B.Cayci1,  B.Günaydın1,S.Yuksel1,   S.Soylemez1,  C.Altundarak2

Gazi  University  School  of  Medicine1&  Hacettepe  University  Faculty  of  Sports  Science2

Ankara,  Turkey

www.berringunaydin.com

OutlineOxidative stress and smokingMalondialdehyde (MDA) in smokers and non-smokers

MDAAnalysisEffect of smoking

Background OXIDATIVE STRESS is an imbalance

between oxidants and antioxidants on a cellular base

One of the particular sources of oxidative stress is smoking

One of the particular biomarkers of oxidative damage is MDA

Clin Chimica Acta 2007

Oxidative Stress

AntioxidantsSOD &GSH-PX

or Vit E, C & A

OxidantsMDA

SmokingPhysical ExerciseUV

radiation

Oxidative Stress Inducers

Tobacco smoke contains

gas and tarphase

and other oxidants

InduceOXIDATIVE

STRESS

Smoking

Smokers(cigarettes/

day)

Light ≤10

Moderate11-20

Heavy>20

What is moderate exercise?

moderate-intensity walk corresponds to 100 steps/min or 3,000 steps/30 min

It can be measured either by using pedometers or monitoring O2 uptake

during exercise in the lab

mild

moderateworkout

vigorous

Treadmill  at  speeds  between  2.4  to  4.1  miles/h,  the  number  of  steps  per  min  to  reach  moderate-intensity  exercisefor  men  was  between  92  to  102  and  for  women  it  was  between  91  to115  steps/  min

Analysis

TBARS/UV  

TBARS/FL

HPLC

MDA is  a  simple  screnning  method  of  oxidative  damage  which  has  been  extensively  used  in  smokers

rough  estimate  of  MDA

Clinical Studies with serum MDA levels (µmol/L) using TBARS

Total (n) Non-smoker

Smoker p Male (n) Female (n) TBARS

123 20.7 24.0

Background

We have previously investigated temporal changes and/or daily fluctuations by determining indicators of lipid peroxidation such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in a small number of critically ill patients under oxidative stress versus healthy volunteers (as control) in order to design an effective antioxidant therapy regimen

Background

MDA levels were significantly higher in the study group at 8 pm than that of control group (P

Results Gunaydin et al. Minerva Anestesiol 2007

No significant differences were found in SOD and GSH-PX activities within the 24 h period or between the groups. GSH-PX activities in control and study groups revealed only temporal variation

Consequently there are signs of oxidative stress in ICU patients that vary in time but further studies are required in order to design appropriate antioxidant treatments

Aim

The aim of the present study is to investigate the acute effect of moderate exercise on oxidative stress by determining serum MDA levels in moderate smoker subjects versus non-smokers

Patients and Methods 50 healthy subjects performing moderate

intensity exercise were assigned to 2 groups Group 1 (n=25) moderate smokers (11-20

cigarettes/day) Group 2 (n=25) non-smokers were enrolled

Sampling Venous blood samples were collected to

determine MDA levels before & after moderate exercise

Biochemical Analysis MDA levels (as an indicator of lipid

peroxidation) were detected in serum by TBARS/UV as described using the table

Hunter  et  al.  Neurochem  Res  1985

CalculationsStep 1 Std1 (20 nmol/mL)à0,354 Std2 (10 nmol/mL)à0,186 Std3 (5 nmol/mL)à0,083

20/0,354=56,5 10/0,186=53,7 56,5 + 53,7 + 60,2 = 170,4 5/0,083=60,2 170,4/3=56,8 (common factor)Step 2 (Sample abs / Std abs) x std concentration = MDA

(nmol/mL)

Statistical Analysis Results were expressed as mean±sd

One-way ANOVA and unpaired t-test were used to assess differences between pre-exercise and post-exercise within smokers and non-smokers as well as between females and males

p

Results

Smoker (n=25) Non=smoker (n=25) Age (year) 34.0±0.8 32.8±1.0 BMI (kg/)cm2) 24.9±0.9 22.9±1.2 Sex (male/female) 12/13 11/14

Table 1. Demographic properties (mean±sd)

p>0.05

Results

Smoker (n=25) Non=smoker (n=25) Pre-exercise 3.98±0.23 2.05±0.75 Female 3.99±0.33 2.09±0.34 Male 3.97±0.22 2.01±0.44 Post-exercise 5.78±0.91* 3.25±0.88 Female 5.90±0.54# 3.20±0.65 Male 5.66±0.32 3.30±0.24

*:p

Discussion & Conclusion MDA detection in serum by TBARS, which is

a simple and low cost analysis, appears to bepositively correlated with smoking status in female subjects

Therefore, MDA determination can beconsidered a valuable screening tool in demonstrating the oxidative stress due to moderate exercise particularly in smokers to reorganize healthier life style.

Thank you