Anglicky v odborných předmětech "Support of teaching technical subjects in English“ Tutorial: Business Academy Topic: Economic aspect of business activity Prepared by: Ing. Marcela Zlatníková Projekt Anglicky v odborných předmětech, CZ.1.07/1.3.09/04.0002 je spolufinancován Evropským sociálním fondem a státním rozpočtem České republiky.
Transcript
Slide 1
Slide 2
Tutorial:Business Academy Topic: Economic aspect of business
activity Prepared by:Ing. Marcela Zlatnkov Projekt Anglicky v
odbornch pedmtech, CZ.1.07/1.3.09/04.0002 je spolufinancovn
Evropskm socilnm fondem a sttnm rozpotem esk republiky.
Slide 3
Business activity has two aspects tangible and economic.
TANGIBLE ASPECT Business inputs Business Outputs material, raw
materials, production products Workforce services Fixed assets
ECONOMIC ASPECT Costs Business Profit sales, other income
Slide 4
They represent consumption of factors of production for a
particular purpose expressed in monetary units It is monetary
expression of all business inputs We must distinguish expenditures
from costs, not every expense is cost It is necessary to monitor
costs in the company because incurred costs reduce profit
Slide 5
1.BY TYPES - They express structure of the necessary costs of
entry into business - They are used in the 5th account class of the
accounting plan - They include for example consumed purchases,
services, personal costs, depreciations, financial costs 2. FOR
PURPOSES OF FINDING OUT ECONOMY RESULTS - Operating costs -
Financial costs - Extraordinary costs
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3. BY RELIANCE ON CHANGE IN VOLUME OF PRODUCTION - permanent
(fixed) costs do not change with the change in volume of
production, they change in a leap after some time, e. g. rent -
variable (changing) costs vary with the change in volume of
production. This involves further division: proportional total
costs vary directly with the change in volume of production, e.g.
Consumption of basic material progressive total costs are rising
faster than volume of production, e.g. increase in production
causes pay of bonuses for work degressive total costs are rising
more slowly than volume of production, e.g. Better use of factors
of production, reduction of losses
Slide 7
4. PURPOSE ( CALCULATION ) DIVISION - direct (unit) it can be
determined directly on the calculation unit, such as consumption of
basic material - indirect (overhead) they cannot be determined
directly on the calculation unit, we have to divide them, such as
energy consumption 5. IN TERMS OF DEVELOPMENT - production those
expended on production of certain product - circulation those
expended on the sale of own products
Slide 8
They are sums expressed in monetary units, that the company
received from its activities Main part of revenues are sales of own
outputs and goods Another part of revenues are financial revenues,
such as surplus in cash box in the case of stocktaking and extra
revenues Company revenues are found out when the amount of output
is multiplied by its price We must distinguish revenues from
income, not every income is revenue
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1. BY TYPES- these are revenues arranged in the 6th account
class of the accounting plan, such as revenues from own outputs and
goods, change in state of intercompany inventory, activation of
assets developed by own activity, other operating revenues 2. FOR
PURPOSES OF FINDING OUT ECONOMY RESULTS - operating revenues -
financial revenues - extraordinary revenues 3. BY INTERCOMPANY
DEPARTMENTS it is about assignment of revenues to individual
intercompany departments, such as production revenues, management
revenues, sales revenues
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It expresses level of company management in crowns It is found
out by comparing costs and revenues Result of efficiency is the
most important indicator which characterizes company management It
is detected: by non-accounting by use of profit and loss records by
accounting with help of profit and loss account Revenues Costs
Profit Revenues Costs Loss Revenues Costs = Result of management
(profit) Income tax
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1/ Consider, whether the following costs belong to operational,
financial or extraordinary: a/ interests of loan b/gross wages of
employees c/material damages due to flood d/ bank fees e/ material
consumption f/ depreciation of DM 2/ Indicate which of the
following revenues belong to operational, financial or
extraordinary: a/ sales of selling goods b/ credited interests on
deposits c/sales for provided services 3/ The company has spent in
the past period total costs on its activity 2 560 000,- crowns. 24
000 pieces of goods were sold in the sales price of 137,- crowns
per piece. Find out the result of company management.
Slide 12
Biovec, K. Pehled uiva k maturitn zkouce z ekonomiky. Fortuna,
2004. ISBN 80- 7168-747-2. varcov Jena, ing a kolektiv, Ekonomie,
strun pehled. Ing. Jena varcov, Ph.D., CEED nakladatelstv a
vydavatelstv, 2006. ISBN 80-903433-3-3. Klnsk Petr, Munch Otto,
Ekonomika pro obchodn akademie a ostatn stedn koly 1- 4. Fortuna,
2003, ISBN 80-7168-862-2.