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PC = 00000000 EPC = 00000000 Cause = 0000000 BadVaddr = 00000000Status= 00000000 HI = 00000000 LO = 0000000

R0 (r0) = 00000000 R8 (t0) = 00000000 R16 (s0) = 0000000 R24 (t8) = 00000000R1 (at) = 00000000 R9 (t1) = 00000000 R17 (s1) = 0000000 R25 (s9) = 00000000R2 (v0) = 00000000 R10 (t2) = 00000000 R18 (s2) = 0000000 R26 (k0) = 00000000R3 (v1) = 00000000 R11 (t3) = 00000000 R19 (s3) = 0000000 R27 (k1) = 00000000R4 (a0) = 00000000 R12 (t4) = 00000000 R20 (s4) = 0000000 R28 (gp) = 00000000R5 (a1) = 00000000 R13 (t5) = 00000000 R21 (s5) = 0000000 R29 (gp) = 00000000R6 (a2) = 00000000 R14 (t6) = 00000000 R22 (s6) = 0000000 R30 (s8) = 00000000R7 (a3) = 00000000 R15 (t7) = 00000000 R23 (s7) = 0000000 R31 (ra) = 00000000

FP0 = 0.000000 FP8 = 0.000000 FP16 = 0.00000 FP24 = 0.000000

FP6 = 0.000000 FP14 = 0.000000 FP22 = 0.00000 FP30 = 0.000000FP4 = 0.000000 FP12 = 0.000000 FP20 = 0.00000 FP28 = 0.000000FP2 = 0.000000 FP10 = 0.000000 FP18 = 0.00000 FP26 = 0.000000

quit load run step clear set value

print breakpt help terminal mode

SPIM Version 3.2 of January 14, 1990

Text Segments

xspim

RegisterDisplay

ControlButtons

User andKernelTextSegments

SPIMMessages

General Registers

Double Floating Point Registers

Single Floating Point Registers

Data Segments

Data andStackSegments

[0x00400000] 0x8fa40000 lw R4, 0(R29) [][0x00400004] 0x27a50004 addiu R5, R29, 4 [][0x00400008] 0x24a60004 addiu R6, R5, 4 [][0x0040000c] 0x00041090 sll R2, R4, 2[0x00400010] 0x00c23021 addu R6, R6, R2[0x00400014] 0x0c000000 jal 0x00000000 [][0x00400018] 0x3402000a ori R0, R0, 10 [][0x0040001c] 0x0000000c syscall

[0x10000000]...[0x10010000] 0x00000000[0x10010004] 0x74706563 0x206e6f69 0x636f2000[0x10010010] 0x72727563 0x61206465 0x6920646e 0x726f6e67[0x10010020] 0x000a6465 0x495b2020 0x7265746e 0x74707572[0x10010030] 0x0000205d 0x20200000 0x616e555b 0x6e67696c[0x10010040] 0x61206465 0x65726464 0x69207373 0x6e69206e[0x10010050] 0x642f7473 0x20617461 0x63746566 0x00205d68[0x10010060] 0x555b2020 0x696c616e 0x64656e67 0x64646120[0x10010070] 0x73736572 0x206e6920 0x726f7473 0x00205d65

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jm c f�ÅgNDXÏP�ZgX�enXG`;PhN�?°^.Ån`;]GÅ c ]D]DZgX7P c mf�ÅgN²XGNEK [ L§KM]7ÅV`;mgNyKMPÆ^dN [;[ A§`;P§f�ÅVKYfKeFPhNEZVa c `;mnPhfhXGZV]of�` c mNoÍkenKMmVaVP§`ºmCf c P�NDrMNDXGK [ LÆKM]GÅV`;mVN¢`;mVPhfhX7ZV]of�` c mVPDS u ÅgNEmP�`;m Ç [ N PhfhNDeVen`;m Çyc XÝNoÍkKMLÆ`;mV`;m Ç LONEL c X�sM}4f�ÅgN`;mVP�fhXGZV]of�` c mVP f�ÅnKYfªs c ZÆPhNDNjKYX�N.P [ ` Ç ÅCf [ s�aV` �¯NDX�NEm5f t X c L f�ÅgN.P c ZgXG]oN�eVX cMÇ XGKMLÔS Ò ÅgN�] c X�XGNEPhe c mVagNEmV]oN4ЯN f9^dNDNEmOf�ÅgNf(^ c PhNDf�P cMt `;mVPhfhXGZn]of�` c mVPv`;P t KM`lX [ s?P�`;LOe [ NßP�`;mn]oN4ik x�a c NEP m c f X�N c X Ç KMmV`�DNf�ÅgN4`;mVPhfhX7ZV]of�` c mVPf c Î [º[ aVN [ KEsÔP [ c f�PES��� ð

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� u < s$n � q u���� ����� � u :ikf c X�NTf�ÅgN�� � c KYf�`ºm Ç e c `;m5fa c ZgÐ [ N�eVX�NE]D`ºP�` c mÏm5ZnL¥Ð¯NDXGP4`;mÔPGZV]D]oNEP�P�`lrMN�LONEL c X�s [ c ]DKYf�` c mVPDS

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f�ÅgNOmgND^ [ `;mgN�KMmnaµK Ç KM`;mµm5Z [;[ fhNDXGL§`ºmVKYfhNEPjf�ÅgNOPhfhXG`;m Ç S �7#&��" �"���� eVX cMÇ XGKML§P�f�ÅVKYfTZVP�N�f�ÅgNEP�N§Phs�PG]DK [;[ Pf c X�NEKMa t X c L f�ÅgNTfhNDXGL§`ºmVK [ P�Å c Z [ am c f.ZVPhNTLONEL c X�s LÆKYeVe¯NEa Û ?õP�NDNÄi�NE]of�` c m A7Sh nfp�� X�NDf�ZgXGmVP�K¸e c `;m5fhNDXTf c K¢Ð [ c ]�Ö cMt LONEL c XGs] c m5f�KM`;mV`ºm Ç � KMaVan`lf�` c mVK [ Ð�s5fhNEPES q kYi t Phf c enPÄKeVX cMÇ X7KML t X c L XGZVmVmn`;m Ç S

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Q.N Ç `;PhfhNDXGP �$o)t ? z A7} ����� ? {M A7}kKMmVa ��� � ? { A%KYX�N4XGNEPhNDX�rMNEa t°c X�ZVPhN4Ð�sÄf�ÅgN�KMP�PhNEL�Ð [ NDX�KMmna c e NDX7KYf�`;m ÇPhskPhfhNELÔSQ.N Ç `;PhfhNDXGP �$o�� w �$oba ? �*w AOKYX�N¸ZVPhNEaÌf c enKMP�PÄf�ÅgNÏÎFXGPhf t,c ZgXOKYX Ç ZnLONEmCf�P§f c X c Zgf�`;mgNEP ?°X�NEL§KM`ºmV`;m ÇKYX Ç ZVL§NEmCf�POKYX�NÔeFKMP�PhNEa c m�f�ÅgN¸Phf�KM]GÖZA7S�Q�N Ç `;P�fhNDXGP � �� KMmVa �� � ? { } AÄKYX�N¸ZnPhNEaÌf c X�NDf�ZgXGmÌrYK [ ZgNEPt X c L t ZVmn]of�` c mVPDS?Q�N Ç `ºPhfhNDXGP ��t � w ��t�� ? w z } { �g} { A.KYXGN�]DK [º[ NDX P�KArMNEaµX�N Ç `;PhfhNDX7PjZnPhNEa t,c X�fhNELOe c XGKYX�sØ�ZVKMmCf�`;f�`lNEP.f�ÅnKYfja c m c fjmgNDNEayf c ЯN¥enX�NEPhNDX�rMNEayKM]oX c P�P?]DK [;[ PDS.Q�N Ç `ºPhfhNDXGP � h � w � h�� ? zE w { A�KYX�N�]DK [;[ NDN P�KArMNEa¸X�N Ç `;P�fhNDXGP�f�ÅVKYfRÅ c [ a [ c m Ç [ `lrMNEaÏr*K [ ZgNEPf�ÅVKYf.P�Å c Z [ aÏЯN�eVX�NEPhNDX�rMNEa²KM]oX c P�P�]DK [º[ PDSQ.N Ç `;PhfhNDX � h > ? {M Ad`;Pßf�ÅgN?Phf�KM]GÖÝe c `;m5fhNDXE}�^.ÅV`;]7ÅÆe c `;m5f�P�f c f�ÅgN [ KMP�f [ c ]DKYf�` c mÏ`;mZVPhN c mf�ÅgN?Phf�KM]�Ö S��Q�N Ç `ºPhfhNDX � � > ? | Aß`;P�f�ÅVN t XGKMLONje c `;mCfhNDXAS��ÏQ.N Ç `;PhfhNDX ��pfo ? z Aß`;Pß^�XG`lfhfhNEmÝ^.`lf�ÅÆf�ÅgNjX�NDf�ZgXGmKMaVagX�NEPGP t°c XK§]DK [;[ Ð�sÏf�ÅgN o �Æ`;mVPhfhX7ZV]of�` c m©SQ.N Ç `;PhfhNDX �0� > ? {M A.`ºP�K Ç [ c ÐnK [ e c `;m5fhNDX.f�ÅVKYfRe c `;mCf�PR`;m5f c f�ÅgNÄL§`;aVa [ N cMt K ��� Ð [ c ]�Ö cMt LONEL c X�s`;m¢f�ÅgN�ÅgNEKYef�ÅVKYfjÅ c [ aVPR] c mVPhf�KMm5f�P?KMmVa Ç [ c ÐnK [ rYKYXG`;KYÐ [ NEPDS Ò ÅgN c ÐfwhNE]of�Pj`ºm¸f�ÅV`;PRÅgNEKYe]DKMm²Ð¯N¥Ø�ZV`;]GÖ [ s

KM]D]oNEP�PhNEa²^.`lf�ÅÔKOPG`;m Ç [ N [ c KMa c XjPhf c X�N¥`ºmVPhfhXGZV]of�` c m©S m§KMaVaV`;f�` c m©}2] c eVX c ]oNEP�P c X | ] c m5f�KM`;mVP%X�N Ç `ºPhfhNDXGP%f�ÅVKYfßKYX�N.ZVPhN t Z [ f c ÅnKMmVa [ NNoÍg]oNDeVf�` c mVPDS�ik x a c NEP

m c f4`;LOe [ NELONEm5fßK [;[ cMt f�ÅgNEPhN�X�N Ç `ºPhfhNDXGPD}gP�`;mn]oNRf�ÅgNDsÝKYX�N?m c f cMt L�Zn]GÅÏZVPhN�`;mKÄPG`;L�Z [ KYf c X c X�KYXGNjeFKYX�f cMtf�ÅgN¥L§NEL c X�sÏPhs�P�fhNELÔ}V^.ÅV`º]GÅÔ`;P4m c fR`;LOe [ NEL§NEmCfhNEa©S%× c ^dNDrMNDXE}¯`lf�a c NEP4eVX c r�`;aVNjf�ÅVN t,c [º[ c ^.`ºm Ç Ù

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Ò ÅgNEP�N�X�N Ç `;PhfhNDX7P�KYX�NRenKYX�f cMt ] c eVX c ]oNEP�P c X | v PßX�N Ç `;PhfhNDXPhNDf�KMmVaÝKYX�NRKM]D]oNEPGPhNEaÐ5s�f�ÅgN � �� } j � 0� }Wj t 0� }KMmVa h �� `;mVPhfhXGZn]of�` c mVPDSà ` Ç ZgXGN aVNEP�]oXG`lЯNEPf�ÅgNÐn`lf�PÔ`;mÓf�ÅgN � tZo�t)s h XGN Ç `;PhfhNDX¸f�ÅVKYf¸KYXGN¹`;LOe [ NEL§NEmCfhNEaÓÐ�sÕik xÑS Ò ÅgNiW: tZq�p p)s > t j o h � ] c m5f�KM`;mVP4K�ÐF`lf t°c XNEKM]GÅ cMt f�ÅgNjÎnrMN?`;m5fhNDX�XGZgenf [ NDrMN [ PES (t K�ÐF`lfd`ºP c mVNM}V`;mCfhNDXGXGZgeVf�PdKYff�ÅVKYf [ NDrMN [ KYX�NjK [º[ c ^dNEa©S (t f�ÅVNRÐn`;f�`;P(�DNDX c }g`;mCfhNDXGXGZgeVf�PßKYfßf�ÅVKYf [ NDrMN [ KYX�N�aV`;P�KYÐ [ NEa©S Ò ÅVN [ c ^ÓP�`lÍ�ÐF`lf�P cMtf�ÅgN � tfo)t)s h XGN Ç `;PhfhNDX.`;L§e [ NELONEm5f4K�f�ÅgX�NDN [ NDrMN [ Phf�KM]�Ö t°c X�f�ÅgN �=q�p : q ��� s h q)p KMmVa iW: tZq)p$p)s > t�q : o�n � qÐn`lf�PES Ò ÅgN �=q�p : q ��� s h q�p Ðn`lf¥`;P | ` t f�ÅgNÝeVX cMÇ XGKML ^KMP¥XGZnmVmV`;m Ç `;mf�ÅgNÆÖMNDX7mgN [ ^.ÅVNEm¹f�ÅgN`;mCfhNDXGXGZgeVf� å,ò?ëhéGè®î ÿ ë0è��oë0è®ôûÿ ï�ò?ïGì¯üAýnåõþ ������Rù¯é7ô öAï � í*ñ4ë0òEê®ëæöjé7ô �Mï�ÿ òDê®ÿ ò*ç�éGê ê®ð*ë �

251015

PendingInterrupts

ExceptionCode

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c ]D]DZgX�X�NEaKMmVa z ` t `lf�^KMP`;mÝZnPhNDXdL c agNMS 0t f�ÅgN iJ: tZq�p p�s > t q : o�n � q Ðn`lfd`;P z }k`ºmCfhNDX�X7ZgeVf�PdKYX�NjK [º[ c ^dNEa©S0t `lf?`;P | }~f�ÅVNDsyKYX�N§an`;P�KYÐ [ NEa~S¥fTKMm¹`;m5fhNDX�XGZgenfD} f�ÅVNEPhN§P�`ÊÍyÐn`lf�P�KYX�N§P�ÅV` t fhNEa [ N t f?Ð5s²f9^ c Ðn`lf�PE}~P c f�ÅgN]DZgX�XGNEmCf�Ðn`lf�P�ЯNE] c LONOf�ÅVNOeVX�NDrk` c ZVPjÐn`lf�P?KMmVaf�ÅVNOeVX�NDrk` c ZVPjÐn`lf�P�ЯNE] c LONOf�ÅgN c [ a²ÐF`lf�PDS Ò ÅgNO]DZgX�X�NEm5fÐn`lf�P4KYXGNTÐ c f�ŸPhNDf�f c | ?õ`®S_NMSl}nÖMNDXGmgN [ L c agN?^R`lf�ÅÔ`;m5fhNDX�XGZgeVf�P4an`;P�KYÐ [ NEa�A7S

à ` Ç ZgXGN �ÝaVNEP�]oXG`lЯNEP�f�ÅVN¥Ðn`lf�PR`;m¸f�ÅVN � o/s h q X�N Ç `ºPhfhNDXGPDS Ò ÅgNTÎnrMN�> q : u iW: � iW: tZq)p$p)s > t Ðn`lf�P.] c XGX�N Phe c mVa¢f c f�ÅgN¥ÎnrMN�`;mCfhNDXGXGZgeVf [ NDrMN [ PDS.ÐF`lf�ЯNE] c LONEP z ^RÅgNEm¢KMmy`;m5fhNDX�XGZgeVfRKYf�`;f�P [ NDrMN [ ÅVKMP c ]D]DZVX�X�NEaÐnZgfÄÅVKMP�m c f�ЯNDNEmÑPhNDXGr�`;]oNEa~S Ò ÅVN q k �q > t i�

eVX c r�`ºagNEP c m [ s c mgN¹LONEL c X�sÕKMaVagXGNEP�P�`;m Ç L c agNMÙ � p k��5}R^RÅV`;]GÅÕZVP�NEPÔf�ÅgN¹P�ZVL cMt f�ÅgN¹`;LÆLONEaV`;KYfhN?õ`;m5fhN Ç NDXMA KMmVaÌf�ÅgNÏ] c mCfhNEm5f�P cMt XGN Ç `;PhfhNDX p kKMP�f�ÅVNKMaVaVX�NEP�PDS Ò ÅgNÝr�`;X�f�ZVK [ L§KM]GÅV`ºmgNÝenX c rk`;agNEP�f�ÅgNt°c [;[ c ^R`;m Ç KMaVagX�NEPGP�`;m Ç L c agNEP t°c X [ c KMa¸KMmVa¢Phf c X�N¥`;mnPhfhXGZV]of�` c mnPDÙ

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j s �$< s � u q h t � �"h p ��� � p&�� �b5ZG[IBT�5"(C& / Nf* LOI X7* .��0��IKLK8 E/H�(93+� E,���-�Â�ZVf4f�ÅgNTeVX c aVZV]of cMt f�ÅgN¥`;m5fhN Ç NDXGP t X c L XGN Ç `;PhfhNDX �"h p& � KMmVa � p 0� `;m5f c X�N Ç `;PhfhNDX � ufq h t Sj s � t ��h p ��� ��h p&�� / Nf*-LOI X�* .j s � t�s �"h p � � �"h p 0� �b5ZGMI-T�5�(C& / Nf*-LOI X�* .xyZ [ f�`le [ sÆf�ÅgNÄ] c mCfhNEm5f�P cMt f�ÅgN¥f(^ c X�N Ç `;PhfhNDX7PDS4U~NEKErMN�f�ÅgN [ c ^ c XGagNDX.^ c XGa cMt f�ÅgN¥eVX c aVZn]of.`;mÔX�N Ç `ºPhfhNDX�$

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h q)r � u q h t � �"h p ��� � p �� � (+L����FN=,/* �i�NDf�XGN Ç `;PhfhNDX � u q h t f c z ` t X�N Ç `;P�fhNDX ��h p � NEØ5ZVK [ P � p �� KMmVaÔf c Ð N | c f�ÅVNDX�^.`;PhNMS

h � q � u q h t � �"h p ��� � p �� � (+L�� 3 (0,�L�(93 ��8 ,/5���FN=,/* �h � q�s � ufq h t � ��h p& ��� � p 0� � (+L�� 3C(C,�L�(+3 ��8 ,�5���+N=,/* �b5ZGMI-T�5�(C& �i�NDf�XGN Ç `;PhfhNDX � u q h t f c z ` t X�N Ç `;P�fhNDX ��h p � `;P Ç X�NEKYfhNDXRf�ÅVKMm c X.NEØ�ZVK [ f c � p 0� KMmVaÔf c | c f�ÅVNDX�^.`;PhNMS

h �)t � u q h t � �"h p ��� � p �� � (+L�� 3C(C,�L�(93 ��8 ,/5 �h �)t)s � ufq h t � ��h p& ��� � p 0� � (+L�� 3C(C,�L�(+3 ��8 ,/5 �b5ZGMI-T�5�(C& �i�NDf�XGN Ç `;PhfhNDX � u q h t f c z ` t X�N Ç `;P�fhNDX ��h p � `;P Ç X�NEKYfhNDXRf�ÅVKMm � p&�� KMmVa¸f c | c f�ÅgNDX�^R`;PhNMS

h � q � u q h t � �"h p ��� � p �� � (+L �e(MG[G ��8 ,/5���FN=,/* �h � q�s � ufq h t � ��h p& ��� � p 0� � (+L��(9G0G ��8 ,�5���+N=,/* �b5ZGMI-T�5�(C&-�i�NDf�XGN Ç `;PhfhNDX � u q h t f c z ` t X�N Ç `;P�fhNDX ��h p � `;P [ NEP�Pf�ÅnKMm c X.NEØ�ZVK [ f c � p 0� KMmVaÔf c | c f�ÅVNDX�^.`;PhNMS

h � t � u q h t � �"h p ��� � p �� � (+L���(9G0G ��8 ,�5h � t i � ufq h t � ��h p& ����� j j � (+L���(9G0G ��8 ,/5 �[P;P (C&/IU,�L�(h � t)s � ufq h t � ��h p& ��� � p 0� � (FL�e(MG[G ��8 ,/5 �b5ZG[IBT�5�(0&h � t i s � u q h t � �"h p ���!� j$j � (FL�e(MG0G ��8f,/5 �e5ZGMI-T�5�(C& �[P;P (C&/IU,�L�(i�NDf�XGN Ç `;PhfhNDX � u q h t f c z ` t X�N Ç `;P�fhNDX ��h p � `;P [ NEP�Pf�ÅnKMm � p �� ? c X � j j�AdKMmVa¸f c | c f�ÅgNDX�^R`;PhNMS

h : q � u q h t � �"h p ��� � p �� � (+L ��E�L����FN=,/* �i�NDf�XGN Ç `;PhfhNDX � u q h t f c z ` t X�N Ç `;P�fhNDX ��h p � `;P�m c f4NEØ�ZVK [ f c � p 0� KMmVaÔf c | c f�ÅVNDX�^.`;PhNMS

`��� � ������!$# ������������ cW���W���)� ! ��������� mK [º[ `;mVPhfhXGZn]of�` c mVPßÐ N [ c ^T} � p&�� ]DKMmÏNE`lf�ÅgNDX4ЯN�K�X�N Ç `;PhfhNDX c X�KMmÔ`ºL§LONEaV`;KYfhN�rYK [ ZgNS?õ`;m5fhN Ç NDXMA7S �dXGKMmV]7Å`;mVP�fhXGZV]of�` c mVP�ZVPhN.K�P�` Ç mgNEa zE

nYq)r �"h p � � � p&�� � � o/nYq � ��3 ,/576+8 E/5 ���+N=,/*bdc mVan`lf�` c mVK [;[ sjÐnXGKMmV]GÅ�f c f�ÅVN`ºmVPhfhXGZV]of�` c m�KYf%f�ÅgN [ KYÐ N [ ` t f�ÅVN�] c mCfhNEm5f�P cMt X�N Ç `;PhfhNDX �"h p � NEØ5ZnK [ P � p �� S

nYq)r � ��h p � � o/nYq � ��34,/5�698 E/5 ���FN=,/*��b(93 E �bdc mVan`lf�` c mVK [;[ sOÐVXGKMmV]7ÅÔf c f�ÅgN¥`ºmVPhfhXGZV]of�` c mKYf.f�ÅgN [ KYЯN [ ` t f�ÅgNT] c mCfhNEm5f�P cMt �"h p& NEØ5ZVK [ P | S

n�� q �"h p � � � p&�� � � o/nYq � ��3 ,/576+8 E/5 � 3 (0,�L�(93 ��8 ,/5���FN=,/* �n�� q�s ��h p ��� � p 0� � � o�nYq � ��3 ,/57698 E�5 ����� �b5ZGMI-T�5�(C& �bdc mVan`lf�` c mVK [;[ s�ÐVX7KMmV]GÅf c f�ÅgN?`;mVPhfhX7ZV]of�` c mÆKYff�ÅgN [ KYЯN [ ` t f�ÅgN�] c mCfhNEm5f�P cMt X�N Ç `;PhfhNDX �"h p � KYXGN Ç XGNEKYfhNDXf�ÅVKMm c X.NEØ5ZVK [ f c � p �� S

n�� q � ��h p � � o/nYq � ��34,/5�698 E/5 � 3C(C,�L�(+3 ��8 ,�5���+N=,/*���(93 Ebdc mVan`lf�` c mVK [;[ s§ÐVXGKMmV]7Ÿf c f�ÅgN�`;mnPhfhXGZV]of�` c m¢KYf.f�ÅgN [ KYЯN [ ` t f�ÅgN�] c m5fhNEmCf�P cMt �"h p KYX�N Ç X�NEKYfhNDX�f�ÅVKMm c XNEØ�ZVK [ f c | S

n�� q � o � ��h p � � o/nYq � ��34,/5�698 E/5 � 3C(C,�L�(+3 ��8 ,/5���+N=,/*���(93 E 57& ��IR5��bdc mVan`lf�` c mVK [;[ s§ÐVXGKMmV]7Ÿf c f�ÅgN�`;mnPhfhXGZV]of�` c m¢KYf.f�ÅgN [ KYЯN [ ` t f�ÅgN�] c m5fhNEmCf�P cMt �"h p KYX�N Ç X�NEKYfhNDX�f�ÅVKMm c XNEØ�ZVK [ f c | SdigKErMN¥f�ÅVNTKMaVagX�NEP�P cMt f�ÅgN�mgNoÍ�f�`ºmVPhfhXGZV]of�` c mÔ`;mÏX�N Ç `;PhfhNDX z S

n��)t �"h p � � � p&�� � � o/nYq � ��3 ,/57698 E�5 � 3C(C,�L�(93 ��8 ,/5 �n��)t)s ��h p ��� � p 0� � � o�nYq � � 3 ,/576+8 E/5 � 3C(C,�L�(+3 ��8 ,/5 �b5ZGMI-T�5�(C&-�bdc mVan`lf�` c mVK [;[ s�ÐVX7KMmV]GÅf c f�ÅgN?`;mVPhfhX7ZV]of�` c mÆKYff�ÅgN [ KYЯN [ ` t f�ÅgN�] c mCfhNEm5f�P cMt X�N Ç `;PhfhNDX �"h p � KYXGN Ç XGNEKYfhNDXf�ÅVKMm � p 0� S

n��)t � ��h p � � o/nYq � ��34,/5�698 E/5 � 3C(C,�L�(+3 ��8 ,�5���(93 Ebdc mVan`lf�` c mVK [;[ sOÐVXGKMmV]7ÅÔf c f�ÅgN¥`ºmVPhfhXGZV]of�` c mKYf.f�ÅgN [ KYЯN [ ` t f�ÅgNT] c mCfhNEm5f�P cMt �"h p& KYX�N Ç X�NEKYfhNDXRf�ÅVKMm | S

n � q �"h p � � � p&�� � � o/nYq � ��3 ,/57698 E�5 �e(MG[G ��8 ,/5���FN=,/* �n � q�s ��h p ��� � p 0� � � o�nYq � ��3 ,/57698 E�5 ����� �b5ZGMI-T�5�(C& �bdc mVan`lf�` c mVK [;[ s²ÐVX7KMmV]GÅÑf c f�ÅVN`;mnPhfhXGZV]of�` c mÑKYf�f�ÅVN [ KYЯN [ ` t f�ÅgNÏ] c mCfhNEm5f�P cMt X�N Ç `ºPhfhNDX �"h p& � KYX�N [ NEP�Pf�ÅVKMm c X.NEØ5ZVK [ f c � p �� S

n � q � ��h p � � o/nYq � ��34,/5�698 E/5 ��(9G0G ��8 ,�5���+N=,/*���(93 Ebdc mVan`lf�` c mVK [;[ s?ÐVXGKMmV]7ÅOf c f�ÅgNR`;mVPhfhXGZn]of�` c m�KYf�f�ÅgN [ KYЯN [ ` t f�ÅgN.] c m5fhNEm5f�P cMt �"h p KYX�N [ NEP�P%f�ÅVKMm c XªNEØ�ZVK [f c | S

n�� q � o � ��h p � � o/nYq � ��34,/5�698 E/5 � 3C(C,�L�(+3 ��8 ,/5���+N=,/*���(93 E 57& ��IR5��n � t � o � ��h p � � o/nYq � � 3 ,/576+8 E/5 ��(9G0G ��8 ,/5 57& ��IR5��bdc mVan`lf�` c mVK [;[ sOÐVXGKMmV]7ÅÏf c f�ÅgNT`;mVPhfhX7ZV]of�` c mÏKYf�f�ÅgN [ KYЯN [ ` t f�ÅVNT] c mCfhNEm5f�P cMt �"h p KYX�N Ç XGNEKYfhNDX c X4NEØ�ZVK [f c | c X [ NEP�P4f�ÅVKMm | }VX�NEPhe¯NE]of�`lrMN [ sMSikKErMNTf�ÅVN¥KMaVagX�NEPGP cMt f�ÅVNTmgNoÍ�fR`;mVPhfhXGZn]of�` c mÏ`;mÏX�N Ç `;PhfhNDX z S

n � t �"h p � � � p&�� � � o/nYq � ��3 ,/57698 E�5 �e(MG[G ��8 ,/5 �n � t)s ��h p ��� � p 0� � � o�nYq � � 3 ,/576+8 E/5 ��(9G0G ��8 ,/5 �b5ZGMI-T�5�(C&-�bdc mVan`lf�` c mVK [;[ s²ÐVX7KMmV]GÅÑf c f�ÅVN`;mnPhfhXGZV]of�` c mÑKYf�f�ÅVN [ KYЯN [ ` t f�ÅgNÏ] c mCfhNEm5f�P cMt X�N Ç `ºPhfhNDX �"h p& � KYX�N [ NEP�Pf�ÅVKMm � p 0� S

n � t � ��h p � � o/nYq � � 3 ,/576+8 E/5 ��(9G0G ��8 ,�5���(93 Ebdc mVan`lf�` c mVK [;[ sOÐVXGKMmV]7ÅÔf c f�ÅgN¥`ºmVPhfhXGZV]of�` c mKYf.f�ÅgN [ KYЯN [ ` t f�ÅgNT] c mCfhNEm5f�P cMt �"h p& KYX�N [ NEP�P�f�ÅVKMm | S

zE

n : q �"h p � � � p&�� � � o/nYq � ��34,�57698 E/5 � E�L����+N=,/*bdc mVan`lf�` c mVK [;[ s²ÐVX7KMmV]GÅÌf c f�ÅgNÔ`;mVPhfhXGZn]of�` c mKYf�f�ÅgN [ KYЯN [ ` t f�ÅgN] c m5fhNEm5f�P cMt X�N Ç `;P�fhNDX �"h p& � KYX�NÔm c fNEØ�ZVK [ f c � p&�� S

n : q � ��h p � � o/nYq � ��3 ,/576+8 E/5 ��E�L����FN=,/*��b(93 E �bdc mVan`lf�` c mVK [;[ sOÐVXGKMmV]7ÅÔf c f�ÅgN¥`ºmVPhfhXGZV]of�` c mKYf.f�ÅgN [ KYЯN [ ` t f�ÅgNT] c mCfhNEm5f�P cMt �"h p& KYX�N¥m c f4NEØ�ZVK [ f c | S � o/nYq � �$NfP XqjmV] c mVaV`lf�` c mVK [;[ s w�ZVLOeÏf c f�ÅgNT`;mVPhfhX7ZV]of�` c mÏKYf.f�ÅgN [ KYÐ N [ S o ��� o/nYq � � NfP�X ,/5�&���IR5�� o � p ��h p � NfP X�,�57& ��IK5 � � (_T�I G9L�(93qjmV] c mVaV`lf�` c mVK [;[ s w�ZVLOeÔf c f�ÅgN¥`;mnPhfhXGZV]of�` c mÏKYfRf�ÅgN [ KYЯN [ c X.^RÅ c PhNTKMaVagXGNEP�P�`;P�`ºmÏX�N Ç `;PhfhNDX ��h p& SdikKArMNf�ÅgN¥KManagX�NEP�P cMt f�ÅgNTmgNoÍkf.`;mnPhfhXGZV]of�` c mÏ`;mÏXGN Ç `;PhfhNDX z S p ��h p& �$NfP X � (_T�I G9L�(93qjmV] c mVaV`lf�` c mVK [;[ s w�ZVLOeÏf c f�ÅgNT`;mVPhfhX7ZV]of�` c m^.Å c PhN�KMaVagX�NEP�P4`ºP�`;mÏX�N Ç `;P�fhNDX ��h p S

`���� ��� � cW���W���)� ! ���������

� o � ufq h t � o$u u)pZq h h ��EF,�& &�&/3C(MG[G �U c KMa²] c LOenZgfhNEa ,�&�&/3C(MG[GY}¯m c f�f�ÅVNT] c mCfhNEm5f�P cMt f�ÅgN [ c ]DKYf�` c m~}n`;m5f c X�N Ç `;PhfhNDX � ufq h t S� n � ufq h t � o$u u)pZq h h � EJ,�& ��.�L�(� n$s � u q h t � o$u$u$pfq h h ��EF,�& �b5ZGMI-T�5�(C& ��.�L�(U c KMa¢f�ÅgN?Ð�s5fhN¥KYf],�&�&/3C(MG[GÄ`;m5f c X�N Ç `;PhfhNDX � ufq h t S Ò ÅgN?Ð�s5fhN¥`ºP4P�` Ç m NoÍkfhNEmVagNEaÔÐ�sf�ÅgN � n }gÐnZVfm c f�f�ÅgN� n$s }V`;mVPhfhX7ZV]of�` c m©S� u � ufq h t � o$u u)pZq h h ��EF,�&'"]E/NY19* (���� E/3 & �U c KMa¢f�ÅgN � Ðn`lfRØ5ZVKMm5f�`lf(sKYf ,)&�&/3C(MG0G�`;m5f c X�N Ç `;PhfhNDX7P � ufq h t KMmVa � u q h t�� � S� � � ufq h t � o$u u)pZq h h � EF,�&���,/* &��E/34&� � s � u q h t � o$u$u$pfq h h � EJ,�& �b5ZG[IBT�5�(0&��,/* &��E/34&U c KMa¥f�ÅgN zE

U c KMa¸f�ÅgN zE

j t � i � ufq h t / E/H�( �YE 8)Ij t �$< � ufq h t / E/H�( �YEd*BEx c rMN¥f�ÅVN¥] c mCfhNEm5f�PRX�N Ç `;PhfhNDX � ufq h t f c f�ÅVN¥ÅV`�? [ c AdXGN Ç `;PhfhNDXESbdc enX c ]oNEPGP c XGPOÅVKArMN¸f�ÅgNE`lX c ^.m X�N Ç `;P�fhNDXÆPhNDf�PDS Ò ÅgNEP�NÏ`ºmVPhfhXGZV]of�` c mVP�L c rMN¸rYK [ ZgNEP�ЯNDf(^ßNDNEm f�ÅVNEPhN

X�N Ç `;P�fhNDXGP�KMmVaÔf�ÅVN b Â�q v P�X�N Ç `ºPhfhNDXGPDSj � V � ufq h t � � � h p / E/H/( �"3 E/P ��E[X73 EF6M(MG0G+E/3��x c rMN¥f�ÅVN¥] c mCfhNEm5f�P cMt ] c enX c ]oNEPGP c X �fv P.X�N Ç `;PhfhNDX � � h p f cb Â�q�X�N Ç `;PhfhNDX � ufq h t Sj � � � u � ufq h t ��� �"h p � / E�H/( "]E/NY19* (���34E�P ��E[X�34EF6M(MG[G9E/3�� �x c rMNÆf�ÅVN§] c mCfhNEm5f�P cMt � c KYf�`;m Ç e c `;m5f�X�N Ç `;PhfhNDXGP � �"h p � KMmVa � �"h p& ��� � f cyb Â�q XGN Ç `;PhfhNDXGP � u q h tKMmVa � ufq h t�� � Sj t& V ��h p � � � ufq h t / E/H�( �YE ��E[X73 EF6M(MG0G+E/3��x c rMN¥f�ÅVN¥] c mCfhNEm5f�P cMtªb Â�q�X�N Ç `;PhfhNDX �"h p& f c ] c eVX c ]oNEP�P c X �fv P�X�N Ç `ºPhfhNDX � � ufq h t S

`������ � �� ������ �la;�����e� cW� �W�/�$��! ���_��� �Ò ÅgNTx ÂdiÏÅVKMPRK � c KYf�`;m Ç e c `ºmCf�] c eVX c ]oNEP�P c X]?õm�ZVL¥Ð¯NDX�NEa z Adf�ÅVKYf c e¯NDXGKYfhNEP c m¸P�`;m Ç [ N?eVX�NE]D`;PG` c m@? {

� � t � u�� �"h p& � ��� ��h p 0� ��E/P Xf,/3C( �e(MG[G ��8 ,/5 "]E/NY19* (

� � t � h � �"h p& � ��� ��h p 0� ��E/P Xf,/3C(���(9G0G ��8 ,�5 � IR5 T�* (bdc LOeFKYX�NÝf�ÅVN�� c KYf�`;m Ç e c `;mCfÄa c ZgÐ [ N`;mÑX�N Ç `;P�fhNDX � �"h p � K Ç KM`ºmVPhf�f�ÅgN c mgNÔ`;m � �"h p&�� KMmVa PhNDf�f�ÅgN] c mVaV`;f�` c m �FK Ç fhXGZVNT` t f�ÅgNTÎnXGPhf4`;P [ NEP�Pf�ÅVKMm¸f�ÅVNTPhNE] c mVa©S

$t � u � h � � u q h t ��� �"h p& ��E/5=H/(+3ML � IK5$T�*B( L_E "]E/NY19* (

$t � u �� � � u q h t ��� �"h p& ��E/5=H�(939L �[57L�(_T$(+3�L_E "]E/NY19* (bdc m5rMNDX�fÔf�ÅgNµP�`;m Ç [ N¢eVXGNE]D`;P�` c m � c KYf�`;m Ç e c `;m5fm�ZVL�Ð NDX c XÔ`;m5fhN Ç NDX¸`;mÓX�N Ç `;PhfhNDX � ��h p f c KÌa c ZgÐ [ NeVX�NE]D`ºP�` c mÔm�ZVL¥Ð¯NDX�KMmVaÏeFZgf�`lf�`;mÏX�N Ç `ºPhfhNDX � � ufq h t S

$t � h � u � � u q h t ��� �"h p& ��E/5=H/(+3ML "]E/NY19* ( L_E � IR5 T�* (

$t � h �� � � u q h t ��� �"h p& ��E/5=H/(+3ML �[5YL�(�T$(+3�L_E � IR5 T�* (bdc m5rMNDX�fÔf�ÅgNµa c ZgÐ [ N¢eVXGNE]D`;P�` c m � c KYf�`;m Ç e c `;m5fm�ZVL�Ð NDX c XÔ`;m5fhN Ç NDX¸`;mÓX�N Ç `;PhfhNDX � ��h p f c KÌPG`;m Ç [ NeVX�NE]D`ºP�` c mÔm�ZVL¥Ð¯NDX�KMmVaÏeFZgf�`lf�`;mÏX�N Ç `ºPhfhNDX � � ufq h t S

$t �� � u � � u q h t ��� �"h p& ��E/5=H�(939L "]E/NY1+*B( L_E �[5YL�(_T (93

$t �� � h � � u q h t ��� �"h p& ��E/5=H/(+3ML � IK5$T�*B( L_E �[5YL�(_T (93bdc m5rMNDX�ff�ÅgNRa c ZgÐ [ N c XdP�`ºm Ç [ N.enX�NE]D`;P�` c m � c KYf�`;m Ç e c `;mCfdm5ZnL¥Ð¯NDXß`ºmÆX�N Ç `ºPhfhNDX � �"h p f c KMm`;m5fhN Ç NDX�KMmVaenZgf�`;f�`;mÏX�N Ç `;PhfhNDX � � u q h t S

u i � u�� � ufq h t ��� �"h p � ��� ��h p&�� ��*BEF,�LOIK5$T��E/IK5YL "�IKHJIU&)( "]E/NY19* (u i � h � � ufq h t ��� �"h p � ��� ��h p&�� ��*BEF,�LOIK5$T��E/IR57L "�IKHJIU&)( � IR5 T�* (bdc LOeFZgfhN.f�ÅgN�Ø�Z c f�`lNEm5f cMt f�ÅVN � c KYf�`ºm Ç � c KYfa c ZgÐ [ NEP\?õP�`;m Ç [ NEPMA%`;mÝX�N Ç `;PhfhNDX7P � ��h p � KMmVa � �"h p&�� KMmVaenZgf�`;f�`;mÏX�N Ç `;PhfhNDX � � u q h t S� � u � � ufq h t � o)u u)pZq h$h ��EF,�& ��*BEF,�LOIK5$T��E/IR57L "]E/NY19* (��� � h � � ufq h t � o)u u)pZq h$h ��EF,�& ��*BEF,�LOIK5$T� E�IR5YL � IK5$T�* ( �U c KMa¢f�ÅgN�� c KYf�`;m Ç � c KYf.a c ZgÐ [ NQ?õP�`;m Ç [ NWAdKYf o)u u)pZq h$h `;mCf c XGN Ç `;PhfhNDX � � ufq h t Sj�< � u�� � ufq h t ��� �"h p / E/H/( ��*-EJ,�LOIR5 T� E/IK5YL "]E/NY19* (j�< � h � � ufq h t ��� �"h p / E�H/( ��*-EF,�LOIR5$T E/IK5YL � IR5 T�* (x c rMN¥f�ÅVN� c KYf�`;m Ç � c KYf.a c ZgÐ [ NS?õPG`;m Ç [ NWA t X c L X�N Ç `ºPhfhNDX � ��h p& f c X�N Ç `;P�fhNDX � � ufq h t Sj s � � u�� � ufq h t ��� �"h p � ��� ��h p&�� ��*BEF,�LOIK5$T��E/IR57L / N *-LOI X7* . "]E/NY19* (j s � � h � � ufq h t ��� �"h p � ��� ��h p&�� ��*BEF,�LOIK5$T� E�IR5YL / Nf*-LOI X�* . � IR5 T�* (bdc LOeFZgfhN�f�ÅgN�eVX c aVZV]of cMt f�ÅgN�� c KYf�`;m Ç � c KYf�a c ZgÐ [ NEP ?õP�`;m Ç [ NEP[Aß`;mX�N Ç `;PhfhNDX7P � �"h p � KMmVa � �"h p �� KMmVaenZgf�`;f�`;mÏX�N Ç `;PhfhNDX � � u q h t S: q�� � u�� � ufq h t ��� �"h p �](_T$,�L�( "]E/NY19* (: q�� � h � � ufq h t ��� �"h p �](_T),�L�( � IR5 T�* ($RN Ç KYfhN�f�ÅgN�� c KYf�`;m Ç e c `;m5f�a c ZgÐ [ NQ?õP�`ºm Ç [ NWAß`;mÔX�N Ç `ºPhfhNDX � ��h p& KMmVaÏenZgf�`;f�`;mÏX�N Ç `;PhfhNDX � � u q h t S

h � u � � ufq h t � o)u u)pZq h$h � L_E�3 (���*BEF,�LOIK5$T��E/IR57L "]E/NY19* (��h � h � � ufq h t � o)u u)pZq h$h � L_E/3C(���*BEF,�LOIK5$T� E�IR5YL � IK5$T�* ( �i�f c X�N¥f�ÅgN�� c KYf�`;m Ç � c KYfRa c ZgÐ [ N;?õPG`;m Ç [ NWAd`;mÏXGN Ç `;PhfhNDX � � u q h t KYf o)u u$pfq h$h S

h s$n � u�� � ufq h t ��� �"h p � ��� ��h p&�� ��*BEF,�LOIK5$T E/IK5YL � NY1+LO3 ,�6FL "]E/NY19* (h s$n � h � � ufq h t ��� �"h p � ��� ��h p&�� ��*BEF,�LOIK5$T �E/IK5YL � NY1FLO34,�6JL � IR5 T�* (bdc LOeFZgfhNÆf�ÅgNÏaV` �¯NDX�NEmV]oN cMt f�ÅgN�� c KYf�`;m Ç � c KYf�a c ZgÐ [ NEP ?õP�`;m Ç [ NEP[A�`;mÑX�N Ç `;PhfhNDX7P � ��h p � KMmVa � �"h p&��KMmVaÔeFZgf4`lf�`;mÏX�N Ç `;P�fhNDX � � ufq h t S

{Y|

Reserved

Text Segment

Data Segment

Stack Segment

0x400000

0x7fffffff

à ` Ç ZVX�N Ù�U KAs c Zgf cMt LONEL c XGsMS

`����7` � ��!f%���������� �"� ���\��� � cW���W���)� ! ���������

p � q � (FLONf3[5��34E/P ���$6[( X�LOIOE�5Q�NEP�f c X�NTf�ÅgNÄikf�KYf�ZVP4X�N Ç `;P�fhNDXES

h 7h �o ��� � . G9L�(9P ��,�*R*Q�N Ç `ºPhfhNDX �� � ] c mCf�KM`ºmVP�f�ÅgNTm�ZVL�ЯNDX cMt f�ÅVNTPhs�P�fhNEL�]DK [;[ ?õP�NDN Ò KYÐ [ N z AdeVX c r�`ºagNEaÏÐ5s¸ik xÑS

nZpfq o�� : ��3C(C, �b KMZVP�N?NoÍk]oNDeVf�` c m �%S �%Íg]oNDeVf�` c m z `;PX�NEPhNDXGrMNEa t°c X�f�ÅgNTagNDÐnZ ÇMÇ NDXES:Y ��E E[XZ(+34,�LOIUE/5p c m c f�ÅV`ºm Ç S

� Á ��� '3��������*�Ò ÅgN c X Ç KMmV`�EKYf�` c m cMt LONEL c X�s`ºmx ÂiP�s�PhfhNELÆP�`;PÄ] c m5rMNEmCf�` c mnK [ Sµ eVX cMÇ XGKML v PÄKManagX�NEP�PÄPhenKM]oNÏ`;P] c LOe c PhNEa cMt f�ÅgXGNDN?enKYX�f�P�?õPhNDNÄà ` Ç ZgX�N A7S

fÄf�ÅgNÐ c fhf c L cMt f�ÅgNZVPhNDX�KMaVagX�NEPGP¥PhenKM]oN@? | Í � |M|M|M|M| A�`;PTf�ÅVNÆfhNoÍkf�P�N Ç LONEmCfD}%^RÅV`;]GÅÑÅ c [ aVP¥f�ÅgN`;mVP�fhXGZV]of�` c mVP t°c X.KOeVX cMÇ XGKMLÔS

RÐ c rMNTf�ÅgN?fhNoÍkf.PhN Ç L§NEmCf.`ºPf�ÅgN¥aVKYf�KOPhN Ç L§NEmCf ?õP�f�KYX�f�`;m Ç KYf | Í zD|M|M|M|M|M|M| A7}©^.ÅV`º]GÅÔ`;P4aV`;r�`;aVNEaÝ`;m5f cf9^ c eFKYX�f�PDS Ò ÅVNÆPhf�KYf�`;]§anKYf�KÔe c X�f�` c m¹] c m5f�KM`;mVP c ÐfwæNE]of�P¥^.Å c PhNÝP�`�DN§KMmVa¹KManagX�NEP�PTKYXGN§Ö�m c ^.mµf c f�ÅgN

{kz

. . .local variables . . .

. . .dynamic area . . .

memoryaddresses

$fp

$sp

argument 5

argument 6

...

arguments 1−4 . .saved registers . . .

à ` Ç ZgX�N Ù U KAs c Zgf cMt KjP�f�KM]�Ö t X7KMLONMS Ò ÅgN t X7KMLONe c `ºmCfhNDX%e c `;m5f�PYwhZVP�fvЯN [ c ^ f�ÅgN [ KMPhfªKYX Ç ZnLONEmCf enKMPGPhNEac mÔf�ÅgN�Phf�KM]�Ö S Ò ÅVNTPhf�KM]�ÖÔe c `;m5fhNDX4e c `;mCf�Pf c f�ÅgN [ KMPhf4^ c XGa¸`ºmÏf�ÅgN t XGKMLONMS

] c LOen` [ NDX�KMmVa [ `ºmgÖMNDXES L§LONEaV`;KYfhN [ sÝKYÐ c rMN�f�ÅgNEPhN c ÐfwhNE]of�Pj`;P4agskmVKML§`;]?aVKYf�KkSdRP.KOeVX cMÇ XGKML K [;[ c ]DKYfhNEPPhenKM]oNjagskmVKML§`;]DK [;[ s ?õ`ûS_NMSl}�Ð5s j o ���$< A7}2f�ÅgN h nZp�� PhskPhfhNEL]DK [º[ L c rMNEP�f�ÅgNRf c e cMt f�ÅgNRaVKYf�K¥PhN Ç L§NEmCfZge~SÒ ÅVNßeVX cMÇ XGKMLPhf�KM]�ÖÄX�NEP�`ºagNEP KYfvf�ÅVNdf c e cMt f�ÅgN4KMaVagX�NEPGPvP�enKM]oN ? | Í � � � t A7S f Ç X c ^.P%a c ^.m©}Mf c ^dKYXGanPf�ÅgN¥anKYf�K§PhN Ç LONEm5fDS

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{

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1 1

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Transmitter Control(0xffff0008)

Receiver Data(0xffff0004)

8

Received Byte

Transmitter Data(0xffff000c)

8

Transmitted Byte

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Unused

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