɪʃən pružná (elastická) deformace

Extract ˈekstrækt výňatek

Original əˈrɪdʒɪnəl původní

Permanently ˈpɜːmənəntlɪ trvale, natrvalo

Plastic deformation ˈplæstɪk ˌdiːfɔːˈmeɪʃən plastická deformace

Result rɪˈzʌlt být následkem, vyplývat

Return rɪˈtɜːn vrátit se

Seatbelt ˈsiːtˌbelt bezpečnostní pás

Stress stres tlak

Stretch stretʃ natahovat, natáhnout

Strike (pt&pp struck) straɪk narazit

Sufficient səˈfɪʃənt dostatečný, dostačující



Téma: Hooke´s Law


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Slovní a matematické vyjádření Hookova zákona

jazykový – Conditional structures with when, if

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 54 SUBJECT: 1. Hooke´s Law Physics

54. Hooke´s Law

TASK 1:

What is the difference between reversible and irreversible

deformation?

Do you know what the elastic limit can be?

TASK 2:

When an elastic object - such as a spring - is stretched, the increased

length is called its extension. The extension of an elastic object is

directly proportional to the force applied to it. It is Hook´s law.

Give the formula. 1.

How can the basic formula be rearranged if we use spring 2.

constant = applied force/extension

Does the value of k change if you change the shape of the 3.

spring or the material that the spring is made of?

What will happen with the object if the elastic limit is 4.

exceeded?73

TASK 3:

Do you know what common device take advantage of Hooke ´s law?

73

Hooke´s Law. S-cool the revision website [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-05-26]. Dostupné z: http://www.s-

cool.co.uk/a-level/physics/deformation-of-solids/revise-it/hookes-law

SOLUTION:

TASK 2:

The Hooke´s law formula F = ke can be rearranged using spring 1.

constant k = F/e

Yes, it does 2.

It will be permanently deformed. 3.

TASK 3:

For example the balance wheel in a clock

Dictionary


Balance wheel ˈbæləns ˈwiːl setrvačník (u hodin apod.)

Elastic ɪˈlæstɪk pružný

Elastic limit ɪˈlæstɪk ˈlɪmɪt mez pružnosti

Exceed ɪkˈsiːd překročit

Extension ɪkˈstenʃən prodloužení

Hooke’s law ˈhʊks ˈlɔː Hookův zákon

Proportional prəˈpɔːʃənəl proporční, úměrný

Spring sprɪŋ pružina



Téma: Thermal Expansion


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Teplotní roztažnost a její důsledky

jazykový – Subject questions

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 55 SUBJECT: 1. Thermal Expansion Physics

55. Thermal Expansion

TASK 1:

How much do you remember about the heat transfer?

TASK 2:

What causes thermal expansion? 1.

What is the material's coefficient of thermal expansion called? 2.

What is usually held constant during the expansion? 3.

TASK 2:

What do you think the expansion joint is and what it is used for?

Obrázek 23/ Expansion Joint 74

The expansion and contraction of materials must be considered when designing large structures,

when using tape or chain to measure distances for land surveys, when designing moulds for casting

hot material, and in other engineering applications when large changes in dimension due to

temperature are expected.

74

File:NYCSub ExpJoint.jpg. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2005 [cit. 2015-05-27]. Dostupné z:

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NYCSub_ExpJoint.jpg?uselang=cs

SOLUTION:

TASK 2:

Thermal expansion is caused by the change of the temperature. 1.

The coefficient of thermal expansion describes how the size of 2.

an object changes with a change in temperature.

Pressure (solid materials) 3.

TASK 3:

Expansion joints absorb the thermal expansion or vibration, to hold

parts together, or to allow movement due to ground settlement or

earthquakes.

Dictionary


Cast (pt&pp cast) kɑːst odlévat

Chain tʃeɪn řetěz

Coefficient ˌkəʊɪˈfɪʃənt koeficient

Contraction kənˈtrækʃən smrštění, stažení

Design dɪˈzaɪn plánovat, zamýšlet

Earthquake ˈɜːθˌkweɪk zemětřesení

Expansion joint ɪkˈspænʃən ˈdʒɔɪnt dilatační spára

Expect ɪkˈspekt očekávat

Ground settlement ˈgraʊnd ˈsetəlmənt sedání půdy

Land survey ˈlænd ˈsɜːveɪ zeměměřičský průzkum

Mould məʊld forma (na odlévání)

Size saɪz rozměr

Tape teɪp pásmo (měřící)

Thermal Expansion ˈθɜːməl ɪkˈspænʃən teplotní roztažnost

Usually ˈjuːʒʊəlɪ obvykle



Téma: Liquid Structure


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Obecné vlastnosti kapalin

jazykový – Linking words

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 56 SUBJECT: 1. Liquid Structure Physics

56. Liquid Structure

The liquid state of matter is an intermediate phase between solid and

gas.

TASK 1:

Read the text and fill in the correct linking word: because, but, so,

although, that

1)……… liquid has an arrangement of particles similar to solids, the

particles are free to move. Liquid particles have more space between

them, 2)……. they are not fixed in position. Liquids flow and fill a

container, taking on the shape of the container 3)………. not changing

in volume. The limited amount of space between particles means

4)………… liquids have only very limited compressibility. A liquid cannot

be compressed 5)………. the particles are close together.75

TASK 2:

Explain following terms:

cohesion and adhesion, viscosity, evaporation

75 Properties of Matter: Liquids. Livescience [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-05-27]. Dostupné z:

http://www.livescience.com/46972-liquids.html

SOLUTION:

TASK 1:

1) although, 2) so, 3) but, 4) that, 5) because

TASK 2:

cohesion - the tendency for the same kind of particles to be

attracted to one another

adhesion - forces of attraction exist between different types of

particles

viscosity - a measure of how much a liquid resists flowing freely

(compare oil and honey)

evaporation - when surface particles gain enough kinetic

energy to escape the system

Dictionary


Adhesion ədˈhiːʒən adheze, přilnavost

Although ɔːlˈðəʊ ačkoli

Arrangement əˈreɪndʒmənt uspořádání

Because bɪˈkɒz protože

Close kləʊz blízko

Cohesion kəʊˈhiːʒən soudržnost, koheze

Compare kəmˈpeə srovnat, porovnat

Compressibility kəmˌpresəˈbɪlɪtɪ stlačitelnost

Enough ɪˈnʌf dostatek

Evaporation ɪˌvæpəˈreɪʃən vypařování, odpařování

Gain geɪn získat, nabýt

Intermediate ˌɪntəˈmiːdɪət (pro)střední

Limited ˈlɪmɪtɪd omezený

Linking words lɪŋkɪŋ wɜːdz spojovací výrazy

Liquid structure ˈlɪkwɪd ˈstrʌktʃə struktura kapalin

Phase feɪz fáze, stádium

Space speɪs prostor



Téma: Surface Tension


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Specifické vlastnosti kapalin

jazykový – Strengthen specific vocabulary

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 57 SUBJECT: 1. Surface Tension Physics

57. Surface Tension

Surface tension describes the attraction between the surface water

molecules which causes the surface of a liquid to act like a thin skin is

stretched across it.

Obrázek 24/ Water Strider76

TASK 1:

What is cohesion and how does it relate to surface tension?

TASK 2:

Why do small amounts of water on a freshly waxed car form raised

droplets instead of a thin, continuous film?

TASK 3:

What is the correlation between the surface tension of a liquid and

the strength of the intermolecular forces?

76 File:Water Strider in a Pond.jpg. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2010 [cit. 2015-05-28]. Dostupné z:

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Water_strider_in_a_pond.jpg?uselang=cs

Dictionary


Correlation ˌkɒrɪˈleɪʃən vzájemná souvislost

Droplet ˈdrɒplɪt kapička, krůpěj

Film fɪlm povlak, tenká vrstva

Form fɔːm vytvořit

Freshly ˈfreʃlɪ čerstvě

Instead of sth. ɪnˈsted ˈɒv ˈsʌmθɪŋ místo něčeho

Relate rɪˈleɪt mít souvislost, souviset

Skin skɪn pokožka, kůže

Strength streŋθ síla

Surface tension ˈsɜːfɪs ˈtenʃən povrchové napětí

Thin θɪn tenký

Waxed wækst navoskovaný



Téma: Elevation, Depression


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Kapilární elevace a deprese

jazykový – Making predictions

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 58 SUBJECT: 1. Elevation, Depression Physics

58. Elevation, Depression

TASK 1:

Capillary Action - elevation and depression - is the tendency of liquids

to rise or to be depressed in tubes of small diameter due to the

adhesion and cohesion forces. When a glass capillary is put into a

dish of water, water is drawn up into the tube.

What does the height to which the water rises depend on?

TASK 2:

Look at the diagram below. Why is the shape of the meniscus

different in water and in mercury?

Obrázek 25/ Capillary Action 77

TASK 3:

Predict what will happen when a glass capillary is put into a beaker of

SAE 20 motor oil.

77

File:Capillarity.svg. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2006 [cit. 2015-05-28]. Dostupné z:

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Capillary_action

Will the oil be pulled up into the tube by capillary action or

pushed down below the surface of the liquid in the beaker?

What will be the shape of the meniscus (convex or concave)?78

TASK 4:

Can you give some examples of capillary actions in our everyday life?

78 Unique Properties of Liquids. Saylor.dot.com [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-05-28]. Dostupné z:

https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_general-chemistry-principles-patterns-and-applications-v1.0/s15-03-unique-properties-of-liquids.html

SOLUTION:

TASK 1:

The height to which the water rises depends on the diameter of the

tube and the temperature of the water.

TASK 2:

Because of different strength of adhesive and cohesive forces. In

liquids such as water, the meniscus is concave; in liquids such as

mercury, however, which have very strong cohesive forces and weak

adhesion to glass, the meniscus is convex.

TASK 3, 4:

Ss´ own predictions, answers

Dictionary


Adhesion ədˈhiːʒən přilnavost

Be depressed ˈbiː dɪˈprest být snížený, stlačený

Beaker ˈbiːkə kádinka

Capillarity (capillary action) ˌkapɪˈlarɪti (kəˈpɪləri ˈækʃən) vzlínání

Capillary kəˈpɪlərɪ kapilára

Concave ˈkɒnkeɪv or kɒnˈkeɪv (vy)dutý, konkávní

Convex ˈkɒnveks or kɒnˈveks vypuklý, konvexní

Depression dɪˈpreʃən deprese, snížení

Diameter daɪˈæmɪtə průměr

Dish dɪʃ miska, nádoba

Elevation ˌelɪˈveɪʃən elevace, zvýšení

Meniscus məˈnɪskəs meniscus (zakřivený povrch kapaliny u vzlínání)

Rise (pt rose, pp risen) raɪz stoupat

Tube tjuːb trubička



Téma: Thermal Expansion of Liquids


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Důsledky teplotní roztažnosti kapalin

jazykový – relating the content to the students´ experience

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 59 SUBJECT: 1. Thermal Expansion of Liquids Physics

59. Thermal Expansion of Liquids

TASK 1:

How much do you remember? Explain the following terms:

thermal expansion, thermal expansion coefficient, linear and

volume expansion

TASK 2:

What is greater: expansion of liquids or solids? 1.

Is the thermal expansion of liquids linear or volume? 2.

Why does the glass crack if you pour boiled water into it? How 3.

can you prevent it?

What are the pipeline expansion loops used for? 4.

Obrázek 26/ Pipeline Expansion Loop 79

79 File:Pipeline Expansion Loops. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2007 [cit. 2015-05-30]. Dostupné z:

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pipeline_Expansion_Loops_-_geograph.org.uk_-_633252.jpg

SOLUTION:

TASK 1:

Thermal expansion is the tendency of matter to change in volume in

response to a change in temperature, through heat transfer.

The coefficient of thermal expansion describes how the size of an

object changes with a change in temperature.

TASK 2:

Expansion of liquids is greater 1.

Volume 2.

Due to thermal expansion and different temperatures of the 3.

glass and water.

To avoid explosion of pipes, to control pressure. 4.

Dictionary


Avoid əˈvɔɪd vyhnout se

Boiled water ˈbɔɪld ˈwɔːtə vařící voda

Crack kræk prasknout, popraskat

Expansion loop ɪkˈspænʃən ˈluːp dilatační smyčka

Explosion ɪkˈspləʊʒən výbuch, exploze

Linear expansion ˈlɪnɪə ɪkˈspænʃən délková (teplotní) roztažnost

Pipeline ˈpaɪpˌlaɪn potrubí (dálkové)

Pour pɔː lít, nalít

Prevent prɪˈvent zabránit, předejít

Thermal expansion of liquids ˈθɜːməl ɪkˈspænʃən ˈɒv ˈlɪkwɪdz

teplotní roztažnost kapalin

Volume expansion ˈvɒljuːm ɪkˈspænʃən objemová (teplotní) roztažnost



Téma: The Solar System


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Sluneční soustava, planety

jazykový – Pronunciation of specific terms

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 60 SUBJECT: 1. The Solar System Physics

60. The Solar System

TASK 1:

How much do you know about our Solar System? Explain the

following terms, give the Czech words for them as well.

Astronomical unit, inner/outer planets, dwarf planets, stars,

comets, natural satellites, gravitational force, revolution, rotation,

orbit.

TASK 2:

To check your answers and find out more about our Solar System visit

https://quizlet.com/21248577/solar-system-flash-cards/ 80

TASK 3:

Label the planets of our Solar System.

Obrázek 27/ Solar System 81

80

Solar System flashcards. Quizlet [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-05-24]. Dostupné z:

https://quizlet.com/21248577/solar-system-flash-cards/ 81

Vlastní tvorba

https://quizlet.com/21248577/solar-system-flash-cards/

SOLUTION:

TASK 1, 2:

See the website, Ss´ can check pronunciation of new words

TASK 3:

Note! Pluto is not considered to be a planet

Dictionary


Asteroid ˈæstəˌrɔɪd planetka

Astronomical unit ˌæstrəˈnɒmɪkəl ˈjuːnɪt astronomická jednotka

Comet ˈkɒmɪt kometa

Dwarf planet ˈdwɔːf ˈplænɪt trpasličí planeta, trpaslík

Earth ɜːθ Země

Geocentric ˌdʒiːəʊˈsentrɪk geocentrický, zeměstředný

Heliocentric ˌhiːlɪə(ʊ)ˈsentrɪk heliocentrický

Inertia ɪnˈɜːʃə setrvačnost

Inner ˈɪnə vnitřní

Jupiter ˈdʒuːpɪtə Jupiter

Mars mɑːz Mars

Mercury ˈmɜːkjʊrɪ Merkur

Meteor ˈmiːtɪə meteor

Neptune ˈneptjuːn Neptun

Orbit ˈɔːbɪt oběžná dráha, orbit

Outer ˈaʊtə vnější

Planet ˈplænɪt planeta

Pluto ˈpluːtəʊ Pluto

Retrograde ˈretrəʊˌgreɪd zpětný, retrográdní

Revolution ˌrevəˈluːʃən otáčka

Satellite ˈsætəˌlaɪt družice (planet), měsíc

Saturn ˈsætɜːn Saturn

Sun sʌn Slunce

Uranus jʊˈreɪnəs Uran

Venus ˈviːnəs Venuše



Téma: The Sun


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Slunce – základní statistické údaje

jazykový – Looking information up in a data source

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 61 SUBJECT: 1. The Sun Physics

61. The Sun

The Sun is our nearest star, it is the centre of our solar system and it

provides everything with energy. As a result of the sun being so close,

scientists have been able to gather lots of information about it.

TASK 1:

The Sun has the following statistics: (fill in the missing numbers)

Distance from Earth Radius Mass Luminosity Temperature Age Composition 82

TASK 2:

Label the diagram:

Obrázek 28/ Solar Internal Structure 83

82

SF Sun Facts - Space Facts [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-05-24]. Dostupné z: http://space-facts.com/the-

sun/ 83

File:Coupe solei.png. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2003 [cit. 2015-05-24]. Dostupné z:

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coupe_soleil.png?uselang=cs

SOLUTION:

TASK 1:

Distance from Earth - 150x106 km or 1AU Radius - 6.95x105 km Mass - 1.99x1030 kg Luminosity - 3.8x1026 Watts Temperature - 5770K or 3043°C Age - 4.5x109 years Composition - 74% Hydrogen, 24% Helium, 2% Other

TASK 2:

From the bottom to the top: thermonuclear core, photosphere,

chromosphere, corona, protuberance

Dictionary


Chromosphere ˈkrəʊməsfɪə chromosféra

Composition ˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃən skladba, složení

Corona kəˈrəʊnə koróna

Gather ˈgæðə shromáždit

Helium ˈhiːlɪəm helium

Hydrogen ˈhaɪdrɪdʒən vodík

Luminosity ˌluːmɪˈnɒsɪtɪ zářivý výkon, svítivost

Mass mæs hmotnost

Near nɪə blízký

Photosphere ˈfəʊtəsfɪə fotosféra

Protuberance prəˈtjuːbərəns protuberance

Provide prəˈvaɪd poskytovat, dodat

Scientist ˈsaɪəntɪst vědec

Thermonuclear core ˌθɜːməʊˈnjuːklɪə ˈkɔː jádro



Téma: Stars


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Hvězdy a jejich podstata

jazykový – Reading for specific information, comprehensive check

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 62 SUBJECT: 1. Stars Physics

62. Stars

TASK 1:

How much do you know about stars? Try to answer the questions.

What are constellations? 1.

Why do stars shine so brightly? 2.

Which star is closest to the Earth? 3.

What are stars made up of? 4.

TASK 2:

Read the text and match the question (1-4) above to the paragraphs

(a-d). Were your answers in T1 correct?

a) Over millions of years, hot clouds of gas called nebulae grow

until they explode and form huge balls of fire. This is how stars

are born. Our own sun is a star as well.

b) Stars are sources of light. This is why they shine so brightly. The

moon, planets and comets also shine, however they don´t give

their own light, they just can reflect it.

c) Stars are very far away. The sun is the nearest star to Earth, but

it is still about 150 million km away! It is a part of the Milky Way

galaxy. There are more than 100 billion stars there.

d) Stars join together in a big groups which are called

constellations. If you draw lines between them they sometime

look like objects, animals or people. For example Orion looks

like a giant hunter with a sword.

TASK 2:

Replace the words in bold with words from the text.

They are hot clouds of gas 1.

They don´t give out their own light. 2.

It is the nearest star to Earth. 3.

There are billions of stars there. 4.

They are groups of stars 5.

It looks like a hunter.84 6.

84

Upstream Elementary A2. England: Express Publishing, 2006. ISBN 978-1-84466-572-3.

SOLUTION:

TASK 1:

1d, 2b, 3c, 4a

TASK 2:

1 nebulae, 2 the moon, planets and comets, 3 our sun, 4 Milky way, 5

constellations, 6 Orion

Dictionary


Billion ˈbɪljən miliarda

Bold bəʊld tučný (písmo)

Brightly ˈbraɪtlɪ jasně

Cloud klaʊd oblak, mračno

Constellation ˌkɒnstɪˈleɪʃən souhvězdí

Giant ˈdʒaɪənt obrovský, obří

Huge hjuːdʒ obrovský

Hunter ˈhʌntə lovec

Milky Way ˈmɪlkɪ ˈweɪ Mléčná dráha

Moon muːn měsíc

Nebula (pl. nebulas/ nebulae)

ˈnebjʊlə mlhovina

Reflect rɪˈflekt odrážet

Replace rɪˈpleɪs nahradit

Shine (pt&pp shone/shined)

ʃaɪn zářit, svítit

Source sɔːs zdroj

Sword sɔːd meč



Téma: Galaxy


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Shrnutí tematického celku, systemizace poznatků

jazykový – Making a mind map

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 63 SUBJECT: 1. Galaxy Physics

63. Galaxy

TASK 1:

In a group brainstorm as many terms connected with the solar

system, universe or galaxies as you know to create a word bank.

TASK 2:

Using your word bank make a mind map to organize your thoughts.

Work in groups. Here you can find some useful information:

http://timemanagementninja.com/2011/05/how-to-make-a-mind-

map-for-maximum-productivity/ 85

The central idea should be Galaxy

Obrázek 29/ Types of Galaxies 86

85

How to Make a Mind Map. Time Management Ninja [online]. 2015 [cit. 2015-05-24]. Dostupné z:

http://timemanagementninja.com/2011/05/how-to-make-a-mind-map-for-maximum-productivity/ 86

Category:Galaxies. Wikimedia Commons [online]. 2014 [cit. 2015-05-24]. Dostupné z:

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Galaxies

http://timemanagementninja.com/2011/05/how-to-make-a-mind-map-for-maximum-productivity/

http://timemanagementninja.com/2011/05/how-to-make-a-mind-map-for-maximum-productivity/

Dictionary


Brainstorm ˈbreɪnˌstɔːm provádět brainstorming (tj. říkat myšlenky bez jejich hodnocení)

Connected with kəˈnektɪd ˈwɪθ spojený s

Create kriːˈeɪt vytvořit

Galaxy ˈgæləksɪ galaxie, hvězdná soustava

Organise (AmE organize) ˈɔːgəˌnaɪz uspořádat, utřídit

Thought θɔːt myšlenka

Universe ˈjuːnɪˌvɜːs vesmír

Useful ˈjuːsfʊl užitečný



Téma: Review


Předmět: Fyzika




Cíle aktivity:


obsahový – Závěrečné opakování učiva

jazykový – Enhancing participation in a debate

YEAR: WORKSHEET NO. 64 SUBJECT: 1. Review Physics

64. Review

TASK:

Check what you have already learned doing this quiz. Work with your

partner:

Rain is falling vertically downwards. To a man running east-wards, the rain will appear to be coming from

A. east B. west

C. northeast D. southeast

One nano meter is equal to

A. 10-6m B. 10-8m

C. 10-9m D. 10-5m

Moment of inertia is

A. vector B. scalar

C. phasor D. tensor

It takes much longer to cook food in the hills than in the plains, because

A. in the hills the atmospheric pressure is lower than that in the plains

B.

due to low atmospheric pressure on the hills, the water boils at a temperature higher than 100oC

C.

in the hills the atmospheric density is low and therefore a lot of heat is lost to the atmosphere

D.

in the hills the humidity is high and therefore a lot of heat is absorbed by the atmosphere leaving very little heat for cooking

Sound travels with a different speed in media. In what order does the velocity of sound increase in these media?

A. Water, iron and air

B. Iron, air and water

C. Air, water and iron

D. Iron, water and air

RADAR is used for

A. locating submerged submarines

B. receiving a signals in a radio receiver

C. locating geostationary satellites

D. detecting and locating the position of objects such as aeroplanes

If two bodies of different masses, initially at rest, are acted upon by the same force for the same time, then the both bodies acquire the same

A. velocity B. momentum

C. acceleration D. kinetic energy

Pa(Pascal) is the unit for

A. thrust B. pressure

C. frequency D. conductivity

SOLUTION:

1A, 2C, 3D, 4A, 5C, 6D, 7B, 8B

Dictionary


Acquire əˈkwaɪə získat, nabýt

Appear əˈpɪə zdát se

Conductivity ˌkɒndʌkˈtɪvɪtɪ vodivost

Detect dɪˈtekt objevit, zaznamenat

Downwards ˈdaʊnwədz směrem dolů

Eastwards ˈiːstwədz na východ

Geostationary satellite dʒiːəʊˈsteɪʃənəri ˈsætəlaɪt stacionární družice

Humidity hjuːˈmɪdɪtɪ vlhkost

Iron ˈaɪən železo

Locate ləʊˈkeɪt najít, vypátrat, zaměřit


Order ˈɔːdə pořadí

Plain pleɪn planina, rovina

Radar ˈreɪdɑː radar, radiolokace

Receive rɪˈsiːv přijímat

Therefore ˈðeəˌfɔː proto

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CLIL : Fyzika - MSK 1. rocnik_Vyukovy material.pdf · Joule, J for energy/work/heat, watt, W for...

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