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3nu133b 'C1tflU03 B iol o1u13w i&It nwoda 3d 11B3 ti no!i3 woiv3Iq 3th iii noiiaoqoi lo Iooiq Hi iii eA .3vii3i131 iom eomo33d l3IthEq gnibsit 1 lo '(3iIoq I1 ai 3'rmu3 noii331 ai f1o1E

o1 l3ttEm 33fl 13ol 'lno 113(11 wol1o1 II .'iinu ii b3xiI i '(lirliJo3 r13133 iol 3ffl03fl1 b 'iiliiu

f13133 lii atnomib3qmi 3bEii 13n 3(11 no slno bn3q3b aiiq lol v&1 w a iu8 .'an3i3fl13

.2TIhBi n d b3nirrn3i3b '131iin3 ei 5u3113w iniot o bns 1ot33

3d 111w x ihsm iol TihEl 13n 1n3i3ffl3 3111 bitE X e1oia nwid 'ibmm' 3111 n,viD

3s1131313m113 bitE i 3nul3b Effl 3W lin3up3enoD . ihEm io1 ic1t s 3E 3(11

3113113w tnioi oci3b *\ --R (r)L 2nifl3J .1 1n3mib3qmi 3bIni in 3111 lo 13v31 1(13131113 3(11

l3i3fnElEq iuo l3bnu 11Edo1 bloc! 0> (:)"L noi1ibno3 13b1o-bno33 3111 i&lr gniion bilE

3bMi 1133o1qi351 1113i3ffl3 3111 n113b 0 = (:)' iscIi noiiibno3 13b1o-11fl 3111 noii3ni31

a n3iirIw 3d (1133 bits : 1n3m1

@1) .0=4+R

;313iloq rrwhdiliup3 desM 3111 3dh3e3b lath (01) ill 3aod1 rltiw bles1lno3 3d ',sm (of) noilibnoD

cii! .(0 I) iii ion lud (01) ni 233io113 ln3mrrI3vo 01 inov3l3l 315 3bEli-1o-e11r131 3111 1Bl1J3ihsq ni

1n3m331g13 3b1311 l13301q1331 1n313ffl3 3(11 lath (01) bits (01) lo noerisqmoa £ moil 3iaib3mmi eurhi

(31loq 3bali chasM c'inrnrrI3vo d3s3 moil enoilavilom 3bnhi-1o-crrrI3l 3111 Ii b3ninhis 3d 111W

3(11 (11 b3nib3b as \3iloq 31)511 lamilqo h1soili1oq 01 abnoqe3rIo3 CuLT :b3ianimih3 5113 e331of13

1eiise 23310113 3iloq 3bali rl3ue bits noii33e auoiv3lq

(VI) .0= . ;0= .N ;0= .'N ;0= +i

3111 iol enoieesiqx3 ii3llqx3 3vn3b bits l3bom iuo 1o 31u13u11e 31h33qe c1i iiolqx3 won 3W

diliW .arn3mib3qmi 3b1311 13n thesM bits 13(1 1n3i3ffl3 3111 bits e3i3iloq 31)511 lsmilqo h1a3il1loq

hoqmi fIB 101 (VI) 3vloe bits v113mm'e 32Offl1 3W 23i3iloq 3bBli 1smiiqo l1s3iiiIoq 01 bissr

chs isrhl boos Hs iol 233fl 113301 3111 3lm3n3 lath bits ° biedue hoqx3 bris llhsi

isril bnIl W .b3lanimiI3 n33d 3v1311 enoiiaviiom 3bsli-lo-elTrI3i 33(10 13151q bluow ln3mrn3vo

.o� =° o�

'mono33-LBoi!1oq n3rlw 3bs1 33u1 iol lls3 3i1oq 3bsli 1i$m!qo I1s3!ii1oq 3di irli 3vr3adO

T1hi tIoqmi n v1ovni 3!1oq 3bE1 IEmuiqo 1th3th1oq 3rfi ivrI3rhO Jnds 3Th 233n3uRni

i icIT .(M) avIo2 113111W 3i1oq 3blni n fl3i3ifl3 3th ix3n i3bino3 .bidu rloqx3 as

flhi n ilasM 3rli 1) niu I1sniI .

LTQy8 I \ [1+yE—yJ L=: d nvi n3rIw b33qx3 A

. [9ye—y8—IOI] \ [+I—y8] = as nfliiw 3d 11133

cIasM 3rh bns 3bs1 ñ oi bnoq3rio3T1hi n nioffl ch etflO2dE is 33113 mono33-1133!n1oq

.3viiioq i IIhsi tn i3n 1miiqo 11133iii1Oq 3111 ninfl3U .wo11th as b3lBqmo3 l3rIhLJI 3d vjm T1hS1 1n 3rIT

ti 13 in3i3ii13 b33bth i IIFnsi in Ismiiqo '11133iti1oq 3111 isdI 3v13c1 3w as lIhsi

:lsrli 3vI3ado w (E1) niau 1x3M .&:=S: 1BI11 Iias3 awollol

.0< [Q+y8-]Q4

= 101]

ln3i3ffi3ni ai muhdiliup3 dasM 3d1 in3a1q 3113 ato113 'monoa3-1s3iii1oq Ion io 13di311W aun1T

.3bsTt 311111 ool ni aIIua3l bns

:noila3adua aifil b anibnfl 113111133 3111 3SIBff1fflU2 won 3W

3nrIS TirisI 3111312 3rD nI :' nohiogoi .3viIs3n-non 3113 biadua tIoqx3 bns Ihisl iloqmi Ismiiqo 11s31tiloq di .(i)

.1113i3ffl3 ai 3i1oq 3bs11 Ismiiqo '11s3i1i1oq 3(11 (ii)

dasM 3rD bns dgid ooi ai Tthsl dasH 1311 3111 as In313ifl3 ion ai 3i1oq 3bsli dasH 3111 .(iii) .wol 001 2 ,mulov nibsii

gni3fIsf1fI3-'3n13i3ffl3 io1 aiasd s isdi 3buI3noo audI 3W V noiiiaoqrn 'lb (iii) bris (ii) ahsq moiI

'd hsq ni ias3l is b3isviiom 3113 2in3mrri3vo Ii Ino bits Ii aaris ain3m331s 3bsli 1s3o1q1331

.at33113 3bs11-bo-a1TrI31

e33fI3H .

0 yb \ (a—'i ) b bits 0 >yb \ (:—': ) b isdi 3ion 01 gnuIe3l3ini ei ii 11sniI

bsir-1o-airn r1i eisnimi1 '1qmia nmia 3brn n!3ffl3 its ibnu noissi1sidi! bfn !ir1w

airD b tgtt 3rli tnrn35Ia ifs rf3ua Io 33n3ad5 rb iii ao isrt 2noij3rrt21 r13v-rxb

iioqmi no anmmvo cf b335!q r1i3w !n3itiloq 3r1 as (is) i11sma ai nohssitsl3dil

iioqmi no Irlgi3w li331i!Ioq 133151 s isift 3s1 f1i ab3fl3i airlT .igis1 ai (ata3l3thi rioqx3) aini bits rnuhdi1iup3 rlasi4 r1i ni 3rnu!ov 3b5Ii (13r13i11) 13wo1 lii aflua3i (ata31rni tloqx3) aia3i3ini

mundiliup3 riasM r1i ni anoiisl3biano3 obst-bo-arrr13 iol 3101 (b3bnsqx3) bifainimib £ 33n31

23310f13 3i1oq 3bSTt

)boiqiM 4.111

ain3mrn3vo3 isrli arhsq noiissi1sdi1 3rItIo noisthmsx3 its rliiw f10il332 ii1i 3bu13no3 3W

311i n3viO .in3m13s 3bsli n3i3ffl3 its o muhdililJp3 das4 th moiI gnivom ni wollol id3im

3nols arltsq noi1si1siodi1 ucIo aanb 3rli l3biano3 o 1siusn ai ii j3bom 3d Io 1i3mma

aidi nirliiw ilisq noiissiIsl3diI 'iyw isili ai ithoq inatioqini nA .

bits j=,r il3irlw

a oT .'ti3o1qi331 b 3lqi3nhq 3di l3bnu b3bnsm3b anoiaano3 10 33ns!sd di al3viI3b aas!3

as !3vii33qa5I nflnw 3d 'sm 3bsii b ai'rni 3(11 bits 3rrwIov hoqmi isdi ion air1i

in 3(11 bits aiuo noiisIiIsl3diI as aur1T .1 (:)q\ (i)q bits (x) v\ (:-r) ()1 a3rrwIov hoqx3 bits rioqmi bits b3i1E1iu3n 315 ain3rn3vom 3bs1i-1o-ami b33ub31 ai : TIhsi

.ainuoms Iaup3 iii 3a5313n1

13r1T .I wiI oi 33n313131 (1IIW booial3bnu l3rlilLñ 3d f1E3 2233O1 noitssi!sl3di! 3dT

2&3iloq !smiiqo !1s31n1oq bits H b313d51 inioq 3(11 'd ( ) a3131!oq 3b511 riasM i3iq3b 3w

'!in3i3fflua 315 eia3l3ini hoqx3 isdi noiiqmuaas 3(11 I3bnu Oq b313d51 rnioq 3rD d (° °) -oai ai3iq3b oals 4 31u3i1 °.mui1di1iup3 nasH 3(11 ni biadua iloqx3 its 5W33 01 Iüh3woq

au3ol 3n3i3ffi3-oa1 r13s1 .ainioq lsmiiqo '!1C3i1i1oq bits dasH 3(11 diod d3uoldi 130! 3n3i3rn3

.inBiano3 (- j)L 315113w iniol auth bits , z blonl isdi ' bits m 10 afIoitsrlldffio3 a3vig

f13U01f11 3m! 3n3i3rn3-oai 3(11 13dB! 3W .3(10 3qola illiw 153(111 315 1301 3n3i3rn3-oa1 3(11 33n3H

.(:) j 'd (H) oq

hoqrni IEmitqo s1Ls3iii!oq 3di nErli (1) it i ('biedu ioqx) Thmi tioqmi kiM euli Isufi nworla d ns 110€

.I iuiI ni b3lsllEuIJi ai qirianoilslei airil .(bi2du2 t1oqx) TIiisi

8

Iliw inmi biri !E3oiq!1 3ni3mm2 fl3i3ffl ni rnuhdiIiup HM r1r mo nihst vom oi bio iii (a ni noii3ub1 £) nmib3qmi 3bsd tn lo noii1sidi1 3nimm' rh iol 113

i II 3m! 3n3!3rn3-oi 3rli no nioq nB) tnioq £ oi 31uiI ni 14 tnioq moi1 bhow 311t

32E313ni 310113w nioi tsfli (:)L 10 iVE3f1O3 3di bno a lo noitiniI3b f1 mofi 331!b

3v3if13E 223301 f10iSS!1B13di! 2idT .': oi !1I a as muhdiliup3 rlasi4 3(11 mofi ilE3!noonom

'3nsq5Iaib Isilini 3d1 bus3 toni iafI3 3bs1i-1o-am1t 3n11 "niobnu" 'd n3m3volqmi ot5u3

.3i3I1oq 1n313ffl3 bno nIasl4 3n!t 1133w13d

bnfl w "emiliins313nn b3n3in1i1n'1o 1ui ir1i (1?I) e'rusmIrL)1 (111w in3tino3 un1T

310 alloqx3") athsm hoqx3 nqo iorn nbbe noiisiion otni 131(13 tn3nn1rr13voD (1) :tonIi

3as313n1 1oiisLinu £ ntsnli t2xini hoqx3 q1311 01 'tow 'Iiao3 a3I is in3231q31 in1i 3UE33d ("boog

b3w3iv i noiiosilsi3dil rioqml () bisii 1o fm3i 3di niow bluow rl3idw) ibiadu rloqx3 ni

wol3d 11imt iioqmi ni3ub31 i1qmi ii 3ni ("boc! io ioqmi") fl0i33fIO3 is as 1fl3ffl(n3V0a c! doo3 () tud ;(eiil3n3d 3bzit-1o-nfnt bioiaoas qu nivi bns) u1sv noqa31-i3d 3(11

3b011-1o-enrrl3i) "!Oup3" no nliiw b33ns!Ed ai tort! mon1 to r1Oi33n03 is moil tfl3n3d in3mfr13vo

21 2tloqx3 bnas 2iloqmi ni 3213313(11 !Eup3 no joup3 nidi l3flio") bscnds (1012233(103 (cthi1fniu3n

.("boo

bhoW itnuoD-noM Iii )nmiA btriT IIrI9hditIuM .VI

1inuo3-it1um £ oil!! (101133210 !3born muhdiliup3-!oihoq 3(11 bnix ot 21 !asi tx3n itiO

3(1 ion blilo3 113(11 atn3m33lgls 31)011 \\t 1o 2133q20 1013v32 51o!qx3 01 l3blo ni nitt32

310 WO3 \\1% won! AaE 3W 1S11J3it1Sq nil .W11fl32 itrwoa-owi 3i1i3fflm2 £ nil b31bbs 3!qi3nriq di iol 3101 £ 313(11 l3ffi3fIw bno tn3m331o 3brnt Iol3ioIilIum 1(13131113 no lii b310311

(WIM) -io'm\cnc 3(11 d e3bido \(IunhJo3 ff3133 (131(1W l3bfUJ -- nIoltSuIifnfl32Ibnion lo nibsit aoiao 3iisnimn32ib ton 23ob usd1 boos £13133 iol 3i1oq 3b1311 is aiqobo bnis 3!q!3nnq

.21fl3m331g0 fl3iJa nil -- al3nthoq

I9boM b9bn9tza f.VI

.afIoit23IJp 323(11 3tiSbofflfflO33S 01 0W Lsmirnm £ mlii (1011332 1o l3bom 3(11 bn3ix3 3W

vIiIIuoo 3monl 3(11 WOfi tud e31013d as 310 nioiionu1 noit3ubolq bns abnom3b vjinuo3 (* on) 3nnoH

'd b3x3bni 23III1JO3 (*) ngi3lol 1+n moil x boos 10 afioqmi iol 3gn5r13x3 iii boog aJioqx3

rliiw iod as is anoionth ffioiq bns 1qqua bnsm3b niio1 3i 315 3dT 1+n..., =1

a3rdnUO3 ni31oI .abuiinsm 3S31E ar1 1O f13B b usc! io1 fIIfIUO335 I (LtfliJ03 f1i3101

.IIsrI ninusm31 3rD io1 ffuO33s 13r1i3ot briis Is3iln3bi rks 315 1+n dguoirll

3rD rbiw 1no 3bsli ns ahkiuo3 ni31oI I+ii 3dYbo 11353 scD rrwas 3w Ii3i1qmia ioI 3d 111w 3idi isrli iuan anoind1 noibuboiq bns abnsm3b no anoilqmuaas wO .'c1nuoa 3mor!

.aiasd WIM cm rio ia is ai3i1oq 3bsli as noI as a3rlinUo3 ni31o1 norns 3bsii loEl aiasd on .hinuo3 ni3101 riomo 3bs1 3i5313 3Iqi3nnq ni bIuo3 a3i3iLoq 3bslt vfosnimu13aib 13v3woH

.aich nviq a3rlinuoo niio1 noms thl3mib3qrni 3bsli auonox Isrit rnuaas 3W

tuidiliupa dasI1 .VI .1no x boos no ai3i1oq 3bsli oita3mob bns niio1 iol shdiliup3 rlasM 3xn3t3slsrf 3 3W

a3ntnuo3 ni5Io1 IS3itn3bi Ifs (13111w flu shdiliup3 riasM iohini uiy no au3dl 111w 3W

3i1oq 3bsli (3vitidirlolq-non) flOffl03 £ 3351 bns a3i3lloq 3bslt (3viiidirloiq-non) nommo 3aoofl3

I <n n3r1W Lsaiin3bi 3d 111w a3rlinuo3 rIi31o1 owl 3111 ,

I =ri n3fIW .(Itn1Jo3 31123mob 1i mofI

ot no115151 ni llsma 3d 11353 111w r1t tud js3iin3bi 3d 111w 1+n r1uoir1t a3rIlrwo3 niio1 nio1 3v5r1 111w muildiliup3 rlasM iohini ahirnmva 3111 3E3 2iult nI .1 '(Iinuo3 ni5Io1

£ su bns x boos no 3i1oq iioqx3 nommo s 3aoorl3 113s3 I+n r1uoir1i ahtnuo3

ns 3aoorl3 111w 1 inuo3 ni3'IOI . x boos no ai1oq tioqmi 'CItrIuo3-aiia3rnob flOfflfflO3

lo a3ulsv I Is io! y x boos no '311oq hoqmi '1tnuo3-3itaomob s 33s1 bns '3i1oq iloqx3

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bns noii3ubo1q hq 15301 110(11(1103 3111 I3vit33qa31 3tofI31) a bns Q ni1t3J

3(11 n1ton3b a bits , ,

(111w bits ,

1+ri r1uor1i a3htnuo3 nioiou flu X uo 3fflUIOV tIoqx3

(:) tsrli 31011 laIll 3W I flU03 flW5IOI iol a3butinsm nibnoqa3iio3

bns (111w n\ [\i—] = () a bits \i—e.= () (Q

:d rivig

(81) —

1Ti+ (j— 4] = — j)÷ (1T

— R÷ 4] =

232B313fli '1iflUO3 ni51o1 (11sm) iI 3rD oi b3iIqq TIimi n 3rD n3rlw 23B3ibni (81) A 1s3o1 rli o bnB iinuo3 niio1 (jw1) 11sm 3rD b hoqx3 3rD o b3h3vib i brmmb 3ia3mob

.V,Tt11U03 f1i31O1 (3gmL) 11ma 3rD flI 23aB313r1i 3anq 3rD 3vsr1 111w muhdiliup3 rlazM iohrni 3hi3mrn' 3rD 2noit!bno3 r1w i,bnu Aa iiib W

boos no ii1oq 3bii mundiliup3 rD nuin3iq351 .x boos no 2uIhi M'IM i V1t1W03 3morl

:noirioqoiq ix3n 3rD uI iwrw iuo 3bivolq 3w ( ,

) 213 x

.1=aTh :8 noiIiogoi

'd n3Vi 3Th x boos no ioi1oq 3bsli mundiIiup3 rIasT4 iohini 3ni3rnrn2 3upinu 3rlT :'1ool

:ot noDuloa 3rli

o = [()3*— + I + [I— y](9 J (1

o = + {[( + [l-y]()9J (11

0 = [\(a—] + {(6a6)

— [I—j]()9} "

0 = [(-*V)\3-] + -

mofi ahoqmi no flhsi 32noq23I-i23d nmmvog 3i23mob 3rD 3n113b (II bus (I 2noiibno bn3x3 2noilibnoa 323dT .13vi33qe3r j+n riIJO1fD 23fdfILJO3 ni31o1 bus I 'flUO3 ni31o1

2331iJ02 nBm moil X 2lloqmi 1flUO3 3ii23fflOb 3rD rl3iIlw ni in3rnnolivn3 us o (sf1)

n133 2l3hoqx3 ni3io1 noiirieno d 33fl12 (d 11)10 23uo1sris r313x3 is (VI bris (III anoDibnoD

lo ni ',ib-bgij 1( 33fl0 (111 1o n3vi iflth oi aol iriqiIni woo1flns na timba noitibno3 3dT fIi ni aini tdi1 n (I nohibno3 o bmi thiw 3!qrnflx3 io1 .ioI btnuo3as 1s Thisi ioi&ñnihaib

niio1 mofi x 10 aiioqmi wot oi ub i203 3fl3i3ifl (In wbth I!ii 111w 1 (LUIUO3 ni31o1 mofi thoqrni no TIhal

3di d 1ndwmo b3nflo ei muIov rioqmi (Ii noi3ub31 iit md ( \ \ a6) r —) I vlinuo3

.( (\&i) T) I+n duoirIi htnuo3 niio1 moil noial3vib

ilasM 1ohni 3iimm 3rli 1=n Ii woM .('IUiuo3 3imob 3rD) 331UO 3fl0 o lloqx3 1no

wriT .3nX3mm 3ninuo3 ni31o1 ow di 3ni2 3vBrl rloiflnuf3b d Iliw muhdiliup3

(81) 'd fl3ir!W (1) 1qmi (II bn13 (I enoifibno3 n,i1i II .= iIqmi 1=n

(IQ 1=n 1qmi n3rll (VI bn13 (III enoitibno3 (ii) briE (i) duiw 13dio1 niH •=1 (ii) i1qmi

n illiw b3v3irl3s 3d (163 2wofl 3bsrt 3viiiaoq (111w 1ntaiano3 331 113301 fl3vi 'n 311(1W

'iirwoa 31123mob i11 ol 1o3 3111 iminim 01 b3liIJp3l 3d 'fm WIM molt 2noi1iv3b flulBi M'llv ixc d luods 231(103 fl0i1Bimffli(fl-1203 2iIIT .33nq 113301 21(11 grnV3irI3E lo us 1<n (13(1W .2in3m3vom 3b51-Io-2rn31 r1uoi11i 2l3rthBq nibsii rio 01 110 1\

33nq 113301 ffB iol n1fhf12-i203 lo rb mumixsm 3rD bns ln3itn3bi ton 315 23rIirluoa fli5101

3(11 111 trsr!i 3bu13no3 oW .1uimi io1snimh32ib listno 111w tnornrrlovog 3it3mob orli d boiiaob

ioc W'M co muhdi1iupo rl2sM iohotni 3thmmv2

\o \o tk (%c 't0\ io\ \oc io--g thI3m1A bgiT Iri)kIi1IuM £.VI

01 2oi3iloq obsit 3200r13 ow in3moo1s obsit Isioislitlum tn3i3fl orb ho1smr13 oT

obsit otonob ow x boog no '1rio 21J301 01 iiunuirioD .015113W lriomrnovog tthoL 3imixm 1311153 iuo ni aA ) 'd 1n3m331s 31)511 1(10131110 n d botnomolqmi 23i3i10q

ObSlt-10-2fffl31 3(11 IIit5f1imu13 Iii 21)3333112 ti Ii 1(13131113 od Iliw iriomoois obsit rIOi22U32ib

nuiriomo1qmi d313r1t 2rI0i2i33b '3i1oq obsit nasH 2tn0fflrrI3V0 (13133 mOlt 2flOitEViiOm

.231311oq 3bl3Tt \ico :31512 1163 W0fl 3W

-bolOVsI-120m 3(11 23112i152 201311oq 3bSTt 1n013ffl3 10 132 1smitqo 11S31ti10q orIT :Q noitiogoi .oIqi3nrIq noiisn

:'12itE2 23i3110q 3b511 Ismiiqo 11s3iii1oq 3(11' :Ioo,'q

o = i E\(1:\a6)- + III- I (%

o = {[ 6\a -Q6\a6)] + ['-](j (%%

o = — ['—ç9I Cxx'

o = -

039 .('FIM) Iqmi ('II bnB ('I 3fli2 1thbmmi 2woIIol won Iooiq r1T

:n3rn31fi bd nioif1 ns ni ar1inuo3 IIBm2 b inn5d r1i bino3 w 1LiniI

1s 2r1inuo3 11srn nrnis bin ni3if13 Ismhqo I1&iri1oq ibnU :01 noitiogoi .11is1inu 3i3i1oq 3bElr nwo iir1i i iud hirwo3 is1 'd inni MIM b3bnoix

bBht ini3ffI Ismiqo '11s3i!1oq r1i ni b3iB3li m e3ninuo3 usd12 won io1qx oT :looil Iliw I 'çlinuo3 niioE1 fljd 23ninuo3 nioici1 ils timi1 3n11 nI .inflni oi o n 1 w

f13!flw (VI noiibnoD .2hq bhow tTIs oi 1dsnu s n1i Isnh di nil "llsm2" d nn1i

2ff1o3d nuo3 niio1 IIsm2 nbs ioi 3i1oq iioqx noq1-3d rb nflb ndi

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