Study of E-Waste Management in Cyberabad Zone NASSCOM FOUNDATION OFFICES ACROSS INDIA Delhi Office A1 -125, Third Floor, Safdarjung Enclave Opposite Ambience Public School New Delhi 110029, India Phone : +91 11 64782655/56/57/58/59/60/61/62 Mumbai Office Samruddhi Venture Park Ground Floor, Office # 13-16 Central MIDC Road Andheri East Mumbai- 400093 India Phone : +91 22 28328535/36/37/38/18/19 Fax : +91 22 28361576 Bangalore Office JSS Institutions Campus, First Floor, CA Site No.1, HAL 3rd Stage Behind Hotel Leela Palace Bangalore 560 008 India Phone: +91-80- 4115 1705-706 Fax: +91-80- 41151707 Hyderabad Office Unit 105, 1st Floor, Maximus 2B Raheja MindSpace, Madhapur Hyderabad 500082 Phone: +91-40- 6636 6111/222/333/ 4025 1616 Fax: +91-40- 6636 6333 Pune Office B Wing, 5th Floor,MCCIA Trade Tower, International Convention Centre Complex, Senapati Bapat Road, Pune 411016 Fax: 020 25630415 Email: E-mail: [email protected]Prepared By Supported By
Transcript
Study of E-Waste Management in Cyberabad Zone
NASSCOM FOUNDATION OFFICES ACROSS INDIA
Delhi OfficeA1 -125, Third Floor,
Safdarjung Enclave
Opposite Ambience Public School
New Delhi � 110029, India
Phone : +91 11 64782655/56/57/58/59/60/61/62
Mumbai OfficeSamruddhi Venture Park
Ground Floor, Office # 13-16
Central MIDC Road Andheri East Mumbai- 400093 India
Phone : +91 22 28328535/36/37/38/18/19
Fax : +91 22 28361576
Bangalore Office JSS Institutions Campus, First Floor,
CA Site No.1, HAL 3rd Stage
Behind Hotel Leela Palace Bangalore 560 008 India
Phone: +91-80- 4115 1705-706
Fax: +91-80- 41151707
Hyderabad Office Unit 105, 1st Floor, Maximus 2B Raheja
“Effective e-waste management is the need of the hour. NASSCOM Foundation through its BiGBridge program helps companies dispose their e-waste in a responsible manner and at the same time 'give back' through donations of end of life computers. The Foundation has partnered with TSIIC-GIZ to build a robust model of e-waste management among companies in the Cyberabad Area. This report not only provides critical insights into the current e-waste management practices for companies but provides a blueprint of e-waste management for companies in the future.”
Dr. Ganesh NatarajanChairman, NASSCOM Foundation
“The 5 point program on Retrofitting of IT Parks in Cyberabad Zone provides a unique opportunity to develop a prototype for brown field development of smart cities through retrofitting. Cyberabad can serve as a pioneer in efficiently utilizing available assets, resources and infrastructure to enhance quality of urban life and provide a clean and sustainable environment.”
Jayesh RanjanSecretary, Information Technology, Electronics and Communications (ITE&C) Department,Government of Telangana
Prepared BySupported By
1. Preface2. Testimonials from Companies3. Glossary4. E-Waste Scenario : A Quick Scan5. Background6. Objective7. Literature Guidance8. Fate of E-waste9. Typical E-Waste Management System in India10. E-Waste Regulation Scenario in India11. Current E-Waste Management Practices
Amongst Companies which Participated in the Study12. Survey Methodology13. Survey Overview14. Survey Results15. Recyclers� Perspective16. Reseller & IT Parks� Perspective17. Mapping Challenges18. Way Forward19. Swot Analysis Of Existing E-waste Management
Practices Studied During The Survey20. Proposed Pilot Project Model: Information Portal20. References21. Annexure I22. Annexure II23. Annexure III24. Annexure IV25. Annexure V26. Annexure VI27. Annexure VII28. Annexure VIII29. Annexure IX
CONTENTS
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PREFACE
India produces 13 Lakh Metric Tonnes of e-waste per annum, one of the fastest growing waste streams, with a compound annual growth rate of 25%. However, most of the e-waste management is undertaken by the informal sector, using largely crude methods of disposal, leading to serious environmental and health hazards. It also means a sub-op�mal u�liza�on of the e-waste and resultant waste of resource.
E-waste management presents both a challenge and an opportunity. The Indian IT Industry is one of the largest producers of e-waste. Therefore the Industry has the responsibility to lead the movement of effec�ve e-waste management in the country, offering a benchmark for others to emulate.
NASSCOM Founda�on through its BigBridge program has been working towards building environmental and socially responsible e-waste management processes in the Industry. Telangana State Industrial Infrastructure Corpora�on's (TSIIC) pilot ini�a�ve on “Retrofi�ng of IT Parks in Cyberabad” to serve as a prototype for the brownfield development of Smart Ci�es is laudable.
NASSCOM and TSIIC decided to jointly work on a research report capturing the current prac�ces of e-waste management of IT companies. It is my pleasure to share with you the resultant compila�on of best prac�ces followed by 41 IT companies in the Cyberabad area that together generate about 615.7 tonnes of e-waste annually.
The partnership between NASSCOM Founda�on and Telangana State Industrial Infrastructure Corpora�on (TSIIC), aims to support ins�tu�onaliza�on of a robust framework for e-waste management in the Cyberabad Zone. Hyderabad is the sixth largest generator of E-Waste in the country, amoun�ng to 25000 MT of E-Waste annually. The report discusses the various solu�ons that can be adopted to streamline e-waste management prac�ces.
I sincerely appreciate the ini�a�ves of companies who have established e-waste management processes and have shared their prac�ces for the purpose of this publica�on. I would also like to congratulate TSIIC Project team and the team at the NASSCOM Founda�on for their efforts towards this research of great significance.
R. Chandrashekhar President, NASSCOM
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CEO Chief Executive Officer
CFL Compact Fluoroscent Lamp
CII Confederation of Indian Industries
CPCB Central Pollution Control Board
CPU Central processing units
CPU Central Processing Unit
CSR Corporate Social Responsibility
EEE Electrical and electronic equipments
EOL End of Life
EPR Extended Producer Responsibility
FY Financial Year
GHMC Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation
GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit
HBC Hyderabad Bicycle Club
HDD Hard Disk Drive
HMDA Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority
HMR Hyderabad Metro Rail
IALA Industrial Area Local Authority
IGEP Indo-German Environment Partnership Department
IMF International Monetary Fund
ISO International Standards Organisation
IT Information Technology
ITIR Information Technology and Investment Region
Kg Kilogramme
LED Light Emitting Diode
MAIT Manufacturers Association for Information Technology
MOEF Ministry of Environment and Forests
MSW Municipal Solid Waste
MTA Metric Tonne per Annum
NEP National Environmental Policy
OEM Original Equipment Manufacturers
OHSAS Occupational Health and Safety Advisory Services
PCBs Printed circuit boards
PCC Pollution Control Committee
PSU Public Sector Unit
RAM Random Access Memory
RoHS Reduction of Hazardous Substance
SEZ Special Economic Zone
GLOSSARY
ADP
“We at ADP live by the core value of Social Responsibility and are committed towards Environmental Sustainability. At ADP, we make proactive decisions every day in our offices, homes and communities to help protect the environment and conserve resources. Our focus is on reducing waste, emissions, and our energy needs across the globe through an array of initiatives. One of our leading initiatives in India, is our association with NASSCOM & the BigBridge's de-bonded PCs donation program. These PCs will be refurbished by experts and given to NGOs. We are extremely pleased to be able to do our bit towards the vision of a Digital India.”
- Sreedhar Gunduboina, CSR Program Manager
Thomson Reuters
Our association with NASSCOM Foundation goes a long way. The BigBridge program has been mutually beneficial. We are very glad that over 8000 assets, we have donated in the last four years, are being put to good reuse by NGO partners & schools identified by NASSCOM Foundation.
For Thomson Reuters, benefits have been manifold. Some of the key benefits have been NASSCOM doing the due diligence of the beneficiary NGOs and schools; effective reuse / recycle of computers & peripherals and most importantly this being one of our key CSR activities. We are proud to be associated with NASSCOM Foundation in this journey and our endeavor remains to hear more such success stories of the BigBridge program benefiting many educational institutions.
- Bernadette Dsouza, Senior Project Coordinator
TESTIMONIALS FROM COMPANIES
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E-WASTE SCENARIO : A QUICK SCAN
The global electronics market with a total turnover close to $1.774 trillion is the largest and fastest manufacturing industry in the world. Mobile phones, TVs, PCs, etc. account for 53% of the electronics industry while the rest is accounted for by embedded electronics in transport (cars, planes, trains, etc.), defence and manufacturing equipment.
According to the study by Ernst & Young, the Indian domestic demand for electronics products is expected to reach $125 billion by 2014. Recent estimates from Manufacturers' Association of Information Technology (MAIT) estimates that Indian PC alone industry is growing at a 25% compounded annual growth (CAG).
The increasing �market penetration in a developing country like India coupled with �replacement market� in and �high obsolescence rate� in developed countries makes E-Waste as one of the fastest growing waste streams.
A recent study by ASSOCHAM estimates that India produces 13 Lakhs MT of e waste per annum with a compound annual growth rate of 25%. Hyderabad is the sixth largest generator of E-Waste amounting to 25000 MT of E-Waste annually. The report further states that only 2% gets recycled through the organized sector.
E-Waste also has serious environmental and health implications. WHO states that health risks may result from direct contact with harmful materials such as lead, cadmium, chromium, brominated flame retardants or poly-chlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), from inhalation of toxic fumes, as well as from accumulation of chemicals in soil, water and food.
Hence, it is imperative to have a robust E-Waste management so that E-Waste is not only managed with minimal environmental and health impact but also boost resource efficiency through utilization of secondary resources.
Study of E-waste Management in Cyberabad zoneNASSCOM Foundation BigBridge Program
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OBJECTIVEBACKGROUND
The overall objective of the E-Waste management component is to create awareness and develop a culture of responsible E-Waste management among the member companies in TSIIC leading to responsible E-Waste management practices.
Also, NASSCOM Foundation will provide the necessary inputs and integrated support towards creation of viable WEEE/ E-Waste management pilot project in the Hi-tech city with the existing, function BigBridge programme. After successful implementation, this could be scaled up to include additional industrial parks and SEZ's in Telangana State.
Aim of the Study
The study aims to develop a Feasibility Report to map and understand existing E-Waste management practices that will result in creation of a viable WEEE/ E-Waste management model. The model would then be implemented through a Pilot Program carried under the joint effort of NASSCOM Foundation and joint effort with TSIIC under the Program of �Retrofitting of Existing IT Parks in the Cyberabad Zone�.
The Feasibility Study would include the following:
Data collection and analysis of the type of E-Waste generated in the IT Parks
Study of existing E-Waste management practices
Identifying and quantifying the existing legal and procedural gap in the current system of E- Waste management.
Identification of technically and economically viable model of E-Waste management
Business model - capital costs, operating costs, user charges/costing aspects, service provider/mode of delivery of services etc.;
Operational and Management framework including the roles and responsibility of stakeholders (TSIIC-IALA, NASSCOM Foundation, Companies, Recycling Partners)
Monitoring and Evaluation Framework
With the New Industrial Policy framework launched by TSIIC in 2014, this report also intends to tie in its recommendations to be in line with the framework for better implementation of E-Waste management.
parks of Madhapur and Nanakramguda as a part of its feasibility study. Through the study, the Foundation aims to understand the current practices and challenges of companies in the area of E-Waste Management.
At the end of the study, through a feasibility report, the Foundation will propose viable models of E-Waste Management that can augment �Retrofitting of the IT parks�.
The overall process will be carried out as part of the NASSCOM Foundation's BigBridge programme, where companies will be on-boarded to dispose their E-Waste in a responsible manner. The long-term strategy is aimed at facilitating responsible E-Waste management practices and develop a model IT park in the Cyberabad Zone.
The Telangana State Industrial Infrastructure Corporation Ltd. (TSIIC) conducted an Environmental Improvement Drive for one month in various Industrial Parks of TSIIC across Telangana State, during June 05 - July 05, 2013. The drive had given positive results and strengthened TSIIC's thought process in introducing systematic retrofitting programme in industrial parks. Accordingly, a 5-Point Strategy for Retrofitting Industrial Parks of TSIIC, starting with IT Parks under Cyberabad Zone was conceived that included
5. Storm-water Management and Rain Water Harvesting
The IT Parks to be covered under Cyberabad Zone are IT Madhapur (L&T infocity, IT Park Madhapur, Raheja, Knowledge City and Phoenix), Financial District, IT Park Nanakramguda and IT Park Manikonda. In continuation to the above, TSIIC identified CII Godrej GBC [CII Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre of the Confederation of Indian Industry], NASSCOM Foundation, SRACO (Society for Rural Awakening and Community Organisation), HBC (Hyderabad Bicycle Club), HMDA (Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority), HMR (Hyderabad Metro Rail, GHMC (Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation), Forest Department of GoAP and Ground Water Department of GoAP as potential partners for the 5-Point Strategy for Retrofitting Industrial Parks of Cyberabad Zone of TSIIC. The EMP Cell of TSIIC and GIZ-IGEP Cell at TSIIC are co-ordinating the activity.
The activity includes three phases as below:
Phase 1: Preparation of Feasibility Report
Phase 2: Implementation Phase (pilot study, collection and management of E-Waste)
Phase 3: Monitoring and documentation
There are about 175 companies in the two identified IT Parks in Cyberabad Zone of TSIIC generating a significant amount of E-Waste. It is given to understand that these IT Parks presently do not have proper E-Waste management system.
In order to understand the current scenario, NASSCOM Foundation conducted a study in the IT
BigBridge programme is a hardware donation
program that provides NGOs access to
refurbished computers with licensed software,
donated by IT companies.
Study of E-waste Management in Cyberabad zone6 7NASSCOM Foundation BigBridge Program
LITERATURE GUIDANCE
E-WASTE FACTS AND OVERVIEW
E-Waste Definition
Electronics industry being the world's largest and fastest growing manufacturing industry is also the source of generation of huge quantities of discarded electronic items. These discarded items are the fastest category of waste material in the industrial and corporate world as well. They are referred to as Electronic waste,
�E-Waste� or �Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment� (�WEEE�) . E-Waste is defined [1][2][3]as 'Waste generated from used electronic devices and household appliances which are not fit for their originally intended use and are destined for recovery, recycling and disposal' .[4][5]
E-Waste is the fastest growing waste stream, with a growth rate of 3-5% per year. WEEE today already constitutes 8% of municipal waste and is one of the fastest growing waste fractions. As per the current estimate 2.7 million tonnes of E-Waste are generated in India annually . More than 60% of [6][7]the total WEEE/E-Waste generated by sixty-five cities in India and 70% of the total WEEE/E-Waste is generated by ten states in India. Among the WEEE/E-Waste generating states in India, Maharashtra ranks first followed by Tamil Nadu, Telangana State, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Delhi, Karnataka, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Punjab. The top ten cities generating WEEE/E-Waste include Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore, Chennai, Kolkata, Ahmedabad, Hyderabad, Pune, Surat and Nagpur .[8]
E-Waste can be broadly categorised into the following two broad categories as per Schedule I, E-Waste Handling Rules, 2011 :[9]
Information Technology and Telecommunication equipments: Personal computers, Laptops, Central processing units (CPUs), Printed circuit boards (PCBs), wires, printers, ink cartridges, keyboards, mouse, facsimile and copying instruments, telephones, cordless phones, departmental phones and all networking equipments
Consumer Electrical and Electronics: Refrigerators, Television, Washing Machines, Air Conditioners
FATE OF E-WASTE
Useful electrical and electronic equipments (EEE) at the end of their life transform into E-Waste. These equipments also consist of hazardous/toxic substances in their components. These toxic substances such as chlorinated bi-phenyls, etched chemicals, etc. may pose risks to health and environment during unscientific dismantling and recycling procedures. Improper recycling and recovery processes would also lead to accumulation of toxic substances in the landfill sites which eventually pollute the groundwater sources through toxic leachates [10].
Alternatively, E-Waste can be considered for recovery of useful resources, such as, plastics, ferrous and non-ferrous metals. This is again a several step process:
Segregation of plastic, iron, HDD, RAM and Mother board
Iron sold to manufacturers
Plastic further classified as - hard and soft categories. Soft plastic is recycled. Hard plastic is not recyclable and currently goes directly to the landfill.
Semiprecious and precious metals are extracted from RAM and mother boards
Printed circuit board (PCB) goes to Umicore in Belgium or Iwatani Corporation in Japan or Itrimex in United Kingdom
Finally, the useful components recovered are channelized to appropriate end users and the remaining which cannot be recycled further paves its path to the landfills as per hazardous waste management rules.
Even precious metals, such as, gold, silver, platinum, palladium, and heavy metals like lead, cadmium and mercury can be recovered from E-Waste. Scientific and proper recycling of E-Waste opens gate to urban mining of useful metals as well by considering recovery from waste instead of dependence on mining for virgin metals. Hence, maximizing recycling of EEE can provide a better solution for these exponentially growing waste volumes. E-Waste recycling is largely handled by the informal sectors in India. However, currently there are 144 recyclers registered in India [11].
Study of E-waste Management in Cyberabad zone8 9NASSCOM Foundation BigBridge Program
TYPICAL E-WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN INDIA
E-Waste management in India, is a multi-stakeholder engagement process including producers, bulk consumers (government departments, PSUs, banks, educational institutes and companies), collection centres, dismantlers, recyclers, regulatory agencies (central and state pollution control boards and pollution control committees)[12]. Below is a graphical representation of multi stakeholder engagement in a typical E-Waste management system. The major responsibilities and relationship between the stakeholders are depicted as well.
E-WASTE REGULATION SCENARIO IN INDIA
promoting environment friendly global best practices for use and disposal of electronic products. They strategized 5 mechanisms to facilitate environment friendly E-Waste handling which would expedite best practices in E-Waste management, including:
Mechanism with industry to streamline E- Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2011
Streamline procedures to prevent E-Waste dumping
Facilitate implementation of EPR under the E- Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2011
Promote development of recycling for domestically generated E-Waste
Development of IPR and electronics products in Green Technologies within Electronic Development Fund
The regulatory guidelines effective in the Indian context currently are the E-Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2011. As mentioned earlier, these guidelines focused on all stakeholders including consumer, bulk consumer, urban Local bodies, producer, and producer manufacturing EEE, dismantler and recycler.
The need for the regulation on E-Waste in India came into picture only after the National Workshop on electronic waste management held in March 2004 and June 2005 organised by CPCB (Central Pollution Control Board) and Ministry of Environment & Forests. An assessment of the then existing E-Waste Management practices was conducted. A consensus was arrived at - lack of specific environmental laws or Guidelines for E-Waste.
The handling of E-Waste back then was mostly by the informal sectors. There was no reference guide to handle the hazardous components involved in E-Waste. Prior to that E-Waste was covered under the purview of �The Hazardous Waste Management Rules, 2003�[14]. Based on the Basel convention, 1992, E-Waste which was covered under the Annex VIII, was included as part of these rules.
The first attempt to formulate an exclusive guideline for E-Waste was made by CPCB in 2007 � �Guidelines for Environmentally Sound Management of Electronic Waste�. These guidelines provided guidance on E-Waste identification as well as handling of E-Waste in an environmentally sound manner.
The thrust of these guidelines was on sustainable development by harnessing the high recyclable potential of E-Waste involving environmentally sound technology and management practices. The focus was also on giving legal recognition and strengthening the informal sectors system for collection and recycling of E-Waste.
The next step in the regulatory framework was the development of E-Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2011 (under the Environmental Management and Protection Act, 2010, which are operational since May 2012)[13]. These rules involved - stakeholders in the E-Waste Management process. However, the major stake was introduced on the �Producers� by way of �Extended Producer Responsibility� (EPR). The scope of implementing the EPRs in order to promote and execute proper handling of E-Waste was also described in these rules [13].
Some of the companies who have Take Back Programmes are Nokia, HP and Lenovo
This framework further gained importance when the National Policy on Electronics, 2012 was released by the Department of Information Technology, Ministry of Communications and Information Technology which also focused on
Basel convention was an international treaty to control transboundary movement of Hazardous wastes.
More details on these guidelines at: http://www.cpcb.nic.in/TEXT/AS/Final-E-Waste-Documents/full-text.pdf
More details on these guidelines at: http://deity.gov.in/sites/upload_files/dit/files/NPE_Notification.pdf
Execution of responsibilities by the stakeholders is possible through the mode of various infrastructural facilities, programmes and legal obligations. Although, an over-arching E-Waste management system exists in the urban Indian society, yet there is a need to identify problems at the grass root level considering all involved and make appropriate amendments in the implementation modes.
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4Evolve guidelines for Implementation)
Recycle Viable Components
Maintain records of E-waste generated and channelized to registered/authorized collection centres/ recycler/ dismantler
Consumers(Government Departments, PSUS, Banks, EducationalInstitutes and Companies)
Regulators(CPCB, SPCB, PCC)
Recyclers(engaged in recycling orreprocessing of used electrical and electronic equipment or assembles or their component)
Stakeholder Relationship
& Their Responsibilities
Producers(Manufacturer of Electrical & Electronic Items)
Implantation of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)
Fig 1: Multistakeholder Engagement in E-Waste Management
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Study of E-waste Management in Cyberabad zone10 11NASSCOM Foundation BigBridge Program
sampling and testing methodologies and protocol for enlisting RoHS test laboratories
Extended Producer Responsibility � Concept and Ground Realities
As per the concept of extended producer responsibility, the producer is responsible for management and disposal of the products after their end of life. The responsibility of the producer is extended to organise and finance the systems for effective management of the discarded products. Currently, the whole process flow of E-Waste management is EPR driven (Fig 2).
The major challenge in implementation of EPRs is due to lack of regulatory modes for effective return of E-Waste to the producers. Take back programmes are the only initiatives which establish a direct connectivity between consumers & bulk consumers and producers. Hence, there is the need for strategizing channels between these two major stakeholders for effective E-Waste management.
Recently in 2014- a study conducted by Toxic Link [6] reported that the take-back mechanism, which is a system to collect E-Waste from the consumers, is blatantly ignored by a number of companies. One third of the brands assessed by them had no take-back mechanism at all, and more than half of them did not provide any information on physical collection points[17]. This perhaps could be an outcome of the legislation which has no provision of penalties for the producers which can act as a deterrent for not adhering to the regulation.
Represented below is a table which gives the synopsis of the E-Waste Management and Handling Rules 2011.
Details are provided in Annexure IX
RoHS compliance Principle
The Guidelines for implementation of Reduction in the use of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) provision as prescribed in Rule 13 of e-waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 2011 � regarding was brought out by the Ministry of Environment and Forests in 2014 through a notification (No.12-85/2014-HSMD).
The implementation framework is provided below:
Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) will implement the RoHS provision based on self- regulation model that may include the following components:
o Developing a Central Registry of Producers
o Development of a mechanism for self- declaration on RoHS compliance
o Development of a dynamic database on various EEEs being placed in the market by producers
o Random verification on RoHS (of both declared and non-declared EEES)
Information on RoHS will be a pre-requisite criteria for granting Extended Producer Responsibility authorization by State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs)/ Pollution Control Committees (PCCs).
Since CPCB has no dedicated Laboratory for RoHS testing, it may enter into an MoU with C- MET (Centre for Material for Electronic Technology) RoHS laboratory, located at Hyderabad for a period of 3 years for using Lab facilities for RoHS testing, development of
Chapter 1
Chapter 5
Chapter 2
Chapter 6
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Schedule I
Schedule II
Schedule III
Forms
Contains definition of various terms
Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive 2002/95EC (RoHS)
Responsibilities of the producers, collection centers, dismantlets, recyclers and
bulk consumers.
Duties of Regulatory authorities, annual report from producers, collection centers,
dismantlers, recyclers, transportation on, accident reporting
Procedure for seeking authorization and registration
Storage of e-Waste
List of equipment
Exemptions list for RoHS
Duties of regulatory authorities
Form 1, Form 2, Form 3, Form 4 and Form 5
Chapters/Schedules/Forms Survey Stakeholders
ProducerOne who, irrespective of the selling technique used; manufactures and offers to sell electrical and electronic equipment under his own brand; or offers to sell under his own brand, assembled electrical and electronic equipment produced by other manufacturers or suppliers; or offers to sell imported electrical and electronic equipment.�
To implement Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) through Take Back programmes or establishing Collection Centres To create awareness on handling E-WasteTo obtain authorization from SPCB, PCC as per Rule 9 To maintain records in Form 2 To file annual returns in Form 3
Stakeholder Definition Responsibility
To maintain records on E-Waste generated and channelize the E-Waste to registered/authorised collection centres/recyclers/dismantlers
To obtain authorization from SPCB, PCC as per Rule 9 To ensure safe and scientific storage and disposal of E-WasteSend all non recyclable /recoverable material to authorized treatment, storage and disposal facility To maintain records in Form 2 To file annual returns in Form 3
To grant authorizationTo monitor and assure compliance
To evolve standards and guidelines for implementation; To oversee the progress made in implementing the Rules and also to implement RoHS complianceTo create awareness amongst major stakeholders
Obtain Authorization as per Rule 9 from SPCB, PCC, Proper collection and storage in secured manner till it reaches dismantler(s) or recycler (s) Ensure no damage to equipment. Waste during transportationFile returns in form 3 to SPCB, maintain records in form 2
· Obtain Authorization as per Rule 9 and 11 from SPCB, PCC, Proper collection and storage in secured manner till it reaches dismantler(s) or recycler (s) Ensure safe and sound dismantling with no environmental and health impact Ensure no damage to equipment. Waste during transportation Segregate and send all dismantled material to registered recyclerSend all non recyclable /recoverable material to authorized treatment, storage and disposal facility File returns in form 3 to SPCB, maintain records in form 2
Bulk Consumers (Bulk users of electrical and electronic equipment) Central Government or State Government departments, Public Sector Undertakings, Banks, Educational Institutions, Private Companies (including multinational and international agencies) that are registered under the Factories Act, 1948 and Companies Act, 1956
Regulatory Agencies State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) Pollution Control Committees (PCCs)
RecyclerAny person who is engaged in recycling or reprocessing of used electrical and electronic equipment or assemblies or their component,
Study of E-waste Management in Cyberabad zone12 13NASSCOM Foundation BigBridge Program
National Leverl EnforcementMinistry of Environment & Forests
Regulator - SPCB
Consumer
Bulk Consumer
Urban Local Bodles
Collection CenterIndividual/Common
PRODUCER Recycler / Dismantler
Compliance Reporting RHOS
CPCB
Compliance Report
ESTGuidelines
Informal Sector,Refurbishes,
Collection bins,mobile units etc.
Verification
Verification
Verification
Authorization
RegistrationEST Complance
AuthorizationEPR compliance
Authorization & MoU
Take-back
CURRENT E-WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONGST COMPANIES WHICH
PARTICIPATED INTHE STUDY
The major stakeholders involved in the E-Waste management practice in Cyberabad are the following:
Companies
Recyclers
IT Park management
SEZ and STPI authorities
Office of The Commissioner of Customs, Central Excise and Service Tax
*Source- E-Waste -Management and Handling Rules, CPCB, 2011 Practices may vary from company depending on internal operations and processes
Fig 2: Ecosystem of E-Waste Management
IF IMPORTED
IF PROCURED FROM LOCAL MARKET
Yes/ NoNO
YES
Storageor
Reconsld eration
Storage
Find Recycler
Taken by Recycler
Approval from SLZofficials for Disposing
Custom Duty
Payment
Removalfrom Asset
Register
REACHED END OF LIFE
NOTREACHED END OF LIFE
NO
YESYes/ No
Verificationfrom Customs Department
Bill of Entry
InternalApproval
IT Decides Equipment
has reachedEnd of Use
Finance
IT
Facility/Logistics
Procure ment Stores
Storage or Reconsideration
DepartmentsInvolved
Process
Ste
p f
or
De
-bo
nd
ing
Internal Approval
Represented below in figure no. 2 is the ecosystem of E-Waste management
Represented below in Fig 3 below is the indicative standard disposal process at companies.
Fig 3: Indicative Standard Disposal Process10
Study of E-waste Management in Cyberabad zone14 15NASSCOM Foundation BigBridge Program
The project was initiated by using a combination of primary and secondary research. The focus of the research was to study the practices and challenges being faced by major stakeholders: companies, recyclers and resellers. The study covers practices of companies,
E-Waste generation, E-Waste storage, de-bonding, disposal, disposal revenue and the major challenges faced during execution of their responsibilities.
RESEARCH METHODS
The primary research methods used were Questionnaires and Interviews.
Questionnaires
The companies were chosen according to the IT parks located in both Madhapur and Nanakramguda. Companies having standalone facilities were also chosen.
In order to get an authentic perspective on E-Waste management in the IT- BPM companies, an online survey was conducted by mode of a questionnaire covering all functionalities of a typical E-Waste management practice. Alternatively, questionnaires were also sent offline to several IT companies within the Cyberabad zone for their valuable inputs regarding E- waste management which provided us with critical insights about the practices followed by the companies in the same context.
InterviewsOne-on-one personal interviews with key stakeholders within companies, recyclers and resellers were also conducted to get a better understanding on their E-Waste Management practices, the challenges faced by them and their suggestions which helped us in developing this road map for effective and responsible E-Waste management in the Cyberabad Zone.
Data Analysis
Data analysis involved the responses of all stakeholders included in the survey. The focus of the survey was data collection and analysis on the amount and type of E-Waste generated; studying the existing E-Waste management practices (recycling, reuse, refurbishing) and identifying and quantifying gaps between existing practices and
regulatory requirements; identifying technically and economically viable solutions for transportation, storage, handling, recycle/disposal of E-Wastes. This would evolve an appropriate remedial solution for establishing a viable WEEE / E-Waste management system in the two identified IT Parks in Cyberabad Zone of TSIIC in the form of a business model considering capital costs, operating costs, user charges, service provider/mode of delivery of services and operation and management aspects. The confidentiality of the data would be retained and hence the response of individual companies is not reflected in the data analysis.
Statistical Viability
Amongst the 175 companies in the two identified IT Parks in Cyberabad Zone of Hyderabad, a stratified random sampling of 41 companies was carried out for their feedback on E-Waste management. The analysis of the survey parameters were done mostly with a confidence interval of 10 and with a confidence level of 95%.
SURVEY OVERVIEWSURVEY METHODOLOGY
Details are provided in Annexure II.
RESELLER
One reseller, Reboot System India Pvt Ltd was contacted for their opinion on the existing E-Waste Management system in Cyberabad.
Details are provided in Annexure II.
The focus of this survey was to:
To identify current E-Waste Management practices in the Cyberabad area
To understand the penetration, awareness as well as practices of E-Waste management process in Companies
To understand the challenges encountered in the current E-Waste management process
To collate stakeholder suggestions and build a framework of robust E-Waste management in the Cyberabad zone
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
Companies located in Madhapur and Nanakramguda zone of Cyberabad area.
The survey stakeholders and the number of respondents in each category are detailed below:
COMPANIES
A total of 41 companies responded to the survey. This included large, medium and small companies situated in the IT parks of Cyberabad. The list of companies who participated in the survey is provided in Annexure I.
IT PARK MANAGEMENT
A total of 4 IT Park Management- Phoenix InfoCity, Tishman Speyer and Ilabs gave their valuable inputs for the survey.
RECYCLERS
Four recyclers operating in Cyberabad zone of Hyderabad, Telangana were interviewed for the survey.
Study of E-waste Management in Cyberabad zone16 17NASSCOM Foundation BigBridge Program
E-WASTE MANAGEMENT POLICY
50% of the companies do not have an exclusive policy on E-Waste management. 32% of the companies have their E-Waste management policy covered under the aegis of their Environment policy. 18% of the responders were not aware whether a policy existed. Only 1.23% companies had an exclusive policy for managing E-Waste with defined Turn Around Time (TAT). The study also indicated that the level of understanding on E-Waste Management procedures such as de-bonding, government approvals and documentation varied across functions within a company.
Represented below in figure no. 6 is the statistics on E-Waste Management Policy
Fig 6: Statistics on E-Waste Management Policy
E-WASTE GENERATION
Findings indicated that 29% of the companies generated E-Waste quarterly; 15% half yearly and 17% annually. Further, 37% of the companies generated E-Waste just once in 2 years and only 2% of the companies generated E-Waste only once in 5 years. It was therefore difficult for companies to estimate yearly average rate of E-Waste generation which was dependent on two major factors - i.e., End- of-life (EOL) of the electronic equipments and their respective de-bonding cost.
SURVEY RESULTSSERVICE LIFE OF ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENTS
The service life of electronic equipments is defined by a term "End-of-life" (EOL). The EOL is determined by the product manufacturer which refers to a period after which the product is at the end of its useful life.
The current findings revealed that the end of life was relative to companies based on the category of equipment as defined by the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) during procurement. 59% of the companies set the EOL at 5 yrs, 2% set it at 4yrs, 15% set it at 3yrs, 5% set it at 2 yrs and 2% set it as 6 months. 2% of the companies also defined end of life as 7 yrs and 10 yrs. The average EOL prescribed internally within the companies was dependent on the type of electronic equipments.
Represented below in figure no. 9 depicts the end of life as determined by the companies.
E-WASTE STORAGE
Duration
It is important to know that E-Waste generated does not lead to immediate disposal by companies. Hence, storage of E-Waste was an essential step in the E-Waste Management practice. As per the data provided by the companies, the average storage time spanned from one year for 39% of the companies, six months for 15% companies, three months for 18% companies, one month for 18% companies and two weeks for 10% of companies. It was also observed that the duration of E-Waste; storage was dependent on the time taken for internal approvals and the de-bonding process at companies.
E-WASTE QUANTIFICATION
It was observed in the current study that the quantification of E-Waste in companies was done in terms of weight (Kg) or in terms of numbers of units. While 45% of the companies quantified E-Waste in units of weight (Kg), 55% quantified E-Waste in terms of Units. The entities which are recorded as units are usually a complete set of equipments which are used for the purpose of donations. Other components which are accumulated in parts and not as an assembly are recycled in measures of weight. The study revealed that generation of E-Waste varied as per the size of the companies.
Large size companies: 40 -50 tonnes per yr
Medium size companies: 5-10 tonnes per yr
Small size companies: 2-3 tonnes per yr
E-WASTE IDENTIFICATION
As per the survey data, companies identified E-Waste as Monitors (14%), CPUs & Keyboards (13%), Computer peripherals (14%), Laptops and its peripherals (13%) and Printers & cartridges (11%). While 6% of companies identified tube lights & CFL consumer goods as E-Waste although this does not fall under categories identified under Schedule I of the E-Waste Handling Rules, 2011, 8% of the companies also disposed UPS and batteries as E-Waste. Companies also identified thin clients as E-Waste. It was inferred from the present study that 94% of the companies had clarity on E-Waste definition and Identification as prescribed in the E-Waste Handling Rules, 2011.
Represented below in figure no. 8 highlights the categories of E-Waste generated by companies.
Details are provided in Annexure II.
RESELLER
One reseller, Reboot System India Pvt Ltd was contacted for their opinion on the existing E-Waste Management system in Cyberabad.
Details are provided in Annexure II.
LOCATION OF COMPANIES
The findings revealed that 12% of the companies operated in IT parks, 18% in SEZ areas and 44% of the companies operated from both IT Parks and SEZ areas. Further, 26% of the companies were registered with the STPI. The survey data also suggested that 12% of the companies operated from their own buildings, 18% of the companies had multitenant occupancy and 71% of the companies operated from both owned buildings or from buildings which they occupied as multi-tenants or single tenants in these IT Parks/ SEZ areas.
Represented below in figure no. 4 is the bar indicating the location of companies in the Cyberabad zone.
VARIOUS FUNCTIONS INVOLVED IN E-WASTE MANAGEMENT
The study revealed that the E-Waste management process within the companies was diverse; involving stakeholders across various functions. Functions that were engaged: Facility/Logistics function (46%); IT function (23%); Procurement function (10%); Store/Customs function (5%) and Finance function (3%). Besides these, 13% of the companies also engaged their other functions, such as: Inventory, Technical Infrastructure Management, Information Security, Health & Safety and Quality; for E-Waste management.
Represented below in figure no. 5 categorizes functions, within different companies, involved in E-Waste Management
The size classification of the companies is based on the membership category provided by NASSCOM �Thin clients function as regular PCs, but lack hard drives and typically do not have extra I/O ports or other unnecessary features.� More details at: http://techterms.com/definition/thinclient
Fig 5: Various functions involved in E-Waste Management within companies
Fig 4: Location of companies
2%
17%
15%
29%
37%
Once a quarterTwice a yearonce in a yearonce in 2 yearsonce in 5 years
Fig 7: Frequency of E-Waste Generation
Represented below in figure no.7 is the frequency of E-Waste generated by companies.
Fig 8: E-Waste identification by companies
11
12
11
12
Study of E-waste Management in Cyberabad zone18 19NASSCOM Foundation BigBridge Program
E-WASTE DE-BONDING
The study revealed that 73% of the companies de-bond their IT assets annually while 13% half yearly, 7% in 9 months and another 7% de-bond quarterly. De-bonding process is tedious because of multiple layers of approvals and documentation involved. Therefore, it results in the time taken for storage till the disposal of IT assets. Further, it was also observed that there is no standard mechanism of dealing with unusable equipments before they reach their end of life.
Represented below in figure no.12 highlighting the time taken by companies to de-bond equipments.
Fig 12: De-bonding Frequency Statistics
E-WASTE DISPOSAL
Disposal Quantity
As found through the survey, the average disposal quantity varied from� 30 kgs/year for a small size company to 2,50,000 kgs/ year for a large size company. Those companies who quantified E-Waste in numerical units also had a wide range starting from 3 units/year for a small size company right up to 300 units/ year for a large size company. Disposal quantity was dependent on two important factors the size of the company and the EOL of the products. Some larger organizations have a formal process of quantification of E-Waste and have incorporated the same in their sustainability report, whereas many mid and small size companies work on lump sum disposal.
Modes of Disposal
The common E-Waste disposal modes adopted by companies are Recycling, Disposal to Scrap Dealer, Take Back Programs, Refurbishment, and Reuse. As per the findings, 45% of companies have adopted recycling as their mode of E-Waste disposal, while 25% dispose it away to scrap dealers. Some other options preferred by the companies are Take back programmes(14%) and Refurbishments(10%). Only 6% of the companies opt to reuse their E-Waste; it is important to note that certain companies follow multiple options of disposal at the same time. Recycling/destruction of
DISPOSAL REVENUE
As observed, 40% of the companies who recycle, generate revenue from the recycling process. Due to the sensitive nature of the data, most companies refrained from sharing details on this particular data point.
Represented below in figure no. 15 is revenue generation by companies from E-Waste.
Fig 15: Revenue Generation from E-Waste
DONATION OF USABLE ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT
As reflected from the study the percentage of companies opting to donate their used electronic items is low at 37%. 43% of the responders did not have a donation practice and 20% of the responders were not aware of any such practice. The average units of donation per company is less than 50 units/ year which is donated to either their own corporate foundations (23%), any other foundations (16%), government schools adopted by the companies(39%) and NGOs and Private Schools (23%). This is done either by themselves or through initiatives such as BigBridge by NASSCOM Foundation.
Represented below in Figure no. 16 is the statistics on donation by companies
Represented below in Figure no. 17 is the proportion of donations made to different groups by companies.
IT assets are the most prevalent method. The scope of refurbishing computers to extend their service life results in reuse of the electronic equipments (CPU, Monitors, Printers) which in turn benefit low income groups by harnessing tremendous potential of digital learning.
NASSCOM Foundation through its BigBridge program has donated over 7,000 systems to impact NGOs working in the area of education, skills and livelihood across the
Represented below in figure no. 13 is the disposal method spracticed by companies.Recycling
Fig 13: Statistics on Modes of E-Waste Disposal
Scenario at Companies
The study highlights that 70 % of the companies engage directly with a recycler to dispose their E-Waste. 58% of these companies engage with recyclers at a PAN-India; while 42% engage with local recyclers for their regional requirements. The frequently mentioned recyclers by companies were M/s. Earth Sense Recycle Private Limited and M/s Ramky E- Waste Recycling Facility (part of Ramky Enviro Engineers Ltd). 21% of these companies go through the stringent procedure of e-auction for engaging with multiple recyclers to retain quality of service. 3% of the companies conduct reverse supply chain audit (OHSAS: 18001: 2007; ISO:14001: 2004) of the recycler with whom they engage on an annual basis. The key selection criteria for companies to select E-Waste recyclers are SCPCB authorization and market rates of E-Waste offered by the recyclers.
Represented below in figure no. 14 is the statistics of engagement of companies with recyclers.
Represented below in figure no. 10 is the average time taken for storage in companies.
Fig 10: Average Storage Time for E-Waste in Companies
Storage Space
The findings of this particular data point revealed that that 78% of the companies had a dedicated space to store their E-Waste. However, 22% of the companies managed to store their E-Waste in the basement or any other identified space in the building premise. 58% of the companies said that builders did not provide a common area earmarked for E-Waste storage; whilst 35% of companies revealed that their building owners (eg. Raheja Mindspace) provided common designated spaces for them to store their E-Waste.
However, since the storage space is limited within the company premises and storage time gets extended due to tedious processes involved - asset declaration list, disposal clearance from various functions including custom clearance and de-bonding, storage of E-Waste mostly ends up in areas earmarked by the IT parks till final disposal.
Also products which go obsolete before their EOL add to the storage quantum, since companies prefer to store these equipments till they attain EOL and beyond; because of either delay in internal approvals or to save on duty charges.
Represented below in figure no. 11 highlights company owned storage v/s builder provided storage space.
YesNo
30%
70%
18%
39%
15%18%
10%2 weeks1 month3 months6 monthsup to a year
Companies having
Designated Storage Area
22
78
35
58
8
Yes YesNo No Don�t know
Storage Area Provided by
building Owners
% of Companies
73%
7%
13%
7%
3 months6 months9 months1 year
Dispose to scrap vendor
Take back program
Reuse
Recycle
Refurbish
25
14
6
45
10
% of Companies
Fig 11: Facts about E-Waste Storage Areas
Fig 14: Statistics of Engagement of Companies with Recyclers
40%
60%
YesNo
YesNoNA
43%
37%
20%
NGOs and private schools
Govt. schools
Any other corporate foundation
Own foundation
23
39
16
23
% of Companies
Fig 16: Statistics of Donation by Companies
Fig 17: Donation to Different Groups by Companies
Study of E-waste Management in Cyberabad zone20 21NASSCOM Foundation BigBridge Program
foundations, as a part of their CSR initiatives. However, there is no proper take back mechanism post the end of working life of these assets. Further, the schools, trusts & foundations who receive the donations are not appropriately informed of the proper disposal method
Volumes and Pricing
The Recyclers estimate the Cyberabad zone generates approximately 4000 MTA, of which Earth Sense gets 250-300 MTA and Ramky gets approximately 100 MTA
Average price paid by Authorised Recyclers to companies is Rs. 50/kg for CPUs and Rs. 300/kg for laptops. The unorganised sector pays Rs. 1500 per CPU and Rs. 2000 per laptop. Hence recyclers are unable to cope up with informal sector's significant rate disparities
Printed circuit boards (PCB) go to either Umicore in Belgium or Iwatani Corporation in Japan or Itrimex in United Kingdom or their metal extraction plants in developed countries.
There are 144 recyclers in India approved by CPCB as per an updated Recycler list (Nov 2014, there are 2 prominent Recyclers in Telangana and 4 independent collection centres
During the study, representatives from the following recyclers were met to get their perspective on e-waste management
The interactions with these recyclers lead to the following observations:
Inadequate quantities of E-Waste for processing
Recyclers feel that despite huge initial investments in technology, they are unable to get enough E-Waste due to competition among multiple players including independent collection centers and the unorganized sector. Lack of audit for the independent collection and dismantlers often result in E-Waste being channelized into the unorganized scrap market thereby; reducing quantities of E-Waste entering the formal, organized market
Logistical challenges
Collecting small amounts of E-Waste from individual companies is often not financially viable
Very few recycling companies audit their process to go beyond meeting compliance requirements
Data Security
Corporates are usually reluctant for leasing and off-leasing of reusable assets since they are not assured of their data security
There is a stiff competition amongst recyclers in Cyberabad. The companies, who recycle their E-Waste, look for a recycler who offers better rates for their E-Waste. These recyclers - in turn, attempt to recover their investment by offering customized solutions in logistics and data destruction for an additional cost
Donation by companies
Many companies donate computers and other electronic usable goods to schools, trusts and
RECYCLERS' PERSPECTIVE RESELLER AND IT PARK�S PERSPECTIVE
During the study feedback was sought from the following Reseller
Reboot System India Pvt. Ltd
Interaction with representatives from the above Reseller brought forth the following observations:
Resellers help companies with Donation, Refurbishing and Reselling
Despite Refurbishing being 25% more effective than direct recycling, the industry is a neglected one
Reselling does not feature in the E-Waste Rules 2011 and therefore has not gained much momentum in this space
Refurbishing actually pushes 'End of Life' further and thereby helps in reducing environment impact effectively
During the study; representatives from the following were met to get the IT Park industry's perspective
iLabs
Tishman Speyer
Phoenix Infocity
The IT Parks have expressed willingness to co-operate for developing a robust E-Waste management system for tenant companies. The park managements clearly stated that common storage areas can be rented to companies (if required) � for E-Waste storage. However, neither the companies nor the IT parks are attempting this as it neither simplifies the de-bonding process nor helps to reduce time taken for disposal.
However, one clear positive is that the IT Parks are willing to put up E-Waste bins which will encourage employees working in those parks to dispose their E-Waste through a formal channel.
RESELLER�S PERSPECTIVE
IT PARK�S PERSPECTIVE
Study of E-waste Management in Cyberabad zone22 23NASSCOM Foundation BigBridge Program
MAPPING CHALLENGES
Central and State governments are all attempting various initiatives to provide a conducive business environment which can reduce bureaucracy and increase transparency in processes leading to amicable stakeholder relationships. Telangana has an advantage of being the youngest state and therefore can attempt ambitious projects to be the best in class and lead innovation amongst other states.
Telangana state government also has plans to develop Hyderabad as a Smart City which will act as a hub of the Information Technology and Investment Region (ITIR). Hyderabad's growth potential as a city and its future expansion plans will depend on the steps taken to turn the city into a 'world class' urban area of which waste management constitutes an integral aspect. E-Waste management, therefore, needs to be ingrained into the DNA of this state [18, 19].
Proposed here is a workable model with specific recommendation based on the study which was conducted. The SWOT analysis of the study conducted helped identify key challenges and process gaps. The same in turn when juxtaposed against the environment and business aspirations of this vibrant state helped build this proposed model. This recommended model, if implemented, can empower the state to lead E-Waste Management practices in the country.
A diagrammatic representation of the challenges has been developed based on the feedback received from the companies which participated in the study. This clearly reflects the gaps in the existing system.
WAY FORWARD
Fig 18: E-Waste Challenges Map emerging from the study
Challenges
Complex debonding process
Varying levels of awareness
within the companies
No common SOP and EOL Matrix
Time consuming process leads to
opportunity loss for reselling
and donation
Lack of Supply Chain Audit
Study of E-waste Management in Cyberabad zone24 25NASSCOM Foundation BigBridge Program
Comprehensive Information Repository:
This integrated portal will attempt to host comprehensive (policy to technology to economics to social aspects of E-Waste Management) information and also be a medium to facilitate exchange of best practices, sustainable solutions and approaches on all policy and compliance related areas related to E-Waste.
Simplification Resource: E-Waste management is currently viewed as a complex process. This portal will try to bring together all possible forms, templates, guides and manuals at a single place.
The proposed model has two components � online and physical component.
Online � Portal
It is recommended that an online portal - www.e-resource.in, be initiated as a joint venture by TSIIC and IALA (Industrial Area Local Authority) to be driven by the IALA environmental committee of Madhapur and Nanakramguda, to act as an Online Resource for E-Waste Management. The name for this project has been suggested keeping in mind that this portal will provide the stakeholders with the relevant resources to manage E-Waste efficiently.
This portal will enable a comprehensive information and documentation framework which will help in E-Waste management.
More details on these guidelines at: http://deity.gov.in/sites/upload_files/dit/files/NPE_Notification.pdf
SWOT ANALYSIS OF EXISTING E-WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES STUDIED DURING THE SURVEY
PROPOSED PILOT PROJECT MODEL: INFORMATION PORTAL
STRENGTHS
86% of the companies have clarity on identification of E-Waste
70% of companies have existing engagement with recyclers which demonstrates existence of some form of E-Waste management
38% of companies donate IT assets
WEAKNESSES
Disparate knowledge levels across functions
No Standard Operating Process
Extended period of storage is detrimental to the reuse potential of the IT asset
Lack of clarity around de-bonding process
Lack of utilization of the designated storage
areas
E-Waste donation is not a prevalent practice
THREATS
Fear of data security prevents donation leading to destruction and preventing re-use.
Lack of reverse supply chain audit may lead to E-Waste landing in the unorganized sector
OPPORTUNITIES
Scope for targeted and customized training programmes
Formulation of SOP documentation
Scope to reduce effective disposal time
Simplification of the de-bonding process through online filing of Annual E-Waste returns
Donations to become the first default option for E- Waste management
Facilitation of supply chain audits of Recyclers to help companies to make well informed choices
Devise a ways for companies to vet and certify their E-Waste management processes
Resource Repository
List of Empaneledand audited Recyclers
Benchmark rate cards for E-Waste
Testimonials of Recyclers by companies
Guidelines, Notification Issued by MoEF, CPCB, SPCE will be updated regularly
Case Studies
Presentation
Videos
Testimonials
Templates of alldocumentationwhich needs to be maintained such asForm 2, Asset register
Facility of hosting allE-Waste related company documenton a Cloud for ease of access
Step by Step guide on the De-bondingprocess
Benchmark EOL matrix
How to select aRecycler
Latest happenings
Exhibitions
Seminars
Trainings and Workshops
Activation events
KnowledgeManagement
DocumentationProcess
SimplificationEvents
Corners
Study of E-waste Management in Cyberabad zone26 27NASSCOM Foundation BigBridge Program
Physical component
Audits and Empanelment
NASSCOM Foundation along with TSIIC will facilitate the development of appropriate audit criteria for the recyclers by working with the environment committee of IALAs and experts from the IT Industry.It will do so by constituting a committee of experts and industry leaders. Recyclers will then be audited periodically either by a member of the environment committee of the TSIIC-IALA or a designated third party appointed by TSIIC-IALA.
Development of a Stepwise Guide for De-bonding
The study clearly indicated that EOL (End of Life) is determined by a combination of inputs from different functions within any company. There can be a recommended EOL matrix available on this portal which companies, who do not have well established processes, may opt to follow.
A working group from representative companies of the pilot project can be constituted to help compile an EOL benchmark matrix as well as a SOP manual for E-Waste management process which in turn will become a handbook for E-Waste Management for the companies and will be available on the online portal.
Online Filing of Returns
A pilot project which enables online yearly E-Waste returns filing by companies in Cyberabad to be initiated. These companies could be subject to surprise audits by the environmental committee of TSIIC IALA or a relevant authority to validate the information declared online. This will enable volume identification on the portal and thereby result in volume growth in channelizing E-Waste to the authorized recycler. This recommendation falls under policy purview and needs to be evaluated by the relevant stakeholders.
Training & Capacity Building � Announcements for Peer Learning
Companies who are in the process of capacity building for the new facilities/joinees on E-Waste management can share their training dates on the portal and explore scope for opening it to a larger audience for peer exchange of practices. NASSCOM Foundation will identify partners (training consultants) to develop specific customized modules for capacity building within companies for E-Waste Management.
CONCLUSION AND THE WAY FORWARD
This research report we hope has provided critical insights into the current state of e-waste management practices in the Cyberabad area; set against the backdrop of creating a robust plan for the Five Point Retrofitting Program of the Telangana State Industrial Infrastructure Corporation (TSIIC).
NASSCOM Foundation along with TSIIC is currently amidst developing sustainable models that will put in place a robust e-waste management process through the Pilot Five Point Retrofitting of IT Parks in the Cyberabad area.
Specific topics for the training program will finalized after receiving the recommendations from Industry Leaders Possible training modules could be Simplifying de-bonding processes, Legal Aspects of E-Waste Management, Policy development for E-Waste Management13
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[12] E-Waste Management in India: The Corporate Imperative; TERI BCSD & YES Bank; October 2014
[13] Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India, Central Pollution Control Board, Delhi, 2011, �Implementation of E- Waste Rules 2011 Guidelines�.IndiaLaw.
http://www.cpcb.nic.in/ImplimentationE- Waste.pdf
[14] Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India, Central Pollution Control Board, Delhi, 2003, �The Hazardous Waste Management Rules�.
[3] E-Waste Management in India: Issues and options; Dr. Dileep B. Boralkar; National Conference on E-Waste Management; Indo- German-Swiss E-Waste Initiative, December 2008 http://www.cmai.asia/sppt/E-Waste- DILIP.pdf
[9] E-Waste rules 2011; Ministry of Environment & Forests. Retrieved from http://www.moef.nic.in/downloads/rules-and- regulations/1035e_eng.pdf in August 2014
Reboot System India Pvt. Ltd II Floor, Plot No 13, Kamalapuri Colony, Phase I, Srinagar Colony, Hyderabad � 500073
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Study of E-waste Management in Cyberabad zone30 31NASSCOM Foundation BigBridge Program
E-Waste Rules, 2011
Schedules and Forms
Schedule-1 under E-Waste Rules, 2011
SCHEDULE 1, Form 13
(See rules 2 (1), 3(j) and (k))
Categories of Electrical and Electronic Equipment Covered Under the Rules
FORM-2[See rules 4(8), 5(5) and 9(5)]
FORM FOR MAINTAINING RECORDS OF E-WASTE HANDLED/ GENERATEDQuantity in Metric Tonnes (MT) or Kilograms (kg) per year
1. Name & AddressProducer /CollectionCentre Dismanter?Recycler/Bulk consumer’
2. Date of Issue of Authorization’Registration’
3. Validity of Authorization’/Registration
4. Types & Quantity of e-waste handled/generated
Category Quantity
Item Description
5. Types & Quantity of e-waste stored
Category Quantity
Item Description
6. Types & Quantity of e-waste sent to authorizedcollection centre/registred dismantler or recycler
Category Quantity
Item Description
7. Types & Quantity of e-waste transported’
Category Quantity
Quantity
Name, Address and contactdetails of the destination
8. Types & Quantity of e-waste refurbished’
Category Quantity
Item Description
Name, Address and contactdetails of the destination ofrefurbished materials
9. Types & Quantity of e-waste refurbished’
Category Quantity
Item Description
Name, Address and contactdetails of the destination
10. Types & Quantity of e-waste recycled’
Category Quantity
Item Description
Name, Address and contactdetails of the destination
Types & Quantity of materials recovered Quantity
11. Types & Quantity of waste treated & disposed
Category Quantity
Item Description
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Sr. No.
1. I) ii)
iii)
iv)
v)
vi)
vii)
viii)
ix)
x)
xi)
xii)
xiii)
xiv)
xv)
xvi)
xvii)
xviii)
2.
I)
ii) iii)
iv)
Categories of Electrical and Electronic Equipment
Information Technology and Electronic Equipment:
Centralized data processing :
Mainframes, Minicomputers
Personal Computing :
Personal computers (Central Processing Unit with input and output devices)
Laptop computers (Central processing unit with input and output devices)Notebook computers
Notepad computers
Printers including cartridges
Copying equipment
Electrical and electronic typewriters
User terminals and systems
Facsimile
Telex
Telephones
Pay telephones
Cordless telephones
Cellular telephones
Answering systems
Consumer Electrical and Electronics:
Television sets (including sets based on (Liquid Crystal Display and Light Emitting Diode Technology),
Refrigerator
Washing Machine
Air conditioners (excluding centralized air conditioning plants)z
Study of E-waste Management in Cyberabad zone32 33NASSCOM Foundation BigBridge Program
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It takes anywhere between 15-20 days to 3-4 months for this entire process. The time taken depends on robustness of internal process of the organization, their terms with customs team (liasoning capability) and availability of the officer
EXISTING DISPOSAL PROCESS
The study has revealed that the existing E-Waste Management process is as follows:
Typical De-bonding process:
IT team decides equipment has reached End of Life
Internal approval is taken from various stakeholders across departments to decide whether the equipment will undergo disposal/reselling/donation/refurbishing
These equipments are then stored in identified areas in the building premises
Elements of De-bonding documentation:
Bill of entry - A bill of entry is a formal declaration describing goods that are being imported or exported. This document is examined by customs officials to confirm that the contents of a shipment confirm with the law and to determine which taxes, tariffs, and restrictions may apply to the shipment. The company submits the bill of entry form to customs along with details of invoice and year of purchase and entry into the premise
Once the Customs team receives the document, they appoint an officer to visit/verify all equipment and documentation
As per the end of life defined by OEM, custom team verifies the equipment. If the equipment has reached end of life- it is approved for disposal. If the equipment has not reached its end of life, then the organization is asked to pay duty for the remaining period of life to de-bond the equipment
Once the organization pays the duty amount, it is removed from the asset register of the organization and deemed ready for disposal
In case of SEZ sites, SEZ officers' approval is also needed to dispose the equipment
Vendor is identified by the team responsible for disposal
CORPORATE QUESTIONNAIREName of the company
Key business of the company
Building details in HYD
No. of buildings
Is there any building located in an IT Park (If yes, please provide name of IT park in which your building is located)
Out of above please mention Name of buildings located in SEZ park/ area (please mention Name and brief address )
Out of above please mention Name of buildings located in STPI park/ or registered under STPI (please mention Name and brief address )
Stakeholders involved in E-Waste management (please tick and write name and contact details in next row )- hid specific
Name
Phone no.
Email ID
E-Waste Identification & Storage (typically can be answered by IT/ customs team )
Does your organization have a separate policy on E-Waste management other than environmental policy ?
What all your company classifies as e
Please write approximate percentage of each category generated out of total E-Waste
What is end of life for E-Waste defined for your organization?- in years
What is the typical frequency of E-Waste generation?
What is average time taken from generation to disposal of E-Waste
How long it requires to store E-Waste before disposal
What is the frequency of De-bonding?
Do you have designated storage area for E-Waste?
Do building owners provide common space for storage?
E-Waste Disposal
What do you do with your E-Waste? (please tick all applicable )
What is your average disposal quantity per year ?
What is your disposal frequency?
Are you aware of any E-Waste recycler?
Who is your current recycler, are you engaged with them Pan India or locally?
Does your company have an option of e-auction where you engage multiple suppliers? If yes what are your key selection criteria for recyclers ?
Do you have a single recycler for all India sites or different?
Disposal revenue VS cost (may be answered by Finance or IT/ sourcing)
Do you generate any money out of sending to recyclers?
Does your company maintain for 2? If not then who maintains?
please mention documentation required for transportation, eg transport manifest, (form 13 etc) who maintains that
Does your company audit recycler before engaging them?
What are your key selection criteria?
Do recycler provide 100 % destruction certificate back to organization?
Donation of usable electronic equipment (may be answered by CSR team)
Do you donate used/end of life computers? If yes, Is this your own foundation/any other corporate foundation/ Gov schools/ NGO- please mention names as well and location.(within Telangana or outside )Average units of donation per year
Are you aware of the waiver off on De-bonding cost if donated to recognize NGO ? If yes Do you inform NGO or end beneficiaries on safe disposal practices ?
Challenges and Suggestions
Idea of this section is to capture current challenges faced by organizations and team handling this E-Waste management process and suggest a viable solution which can emerge as a win for both organization and government and environment.
Please mention top 5 challenges/gaps/issues faced by your organizations if any starting with 1 being critical challenge and 5 being having minor impact
Please mention 2nd most significant challenge
Please mention 3rd most significant challenge
Please mention 4th significant challenge
Please mention 5th significant challenge from the list
Please mention if another challenges faced by your organization then the mentioned in list
Do you have any suggestions or idea or model on more economically or environmentally viable solution to manage E-Waste?
What are your suggestion to further streamline and strengthen E-Waste management Practices
Do you have any suggestions or Feedback for Government on any policy decisions
Study of E-waste Management in Cyberabad zone34 35NASSCOM Foundation BigBridge Program
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Study of E-waste Management in Cyberabad zone 3938 NASSCOM Foundation BigBridge Program
Chapter 5: Reduction in use of hazardous substance in the manufacture of electrical /electronic equipment
Chapter 6: Talks about Miscellaneous on
authorities, transportation, accident reporting and
follow-up
Schedule 1 talks about catagories of waste
classified under E-Waste, consumer
electrical/electronic goods
Schedule 2: application for exemption from
requirement of subrule-1.
Schedule3: List of authorities and their
responsibilities
Applicable form 1(a)2,3,4,5
E- Waste Management Rules: MOEF-2011 Salient
As published by Ministry of Environment and Forest
Notification, E-Waste (Management and Handling)
Rules, S.O.1035E were released in May 2011, and stare in effect since 1 May 2012
The Rules broadly cover the following aspects:
Chapter 1: This section covers broadly on:
1) Short title and Commencement (E-Waste
Management & Handling rules- May 2011, steffective from 1 May 2012,
2) Application: Primarily applicable to every
Producer, Consumer, Bulk consumer involved in
manufacture, sale, purchase and processing of
electronic/electrical equipment or components
mentioned in Schedule 1, collection center,
dismantler, and recycler of E-Waste. Exception:
Batter ies (As def ined under Batter ies
(Management and handling Rules- 2001, Radio-
active waste, and Micro and Small Enterprise (as
per Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise Act
2006) are not covered under this rule
3) Key Definitions Like :Ace, authorization, bulk
consumer, Central Pollution Control Board,
collection centre, consumer, dismantler,
disposal process, environmentally sound
management of E-Waste, extended producer
responsibility, E-Waste, facility, form , historical
E-Waste, orphaned products, producer, recycler,
schedule, State Government in relation to a
Union Territory, State Pollution Control Board
and transporter.
Chapter 2: This primarily talks about Responsibility
of key stakeholders like Producer, Bulk consumer,
Dismantler, Recycler, Collection centre.
Chapter 3: Procedure for seeking authorization and
registration for handling waste: Procedure to grant,
Power to cancel/Suspend an authorization
Chapter 4: Procedure for storage of E-Waste: Every
producer, collection center, dismantler should not
store more than 180 days unless in the case of an
exception where it can go up to a year.
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Study of E-waste Management in Cyberabad zone 4140 NASSCOM Foundation BigBridge Program
Ashray Akruti works with under privileged children empowering hearing-impaired children to use their innate capacities to reach an optimum level of independence- both personally and professionally; thus transforming a large group of people depending on lifelong support from the State into a group of healthy, positive contributors to the economy.
“The computers donated through BigBridge program helped our special educators gain skills in computer literacy and use the same for their children in the class. The hearing impaired children are able to better understand the concepts presented through visuals. The children are also able to use the computers and are independent. We thank NASSCOM Foundation for their wonderful support”
- Mr. D.P.K Babu, Director, Ashray Akruti.
“The 5 point program on Retrofitting of IT Parks in Cyberabad Zone provides a unique opportunity to develop a prototype for brown field development of smart cities through retrofitting. Cyberabad can serve as a pioneer in efficiently utilizing available assets, resources and infrastructure to enhance quality of urban life and provide a clean and sustainable environment.”
