MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA
PRVNICK FAKULTA
Trestn prvo
Katedra trestnho prva
DOKAZOVN V TRESTNM ZEN
PRVN, KRIMINOLOGICK A KRIMINALISTICK ASPEKTY
Vra Kalvodov, Milana Hrukov a kolektiv
ACTA UNIVERSITATIS BRUNENSIS
________________________________
IURIDICAEditio Scientia vol. 539
SPISY PRVNICK FAKULTYMASARYKOVY UNIVERZITY_________________________________
ada teoretick, Edice Scientiasvazek . 539
Dokazovn v trestnm zen - prvn, kriminologick
a kriminalistick aspekty
Vra Kalvodov, Milana Hrukov a kolektiv
Masarykova univerzita Brno 2015
Vzorcitace:KALVODOV,Vra;HRUKOV,Milanaakol. Dokazovnvtrestnmzenprvn,kriminologickakriminalistickaspekty.1.vyd.Brno:Masarykovauniverzita,Prvnickfakulta,2015.503s.SpisyPrvnickfakultyMasarykovyuniverzity,adateoretick,EdiceScientia;sv..539.ISBN9788021080720.KatalogizacevknizeNrodnknihovnaRKalvodov,Vra
Dokazovnvtrestnmzenprvn,kriminologickakriminalistickaspekty/VraKalvodov,MilanaHrukovakolektiv.1.vydn.Brno:Masarykovauniverzita,2015.503stran.SpisyPrvnickfakultyMasarykovyuniverzity,adateoretick,EdiceScientia;svazek.539.ISBN9788021080720
343.13*347.94*trestnzendokazovn(prvo)kolektivnmonografie
343Trestnprvo[16]
Tato publikace vznikla na Masarykov univerzit v rmci projektu Publikace vdeckch monografi III slo MUNI/A/1390/2014 podpoenho z prostedk elov podpory na specifick vysokokolsk vzkum, kterou poskytlo MMT v roce 2015.
Recenzent: doc. JUDr. Tom Givna, Ph.D.
2015 Vra Kalvodov, Milana Hrukov a kolektiv 2015 Masarykova univerzita
ISBN 978-80-210-8072-0
5
Obsah
vod .................................................................................................................................................15
Seznam zkratek ............................................................................................................................16
ST I VCHODISKA A ZSADY DOKAZOVN
1 Paradoxy nkterch vybranch zkladnch zsad dokazovn v trestnm zen a jak s nimi naloit? .......................................................................20
1.1 vodem ..............................................................................................................................201.2 Systm zkladnch zsad trestnho prva procesnho
(trestnho zen) vbec a zkladnch zsad dokazovn zvlt, jako vraz konzistentnosti trestnho prva procesnho R ..............................20
1.3 vaha o vnitn rozpornosti systmu zkladnch zsad trestnho prva procesnho a zkladnch zsad dokazovn systmov paradoxy? ..............21
1.4 Zsada zjitn skutkovho stavu bez dvodnch pochybnost a zsada rychlho procesu jejich vzjemn paradoxn chovn ...................22
1.5 Zvrem..............................................................................................................................27
2 Vybran problmy souasnho modelu dokazovn v trestnm zen ...................................................................................................................28
2.1 vod ....................................................................................................................................282.2 Souasn model dokazovn ........................................................................................28
2.2.1 Smysl a podstata dokazovn ......................................................................................292.2.2 Vlivhistorickhovvojenasouasnmodeldokazovn ...........................................302.2.3 Shrnutcharakteristikysouasnhomodeludokazovn ...........................................31
2.3 Vybran praktick problmy - koncepn vymezen rol subjekt a stran trestnho zen ...................................................................................................32
2.3.1 Koncepnroleobhjce ...................................................................................................322.3.2 Koncepnvymezenrolsttnhozstupceasouduajejichodpovdnost
za vsledek dokazovn ................................................................................................342.3.3 Doukakekoncepnmzmnm .................................................................................38
2.4 Vybran praktick problmy - primt veejn aloby .........................................392.5 Vybran praktick problmy - schizofrenn role soud .................................442.6 Shrnut zvr a nstin monch een ..................................................................462.7 Zvr ....................................................................................................................................48
Dokazovn v trestnm zen - prvn, kriminologick a kriminalistick aspekty
6
3 Vchodiska a principy dokazovn v nvrhu novho trestnho du ......................................................................................................49
3.1 vod ....................................................................................................................................493.2 prava dokazovn v nvrhu novho trestnho du..........................................493.3 Pojet zkladnch zsad trestnho zen vztahujcch se k dokazovn ..........523.3.1 Vymezenzkladnchzsaddokazovnvnovmtrestnmdu ............................523.3.2 Zavedendkaznhobemenesttnhozstupcevzenpedsoudem .....................54
3.4 prava tzv. vyluovacch norem .................................................................................583.5 Zvr ....................................................................................................................................61
4 Pravda poda zsady zisovania skutkovho stavu bez dvodnch pochybnost .........................................................................................63
4.1 vod ....................................................................................................................................634.2 Zisovanie pravdy v trestnom konan v minulosti...............................................644.3 Hodnota pravdy v trestnom konan v obdob komunizmu ..............................674.4 Od zsady materilnej pravdy k zsade zisovania skutkovho stavu
bez dvodnch pochybnost ........................................................................................694.5 Vznam zsady zisovania skutkovho stavu
bez dvodnch pochybnost pre trestn konanie .................................................744.6 Zver ....................................................................................................................................77
5 Vybran aspekty zkladnch zsad trestnho zen v rmci zen ppravnho ............................................................................................................................79
5.1 vod ....................................................................................................................................795.2 Zsada presumpce neviny ............................................................................................805.3 Zsada zjitn skutkovho stavu bez dvodnch pochybnost ......................825.4 Zsada vyhledvac .........................................................................................................855.5 Zvr ....................................................................................................................................88
6 Vjimky ze zsady stnosti pi vslechu svdka u hlavnho len se zamenm na ustanoven 211 odst. 2 psm. a) Tr ................................90
6.1 vod ....................................................................................................................................906.2 Vymezen dokazovn vslechem svdka ................................................................906.3 Zsada stnosti ................................................................................................................936.4 Vjimky ze zsady stnosti ..........................................................................................956.5 Vjimky ze zsady stnosti dle 211 odst. 2 psm. a) Tr .............................1026.5.1 Nedostupnostsvdka ..................................................................................................1036.5.2 Nedosaitelnostpropobytvcizin ............................................................................1066.5.3 Zvanonemocnn ...................................................................................................108
6.6 Zvr ..................................................................................................................................109
7
Obsah
ST II DKAZN PROSTEDKY
A/ VSLECHY
7 Zkonn meze vslechu a donucovn k vpovdm v eskm procesnm trestnm prvu .............................................................................................112
7.1 vod ..................................................................................................................................1127.2 Platn zkonn prvn prava ...................................................................................1137.3 Dkazy zskan muenm a zsahy do tlesn integrity ...................................1177.4 nava a aplikace chemickch ltek ..........................................................................1207.5 Klamn, vyvolvn omylu a zastrn skutenho stavu ped
vyslchanm ....................................................................................................................1227.6 Sugestivn a kapciozn otzky ....................................................................................1247.7 Nkter dal sporn metody vslechu ..................................................................1277.8 Vznam souhlasu vyslchanch osob ...........................................
