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yyfa*un

:: GENERAL KNOWLEDGE ::

History of India and Indian national movement.

History of Chhattisgarh and Contribution of Chhattisgarh in national

movement.

Physical, Social and Economic geography of India. (With special refer

ence to Chhattisgarh)

Constitution ofIndia and Polity, Administrative structure ofChhattisgarh,

Local Government ofChhattisgarh and Panchayati Raj.

Economy, Commerce, Industry, Forest, Agriculture and Handloom Indus

try of India. (With special reference to Chhattisgarh)

Tribes, Special tradition, Teejand festival, Dance, archaeological and tourist

centres ofChhattisgarh.

Current affair and sports (With reference to India and Chhattisgarh)

Environment.

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ofco and dispersal. Social Area analysis Strategic choice approach and

techniqu ofinterconnected decision area Introduction to (i) Techniques of

simulation; Grain Lowry model (ii) Li programming (iii) Threshold anal

Preparation of urban and region, development plans-various app

comprehensive planning, System app to planning, Case studies identifying

of techniques. Aerial photography - Basic principles techniques of photo-

grammetry, phot interpretation and remote sensing. Collection of data by

photo-interpretation and remote sensing techniques, analysis interpretation of

this data and compilat of interpreted data for thematic maps... Specific applica

tions in urban and re planning, traffic and transportation planning, housing, 7.

urban design, landscape analysis.

TRANSPORTATION PLANNING-

Evaluation of urban structure. Trans systems, infrastructure andmanageme

transport systems and their types, operating characteristics, urban road

hierarchy, planning, engineering and management criteria for road and

junction improvements, arterial improvement techniques. Transport

survey and studies Study area definitions, survey and their types,

sampling methods, survey techniques, programming, processing of travel

data, analysis and interpretation of traffic studies.

Analytical techniques: Techniques for urban structure analysis, urban

travel characteristics, urban transport planning process, land use transport

interrelationship and models, scenario building and their analysis.

Mass transit systems: problems and prospects" tramways, trolley buses,

LRTS, RTS-operation characteristics, planning transit systems.

Management of transport systems: Existing organisational and legal frame

work, traffic and environmental management techniques. Review of existinq

traffic management schemes in Indian cities.

Regional transport systems: Importance ofaccessibility in regional transport

planning. Role of road, rail, air and water-transport systems. Regional

transport systems planning, road network planning for micro regions.

Transport and environment: Traffic noise, factor affecting noise statement

measures, standards, air pollution standards, traffic safety, accident report

ing and recording systems, factors' affecting road safety, transport

planning for target groups, children, adults, handicapped and women. Norms and

guidelines for highway land scape, street lighting types, standards and

design considerations.

Economic evaluation: Pricing and funding of transport service and

systems, economic appraisal of highway and transport projects. 8.

Techniques for estimating direct and indirect road user costs and benefits,

value oftime.

HOUSING

Definition of housing, housing as a basic need. Housing as an integral

component of comprehensive urban and regional development. Housing

form as shaped by physical, 'technological, socioeconomic, demographicand political factors. Role of housing in social and economic

development. Housing as an index of social welfare. Housing in relation to

stages ofdevelopment particularly as related to developing economy.

Micro and Macro economic views of the housing sector. Housing situation

and India in quantitative and qualitative terms. Housing statistics. Obstacles

to provision ofhousing tn India and emerging issues and priorities in urbanrural housing. Basic considerations for the formulation of viable housing

policy and programmes in consonance with availability of resources and

feasibilities of implementation and management. Housing policy option in

developing countries. Housing programmes in Five Year Plans ofIndia. Social

housing programmes. Role of private and co-operative sectors in housing.

Housing in the informal sector. Problems of slums and squatting. Public

housing programmes, site and services and slums upgradation approach.

The concept of housing standards, issues involved in formulation of

standards. Housing and its relation to non-residential components of the

settlement. Socio-cultural perspective of ho Housrnq and family lite.

Principl community Organisation. Social sou residential satisfaction. Comm

participation in the design implementation ofhousing programme. Public

housing agencies in India at N state and settlement level. Their and programmes.

ECOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT

Evolution of Ecology, Man and eco Components of nature and some

concepts, process of ecology, f material, water, energy, inva

succession, predation, regulatory f adoption, trophic levels, food chai web,

ecological pyramids. Eco-system and their rei evan. environment,

resources 'and h settlements. Modifications in environment, causes and

consequq Impact of advanced agriculture-m urbanisation and industrialisation

on Pollution, types, sources, remedies. Urban ecosystem approach, evolutio

significance. Introduction to quantitative ecology. Identification ofecological

paramete planning at different levels, Site p Settlement planning, Regional

planning Data needs, formats for data coilecton Types of analysisrequired to e ecological parameters. Environmental impact assess Methodsand their appraisal.Ecological awareness in India, trad indigenous methods,

contemporary t Endowments and resources, defin classltication according to

different endues, renewable, non-renewable Space bound and flow resources,

preparation and analysis ofresource inventories and resource matrices. Finite-

ness of resources, examples of transfer from one resource to another in

history indifferent parts of world. Development, utilisation and conservation

of resources, resource planning, integrated resource planning approach.

Resource regions, their problems and potentials. Resource management,

traditional and contemporary approaches. Resource development in India,

some selected areas (energy, water, manpower, etc.)

DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT

Development management aspects, National goals and political-economic system effecting it. Development management and development process.

System of local government in India. Development administration at

National, State, District and Local level and the process of decision making,

development and management.

Functions, powers, structure and resources of local governments and their

performance.

Identifications of other non-government developmental orqanisations andtheir relationship with local governments. Possibilities of qualitative improve

ment in plan administration.

Public relation and citizen participation

Personal management, Manpower planning, performance, appraisal, moti

vation, and morale,Organisational behaviour-organisation theory, authority

and confict, administration communication, leadership in administration,

organisational changes, organisational structure and plan implementing agencies

Local financial system in India-local taxation and fees, state-and local fiscal

relations, financing local services, local services, local expenditure, capitalbudgeting and performance budgeting. Financial resource mobilisation.Policies and programmes of related financial institutions, administrative

aspects of investment.

Land Management practices and. polices.Classical persuasive and no-persuasive strategies and techniques, New

techniques of rnanaqernent by objective (MBO), integrated reportingsystem, flow diagrams, bar charts, mile stones, networks (CPM & PERT),

line of balance (LOB), Techniques of monitoring of development works,standard oriented costs control, turn keys system, vertical production

method, inventory cost control technique, unified status index technique.REGIONAL PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT

Spatial planning in the regional context. Concepts and theories ofmarginality, growth and development. Issues in regional development,

dualism and dependency, efficiency, equity and environmental goals,theoriesof Spatial Organisation, polarised growth, spread and backwash, centre and

periphery.

National planning framework and general approach in India. Philosophy and

status ofregional planning in the planning process, sectoral, multi-level andintegrated approachto planning, national policies on income distribution andprovision ofminimum basic needs.

Regional analysis techniques to understand egional spatial structure, regionaleconomy, planning styles in developing countries and contemporary ap

proaches to regional development, structural and functional aspects,

agropolis and its applicability to India.

Development strategiesin the regionalcontext in regional to urban/rural area,people prosperity, growth pole and growth centre strategies, small andmedium towns, industrial region, special area strategies for metropolitan region.

Techniques of. target fixation in regionaldevelopment inter-sectoral coordination. Formulation phasing and implementation of integrated area

development plans and development plan for regions.

HISTORY AND DESIGN OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS

Relevance of evolution of human settlements in modern context, historical

determinants, mobility, sociocultural beliefs, climate, technology, politicalpower, geographical location, etc. Settlement types and patterns; ancient,mediaeval renaissance and industrial age.

Human scale in settlement planning. Ancient texts and treatises, settlements

and areaplanningin ancient India. City as a living and spatialentity, Ekistics andthe city, contribution of Ebnezer Howard, Geodes, Mumford and others in cityplanning. Planning of settlements in colonial era.

DESIGN OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS

Role of urban design in the planning process. Social choices and designoptions. Ecological determinants in urban settlement design. Identification ofdesign resource. Principles of structuring urban spaces, locationalparameters of activities andurbanuses. Imageability of the city.Determinatntsof urban patterns and forms,landuse density and networks, energy, urbanform impact of technology and constructiontechniques, standards and

WW.

13.

tmpllcations of regulatory control onurban form anddesign, in relation torenewal andre-development of central areas. Issues related to changingpractices of planning human settlements asapplied to spatial design.Urban design projects, identification, scope and relationship withdevelopment plan-case studies. Planning and design parameters for newtowns, selected case studies. Urban conservation anddesign, contemporaryapproaches, priorities inurban conservation and nature reserves, integrationofhistorical monuments and areas in the development process.

PROJECT FORMULATION AND APPRAISAL-

Introduction to the life cycly of a project, project identification, formulation,appraisal, monitoring andevaluation. The role of project formulation and appraisal in the planning process.Methodology for project identification andformulation of opportunity studies,feasibility reports and detailed project reports. Policy parameters for appraisal of project reports. Planning Commission guidelines, requirements ofprincipal financing agencies inthefield ofurban regional planning. Review ofproject appraisal techniques adoptedby financin agencies. Costeffectiveness analysis cost-benefit analysis.Financial cost-benefitanalysis. Cash fi analysis, time valueof money,discountecash flowanalysis. Measures of proprofitability based onmarket pripresentvalue, internal rate of retubenefit costratio, etc. Exercises andc studies.Economic cost-benefit analys Distinction between market pricesaccountingprices, objective functions economic costbenefit analysis, dand application ofshadow wageMeasures of project profitability basedefficiencyprices. CaseStudies.

Social cost-benefit analysis: T between efficiency and equity goals projectappraisal, measurement of d and indirect costs and benefits ind sectors of urbanand. rural developm Adjustments for project impact on savi and investment,income distributi consumption of merit and demeritCaseStudies. Techniquesforidentifying andassessconditions of riskanduncertainty in project environment. Sensitivity probability analysis in the Indian Emerging trends in thedecision maki process with respectto projectapprai andresource allocation atvarious of government.SOCIAL FORMATION AND CHANGE IN SOCIAL GROUPING

Persistence and change in the nature socialgrouping in India-caste, comandfamily.

approach study of Indian cities-limitationsrole sociocultural aspects in the growth ofa city,

on nature and trends towards amass culture,

technology and change, aspects of socialtension. Illustrative cases of social perspective in Planning. Planning forrecreation andprovision for religious activities. Changing role of publicparticipation and voluntaryorganisations. Socialdimensions of urbanandruralpoor

LAND ECONOMICS

Economic concepts of land : Objectives scope of land economics,relevance forspatial planning. Economic principles of land uses, factorsof specific uses likeresidential, industrial, commercial andinstitutional.Development of land, real property and process. Cost of development,source of finance.

Real property market: Heterogeneity andimperfections, principles andpractices Economic aspects of land policies atvarious levels ofdecisionmaking.

ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING & DESIGN

Components ofnatural andbuilt environment.Resourceindentification and itsimplications for human settlements: Human, physical socialand culture.Conceptual understanding of duality oflife. Environmental criteria forlocationofhuman settlements. Recycling and resourcesconservation. Priorities andstrategies for development at various arealevels.Environmental Planning, Proqrarnnfe coordination and protection. Energyand human settlements.

Innovation in technology application and energy use.Design for living: Environmental design for planning .: Integration ofenvironmental assessments and planning options. Environmentalmanagement-and overview.

NETWORK AND SERVICES

Concepts and theoriesof design and operation of urbanservices and networksystems-water supply, sewage disposal, drainage, refuse collection, recyinganddisposal,electricitynetwork andtelephone network, healthcareandeducation, police protection and fire fighting, general welfare,

Operational planning for emergencyevacuation in urban areas, basicneeds, formulation of objectives, norms and standardsboth for spaceallocation and quality control. The network and service systems:components, interrelationship, requirements andnE~edsofappropriate technology. Effects of density, landuse and urban structure on.designof networkand service systems. Cost recovery, economic of urban service system and

Human ecology: Ecological

conventional approaches,

Urbanisation: Perspectives

Tradition and modernisation

networks.

15. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Quality of life,concepts, indicators, measurements andapplications. Environmental standards.Environmental impact assessment: Methodologies, techniques, data requirements and .costs. Applicability of EIA to' urbandevelopment programmes. Integration of EIAmethodoloy to the planning anddevelopment processes. Environmental planning and management strategiesand approaches relevant to urban and regional planning. Environmerltcfrprotection inurban areas, coordination and enforcement, legislative aspects,population control, technoloqical aspects.

16. CITY AND METROPOLITAN PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENTTrends in the dynamics of growth of urban centres in India, urbanisation,metropolltanisatlon andurbanprimacy, causesandconsequences, measures toreducetherateof gro~h of metropolitan areas. Physical structure of. largecitiesand metropolitan complexes in India, land use, traffic and transportation, housing, utilities'services and community facilities, present deficiencies. The economic maladies of the Indian metropolis, the industrial,commercial andtax bases, unemployment and urban poverty, growth of theinformal sector, measures to increase employment and to strengthen theeconomic base. The social contours of the metropolises, changes in thefamily size and structure, culture, occupation, income and life-style, urban-rural dichotomy and social pathology ofthelarge city. The management ofthe metropolis, metropolitan government and finances, proliferation of local'authorities, overlapping jurisdiction; metropolitan planning anddevelopment agency, its powers and functions, need for unified urbanadministration.

17. VILLAGE PLANNING AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT

Relevance of rural areator urban development, mutual dependence betweenurban and ruralareas, between industry and agriculture. Characteristics ofsymbiotic development andthe pattern of urban development in India Inthiscontext. Levels of livingof rural people-trends of development differentialsin level of development between various regions within India anddifferentsocioeconomic group. National planning andrural development. Concepts ofplanning forrural settlement. Regional development andurban rural partnership, relatedinputs andinfrastructure development.

Agricultural development, alliedactivities andpatterns of rural linkages, communication andmarketing facilities, community development, institutions and delivery of social services. Rural settlements, typology, structure,spatial significance inmetro-regions andinterior areas. Planning principles orvillages andcommunity norms. Rural reconstruction. Basic needsandruralsanitation, water supply, hygiene and,'drainage, technology transfer andoptions. Area, district and block level development planning and Implementation, public participation In rural development process, role of voluntaryOrganisation. Rural energy issues, renewable andalternative sources ofenergy. Ecological andenvironmental'consloeratlons in rural development andvillage planning.

18. PLANNING LEGISLATION AND PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE-

Conceptsof law,Sources'of law(i:e .. custom,legislation andprecedent) meaning of termsof law,legislation, ordinance, '.bill, act,regulations,andbyelaws,Significance of law,and its, relationship to urbanplanning. Benefitsof statutory backingfor schemes-eminent, domain and policepowersIndianConstitution, Concept, and contents. Provisions regarding propertyrights.Legislative, competence of StateandCentralGovernments to' enacttown planninq legislation

National Environme Policy Act:

Evolution ofPlanninglegislation.An overview oflegaltools connectedwith urbanplanning and development. Town andCountryPlanning Act, UrbanPlanning andDevelopmentAuthoritiesAct, Objectives,contents,procedures forpreparation andimplementation of regional plans, masterplansandtown planningschemes. Concept of arbitration betterment levy,development charges andpublic participation in statutory, planning process, Concept of structure plan,local plan and action plan under the English law. Land Acquisition Act. 1984.Basic conceptprocedure for compulsoryacquisition of propertyanddetermination ofcompensation. Urbanland(CellingandRegulation)Act 1976,objectives,contents and planningimplication. Significationof land Development Controlobjectives andlegeltools criticalevalutationof zoning, sub-divisionregulations,building regulations,and byelaws. Development code, zoning law and law relating to peripherycontrol. Introduction to lawrelatingto slum clearance, housing,landscape andtraffic. Legislation relating to urbanconservation andrestorationhistoricalmonuments, archaeological sites.Aims andobjectives ofprofessionalinstitutes sister bodies, professional role and responsibility of planningconsultants,professionalethics, codeofconductandscaleofprofessional charge.Formulation of project proposal and outlines. Consultancy agreements andcontracts,managerialaspects. Role In Inter-disciplinary groups.Appreciationof

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the decision making process, and the process in relation to varied consultancy

assignments of planning.

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infiltration, Hydrographs, unit hydrograph, Flood estimation, frequency

analysis. Planning for water Resources Ground and surface water resources;

surface flows. Single and multipurpose projects storage capacity reservoir

losses, reservoir silting, flood routing . Benefit cost ratio, planning for

optimum use of water resources. Water logging- Its causes and control ,

design of drainage system ; soil salinity River training principle and

Methods. Cross drainage works. Necessity, types and their selection.

7. GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING:

(i) Soil Mechanics : Index properties and classification of soils.

Seepage : Flow through homogeneous isotropic and an isotropic earth dams.

Consolidation and settlement: Terzaghi's theory, determination of consolida

tion, parameters from Laboratory tests. Field compression curve, time-rate

of settlement, settlement computation for under consolidated normally

consolidated and over consolidated soils. Shear strength; Shear strength

parametres - laboratory and field determination and their selection for the

relevant field conditions. Stress path definition and typical paths for various

shear tests and lateral earth pressure conditions. Skemption's pore -pressure

coefficients A-B definition, determination and uses.

(ii) Foundation Engineering - Sub-surface exploration methods and thier suitabil

ity. Methods of sampling. Soil improvement : various methods.

Shallow foundation - Laboratory and field methods of Bearing capacity

determination. Priniples of footing size determination.

Deep foundations Types & their suitability : -

(a) Pile foundation -Types & their selection. Negative skin friction, load

carrying capacity of single piles and pile group foundation for expansive

soils.

(b) Well foundation ( cassions) types selection and design principles.

Retaining walls & bulkheads- Analytical and graphical methods of earth

pressure computation Determination of depth of embedment of depth of

embedment of sheet pile walls.

Stability of slopes - Types of failure surfaces, stability analysis of earth

embankments for various conditions. Elements ofmachine foundations. Modes

ofvibration requirementsof machine foundations,

(iii) Rock Mechanics -Physical properties and engineering classification of rocks,

General Consideration of foundation problems in igneous, sedimentary and

metamorphic rock.

8. BUILDING MATERIALS

Timber: Different types and species of structural timber, density-mositure

relationship, strength in different directions, defects, influence of defects on

permissible stress, preser- vation, dry and wet rots, codal provisions for design,

ply- wood.

Bricks: Types, Indian Standard Classification, absorption, saturation factor,

strength in masonry, influence of morter strength on masonry strength .

Cement: Compounds of, different types, setting times, strength.

Cement Mortar: Ingredients, proportions, water demand

Concrete: Importance ofW/C Ratio, Strength ingredients including admixtures,

works ability, testing for strength, elasticity, non-destructive testing-, mix de

sign methods.

9. HYDROLOGY:

Water resources ofthe globe: Multipurpose uses ofWater: Soil-Plant-Water rela

tionship, irrigation systems, water, demand assessment; Storage and their yields,

ground water yield and well hydraulics; Waterlogging, drainage design; Irrigation

revenue; Design ofrigid boundary canals, Lacey's and Tractive force concepts in

canal design, lining of canals; Sediment transport in canals; Non-overflow and

overflow sections ofgravity dams and their design, Energy dissipators and tailwater

rating; design of head works, distribution works, falls, cross-drainage works,

outlets; River training.

10. ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

(a) WATER SUPPLY ENGINEERING:

Sources of supply, yields, design of intakes and conductors; Estimation of de

mand; Water quality standards; Control of Water-borne diseases; Primary and

secondary treatment, detailing and maintenance of treatment units; Conveyance

of treatment units; Conveyance and distribution sys- terns of treated water,

leakages and control; Rural water sup- ply; Institutional and industrial water

supply.

(b) WASTEWATER ENGINEERING:

Urban rain water disposal; 'Systems of sewage and disposal; Design of sewers

and sewerage systems; pumping; Characteristic of sewage and its treatment,

Disposal of products of sewage treatment, stream flow rejuvenation institu

tional and industrial sewage management; Plumbing systems; Rural and semi-

urban sanitation.

(c) SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

Source, classification collection and disposal; Design and management of land

fills.

(d) AIR AND NOISE POLLUTION AND ECOL-OGY:

Source and effects of air pollution, monitoring of air pollution; Noise pollution

and' standards; Ecological chain and balance, Environmental assesment.

SOIL MECHANICS:

Properties of soil, classification and interrelationship; Compaction behavior,

methods of compaction and their choice; Permeability and seepage, flow nets,

Inverted filters;

Compressibility, and consolidation; Shearing resistance, stresses and failure; soiltesting in laboratory and insitu; Stress path and applications; Earth pressure

theories, stress distribution in soil; soil exploration, samplers, load tests, pen

etration tests.

FOUNDATION ENGINEERING:

Types of foundations, Selection criteria, bearing capacity, settlement, laboratory

and field tests; Types ofpiles and their design and layout, Foundations on expan

sive soils, swelling and its prevention, foundations on swelling soils.

SURVEYING:

Classification of surveys, scales, accuracy; Measurment of distances direct and

indirect methods; optical and electronic devices; Measurment ofdirections, .pris

matic compass, lo- cal attraction; Theodolites - types; Measurment of elevations

- Spirit and trigonometeic levelling; Relief representation; Contours; Digital el

evation modelling concept; Establishment of control by trangulations and tra

versing-measurements and adjustment ofobservations, computation ofcoordi

nates; Field astronomy, Concept ofglobal positioning system; Map preaparation

by plane tabling and by photogrammetry; Re- mote sensing concepts, map sub

stitutes, satellite images as its interpretation.

PROJECT FORMULATION AND APPRISAL

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—XI

Physical Geography.

1. Geomorphology: Theories regarding origin of the earth, interior of the earth,

origin of continents, types and origin of mountains, plateau, plain, types andorigin of rocks, Endogenetic and exogentic force, Earthquakes and Volcanoes-

causes, result and world distribution, Weathering and Erosion, Cycle of erosion,

Land Forms- Fluvial, Glacial, Arid, Marine and Groundwater, types and origin of

lakes.

2. Climatology : Composition and structure of Atmosphere, Insolation-horizontal

distribution of insolation on the earth, Heat budget, inversion of Temperature,

Isotherms, Global-Warming, Air pressure belts of the globe, types of winds,

detailed study ofMonsoon wind, Jet streams, Humidity, Condensation, Rainfall-

types and distribution, Acid rain, Air masses, Fronts, Cyclones and Anticyclones,Concept regarding polar front origin ofcyclone. Thunder storm, Climatic classifi

cation by Koppen and Thoranthwaite.

3. Oceanography: Configuration ofocean floor- Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Ocean,

Temperature and salinity ofoceans- effecting factors of its distribution. Oceanic

currents, Tides, Marine deposits, Coral reefs.

3. Human and Economic Geography

1. Development of Geographical Thought :Determinism, Possibilism, Neo deter

minism, Dualism in Geography, contribution of Arab and European Geogra

phers, Development of Geography in Indian in the 20th Century.

2. Human Geography: Definition, nature and Philosophy of Human Geography,

Human Races, Population- Distribution, density and growth in the world. Prob

lems of the world population and solution, International Migration of popula

tion.

Human Settlements- Rural and Urban settlement- Types and Pattern. Main

Cities and ports of world.

3. Economic Geography: Definition, scope and Subject of economic geography,

Concept ofResources, classification, Conservation and management ofResources.

Agriculture - types of agriculture, Major food and commercial crops and their

world distribution. Agriculture Regions of world.

Mineral Resources - world production and distribution of Iron Ore, Manganese,

Copper, Gold, Tin and Bauxite.

Power Sources- World production and distribution of Coal, Petroleum and Hy

dro-electricity. Industries- Iron and steel, Textile, Paper and ship building indus

tries of world, Major Industrial regions of the world.

Means of Transport- Major sea, air and rail, road routs of the world and impor

tance,

International Trades.

4. Political Geography : Political Geography and Geo-Politics, concept of country

and state, frontiers, boundaries and Buffer area, Indian Ocean and world politics.

4. Geography of India

1. Physical Features - Location & extent, Physical Conditions, Physical Divisions

& Drainage System. Temperature & air pressure, origin and mechanism of Indian

Monsoon, distribution of rainfall, flood prone and drought prone areas, climatic

region. Soil-types, characteristics and their distribution. Forest- types, distribu

tion and importance, flora- fauna.

2. Human Features - Population- distribution, density and growth, composition

of population, population problems and policies, racial elements of Indian popu

lation, major Indian tribes, Linguistic Zone of India.3. Economic features - Agriculture- major crops, cropping pattern, agricultural

development, agricultural infrastructure- irrigation, energy, fertilizers, mechanism,

Green-revolution, modernization of agriculture, agricultural regions, agricultural

problems and planning.

Minerals- Iron-ore, mica, manganese, Gold, Silver, Tin, Copper-their production,

utilization and distribution.

Power resources- Coal, Petroleum, Hydro-electricity, multipurpose river-valley

projects, energy- crisis and search of alternatives.

Industry - Iron and steel, Textiles, Paper, Cement, Sugar and Petro- Chemicals,

Industrial- Localization, Development & Distribution, Industrial Regions.

4. Transport and Trade - Networks of railways and roads, Airways & Water

transport their problems & Prospects, International Trade.

5. Geography of Chhattisgarh

1. Physical features - Location & extent, Physical Conditions, Physical Divisions

and Drainage System, Climate and Weather conditions, soil- types, characteristics& distribution. Natural Vegetation and their importance, flora- fauna.

2. Human Features -Population- Growth, Density and Distribution, Rural and Ur

ban population, composition of population, major tribes and towns.

3. Economic features - Agriculture- major crops, cropping pattern, means of

irrigation and importance, modernization of agriculture, agricultural problems and

planning.

4. Minerals, Power resources, Thermal Power Projects.

5. Industry - Agro based, Forest and minerals based industry, Major Industrial

Zone.

6. Transport and Tourism.

6. Mathematics

1. Algebra -Groups, semi -groups, Lagranges theorem. Cyclic groups, Normal sub

groups Quotient groups, conjugate elements and sub- groups rings sub-rings,

Integral domain, Fields and polynomial rings.

Vector spaces, Linear independence bases Dimensions of a finitely generated

space. Linear transformation. Matrices and their operations. Row & column re

duction Echelon form, Rank and nullity of a linear transformation. System of

linear equations.

2. Differential Calculus -Convergence of sequences and series; Limit and continuity

offunctions. Differentiability, Mean Value theorem. Taylor's theorem. Expansion

in Taylor's and Maclauries Series, Maxima and Minima, successive differen

tiation. Leibnitz's theorem. Functions.

3. Integral Calculus - Integration of rational , irrational and transcendental

functions. Definite integrals; Double and tripe integrals, Beta and Gamma

functions.

4. Differential Equations - Ordinary differential equations of first and higher

degree Homogeneous equations of first degree Integrating factors; Linear

differential equations with constant co-efficients. Complimentary functions' and

pellicular integrals, Linear differential equations with variable co-efficients.

5. Vector Analysis - Algebra of vectors , Double and triple products (Scalar

and Vectors), Differentiation of vectors, Directional direvatives Gradient

divergence and curl and their elementary properties. Integratioin of vector

functions along curves.

6. Statistics - Statistical population and random sample Collection, and presen

tation of data measures of locaton dispersion Moments and shepard's correc

tions, cummulants. Measures of skewness and kurtosis.

7. Analytical Geometry- Direction cosines, plane and straight line, sphere cone

and cylinder. Tangent planes and normal lines.

8. Advanced Calculus -Tangents and Normals. Asymptotes Curvature andTracing of conies. Determination of areas, lengths surfaces and volumes

(Cartesian and polar curves)

9. Real Analysis - Least upper bound and greatest lower bounds of sets; limitpoint of a set . Bolzanoweirstrass theorem, open and closed sets and their

porperties, Metric spaces. Cauchy sequences and complete metric spares .Compact sets and Heine-Borel theorem.

10. Boolean Algebra - Difinition and properties. Demorgan's Laws. Switching

circuits. Boolean ructions conjunctive and disjunctive forms.

11. Mechanics - Equilibrium of three forces, friction. Newton's second law ofmotion, impulsive force, kinetic energy of particles angular velocity, tragentialand normal velocity and accleration projectiles on horizontal and inclined

planes Colliston of elastic bodies, Direct and oblique impacts.

12. Partial Differential Equations - Partial differential equations of first order, Stan

dards forms Linear partial differential equations ofhigher degree with constant coefficients. Laplace,diffusionand vibration equation. Simple cases of solutionsof these equations as boundary value problems.

7. Sociology Concept and Theory

Sociology as a discipline, field of study, Philosophical versus scientific study.

Relationship of Sociology with Social Anthropology, Economics, social Psychol

ogy and Political science.Nature of Study :- Concept of social phenomena, man and society.

Unit of study. Why human beings behave the way they do.

Method of study :- Research design, steps of scientific research.Concept, hypothesis and theory. Questionnaire, Schedule, scaling techniques.Use of statistics, elementary Knowledge of mean, median and mode.Founding fathers of sociology :-Comte, A. - Hierarchy of science, positivemethod, law of three stages. H. spencer, J. - Theory of evolution. Organicconcept of society. Durkheim, E. - Social fact and collective conciousness..Division of labour, Suicide and Theory of origin of religion. Marx k. -

Dialectical and historical materialism. Economic determinism, conflict theory

and class conflict. Theory of surplus value and exploitation. M. Weber. -Ideal type, Social action, Bureaucracy and Protestant ethics and spirit of

capitalism.

Contemporary theory :-

Parsons, T. - Social action, social system and pattern variable.Merton, R. - Functional paradigm, reference group, theory of middle range

and anomie.

Social structure :- Concept of social structure as propounded by Radcliffe

Brown and Evans Pritchard.

Social groupings :- Group - Primary and Secondary, Community, Association,

Crowd, Audience and Public.

Social organization and Disorganization :- Concept and elements of social

organization. Factors responsible for social disorganization.Culture :- Meaning and attributes. Culture conflict. Culture and society.Culture and personality. Acculturation

WW.

Social change :- Meaning. Progress, evolution and Social development.Theories of Socialchange- Evolutionary, Neo-evolutionary, cyclical and conflict theory.

Indian SocietyI. Traditional Basis of social Organization.

Elements of Hindu Social Organization

Varna system

Aashram

Karma

Purusharth

II. Unity and DiversityImportant Religious Groups.Tenets of Islam and Christianity. Impact of other religious groups on Hindusocial system. Cooperation and conflict among religious communities.

III. Population composition. Population of main communities.Rural-urban population. Tribal population distribution in India.Sex ratio, education and occupational structure.

IV. Social stratification./'

concept and function of social stratification, Cast system and Classstructure.

Peasants and industrial class structure. Social Justice and Social mobility.

V Economic System

Peasants and industrial economic system. Changing patterns of Public &Private sector. Mixedeconomy. Impact of liberalizationand Globalization onsocio-economic life ofmajority

population. Condition of economic inequality and poverty. Vicious cultureof poverty.

VI. Political system:Democratic system and fundamental rights. Multi party system. Effect andconsequences of Coalition Government, Status of people's welfare. Role ofCaste,Classand money power in election.Meritsand demeritsof decentralization and Panchayati Raj as a mechanism of socialdevelopment.

VII. Social Institutions:

Family - Patriarchal and Matriarchal family. Family in rural and urbansetting. Place of Children and old persons in changing form of family.Marriage - Effectof Inter-casteand inter-religious marriage on society. Violence between marital partner.Kinship - Impact ofKinship system in tribalsociety, changing form of Kinshipsystem in urban and industrial society. Effect of rights andobligation associatedwith kinship in Indian society.Status and Role.Role conflict among women in rural and urban setting. Importance ofascribed and achieved status in changing social scenario of India.

VIII. Religion and belief system :Ideological perception of main religions. Tribal and rural belief system.Functions of religion and magic. Compare and contrast between religion andmagic.

IX. Social movement and aggressive groups.Concept of social movement. Peasant, tribal, industrial, Student's movementand Youth unrest. Separatist and aggressive groups.

X. Social problems and social Dynamics :Sociological meaningof social problem.Problems relating to indebtedness,bonded labour, child labour, dowry,

reconstruction and social equilibrium process.Sanskritization, Westernization, Universalization and Modernization.

8. Statistics:

Statistical Methods - Measures of central tendency, dispersion, skewnessand kurtosis, measures of association and contingency , correlation andregression,partial and multiplecorrelationand regression,partial and multiplecorrlation, rank correlation, curve fitting.

Probability - Sample space and events. Theorems on probability, statisticalindependence, Bayes theorem, discrete and continuous random variables, probability mass function, probability, density function, distribution function,bivariate distribution, marginal and conditional distributions, Expectationmoments, moment generating, function, Chebyshev's inequality , Binomial ,Poisson, Hypergeo-metric, Negativebinomial, uniform,exponential, gamma, Beta,normal andbivariatenormalprobabilitydistributions. Convergence in probability, weak law of large numbers and simple form of central limit theorem(without proof).Statistical Inference -Requirements-of good estimate-unbiased ness, consistency, sufficiency and efficiency, Cramer-Rao inequality, Methodsof estimation,method of moments, method of maximum likelihood Properties of maximumlikelihood estimates (Without proof) confidence intervals.Simple and compositehypotheses, statistical tests, critical region, two kindsof errorNeyman Pearson Lemma and it applications for constructing tests forone parameter. Tests of significance based on t, F and chi-square (X2)statistics

Sampling techniques- Nature andscope of sampling, simple random sampling,estimation of ratio and proportion, stratified sampling, systematic sampling,sampling and non-sampling, errors, planning andorganisation of sample surveys.Design of experiments -Analysis of variance foroneway, two and three wayclassifications, Principles of experimental designs, completely randomized design, Randomized block design, Latin square design, missing plot techniques(one missing observation).Index Numbers - Definition, Construction, interpretation and limitations ofindex numbersLespoyre, Passche,Edge-Worth -Marshaland Fisherindex numbers, tests for index .numbers and construction ofcost of living index number,

Statistical Quality Control -Concepts of quality and meaning of control. Different types of control charts(X,R,0,P, n,p,c)Sampling inspection versus 100% inspection, single sequentialsampling plan for attributes, O.C. AS.N. and T.l. curves, concepts ofProducer's and consumers risk.

Vital Statistics-

Vitalrates and ratios crude death and birth rates, specific birth and death rates,standardized death rate infant mortality -rate, life cable description and usesGeneral fertility rate, life cabledescription anduses. General fertility rate,totalfertility rate, Gross and net reproductionrates. Indian census.

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