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Poznamka:Velmi se omlouvam se za zpozdeni, zakon
schvalnosti pracuje az priliz dobre. Prezentace jeste neni dokonale kompletni. Velmi bych velmi ocenil jakekoli primominky, navrhy a rady.
Omlouvam se a mnohokrat dekuji,Jindrich Fixa
a)Why fusion ? – Fuel resourcesGigajoules (109 joules) Divided by world annual
energy consumption per year
( Present consumption 3 * 1011 1 year
Coal 1.0 * 1014 300 years
Oil 1.2 * 1013 40 years
Natural gas 1.4 * 1013 50 years
Uranium 235 (fission) 1013 30 years
Uranium 238 and thorium 232 (breeder reactors) 1016 30 000 years
Lithium (D-T fusion reactors)- Land- Oceans
1016
1019
30 000 years30* 106 years
b) Fusion reactions:
D + D -> 3He + n + 3.2 MeV
D + D -> T + p + 4.0 MeV
D + T -> 4He + n + 17.6 MeV
II. Tokamaks:a) Fusion and tokamaksb) Ignition conditionc) Plasma confinementd) Tokamak reactore) Tokamak economics
a) Historical milestones1905 – A. Einstein: E = m * c2
1920 - A.S. Eddington: Energy source in stars1928 - I. Langmur: “Plasma”1934 – E. Rutherford: D+D fusion1957 - J.D. Lawson: Lawson criteria1960 – I.A.Kuechatov: Lecture at Harvell
1983 – JET1991 – JET – D-T combination as a fuel
b) Tokamak development2015 – ITER – first physic experiments2014 – DEMO – project begins2024 – ITER – technological experiments2024 – DEMO – construction2032 – DEMO – start2034 – ITER – deconstruction2046 – DEMO – deconstruction2050 – First fusion power plant?
c) ITER on it’s wayWhere? - France - CadaracheWhen? - First experiments are planed to
2014How? - Together and with class 500-
700MW
RecapitulationSo why is it not here yet ?
Expensive developmentInitial investment
Is fusion the energy of the future ?SafeEffectiveResourcefulCheap to run
Source:Tokamaks - John Wesson (Oxford science publications)
Focus On: JET - The European Center of Fusion Research- Jan Mlynář
The science of JET - John Wesson
Úvod do fyziky plazmatu - Francis F. Chen
Řízená termojaderná syntéza pro kazdeho - Milan Řípa, Vladimír Weinzettl, Jan Mlynář, František
Žáčekg
Web of scienceScience Direct