ODBORNÝ CIZÍ JAZYK 2 (FINANCE) · 10.1 Primary Sector 53 10.2 Investment decisions 54 10.3...

ODBORNÝ CIZÍ JAZYK 2

(FINANCE) S T U D I J N Í O P O R A P R O K O M B I N O V A N É

S T U D I U M

Moravská vysoká škola Olomouc, o.p.s., 2018

ODBORNÝ CIZÍ JAZYK 2

FINANCE

Mgr. Tetiana ARKHANGELSKA, Ph.D.

Projekt EDULAM - „Zvýšení kvality vzdělávání na MVŠO s ohledem na potřeby trhu práce, di-

gitalizaci a internacionalizaci“ (č. projektu CZ.02.2.69/0.0/0.0/16_015/0002341) je spolufinan-

cován Evropskou unií.

© Moravská vysoká škola Olomouc, o. p. s.

Autor: Mgr. Tetiana ARKHANGELSKA, Ph.D.

Olomouc 2018

Úvod 6

Choosing Jobs. What Can You Expect From a Career in Banking? 7

1.1 Choosing jobs 8

1.2 What can you expect from a career in banking? 9

1.3 Present Simple and Present Continuous 11

Researching Financial Employers. The Banking Code. 12

2.1 Researching financial employers 13

2.2 The banking code 14

2.3 Suggestions and advice 15

Personal Finance. Customer Complaints. 17

3.1 Personal finance 18

3.2 Customer Complaints 19

3.3 Requests and offers 20

Company Financial Services. Controlling Business Expenses. 22

4.1 Company financial services 23

4.2 Controlling business expenses 24

4.3 Describing change and cause 25

Economic Indicators. A memo. 28

5.1 Economic indicators 29

5.2 A memo 30

5.3 Predictions: probability 31

Presenting Figures. Explaining Trends and their Causes. 33

6.1 Presenting Figures 34

6.2 Explaining trends and their causes 35

6.3 Contrasting information 37

Investing in Emerging Markets. Interpreting Data. Presenting Data. 38

7.1 Investing in emerging markets 39

7.2 Interpreting data. Presenting data 40

7.3 Verb patterns: infinitive, gerund 40

Economic Cycles. The IMF and World Bank. 42

8.1 Economic cycles 43

8.2 The IMF and World Bank 44

8.3 Describing consequences 45

Economic Sector. Regional Development Agencies. 47

9.1 Economic sector 48

9.2 Regional development agencies 49

9.3 First and second conditionals 50

Primary Sector. Investment decisions. 52

10.1 Primary Sector 53

10.2 Investment decisions 54

10.3 Forecasting 55

Secondary Sector. Competing in the Global Economy. 56

11.1 Secondary sector 57

11.2 Competing in the global economy 58

11.3 Time clauses: describing stages of a process with when 58

Tertiary Sector. Services. 60

12.1 Tertiary sector. Services 61

12.2 Should have done and third conditional 61

Literatura předmětu 63

Úvod

Popularita předmětu Finance v dnešním globalizovaném světě pochází především z jeho zásadní role

ve sféře podnikání, která se vyvíjí rapidním tempem. Předmět se zabývá anglickým jazykem v takové

podobě, v jaké se s ním můžeme setkat v oboru Finance. Vede tedy k rozšíření obzorů studentů, co

se týče jazykového materiálu používaného v této oblasti, a k nastudování základních gramatických

jevů. Cílem předmětu je obohatit studenty o důležitou slovní zásobu, zlepšit jejich komunikační do-

vednosti v angličtině a pomoci jim s nastudováním gramatiky.

V úvodních textech se studenti pomocí nejrůznějších článků dozvědí zajímavé informace týkající se

tohoto oboru a zároveň si rozšíří slovní zásobu a procvičí její použití. Dále následují cvičení, ve kte-

rých si studenti procvičí komunikaci v angličtině a naučí se užitečné fráze, které dále použijí v pra-

covním životě. Ke zvýšení jazykové úrovně slouží část zaměřující se na gramatiku, která je zde vy-

světlena a jsou zde i kontrolní cvičení k procvičení dané problematiky. Výuka probíhá formou semi-

nářů a je založena na praktických dovednostech, které studenti uplatní v pracovním prostředí v ob-

lasti Finance.

Kapitola 1

Choosing Jobs. What Can

You Expect From a Career

in Banking?

Po prostudování kapitoly budete umět:

charakterizovat dovednosti pro různé pracovní pozice; mluvit o kariéře v bankovnictví; používat přítomný prostý čas a přítomný průběhový čas.

Klíčová slova:

Apply for, candidate, career, covering letter, deadline, deal with, graduate, job appli-cation, motivation, skill, team player, training

V této kapitole budete pracovat s učebnicí Finance 1, kapitola 1.

ODBORNÝ CIZÍ JAZYK 2 8

1.1 Choosing jobs

Porozumění textu a úvod do problematiky:

Úvodní cvičení k tématu naleznete na str. 4 učebnice, konkrétně cvičení 1- 4. Pro procvičení slovní

zásoby jděte na str. 5 a projděte cvičení 1-3 v části Vocabulary: Describing a job. Fráze důležité pro

práci v oblasti finančních trhů naleznete ve cvičení 1 It’s my job na str. 6.

“Business English: 6 Figure Jobs

Practically every country in Europe seems to be struggling financially at the moment. The crisis has

bankrupted a variety of companies and as a result unemployment rates continue to climb.

Bonuses and pay rises have been put on hold, possibly indefinitely, and some salaries have even

been reduced. Nonetheless, there are still a few jobs which remain profitable and offer around

$100,000 a year. In this post we’ll take a look at 5 of these lucrative occupations.

Human Resource manager

An HR manager generally controls everything to do with personnel from recruitment upwards. Now-

adays, it’s not uncommon to find an entire HR department in some companies. As HR has grown in

importance, so have the salaries so it’s no wonder that top HR managers can earn in excess of

$170,000 not including perks and bonuses.

Technical writer

Forget writing novels, if you have solid technical knowledge and decent written English then seri-

ously consider changing career. A technical writer creates and maintains documents which can be

anything from user manuals to publicity material. The job requires strong IT skills as much of the

work is often online, but you can expect around $110,000 in return.

Art director

Drama may not have seemed a profitable subject at school but for those few who are talented and

lucky enough to be in charge of theatrical productions, they live an extremely comfortable lifestyle.

On average, an art director takes home $97,000 while the top 10% earn an astounding $168,000.

There are strings attached though, as long hours, intense schedules and regular travel are normally

part of the job.

Gaming manager

There are few industries as stable as the gambling one. Casinos have always attracted customers

and show few signs of losing their appeal, even in the financial crisis. The people in charge of casino

9 CHOOSING JOBS. WHAT CAN YOU EXPECT FROM A CAREER IN BANKING?

operations are called ‘gaming managers’, they supervise everything that goes on in a casino and also

manage the staff. The highest earners in this industry rake in $116,070 a year and also earn other

benefits.

Pilot

The glamorous lifestyle of a commercial airline pilot is not everyone’s cup of tea due to the constant

travel. Although there have been reductions in pay and several airlines have gone bankrupt, there

are still more than a few pilots and co-pilots pilots banking $117,310 a year. This is in stark contrast

to the $23,000 offered to new pilots by a few companies which has effectively reduced the number

of people choosing to enter the industry.”1

Přečtěte si text a odpovězte na následující otázky:

1. Why are these jobs well-paid? 2. Which other jobs pay a lot of money? Why?

1.2 What can you expect from a career

in banking?


Jděte na str. 8 a zamyslete se nad otázkami ve cvičení 1 a 2. Přečtěte si texty na str. 8 a 108. Pro

rozšíření slovní zásoby pokračujte cvičením 5 na str. 8, kde doplňte fráze z textu.

“Success in Banking

A career in banking is open to everyone, regardless of race, gender, national origin, age or physical

capabilities. Banks hire and train people who are interested in learning and working. Aptitude and

attitude are essential to your success. If you are an individual seeking growth and challenges and

are willing to accept responsibility, banks will be interested in you.

1 St George International. Business English: 6 Figure Jobs [online]. St George International Ltd: © 2000-2017

[cit. 16. 6. 2018]. Dostupné z: http://www.stgeorges.co.uk/blog/business-english-6-figure-jobs


Bank employees are typically very well organized and have strong computer skills. They also have

good communication skills, are excellent at dealing with people, and are service-oriented.

Financial institutions hire candidates who are honest and trustworthy. They also look for people

who are able to calculate and balance numbers correctly. As the federal government regulates many

aspects of the banking industry, their employees are required to adhere to all the rules and regula-

tions that banks must follow.

Banking is a service industry. To succeed, you should enjoy working with people. Bank employees

enjoy dealing with people from all walks of life and in all kinds of financial shape.

Applicants interested in going into banking should have at least a high school diploma or a GED for

most entry-level positions. A college degree in accounting, finance, business, communications, eco-

nomics, marketing or computer science will assist the job applicant not only when initially hired, but

also when seeking promotions within the banking industry.

Banks offer many job duties and career path options. Most banking firms offer excellent benefits,

including medical insurance and disability insurance, sick leave and vacation, and retirement opti-

ons. Banking firms are highly regulated and supervised financial operations, making them safe, ple-

asant and rewarding places to work. These careers offer integrity and stability.

There are many opportunities to broaden your knowledge and skills at a bank. Most banks offer

on-the-job training and encourage you to further your education through a variety of courses, se-

minars and training programs. Banks often set up tuition assistance and reimbursement programs

for job-related coursework to help employees increase their capabilities for current and future po-

sitions. Many large banks have training departments dedicated to helping employees maximize their

skills and talents through in-bank educational programs.“2

Přečtěte si text a odpovězte na následující otázky:

1. What skills do you think a career in banking needs?

2. What education does banking career require?

3. What job benefits do most banking firms offer?

2 Bank Talent HQ. Why a career in banking? [online]. [cit. 16. 6. 2018]. Dostupné z: http://www.banktalenthq.com/job-

seeker/why-a-career-in-banking/

11 CHOOSING JOBS. WHAT CAN YOU EXPECT FROM A CAREER IN BANKING?

1.3 Present Simple and Present

Continuous

Úvodní cvičení k nastudování přítomného prostého času a přítomného průběhového času naleznete

na str. 9 učebnice, konkrétně cvičení 1-2. Princip tvorby a využití přítomného prostého času a pří-

tomného průběhového času si nastudujte na str. 119 v části Language Reference.

Kontrolní cvičení:

Přečtěte si následující věty, a pokud je potřeba, opravte je.

1. We usually go to a restaurant for lunch.

2. He don’t do anything special today.

3. I am wanting to meet your colleagues.

4. I have a few ideas.

5. She is an excellent employee.

6. He studys Business and Finance at college.

7. When do you leave work?

8. We is working together on this project.

9. Who pays your salary?

10. Who does you work for?

1. What do you think HR manager’s job involves?

2. What skills do you think a career in banking needs?

3. What is the difference between the form of a verb in the third person singular

and other forms in other persons in present simple?

4. How do you form a question in present simple and present continuous?

5. How do you form a negative sentence?

Literatura k tématu:

[1] Clark, R. Baker, D. Finance 1. Student’s Book, Oxford: Oxford University Press,

2015. 143 s. ISBN 978-0-19-456993-4., 2015.

Kapitola 2

Researching Financial

Employers. The Banking

Code.

Po prostudování kapitoly budete:

umět mluvit o práci v oblasti financí; vědět co je bankovní kód; umět používat formy gerundia a infinitivu.

Klíčová slova:

Acknowledge, apologize (for), cash machine/ATM, charge, compensation, complaint, current account, debt, deposit account, direct debit, earn, inconvenience, loyalty, mortgage, overdraft, save, secure, standing order, transaction, transfer, withdraw

V této kapitole budete pracovat s učebnicí Finance 1, kapitola 1, 2.

13 RESEARCHING FINANCIAL EMPLOYERS. THE BANKING CODE.

2.1 Researching financial employers


Začněte na str. 9 cvičením 1-3, kde si poslechnete 3 osoby, které mluví o tom, proč se vybrali kariéru

v oblasti financí.

“Top Ten Financial Services Companies to Work for

Glassdoor.com, a jobs and career community where people share information and opinions about

the places where they work, just unveiled its list of The Best Financial Services Companies To Work

For Right Now, which chart show companies have fared this year, based on employee sentiment.

Here are the top rated firms:

1.Susquehanna International Group

2.The World Bank

3.Master Card

4.ING Direct*

5.Goldman Sachs

6.GE Capital

7.Fidelity Investments

8.Standard Chartered Bank

9.PwC

10.American Express“3

Přečtěte si text a odpovězte na otázky:

1. What are the best international companies to work for in finance?

2. Find out more about the first three companies.

3 Forbes. The 10 best financial services companies to work for. In: Forbes [online]. Forbes Media LLC © 2018

[cit. 16. 6. 2018]. Dostupné z: https://www.forbes.com/pictures/efkk45elflh/the-10-best-financial-services-companies-

to-work-for/#4ca3a9ad3c4c


2.2 The banking code


Abytse byli u pohovoru úspěšní, je potřeba umět vysvětlit proč konkrétně chcete tuto práci. V časti

Speaking: Presenting your skills to an employer na str. 11 se zamyslete nad otázkami ve cvičení 1, 2

a 3 a diskutujte o nich. Užitečné výrazy naleznete na str. 11 v zeleném rámečku (Key words).

“British Bankers Association – BBA

The BBA is the leading trade association for the UK banking sector with 200 member banks headqu-

artered in over 50 countries with operations in 180 jurisdictions worldwide. Eighty percent of global

systemically important banks are members of the BBA. As the representative of the world’s largest

international banking cluster the BBA is the voice of UK banking.

The BBA’ network includes over 80 of the world’s leading financial and professional services orga-

nisation and its members manage more than £7 trillion in UK banking assets, employ nearly half a

million individuals nationally, contribute over £60 billion to the UK economy each year and lend over

£150 billion to UK businesses.

The Banking Code

The Code of Banking Practice is a set of promises outlining how a bank should conduct itself in its

dealings with customers, as well as specific requirements for banking services. Banks can choose to

sign up to the Code – it’s voluntary. When they do, they are promising to meet the Code’s standards

of good banking practice.

What does the Code cover?

It contains a range of obligations to customers and potential customers, including obligations rela-

ted to:

account suitability

terms and conditions

direct debits and chargebacks

privacy and confidentiality

joint debtors

guarantees

15 RESEARCHING FINANCIAL EMPLOYERS. THE BANKING CODE.

provision of credit

financial difficulty and debt collection

dispute resolution“4


1. What is the BBA?

2. What is the Banking Code?

3. Which services does the Code cover?

2.3 Suggestions and advice

Úvod do problematiky návrhů a rad naleznete na str. 15, a to ve cvičeních 1-3. Pokračujte na str. 120,

kde si v části Lanuage reference prostudujte způsoby vyjádření návrhů a rad.


Vyberte správné sloveso:

1. I think you should to borrow/borrow money to buy a car.

2. How about open/opening an online account?

3. Why don’t you apply/applying for the bank’s credit card?

4. Have you thought about to pay/paying your bills online?

5. Perhaps you could invest/to invest your money in shares?

6. The best thing to do is buy/to buy a new television.

7. Possibly you could borrow money to buy/buy a flat.

4 The Financial Ombudsman Service Australia. Code of Banking Practice. In: Financial Ombudsman Service [online]. FOS:

© 2018 [cit. 16. 6. 2018]. Dostupné z: https://www.fos.org.au/about-us/codes-of-practice/code-of-banking-

practice/#id=who-monitors


8. I think you should paying/pay the rent every month.

9. Why don’t you practice/practicing your English every day?

10. How about answer/answering the customer’s letter of complaint?

1. Name the best three companies to work for in finance.

2. What is the BBA?

3. What is the Banking Code?

4. What are the ways of expressing suggestions and advice in English?

5.



2015. 143 s. ISBN 978-0-19-456993-4., 2015.

Kapitola 3

Personal Finance.

Customer Complaints.


mluvit o osobních finančních službách; vypořádat se se stížnostmi zákazníků v angličtině; vyjádřit rady a názory.

Klíčová slova:

Career, complaint, deal with, lend, respond, withdraw



3.1 Personal finance


Začněte na str. 12 a udělejte cvičení na konverzaci 1-2. Pro rozšíření slovní zásoby pokračujte cviče-

ním 1, 2 Vocabulary na str. 12. Více cvičení naleznete také na str. 13 cvičení 3, a 1-2 v časti It’s my

job.

“What is 'Personal Finance'?

Personal finance is the science of handling money. It involves all financial decisions and

activities of an individual or household – the practices of earning, saving, investing and spending.

Matters of personal finance include the purchasing of financial products, like credit cards, life and

home insurance, mortgages and of course various investments and investment vehicles. Banking is

also considered a part of personal finance, including checking and savings accounts and 21st century

online or mobile payment services like PayPal and Venmo.

All individual financial activities fall under the purview of personal finance; personal financial plan-

ning generally involves analyzing your current financial position, predicting short-term and long-

term needs and executing a plan to fulfill those needs within individual financial constraints. It de-

pends on one's expenses, income, living requirements and individual goals and desires.

Among the most important aspects of personal finance are: assessing expected cash flow, buying

insurance, calculating and filing taxes, savings and investment, and retirement planning.“5


1. What is personal finance?

2. What are the most important aspects of personal finance?

5 Investopedia. Personal Finance. In: Invsetopedia [online]. Investopedia LLC 2018 [cit. 17. 6. 2018].

Dostupné z: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/personalfinance.asp

19 PERSONAL FINANCE. CUSTOMER COMPLAINTS.

3.2 Customer Complaints


Tato lekce se zabývá zákaznickým servisem, který často řeší nejrůznější stížnosti zákazníků a v závis-

losti na povaze problému a možnostech firmy poté navrhuje řešení. Užitečné fráze naleznete v učeb-

nici na str. 17 ve cvičení Vocabulary: Talking about customer service. Tyto fráze můžete procvičit ve

cvičeních 1-3 na stejné straně.

“5 Steps to Handling a Customer Complaint

Your employees may be turning customers away. Teach them these simple steps to navigate

through a customer service issue.

1. Listen and Understand. First, always listen to the customer. They are concerned about an aspect

of your services. Let go of the temptation to respond in any quick fashion. Take the time to

listen and truly understand what is driving their concern.

2. Empathize. Once you have listened to their concerns immediately empathize with their position

to create a bond between you and the customer so that they know you have heard their con-

cerns and are going to work with them to resolve the issue.

3. Offer a Solution. Offer a solution to their problem. In this regard, always focus on what you can

do as opposed to what you cannot. There is always a solution. It may not be exactly what they

are asking for, but if you focus on what you can do versus denying them their requested remedy

you have still offered a solution and often merely having another option is sufficient to remedy

the situation.

4. Execute the Solution. Solve their problem be it with their originally requested resolution or an

alternative you have proposed.

5. Follow-up. Once you have gone through the first four steps, make sure to follow-up with them

to make sure that they are satisfied with the solution and that you have taken care of their

concern.“6


1. What are the five steps to handling customer complaints in the text given?

6 SWYERS, Matthew. 5 steps to handling a customer complaint. In: INC [online]. Manuseto Ventures 2018

[cit. 18. 6. 2018] Dostupné z: https://www.inc.com/matthew-swyers/5-steps-to-handling-a-customer-complaint.html


2. Can you add other pieces of advice?

3.3 Requests and offers

Úvod do problematiky návrhů a rad naleznete na str. 21, a to ve cvičení 1. Pokračujte na str. 120,

kde si v části Language reference prostudujte způsoby vyjádřeni návrhů a rad. Poté se vraťte na

str. 21 a pokračujte cvičeními 2-4.


Vyberte správné sloveso:

1. I’d like you call/to call them back as soon as possible.

2. Would you contact/to contact the sales manager?

3. Can you remind/reminding me about the meeting?

4. Could you to send/send him an email?

5. Don’t forget to arrange/arrange the meeting.

6. Would you like me to talk/talking to the regional development officer?

7. Should I to let/let you know our decision?

8. Shall I send/sending those figures today?

9. Would you mind contacting/contact the secretary?

10. Can you to arrange/arrange a taxi for the project manager to pick him up at the airport?

11. Could you to help/help her fill in this application form?

1. What is personal finance?

2. What are the most important aspects of personal finance?

3. What ways of dealing with customer complaints do you know?

4. What are the ways of expressing requests and offers in English?

21 PERSONAL FINANCE. CUSTOMER COMPLAINTS.



2015. 143 s. ISBN 978-0-19-456993-4., 2015.

Kapitola 4

Company Financial

Services. Controlling

Business Expenses.


mluvit o finančních službách; mluvit o řízení výdajů; používat minulý čas prostý (Past Simple) a předpřítomný čas (Present Perfect); ptát se na důvod a příčinu.

Klíčová slova:

Company policies, expenses, financial services, marketing expenditure, profitability,

turnover


23 COMPANY FINANCIAL SERVICES. CONTROLLING BUSINESS EXPENSES.

4.1 Company financial services


Jděte na str. 20 a udělejte úvodní cvičení 1 (Countdown). Zamyslete se nad otázkami ve cvičení 2

a diskutujte o nich. Dále udělejte i cvičení na poslech 1 Listening: Scheduling appointments. Pro roz-

šíření slovní zásoby pokračujte cvičením 1 a 2 Vocabulary: Phrasal verbs for offioce tasks na str. 22,

kde si dále udělejte i cvičení na konverzaci Speaking: Making requests a na poslech Listening: A fi-

nance department and its service providers. Více cvičení naleznete také na str. 24 (v části Rea-

ding: Outsourcing financial services with words, cvičení 1-3).

“Financial services

Financial services can seem confusing – from the technical language, to the huge variety of sectors

and careers in finance.

Broadly, 'financial services' means the variety of products, services and facilities provided by the

finance industry, which covers a huge spread of organisations that manage money. These range

from providing bank accounts to individuals, to developing complex computer models to help

governments trade and raise money.

Every person, company or industry in the world needs services to help them manage their money,

protect them from unforeseen events or provide credit or loans. This is why financial services are so

important.

Financial career facts

£124.2bn: The amount financial services contributed in gross value to the UK economy in 2016

(Source: UK Parliament)

2.2m: The number of people employed in financial services and related sectors in the UK (Source:

TheCityUK)

363,800: The number of people employed in financial and professional services in London alone

(Source: City of London Corporation)


158: Number of banks incorporated in the UK (Source: Prudential Regulation Authority)”7


What does the term “financial services” mean?

Why financial services are important?

What is the number of people employed in financial services in the UK?

4.2 Controlling business expenses


Na úvod jděte na str. 25, kde si udělejte cvičení Speaking: controlling business expenses 1-3.

„Controlling business expenses

One of the key challenges for business of any size, is that of controlling expenses. It’s also one of the

daily challenges in our personal lives! Sort out your needs from your wants and give the needs

priority. The businesses that are best at controlling expenses are very clear about their business

strategy and have excellent financial records and systems in place. Here are a few useful tips that

should keep expenses down:

Have a clear strategy. If you are clear about the direction you want your business to také, you

will also have a clear idea of where you need to incur costs and what costs can be eliminated.

Outsource where you will get a positive financial benefit.

Have clear policies about who can order to what level in the business.

Have firm company policies about expenses such as travel: which agencies to use, what class,

car hire, hotel ratings, etc.

7 Financial Capability: My Financial Career. In: The London Institute of Banking and Finance [online]. The London Institute

of Banking & Finance: © 2018 [cit. 18. 6. 2018]. Dostupné z: https://www.libf.ac.uk/study/financial-capability/my-fi-

nancial-career


Lead by example. As the owner, you set the pace for how your people see spending in the

business. It may be your business, but how you conduct business spending is noticed by your

team!

Don’t stop spending on marketing when times are tough and sales are down. Spend more in

fact and spend less on other things. Just make sure that your marketing expenditure is the most

productive and sales focused it can be; so keep the data on the source of business/sales.

Take note of businesses that run on a low cost base and imitate them where you can.

Profitability, not turnover, determines business success. Teach your team to think that way as

well.

Banking. Make sure that you are getting the best bank rates and deals on everything: most

service and product costs are open to negotiation, so do deals for quantity.

Budget. Compare and contrast monthly expenses- actual to budgeted. This will ensure you

aren’t overspending and that your business is sticking to the plan. This will also assist with ge-

tting greater accuracy in your cash flow forecast.“8


1. Why is there a necessity for controlling business expenses?

2. What tips for controlling business turnover can you name?

3. What determines business success, turnover, or profitability, according to the text?

4.3 Describing change and cause

Pokud chceme mluvit o změnách v minulosti, používáme minulý čas prostý (Past Simple) a předpří-

tomný čas (Present Perfect). Minulý čas prostý se používá pro činnost, která se odehrála v nám

známý čas v minulosti a pro činnost, která začala v minulosti a skončila v minulosti. Předpřítomný

čas se používá pro činnost, která se sice odehrála v minulosti, ale nevíme kdy, nebo pro činnost,

která začala v minulosti, ale pokračuje nebo má nějaké důsledky v přítomnosti. Tuto problematiku

8 Tradies accountant. Controlling business expenses. In: Tradies Accountant. [online]. 9. 9. 2015 [cit. 18. 6. 2018]. Do-

stupné z: https://www.tradiesaccountant.com/controlling-business-expenses/


si nastudujte na str. 32, úvodní cvičení 1 a 2. Celý princip tvorby je pak vysvětlen na str. 122 v časti

Language reference. Pokud se chceme zeptat na příčinu a důvod proč se situace změnila, používáme

otázky typu:

What’s behind …?

What’s the reason for …?

How do you explain ?

Pro odpověď na tyto otázky používáme následující fráze:

This is due to …

This is the result of …

This is because of …


Doplňte do každé věty správný tvar slovesa, používejte minulý prostý nebo předpřítomný čas:

1. Last week he (be) very busy.

2. On Wednesday morning our customer (visit) our factory.

3. In the afternoon we (have) a very important meeting.

4. On Friday I (fly) to Berlin.

5. I (not find) a new job yet.

6. We already (make) an appointment.

7. What time they (arrive) yesterday?

8. She (join) the company in 2009.

9. I (work) for this company for 3 years.

10. The HR manager (not see) the CVs yet.


1. What does the term “financial services” mean?

2. Why are financial services important?

3. Why is there a necessity for controlling business expenses?

4. What tips for controlling business turnover can you name?

5. What is the difference in the usage of Past Simple and Present Perfect tenses?

6. Which phrases should one use in order to ask about the cause?

7. How to answer such questions?



2015. 143 s. ISBN 978-0-19-456993-4., 2015.

Kapitola 5

Economic Indicators.

A memo.


umět mluvit o ekonomických ukazatelích; vedet jak psát memorandum neboli interní sdělení v angličtině; umět vyjádřit predikce.

Klíčová slova:

Balance of trade, economic indicator, exchange rate, dramatically, fall, fluctuate,

gross domestic product (GDP), increase, inflation, interests rates, level off, reach

a peak, rise, sharply, slightly, steadily, unemployment rate, private sector

V této kapitole budete pracovat s učebnicí Finance 1, kapitola 3, 4, 5.

29 ECONOMIC INDICATORS. A MEMO.

5.1 Economic indicators


Jděte na str. 28 v učebnici a vypracujte úvodní cvičení 1-2 Countdown. Zamyslete se nad otázkami

a diskutujte o nich. Dále si udělejte i cvičení 1 Reading: interpreting data Pro rozšíření slovní zásoby

pokračujte cvičením 1-3 Vocabulary: describing trends 1 na str. 29, kde si dále udělejte i cvičení na

konverzaci, 1-3 Professional skills: tips for presentations.

“What is an 'Economic Indicator'?

An economic indicator is a piece of economic data, usually of macroeconomic scale that is used by

analysts to interpret current or future investment possibilities or to judge the overall health of an

economy. Economic indicators can be anything the investor chooses, but specific pieces of data

released by government and non-profit organizations have become widely followed. Such indicators

include, but aren't limited to the consumer price index (CPI), gross domestic product (GDP), unem-

ployment figures, and the price of crude oil.

Economic indicators are key statistics that indicate the direction of an economy. While the indicators

can be numerous, there are three broad categories of economic indicators: leading indicators, coin-

cident indicators and lagging indicators.

Problems With Economic Indicators

An economic indicator is only useful if one interprets it correctly. History has shown strong correla-

tions between economic growth, as measured by GDP, and corporate profit growth. However,

determining whether a specific company may grow its earnings based on one indicator of GDP is

nearly impossible. Indicators provide signs along the road, but the best investors utilize many eco-

nomic indicators, combining them to glean insight into looking patterns and verifications within

multiple sets of data.“9


1. What does economic indicator mean?

2. Name some of the economic indicators.

9 Investopedia. Economic Indicator. In: Invsetopedia [online]. Investopedia LLC 2018 [cit. 18. 6. 2018]. Dostupné z:

https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/economic_indicator.asp


3. How important is to interpret economic indicators correctly?

5.2 A memo


V dnešní době se velká část komunikace v práci a v kanceláři odehrává také formou interního sdělení

– memoranda. Cvičení zabývající se touto problematikou naleznete na str. 26. Zaměřte se na otázky

ve cvičení 2 a diskutujte o nich. Užitečné fráze naleznete v zeleném rámečku Key words na str. 27.

“How to Write a Memo

1. Type “MEMORANDUM” at the top of the page. State that this document is a memorandum at

the outset. Label the page “MEMORANDUM” 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) from the top of the page. Put

the word in bold on the first line. You can either center it on this line or left-align it. You might

also choose to make the font larger for this word. Double space between this line and the next

line of the heading.

2. Address the recipient appropriately. A memo is a formal business communication, and you

should address the reader formally as well. Use a full name and title of the person to whom you

are sending the memo. If you are sending a memo to the entire staff, you might write: “TO: All

Employees.”

3. Add additional recipients in the CC line. The “CC” line indicates who will receive a “Courtesy

Copy” of the memo. This is not the person to whom the memo is directed. Rather, this is so-

meone who may need to stay informed about policies or issues that you’re addressing in the

memo.

4. Write your name in the “From” line. The heading needs to include who is writing and sending

the memo. Your full name and job title go in this line.

5. Include the date. Write the complete date, spelling out the month and including the date and

year. For example, write: “DATE: January 5, 2015” or “DATE: 5 January 2015.”

6. Choose a specific phrase for the subject line. The subject line gives the reader an idea of what

the memo is about. Be specific, but concise.

31 ECONOMIC INDICATORS. A MEMO.

For example, instead of writing, “Ants,” for the subject, be more specific by writing, “Ant Problem

in the Office.”10


1. Does a memo make clear to whom is it intended?

2. Does it need a short subject heading that makes it clear what the memo is about?

3. Does a memo present information in all the details?

5.3 Predictions: probability

Pro vyjádření předpovědi můžeme použít několik variant. Mezi ně patří tvorba budoucnosti pomocí

will, should, could, may. Začněte na str. 37 v učebnici, cvičení 1-2, tvorbu a použití dále naleznete

souhrnně vysvětlené na str. 122 v části Grammar reference.


Tvořte věty:

1. Perhaps / the CEO / visit the office this afternoon

2. I am sure / we / finish the project tomorrow

3. Perhaps / the secretary / know where the meeting is

4. In ten years’ time / I / look for a different job

5. I hopes / I / be a manager by then.

6. Employees / expect / more flexibility from their companies in future.

7. In the future / employees / retire at the age of 70.

10 WikiHow. How to Write a Memo. In: WikiHow [online]. [cit. 18. 5. 2018]. Dostupné z: https://www.wiki-

how.com/Write-a-Memo


1. What does the term economic indicator mean?

2. Give examples of economic indicators.

3. How to write a memo?

4. What are the ways of expressing predictions in English?

Literatura k tématu: [1] Clark, R. Baker, D. Finance 1. Student’s Book, Oxford: Oxford University Press,

2015. 143 s. ISBN 978-0-19-456993-4., 2015.

Kapitola 6

Presenting Figures.

Explaining Trends and

their Causes.


obeznámeni se způsoby prezentování číselných údajů; obeznámeni s trendy na trhu chytrých telefonů; umět uvést informace do kontrastu.

Klíčová slova:

Balance of trade, decrease, fall, fluctuate, level off, pitfall, plunge, reach a peak, rise,

bar charts, line charts, pie charts, saturation level, question at hand



6.1 Presenting Figures


Úvodní cvičení 1 a 2 na str. 30 jsou poslechová. Nejdůležitější fráze naleznete v učebnici na str. 35

v zeleném rámečku Key words.

“Presenting financial reports: turning numbers into information

Avoid the following pitfalls of reporting numbers and financial information and you’ll be well ahead

of the game when trying to turn numbers into information:

Listing numbers as just that — long lists of numbers

Not varying the graphics and visualization techniques to use the best method to transmit

information

Presenting the numbers in the language of the presenter and not in the language of the

audience

Using too many or too few colors so that the critical information gets lost in the background

Throwing in data and information that isn’t important to the point being conveyed to the

audience

Not knowing what you’re really trying to communicate to the audience

Not using stories or analogies to create a better understanding of the numbers (not always

possible, but very effective if you can pull it off)

The best way to show financial information is to get graphical and use good visual presentation

techniques. The most common forms for showing financial data are

Line charts: best for showing trends over time

Bar charts: best for showing comparisons

Pie charts: best for showing relative comparisons

35 PRESENTING FIGURES. EXPLAINING TRENDS AND THEIR CAUSES.

Using colors to show different graphical elements of financial information is also a good way to show

or highlight comparative information. Just remember that too many colors can be just as confusing

as not using any at all. Your charts have to be easy to understand at a quick glance.“11


1. What are the typical mistakes in presenting figures?

2. What is the best way to present financial information?

6.2 Explaining trends and their causes


Jděte na str. 30 a udělejte si cvičení 1-2 Vocabulary: Describing trends 2. Poté si udělejte cvičení na

str. 32 Speaking: explaining trends and their causes, pokračujte na str. 109 a 117 kde se zamyslete

nad otázkami ve cvičení 1 a 2 a diskutujte o nich.

“Have We Reached Peak Smartphone?

According to the latest estimates from market research firm IDC, a worldwide total of 1,472 million

smartphones were shipped in 2017, virtually unchanged from the 1,473 million units shipped in the

previous year.

With smartphone penetration reaching saturation levels in many regions and (real) technological

advances becoming rarer and less obvious to the average user, it was only a matter of time before

the market reached this point. The question at hand being whether things will start going downhill

from here. The fact that shipments declined by a more significant 6 percent in the fourth quarter of

2017, could be seen as a sign of worse things to come in 2018.

11 HANNABARGER, Charles, BUCHMAN, Frederick and Peter ECONOMY. Presenting Financial Reports: Turning Numbers

Into Information. In: Dummies [online]. [cit. 17. 5. 2018]. Dostupné z: http://www.dummies.com/business/accoun-

ting/presenting-financial-reports-turning-numbers-into-information/


"With ultra-high-end flagships all the rage in 2017, many of these new bezel-less wonders proved

to be more of a luxury than a necessity among upgrades”, IDC research manager Anthony Scarcella

says about the iPhone X and other recent smartphone releases. Trying to convince consumers of

paying even loftier prices for the latest and supposedly greatest devices could be the best if not the

only way for Apple, Samsung and the like to maintain a level of growth going forward.“12


1. How many smartphones were shipped in 2017, according to the latest research?

2. Have the shipments declined or raised in the fourth quarter of 2017?

3. Is it a good or bad sign for 2018?

4. What does Anthony Scarcella say about the recent smartphone releases?

12 RICHTER, Felix. Have We Reached Peak Smartphone? In: Statista [online]. 5. 2. 2018 [cit. 18. 6. 2018]. Dostupné z:

https://www.statista.com/chart/12798/global-smartphone-shipments/

37 PRESENTING FIGURES. EXPLAINING TRENDS AND THEIR CAUSES.

6.3 Contrasting information

Pokud chceme uvést informace do kontrastu, používáme slova: but, although, though, even though,

despite (the fact), in spite of (the fact), however. Na úvod jděte na str. 47 v učebnici a udělejte si

cvičení 1-2. Detailnější vysvětlení pak naleznete na str. 123 v části Grammar reference.


Doplňte slovo ve správném tvaru:

1. We have finished the project ____ it wasn’t easy.

2. I didn't pass the test ____ I had studied all night.

3. ____ he isn't paid very well, Max doesn't leave his job.

4. ____ his poor salary, he doesn't leave his job.

5. He isn't paid very well. ____, he doesn't leave his job.

6. ____ the initial delay, we reached Boston on time.

7. We are satisfied with your deliveries. ____, your customer service should improve.

8. ____ our satisfaction with your deliveries, your customer service should improve.

9. He passed the test. ............................, he didn't get the job.

10. ____ I did well at the interview I didn’t get the job.

1. What are the typical mistakes in presenting figures?

2. What is the best way to present financial information?

3. Explain the recent trends in the smartphone market.

4. Which expressions are used to contrast information in English?



2015. 143 s. ISBN 978-0-19-456993-4., 2015.

Kapitola 7

Investing in Emerging

Markets. Interpreting

Data. Presenting Data.


obeznámeni s problémy investování na vznikajících trzích; umět prezentovat údaje v angličtině; umět používat infinitiv a gerundium.

Klíčová slova:

Decrease, dramatically, increase, inflation, interest rates, reach peak, rise, private

sector, sharply, steadily, turmoil

39 INVESTING IN EMERGING MARKETS. INTERPRETING DATA. PRESENTING DATA.


7.1 Investing in emerging markets


Na úvod jděte na str. 32 v učebnici a udělejte si cvičení 1 Reading: An analyst’s report: Kazakhstan.

Cvičení 2 na str. 33 shrnuje základní informace o aktuálním vývoji v Kazachstánu. Zamyslete se nad

otázkami k textu.

“Emerging Markets Are Worrying Investors, Again

Add a familiar item to the list of worries for investors: turmoil in the emerging markets.

Turkey’s central bank lifted interest rates sharply Wednesday, an emergency measure aimed at

stopping the riptide of capital pouring out of the country in recent days. The central bank announced

that it would raise a key borrowing rate by 3 percentage points, to 16.5 percent, after Turkey’s lira

dropped by as much as 5 percent during the day. In currency markets, moves of even 1 percent are

viewed as exceptionally large.

Argentina made a similar move this month after investors abruptly lost faith in the government’s

reform efforts. The Argentine peso plunged more than 20 percent, before the central bank lifted

interest rates to 40 percent. The government is now negotiating a bailout package with the Interna-

tional Monetary Fund.

The question on the minds of investors: Is this the start of a bust that could shake the world

economy, similar to those that battered Russia, South Korea, Mexico and most of Southeast Asia in

recent decades? Or is this merely a market hiccup, akin to the temporary setback that hit emerging

markets in 2013?


A checkered history of booms and busts hasn’t stopped investors from pouring trillions of dollars

into emerging markets in recent years, lured by the promise of higher rates of return than safer bets

in the United States, Europe and Japan.“13


1. Why do the emerging markets worry investors, according to the given text?

2. Turmoils in which countries are described in the given text?

7.2 Interpreting data. Presenting data

Začněte na str. 28 v učebnici úvodním textem ke cvičení 1. Pro rozšíření slovní zásoby pokračujte

cvičeními 1, 2, 3 (Describing trends 1) na str. 29, dále si projděte i cvičení na konverzaci (cvičení 1, 2,

3 – Professional skills) a na poslech (Presenting figures, cvičení 1 a 2 na str. 30). Projděte si cvičení

1-4 na str. 31.

7.3 Verb patterns: infinitive, gerund

Projděte si a zopakujte základní pravidla, kdy se v angličtině používá gerundium a kdy infinitiv

(s to/holý) v učebnici na str. 123 v části Grammar reference. Udělejte cvičení 1, 2, 3 na str. 65.

Kontrolní cvičení

Doplňte správný tvar:

1. The bank refused ____ (lend) them money.

2. We decided ____ (invest) in a new system.

13 PHILLIPS, Matt and LANDON, Thomas Jr. Emerging Markets Are Worrying Investors, Again. In: The New York Times.

[online]. 23. 5. 2018 [cit. 18. 6. 2018]. Dostupné z: https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/23/business/emerging-markets-

investors.html

41 INVESTING IN EMERGING MARKETS. INTERPRETING DATA. PRESENTING DATA.

3. As far as I know they agreed ____ (do) it.

4. He needs ____ (convince) the bank.

5. The business plan allows us ____ (see) if we are meeting the deadlines.

Doplňte:

1. Unfortunately, we can't afford _____ (buy) a new car this year.

2. We advised her ____ (take) a taxi instead of walking to the restaurant.

3. Don't hesitate _____ (ask) for help if you don't understand something.

4. She waited ____ (see) what would happen next.

5. He refused (admit) that she had made a mistake.

6. I waited ____ (see) what would happen next, but nothing happened.

7. Mary plans ____ (take) part in the new project.

8. The doctor advised ____ (see) a specialist about the problem.

9. (read) ____ is a great way to relax.

10. I expect ____ (finish) my studies next summer.

1. What are the reasons for investing in emerging markets?

2. What are the reasons for investors to worry?

3. What are the most common mistakes in presenting data?

4. When do we use gerunds and infinitives?



2015. 143 s. ISBN 978-0-19-456993-4., 2015.

Kapitola 8

Economic Cycles. The IMF

and World Bank.


obeznámeni s hospodářským cyklem a jeho fázemi; vědět o Mezinárodním měnovém fondu a o Svetově bance; umět vyjádřit možný výsledek dějů pomocí podmiňovacího způsobu.

Klíčová slova:

Boom, buoyant, capacity, contract, cool, crash, decline, depression, downturn,

experience, infrastructure, go bankrupt, grow, recession, recruit, recovery, slow

down, sluggish, slump, stimulate, suffer, upturn


43 ECONOMIC CYCLES. THE IMF AND WORLD BANK.

8.1 Economic cycles


Začněte na str. 36 úvodním cvičením 1-3 Countdown. Zamyslete se nad otázkami ve cvičení 2 a 3 a

diskutujte o nich. Pro rozšíření slovní zásoby pokračujte cvičením 1-2 na str. 36 v časti Speaking:

recession and recovery, a 3-5 na str. 37, kde si dále udělejte i cvičení na konverzaci.

“What Is the Business Cycle?

The business cycle is the natural rise and fall of economic growth that occurs over time. The cycle

is a useful tool for analyzing the economy. It can also help you make better financial decisions.

Each business cycle has four phases. They are expansion, peak, contraction, and trough. They don’t

occur at regular intervals. But they do have recognizable indicators.

Expansion is between the trough and the peak. That's when the economy is growing. Gross domes-

tic product, which measures economic output, is increasing. The GDP growth rate is in the healthy

2 to 3 percent range. Unemployment reaches its natural rate of 4.5 to 5 percent. Inflation is nearing

its 2 percent target. The stock market is in a bull market. A well-managed economy can remain in

the expansion phase for years. That's called a Goldilocks economy. The expansion phase nears its

end when the economy overheats. That's when the GDP growth rate is greater than 3 percent. In-

flation is greater than 2 percent and may reach the double digits. Investors are in a state of "irratio-

nal exuberance." That's when they create asset bubbles.

The peak is the second phase. It is the month when the expansion transitions into the contraction

phase.

The third phase is contraction. It starts at the peak and ends at the trough. Economic growth wea-

kens. GDP growth falls below 2 percent. When it turns negative, that is what economists call a re-

cession. Mass layoffs make headline news. The unemployment rate begins to rise. It doesn’t happen

until toward the end of the contraction phase because it's a lagging indicator. Businesses wait to

hire new workers until they are sure the recession is over. Stocks enter a bear market as investors

sell.


The trough is the fourth phase. That's the month when the economy transitions from the con-

traction phase to the expansion phase. It's when the economy hits bottom. The business

cycle's four phases can be so severe that they’re also called the boom and bust cycle.“14


1. What is the business cycle?

2. How many stages are there in the business cycle?

3. What stages of the cycle can you name?

8.2 The IMF and World Bank

Začněte poslechem na str. 38 a udělejte cvičení 1-4 Listening: „The Great Depression“. Pokračujte

cvičením Reading: Managing the world economy na stejné straně. Poté se zaměřte na poslechové

cvičení 1-3 na str. 39 It’s my job: The faces behind the IMF.


“The IMF at a Glance

Why the IMF was created and how it works?

The IMF, also known as the Fund, was conceived at a UN conference in Bretton Woods, New

Hampshire, United States, in July 1944. The 44 countries at that conference sought to build a

framework for economic cooperation to avoid a repetition of the competitive devaluations that had

contributed to the Great Depression of the 1930s.

The IMF's responsibilities: The IMF's primary purpose is to ensure the stability of the international

monetary system—the system of exchange rates and international payments that enables countries

14 AMADEO, Kimberly. What is the Business Cycle? In: The Balance [online]. 29. 5. 2018 [cit. 19. 6. 2018]. Dostupné z:

https://www.thebalance.com/what-is-the-business-cycle-3305912

45 ECONOMIC CYCLES. THE IMF AND WORLD BANK.

(and their citizens) to transact with each other. The Fund's mandate was updated in 2012 to include

all macroeconomic and financial sector issues that bear on global stability.“15

“The World Bank

The World Bank Group is one of the world’s largest sources of funding and knowledge for developing

countries. Its five institutions share a commitment to reducing poverty, increasing shared prospe-

rity, and promoting sustainable development.

The Mission

To end extreme poverty: by reducing the share of the global population that lives in extreme poverty

to 3 percent by 2030.

To promote shared prosperity: by increasing the incomes of the poorest 40 percent of people in

every country.“16


1. What is the IMF?

2. When it was founded?

3. What are the IMF’s responsibilities?

4. What do you know about the World Bank?

5. What are the World Bank’s missions?

8.3 Describing consequences

Když chceme vyjádřit možný výsledek nějakých dějů, používáme podmiňovací způsob. Úvodní infor-

mace k tomuto gramatickému jevu naleznete na str. 71. Detailnější popis pak najdete na str. 124

v části Grammar reference.

15 International Monetary Bank [online]. [cit. 17. 6. 2018]. Dostupné z: http://www.imf.org/en/About

16 The World Bank [online]. The World Bank Group: ©2018 [cit. 19. 6. 2018] Dostupné z:

http://www.worldbank.org/en/who-we-are



Doplňte věty:

1. If you (send) send this letter now, she (receive) it tomorrow.

2. If I (do) this test, I (improve) my English.

3. If they (study / not) harder, they (pass / not) the exam.

4. If she (earn) a lot of money, she (fly) to New York.

5. If he (forget) his homework, the teacher (give) her a low mark.

6. If we (travel) to London, we (visit) the museums.

7. If it (be) a sunny day tomorrow, we might (have) a pool party.

8. If we (hurry), we might (catch) the early train.

9. If you (get) a new job, you should really (buy) nicer clothes!

10. If you (be) nice to me, I may (buy) you a gift when I'm in Peru.

1. What is the business cycle?

2. How many stages are there in the business cycle? Which are they?

3. What is the IMF?

4. What is the World Bank?

5. When do you use first conditionals?

6. How do you form first conditionals?



2015. 143 s. ISBN 978-0-19-456993-4., 2015.

Kapitola 9

Economic Sector. Regional

Development Agencies.


mluvit o hospodářských odvětvích; mluvit o regionálních rozvojových agenturách; používat podmiňovací způsob.

Klíčová slova:

Account for, agriculture, demand, developed economy, emerging economy, evalu-

ate, heavy industry, light industry, locate, logistics, manufacturing, mining, natural

resources, primary sector, raw materials, retailing, secondary sector, service sector,

shortage, strength, weakness, workforce



9.1 Economic sector


Začněte na str. 44 v učebnici úvodním cvičením 1 a zaměřte se na cvičení 1-4. Pro rozšíření slovní

zásoby pokračujte cvičením 1-4 Vocabulary: industries and sectors na str. 44-45.

“Sectors of the economy

The three main sectors of the economy are:

Primary sector – extraction of raw materials – mining, fishing and agriculture.

Secondary / manufacturing sector – concerned with producing finished goods, e.g. factories making

toys, cars, food, and clothes.

Service / ‘tertiary’ sector – concerned with offering intangible goods and services to consumers.

This includes retail, tourism, banking, entertainment and I.T. services.

A primitive economy will primarily be based on the primary sector – with most people employed in

agriculture and the production of food. As an economy develops, improved technology enables less

labour to be needed in the primary sector and allows more workers to produce manufactured go-

ods. Further development enables the growth of the service sector and leisure activities.“17


1. What are the three economic sectors mentioned in the text?

2. Where do most of the people in your country work?

17 PETTINGER, Tejvan. Sectors of the Economy. In: Economics Help [online]. 19. 7. 2017 [cit. 19. 6. 2018]. Dostupné z:

https://www.economicshelp.org/blog/12436/concepts/sectors-economy/

49 ECONOMIC SECTOR. REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES.

9.2 Regional development agencies


Úvodní text naleznete na str. 50 v učebnici, cvičení 2 It’s my job. Zaměřte se také na diskuzi týkající

se otázek ve cvičení 1 a 3. Slovní zásobu si procvičíte na str. 51 v zeleném rámečku Key words. Udě-

lejte si dále i cvičení na konverzaci 1-2 Speaking: The road to development.

“Regional development agency of South Bohemia RERA

RERA began operating in 1999 with the objective to support economic, social and cultural develop-

ment of South Bohemian Region. Since its foundation, RERA has been systematically strengthening

the position in the preparation and implementation of EU projects, becoming the center providing

specialized services to local/regional government, non-profit organizations as well as the entrepre-

neurial sector. Experience gained enables a successful implementation of more and more internati-

onal projects.

The agency utilizes a professional team providing a broad portfolio of supporting services that are

primarily adjusted to the specific conditions of the South Bohemian Region. RERA especially focuses

on:

administration of the EU and the Czech national grants;

elaboration of own project proposals and participation in the EU programmes (Cross Boarder

Cooperation Czech Republic – Austria, Central Europe – InoPlaCe, INTERREG IIIA, IIIC – MATEO,

IVC – Innovation 4 Welfare, INNOVAGE) and in the European Commission programmes (EDII –

SEE Platform);

consultancy on projects preparation and implementation;

ensuring the activities of Small Projects Fund under the Programme of Cross Boarder Coopera-

tion Czech Republic – Austria;

elaboration of strategic documents (strategic plans for cities, micro-regions, municipalities; di-

fferent thematic development strategies, e.g. regional innovation strategy);

entrepreneurial and innovation support;


elaboration of Feasibility Studies and Cost Benefit Analysis.“18


1. What is the objective of the regional development agency?

2. What does the agency focus on?

9.3 First and second conditionals

Když chceme vyjádřit možný výsledek nějakých dějů či pokud mluvíme o nereálných situacích, pou-

žíváme podmínková souvětí. Začněte na str. 78 cvičeními 1-5. Tvorbu a použití těchto podmínkových

souvětí naleznete na str. 124 v části Grammar reference.


Doplňte věty:

1. If I (be) you, I (get) a new job.

2. If he (be) younger, he (travel) more.

3. If you (have) a better job, we (be) able to buy a new car.

4. If I leave now, I (arrive) in New York by 8:00 PM.

5. If he (call) you, you (answer) the phone?

6. She (call) him if she (have) his number.

7. If you (help) me with my homework, I (finish) it in time to go to the cinema.

8. If the government (fine) those who pollute the atmosphere, some factories (stop) throwing waste

into rivers.

9. If people (share) their cars to go to work, there (not/be) so many car fumes.

18 Regional Development Agency of South Bohemia RERA. In: Innovage [online]. MZČR: ©2010 [cit. 19. 6. 2018]. Do-

stupné z: http://www.innovage-project.eu/partner/regional-development-agency-south-bohemia-rera

51 ECONOMIC SECTOR. REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES.

10. I (not/do) that if I (be) you.

1. What types of economic sectors do you know?

2. What is the objective of the regional development agency?

3. When are the second and third conditionals used?

4. How to form the second and third conditionals?

5. Which type of conditional do you use when you talk about possible situations?

6. Which type of conditional do you use when you talk about an unlikely result of a situ-

ation?



2015. 143 s. ISBN 978-0-19-456993-4., 2015.

Kapitola 10

Primary Sector.

Investment decisions.


seznámeni s primarním sektorem; umět mluvit o investičních rozhodnutích; umět tvořit trpný rod.

Klíčová slova:

Agriculture, capital expenditure, demand, heavy industry, light industry, logistics,

manufacturing, mining, natural resources, raw materials, revenue expenditure, work-

force

V této kapitole budete pracovat s učebnicí Finance 1, kapitola 6, 10

53 PRIMARY SECTOR. INVESTMENT DECISIONS.

10.1 Primary Sector


Začněte na str. 44 a udělejte si cvičení 1-4 Countdown, kde se zamyslete nad otázkami ve cvičení

1 až 4. Pro rozšíření slovní zásoby pokračujte cvičením Vocabulary: Industries and sectors 1, 2 a 3.

Na str. 45 si dále udělejte i cvičení zaměřené na porozumění textu (Reading) 4-5. Výrazy, které Vám

pomohou, naleznete na str. 51 v zeleném rámečku Key words.

“The Economy of the UK

In 2015, the economy of the UK was the second largest in Europe — trailing only Germany — and

number five in the world by GDP, totaling 2.848 trillion USD in 2015. While this number is

doubtlessly impressive, it does not tell the whole story.

Still important to the economy: industry and agriculture

Despite the decline in the past years, the manufacturing sector still plays an important role in the

UK’s economy and manages to contribute 21% to the GDP. The UK is the world’s eleventh biggest

manufacturing nation and some of the industries located or headquartered in the UK are of major

importance on a global scale, particularly the civil and military aerospace industry (BAE Systems,

Rolls Royce) and pharmaceuticals (GlaxoSmithKline, AstraZeneca).

Furthermore, the automotive and construction industries are among the largest employers of UK

residents, employing nearly five million people between them. Mining also contributes its share to

the economy of the UK. The nation’s coal, gas, and oil reserves are of great importance, but declining

in quantity — the UK has had to rely on energy imports since around the middle of the past decade.

With less than 1% agriculture may be the least important sector in terms of GDP contribution, but

it is still of vital importance for Britain and Northern Ireland. As agriculture is not only highly mecha-

nized and intensive, but also very effective, the men and women working in the primary sector are

able to produce enough to meet about 60% of the food demand of the entire nation.“19


1. What place did the UK‘s economy occupy in Europe in 2015, according to the text?

19 InterNations. The Economy of the UK: An Overview. InterNations [online]. [cit. 19. 6. 2018]. Dostupné z:

https://www.internations.org/great-britain-expats/guide/29457-economy-finance/the-economy-of-the-uk-an-over-

view-16160


2. What role does the manufacturing play in the UK economy?

10.2 Investment decisions


Jděte na str. 48 a udělejte si cvičení 1, kde se zamyslete nad otázkami, poté si udělejte cvičení na po-

slech Listening: Investment decisions 2-4.

“Key Issues in Making Investment Decisions

If a business wishes to grow, it needs to invest. The cash spent on investment in a business is

normally referred to as "capital expenditure". This can be contrasted with spending on day-to-day

operations (e.g. paying for materials and staff costs) which is known as "revenue expenditure".

The distinction between capital and revenue expenditure is quite an important one. The main diffe-

rence is that capital expenditure is on non-current assets which have an "economic life" in the

business – they are intended to be kept, rather than sold or turned into products.

There are several reasons why a business needs to invest in capital expenditure:

to add extra production capacity

to replace worn-out, broken or obsolete machinery and equipment

to support the introduction of new products and production processes

to implement improved IT systems

to comply with changing legislation & regulations“20

20 Key Issues in Making Investment Decisions. In: tutor2u [online]. [cit. 20. 6. 2018]. Dostupné z: https://www.tu-

tor2u.net/business/reference/key-issues-in-making-investment-decisions

55 PRIMARY SECTOR. INVESTMENT DECISIONS.


1. What is capital expenditure?

2. What is revenue expenditure?

3. Explain the reasons why a business needs to invest in capital expenditure.

10.3 Forecasting

Když chceme vyjádřit prognózu, používáme slovesa: expect a forecast v činném a trpném rodě; a

výrazy: be bound to, should, be unlikely to, no chance of. Začněte na str. 88 cvičeními 1-3. Poté

pokračujte cvičením 4 – poslech. Tvorbu a použití činného a trpného rodu naleznete na str. 125

v části Grammar reference.


Přepište věty do trpného rodu:

1. She (expect) to break the world record.

2. They (be bound) to succeed.

3. It is highly unlikely that the company (expand).

4. Someone (be) likely (punish) them.

5. They (be) unlikely (return) on Sunday.

6. The building of the new office (be bound) to be over this month.

7. They (expect) to come from the South.

1. What role does the manufacturing play in the UK’s economy?

2. What role does the manufacturing play in the economy of the Czech Republic?

3. How do you form the passive voice?

4. What expressions are usually used with the passive voice?



2015. 143 s. ISBN 978-0-19-456993-4., 2015.

Kapitola 11

Secondary Sector.

Competing in the Global

Economy.


mluvit o sekundárním sektoru; shrnout silné a slabé stránky ekonomiky; používat when k popisu pořadí událostí a průběhu ukončené akce.

Klíčová slova:

Developed economy, emerging economy, evaluate, light industry, locate, primitive

economy, secondary sector, shortage, strength, tertiary sector, weakness


57 SECONDARY SECTOR. COMPETING IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY.

11.1 Secondary sector


“Manufacturing – Secondary sector

The manufacturing sector takes raw materials and converts them into finished products. The manu-

facturing sector is concerned with using raw materials from the primary sectors, such as iron and

coke and the production of finished goods, such as cars. These manufactured goods can then be

sold in the tertiary sector.

Examples of the manufacturing sector: small workshops producing pots, artisan production; mills

producing textiles, factories producing steel, chemicals, plastic, cars; food production such as

brewing plants, and food processing; oil refinery.

Economic development and manufacturing

A primitive economy will rely on the primary sector; economic development allows more refine-

ment of raw materials to produce goods and services with greater value added. To manufacture

goods requires greater human capital, and also better technology to be able to make use of raw

materials and produce a finished good.

Industrial revolution

The UK economy was primarily based on agriculture until the eighteenth century. However, the

development of new technologies like the steam engine enabled a rapid industrialisation and the

growth of the secondary sector. The economic development encouraged people to leave the land

and go and work in the new factories springing up across the UK. The manufacturing sector became

the biggest employer and also the biggest component of the UK‘s economy.“21


1. What are the three sectors discussed in the text?

2. What is a secondary sector?

3. Provide examples of the manufacturing sector.

21 Economics Help. Manufacturing. Secondary Sector. In: Economics Help [online]. [cit. 19. 6. 2018]. Dostupné z:

https://www.economicshelp.org/concepts/manufacturing-secondary-sector/


4. How did the development of new technologies enable industrialization?

11.2 Competing in the global economy

Úvod do problematiky naleznete na str. 46 učebnice, a to ve cvičení Reading “Competing in the

global economy”. Na úvod si udělejte cvičení 1-2, přečtěte si texty na str. 46 a 110 a vyplňte tabulku.

Cvičení 2 shrnuje základní silné a slabé stránky ekonomiky Spojeného království. Cvičení 3 na str. 47

shrnuje základní silné a slabé stránky ekonomiky Číny.

11.3 Time clauses: describing stages of

a process with when

Pokud chceme popsat pořadí událostí, používáme spojku when: “When I finish work, I will let you

know.” Pokud mluvíme o průběhu akce, která musí být ukončená, používáme when + Předpřítomný

čas + will: “When I have finished the work, I will put my papers away.” Úvodní cvičení k problematice

naleznete na str. 94, konkrétně cvičení 1-2. Pokračujte na str. 125, kde si v části Grammar reference

prostudujte tento gramatický jev.


Doplňte sloveso ve správném tvaru:

1. We (meet) the team when they (arrive) at the station.

2. The police (catch) the criminal when he (make) a mistake.

3. When I (go) to Paris I (meet) my old friends.

4. When I (find) out my results, I (call) you.

5. When we (sell) our house, we (buy) a new flat.

1. What are the three economic sectors?

2. What is the secondary sector?

59 SECONDARY SECTOR. COMPETING IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY.

3. What are, in your opinion, the key strengths of the economy of the Czech Repub-

lic?

4. What is the difference between using when + Present Simple and when + Present

Perfect?



2015. 143 s. ISBN 978-0-19-456993-4., 2015.

Kapitola 12

Tertiary Sector. Services.


popsat terciární sektor; umět používat a tvořit třetí typ podmínkových vět.

Klíčová slova:

Comprise, developed economy, retail industry, service sector, tertiary sector.


61 TERTIARY SECTOR. SERVICES.

12.1 Tertiary sector. Services


“Tertiary – service sector of the economy

The service sector is comprised of firms offering ‘intangible goods’ such as entertainment, retail,

insurance, tourism and banking. The service sector will make use of manufactured goods, but there

is an additional component of offering a service to customers.

In a developed economy like the UK, the service sector is the biggest component of the economy,

comprising nearly 80% of GDP and a similar ratio of employment. In the US, the service sector

comprises 70% of the workforce.

In the UK, the main sectors of the service sector include: retail industry, computer and I. T. services,

hotels and tourism services, restaurants and cafes, transport, communication, banking services,

insurance services, pension services, food and beverage services, postal services.“22


1. What is the tertiary sector?

2. What role does the tertiary sector play in the UK?

12.2 Should have done and third

conditional

Úvodní cvičení k problematice třetího typu podmínkových vět naleznete na str. 103 učebnice, kon-

krétně cvičení 1-2. Pokračujte na str. 125, kde si v části Grammar reference prostudujte tvorbu a po-

užití tohoto typu podmínkových vět.

22 Economics Help. Manufacturing. Secondary Sector. In: Economics Help [online]. [cit. 19. 6. 2018]. Dostupné z:

https://www.economicshelp.org/tertiary-service-sector/



Doplňte slovo ve správném tvaru:

1. He (miss) the train if he (oversleep). (=regret)

2. If you (study) harder, you (pass) the exam. (=criticism)

3. If you (drive) more carefully, you (not have) an accident. (=criticism)

4. If you (save) your money, you (buy) a computer. (=criticism)

5. If it (snow), we (go) skiing. (=regret)

Shrnutí gramatiky najdete v učebnici Finance 1 na str. 119 - 125.

1. What is the tertiary sector?

2. What role does the tertiary sector play in the UK?

3. What role does the tertiary sector play in the Czech Republic?

4. How do we form the third conditional?

5. Explain the difference in the usage of the three types of conditionals.



2015. 143 s. ISBN 978-0-19-456993-4., 2015.

[2] OXENDEN, Clive, LATHAM-KOENIG, Christina a SELIGSON, Paul. New English

File: Pre-intermediate Student’s Book. Oxford University Press. 2007. ISBN 978-

0-19-451909-0.

Literatura předmětu

Povinná:


2015. 143 s. ISBN 978-0-19-456993-4., 2015.

Doporučená:

[1] SWAN, M. a C. WALTER. Oxford English Grammar Course: Basic: a Grammar

Practice Book for Elementary to Pre-intermediate Students of English: with

Answers. 1st ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011. 362 s. ISBN 978-01-944-

2077-8.

[2] MURPHY, R. English Grammar in Use: A Self Study Reference and Practise Book

for Intermediate Learns of English. 4th ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University

Press, 2012. 333 s. ISBN 978-05-211-8906-4.

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