Autorem materiálu a všech jeho částí, není-li uvedeno jinak, je Mgr. Soňa Quisová.Střední škola hotelnictví a služeb a Vyšší odborná škola, Opava, příspěvková organizace.

Materiál byl vytvořen v rámci projektu OP VK 1.5 – EU peníze středním školám,registrační číslo CZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0879.

the Czech Republichistory

prosinec 2013 VY_32_INOVACE_AGJ_140302

• the Czech Republic has a long history

• the territory has been inhabited by Slavonic tribes since the 5th century

• the first state was called the Samo´s Empire (founded in 653)

• in the 9th century – the early mighty feudal Great Moravian Empire was formed

• the power was taken over by the Czech tribe headed by the Přemyslid dynastywith the prince Bořivoj I

The very beginnings

Great Moravian Empire and its greatest extent under the reign

of Svatopluk I, it covered an area of many current states

such as the Czech and Slovak Republics, Hungary, partly

Croatia, Poland and Germany Bořivoj I – the first documented emperor, died in his thirties

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• in 1306 the Přemyslid dynasty died out

• the Czech throne went to the Luxemburgs

• the Czech Kingdom became the centreof the Holy Roman Empire, mainly during the reign of Charles IV and his sonWenceslas IV

the tomb of Johnof Luxemburg, the 10th Bohemian king, who got

blind during his life

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Charles IV• the king and emperor • a very intelligent and

educated man• Prague became one of the

largest European metropolises of that era,it was a significant centreof art, education and architecture during his reign

• the founder of Charles University (1348)

• the constructions of Karlštejn and Charles Bridge were also started

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The Hussite Movement

• the first part of the 15th century is marked by the Hussite Movement(1419-37)

• it is named after Jan Hus– a professor, a dean and later a rector of Charles University

• he was tried by the Church Council in Constance and burnt as a heretic in 1415

• the leading representatives were Jan Žižka and Prokop Holý

Jan Hus

painting of Jan Hus in Council of Constance

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• after the reign of King Jiří of Poděbrady and after the period of the Jagiellonian dynasty on the Czech throne, there came the period of the Habsburg dynasty

(1526 -1918) • the Czech nation was

oppressed in favourof the Germans and the Roman Catholic Church

Rudolf II – supported the arts, science and culture, he believedin astrology and alchemy, Prague became an important centre during his reign

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• the battle on White Mountain (1620) started a period when the Czech statehood, language and national life suffered

• there were great attempts to suppress it, everything was Germanized the picture of the Battle

on the White Mountainin 1620

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• the 19th century brought a time of national revival

• learned people tried to revive Czech language, literature and theatre

• among the Czech revivalist are J. Jungman, F. Palacký, J. K. Tyl,K. J. Erben, B. Němcová,J. E. Purkyně and manyothers

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National Revival

The Czechoslovak Republic

• after the end of the WW I the Czech nation regained the stability again and the Czechoslovak Republic was established

• the first Czech president was elected – it was Tomáš G. Masaryk

the First Republic is the name of the Czechoslovak Republic since its establishment until the Munich Treaty signedin 1938

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Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk

• a stateman, politician, philosopher and pedagogue

• became the first Czech President in 1918

• elected four times• was nominated for the

Nobel Peace Prize • the nickname: the papa

Masaryk

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The Second World War (1939-1945)

• the Czechoslovak politicians were made to accept the Munich Treaty which was the end of the First Republic

• the German occupation began• the so-called Bohemian and

Moravian Protectorate was declared

• Slovakia declares the independence

• 1942 – bomb attack on Heydrich, the Czech village Lidice was burnt down as a revenge

• the WW II ended in 1945, May 8

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the occupation of Brno by the German troops

memorial to the children of Lidice taken to the concentration camp after Lidice was burnt down by Germans

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The Communists regime

• the power was taken over by the communists directed by the Soviet Union in 1948

• the year 1968 is marked by the invasion of the Soviet Army which suppressed the Prague Spring (the period of political relief )

• Jan Palach and Jan Zajíc burnt themselves in protest against the normalizationin 1969

Palach and Zajíc Memorial in Prague, in the middle the picture of M. Horáková sentenced to death during the communists political trials

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1969-1989

• during the following two decades, the ideologically troublesome people were removed and destroyed

• the so-called Charter 77 was formed – an initiative referring to the denialof human and citizen rights in the ČSSR a plaque of Jan Patočka, the

speaker of Charter 77, professor, campaigner, died during an exhausting examination by StB– the so-called State Police

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The Velvet Revolution

• is the era of changes between the 17th November and 29th December 1989 that led to the fall of the communists regime and the beginningof a democratic state

• it´s called „velvet“ for its non-violent character (except the events of the 17th November when the protesting students were attacked by StB

Wenceslas Square during the Velvet Revolution

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Václav Havel (1936–2011)

• a playwright, essayist, critic of the communist regime, politician, and the 9th president of the Czechoslovak Republic

• arrested and sentenced for his opinions

• the co-founder of Charter 77 and later, after the fall of communist regime, also of Občanské fórum

• the first post-communist president

• nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize

• elected the president three times altogether

• died in 2011obr. 22

since the 1990s

• 1993 – Czechoslovakia split into the Czech and Slovak Republics

• 1997 – the Czech-German Declaration was signed– the aim was to make the relationship between these to states better

• 1999, March 12 – the country joined NATO

• 2004, May 1 – joined the European Union

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• CHUDÁ, Jana, Chudý, Tomáš. .Topics for English conversation. Havlíčkův Brod.Fragment, 1996. ISBN 80-7200-051-9.

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