2014

BACTERIA

Výukový materiál MB 04 - 100Tvůrce: Mgr. Šárka Vopěnková

Tvůrce anglické verze: ThMgr. Ing. Jiří FollerProjekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů

Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/03.0005Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR

a part of food chain symbiotic bacteria pathogenic bacteria

IMPORTANCE OF BACTERIA

saprophytic bacteria > decomposers they mineralize organic substances into

inorganic decomposition of proteins > ammonia >

nitrites and nitrates = a source of nitrogenous nutrition !

food pyramid

A PART OF FOOD CHAIN

nodule bacteria live in symbiosis with French bean plants

on roots in small club roots they receive air oxygen > transfer into

nitrites nitrates are a source of nitrogen for the

plant plant gives organic substances to bacteria

as a source of nutrition

SYMBIOTIC BACTERIA

E. coli they live in the large intestine they convert rests of not digested food into

faeces Doderlein lactobacillus: in the vagina they create acids > keep pH between 4,0 –

4,5 > they inhibit the growth of the yeast intestines of ruminants, termites they decompose cellulose

SYMBIOTIC BACTERIA

a lot of bacteria on our body: some of them do not harm, if the immunity is not

weakened streptococcus pneumoniae: in the throat of most healthy people weakening of immunity > reproduction > pneumonia E. coli: reproduction > diarrhoea

important microbiologists: Louis Pasteur Robert Koch

PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

mycobacterium tuberculosis: multiple reproduction they penetrate into tissues > they cause

suppuration most often in lungs, bones, kidneys tuberculosis

PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

clostridium botulinum: creation of poisonous substances = toxins in anaerobic environment of pets or in cans fatal poisoning = botulism clostridium tetani: it lives in the soil toxin causes muscular cramps cramps of neck and chewing muscular

system > choking tetanus

PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

vibrio cholerae: toxin causes heavy diarrhoea Transfer by contaminated water Salmonella typhi: abdominal typhoid Salmonella: salmonella

PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

transfer of infection: direct contact indirectly by the contact with objects infection by air ways: droplets - they develop by speaking,

sneezing, cough > they dry > infection dust angina, scarlet fever, pneumonia, TBC,

diphtheria, pertusis (whooping cough)

PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

transfer through contaminated water and food:

salmonella, abdominal typhoid, cholera dysentery – Shigella dysenteriae the most dangerous bacterial disease: anthrax – Bacillus anthracis 3 forms: skin, intestinal and pulmonary forms

PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

sexually transmitted diseases: Treponema pallidum syphilis I. so called firm ulcer on sexual organs II. skin rash appears III. afflicted: vessels, nerves, liver, bones,

degeneration of brain

PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

diplococcus Neisseria gonorrhoea gonorrhoea inflammation of mucous

membrane on sexual organs

PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

1) production of antibiotics soil bacteria Streptomyces : streptomycin, aureomycin, tetracycline 2) other bacteria produce vitamins and

amino acids 3) lactic and acetic bacteria in the industry 4) bacteria for cleaning of sewerage water 5) genetic engineering

THE IMPORTANCE OF BACTERIA

KUBIŠTA, Václav. Obecná biologie. Praha: Fortuna, 2000, ISBN 80-7168-714-6.

CHALUPOVÁ - KARLOVÁ, Vlastimila. Obecná biologie. Olomouc: Nakladatelství Olomouc, 2010, ISBN 978-80-7182-282-0.

ZÁVODSKÁ, Radka. Biologie buněk. Praha: Scientia, 2006, ISBN 80-86960-15-3.

ROSYPAL, Stanislav. Nový přehled biologie. 1. vyd. Praha: Scientia, 2003, 797 s. ISBN 80-718-3268-5

SOURCES