Modul MI.doc

8/16/2019 Modul MI.doc

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BAHAN KULIAH

MANAJEMEN INDUSTRI

Didik Purwadi

JURUSAN TEKNOLOGI INDUSTRI PERTANIAN

FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI PERTANIAN

UNIVERSITAS GADJAH MADA

2007

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DAFTAR ISI

Haa!a"

#$ P%"da&uua"

#$#$P%"'%r(ia" !a"a)%!%"

#$2$ Or'a"i*a*i da" i"du*(ri+

#$,$ Rua"' i"'ku- !a"a)%!%" i"du*(ri

2$ Li"'ku"'a" I"du*(ri

2$#$Buda.a da" i"'ku"'a" i"du*(ri

2$2$Ta"''u"' )awa/ **ia i"du*(ri

,$ P%r%"1a"aa" Pa""i"'3

,$#$ D%4i"i*i da" (u)ua"

,$2$ J%"i* -%r%"1a"aa"

,$,$ E4%k(i5i(a* -%r%"1a"aa"

6$ P%"'r'a"i*a*ia" Or'a"ii"'3

6$#$Pri"*i- da*ar -%"'r'a"i*a*ia" -%ra"1a"'a" *(ruk(ur r'a"i*a*i86$#$Pri"*i- da*ar -%"'r'a"i*a*ia" -%ra"1a"'a" *(ruk(ur r'a"i*a*i8

-%"d%ka(a" k"(i"'%"*i8 a-ika*i-%"d%ka(a" k"(i"'%"*i8 a-ika*i

6$2$Au(&ri(.8 D%%'a(i" da" D%1%"(raia(i"6$2$Au(&ri(.8 D%%'a(i" da" D%1%"(raia(i"

6$,$P%ru/a&a" da" -%"'%!/a"'a" r'a"i*a*i

9. Leading

9$#$ M(i5a*i

9$2$ K%-%!i!i"a"

9$,$ K!u"ika*i

9$6$ Ma"a)%!%" k"4ik

:$ ;"(ri"'

:$#$Pri*i- da*ar -%"'%"daia"

:$2$P%"'%"daia" E4%k(i4

7$ R%%"'i"%%ri"'


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1. PENDAHULUAN

1.1.Pengertian manajemen

Ma"a)%!%" i"du*(ri8 a(au kada"' *%ri"' di*%/u( !a"a)%!%"

-%ru*a&aa" i"du*(ri da-a( diar(ika" *%/a'ai (%k"ik !%"'%a )aa"".a *ua(u

-%ru*a&aa" i"du*(ri$ O%& kar%"a i(u8 &a (%r*%/u( da-a( di)%a*ka" !%aui

-%")a/ara" dua -%"'%r(ia" da*ar8 .ak"i = -%"'%r(ia" -%ru*a&aa" i"du*(ri da"

-%"'%r(ia" !a"a)%!%"$

1.2. Organisasi dan industri

P%ru*a&aa" i"du*(ri da-a( di)%a*ka" !%aui -%")a/ara" -r*%*

k%'ia(a" %k"!i da*ar .a"' !%i-u(i =

a$ i"du*(ri -ri!%r

/$ -r*%* !a"u4ak(ur > -%"'a&a"

c. -r*%* di*(ri/u*i8 /aik dari -rdu*%" k% -rdu*%"8 a(au dari -rdu*%" k%

k"*u!%"

d$ i"du*(ri )a*a

P%ru*a&aa" i"du*(ri di-i!-i" %& !a"a)%!%"8 .a"'

!%"'k!/i"a*ika" i"-u( *u!/%r da.a *%1ara -r-r*i"a u"(uk

!%"'&a*ika" /ara"' > )a*a$

I"du*(ria -rdu1(i" > O-%ra(i" adaa& (ra"*4r!a*i /a&a" !%"(a&

!%")adi *%*ua(u .a"' di/u(u&ka"8 -rdu1%r* 'd* > *%r5i1%* i"du*(ri%*8

1"*u!!%r* 'd* > *%r5i1%* i"du*(ri%*$

P%ru*a&aa" i"du*(ri *%/a'ai *ua(u r'a"i*a*i8 !aka !%!iiki (i'a

-iar =

a$ Di*(i"1( 'a*

/$ D%i/%ra(% *(ru1(ur%

1$ P%-%

Fu"'*i u(a!a -%ru*a&aa" i"du*(ri Ri'*8 #?


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%$ (%k"ik i"du*(ri -%r%"1a"aa"8 *(a"dari*a*i8 !%(da3

4$ -a"( *%r5i1% -%"%ri!aa"8 *&i--i"'8 'uda"'8 (ra"*-r(a*i i"(%r"a3

'$ -a"( %"'i"%%ri"' !%*i"8 i*(rik8 -%raa(a"8 *u!/%r da.a8 -%rawa(a"3

&$ -%!a*ara"

i$ k%ua"'a" i"(%r"a da" -%a.a"a" ad!i"i*(ra*i

1.3. Ruang ing!u" manajemen industri

B%/%ra-a &a -%"(i"' daa! -%!/a&a*a" !ak"a !a"a)%!%" a"(ara

ai" -%"'%r(ia" (%"(a"' *ia-a !a"a)%r i(u8 k%!udia" a-a k"*%- !a"a)%!%"8

da" &a a-a *a)a .a"' diakuka" !a"a)%!%"$

Ma"a)%r adaa& a"''(a r'a"i*a*i .a"' !%"'i"(%'ra*ika" >

!%"'krdi"a*ika" ak(i5i(a* k%r)a .a"' ai"$ Ada /%/%ra-a (i"'ka( !a"a)%r8

.ai(u (-8 !idd% da" 4ir*( i"% !a"a)%r

Ma"a)%!%" da-a( di)%a*ka" *%/a'ai *%/ua& -r*%* krdi"a*i da"

i"(%'ra*i ak(i5i(a* k%r)a *%&i"''a /i*a !%"1a-ai %4i*i%"*i da" %4%k(i5i(a*

!%aui ra"' ai"$ E4i*i%"*i adaa& &u/u"'a" i"-u( da" u(-u( *%r(a (u)ua"

a'ar !%!i"i!a*i /ia.a *u!/%r da.a8 *%da"'ka" %4%k(i5i(a* /%r!ak"a

-%"1a-aia" (u)ua"$

Ak(i5i(a* !a"a)%r adaa& !%akuka" 4u"'*i@4u"'*i !a"a)%!%"8 .ak"i

-a""i"'8 r'a"ii"'8 %adi"'8 1"(ri"'$

Pa""i"'8 !%i-u(i ak(i5i(a* !%"d%4i"i*ika" (u)ua" > *a*ara"8

!%!/a"'u" *(ra(%'i !%"'%!/a"'ka" r%"1a"a u"(uk krdi"a*i ak(i5i(a*$

S%da"'ka" r'a"ii"' i(u !%"%"(uka" a-a .a"' -%ru diakuka"8 *ia-a .a"'

!%akuka"".a8 /a'ai!a"a !%akuka"".a8 *%r(a *ia-a da" k%-ada *ia-a

!%a-rka"$ Fu"'*i L%adi"' !%i-u(i -r*%* !%"'ara&ka" da" !%!(i5a*i8

!%!ii& k!u"ika*i .a"' -ai"' %4%k(i48 da" !%".%%*aika" k"4ik$ Fu"'*i

(%rak&ir adaa& 1"(ri"'8 .ak"i !%!"i(r ak(i5i(a* a-aka& *%*uai d%"'a"

r%"1a"a8 da" !%!-%r/aiki -%".i!-a"'a"$

S%da"'ka" !%"uru( R//i"* #???=#,38 ada /%/%ra-a -%ra" -%"(i"'

dari !a"a)%r8 .ai(u=

a$ i"(%r-%r*"a r%*8 *%/a'ai 4i'ur k%-aa8 -%ra" *%/a'ai -%!i!-i"8

/%rk!u"ika*i u"(uk !%!/a"'u" da" !%!-%r(a&a"ka" *ai"' -%"'%r(ia"da" k%r)a *a!a

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/$ i"4r!a(i"a r%*8 .ak"i !%!"i(r8 di*%!i"a(r8 )uru/i1ara ak(i5i(a*

1$ d%1i*i"a r%*8 .a"' !%i-u(i a*-%k k%wirau*a&aa"8 -%"a"'a"a"

'a"''ua" da" aka*i *u!/%r da.a$

d$ "%'*ia(r

L%/i& a")u(8 Ri'* #?


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ii$ aira" /a&a"

iii$ -%"'%"daia" kua"(i(a*

i5$ -%"'%"daia" kuai(a*

d$ Ma"a)%!%" -%r*"aia

i$ -%"arika" da" -%a(i&a"

ii$ &u/u"'a" i"du*(ria

iii$ )/ da" -%"''a)ia"

i5$ !(i5a*i

%$ Krdi"a*i r'a"i*a*i

i$ -%!a*ara"

ii$ -%"'%"daia" i"(%r"a

K%i!a &a (%r*%/u( !%!/%"(uk i!a ra"(ai *ai"' /%r&u/u"'a"8 .ak"i

*%1ara /%ruru(a" =

a$ !a"a)%!%"

/$ *u!/%r da.a

1$ -rduk*i

d$ -%r*"aia

%$ r'a"i*a*i

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2. LIN#$UN#AN INDUSTRI

2.1.%uda&a dan ing!ungan industri

Buda.a Or'a"i*a*i !%"u")ukka" /a'ai!a"a r'a"i*a*i !%!-%a)ari

!%"'id%"(i4ika*i8 !%"a"a!8 !%"'ak(uai*a*i3 *ua(u "iai *%1ara /%rua"'@

ua"' da" k"*i*(%"8 *%&i"''a !a*.araka( da-a( !%"'a!a(i a(au

!%ra*aka"$ D%"'a" ka(a ai"8 /uda.a r'a"i*a*i adaa& *ua(u 20.!/ "iai

.a"' !%"1%r!i"ka" /a'ai!a"a -%k%r)a /%r(i"dak *%&i"''a &a i(u aka"

!a!-u !%!/%daka" *ua(u r'a"i*a*i d%"'a" .a"' ai"$ Buda.a r'a"i*a*i

(%r*u*u" %& 7 di!%"*i8 .ai(u= #3 i""5a(i" a"d ri*k (aki"'8 23 a((%"(i" (

d%(ai8 ,3 *(a/ii(.8 63 u(1!% ri%"(a(i"8 93 r'a"ia(i"a 1u(ur%8 :3

a''r%**i5%"%**8 73 -%-% ri%"(a(i" a"d (%a! ri%"(a(i"$

Li"'ku"'a" i"du*(ri da-a( did%4i"i*ika" *%/a'ai *%/ua& i"*(i(u*i uar

a(au k%kua(a" .a"' -(%"*ia !%!-%"'aru&i ki"%r)a r'a"i*a*i$ Ha i"i

-%"(i"' kar%"a da".a k%(idak-a*(ia" i"'ku"'a" da" d%ra)a( -%ru/a&a" da"

k!-%k*i(a* i"'ku"'a" r'a"i*a*i$

B%/%ra-a 4ak(r@4ak(r i"'ku"'a" %k*(%r"a adaa& =

a$ i"'ku"'a" %k*(%r"a !ikr = /%r-%"'aru& a"'*u"'

i$ -%*ai"' (i-%8 )u!a&8 -*i*i3

ii$ -%!a*k k%!a!-ua"8 r%-u(a*i8 -%a.a"a"8 &ar'a8 -("'a"3

iii$ -%a"''a" -r4i8 -(%"*i3

i5$ %!/a'a k%ua"'a"

5$ -a*ar (%"a'a k%r)a

5i$ -%rwakia"@-%rwakia" -%!%ri"(a&

/$ i"'ku"'a" %k*(%r"a !akr = /%r-%"'aru& (ak a"'*u"'

i$ (%k"'i

ii$ %k"!i

iii$ -i(ik

i5$ 20.!/

P%"'aru& i"'ku"'a" da-a( -ua di1%r!a(i d%"'a" !u"1u".a

-%!ikira" /aru > 1ara -a"da"' /aru (%r&ada- /%r/a'ai a*-%k daa!!a"a)%!%"$

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2.2. $eter!aitan se'agai suatu sistem industri.

Buda.a r'a"i*a*i .a"' (%a& (%r1i-(a -ada *%/ua& -%ru*a&aa"

i"du*(ri (%r".a(a (idak %-a* &u/u"'a"".a d%"'a" /%r/a'ai 2#.!/

i"'ku"'a" .a"' *ai"' (%rkai($ S%/a'ai 1"(&8 &a*i -%"%i(ia" -ada i"du*(ri

*aak -"d& !%"u")ukka" /a&wa u"(uk !%"da-a(ka" k%u"(u"'a" .a"'

/%rk%a")u(a"8 -ara -%"'u*a&a *aak -"d& &aru* !%!-%r&a(ika"

i"'ku"'a" *1ia da" i"'ku"'a" 4i*ik$ T%r!a*uk *%/a'ai i"'ku"'a" *1ia

adaa& &u/u"'a" d%"'a" !a*.araka( *%ki(ar a'ar (idak &a".a (%r'a"''u

d%"'a" ada".a k%/%radaa" u*a&a (%r*%/u(8 !%ai"ka" )u'a *%da-a( !u"'ki"

!%!/%rika" !a"4aa($ D%!ikia" -ua d%"'a" k"di*i 4i*ik i"'ku"'a" *%ki(ar

&aru* (%r)a'a dari -%"1%!ara"$

Ga!/ar #$ K%u"(u"'a" /%rk%a")u(a"

S%-%r(i &a".a daa! ka*u* i"du*(ri -%"'a&a" *aak -"d& di

S%!a"$ I"du*(ri -%"'a&a" *aak -"d& -%ru )a!i"a" k%(%r*%diaa" /a&a"

/aku$ Na!u"8 kar%"a 4ak(r %k*(%r"a *%-%r(i k%/u(u&a" ua"' .a"'

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!%"d%*ak8 (%rkada"' -%(a"i *aak -"d& &aru* !%!a"%" *aak *%/%u!

!a(a"' -(i!a$ B%riku( i"i &asil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 62,75

% petani melakukan panen saat matang optimum; 28,99 % saat

membutuhkan uang dan 8,26 % saat harga salak pondoh sedangtinggi.

Gambar 2. aktu saat petani panen salak

!ebagian besar melakukan masa panen dalam " tahun

seban#ak 2 kali $8,&'%(. !edangkan sebagian ke)il melakukan

han#a sekali panen $",27%(, atau lebih dari 2 kali $8,%(. *ara

panen dengan petik pilih 89,25 % dan petik serabutan sebesar

"&,75 %.

+ubungan antara petani dengan pelaku pemasaran )ukup

berariasi. !ebagian besar melakukan transaksi di pedagang

pengepul $,78%(. !edangkan jumlah petani #ang melakukan

transaksi di pasar sebesar ',27 %, dan sisan#a sebesar "",9 % di

kebun atau rumah petani. -etani #ang menggunakan wadah

keranjang 7,85 %; 7,&2 % menggunakan karung dan sisan#a "8,"'

% menggunakan plastik, tenggok dan tas.

eterkaitan antara petani dengan pelaku pasar terlihat jelas

pada proses sortasi. !ebagian besar petani tidak melakukan sortasi,

#akni sebesar 5,""%. -etani #ang selalu melakukan sortasi han#asebesar 2',2&%; dan 22,68% han#a melakukan saat / saat tertentu.

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+al ini boleh jadi untuk memelihara lingkungan industri petani salak

podoh, sehingga memberikan 0keper)a#aan0 kepada pedagang.

1amun, bisa pula hal ini bermakna bahwa petani salak pondoh

masih mempun#ai posisi lemah dalam menghadapi lingkungan.!ortasi #ang dilakukan berdasarkan bentuk $22,59 %(,ukuran $67,59

%( dan warna $9,82 %(, dan )ara ini merupakan )ara untuk

mengidentikasi mutu salak pondoh.

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3. PEREN(ANAAN ) PLANNIN#*

3.1. De+inisi dan tujuan

P%r%"1a"aa" adaa& -r*%* -%!ii&a" k%'ia(a" da" di-u(u*ka" a-a

.a"' &aru* diak*a"aka"8 ka-a"8 /a'ai!a"a8 %& *ia-a$ D%"'a" d%!ikia"

!aka -%r%"1a"aa" adaa& *ua(u -r*%* .a"' (ak /%rak&ir *%(%a& di(%(a-ka"8

*%&i"''a *%"a"(ia*a -%ru !di4ika*i$

Ada-u" (a&a-a" -%r%"1a"aa" da-a( di)%a*ka" *%1ara *i"'ka( *%/a'ai

/%riku(=

a$ M%"%(a-ka" (u)ua"

/$ M%ru!u*ka" k%adaa" *aa( i"i

1$ M%"'id%"(i4ika*i k%!uda&a" da" &a!/a(a"

d$ M%"'%!/a"'ka" r%"1a"a u"(uk 1a-ai (u)ua"

S%da"'ka" aa*a" !%"'a-a -%ru -%r%"1a"aa"8 -ai"' (idak ada dua

&a8 .ai(u u"(uk !%"'ura"'i k%*aa&a" da" u"(k !%"i"'kaka" k%*uk*%*a"$

a. Pr(%1(i5% /%"%4i(*8 .ak"i r%"1a"a *%/a'ai -%d!a" u"(uk !%"'ura"'i

k%*aa&a"

b. P*i(i5% /%"%4i(*8 .ai(u r%"1a"a *%/a'ai -%d!a" u"(uk -%"i"'ka(a"

k%*uk*%*a"

S%/a'ai *%/ua& -r*%* .a"' *i*(%!a(i*8 !aka !a"4aa( -%r%"1a"aa"

*%1ara *i"'ka( da-a( di)%a*ka" *%/a'ai /%riku(=

a$ P%".%*uaia" (%r&ada- i"'ku"'a"

/$ P%!a&a!a" *%uru& -%ra*i

1$ P%"%!-a(a" (a"''u"' )awa/

d$ Muda& !%akuka" krdi"a*i

%$ M%"'ura"'i -%k%r)aa" (ak -a*(i

4$ M%"'&%!a( wak(u8 u*a&a8 da"a

P%r%"1a"aa" (%"(u )u'a !%!iiki /%/%ra-a k%%!a&a"$ Mi*a".a

da!-ak ada".a -r*%* -%r%"1a"aa"8 ada k%1%"d%ru"'a" !%"u"da

-%k%r)aa"8 d%"'a" dai& !a*i& -%ru dir%"1a"aka" duu$ K%%!a&a" ai"

adaa& ada".a a"''a-a" -%ru wak(u8 u*a&a .a"' 1uku- u"(uk !%!/ua(

-%r%"1a"aa"8 *%&i"''a !%!/ua( !aa* !%akuka" -%r%"1a"aa"$

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P%r%"1a"aa" )u'a *%ri"' dika(aka" da-a( !%!/a(a*i i"i*ia(i4 da" i"5a*i

.a"' (i!/u *%*aa(8 k%(ika -%r%"1a"aa" (%a& di(%(a-ka"$

3.2. ,enis "eren-anaan

P%r%"1a"aa" !%!iiki &u/u"'a" d%"'a" 4u"'*i !a"a)%!%" .a"' ai"8

.ak"i -%"'r'a"i*a*ia"8 *(a44i"'8 %adi"' da" 1"(ri"'$

P%r%"1a"aa" /%r/%da kar%"a -%r/%daa" (i-% r'a"i*a*i8 wak(u

(%r(%"(u da" !a"a)%r$ S%da"'ka" /%/%ra-a da*ar ka*i4ika*i -%r%"1a"aa"

!i*a".a=

a$ Bida"' 4u"'*i"a Prduk*i8 -%!a*ara"8 k%ua"'a"8 -%r*"aia3

/$ Ti"'ka(a" -%ra*i"a S%uru& r'a"i*a*i8 *a(ua" k%r)a3

1$ Si4a( K!-%k*i(a*8 4%k*i/ii(a*8 ra&a*ia8 d3

d$ Cak(u Ja"'ka -%"d%k8 !%"%"'a&8 -a")a"'3

P%r%"1a"aa" )a"'ka -a")a"' *%ri"' di*%/u( -ua *%/a'ai -%r%"1a"aa"

*(ra(%'ik$ K%/aika" P%r%"1a"aa" S(ra(%'ik a"(ara ai" adaa&=

a$ M%!/%rika" -%d!a" k"*i*(%"*i

/$ M%!/a"(u daa! -%!/ua(a" k%-u(u*a"

1$ M%!i"i!u!ka" k%*aa&a"

Na!u" d%!ikia"8 ada -ua /%/%ra-a k%%!a&a" daa! -%r%"1a"aa"

*(ra(%'ik8 .ak"i=

a$ P%ru i"5%*(a*i wak(u8 ua"' da" ra"'

/$ M%!/a(a*i -ada -ii&a" .a"' -%"(i"' ra*i"a da" /%/a* r%*ik

3.3. E+e!tiitas "eren-anaan

Ha!/a(a" P%r%"1a"aa" .a"' %4%k(i4 ada 2 4ak(r8 .ak"i #3

k%(idak!a!-ua" i"di5idu -%r%"1a"a u"(uk !%akuka" k%'ia(a" -%r%"1a"aa"8

da" 23 k%%"''a"a" a"''(a u"(uk !%"%ri!a -%r%"1a"aa"8 kar%"a

-%ru/a&a" .a"' di(i!/uka"".a$ Fak(r -%r(a!a di*%/a/ka" %&

k%(idak!a!-ua" !%!-r%dik*i ak(i5i(a* .a"' aka" di)aa"ka" di !a*a

!%"da(a"'8 k%!udia" ka-a" da" *ia-a .a"' &aru* !%akuka"".a$ Bia

&aru* !%".u*u" -%r%"1a"aa"8 (idak %/i& &a".a *%k%dar !%!%"u&i -r*%dur

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*a)a$ S%&i"''a (idak )ara"' a-a .a"' dir%"1a"aka" (idak da-a( /%r)aa"$

S%ri"' di)u!-ai k%(idak!a!-ua" !%r%"1a"aka"$ Ha i"i di*%/a/ka" kar%"a=

a$ Kura"' -%"'%(a&ua" (%"(a"' r'a"i*a*i

/$ Kura"' -%"'%(a&ua" (%"(a"' i"'ku"'a"

1$ Tidak !a!-u !%akuka" -%ra!aa" .a"' %4%k(i4

d$ K%*ui(a" -%r%"1a"aa" -ara*i .a"' (idak /%rua"'

%$ Bia.a

4$ Taku( 'a'a

'$ Kura"' -%r1a.a diri

Fak(r k%dua %/i& di*%/a/ka" -ada 2:.!/ -*ik'i* da" /uda.a

r'a"i*a*i8 .ak"i k%(idak-%r1a.aa" k%-ada *%*ua(u .a"' /aru8 da" %/i&

!%!ii& *(a(u* u .a"' ada *%a!a i"i$ B%riku( i"i /%/%ra-a &a .a"'

da-a( !%")%a*aka" aka" &a i"i$

a$ B%r(%"(a"'a" d%"'a" k%-%"(i"'a"

/$ M%"'ura"'i k%kua*aa" 8 kari%r8 '%"'*i

1$ M%!/a(a*i k%r)a .a"' di*ukai

d$ Tidak !%i&a( "iai -%ru/a&a"

Bia (%r)adi &a!/a(a" a(au k%"daa daa! -%r%"1a"aa" *%-%r(i (%a&

di)%a*ka" di a(a*8 /%riku( i"i di)%a*ka" /%/%ra-a 1ara !%"'a(a*i &a!/a(a"

*%/a'ai /%riku($

a. P%"1i-(aa" 2:.!/ r'a"i*a*i .a"' (%-a(

/$ M%!/%ri /%r/a'ai /%"(uk /a"(ua" *%1ara i"di5idua

1$ M%i/a(ka" kar.awa" daa! -r*%* -%r%"1a"aa"

d$ M%!/%ri %/i& /a".ak i"4r!a*i

D%"'a" d%!ikia" !aka -%r%"1a"aa" .a"' di/ua( &aru* diu*a&aka"

a'ar da-a( %4%k(i48 ar(i".a da-a( /%r)aa" *%*uai .a"' dir%"1a"aka"$

B%/%ra-a kri(%ria -%"iaia" %4%k(i5i(a* *ua(u -%r%"1a"aa" adaa&=

a$ K%'u"aa"8 .ak"i *%)au& !a"a &a@&a .a"' dir%"1a"aka" da-a( !%")a!i"

aka" /%r'u"a /a'i i"du*(ri da" (%"a'a k%r)a".a$

/$ K%(%-a(a">/.%k(i48 *%&i"''a *%/ua& -%r%"1a"aa" (idak /%& &a".a

/%rda*arka" a(a* ik% da" di*ik% *a)a8 !%ai"ka" &aru* /%rda*ar

k%-ada k%(%-a(a" k%/u(u&a" .a"' di-u(u*ka" *%1ara /.%k(i4$

1$ Rua"' i"'ku-8 .ak"i -%r%"1a"aa" &aru* dira"1a"' 4ku* d%"'a" rua"'i"'ku- .a"' )%a* da" (%'a*$

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14/53

d$ E4%k(i5i(a* /ia.a8 u(a!a".a adaa& /ia /%r&u/u"'a" d%"'a" /ia.a .a"'

1uku- !a&a8 !aka 1uku-

%$ Aku"(a/ii(a*8 .a"' /%r!ak"a /a&wa *ua(u -%r%"1a"aa" (idak &a".a

da-a( di-%r(a"''u"')awa/ka" a(a* k%/%"ara" -%"'%uara" k%ua"'a"8

.ak"i da-a( diaudi( audi(a/%38 !%ai"ka" &aru* -ua !a!-u di)%a*ka"

k%!a"4aa(a" dari -%r%"1a"aa" (%r*%/u( /a'i r'a"i*a*i a(au-u" (%"a'a

k%r)a".a$

4$ K%(%-a(a" wak(u8 .ak"i -%r%"1a"aa" &aru* di/a"'u" dari (i!% 4ra!%

.a"' )%a*8 *%&i"''a (%-a( daa! -%ak*a"aa"".a$

27


15/53

/. PEN#OR#ANISASIAN )OR#ANI0IN#*

/.1.Prinsi" dasar "engrganisasian/.1.Prinsi" dasar "engrganisasian

P%"'%r(ia" -%"'r'a"i*a*ia" da-a( diar(ika" *%/a'ai -%ra"1a"'a"

*(ruk(ur 4r!a8 .ak"i !%"%"(ka" *u*u"a"> k%duduka" *%*%ra"' di a"(ara

ra"' ai" daa! *ua(u r'a"i*a*i$ P%"'r'a"i*a*ia" di!ak"ai -ua *%/a'ai

-%"'%!-ka" ak(i5i(a*8 kar%"a daa! -r*%* i"i (%r)adi -%"'%!-kka"

ak(i5i(a* *%)%"i* a(au /%rd%ka(a" u"(uk !%")adi *a(u *a(ua" daa! *(ruk(ur$

P%"'r'a"i*a*ia" )u'a diar(ika" *%/a'ai -%"d%%'a*ia" (u'a* da"

w%w%"a"'$

Ta&a-a" -r*%* -%"'r'a"i*a*ia" !%i-u(i (i'a &a8 .ak"i=

a$ !%!%ri"1i *%uru& ak(i5i(a* > -%k%r)aa" .a"' ada -ada i"du*(ri > r'a"i*a*i

/$ !%"'%!-kka" ak(i5i(a*> -%k%r)aa" .a"' /%rd%ka(a" !%")adi *%/ua&

/a'ia" -%k%r)aa" (%r(%"(u

1$ !%"'krdi"a*ika" u"(uk *%!ua /a'ia" -%k%r)aa" .a"' (%a& (%r/%"(uk$

/.1.1. Pem'agian !erja

P%!/a'ia" k%r)a di-%ruka" a'ar (%r)adi *i"%r'i dari i"di5idu@i"di5idu

.a"' ada daa! *ua(u r'a"i*a*i$ Ak(i5i(a* daa! i"du*(ri di-%ri"1i *%1ara

!%".%uru&8 k%!udia" dik%!-kka" ak(i5i(a* .a"' /%rd%ka(a" !%")adi

*%/ua& -%k%r)aaa"$ Aki/a( dari -r*%* -%!/a'ia" k%r)a i"i8 !aka *%(ia-

-%k%r)a aka" (%r/a'i daa! u"i(@u"i( k%r)a (%r(%"(u$ Pri"*i- i"i di&ara-ka"

aka" !a!-u !%!/%rika" (i"'ka( %4i*i%"*i .a"' (i"''i /a'i i"du*(ri$

/.1.2. %agan rganisasi

A*-%k ai" daa! -%"'r'a"i*a*ia" adaa& /a'a" r'a"i*a*i8 .a"'

!%"''a!/arka" -%!/a'ia" k%r)a8 ra"(ai -%ri"(a&8 da" (i"'ka(a" !a"a)%!%"$

B%/%ra-a /%"(uk /%"(uk /a'a" r'a"i*a*i adaa&=

a. /%"(uk 2


16/53

D%-ar(%!%"(a*i adaa& -r*%* -%!/%"(uka" d%-ar(%!%" /%rda*arka"

-%r(i!/a"'a" (%r(%"(u8 .ai(u=a3 4u"'*i"a8 *%-%r(i d%-ar(%!%" -%!a*ara"8

d%-ar(%!%" -rduk*i8 d%-ar(%!%" k%ua"'a"8 d+ /3 di5i*i"a8 *%-%r(i di5i*i

-rduk8 di5i*i wia.a&8 d$

D%-ar(%!%"(a*i 4u"'*i"a .ai(u *ua(u -%!/a'ia" k%r)a -ada *ua(u

i"du*(ri a(au r'a"i*a*i /%rda*arka" 4u"'*i@4u"'*i".a$ Pai"' (idak (%rda-a(

(i'a 4u"'*i /i*"i* u(a!a .ak"i -%!a*ara"8 -rduk*i da" k%ua"'a"8 .a"'

!a*i"'@!a*i"' k%!udia" !u"1u *%/a'ai "a!a d%-ar(%!%"$ S%da"'ka"

4u"'*i ai" *%-%r(i *u!/%rda.a !a"u*ia *%/a'ai -%"duku"' /i*"i*8 )u'a

*%ri"' !u"1u !%")adi d%-ar(%!%" *u!/%rda.a !a"u*ia a(au

-%"'%!/a"'a" *u!/%rda.a !a"u*ia$ D%-ar(%!%"(a*i /%rda*arka" 4u"'*i

/i*"i* i"i *%ri"' di-ii& kar%"a !%!iiki /a".ak k%/aika"8 a"(ara ai" =

a$ !a!-u !%")a'a k%kua*aa" da" k%duduka" daa! i"'ku- i"du*(ri >

r'a"i*a*i

/$ !%wu)udka" *-%*iai*a*i8 *%&i"''a i"du*(ri> r'a"i*a*i aka" da-a( (%r1i-(a

krdi"a*i k%r)a .a"' %/i& %4i*i%"

1$ !uda& -%"'awa*a" dari !a"a)%!%" -u"1ak8 kar%"a r%"(a"' k%"dai %/i&

)%a* da" 4ku*$

Na!u" d%!ikia"8 di*a!-i"' /%/%ra-a k%u"(u"'a" di a(a*8 (%da-a(

-ua /%/%ra-a k%%!a&a" d%-ar(%!%"(a*i 4u"'*i"a=

a$ da-a( !%"1i-(aka" k"4ik a"(ar 4u"'*i .a"' ada

b. (a"''a-a" 2?.!/ a!/a(8 kar%"a /%r)%")a"'

1$ -a"da"'a" a"''(a *%!-i(8 kura"' i"5a(i4

D%-ar(%!%"(a*i .a"' k%dua adaa& /%rda*arka" di5i*i$ P%!/a'ia"

k%r)a (idak *%1ara a"'*u"' di/a'i /%rda*arka" 4u"'*i /i*"i*8 (%(a-i (%r%/i&

da&uu di/a'i /%rda*arka" -%r(i!/a"'a" (%r(%"(u$ Mi*a".a8 -%!/a'ia" k%r)a

di/a'i (%r%/i& da&uu /%rda*arka" )%"i* -rduk8 &a i"i aka" !%a&irka"

k"*%- d%-ar(%!%"(a*i d5i*i"a -rduk$ D%-ar(%!%"(a*i i"i *a"'a( 11k

u"(uk i"du*(ri .a"' !%!iiki -rduk /%r5aria*i8 /aik 5aria*i /a&a" /aku8

-r*%* !au-u" -%!a*ara"+ *%&i"''a !a*i"'@!a*i"' 4u"'*i /i*"i* &aru*

diakuka" %& k%!-k k%r)a d%-ar(%!%"3 .a"' /%r/%da$ Ada *a(u &a a'i

.a"' *%ri"' di)u!-ai daa! i"du*(ri adaa& d%-ar(%!%"(a*i /%r/a*i* wia.a&8

.a"' !%a&irka" k"*%- d%-ar(%!%"(a*i di5i*i"a wia.a&$ Ha i"i %/i&11k u"(uk i"du*(ri .a"' !%!iiki ua*a" -%!a*ara" .a"' *a"'a( %/ar8

29


17/53

d%"'a" karak(%ri*(ik /%r/a'ai wia.a& (%r*%/u( /%r/%da@/%da8 *%&i"''a -%ru

-%"a"'a"a" *-%*i4ik *%(ia- wia.a& .a"' &aru* diakuka" %& k%!-k

k%r)a d%-ar(%!%"3 .a"' /%r/%da -ua$

B%/%ra-a k%/aika" d%-ar(%!%"(a*i /%rda*arka" *(ruk(ur di5i*i"a

a"(ara ai"=

a$ !%!u"'ki"ka" (a"''a-a" .a"' 1%-a(

/$ -%"'%!/a"'a" *(ra(%'i .a"' ka*

1$ (a"''u"' )awa/ da" -r%*(a*i k%r)a )%a*8 di5i*i !a"a .a"' a/a a(au ru'i

d$ 11k u"(uk i"'ku"'a" .a"' 1%-a( /%ru/a&

Di*a!-i"' i(u8 !a*i& (%rda-a( -ua /%/%ra-a k%%!a&a" *(ruk(ur

Di5i*i"a .a"' &aru* diwa*-adai8 a"(ara ai"=

a$ !%!u"'ki"ka" k"4ik dia"(ara (u'a*@(u'a* da" -riri(a*@-riri(a*

/$ kura"' )%a* d%%'a*i w%w%"a"' !a"a)%r di5i*i

1$ !a*aa& aka*i *u!/%r da.a da" di*(ri/u*i

d$ du-ika*i *u!/%r da.a da" -%raa(a"

S(ruk(ur r'a"i*a*i ai"".a a"(ara ai" =

a$ *(ruk(ur r'a"i*a*i -r.%k8 .ak"i -%!/%"(uka" (i! > *-%*iai* u"(uk (u)ua"

k&u*u*

b. *(ruk(ur r'a"i*a*i !a(rik*8 .ak"i kar.awa" -u".a dua a(a*a" .ai(u ra"(ai

-%ri"(a& -%r(a!a adaa& 4u"'*i"a,0.!/,0,03 da" ra"(ai -%ri"(a& k%

dua adaa& a(%ra ,0.!/,0,0,053

K%/aika" r'a"i*a*i !a(rik*=

a$ %4i*i%" daa! -%!akaia" !a"a)%r 4u"'*i"a

/$ -%"i"'ka(a" -%!a&a!a"8 !(i5a*i a(a* !a*aa& *(ra(%'ik

1$ k%r)a*a!a a"(ar di*i-i"

K%%!a&a" r'a"i*a*i !a(rik* =

a$ !%!/i"'u"'ka" kar%"a -u".a dua a(a*a"

/$ !u(ak -%ru krdi"a*i 5%r(ika da" &ri*"(a

1$ -%ru k%(ra!-ia" %/i& /a".ak

K%!-k k%r)a 4u"'*i"a !i*a".a=

a$ k%*a(ua" (u'a* k&u*u* (a*k 4r1%*38 .ak"i u"(uk !%"a"'a"i (u'a* k&u*u*

/$ -a"i(ia = -a"i(ia (%(a-8 -a"i(ia ad &1

c. d%wa" a(au k!i*i = u"(uk !%"'%a r'a"i*a*i k%!a*.araka(a"d$ k!i*i /ia*a".a dia"'ka( %& -%)a/a( -%!%ri"(a&8 .ak"i !%"a"'a"i (u'a*

30


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/.1./. Organisasi in+rma

Fu"'*i r'a"i*a*i i"4r!a a"(ara ai"=

a. "r!a > "iai ,#.!/ /uda.a di(%'akka"

/$ duku"'a" k% (u'a* !a"a)%r !%"duku"' (u)ua" r'a"i*a*i

1$ k!u"ika*i %4%k(i4

d$ k%-ua*a" a"''(a

Ma*aa& daa! r'a"i*a*i i"4r!a

a$ !%"1i-(aka" k"4ik

/$ -%"aka" a(a* -%ru/a&a"

/.2.Autrit& Deegatin dan De-entrai4atin/.2.Autrit& Deegatin dan De-entrai4atin

/.2.1. Autrit&

Au(&ri(. w%w%"a"'3 adaa& *ua(u &ak u"(uk !%akuka" *%*ua(u a(au

!%!%ri"(a& ra"' ai" u"(uk !%akuka" a(au (idak !%akuka" *%*ua(u a'ar

(%r1a-ai (u)ua"$

Ada 2 *u!/%r !u"1u".a w%w%"a"'8 .ak"i=

a$ -a"da"'a" ka*ik (%ri 4r!a38 /a&wa w%w%"a"' adaa& dia"u'%ra&ka" >

di/%ri > dii!-a&i$

/$ T%ri -%"%ri!aa"8 .ak"i w%w%"a"' (i!/u /ia di(%ri!a %& k%!-k >

i"di5idu k%-ada *ia-a w%w%"a"' (%r*%/u( di)aa"ka"$ Ku"1i da*ar

w%w%"a"' ada -ada .a"' di-%"'aru&i da" /uka" .a"'

!%!-%"'aru&i$

C%w%"a"' da-a( dika(%'rika" *%/a'ai w%w%"a"' i"i da" w%w%"a"'

*(a48 *%*uai d%"'a" 'ari* daa! *(ruk(ur r'ai*a*i".a$ C%w%"a"' i"i a"(ara

ai" a(a*a" !%akuka"".a a(a* /awa&a" a"'*u"'8 *%r(a wu)ud".a adaa&

w%w%"a"' -%ri"(a&$ S%da"'ka" w%w%"a"' *(a48 .ak"i &ak .a"' di-u".ai

%& *(a4 u"(uk !%".ara"ka"8 !%r%k!%"da*ika" a(au k"*u(a*i k%-ada

-%r*"aia i"i8 *%r(a (idak ada w%w%"a"' !%!%ri"(a& -%r*"aia i"i8 k%1uai

ada w%w%"a"' *(a4 4u"'*i"a$

31


19/53

/.2.2. P5er )!e!uasaan*

K%kua*aa" (idak *a!a d%"'a" w%w%"a"'$ C%w%"a"' adaa& &ak

u"(uk !%akuka" *%*ua(u8 *%da"'ka" k%kua*aa" adaa& k%!a!-ua" u"(uk

!%akuka" &ak (%r*%/u(8 .ak"i k%!a!-ua" u"(uk !%!-%"'aru&i i"di5idu >

k%!-k$ K%kua*aa" da" w%w%"a"' &aru* *%ara*8 /ia (idak aka"

!%"i!/uka" k"4ik$ K%kua*aa" .a"' dida-a( dari w%w%"a"' 4r!a8

di*%/u( k%kua*aa" 4r!a

Su!/%r k%kua*aa" dida-a( dari *%/%ra-a /%*ar -ara -%"'iku(

!%"'a'u!i > r%*-%k8 di*%/u( k%kua*aa" -ri/adi$ Bia -ara -%"'iku( r%*-%k

kar%"a ika(a" r'a"i*a(ri*8 !aka di*%/u( k%kua*aa" 4r!a$

Ada dua -a"da"'a" daa! !%i&a( k%kua*aa"8 .ak"i -a"da"'a"

"%'a(i4 da" -*i(i4$ Pa"da"'a" "%'a(i4 a(a* k%kua*aa" !%i&a( /a&wa

!%!iiki k%kua*aa" /%rar(i !%"'ua*ai ra"' ai" .a"' %/i& %!a&$

S%da"'ka" -a"da"'a" -*i(i4 a(a* k%kua*aa" .ak"i !%!iiki k%kua*aa"

/%rar(i !%!-%r&a(ika" -ada -%"1a-aia" (u)ua" k%!-k$

/.2.3. Res"nsi'iit& )tanggung ja5a'*

R%*-"*i/ii(i adaa& k%wa)i/a" u"(uk !%akuka" *%*ua(u .a"' (i!/u

/ia /awa&a" !%"%ri!a w%w%"a"' a(a*a"".a$ Hu/u"'a"".a d%"'a"

w%w%"a"' adaa&8 *%*%ra"' di/%ri w%w%"a"' u"(uk !%ak*a"aka"

(a"''u"' )awa/$ Ar(i".a8 /ia *%*%ra"' !%!iiki w%w%"a"'8 !aka *%kai'u*

!%!iiki (a"''u"' )awa/ daa! !%ak*a"aka" w%w%"a"' (%r*%/u($

/.2./. Deegasi

D%%'a*i adaa& -%i!-a&a" w%w%"a"' da" (a"''u"' )awa/ 4r!a

k%-ada ra"' ai"$ Aa*a" -%ru".a d%%'a*i a"(ara ai"= #3 -r*%* a'ar

r'a"i*a*i %4i*i%"8 kar%"a (%r)adi -%!/a'ia" k%r)a .a"' )%a*+ 23 !a"a)%r (ak

*%au *%r/a (a&u8 ar(i".a !a"a)%r (idak !%"'ua*ai *%!ua (a"'''u"'

)awa/".a8 *%&i"''a -%ru /%r/a'i d%"'a" ra"' ai" /awa&a"3 daa! /%"(uk

-%"d%%'a*ia" w%w%"a"' i"i a'ar -%k%r)aa" /%r)aa" %/i& /aik$

Pr*%* -%"d%%'a*ia" i"i &aru* di)a'a *%au %4%k(i48 .ak"i d%"'a"

ada".a k%)%a*a" k%-ada *ia-a8 dari *ia-a da" k%-ada *ia-a /%r(a"''u"' )awa/$ Ha i"i -%"(i"' a'ar (ak (%r)adi 5%ra- (u'a* *a!a k%-ada %/i& dari

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*a(u *a(ua" r'a"i*a*i3$ D%!ikia" -ua &aru* di)a!i" ada".a k%*a(ua"

-%ri"(a&+ da" ada".a (a"''u"' )awa/ da" w%w%"a"'+ *%r(a !%!/%ri

!(i5a*i8 a(i&a" da" -%"'awa*a"$

K%'a'aa" -%"d%%'a*ia" ,,.!/ (%r)adi kar%"a /%/%ra-a &a *%/a'ai

/%riku(=

a$ !%ra*a %/i& /ia dik%r)aka" *%"diri8

/$ (ak !au r%*ik /awa&a" *aa&8

1$ kura"' -%r1a.a k%!a!-ua" /awa&a"8

d$ *%"a"' kaau /awa&a" (ak /%rkua*a8

%$ (aku( /%r*ai"' d%"'a" /awa&a"8

4$ (ak ada k%!a!-ua" !a"a)%ria$

/.2.6. Sentraisasi dan desentraisasi

S%"(rai*a*i adaa& -%!u*a(a" k%kua*aa" da" w%w%"a"' -ada (i"'ka(

a(a* *ua(u r'a"i*a*i$ D%*%"(rai*a*i adaa& -%"d%%'a*ia" w%w%"a"' k%

/awa&8 .ak"i k% d%5i*i a(au 1a/a"'

Fak(r .a"' !%"%"(uka" d%ra)a( d%*%"(rai*a*i =

a$ !a"a)%r -u"1ak i"'i" kua(

/$ (i"'ka( -%r(u!/u&a" r'a"i*a*i

1$ *(ra(%'i da" i"'ku"'a" r'a"i*a*i

d$ -%".%/ara" '%'ra4i*

%$ kuai(a* !a"a)%r8 d

/.3.Peru'aan dan "engem'angan rganisasi

P%ru/a&a" daa! i"du*(ri > r'a"i*a*i adaa& *ua(u -%ru/a&a"

a(%ra(i"3 -ada !a"u*ia8 *(ruk(ur a(au (%k"'i$ Ma"a)%r /%r4u"'*i *%/a'ai

a'%" -%ru/a&a" 1&a"'% a'%"(3$ A'%" -%ru/a&a" adaa& ra"' .a"'

/%r(i"dak *%/a'ai ka(ai*a(r da" !%"'%a -r*%* -%ru/a&a"$

/.3.1. Sum'er "eru'aan

Su!/%r -%ru/a&a" ada /%/%r-a !a1a!8 .ak"i=

33


21/53

a$ k%kua(a" %k*(%r"a8 .a"' /%ra*a dari uar i"*(i(u*i i"du*(ri> r'a"i*a*i8

a"(ara ai" ada".a -%ru/a&a"=

a$ -%ra(ura" -%!%ri"(a&

/$ (%k"'i

1$ -%ru/a&a" %k"!i

/$ k%kua(a" i"(%r"a8 .ak"i /%/%ra-a ,6.!/ -%ru/a&a" .a"' /%ra*a dari

daa! i"'ku"'a" i"du*(ri> r'a"i*a*i8 *%-%r(i=

a$ r%di4i"i*i *(ra(%'i

/$ -%raa(a" /aru

1$ *ika- kar.awa"

/.3.2. Teri "eru'aan rganisasi

Ada dua -a"da"'a" daa! -r*%* -%ru/a&a"8 .ai(u (&% 1a! wa(%r*

!%(a-&r da" (&% w&i(%@wa(%r ra-id* !%(a-&r$

T&% 1a! wa(%r* !%(a-&r adaa& *%/ua& -r*%* -%ru/a&a" .a"'

(%r)adi daa! *i(ua*i *%-%r(i -ada *%/ua& ka-a /%*ar /%ra.ar di au(a" .a"'

(%"a"'

!%!a&a!i k%!a"a ka-a /%ra.ar$ B%"(uk -%ru/a&a" *%-%r(i da(a"'".a

/adai da-a( di-r%dik*i *%/%u!".a$ Pr*%* -%ru/a&a" !%aui (a&a-

u"4r%%i"'8 (a&a- 1&a"'i"'8 da" (a&a- r%4r%%i"'$ S%/ua& k"di*i .a"' (%a&

!a"(a- -ada i"du*(ri /ia aka" (%r)adi -%ru/a&a" kar%"a (%a& /i*a di-r%dik*i

*%/%u!".a8 !aka (a&a- -%r(a!a adaa& !%"1airka" k%!/ai *%*ua(u .a"'

(%a& !a"(a- (%r*%/u($ S%(%a& i(u8 k%!udia" diiku(i d%"'a" !%"'u/a&

!%")adi /%"(uk .a"' /aru+ u"(uk *%a")u(".a diiku(i (a&a- -%!/%kua"

k%!/ai$ D%"'a" d%!ikia" !aka -r*%* -%ru/a&a" adaa& /%ru/a& dari

*ua(u k%*%(i!/a"'a" k% k%*%(i!/a"'a" .a"' /aru$ Ada (i'a )aa" daa!

-r*%* -%ru/a&a" i"i8 .ai(u=

a$ !%"i"'ka(ka" dri5i"' 4r1%*8 .ai(u !%"'u!-uka" k%kua(a" .a"' -r

k%-ada -%ru/a&a" a'ar -r*%* -%ru/a&a" da-a( 1%-a( (%r)adi

/$ !%"uru"ka" r%*(rai"i"' 4r1%*8 .ak"i !%!i"i!a*i k%kua(a" .a"' a"(i

k%-ada -%ru/a&a" a'ar -r*%* -%ru/a&a" (idak (%r'a"''u

1$ k!/i"a*i k%dua".a$

T&% w&i(%@wa(%r ra-id* !%(a-&r adaa& *%/ua& -%ru/a&a" .a"'*i(ua*i".a da-a( dia!/arka" *%-%r(i a.ak".a *%/ua& -%ra&u k%1i .a"'

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22/53

!%aui *u"'ai /%riak$ Ha i"i (%"(u -%ra&u k%1i (%r*%/u( /%u! !%!a&a!i

k"di*i *u"'ai$ S%(ia- *aa( ,9.!/ *a)a /%r(%!u d%"'a" /a(u@/a(ua" a(au

/a&ka" -au"' *u"'ai .a"' daa!$ Daa! *i(ua*i *%-%r(i i"i !aka -%ru/a&a"

adaa& *%*ua(u .a"' aa!i8 *%&i"''a !a"'%a -%ru/a&a" adaa& *ua(u

-r*%* .a"' k"(i".u$

/.3.3. Resistensi dan te!ni! mengea "eru'aan

R%*i*(%"*i -ada -%ru/a&a" *%ri"' di)u!-ai daa! du"ia i"du*(ri>

r'a"i*a*i$ Pai"' (idak ada (i'a ,9.!/,9 r%*i*(%" -ada -%ru/a&a"8 .ai(u=

a$ k%(idak-a*(ia"8

/$ -%r&a(ia" /%r%/i& -ada k%-%"(i"'a" -ri/adi8

1$ k%-%r1a.aa" /a&wa -%ru/a&a" /uka" -%r&a(ia" (%r/aik -%ru*a&aa"

T%k"ik !%"uru"ka" r%*i*(%"*i -%ru/a&a" i"i da-a( diakuka" !%aui

/%/%ra-a )aa"=

a$ -%"didika" da" k!u"ika*i

/$ -ar(i*i-a*i

1$ 4a*ii(a*i da" duku"'a"

d$ "%'*ia*i8 d

Ada /%/%ra-a (%k"ik !%"'%a -%ru/a&a"8 /%rda*arka" ,9.!/

*(ruk(ur8 (%k"'i a(auka& !a"u*ia .a"' !%"'aa!i -%ru/a&a"$

P%ru/a&a" -ada *(ruk(ur da-a( dik%a !%aui 4r!ua*i k%!/ai

/%/%ra-a &a= *-%*iai*a*i k%r)a8 d%-ar(%!%"(a*i8 ra"(ai k!a"d8 %/ar

k%"dai *-a" 4 1"(r38 *%"(rai*a*i8 da" -%ra"1a"'a" k%!/ai )a/a(a" )/

r%d%*i'"3$

S%da"'ka" /ia -%ru/a&a" (%r)adi -ada (%k"'i8 !aka -%ru

diakuka" -%"'a(ura" k%!/ai a(a* -r*%* k%r)a8 !%(da8 da" -%raa(a"$

D%!ikia" -ua /ia .a"' (%r)adi adaa& -%ru/a&a" -ada !a"u*ia8 !aka

-%ru diakuka" -%"1%r!a(a" a(a* *ika-8 %k*-%k(a*i8 da" -%riaku (%"a'a

k%r)a$

/.3./. Pengem'angan rganisasi

T%k"ik -%"'%!/a"'a" r'a"i*a*i da-a( diak*a"aka" !%aui

/%/%ra-a 1ara8 .ai(u =a$ *%"*i(i5i(. (rai"i"'

35


23/53

/$ i"(%rak*i k%!-k (ak (%r*(ruk(ur

1$ *ur5%. 4%%d/a1k

d$ -r1%** 1"*u(a(i"

%$ (%a! /uidi"'

4$ i"(%r'ru- d%5%-!%"(

'$ -%ru/a&a" *ika-8 -%r*%-*i

B%/%ra-a i*u daa! !%"'%a -%ru/a&a"=

a$ -%ru/a&a" /uda.a r'a"i*a*i

/$ i!-%!%"(a*i TM

1$ r%%"'i"%%ri"'

d. !%"a"'a"i ,:.!/ kar.awa"

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24/53

6. LEADING

Fu"'*i %adi"' i"i *%/a'ai k%a")u(a" dari 4u"'*i -%r%"1a"aa" da"

4u"'*i -%"'r'a"i*a*ia"$ A-a .a"' (%a& di&a*ika" dari (a&a- -%r%"1a"aa"

k%!udia" dikawa d%"'a" d%"'a" (a&a- -%"'r'a"i*a*ia"8 !aka a'ar

-%r%"1a"aa" da" -%"'r'a"i*a*ia" (%r*%/u( da-a( /%r)aa" *%*uai d%"'a"

.a"' dir%"1a"aka" !aka 4u"'*i %adi"' i"i !%")adi -%"(i"'$ B%/%ra-a &a

.a"' aka" di/a&a* daa! %adi"' i"i adaa& !(i5a*i8 k%-%!i!-i"a" da"

di"a!ika k%!-k$

6.1. 7tiasi

M(i5a*i *%1ara *%d%r&a"a da-a( di)%a*ka" *%/a'ai 4ak(r@4ak(r .a"'

!%".%/a/ka"> !%".aurka" > !%!-%r(a&a"ka" -%riaku i"di5idu$ D%"'a"

ka(a ai"8 !(i5a*i adaa& *%*ua(u .a"' !%"dr"' (%"a'a k%r)a !%akuka"

*%*ua(u u"(uk !%"1a-ai (u)ua"$

6.1.1. Tujuan mtiasi

Ada-u" (u)ua" !%!(i5a*i (%"a'a k%r)a adaa&=

a$ M%"dr"' 'aira& da" *%!a"'a( (%"a'a k%r)a

/$ M%"i"'ka(ka" !ra da" k%-ua*a" k%r)a

1$ M%"i"'ka(ka" -rduk(i5i(a*

d$ M%!-%r(a&a"ka" *(a/ii(a* da" .ai(a*

%$ M%"i"'ka(ka" k%di*i-i"a"

4$ M%"1i-(aka" *ua*a"a da" &u/u"'a" k%r)a .a"' /aik

'$ M%"i"'ka( kr%a(i5i(a* da" -ar(i*i-a*i

&$ M%i"'ka(ka" k%*%)a&(%raa"

i$ M%!-%r(i"''i ra*a (a"''u"' )awa/

)$ M%"i"'ka(ka" %4i*i%"*i -%"''u"aa" aa( da" /a&a" /aku

6.1.2. 7enim'u!an minat8 mtiasi

La"'ka&@a"'ka& ku"1i .a"' da-a( diakuka" u"(uk !%"i!/uka"La"'ka&@a"'ka& ku"1i .a"' da-a( diakuka" u"(uk !%"i!/uka"

!i"a( a(au !(i5a*i /%k%r)a /a'i (%"a'a k%r)a a'ri"du*(ri8 *%1ara *i"'ka(!i"a( a(au !(i5a*i /%k%r)a /a'i (%"a'a k%r)a a'ri"du*(ri8 *%1ara *i"'ka(di)%a*ka" *%/a'ai /%riku(=di)%a*ka" *%/a'ai /%riku(=

37


25/53

a$ P%ru*a&aa" a'ri"du*(ri &aru* !a!-u !%"a"'ka- k%-ri/adia" (%"a'a

k%r)a$

/$ P%ru*a&aa" a'ri"du*(ri &aru* *%au !%"d%"'ar -%"da-a( (%"a'a k%r)a$

1$ P%ru*a&aa" a'ri"du*(ri &aru* !%")%a*ka" (u)ua" *a*ara"3 /i*"i*

k%-ada *%(ia- (%"a'a k%r)a$

d$ P%ru*a&aa" a'ri"du*(ri *%au !%!/%ri k%*%!-a(a" k%-ada *%uru&

(%"a'a k%r)a$

%$ P%ru*a&aa" a'ri"du*(ri &aru* !%!/%ri *%!a"'a( k%-ada *%uru& (%"a'a

k%r)a$

4$ P%ru*a&aa" a'ri"du*(ri &aru* *%au !%a.a"i (%"a'a k%r)a *%1ara adi$

'$ P%ru*a&aa" a'ri"du*(ri /%r(a"''u"' )awa/ *%/%u! ada !a*aa& a(au

k%)adia"$

/.1.3. Pa mtiasi

Ada 6 -a !(i5a*i .a"' da-a( di(%ra-ka" di -%ru*a&aa" a'ri"du*(ri8

.ai(u=

a$ Achievement Motivation8 .ak"i *ua(u dr"'a" .a"' !%!/%rika"

(a"(a"'a" /a'i (%"a'a k%r)a8 *%&i"''a !%r%ka !%!iiki k%i"'i"a" kua(

u"(uk !%"1a-ai k%!a)ua" da" -%r(u!/u&a"

/$ Affiliation Motivation8 .ak"i *ua(u dr"'a" -ada (%"a'a k%r)a u"(uk

!%akuka" &u/u"'a" d%"'a" ra"' ai"$

1$ Competence Motivation8 .ai(u *%/ua& dr"'a" -ada (%"a'a k%r)a u"(uk

*%au /%r-r%*(a*i *%&i"''a aka" !%"i"'ka(ka" !u(u -%k%r)aa"

d$ Power Motivation, .ai(u *ua(u dr"'a" -ada (%"a'a k%r)a u"(uk da-a(

!%"'%"daika" k%adaa" da" !%"'a!/i r%*ik daa! /%r(i"dak8 *%&i"''a

&a i"i -%ru diduku"' %& -a a8 / da" 1 di a(a*$

S%1ara (%k"i*8 -%ru*a&aa" !%!iiki /%r/a'ai 1ara u"(uk !%!(i5a*i

(%"a'a k%r)a$ Ada 9 1ara !%!(i5a*i (%"a'a k%r)a8 *%1ara *i"'ka( di)%a*ka"

*%/a'ai /%riku(=

a$ The strong approach, !%"%ka"ka" k%w%"a"'a" *%/a'ai -%!i!-i"

/$ The be good approach8 !%!/%ri k"di*i k%r)a da" (u")a"'a" .a"' /aik$

1$ Implicit bargaining 8 -%r*%(u)ua" (%r&ada- &a*i k%r)a da" i!/aa"

d$ Competition8 .a"' /%k%r)a /aik aka" !%"da-a(ka" /"u* .a"' *%*uai

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%$ Internalized motivation, -%rua*a" -%k%r)aa" job enlargement 38

-%r-u(ara"> -%r'iira" -%k%r)aa" job rotation38 -%"(i"'".a k%-ua*a"

,?.!/8 da" 'a.a k%-%!i!-i"a" .a"' *%*uai d%"'a" *i(ua*i

6.1./. Teri mtiasi

Pa"da"'a" !%!(i5a*i (%"a'a k%r)a -ada -%ru*a&aa" ada , !d%8

.ak"i =

a$ Md% (radi*i"a Ta.r38 *%1ara -ri"*i- /a&wa (%"a'a k%r)a di!(i5a*i

%& i"*%"(i4 ua"'3

/$ Md% Hu/u"'a" *%*a!a !a"u*ia E Ma.38 /a&wa k"(ak **ia a"(ar

-%k%r)a -%"(i"'$

1$ Md% *u!/%rda.a Ma"u*ia8 .ak"i (%"a'a k%r)a (ak &a".a (%r!(i5a*i

%& ua"' a(au i"'i" -ua*8 (a-i )u'a -%"1a-aia" da" !aki" k%r)a8 !a"a)%r

/%r(a"''u"' )awa/ -%"1a-aia" (u)ua" r'a"i*a*i da" i"di5idu *%*uai

d%"'a" k"(ri/u*i -%r&a(ia" > k%!a!-ua" i"di5idu

Pa"da"'a" *i*(%! (%r&ada- !(i5a*i di daa! r'a"i*a*i8 -ai"' (idak

ada , *%( 5aria/% .a"' /%r-%"'aru&+ .ai(u=

a. Karak(%ri*(ik i"di5idu à &irarki k%/u(u&a" da" ERG (&%r.

i$ P%r&a(ia"

ii$ K%1aka-a"

iii$ K%/u(u&a"

/$ Karak(%ri*(ik -%k%r)aa"

i$ Ti-% -%"'&ar'aa"

ii$ Ti"'ka( ("!i

iii$ Ti"'ka( 5aria*i -%k%r)aa"

1$ Karak(%ri*(ik *i(ua*i k%r)a

i$ Li"'ku"'a" k%r)a a"'*u"' a(a*a"3

ii$ Prak(%k -%"'&ar'aa" i"di5idu8 k%!-k3

iii$ Buda.a r'a"i*a*i

Hirarki K%/u(u&a" Ma*w3=

a$ K%/u(u&a" 4i*i'i* udara8 air8 !aka"8 *%k*3

/$ K%/u(u&a" ra*a a!a" a!a"8 /%/a* dari a"1a!a"3

39


27/53

1$ K%/u(u&a" ka*i& *a.a"' > **ia 1i"(a8 -%ra*aa" !%!iiki8 &u/u"'a"8

!a"u*ia *%*a!a3

d$ K%/u(u&a" -%"'&ar'aa" > %*(%%! &r!a(8 k%!a!-ua"8 *(a(u*8 d3

%$ K%/u(u&a" ak(uai*a*i diri > *%4 a1(uaia(i" (u!/u&8 -%ra*aa" *ai"'

!%%"'ka-i8 !%r%ai*a*ika" -(%"*i3

ERG (&%r. ;a.(" Ad%r4%r38 !%!/a'i k%/u(u&a" (%"a'a k%r)a

!%")adi (i'a8 .ak"i=

a$ !istence needs = &irarki k%/u(u&a" Ma*w

/$ "elatedness needs = k%/u(u&a" &u/u"'a" 60.!/ !a"u*ia

1$ #rowth needs = k%/u(u&a" kr%a(i5i(a* > -rduk(i5i(a* i"di5idu

B%/%ra-a &a .a"' -%ru di-%r&a(ika" u"(uk !%"i"'ka(ka" %4%k(i5i(a*

u*a&a !%!(i5a*i (%"a'a k%r)a adaa&=

a$ Ma"a)%r &aru* ak(i4 !%!(i5a*i /awa&a"

/$ Ma"a)%r !%!a&a!i k%%/i&a" k%kura"'a"".a *%/%u!

!%"%ra"'ka"".a k% /awa&a"

1$ Ma"a)%r &aru* *adar /a&wa -%k%r)a -u".a dr"'a" > k%!a!-ua"

/%r/%da /%da

d$ P%"'&ar'aa" di/%rika" /%rda*arka" -r%*(a*i > -%r4r!a"1%8 /uka"

*%k%dar *%"iri(a*

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28/53

%$ P%k%r)aa" dira"1a"' -%"u& d%"'a" (a"(a"'a" da" 5aria*i$ Bawa&a"

*adar (a"(a"' a-a .a"' di&ara-ka" dari diri".a

6.2. $e"emiminan

6.2.1. Pengertian Dan Pende!atan

K%-%!i!-i"a" da-a( diar(ika" *%/a'ai *ua(u -r*%* -%"'ara&a" da"

-%!/%ria" -%"'aru& -ada k%'ia(a"@k%'ia(a" dari *%k%!-k a"''(a .a"'

*ai"' /%r&u/u"'a" (u'a*".a$ I!-ika*i".a8 k%-%!i!-i"a" i(u !%".a"'ku(

ra"' ai"8 !%".a"'ku( -%!/a'ia" k%kua*aa"8 *%r(a *%ai" !%"'ara&ka"8

)u'a !%"''u"aka" -%"'aru&$

6.2.2. Pende!atan

Ada (i'a -%!d%ka(a" daa! k%-%!i!-i"a" i"i8 .ai(u

a$ K%-%!i!-i"a" *%/a'ai k!/i"a*i *i4a(@*i4a( .a"' (a!-ak$ B%/%ra-a *i4a(

-%"(i"' a"(ara ai"=

K%!a!-ua" *%/a'ai -%"'awa*

K%/u(u&a" aka" -r%*(a*i à i"'i" *uk*%*

K%1%rda*a" k%/i)aka"8 kr%a(i43

K%(%'a*a"

K%-%r1a.aa" diri

I"i*ia(i4

K%-%!i!-i"a" *%/a'ai -%"d%ka(a" *i4a( aka" !%!a"da"' /a&wa

*%ra"' -%!i!-i" i(u dia&irka"+ *i4a( k%-%!i!-i"a" /%& )adi

!%ru-aka" *i4a( /awaa" dari a&ir à *a"'a( !%"duku"'$ D%"'a"

d%!ikia" !aka *%ra"' -%!i!-i" i(u 6#.!/ di-%r*ia-ka" > dia)arka"8

!aka di-%ruka" *ua(u -%"didika" k%-%!i!-i"a"$

/$ M%"'id%"(i4ika*ika" -%riaku@-%riaku -ri/adi .a"' /%r&u/u"'a" d%"'a"

k%-%!i!-i"a"

P%"d%ka(a" k%-%!!-i"a" -%riaku !%i&a( /a&wa 4u"'*i

k%-%!i!-i"a" adaa& -%!%1a&a" !a*aa& da" -%!%i&araa" k%!-k$

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Ga.a k%-%!i!-i"a" ada dua !a1a!8 .ai(u #3 ri%"(a*i (u'a*8 da" 23

ri%"(a*i &u/u"'a" kar.awa"$ P%!ikira" i"i !%a&irka" a"(ara ai" Md%

K%-%!i!-i"a" Fi%d%r

1$ Pa"da"'a" *i(ua*i"a

P%"d%ka(a" k%-%!i!-i"a" *i(ua*i"a !%i&a( /a&wa (idak ada *a(u

'a.a k%-%!i!-i"a" .a"' id%a$ K%-%!i!-i"a" i(u k!-%k*8 *%&i"''a

'a.a .a"' -ai"' (%-a( (%r'a"(u"' -ada /%/%ra-a 62.!/6262 .a"'

*ai"' /%r&u/u"'a"$ P%!ikira" i"i !%a&irka" a"(ara ai" Pa(& Ga

T&%r. R/%r( Hu*%3

6.2.3. Teri $e"emim"inan 7de Fieder

Sua(u (%ri .a"' !%"u")ukka" /a&wa %4%k(i5i(a* k%!-k (%r'a"(u"'

-ada k%*%*uaia" a"(ara 'a.a k%-%!i!-i"a" daa! /%ri"(%rak*i d%"'a"

/awa&a" da" k"di*i u"(uk !%!/%rika" 62.!/62 da" -%"'aru& -ada

-%!i!-i"$ Ada dua (i-% 'a.a *%*%ra"' daa! k%-%!i!-i"a"8 .ak"i= #3

ri%"(a*i -ada (u'a*8 da" 23 ri%"(a*i -ada &u/u"'a" d%"'a" /awa&a"

kar.awa"3

M%"'ukur 'a.a k%-%!i!-i"a" Md% Fi%d%r !%"''u"aka" *a(u *%(

ku%*i"%r LP; L%a*(@Pr%4%rr%d ;@Crk%r38 .ak"i *%/ua& *%( ku%*i"%r

.a"' (%rdiri dari #: -a*a"' ka(a *i4a( .a"' di*kr #@


30/53

;-%ra(i5% < # U"1-%ra(i5%à

Su--r(i5% < # H*(i% à

Bri"' # < I"(%r%*(i"' à

uarr%*!% # < Har!"iu* à

S%4@A**ur%d < # H%*i(a"( à

E44i1i%"( < # I"%44i1i%"( à

G!. # < ;&%%r4u à

O-%" < # Guard%d à

K%%!a&a" -%"'ukura" Md% Fi%d%r à (idak !%"'ukur , di!%"*i

k"(i"'%"*i8 .ak"i = #3 &u/u"'a" -%!i!-i" da" a"''(a (i"'ka( k%-%r1a.aa"

da" r%*-%k /awa&a" (%r&ada- -%!i!-i"38 23 *(ruk(ur (u'a* -r*%dura daa!

!%!/%rika" (u'a*@(u'a*38 da" ,3 -*i*i K%kua*aa" -%"'aru& -%!i!-i"

.a"' !%!iiki k%kua*aa" /%r%/i&8 *%-%r(i -ada ak(i5i(a* -%"arika"8 PHK8

di*i-i"8 -r!*i da" -%"''a)ia"

E4%k(i5i(a* k%-%!i!-i"a" daa! Md% Fi%d%r da-a( di)%a*ka"

*%/a'ai /%riku($ Ori%"(a*i (u'a* 1%"d%ru"' %/i& /aik -ada *i(ua*i 5%r.

4a5ra/% da" *i(ua*i 5%r. u"4a5ra/%8 *%da"'ka" ri%"(a*i &u/u"'a"

1%"d%ru"' %/i& /aik -ada *i(ua*i !d%ra(%. 4a5ra/%$ U-a.a -%"i"'ka(a"

%4%k(i5i(a* daa! !d% i"i !%aui = #3 !%"''a"(ika" -%!i!-i" /aru .a"'

%/i& 11k d%"'a" *i(ua*i *aa( i"i8 da" 23 !%ru/a& *i(ua*i a'ar *%*uai >

11k d%"'a" -%!i!-i" *aa( i"i$

6.2./. Teri !e"emim"inan Pat9#a Ter&

Pri"*i- da*ar dari Pa(&@Ga T&%r. R/%r( Hu*%3 !%i&a( /a&wa

-%riaku -%!i!-i" da-a( di(%ri!a %& /awa&a" *%)au& !%r%ka 6,.!/

!%i&a( ada".a k%-ua*a" /aik .a"' *%'%ra da-a( dira*aka" a(au-u" u"(uk

!a*a d%-a"$

E!-a( -%riaku -%!i!-i" daa! Md% i"i8 .ai(u=

a$ Dir%1(i5% %ad%r !%"'ara&ka" /awa&a" /a'ai!a"a !%".%%*aika"

(u'a*".a3

/$ Su--r(i5% %ad%r /%r*a&a/a( da" !%"u")ukka" -%r&a(ia" -ada

k%/u(u&a" /awa&a"3

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1$ Par(i1i-a(i5% %ad%r /%rk"*u(a*i d%"'a" /awa&a" da" !%!-%r&a(i"a

*ara" /awa&a" *%/%u! !%!u(u*ka"3

d$ A1&i%5%!%"( ri%"(%d %ad%r !%"%"(uka" *a*ara" da" !%"'&ara-ka"

/awa&a" !%"1a-ai *a*ara" (%r*%/u( -ada -r%*(a*i (%r/aik".a3

D%"'a" k%(%ra"'a" di a(a*8 )%a*a& /a&wa ada /%/%ra-a -%r/%daa"

-ri"*i- a"(ara Md% Fi%d%r da" Md% Hu*%=

a$ Md% Fi%d%r !%i&a( /a&wa 'a.a k%-%!i!-i"a" di-a"da"' (%(a- 4i%d38

.ak"i ri%"(a*i -ada (u'a* a(au ri%"(a*i -ada &u/u"'a" r%a*i3

/$ Md% Hu*% !%i&a( /a&wa -%riaku -%!i!-i" /%r*i4a( 4%i/%8 *%*uai

d%"'a" *i(ua*i .a"' ada8 a-aka& *%/a'ai -%"'ara&8 -%"duku"'8

-ar(i*i-a(i4 a(au ri%"(a*i -ada -%"1a-aia" *a*ara"$

1$ Fak(r k"(i"'%"*i i"'ku"'a" di uar 66.!/66 /awa&a" *(ruk(ur (u'a*8

66.!/ w%w%"a"' 4r!a8 k%!-k k%r)a3 da" 66.!/ k"(i"'%"*i

karak(%ri*(ik -ri/adi /awa&a" -%"'aa!a"8 k%!a!-ua"3

6.2.6. 7de $e"emim"inan ainn&a

L%ad%r Par(i1i-a(i" Md%8 .ak"i *%k%!-k a(ura" .a"'

!%"%"(uka" /%"(uk da" )u!a& -%"'a!/ia" k%-u(u*a" -ar(i*i-a(i4 -ada

*i(ua*i (%r(%"(u .a"' /%r/%da$ B%/%ra-a 'a.a daa! !d% i"i = (kra(ik8

k"*u(a(i4 da" k%!-k 'ru-3$

;&ari*!a(i1 L%ad%r*&i- T&%r.8 d%"'a" !%!-%r&a(ika" /%/%ra-a

4a1(r *%-%r(i=

S%4@1"4id%"1%

Vi*i"

A/ii(. ( ar(i1ua(% (&% 5i*i"

S(r"' 1"5i1(i"* a/u( (&% 5i*i"

B%&a5ir (&a( i* u( 4 (&% rdi"ar.

A--%ara"1% a* a 1&a"'% a'%"(

E"5ir"!%"( *%"*i(i5i(.

Tra"*a1(i"a VS Tra"*4r!a(i"a L%ad%r*&i-8 .a"' da-a( di)%a*ka"

*%/a'ai /%riku($ Tra"*a1(i"a %ad%r adaa& -%!i!-i" .a"' !%!/i!/i"'

da" !%!(i5a*i -%"'iku(".a /awa&a"".a3 daa! ara& -%"1a-aia" (u)ua"

.a"' (%a& dik%!/a"'ka" !%aui kari4ika*i k%/u(u&a" -%ra" da" (u'a*$

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Tra"*4r!a(i"a %ad%r .ak"i -%!i!-i" .a"' !%!-%r&a(ika" -%r(i!/a"'a"

i"di5idu a"ak /ua&".a8 *(i!ua*i i"(%%k(ua da" kari*!a$

6.3. $muni!asi

P%"'%r(ia" k!u"ika*i adaa& -r*%* -%!i"da&a" -%"'%r(ia"

'a'a*a">i"4r!a*i3 dari *%*%ra"' k% ra"' ai" ka(a@ka(a8 %k-r%*i wa)a&

i"("a*i8 d$ Pr*%* k!u"ika*i da-a( di/%daka" a(a* a"(ar -ri/adi da"

r'a"i*a*i$ A"(ar Pri/adi8 .ak"i k!u"ika*i a"(ara *%*%ra"' d%"'a" ra"'

ai" *%/a'ai i"di5idu+ *%da"'ka" k!u"ika*i r'a"i*a*i8 .ak"i k!u"ika*i

*%*%ra"' d%"'a" -i&ak ai" daa! ka-a*i(a* !%wakii *ua(u %!/a'a$

6.3.1. 7de !muni!asi

Md% -r*%* k!u"ika*i *%d%r&a"a da-a( di)%a*ka" *%/a'ai /%riku($

P%"'iri! B%ri(a P%"%ri!a

S%da"'ka" !d% -r*%* k!u"ika*i .a"' %/i& k!-%k* adaa&

*%/a'ai /%riku($

#$ Su!/%r !%!-u".ai 'a'a*a" :$ M%"'iri! u!-a" /aik

-%!ikira"> k%*a"

2$ Di(%r)%!a&ka" a(au di*a"dika" 9$ Di(%r)%!a& k%!/ai

K% daa! ka(a@ka(a a(au 69.!/ k% 'a'a*a" 'a'a*a"

,$ Di*a!-aika" a(au dikiri!ka" 6$ P%"%ri!a

*/' /%ri(a k%-ada -%"%ri!a !%"a"'ka- *i!/@*i!/

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6.3.2. 7de !muni!asi rganisasi

E4%k(i4i(a* k!u"ika*i r'a"i*a*i di-%"'aru&i %& /%/%ra-a &a

*%/a'ai /%riku(=

a$ Saura" k!u"ika*i 4r!a8 .a"' di-%"'aru&i daa! dua 1ara8 .ai(u #3

i-u(a" *aura" 4r!a *%!aki" !%%/ar *%*uai -%rk%!/a"'a" r'a"i*a*i8

da" 23 da-a( !%"'&a!/a( aira" i"4r!a*i a"(ar (i"'ka( r'a"i*a*i

/$ S(ruk(ur r'a"i*a*i8 .ak"i -%r/%daa" k%kua*aa">k%duduka" !%"%"(uka"

-i&ak@-i&ak .a"' /%rk!u"ika*i>i*i da" k%(%-a(a"".a

1$ S-%*iai*a*i )a/a(a"8 .ai(u *-%*iai*a*i )a/a(a" !%!-%r!uda& k!u"ika*i

d$ K%-%!iika" i"4r!a*i8 !i*a".a i"di5idu -u".a i"4r!a*i k&u*u*

6.3.1. Ti"e9ti"e jaringan !muni!asi

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6.3.2. Sauran !muni!asi daam rganisasi

K!u"ika*i V%r(ika8 .ak"i k!u"ika*i k% a(a* (%"(a"' i"4r!a*i a-a

.a"' ada di /awa&8 a-ra"8 -%")%a*a"8 'a'a*a"8 da" -%r!i"(aa"$

K!u"ika*i k% /awa& /%ru-a -%"'ara&a"8 i"4r!a*i8 i"*(ruk*i8

"a*%&a(>*ara"$ K!u"ika*i &ri*"(a *i4a( krdi"a(i48 .ak"i k!u"ika*i

a"(ar a"''(a daa! k%!-k8 k!u"ika*i a"(ar k%!-k$

K!u"ika*i dia'"a8 .ak"i k!uika*i .a"' !%!("' !%".ia"'

dia'"a ra"(ai -%ri(a&8 *%/a'ai &a*i &u/u"'a" i"i da" *(a4$

Pr%*id%" Dir%k(ur

Ma"a)%r Ma"a)%r Ma"a)%r Ma"a)%r

P%!a*ara" Prduk*i Kaua"'a"

P%r*"aia

6.3.3. Ham'atan dan "ening!atan e+e!tiitas !muni!si

Ha!/a(a" r'a"i*a*i"a !%i-u(i=

a$ Ti"'ka(a" &irarki

/$ C%w%"a"' !a"a)%ria

1$ S-%*iai*a*i

S%da"'ka" /%/%ra-a &a!/a(a" a"(ar -ri/adi a"(ara ai"=

a$ P%r*%-*i *%%k(i4

/$ S(a(u* > k%duduka" k!u"ika*i

1$ K%adaa" !%!/%a diri

d$ P%"d%"'ara" %!a&

%$ K%(idak(%-a(a" -%"''u"aa" /a&a*a"

B%riku( i"i di-a-arka" /%/%ra-a u-a.a -%"i"'ka(a" %4%k(i5i(a*k!u"ika*i=

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a$ K%*adara" aka" k%/u(u&a" k!u"ika*i %4%k(i5i(a*

/$ P%"''u"aa" u!-a" /aik

1$ M%")adi k!u"ika(r .a"' %/i& %4%k(i4

d$ P%d!a" k!u"ika*i .a"' /aik

%$ ;ari k%)%a*a" 'a'a*a"

4$ T%i(i (u)ua" k!u"ika*i

'$ P%r(i!/a"'a" 4i*ik !a"u*ia

&$ K"*u(a*i d'" /%r/a'ai 4i&ak

i$ T%ka"a" "ada > %k*-r%*i

)$ A!/i k%*%!-a(a" u!-a" /aik

k$ Iku(i (%ru* k!u"ik*i

$ K"*i*(%"*i

!$ Ti"daka" dr"'a"

"$ P%"d%"'ar .a"' /aik

6.3./. $muni!asi dan "er!em'angan Te!ngi In+rmasi

B%/%ra-a (%r/*a" /aru aki/a( ada".a -%rk%!/a"'a" (%k"'i

da-a( di)%a*ka" *%/a'ai /%riku($

a$ E%k(r"i1 !ai8 .ak"i *irkua*i da(a da" (%k* a"(ar k!-u(%r

/$ Vid% ;"4%r%"1i"'8 .ai(u -%r(%!ua" !%aui (%%k!u"ika*i /ia*a".a

(ra"*!i*i *a(%i( TV

1$ T%%1!u(i"'8 .ai(u -%!akaia" k!-u(%r .a"' !%!u"'ki"ka" i"di5idu

/%k%r)a di ru!a&8 &a".a !%!"'iri! -%k%r)aa" k% ka"(r %wa( (%-" a(au

da(a "%(wrk$

6./. 7anajemen $n+i!

6./.1. Pengertian $n+i! !m"etisi !erjasama

K"4ik adaa& k%(idak*%(u)ua" a"(ara i"di5idu a(au k%!-k daa!

r'a"i*a*i (%"(a"' k%/u(u&a" -%"'%aa" *u!/%r da.a di daa! k"di*i

*ai"' k%(%r'a"(u"'a"8 *%da"'ka" k!-%(i*i -%"'%r(ia"".a adaa& *i(ua*i

dua a(au %/i& k%!-k /%r*ai"'8 (%(a-i (idak *ai"' !%!-%"'aru&i$

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K%r)a*a!a da-a( di)%a*ka" *%/a'ai *%/ua& -r*%* /%k%r)a *a!a u"(uk

!%wu)udka" (u)ua" /%r*a!a

I"(i dari !a"a)%!%" k"4ik adaa& !a"a)%r &aru* !%"1/a

!%"%!uka" )aa" u"(uk !%".%i!/a"'ka" a"(ara k"4ik da" k%r)a *a!a$

Ada dua -a"da"'a" (%"(a"' k"4ik =

a. -a"da"'a" (radi*i"a8 .ak"i k"4ik (ak -%ru8 k"4ik !%ru*ak8 da" k"4ik

!%ru-aka" (a"da /a&wa k%*aa&a" daa! !a"a)%!%"

b. I"(%ra1(i"i*( !d%r"38 /%r-%"da-a( /a&wa k"4ik i(u -%ru8 k"4ik /i*a

!%ru*ak (%(a-i )u'a /i*a !%!/ua( %4%k(i48 k"4ik da-a( !%"1ari >

!%"%!uka" *u*i8 K"4ik ada .a"' /%r!a"4aa( da" ada .a"' !%ru*ak$

B%r!a"4aa( = k"4ik 4u"'*i"a8 da" !%ru*ak = k"4ik di*4u"'*i"a

6./.2. Ti"e dan sum'er !n+i!

Ada %"a! (i-% k"4ik8 .ai(u #3 k"4ik i"(%r"a i"di5idu8 23 k"4ik a"(ar

i"di5idu8 ,3 k"4ik a"(ara i"di5idu da" k%!-k8 63 k"4ik a"(ara k%!-k

-ada r'a"i*a*i .a"' *a!a8 93 k"4ik a"(ar r'a"i*a*i8 da" :3 k"4ik a"(ar

i"di5idu /%r/%da r'a"i*a*i

Su!/%r K"4ik a"(ara ai" adaa& -%!akaia" *u!/%r da.a !a"u*ia

/%r*a!a8 -%r/%daa" (u)ua"8 k%(%r'a"(u"'a" ak(i5i(a* k%r)a8 -%r/%daa" "iai >

-%r*%-*i8 'a.a i"di5idu$

Ti'a !%(d% -%".%%*aia" k"4ik .ai(u #3 *(i!ua*i k"4ik8 23 r%duk*i

k"4ik8 da" ,3 r%*u*i k"4ik

S(i!ua*i k"4ik =

a$ !%!/awa k% -i&ak uar

/$ r%*(ruk(uri*a*i r'a"i*a*i

1$ !%!/a"'ki(ka" k!-%(i*i

d$ !%!ii& !a"a)%r .a"' (%-a(

R%duk*i k"4ik =

a$ *ai"' !%!/%ri i"4r!a*i

/$ !%"i"'ka(ka" &u/u"'a" **ia a"(ar k%!-k

1$ !%!i"(a -i!-i"a" k%!-k /%r"%'*ia*i

R%*u*i k"4ik =

a$ d!i"a*i ada .a"' !%"a"' da" ada .a"' kaa&3/$ k!-r!i k"*%"*u*3

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;"(& k"4ik a"(ara i"i da" *(a4 !i*a".a8 -a"da"'a" dari i"i /a&wa

k%kua*aa" *(a4 /%r%/i&8 da" *(a4 (ak /%ri *ara" .a"' -rak(i*$ S%da"'ka"

-a"da"'a" dari *(a4 !%".%/u(ka" /a&wa i"i !%!/%ri k%kua*aa" -ada *(a4

*a"'a( k%1i8 *%r(a i"i (ak !%"uru(i *ara" dari *(a4$

Sara" u"(uk -%".%%*aia" =

a$ r%*-"*i/ii(. .a"' )%a*

/$ ak(i5i(a* .a"' (%ri"(%'ra*i

1$ -%"didika" /a'i i"i a'ar !%!akai *(a4 *%!%*(i".a

d. !i"i!a*i k"4ik !%aui "%'*ia*i8 (u)ua" )%a*+ (ak (%r/uru@/uru8

-%r*ia-a" !a(a"'+ *%/a'ai -%"d%"'ar .a"' /aik8 k%"daika" %!*i+

/%a)ar !%!a&a!i ra"' ai"

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:. (ONTROLLIN# )PEN#ENDALIAN*

:$#$Pri*i- da*ar -%"'%"daia"

P%"'%r(ia" -%"'%"daia" adaa& -r*%* u"(uk !%")a!i" (u)ua"

(%r1a-ai8 !%aui *%ra"'kaia" -r*%* -%"'%"daia" *%/a'ai /%riku(=

a$ P%"%(a-a" *(a"dar -%ak*a"aa"

/$ P%"'ukura" -%ak*a"aa"

1$ P%"'%1%ka" a(a* &a*i a-aka& *%*uai *(a"dar

d$ P%"'a!/ia" (i"daka" kr%k*i

Sk%!a (a&a-a" -%"'%"daia" da-a( di'a!/arka" *%/a'ai /%riku(=

P%"%(a-a" P%"'ukura"

S(a"dar -%ak*a"aa"

P%ak*a"aa"

T

S%*uai *(a"dar Ti"daka" kr%k*i

D "(&i"'

Pr*%* -%"'%"daia" *%!aki" -%"(i"' kar%"a ada".a k%/u(u&a"

*%/a'ai /%riku(=

a$ P%ru/a&a" i"'ku"'a" r'a"i*a*i

/$ P%"i"'ka(a" k!-%k*i(a* r'a"i*a*i

1$ K%*aa&a"@k%*aa&a"d$ K%/u(u&a" -%"d%%'a*ia" w%w%"a"'

51


39/53

Ma"a)%r !%!iiki -%ra" .a"' *a"'a( *(ra(%'i* daa! -r*%*

-%"'%"daia"$ Ha i"i !%"'i"'a( /a&wa ada -%"da-a( /a&wa -%"'awa*a"

dia"''a- !%"'a"1a! k%/%/a*a"$ S%da"'ka" -%"'%"daia" i(u di-%ruka"

u"(uk !%")a!i" -%"1a-aia" (u)ua"$ O%& kar%"a i(u8 (u'a* !a"a)%r &aru*

!a!-u !%"%!uka" k%*%i!/a"'a" a"(ara -%"'awa*a" r'a"i*a*i da"

k%/%/a*a" -ri/adi$

B%/%ra-a )%"i* a(au (i-% -%"'%"daia"8 .ai(u=

a. P%"'%"daia" -%"da&uua" -r%@a1(i" 1"(r38 .ak"i !%"'%"daika"

a-aka& !a"u*ia8 /a&a" /aku8 *u!/%r k%ua"'a" a-aka& *uda&

dia"''arka"

/$ P%"'%"daia" -%"'ara&a" *(%%ri"' 1"(r3

1$ M%"d%(%k*i -%".i!-a"'a" da" kr%k*i

:.2.Pengendaian E+e!ti+

P%"'%"daia" .a"' %4%k(i4 !%!%"u&i /%/%ra-a kri(%ria8 .ai(u

a$ Akura(

/$ T%-a( wak(u

1$ O/.%k(i4

d$ Fku* -ada (i(ik *(ra(%'i*

%$ R%ai*(i* *%1ara %k"!i*

4$ R%ai*(i* *%1ara r'a"i*a(ri*

Pr*%* -%"'%"daia" &aru* diu*a&aka" *%1ara %4%k(i48 !%aui

/%/%ra-a a"'ka& *%/a'ai /%riku(=

a$ T%rkrdi"a*i d%"'a" aira" k%r)a r'a"i*a*i

/$ F%k*i/%

1$ O-%ra*i"a

d$ Di(%ri!a %& a"''(a r'a"i*a*i

P%r!a*aa&a" daa! -%"'%"daia" .a"' %4%k(i4

a$ Fak(r .a"' !uda& (%rukur !%"da-a( //( /%*ar8 4ak(r .a"' *ui(

(%rukur !%"da-a( //( k%1i

/$ T%rau di(%ka"ka" -ada 4ak(r )a"'ka -%"d%k

1$ Si*(%! -%"'%"daia" !u"'ki" (ak /i*a di*%*uaika" (%r&ada- -%ru/a&a"

k%-%"(i"'a" ak(i5i(a* da" (u)ua"

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;. Reengineering

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54


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55


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57


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46/53

%& (%ri "%@ka*ik .a"' !%"'%d%-a"ka" i/%rai*a*i -a*ar !da8

-%rda'a"'a" /%/a* da" -ri5a(i*a*i BUMN u"(uk !%")a'a k%*i"a!/u"'a"

4i*ka8 (%a& !uai di-%r(a".aka" k%(%ra"daa"".a$ D%"'a" u-a.a !%"1a-ai

-%r(u!/u&a" .a"' (i"''i da" !%")a'a i"4a*i .a"' r%"da& (%r".a(a (%a&

!%"'r/a"ka" /a".ak k%-%"(i"'a" !a*.araka( (%ru(a!a di *%k(r

-%"didika"8 k%*%&a(a" da" i"4ra*(ruk(ur da%ra& -%d%*aa"$

S%)aa" d%"'a" r%k!%"da*i Ba--%"a*>UNSFIR 20023 di daa!

Eri.a(" 20063 /a&wa -%!/a"'u"a" k%d%-a" *%&aru*".a /%rakar -ada

%k"!i d!%*(ik /aik dari *i*i -%"awara" !au-u" -%r!i"(aa"8 !aka *uda&

*%-a(u(".a k%/u(u&a" %k"!i /%rda*arka" k%u"''ua" k!-ara(i4 di/a"'u"

!%aui -%!/%rda.aa" u*a&a !ikr8 k%1i da" !%"%"'a& *%r(a ak(i5i(a*

*u/(i(u*i i!-r u"(uk !%!%"u&i -a*ar daa! "%'%ri /a'i 220 Ju(a -%"duduk

I"d"%*ia$ Ara&a" i"i *%"a4a* d%"'a" a!a"a( Bu"' Ha((a #?,03 /a&wa

I"d"%*ia !%!iiki k%kua(a" %k"!i8 &a".a )ika (a&u !%".adari 1ara u"(uk

!%"'%k-(a*i".a$ O%& kar%"a i(u -%ru *%'%ra dira"1a"' k%/i)aka" -u/ik

.a"' /%rk%-i&aka" -ada -%!%"u&a" &ak da*ar rak.a( da" u"(uk

i!-%!%"(a*i -a*ar .a"' /%r-rik%!a"u*iaa" .a"' !a!-u !%")awa/

k%-%"(i"'a" -%!/a"'u"a" da%ra& *%1ara %/i& !%ra(a$

Ptensi Desa

B%r/i1ara -(%"*i d%*a8 (%"(u .a"' -%r(a!a di*%/u( adaa&

(%r*%dia".a *u!/%r da.a aa!8 /aik .a"' &a.a(i !au-u" .a"' "" &a.a(i8

adaka& .a"' (idak (%rda-a( di -%d%*aa" ki(a S%!%*(i".a8 ki(a Ba"'*a

I"d"%*ia -a(u( /a".ak /%r*.ukur a(a* k%&%/a(a" da" k%%"'ka-a" k%ka.aa"

aa! .a"' dia"u'%ra&ka" k%-ada ki(a$

Su!/%r da.a !a"u*ia -%d%*aa" )u'a !%i!-a&8 /a&ka" /a".ak

dia"(ara !%r%ka /%rur/a"i*a*i k% k(a kar%"a !%r%ka (idak !%!iiki

-%k%r)aa" di d%*a$ M%r%ka-u" /uka" (%r!a*uk ra"' .a"' !aa* /%k%r)a$

Ha i"i da-a( di-%r&a(ika" /a'ai!a"a -a k%r)a !%r%ka k%(ika !%"''ara-

*awa& da" ada"'".a8 a(au-u" (%r"ak da" ika"".a$

P(%"*i d%*a-u" (%r1%r!i" dari &a*i ka)ia" R%"5a*i P%r%k"!ia"

Na*i"a RPN3 .a"' !%"%'a*ka" /a&wa *%k(r .a"' !%!iiki (i"'ka(kri(ikai(a* .a"' *a"'a( -%"(i"' /a'i -%!/a"'u"a" I"d"%*ia !%"da(a"'

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adaa& *%k(r u*a&a !ikr>*%k(r i"4r!a8 *%k(r k%ua"'a" "%'ara APBN38

*%k(r k%au(a" da" -%rika"a" rak.a(8 *%k(r -a"'a" da" 'ii8 *%k(r u*a&a

k%1i>!%"%"'a&8 *%k(r -%r(a!/a"'a" /%*ar8 *%k(r -%"didika" u!u!8 *%k(r

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