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sf]/f]gf efO/; ;ª\qmldt JolQmn]vf]Sbf gfs jf d'vaf6 dflg;sf] z/L/dfk|j]z u5{ . sf]/f]gf efO/; /f]usf] d'VonIf0fx? eg]sf] Hj/f] cfpg], vf]sL nfUg],Zjf/ km]g{ ufx|f] x'g] xf] . o:tf nIf0fx?xfdLdf b]vf k/]df xfdLn] l5f] eGbf l56f]glhssf] :jf:Yo s]Gb|df uP/ o; /f]usf]hf]lvdaf6 aRgsf] nflu lgDg pkfox?ckgfpg'k5{ .

sf]/f]gf efO/;sf] hf]lvdaf6 xfdLn]cfkm"nfO{ / c?nfO{ arfpgsf nflu w]/ }s'/fdf Vofn /fVg' kg]{ x'G5 . h:t} ;fa'gkfgLn] cfkm\gf xftx? lgoldt ?kdf w'g'k5{/ x/]s k6s xft w'Fbf slDtdf @) ;]s]G8;Dd ;fa'gkfgLn] ldlr ldlr xftnfO{ w'g'k5{ .le8ef8af6 cfkm"nfO{ 6f9f g} /fVg'k5{ .Hj/f] / vf]sL nfu]sf] dflg;af6 6f9f g} a:g'k5{ / cfkm"nfO{ Hj/f] / vf]sL nfu]sf] 5 eg]klg c? dflg;af6 6f9f g} /xg] / df:ssf]k|of]u ug'{k5{ . dflg;x?;Fu xft ldnfpg'sf];§f gd:sf/ ug'{kb{5 .

b[li6sf] rqm

h'g dfG5]sf] of] nf]sdfe"ldsf k"/f x'G5

p;sf] cfTdf a|x\df0f'dflnog x'G5

Tof] k'gh{Gd xf]t/ d[To' elgG5

o;/L ;[li6sf] rqmlg/Gt/ rln/xG5

Tof] rqmdf g}dg{] / hGdg] eO/xG5

z/L/ If0fe/ xf]cfTdf cd/ x'G5

hGd]kl5 dfgjn]b'Mv ef]Ug'k5{ ;'v ;'ljwfsf]

lans'n} cefj x'G5dt{] nf]sdf ;'v ef]u ug{]tf

dfq bfgj x'G5

:juf{nf]sdf;'v ef]u x'G5dt{] nf]sdf

w]/} /Lltl/jfh x'G5km]l/ kflki6n]

dt{] nf]snfO{ :ju{ b]V5

8f= u0f]zs'df/ kf}8]n

ljZjdf km}ln/x]sf] sf]/f]gf efO/;dxfdf/Lsf sf/0f clwsf+z pBf]u Joj;fox?sltko 7Kk 5g\ eg] sxLF 3f6fdf rln/x]sf5g\ . s/f]8f}F dflg;x?sf nflu dxfdf/Ln];+s6 l;h{gf u/]sf] 5, /f]huf/L tyf Joj;fou'd]sf ] 5 . dxfdf/Laf6} !^ nfv eGbfw]/}sf] d[To' eO;s]sf ] 5 eg] s}og\ d'n'sx?cfly{s ;+s6df ws]lnPsf 5g\ .

t/ b'lgofFsf s]xL ca{klt o:tf5g\, h;nfO{ dxfdf/L kmlnkmfk ag]sf] 5 .dxfdf/Lsf] ;dodf pgLx?sf] ;DklQ emg}ylkPsf] 5 .

Ps tYof+s cg';f/ dxfdf/Lsf]rfn" jif { ;g\ @)@) df ljZjsf ^)k|ltzteGbf w]/} ca{kltx? emg} wgL ag]sf5g\ . ;+;f/sf ;jf{lws wgLsf] ;"rLdf zLif{kfFr :yfgdf /x]sf ca{kltx?sf] ;DklQdft p5fn g} cfPsf] 5 / pgLx?sf] s"n;DklQ # va{ !) ca{ 8n/ k'u]sf] 5 .dxfdf/Ldf caf}{F ;DklQ y'kfg{ ;kmn tL kfFrca{klt oL x'g\M

!= Png d:sM cGt/ LIfdfko{6s k'¥ofpg] nIosf ;fy :yflkt sDkgLPng d:s tyf ljB'tLo sf/ lgdf{tf sDkgL6]:nfsf l;Ocf] Png d:ssf] ;DklQ ;g@)@) df ! va{ $) ca{ 8n/n] j[l4 ePsf]5 . An'Dau{sf cg';f/ ut ;f]daf/ pgsf]s"n ;DklQ ! va{ ^& ca{ 8n/ k'u]sf] 5 .

clxn] Png d:s ca{kltx?sf];"lrdf 5nfª dfb}{ lan u]6\; nufotnfO{kl5 kfb }{ bf]>f] :yfgdf plSn;s]sf 5g\ .ca pgLeGbf cufl8 s]jn cd]hgsf ;+:yfksh]km a]hf]; dfq 5g\ .

Png d:sn] Ps jif{sf] cjlwdf;a}eGbf w]/} sdfpg ;kmn JolQmsf] ?kdfgofF Oltxf; klg sfod u/]sf] kmf]A;n]hgfPsf] 5 . d:ssf] sDkgL 6]:nfn] pTkfbgu/]sf sf/x?sf] lalqmdf of] jif{ /]s8{ sfodeof] . To:t} pgsf] csf]{ sDkgL :k]; PS;n]klg cGt/LIfdf dflg;nfO{ k7fpFb} klxnf]lghL sDkgL aGg ;kmn eof] .

@= h]km a]hf];M h]km a]hf];n];+;f/s} ;a}eGbf wgL JolQmsf] ?kdf ;g\@)@) sf] ;'?jft u/]sf lyP / To;d} sfod/xFb} jif{ ;dfKt ub} {5g\ . cd]hgsf ;fy}cd]l/sL klqsf b jflzª6g kf]i6sf dflns;d]t /x]sf a]hf];n] @)@) df cfkm\gf];DklQdf &@ ca{ 8n/ yk u/]sf 5g\ .

dxfdf/Ls f a ]nf ljZje/ g}

cd]hgb]lv 6]:nfsf dflns;Dd

lj1fg÷k|ljlw

cgnfOg sf/f]af/n] /]s8{ sfod ubf{ cd]hgnfO{dfnfdfn ePsf] xf] . s]xL dlxgf cl3cd]hgsf] s"n ;DklQ @ va{ 8n/ gf3]sf]lyof] . clxn] pgsf] ;DklQ ! va{ *& ca{8n/ 5 .

h]km a]hf];n] ljleGg ;fdflhssfo{x?df klg of]ubfg ul//x]sf 5g\ . utkm]A?c/Ldf pgn] hnjfo' kl/jt{g;Fu h'Wg]kl/of]hgsf nflu !) ca{ 8n/ bfg u/]sflyP eg] gf]e]Da/df jftfj/0fjfbL ;+:yfx?nfO{*) s/f]8 8n/ k|bfg u/]sf lyP .

pgsL k"j{kTgL Dofs]GhLn] klg of]jif{ % ca{ *) s/f]8 8n/ bfg u/]sL l5g\ .

#= hf]· zgzgM af]tnaGb kfgLlaqm]tf lrlgofF sDkgL gf]ª km" l:k|·sf ;+:yfks/x]sf hf]·n] ;g\ @)@) df cfkm\gf] ;DklQdf^@ ca{ ^) s/f]8 8n/n] j[l4 u/] . pgLut ;]K6]Da/df rLgsf ;a}eGbf wgL JolQm;d]t ag]sf lyP .

gf]ª km" sDkgL ;g\ !((^ df:yfkgf ePsf] lyof] / o;n] Pl;ofdf af]tnaGbkfgLsf] ahf/df @) k|ltzt lx:;f cf]u6]sf]5 . pgsf] sDkgLsf] d"No &) ca{ 8n//x]sf ] 5 . sDkgL z]o/ ahf/df k|j]zu/];Fu} hf]·sf] ;DklQdf p5fn cfPsf] xf] .

sDkgLsf] z]o/ dWo] *$ k|ltztpgs} gfddf /x]sf] 5 . h;sf] d"No ^) ca{8n/ 5 . ;fy} EoflS;g lgdf{tf sDkgLa]Olhª afof]nf]lhsn kmfd]{;Lsf] :jfldTj klghf]·s} gfddf 5 .

of] sDkgLn] sf]/f]gf efO/;lj?4gfsaf6 lbOg] :k| ]sf] pTkfbg ul//x]sf] 5/ gf]e]Da/d} bf]>f] r/0fsf] k/LIf0f ;DkGgu/]sf] lyof] . hf]·sf] ;DklQ clnafafsf

;+:yfks Hofs df tyf 6]g;]G6sf ; +:yfkskf]gL df sf] eGbf klg w]/} 5 .

$= agf{8{ cfg{N6M nUh/L ;fdfgpTkfbs sDkgL PnlePdPrsf dflnscf/gN6 k|mfG;sf ;a}eGbf wgL JolQm klgx'g\ . An'Dau{sf] ;"lrdf pgL ljZjsf ;jf{lwswgf9\osf] rf}yf] :yfgdf 5g\ .

of] jif{ cfg{N6sf] s"n ;DklQ! va{ $^ ca{ 8n/ k'u]sf] 5 . of] jif{ pgsf];DklQdf #) k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf] 5 .

dxfdf/Lsf sf/0f ljZjdf nUh/L;fdfgsf] lalqmdf nuftf/ sdL cfO/x]sf]ePtfklg PnlePdPrn] eg] of] jif{ rdTsf/g} u/]sf] 5 . blIf0f sf]l/of / rLgdfsDkgLsf pTkfbgsf] 7"nf] kl/df0fdf laqmLePsf] 5 .

%= 8]g luna6{M PglaP Sn]eNof08Sofe]lno;{ sDkgLsf dflns tyf cgnfOgdf6]{h sDkgL lSjsg nf]G;sf ;x;+:yfksx'g\ luna6{ . An'Dau{sf] cfFs8f cg';f/;g\ @)@) df pgsf] ;DklQ @* ca{ !)s/f]8 8n/n] j[l4 ePsf] 5 .

clxn] pgsf] ;DklQ #% ca{ #)s/f]8 8n/ k'u]sf] 5 . o;sf] d"Vo sf/0frfxLF lSjsg nf]G;sf] d"n sDkgLsf] ?kdf/x]sf] /s]6 sDkgLn] ut cui6 dlxgfdfz]o/ tyf ljlQo zfwgsf] ;fj{hlgs lalqm;'? ug{' .

luna6{;Fu /s]6 sDkgLsf] *)k|ltzt z]o/ lx:;f /x]sf] 5 h;sf] d"No#! ca{ 8n/ eGbf w]/} 5 . luna6{sf]s"n ;DklQ Ps jif{d} ^ u'0ffn] a9]sf] 5/ o;sf] sf/0f rfxLF sDkgLsf] cfOlkcf]g} xf] .

dxfdf/Ldf ;jf{lws sdfpg] ca{kltx?M

;]S;;Fu hf]l8Psf] ;ft k|sf/sf]8/ h;n] w]/}nfO{ tgfjdf kf5{

;Def]u xfd|f] hLjgsf] Ps dxTjk"0f{lx:;f xf] / Ps :j:y hLjgsf nflu of]cfjZos klg 7flgG5 . oBlk, w ]/ }dflg;x?nfO{ of];Fu 8/ klg nfUg] u5{, To;}n]slt t ;]S;dfly s'/f ug{ g} 8/fpF5g\ .;]S;sf nflu o:tf] k|sf/sf] eonfO{ O/f]6f ]k mf ]l aof elgG5 . O/ f]6f ]k mf ]l aofdfdflg;x?sf] dgdf ;]S;sf] ljifodf ljleGgk|sf/sf] 8/ x'G5 .

O/f]6f]kmf]laofdf dflg;x?sf] dgdfljlegg k|sf/sf] z+sf x'G5 . olb o;sf]pkrf/ ;dodf g} gul/Psf] v08df of] Psk|sf/sf] l8:c8{/df kl/jt{g x'g;S5 . o;n]/f]dflG6s ;DaGwdf klg gsf/fTds c;/kfg{;S5 . s'g} klg kmf]laof em}+ O/f]6f]kmf]laofsfklg y'k| } nIf0f x'G5g\ . x/]s JolQmsf] nIf0f/ cg'ej Ps–csf{eGbf leGg x'g;S5 . O/f]6f]kmf]laof ljleGg k|sf/sf] x'g;S5 .cfpg'xf];\, o;af/] hfgsf/L lncf}+ .h]gf]kmf]laofM

h]gf]kmf]laofnfO{ sf]O6f]kmf] laofsf]Ps ?k klg dflgG5 . o;df dflg;x?nfO{of}g ;DaGw :yflkt ug{ 8/ nfU5 .h]gf]kmf]laof ePsf] l:ytLdf dflg;x? cfˆgf]/f]dflG6s ;DaGwdf r'Dag jf cFufnf] xfNg]h:tflqmofsnfknfO{ c;fWo} ?rfpF5g\ t/ of}g;DaGw :yflkt ug{ jf a9L lkmlhsn x'gpgLx?nfO{ 8/ nfU5 .OlG6d];Lsf] 8/M

o:tf] k|sf/sf] kmf]laofdf dflg;x?nfO{zf/Ll/s ;DaGw :yflkt ug{ geO{ o;sfsf/0f lglDtg] efjgfTds nufj;Fu 8/fpF5g\ .pgLx?sf] dgdf Pp6f s'/fsf] 8/ x'G5 –kf6{g/n] st} 5f]8\g] xf] ls eGg] 8/ pgLx?sf]dgdf leq}b]lv u9]sf] x'G5 .Kof/f]kmf]laofM

of}g ljs[ltsf] 8/ klg Ps k|sf/sf]kmf]laof xf] . s]xL dflg;x?nfO{ ;]S;sf sf/0fpgLx?df s'g} k|sf/sf] ljs[lt lglDtg] xf] lseGg] s'/fsf] 8/ x'G5 . o:t} sf]xLnfO{ eg]

cfkm \gf] sf/0fn] csf]{ JolQmdf s'g} ljsf/cfpg] xf] ls eGg] 8/ x'G5 . o:tf] kmf]laofåf/f u|l;tdflg;x? cfkm"n] agfPsf] lgoddfkm{t\ g} of}g;DaGwsf] cfgGb lnG5g\ . o:t}, sf ]xLdflg;x? eg] s'g} klg k|sf/sf] c+t/·Llqmofsnfk;Fu 8/fpF5g\ .xfkm]kmf]laofM

of] kmf]laofdf dflg;x?nfO{ 5f]Og]xf] ls eGg] 8/ nfU5 . o;}sf sf/0f pgLx?sf]y'k|} ;DaGw k|efljt x'g;S5 . o:tf] kmf]laofåf/fu|l;t dflg;x?df s'g} cfkmGtn] 5'g] xf] lseGg] 8/ x'G5 hals s]xL dflg;x? cfjZostfeGbf a9L zf/Ll/s ;Dks{;Fu 8/fpF5g\ .lhDgf]kmf]laofM

o;df dflg;x?nfO{ gUgtfsf] eox'G5 . dflg;x? c?sf] cufl8 gUg x'g8/fpF5g\ . s]xL dflg;x? cfˆgf] a8L Od]hsfsf/0f klg of}g ;DaGw :yflkt ug{ 8/fpF5g\ .lkmn]dfkmf]laofM

o;nfO{ lkmn]df]6f]kmf]laofsf] gfdn]klg lrlgG5 . o;df dflg;x?nfO{ r'Dagug{ 8/ nfU5 . o;sf ljleGg sf/0f x'g

;S5g\ . h:t} ls hf] dflg;x?sf] d'vaf6b'u{Gw cfpF5, pgLx? s; }nfO{ r'Dag ug{8/fpF5g\ . o;sf ;fy} s]xL dflg;x?nfO{nfU5 ls r'Dag ubf{ pgLx?sf] d'vdf ls6f0f'l5g]{ u5{ .oL x'g\ sf/0fM

x/]s JolQmdf leGg leGg sf/0fn]O/f]6f]km f]laof x'g;S5 . s]xL dflg;x?sf]dgdf cfˆgf] clttsf] 36gfsf sf/0f 8/k}bf x'G5 . of}g zf]if0f, v/fa cg'ej, s'g}dfgl;s cf3fth:tf sf/0fn] O/f]6f]kmf]laofx'g;S5 . o;afx]s s]xL dflg;x?nfO{ k/kmd]{G; Pª\hfO6L x'G5 h;sf sf/0f klgdflg;x?sf] dgdf ;]S;sf nflu eo x'G5 .s] xf] pkrf/ <

O/f]6f]kmf]laof Ps hl6n ;d:of xf]/ ;fwf/0ftof o;sf] pkrf/ s'g} :jf:Yolj1sf] pkrf/dfkm {t\ g} kfpg ;lsG5 .;l6{kmfO8 ;]S; y]/lk:6 o:tf] k|sf/sf]pkrf/df pTs[i6 dflgG5g\ . y'k|} k6sdfgl;s :jf:Yosf lj1n] klg O/f]6f]kmf]laofsf]pkrf/ ug{ ;Ifd x'G5g\ .

sf]/fgfn] ubf{ cfh, hLjg sx/ ef] .afFRg ca uf¥xf] x'g], d]/f] 7x/ ef] ..

ul/aL Tof] d]/f] nflu, 7"nf] hx/ ef]afFRg] OR5f dl/ uof], dg{] /x/ ef]

sf]/f]gfn] cfqmfGt of], ufpF zx/ ef];+qmldtsf] ;+Vofsf] oxfF, nfdf] nx/ ef]

rLgaf6 ;'? ePsf]Pp6f efO/; sf]/f]gf

k[YjLdf km}lnP/w]/} Hofg lnPsf]

g s]xL pkfo 5g s]xL pkrf/

cgnfOgaf6 eP klgkfOPsf] 5 /fd|f] 1fg

sf]/f]gf stf / slxn] ;5{

sf]/f]gfs;}nfO{ yfxf x'Gg

To;}n] ;w}F /fVg' k5{sf]/f]gf;Fu n8\g] Ifdtf

xftdf :oflg6fOh/d'vdf dfS; nufO{ /fVg' k5{

ToxL Pp6f pkfo 5afFRg] clxn]nfO{

;w}Fel/ kl/jf/nfO{;do lbg g;s]sf]of] sf]/f]gfn] ubf{

;a} kl/jf/nfO{ Ps} 7fpFdf a;fof]

sf]/f]gfn] ;a}sf] hLjg7Kk agfof]

g sxLFaf6 k};f cfpF5g sxLFaf6 k}rf] dfUg ldNg] agfof]

sf]/f]gfn] Jo:t ;8snfO{ klg;'g;fg / vfnL agfof]

ljBfno hfg] ljBfyL{nfO{ klgcgnfOgaf6 k9\g nufof]

sIff M !!x]6f}+8f :s"n ckm Dofg]hd]G6

sIff M %gjf]bo lzz' ;bg, x]6f}+8f–$

ltd|f] xfd|f] a+};fn' pd]/km]l/ a}+; sfG5L cfpFb}g 3'd]/ .

nf]eL gh/ 9'+uf em} ;f/f] ef]v} s] egf} sfG5L dg yfDg} ufx|f] ef] .

jgdf sfkmn v]t}df km'Nof] hf}of] d'6'df sfG5L ltdL g} ltdL 5f}

;fnsf] kft 6k/L ufF;]sf]ns{] hf]jfg sfG5L sNnfO{ xf] ;fFr]sf] .

eb{]p kfyL, rflxFb}g dfg'nfO{b]p dfof sfG5L xf]O{hfG5 k'/fg'

ufO{nfO{ v? df5Ln] vfof] n]pd'6'el/ sfG5L ltdL g} ltdL 5f}

d'6'el/ sfG5L ltdL g} ltdL 5f} ..

sf]/f]gf qf;bL x]6f}8f –$

aGb Jokf/ snsf/vfgfdf, cfh sx/ ef]a]/f]huf/Ln] ubf{ dfG5], dg{] 7x/ ef]

hgtf 6'x'/f eP eGg], d]/f] 7x/ ef]dx+uLdf afFRg' kg{] xfd|f], /x/ ef]

nf]stGqsf] 9NR5 eGof, of] t kx/ ef]hgtf ca nfUg' kg{], d]/f] 7x/ ef

x]6f}+8fdf ]=(*^##*)$&)

ltdL g}ltdL 5f}

yfO/fO8 kf] eof] ls <yfO/fO{8 ;fdfGotof Ps k|sf/

sf] u|GyL xf], h'g 3f6Ldfk'ntL cfsf/df x'g]u5{ . o;n] yfO/fO8 xdf]{gsf] >fj u5{ .obL pQm xdf]{gn] ;xL t/Lsfn] sfd gu/]sf]cj:yfdf yfO/fO{8sf] ;d:of b]vf kg]{ u5{ .

yfO/fO{8sf] ;a}eGbf d'Vo nIf0feg]sf] ysfg xf] . obL s;}nfO{ ljgf zf/L/Lskl/>d klg ysfg dx;'; x'G5 eg] Tof]yfO/fO{l8Hdsf] ;+s]t x'g;S5 . ljz]ifu/LxfOk/ yfO/fO{l8Hddf x'g] clgB|fsf sf/0fz/L/df lbge/ ysfg dx;'; x'g] u5{ .

z/L/df yfO/fOl8Hd a9]; Fu}JolQmdf ysfgsf ;fydf a]r}gL ;d]t a9\g]u5{ . ljgf s'g} kl/>d obL s;}sf] tf}ncrfgs sd x'gyfN5 eg] To:tf JolQmnfO{yfO/fO8 ePsf] x'g;S5 . obL s;}df yfO/fO{8u|GyL clws dfqfdf ;lqmo 5 eg], p;sf]tf}n crfgs sd x'g yfN5 .

ljgf s'g} zf/L/Ls kl/>d obLs;}nfO{ 3'8f tyf hf]gL{df lk8f dx;'; x'G5,Tof] yfO/fO{8sf] ;+s]t x'g;S5 . o:tf b'vfO{n]tkfO{sf] b}lgsLdf ;d]t c;/ kfg{ ;S5 .olt;DdsL ;fdfGo ef/L p7fpbf ;d]t 3'8f

tyf df+;k]zLf b'vfO{ dx;'; x'g] u5{ .s;}s;}nfO{ xft emgemgfpg] ;d:of x'g] u5{ .o;sf sf/0f xftdf ;'hg x'g;S5 .

3fF6L ;'lGgg' yfO/fO{8sf] ;d:of;lhn} klxrfgdf cfpg] u5{ . o;sf] sf/0f3fF6Ldf lk8f x'g], cfjfhdf ab\nfj cfpg],:j/ ef/L x'g] ub{5 . x'g t 3fF6L ;'lGgg'yfO/fO{8dfq gx'g klg ;S5 . t/ obL s;}nfO{af/Daf/ 3f6L b'Vg, 3fF6L ;'lGgg] ;d:of 5eg] t'?Gt} lrlsT;s;Fu k/fdz{ lng'k5{ .

yfO/fO{8sf sf/0f skfn tyf5fnfdf ;d:of pTkGg x'g] u5{ . h;sf sf/0fskfn ?vf] x'g], emg]{ nufotsf ;d:of b]lvg]u5{ . To:t}, 5fnfdf kfk|f hDg], 5fnf ;'Vvfx'g] nufotsf ;d:of b]vf kg]{ u5{ . To;afx]s,l56f] l56f] skfn a9\g' tyf z/L/sf ljleGgc+ux?df skfn knfpg' klg yfO/fO8sf] ;+stx'g] u5{ .

xfOkf] jf xfO{k/ b'j} lsl;dsfyfO/fO{l8Hddf k]6 ;DalGw ;d:of lgDtg]u5{ . ljz]ifu/L xfOkf] yfO/fO{l8Hd ePsfdflg;x?df kfrg ;DalGw ;d:of clws dfqfdfx'g] u5{, h;sf sf/0f pgLx?df sJh tyf

kvfnfsf] ;d:of x'g] u5{ .xfOkf] jf xfO{k/ b'j} lsl;dsf

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bfx|L /x:o

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