�� 3ROXSURYRGQL PDWHULMDOL�� 3ROXSURYRGQL PDWHULMDOL
=D SROXSURYRGQLNH MH NDUDNWHULVWLaQD ]RQVND VWUXNWXUD �6O� �����
(J � HQHUJHWVNL SURFHS
�]DEUDQMHQD ]RQD�
(J (
F� (
Y
6O� ��� >HPDWVNL SULND] ]RQVNH VWUXNWXUH NRG SROXSURYRGQLND
8 SROXSURYRGQLFLPD VX PRJX`L PHGMX]RQVNL SUHOD]L HOHNWURQD L] YDOHQWQH XSURYRGQX ]RQX aLPH VH SRYH`DYD NRQFHQWUDFLMD HOHNWURQD X SURYRGQRM L ^XSOMLQD XYDOHQWQRM ]RQL�
.RQFHQWUDFLMD HOHNWURQD X SURYRGQRM ]RQL�
−−=
kT
EENn fcc exp
2/3
2
22
=
h
kTmN nc
π ← HIHNWLYQL EURM VWDQMD VYHGHQ QD GQR SURYRGQH ]RQH
.RQFHQWUDFLMD ^XSOMLQD X YDOHQWQRM ]RQL�
−−=
kT
EENp vfv exp
2/3
2
22
=
h
kTmN pv
π← HIHNWLYQL EURM VWDQMD VYHGHQ QD YUK YDOHQWQH ]RQH
=D SROXSURYRGQLNH YDCL�
2inpn =⋅ � JGH MH QL VRSVWYHQD NRQFHQWUDFLMD QRVLODFD QDHOHNWULVDQMD�
−=
−−
−−=⋅
kT
ENN
kT
EE
kT
EENNpn gvc
vffcvc expexpexp
−=
kT
ENNn gvci
2exp �
Eg
Ec
Ev
Provodna zona
Valentna zona
3ROXSURYRGQL PDWHULMDOL 49
ln(niC*T-3/2)
1/T
~Eg/2k
Eg
Ec
Ev
Ed
Donorski nivo
DNR MH
2/3
2
22
=
h
mkC
πPRCH VH QDSLVDWL GD MH
2/31TCNc = �
2/32TCNv =
−=
kT
ECTn gi 2
exp2/3
−=−
kT
ETCn gi 2
exp* 2/3 � JGH MH & ��&
( )kT
ETCn
gi
2*ln 2/3 −=−
=DYLVQRVW VRSVWYHQH NRQFHQWUDFLMH QRVLODFD QDHOHNWULVDQMD RG WHPSHUDWXUH
GDWD MH QD VO� ����
1D RVQRYX ]DYLVQRVWL QL I�7� PRCH VH
HNVSHULPHQWDOQR RGUHGLWL ^LULQD
HQHUJHWVNRJ SURFHSD (J�
6O� ��� 3URPHQD VRSVWYHQH NRQFHQWUDFLMH QRVLODFD QDHOHNWULVDQMD X IXQNFLML RG
WHPSHUDWXUH
=D VRSVWYHQL� EHVSULPHVQL SROXSURYRGQLN YDCL inpn ==
3ULPHVQL SROXSURYRGQLN PRCH ELWL GRQRUVNRJ LOL DNFHSWRUVNRJ WLSD�
• 'RQRUVNL WLS SROXSURYRGQLND � GRGDMX VH SHWRYDOHQWQH SULPHVH �3� $V� 6E��6O�����
-RQL]DFLMRP SULPHVD HOHNWURQL VDGRQRUVNRJ QLYRD SUHOD]H XSURYRGQX ]RQX L WLPH SRYH`DYDMXNRQFHQWUDFLMX SURYRGQLK HOHNWURQD�9H`LQVNL QRVLRFL QDHOHNWULVDQMD VXHOHNWURQL�
6O� ��� 3RORCDM GRQRUVNRJ QLYRD X Q�WLSX SROXSURYRGQLND
3ROXSURYRGQL PDWHULMDOL 50
Eg
Ec
Ev
Ea
Akceptorski nivo
Ec
Ev
Ed
Ea
n
p
• $NFHSWRUVNL WLS SROXSURYRGQLND � GRGDMX VH WURYDOHQWQH SULPHVH �%� *D���6O�����
-RQL]DFLMRP SULPHVD HOHNWURQL L]YDOHQWQH ]RQH SUHOD]H QDDNFHSWRUVNL QLYR L WLPH VHSRYH`DYD NRQFHQWUDFLMD ^XSOMLQD XYDOHQWQRM ]RQL� 9H`LQVNL QRVLRFLQDHOHNWULVDQMD VX ^XSOMLQH�
6O� ��� 3RORCDM DNFHSWRUVNRJ QLYRD X S�WLSX SROXSURYRGQLND
=D SROXSURYRGQLNH YDCL MHGQDaMHGQDaLQD HOHNWURQHXWUDOQRVWL�LQD HOHNWURQHXWUDOQRVWL�
dDaA nNppNn −+=−+ �
JGH MH 1'� NRQFHQWUDFLMD GRQRUVNLK SULPHVD�
1$� NRQFHQWUDFLMD DNFHSWRUVNLK SULPHVD
QG� NRQFHQWUDFLMD HOHNWURQD QD GRQRUVNRP QLYRX �QHMRQL]RYDQL GRQRUL�
SD� NRQFHQWUDFLMD ^XSOMLQD QD DNFHSWRUVNRP QLYRX �QHMRQL]RYDQL DNFHSWRUL�
dDD nNN −=+
−+
=
kT
EE
Nn
fd
Dd
exp2
11
aAA pNN −=−
−+
=
kT
EE
Np
af
Aa
exp21
7LSRYL SROXSURYRGQLND7LSRYL SROXSURYRGQLND
�� =D VRSVWYHQL �EHVSULPHVQL� SROXSURYRGQLN 1' 1
$ Q
G S
D �� L L] MHGQDaLQH
HOHNWURQHXWUDOQRVWL VOHGL�
pn =
3ROXSURYRGQL PDWHULMDOL 51
n
pvcf
m
mkTEEE ln
4
3
2+
+=
$NR MH PQ P
S)HUPLMHY QLYR MH QD VUHGLQL
]DEUDQMHQH ]RQH �6O� �����
6O� ��� 3RORCDM )HUPLMHYRJ QLYRD X VRSVWYHQRP SROXSURYRGQLNX
�� 'RQRUVNL SROXSURYRGQLN 1$ S
D � �Q � WLS SROXSURYRGQLND�
-HGQDaLQD HOHNWURQHXWUDOQRVWL LPD REOLN�
dD nNpn −+=
D� 1D QLVNLP WHPSHWDWXUDPD XJODYQRP HOHNWURQL VD (GSUHOD]H X SURYRGQX ]RQX
MHU HOHNWURQL L] YDOHQWQH ]RQH QHPDMX GRYROMQX HQHUJLMX GD SUHGMX X SURYRGQX]RQX ⇒ S ≈ �
dD nNn −=
E� 1D YLVRNLP WHPSHUDWXUDPD L HOHNWURQL L] YDOHQWQH ]RQH PRJX GD SUHGMX XSURYRGQX ]RQX
++=−+= DdD NpnNpn
$NR VX VYH SULPHVH MRQL]RYDQH QG �� D YDCL Q!!S� RQGD MH�
DNn ≈
AHVWR VH YH` VREQH WHPSHUDWXUH VPDWUDMX YLVRNLP WHPSHUDWXUDPD�
�� $NFHSWRUVNL SROXSURYRGQLN 1'� Q
G � �S � WLS SROXSURYRGQLND�
ppNn aA =−+
Ec
Ef
Ev
3ROXSURYRGQL PDWHULMDOL 52
D� 1D QLVNLP WHPSHUDWXUDPD Q ≈ �
ppN aA =−
E� 1D YLVRNLP WHPSHUDWXUDPD
pNn A =+−
$NR VX VYH SULPHVH MRQL]RYDQH SD �� YDCL GD MH S!!Q� RQGD MH S ≈ 1
$
�� 3RWSXQR NRPSHQ]RYDQL SROXSURYRGQLN
1' 1
$
�� 'HOLPLaQR NRPSHQ]RYDQL SROXSURYRGQLN
1$! 1
'→ S � WLS SROXSURYRGQLND
1'! 1
$→ Q � WLS SROXSURYRGQLND
��� ,]UDaXQDWL NRQFHQWUDFLMX��� ,]UDaXQDWL NRQFHQWUDFLMX SULPHVD X 6L SR PSULPHVD X 6L SR P�� DNR MH NRQFHQWUDFLMD SULPHVDDNR MH NRQFHQWUDFLMD SULPHVD
�SSP� G�SSP� G6L6L ���J�FP ���J�FP��� 0� 06L6L ����J�PRO� ����J�PRO�
5H^HQMH�5H^HQMH�
�SSP � � DWRP SULPHVD QD PLOLRQ DWRPD VLOLFLMXPD
�FP� → ���J 6L → 16L
�PRO → ����J 6L → 1$
��� �16L ���� � 1
$
molg
molcmg
molg
NcmgN ASi
/1.28
/11002.6/3.2
/1.28
/3.2 2333 ⋅⋅=
⋅= �
328
322
1093.4
1093.4−
−
⋅=
⋅=mN
cmN
Si
Si
3226
1093.410
−⋅== mN
N Siprim
��� 8 X]RUNX *H QDOD]L��� 8 X]RUNX *H QDOD]L VH ��VH ������ DWRPD 6E SR PDWRPD 6E SR P��� 8]LPDMX`L GD VX SUL VREQRM� 8]LPDMX`L GD VX SUL VREQRMWHPSHUDWXUL VYL DWRPL 6E MRQL]RYDQL RGUHGLWL NWHPSHUDWXUL VYL DWRPL 6E MRQL]RYDQL RGUHGLWL NRQFHQWUDFLMX HOHNWURQDRQFHQWUDFLMX HOHNWURQD L ^XSOMLQD�L ^XSOMLQD�>LULQD ]DEUDQMHQH ]RQH X JHUPDQLMXPX MH (J ����H9�>LULQD ]DEUDQMHQH ]RQH X JHUPDQLMXPX MH (J ����H9�
3ROXSURYRGQL PDWHULMDOL 53
5H^HQMH�5H^HQMH�
6E � GRQRUVND SULPHVD → 1' ����P��
Q ≈ 1' ����P��
n
npnnp ii
22 =⇒=⋅
−
=
−=
kT
E
h
kTm
h
kTm
kT
ENNn gpngvci exp
22
22exp
2/3
2
2/3
22 ππ
VPDWUDPR GD MH PQ PS P�
−
=
kT
E
h
kTmn gi exp
24
3
202 π
314
3
20
2
102.6
exp2
4−⋅=
−
== mN
kT
E
h
kTm
N
np
D
g
D
i
π
Q !! S
��� =D��� =D *H NRML VDGUCL �*H NRML VDGUCL �⋅��������PP���� DWRPD $V L ��DWRPD $V L ������PP���� DWRPD *D L]UDaXQDWL SRORCDMDWRPD *D L]UDaXQDWL SRORCDM)HUPLMHYRJ QLYRD X RGQRVX QD GQR)HUPLMHYRJ QLYRD X RGQRVX QD GQR SURYRGQH ]RQH QD 7 ���.� (IHNWLYQDSURYRGQH ]RQH QD 7 ���.� (IHNWLYQDJXVWLQD VWDQMD X SURYRGQRMJXVWLQD VWDQMD X SURYRGQRM ]RQL MH 1]RQL MH 1&& �� ��
����PP����� D NRQFHQWUDFLMD VRSVWYHQLK� D NRQFHQWUDFLMD VRSVWYHQLK
QRVLODFD QQRVLODFD QLL � �⋅��������PP����� 6PDWUDWL GD VX QD GDWRM WHPSHUDWXUL� 6PDWUDWL GD VX QD GDWRM WHPSHUDWXUL VYH SULPHVHVYH SULPHVHMRQL]RYDQH�MRQL]RYDQH�
5H^HQMH�5H^HQMH�
dDaA nNppNn −+=−+ ← MHGQDaLQD HOHNWURQHXWUDOQRVWL
$NR VX VYH SULPHVH MRQL]RYDQH ⇒ SD Q
G �� MHGQDaLQD HOHNWURQHXWUDOQRVWL
LPD REOLN�
DA NpNn +=+
n
npnnp ii
22 =⇒=⋅
3ROXSURYRGQL PDWHULMDOL 54
nNn
nNn D
iA ⋅+=+
2
( ) 022 =−−− iAD nnNNn
( )2
4 22
2,1i
nNNNNn
ADAD +−±−=
322104 −⋅=− mNN AD ( ) 22 4 iAD nNN >>−322104 −⋅=−= mNNn AD
−−=
kT
EENn fcc exp
JeVn
NkTEE CfC
201024.214.0ln −⋅===−
(OHNWULaQD SURYRGQRVW SROXSURYRGQLND(OHNWULaQD SURYRGQRVW SROXSURYRGQLND
6 RE]LURP GD VX QRVLRFL QDHOHNWULVDQMD L HOHNWURQL L ^XSOMLQH� JXVWLQD VWUXMH
MH GDWD L]UD]RP�
Kjjj pn ⋅=+= σ �
D VSHFLILaQD SURYRGQRVW SROXSURYRGQLND MH
pn epen µµσ +=
=D VRSVWYHQL SROXSURYRGQLN�
inpn == �
SD MH VSHFLILaQD HOHNWULaQD SURYRGQRVW�
( ) ( ) ( ) kTE
pnVCpni
g
eNNeen 22/1 −+=+= µµµµσ
=DYLVQRVW VSHFLILaQH HOHNWULaQH SURYRGQRVWL RG WHPSHUDWXUH VH PRCH GDWL
L]UD]RP�
kT
Eg
e 20−
⋅= σσ JGH MH ( ) ( )pnVCNNe µµσ += 2/10
3ROXSURYRGQL PDWHULMDOL 55
��� 6RSVWYHQD VSHFLILaQD SURYRGQRVW SROXSURYRGQLND QD��� 6RSVWYHQD VSHFLILaQD SURYRGQRVW SROXSURYRGQLND QD WW�� �� ��°& MH& MH σ�� ��� ���ΩP�P�������D QD WD QD W�� �� ��°& MH& MH σ�� ��� ���ΩP�P�������
D�D� 2GUHGLWL ^LULQX ]DEUDQMHQH2GUHGLWL ^LULQX ]DEUDQMHQH ]RQH L ]DYLVQRVW]RQH L ]DYLVQRVW σ I���7�� I���7��
E�E� RGUHGLWLRGUHGLWL ��
F�F� QD`L VSHFLILaQX HOHNWULaQX RWSRUQRVW QD W ��QD`L VSHFLILaQX HOHNWULaQX RWSRUQRVW QD W ��°&�&�
5H^HQMH�5H^HQMH�
D� kTEg
e 20−
⋅= σσ
Tk
Eg 1
2lnln 0 −= σσ
56.213lnln 1 ==σ KT 3001 =1
1
003.01 −= KT
34.496lnln 2 ==σ KT 3502 =1
2
0028.01 −= KT
21
12
11lnln
2TT
k
Eg
−
−= σσ
eV
TT
kEg 73.011lnln
2
21
12 =−
−= σσ
6O� ��� 2GUHGMLYDQMH ^LULQH HQHUJHWVNRJ SURFHSD QD RVQRYX ]DYLVQRVWL σ I�7�
E�
−=
101 2exp
kT
Egσσ ⇒ ( ) 171
10 109.12exp −Ω⋅=
= m
kT
Egσσ
F�
==
kT
Eg2
exp11
0σσρ
mΩ= 028.0ρ
~ k
Eg
2
σOQ
2σOQ
1σOQ
T
1
2
1
T 1
1
T
3ROXSURYRGQL PDWHULMDOL 56
��� 6RSVWYHQD VSHFLILaQD��� 6RSVWYHQD VSHFLILaQD HOHNWULaQD RWSRUQRVW *H QD 7 ���. MHHOHNWULaQD RWSRUQRVW *H QD 7 ���. MH ρ ���� ����ΩP�P�3RNUHWOMLYRVW HOHNWURQD L ^XSOMLQD3RNUHWOMLYRVW HOHNWURQD L ^XSOMLQD NRG *H ]DYLVL RG WHPSHUDWXUH QD VOHGH`LNRG *H ]DYLVL RG WHPSHUDWXUH QD VOHGH`L
QDaLQ�QDaLQ� µQQ ��� ���⋅������77����������PP���9V L�9V L µSS ��� ���⋅������77��������PP���9V�9V
,]UDaXQDWL VRSVWYHQX NRQFHQWUDFLMX QRVLODFD QDHOHNWULVD,]UDaXQDWL VRSVWYHQX NRQFHQWUDFLMX QRVLODFD QDHOHNWULVDQMD�QMD�
5H^HQMH�5H^HQMH�
( )ρ
µµσ 1=+= pnien
( )pni en µµρ += 1
( )Vs
mn
267.13 255.0300105.3 =⋅= −µ
( )Vs
mp
23.24 183.0300101.9 =⋅= −µ
3181036.30 −⋅= mni
��� 8 SROXSURYRGQRP PDWHULMDOX VX SRNUHWOMLYRVWL HOHNWURQD L ^XSOMLQD��� 8 SROXSURYRGQRP PDWHULMDOX VX SRNUHWOMLYRVWL HOHNWURQD L ^XSOMLQD µQQ LL µSS ]D]DNRMH YDCLNRMH YDCL µQQ !! µSS� .DGD VH SURYRGQRVW SRVPDWUD NDR IXQN� .DGD VH SURYRGQRVW SRVPDWUD NDR IXQNFLMD NRQFHQWUDFLMHFLMD NRQFHQWUDFLMH^XSOMLQD SRND]DWL GD VH PLQLPDOQD YUHGQRVW SURYRGQRVWL PRCH^XSOMLQD SRND]DWL GD VH PLQLPDOQD YUHGQRVW SURYRGQRVWL PRCH L]UD]LWLL]UD]LWL
VD�VD�( )
pn
pni µµ
µµσσ
+⋅
=2/1
min
2NDGD MHNDGD MH
2/1
=
p
ninp µ
µJGH MHJGH MH iσ SURYRGQRVWSURYRGQRVW
VRSVWYHQRJ SROXSURYRGQLND�VRSVWYHQRJ SROXSURYRGQLND�
5H^HQMH�5H^HQMH�
pn epen µµσ +=
.RG VRSVWYHQRJ SROXSURYRGQLND Q S QL
⇒ ( )pnii en µµσ +=
p
nnnpn ii
22 =⇒=⋅
pni epp
ne µµσ +=
2
3ROXSURYRGQL PDWHULMDOL 57
pni
pni
p
ne
p
ne
dp
d µµµµσ =⇒=+−=2
2
2
2
0
2/1
=
p
ninp µ
µ
pp
nin
p
ni
i en
n
ne µ
µµµ
µµ
σ ⋅
+
=
2/1
2/1
2
min
( ) ( )pni
ipnie
nenµµ
σµµσ+
=⋅= 2/1min 2
( )pn
pni µµ
µµσσ
+⋅
=2/1
min
2
��� ,]UDaXQDWL RGQRV��� ,]UDaXQDWL RGQRV WHPSHUDWXUQLK NRHILFLMHQDWD VSHFLILaQH HOHNWWHPSHUDWXUQLK NRHILFLMHQDWD VSHFLILaQH HOHNWULaQH RWSRUQRVWLULaQH RWSRUQRVWLSROXSURYRGQLND $ L % DNR MHSROXSURYRGQLND $ L % DNR MH ^LULQD ]DEUDQMHQH ]RQH SROXSURYRGQLND $^LULQD ]DEUDQMHQH ]RQH SROXSURYRGQLND $((J$J$ ���H9� D SROXSURYRGQLND % ( ���H9� D SROXSURYRGQLND % (J%J% �����H9� �����H9�
5H^HQMH�5H^HQMH�
3R GHILQLFLML WHPSHUDWXUQL NRHILFLMHQW VSHFLILaQH HOHNWULaQH RWSRUQRVWL MH�
dT
dρρ
α 1=
6SHFLILaQD HOHNWULaQD SURYRGQRVW MH�
kT
Eg
e 20−
= σσ
kT
Eg
e20
11
σσρ == kT
Eg
e20ρρ =
−=
−= 22
20 22 kT
Eg
kT
Ege
dT
d kTEg
ρρρ
3ROXSURYRGQL PDWHULMDOL 58
22 22
11
kT
Eg
kT
Eg
dT
d −=
−== ρ
ρρ
ρα
18095.0
7.1
2
2
2
2
===−
−=
eV
eV
Eg
Eg
kT
EgkT
Eg
B
A
B
A
B
A
αα
��� .RQFHQWUDFLMD��� .RQFHQWUDFLMD >RWNLMHYLK GHIHNDWD QD VREQRM WHPSHUDWXUL X SROXSURYRGQLNX>RWNLMHYLK GHIHNDWD QD VREQRM WHPSHUDWXUL X SROXSURYRGQLNX3E6H MH Q3E6H MH Q>> ��� ���⋅��������FPFP����� 8]LPDMX`L G� 8]LPDMX`L GD MH HQHUJLMD IRUPLUDQMD >RWNLMHYLKD MH HQHUJLMD IRUPLUDQMD >RWNLMHYLKGHIHNDWD MHGQDND ^LULQL ]DEUDQMHQHGHIHNDWD MHGQDND ^LULQL ]DEUDQMHQH ]RQH� L]UDaXQDWL YUHGQRVW UHODWLYQH SURPHQH]RQH� L]UDaXQDWL YUHGQRVW UHODWLYQH SURPHQHRWSRUQRVWL� SUL SURPHQL WHPSHUDWXUH RGRWSRUQRVWL� SUL SURPHQL WHPSHUDWXUH RG ∆7 ��.� G ����7 ��.� G ����⋅������NJ�PNJ�P����$$3E3E ������J�PRO� $ ������J�PRO� $6H6H �����J�PRO� �����J�PRO�
5H^HQMH�5H^HQMH�
S
lR ρ=
ρρρ ∆=∆⇒∆=∆
R
R
S
lR
−=⇒=
22
0 2kT
Eg
dT
de kT
Eg
ρρρρ
TkT
Eg∆
−=∆
22ρρ T
kT
Eg
R
R∆
−=
∆22
šš
kT
Uš
š n
NkTUeNn ln22 =⇒⋅=
−
JMn
dNkTUAAM
M
dNN
š
AšSePb
A 20106.4ln2 −⋅==⇒+==
4.5=∆R
R
3ROXSURYRGQL PDWHULMDOL 59
x
z
y
+RORY HIHNDW X SROXSURYRGQLFLPD+RORY HIHNDW X SROXSURYRGQLFLPD
3RVPDWUDMPR SROXSURYRGQLN VD 1 UD]OLaLWLK YUVWD QRVLODFD QDHOHNWULVDQMD�
1DHOHNWULVDQMH L�WH YUVWH QDHOHNWULVDQMD MH TL I
L⋅H JGH MH I
L≠ � � ]QDN QDHOHNWULVDQMD�
� D QL² NRQFHQWUDFLMD L µ
L� SRNUHWOMLYRVW L�WH YUVWH QDHOHNWULVDQMD �6O� �����
kBB
iKK
z
x&&
&&
=
=
6O� ��� >HPDWVNL SULND] +RORYRJ HIHNWD X SROXSURYRGQLFLPD
iKfKfv xiiiiix&&
& µµ ==
∑=
=N
ixix Kj
1
σ
iii enµσ =
( )BvqFixi
&
&
&
×=
jKK HyH&&
=
jKqKqF HyiHie&&&
==
( )BvqKqFFFixiHiei
&
&
&&&&
×+=+=
iii KqF&&
⋅=
( ) jKjBKfKK iyzxiiHyi&&&
=−= µ
∑ ∑∑= ==
=−==N
i
N
iiiizxi
N
iHyiyiy fBKKKj
1 11
0σµσσ
zxN
iii
N
iiii
zxN
ii
N
iiii
Hy BKne
nfe
BK
f
K
∑
∑
∑
∑
=
=
=
= ==
1
1
2
1
1
µ
µ
σ
σµ
B&
K HK
3ROXSURYRGQL PDWHULMDOL 60
i
N
ii
xN
ii
xx
ne
jjK
µσ ∑∑==
==
11
zxN
iii
N
iiii
Hy Bj
ne
nfeK
2
1
1
2
=
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µ
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1
2
==
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µµ ==
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pi
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( )222
npe
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np
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( )222
npi
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3ROXSURYRGQL PDWHULMDOL 61
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H µµµµ
+
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000 22 =−⇒=⇒= npHH npRU µµ
2
2
p
n
n
p
µµ=
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np
p
np
p
np
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n
pn
p
np
p
enep
ep
j
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µµ
µ
µµµ
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+=
+=
+=
pn
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n
p
n
np
p
n
p
p
n
p
j
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µµµ
µµµ
µµ
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+=
+=
2
2
2
2
2
2
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2
160320
32011
1
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= −−−
TT
T
j
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333.03
11 ==−=
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3ROXSURYRGQL PDWHULMDOL 62
gλ dλ λ
1
apsorpcija
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E�E� WLS SROXSURYRGQLND�WLS SROXSURYRGQLND�
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5H^HQMH�5H^HQMH�
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mc
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056.01008.9
22,
45.21091.3
507,
21
19
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==
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−
−
µλλ
λλ
6O� ��� $SVRUSFLRQL VSHNWDU GDWRJ
SROXSURYRGQLND
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