wdydr...44 fkdñf,a fnÞ yeßu i|yd h wdydr fuu mßÉfþoh wOHhkh lsÍfuka Tng" ksfrda.S Èúhla...

44fkdñf,a fnÞ yeßu i|yd h

wdydr

fuu mßÉfþoh wOHhkh lsÍfuka Tng"

♦ ksfrda.S Èúhla i|yd myiq" kj;djlska hq;a wdydr ms<sfh, lsÍu

♦ ffoksl wjYH;d i|yd fhda.H wdydr f;dard .ekSu

♦ iq¿ jHdmdrhla jYfhka wdydr ieliSu

♦ ieliq wdydr fjf<|fmd<g bÈßm;a lsÍu

hk lreKq ms<sn| wdydr fCIa;%hg wÞ< wfmalaIs; ksmqK;d ,nd .ekSug yels

jkq we;'


ñksia isref¾ meje;au i|yd wdydr w;HjYH fõ' tkï" isrer ukdj

jeãug ;a" tÈfkÞ ld¾hhkays kshe,Sug ;a" frda.j,ska wdrlaId ùug ;a" wm

ffoksl j .kakd wdydrj,ska buy;a fiajhla bgq fjhs'

fmdaIKh ms<sn| jeo.;a f;dr;=re f.k tk wdo¾Y jels lsysmhla my;

i|yka fõ'

v cd;shl moku" ksfrda.S orejd h'

v oefha Yla;sh" m%cd fmdaIKfhka ,efí'

v wdfrda.Hd mrud ,dNd

v ish¨ i;a;ajfhda wdydrfhka hefm;s'

v ksfrda.S ukila we;af;a ksfrda.S isrerla ;=< h'

v f.or ms<sfh, lr.;a wdydrfhka" Tfí fi!LHh /fla'

ksfrda.S Èúhla i|yd fmdaIKfha we;s

jeo.;alu by; i|yka wdo¾Y jelsj,ska Tnguekúka meyeÈ,s jkq we;'

lsis Èfkl fjf<|fmd<g f.dia ke;s i|,s" tla

Èkla uj;a iu. .fï fjf<|fmd<g .shd h'

fjf<|fmd<g hk w;r uj yd i|,s

w;r we;s jQ ixjdohl fldgils" fï'

uj (- ljÞj;a ke;=j Thdg wo fmd<g

tkak ys;=fKa fudlo ÿj@ Thd

tkjd kï ug;a fyd|hsfka'

i|,s (- b;ska wïud yeu Þ u fmdf<ka

wrf.k tkafka tl jf.a u

t<j¿ fka" lEu lk fldg tmd

fjkjd'

2ksfrda.S Èúhla i|yd myiq" kj;djlska hq;a

wdydr

l%shdldrlu 2'1

1' fuu wdo¾Y jels >k lvÞis u; meyeÈ,s wl=frka ,shd Tfí mka;s

ldurfha m%o¾Ykh lrkak'

2' fmdaIKhg wÞ< wdo¾Y jels yels;dla fidhd Tfí wNHdi fmdf;a

,shkak'

@


uj (- fudkjd lrkak o ÿfõ@ yeu Þ u tl u foaj,a fka fmdf<a ;sfhkafka'

i|,s (- Tõ" wïud tl u foaj,a ñ, § .;a;g lula keye' w¨;a tAjd f;dard

f.k tAjd w¨;a l%uj,g ms<sfh, lrkak ´k'

uj (- fudkj o ÿj w¨;a l%u lshkafka@ weÕg .=K kï fldfydu lEju

fudlo@

i|,s (- keye wïud uu kï myiqfjka lrkak mq¿jka w¨;a l%u okakjd' wms

m%dfhda.sl yd ;dlaI‚l l=i,;d úIhg yqÕdla foaj,a bf.k .;a;d'

wïud (- tfykï leu;s fohla wrf.k Thdg leu;s úÈylg yokakfld'

;d;a;;a leu;s fjhs fka" rig lEu lkak'

fmdaIHodhs fldia ñY%Kh

wjYH øjH

fldia uÿ¿ .a?ï 200

fldia weg .a?ï 50

úh<s yd,aueiaika .a?ï 50

lerÜ .a?ï 150

l;=reuqrex.d fld< .a?ï 25

f,dl= ÆkQ .a?ï 100

úh<s ñßia lr,a lsysmhla

rïfma" lrmsxpd

bÕ=re" iqÿÆkq iaj,amhla

f;,a iaj,amhla

¨Kq iaj,amhla

l%shdldrlu 2'2

1' i|,s fjf<|fmdf<ka ñ, § .;a wdydr øjH w;=ßka ilia lr .;a

kj;djlska hq;a wdydr j¾. folla my; olajd we;'

I fmdaIHodhs fldia ñY%Khla

II n;, Ñmaia

2' my; i|yka wuqøjH imhdf.k tu wdydr j¾. fol w;ayÞ n,kak'

@


idok l%uh

v fldia uÿ¿ iy fldia weg fnß fkdjk fia ;ïnd .kak'

v lerÜ" Ækq" isyska j lmd .kak'

v yd,aueiaika .eUqre f;f,a rkajka meye jk f;la neo .kak'

v f;,a iaj,amhla ;dÉÑhlg oud th r;ajk úg isyska j lmd .;a bÕ=re"

iqÿ Ækq" rïfma" lrmsxpd tla lr .kak'

v fuu øjH ;rula nefok úg l;=reuqrex.d fld< iy isyska j lmk ,o

lerÜ tla lr j¾Kh fjkia fkdjk fia neo .kak'

v fuu ñY%Khg len,s lr .;a úh<s ñßia o" neo.;a yd,aueiaika o" tl;=

lrkak'

v miq j ;ïnd.;a fldia o tl;= lr ri wkqj ¨Kq tla lrkak'

v WKqiqu ;sìh § u wdydrhg .kak'

n;, Ñmaia

wjYH øjH

n;, lsf,da .a?ï 1

fmd,af;,a ñ,s ,Sgr 400 hs

¨Kq l=vq .a?ï 25

ñßia l=vq .a?ï 50

idok l%uh

msßisÿ lsÍu

isyska ;Sre lemSu

foys hqI yd ¨Kq ñY% c,hg ±óu

ê

iaj,am fõ,djla ;nd bj;g .ekSu

rkajka mdg jk ;=re ne§u

WKqiqï j ;sìh § ¨Kq iy ñßia l=vq tl;= lsÍu

fmd,s;skaj, weisÍu

f;;ukh bj;a lsÍu

ê

ê

ê

ê

ê

ê


wdydr fõ,l wvx.= m%Odk fmdaIl fldgia

fmdaIKfhka wfma isrerg

1' flia" ksh jeãug

iu o meyem;a ùug

iú n, jeãug

.ksuq iun, wyr ieu úg

2' fldia fo,a w, n;,

iy,a" l=ryka .;a l,

Tn .f;a iú n,

jefvkq we;¦ l< yelsh jev m,

3' ì;a;r ud¿ uia

fidahd oU," lsß fldia

mßmamq o tla /ia

lrhs Tn .; fkdjvjd fÞia

4' m<d fld< m,;=re

kejqï t<j¿ jeks ire

lEj fyd;a ksr;=re

,efnhs úgñka - frda. lr ÿre

5' f;,a iy fïoh;a

muK ±k f.k .; fyd;a

WKqiqu;a iúh;a

/flkq we; Tfn jefvk isrefr;a

6' fmdaIKh imsreK

ri wyr f.k Èk Èk

c,h o ksis muK

îu jeo.;a fõ h ieu osk

l%shdldrlu 2'3

1' úúO uQ,dY% weiqfrka f;dr;=re ,nd f.k kj;djlska hq;a wdydr

jÜfgdare we;=<;a w;a fmd;la ilia lrkak'

2' tu wdydr jÜfgdare hy¿jka iu. yqjudre lrf.k yels muK

w;ayÞ ne,Sfuka Tfí l=i,;d j¾Okh lr .kak'

@


fuu lú mka;sh fyd¢ka ri ú`Èkak' tys i|yka lreKq o" Tn tÈfkÞ

Ôú;fha § ,nd .;a w;a±lSï o" m%fhdackhg .ksñka my; i|yka l%shdldrlfuys

fhfokak'

l%shdldrlu 2'4

1' my; i|yka j.=j mqrjkak' fï i|yd Tnf.a wNHdi fmd; Ndú; lrkak'

@

wdydrj, wvx.= m%OdkfmdaIH mÞ¾:

wvx.= wdydr

i;a;aj YdlfmdaIH mÞ¾:hka uÕska

bgqjk ld¾hhka

vfm%daàka uia fidahd YÍr j¾Okh" f.ù

ud¿ oU, .sh mgl w¨;a jeähdj

v'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

v'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

m%Odk wdydr fõ,a ie,iqï lsÍfï § fmdaIKuh jYfhka i,ld ne,sh

hq;= jeo.;a lreKq ;=kla we;'

v isrerg wjYH fmdaIH mÞ¾: iy tAjdfha jeo.;alu

v tu fmdaIH mÞ¾: wvx.=jk wdydr

v wdydr ldKav yd wdydr msróvh

by;ska i|yka jQ lú mka;sh wOHhkfhka o" 2'4 l%shdldrlu ;=<ska o"

wdydrfha wvx.= fmdaIH mÞ¾: iy tAjdfha ld¾hhka ms<sn| uQ,sl ±kqu Tn

,nkakg we;ehs is;uq'

wdydr ldKav

wm mßfNdackh lrkq ,nk wdydr"

v wdydr j¾.h

v wka;¾.; fmdaIH mÞ¾:

.ek ie,ls,a,g .ksñka ldKav lr we;'


wdydr j¾.

v OdkH yd w, j¾.

v t<j¿ yd m,;=re

v lsß yd lsß ksIamdÈ;

v i;a;aj wdydr yd udI fnda.

v f;,a iy iSks

v OdkH yd w, j¾.

Yla;sh ksmoùug wjYH ldfndayhsfâ%Ü m%Odk jYfhka wvx.= fõ'

óg wu;r j úgñka î ldKavfha ;hñka" le,aishï iy hlv jeks Lksc o

wka;¾.; fõ'

v t<j¿ yd m,;=re

YÍrh frda.j,ska wdrlaId lsÍug wjYH úgñka iy Lksc j¾. ,nd fok

m%Odk uQ,dY%hka fõ' thg wu;r j ;ka;= o wvx.= fõ'

v i;a;aj wdydr yd udI fnda.

YÍr j¾Okhg wjYH Wiia fm%daàka ,nd fok uQ,dY%hka h' uia" ud¿"

ì;a;r" oU," fidahd fndaxÑ" mßmamq" uqx weg" lv, hkdÈfhka fm%daàka nyq, j

,nd .; yels h'

v lsß yd lsß ksIamdÈ;

YÍr j¾Okhg wjYH fm%daàka o YÍrh frda.j,ska wdrlaId lsÍug

wjYH úgñka tA" î ldKavfha iuyr úgñka o" ã úgñka o" le,aishï jeks

Lksc j¾. o wvx.= fõ'

v f;,a yd iSks

fmd,af;,a" t<j¿ f;,a" ud.ßka" ng¾" t<.sf;,a hkdÈh u.ska YÍr Yla;sh

,nd §ug fuka u YÍr WIaK;ajh wdrlaId lsÍug o WmldÍ fõ' iSks iy me‚

ri wvx.= wdydr u.ska o YÍrhg wjYH Yla;sh ,nd .; yels h'


wdydr msróvh ;=< ffoksl j .; hq;= wdydr j¾. wkqmd;hka ±lafõ'

wju jYfhka ,nd .; hq;= wdydr

uOHia: jYfhka ,nd .; hq;= wdydr

jeämqr ,nd .; hq;= wdydr

wdydr msróvh

1

3

4

5

6

2'1 rEmh - - wdydr ldKav ±lafjk msróvh

2


l%shdldrlu 2'5

wdydr msróvh fyd¢ka wOHhkh lr my; i|yka m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re

imhkak ^ fï i|yd Tnf.a wNHdi fmd; Ndú; lrkak&'

1' wdydr msróvfha wxlj,ska ±lafjk wdydr ldKav fudkjd ±hs i|yka

lrkak'

2' Tnf.a Èjd wdydrh i|yd iqÿiq wdydr fõ,la ie,iqï lrkak'

3' tu wdydr fõf,ys jeä m%udKhla wvx.= l< hq;af;a l=uk ldKavhg

wh;a wdydr j¾. o" thg fya;= fudkjd o@

4' Tfí wdydr fõf,ys wvqfjka u we;=<;a l< hq;af;a l=uk wdydr j¾. o@

thg fya;= folla olajkak'

5' iSks wvx.= wdydr nyq, j .ekSu ydkslr úh yels frda.hla kï

lrkak'

6' OdkHj,g wu;r j YÍrhg jeämqr Yla;sh ,nd Èh yels wdydr j¾.

;=kla i|yka lrkak'

7' fm%daàka nyq, j ,nd Èh yels Ydluh wdydrhla i|yka lrkak'

8' lsß Ndú; lr ilikq ,nk wdydr j¾. ;=kla kï lrkak'

fhda.H wdydr u.ska ffoksl wjYH;d imqrd .ksuq

wfma isrer ;=< úúO Ôj l%shdldrlï

isÿ fõ' tA i|yd wjYH jk fmdaIl øjH imqrd

.ekSug fhda.H wdydr Èkm;d isrerg ,nd Èh

hq;= h'

@


wdrlaIl wdydr

m,;=re" t<j¿" ;o fld<

meye;s m<d j¾. " l=vd

ud¿

Yla;s ckl

wdydr

OdkH yd OdkH

ksIamdÈ;" w, j¾."

fldia" fo,a" f;,a

iy fïo iSks iy

me‚ ri wdydr

wm .kakd iEu wdydr fõ,l u ish¨ u fmdaIH mÞ¾: wjYH m%udKhkaf.ka

we;=<;a ùu wjYH fõ' wdydr ldKav ±lafjk msróvh wOHhkh lsÍfuka Tng

wdydr fõ,l jeämqr wvx.= l< hq;= wdydr" uOHia: jYfhka wvx.= l< hq;=

wdydr iy wju jYfhka wvx.= l< hq;= wdydr ms<sn| wjfndaOhla ,efnkakg

we;ehs is;uq'tA wkqj ksfrda.S Èúhla i|yd fmdaIK .=Kfhka hq;a wdydr w;HjYH nj Tngjegfykjd we;'

wxl 1

;eïnQ iy,a n;a

lrj, neÿu

mßmamq jHdxckh

t<j¿ i,do

nKavlald

jHdxckh

w;=remi

uqojmq lsß iy

me‚

fmdaIK .=Kfhka hq;a wdydr

YÍr j¾Okh

YÍr Yla;sh

YÍr wdrlaIdj

j¾Ol wdydr

uia iy uia ksIamdÈ;" ud¿

iy ud¿ ksIamdÈ;" lsß iy

lsß ksIamdos;" ì;a;r"

fidahd" oU," mßmamq" uE"

lv," lõms


wxl 2

b¢ wdmam

ì;a;r jHxckhfmd,a iïfnda,

w;=remi

m,;=re i,doh

wdmam

iSks iïn,

ud¿ weUq,a;sh,alsß f;a

weUq,a flfi,a

wxl 3

l%shdldrlu 2'6

wxl 1"2 yd 3 hk rEm igykaj,ska m%Odk wdydr fõ,a ;=kla olajd we;' th

fyd¢ka wOHhkh lr § we;s m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re imhkak'

1' wxlj,ska olajd we;s m%Odk wdydr fõ,a ;=k kï lrkak'

2' tu wdydr fõ,aj, we;s tla tla wdydrfhys wka;¾.; m%Odk

fmdaIH mÞ¾: i|yka lrkak'

WÞ(- l=l=¿ uia - ♦ fm%daàka

♦ fïo

3' m%Odk wdydr fõ,a ;=kg wu;r j .; yels fjk;a wdydr fõ,a

i|yka lrkak'

4' Tn i|yka l< tu wdydr fõ,lg fhda.H wdydr j¾. kï lrkak'

@


fuu lreKq wOHhkh lsÍfuka"

v Èklg wdydr fõ,a lsysmhla .; yels nj

v wdydr fõ,a ;=kla ñka m%Odk jk nj

v yels;dla ÿrg ish¨ fmdaIH mÞ¾: we;=<;a jk fia wdydr fõ,a ie,iqï

l< hq;= nj

ms<sn| Tn ±kqj;a jkakg we;ehs is;uq'

wdydr u.ska we;s jk frda. y÷kd .ksuq

iuyr wjia:dj,§ ksis mßÈ ms<sfh, l< wdydr wkqNj fkdlsÍu fyda

isrerg fkd.e,fmk wdydr wkqNj lsÍu ksid" úúO frda. we;s úh yels h'

wdydr úI ùu

wid;añl;dj

wÔ¾Kh

mdpkh

mKq frda.

Tfí ±kqug"

tla wdydr fõ,lska wjYH fmdaIH mÞ¾: ish,a, u ,nd

.; fkdyels jQfha kï tu wvqj oji ;=< .kakd wfkla wdydr

fõ,a ;=<ska imqrd .; hq;= h'

wdydr

u.ska

we;sjk

frda.


by; i|yka frda.j,g wÞ< frda. ,laIK iy tajd we;sùug fya;= y÷kd .ksuq'

frda.h frda. ,laIK we;s ùug fya;=

v Èhr iajNdjhg

fkdlvjd u, msgùu

v YÍrh iS;, ùu

v Worfha fõokdj

v YÍrh wm%d‚l ùu

v úc,kh

v WK

v jukh

v wmsßisÿ wdydr wkqNjh

v wmú;% n÷ka Ndú; lsÍu

v wmsßisÿ c,h mdkh lsÍu

v wdydr msiSfï §

fi!LHdrlaIs; ms<sfj;a

wkq.ukh fkdlsÍu

v msiQ wdydr ksrdjrK j

;eîu ̂ hkdÈ lreKq

ksid mdpk frda. ldrl

Ô¾K moaO;shg we;=¿ùu&

wdydr úI ùu v Worfha fõokdj

v wêl jukh

v mdpkh

v lrleú,a,

v yqiau .ekSfï wmyiqj

v WK

v Tlaldrh

v uia msvq fõokdj

v úc,kh

v ysiroh

v uia" ud¿ jeks wdydrfyd¢ka fkdmsi wdydrhg.ekSu

v l,a bl=;a jQ wdydrwkqNjh

v m%ñ;sfhka f;dr wdydrwkqNjh

v wmsßisÿ wdydr wkqNjhv wkqNj l< wdydrj, úúO

úI øjH wvx.= j ;sîuv fkd±kqj;alñka úI ìï

u,a j¾." úI ud¿ j¾.wkqNjh

mdpkh

v iage*sf,da fldlia Tßhiaiy laf,diaà%ähïfndgHq,skï kue;snelaàßhd u.ska i%djhlrk OQ,l ^úI øjH&wdydr ;=< ;sîu

v ksÈu;.;sh

^úI jk foa wkqj

frda. ,laIK

fjkia fõ&

wid;añl;dj v mdpkh

v we;eï úg WK iE§u

v bÈóu

v ifï m¨ yg .ekSu

v iu r;= meye ùu

v iu leiSu

v wdydrj, we;s úúO øjH

YÍrfha we;s fm%daàkhlg

^ysiageóka& fkd.e<mSu

ksid tu wdydr isrer

u.ska m%;slafIam lsÍfï

,laIK


v YÍrfha ±ú,a,

v yqiau .ekSfï

wmyiq;dj

v we;eï úg jukh

fi!LH wdrlaIs; mqreÿ wkq.ukh lrñka wdydr ms<sfh, lsÍu

wf;a weÕs,s" w,a," msá w,a," weÕs,s lre iy ksh

inka oud fyd¢ka fidaÞ .ekSu'

v we;eï wdydr j¾. iuyr

mqoa.,hkag Èrùfï

wmyiqj

v wdydrfha wêl l=¿ nvq"

wï, iy fïo ;sîu

wÔ¾Kh v Wor fõokdj

v nv msmSu

v jukh

v wdydr wreÑh

v Tlaldrh

v YÍrh wm%d‚l ùu

v Èhr f,i u< msgùu

v kSrla;sh

^mqoa.,hka wkqj

wdydr flfrys wid;añl;d

fjkia fõ&

v nv msmSu yd fõokdj"

Tlaldrh" jukh

v mKqjka iys; fyda

rys; u, msgùu

v u, iu. f,a msgùu

v YÍrh iqÿue,s ùu

v fyd¢ka msiSug ,la

fkdl, uia iy ud¿

j¾. wkqNjh

v wmsßisÿ wdydr wkqNjh

v wmsßisÿ c,h mdkh lsÍu

v wdydr msiSfï § yd

mßfNdackfha § fi!LH

wdrlaIs; mqreÿ wkq.ukh

fkdlsÍu

v jeisls<s hk úg yd

t<suyfka weúÈk úg

mdjyka fkdme<£u

v jeisls<s hdfuka miq w;a

inka .d fkdfia§u

mKq frda.


ms<sfh, lsÍu yd msiSu i|yd Ndú;

lrk n÷ka fyd¢ka mú;% j ;nd .ekSu'

wdydr iu. .eàfï § ridhksl m%;sl%shd

isÿ fkdjk WmlrK yd fuj,ï Ndú;

lsÍu'

wdydr ms<sfh, lrkakd hym;a fi!LH

;;a;ajhlska hq;a whl= ùu'

wdydr msiSfï § thg WÑ; msßisÿ ldjdvula iy

ysia jeiaula me<§u'

wdydr ms<sfh, lsÍfï § msßisÿ c,h Ndú;

lsÍu'


wdf,dalh" jd;dY%h fyd¢ka

,efnk ia:dkhl wdydr

ms<sfh, lsÍu' tu ia:dkh

lDókaf.ka" ¥ú,s wdÈfhka

f;dr j mj;ajd f.k hdu'

i;=kaf.ka ydks fkdjQ" isÿre

fkdjQ" m¿ÿ fkdjQ yd krla

fkdjQ wdydr f;dard .ekSu'

tfukau wdydrj, wdfõksl

iajdNdjh g ydks fkdjQ wdydr

f;dard .ekSu'

wdydr ms<sfh, lrk ia:dkj,

fnfy;a øjH" lDñ kdYl

iy N+ñf;,a hkdÈh .nvd lsÍfuka

je<lSu'


úúO wdydr wdYs%; ksIamdokj,g foaYSh fuka u úfoaYSh fjf<|fmd< ;=< ;a

by< b,aüla mj;S' .fï fjf<|fmdf<a isg iqmsß fjf<|i,a olajd úúO

uÜgfï m%ñ;Skaf.ka hqla; wdydr ksIamdÈ; ±lsh yels h' wdydr ilia lsÍfï

úúO l%u jeä ÈhqKq ùfï m%;sM,hla f,i úúO wdydr ieliSu iq¿ jHdmdr

f,iska .%dóh uÜgñka ÈhqKq ù we;'

iq¿ jHdmdrhla jYfhka wdydr ieliSfï § úúO l%u fhdod .ekSfuka

id¾:l m%;sM, ,nd .; yels h' Tn wg jk fYa%‚fha § wdydr fCIa;%hg wÞ< j

wdydr ieliSfï úúO l%u ms<sn| w;a±lSï ,nd we;'

m%foaYfha nyq, j we;s wdydr

kj jk fY%a‚fha m%dfhda.sl yd ;dlaI‚l l=i,;d úIh W.kajk pdkaokS

.=re;=ñh tÈk mka;s ldurhg meñ‚fha Y%S ,xldfõ is;shula o w;e;s j h' weh

mdvu wdrïNhg m%:u mka;s ldurh bÈßfha is;shu m%o¾Ykh lf<a isiq orejkaf.a

l=;=y,h o okjñks' my; ±lafjkafka tu is;shfï wdlD;shls'

wdydr ieliSfuka iq¿ jHdmdrhla weröu3

wdydr ieliSfï úúO l%u ie,iqï lrhs'3'1

3'1 rEmh - - YS% ,xldfõ m<d;a j¾.SlrKh

W;=re m<d;

W;=re ueo

m<d;

jhU m<d;

uOHu m<d;

kef.kysr

m<d;

niakdysr m<d;

inr.uq m<d;

W!j m<d;

ol=Kq m<d;


is;shu m%o¾Ykh lrñka .=re;=ñh isiqkg bÈßm;a lf<a YS% ,xldfõ tla

tla m<d;a ;=< nyq, j olakg we;s wdydr j¾. ms<sn| lreKq h'

nyq, j we;s wdydr j¾.m<d;

W;=re m<d; ;,a" wU" ud¿" r;= Ækq" ñßia" flfi,a" fk,a,s"

ñÈ" iy,a" ishU,d

W;=re ueo m<d; iy,a" ñßia" lcq" udIfnda." Èjq,a"

my;rg t<j¿" nvbßÕ=

jhU m<d; fmd,a" lcq" iy,a" my; rg t<j¿" biaika" ud¿

udIfnda." foys" wU

uOHu m<d; Wvrg t<j¿" w¾;dm,a" w,s.eg fmar" mSpia"

fmhd¾ia" iafg%dafnß" f;a" idÈlald" lrdnq keá"

lr|uqx.=" jeks,d" ¥ßhka" flfi,a" ls;=,a" lsß

kef.kysr m<d; ud¿" biaika" ll=¿jka" iy,a" nvbßÕ=

niakdysr m<d; fmd,a" fldia" fo,a" iy,a" uex.=ia" iem;s,a,d"

wkakdis" rUqgka" lcq" ¥ßhka" flfi,a" .ïñßia"

ishU,d" fldams" ud¿" ì;a;r

W!j m<d; Wvrg t<j¿" f;a" iy,a" flfi,a" mefmd,a"

w,s.eg fmar" fÞvï" rg lcq

inr.uq m<d; ls;=,a" ¥ßhka" fldams" tkid,a" lrdnq keá" f;a

ol=Kq m<d; ud¿" ó lsß" ishU,d" l=re÷" Èjq,a"

flduvq" flfi,a" iy,a iy fjk;a úúO

OdkH j¾." my; rg t<j¿

by; lreKq wOHhkh l< Tng YS% ,xldfõ tla tla m<d;aj,

nyq, j we;s wdydr j¾. ms<sn| lsishï wjfndaOhla ,efnkakg we;ehs is;uq'


by; i|yka l%shdldrlu ;=<ska Tn Ôj;a jk m%foaYfha nyq, wdydr j¾.

ms<sn| ±kqj;a jkakg we;ehs is;uq'

m%foaYfha ±lsh yels wdydr mokï lr .;a l¾udka; iy jHdmdr

m%foaYfha ±lsh yels wdydr mokï lr .;a l¾udka; yd jHdmdr ms<sn|

wOHhkh lsÍug m%:u l¾udka;hla iy jHdmdrhla hkq l=ula ±hs y÷kd .ksuq'

l¾udka;

lsishï jHdmdr fCIa;%hl fhojqï" ksuejqï njg m;a lsÍfï l%shdj,sh

l¾udka;hla f,i ye¢kaúh yels h' my; i|yka jkafka tjeks l¾udka;

lsysmhlg WÞyrK h'

v ëjr l¾udka;h

v m<;=re áka lsÍfï l¾udka;h

v fhda.Ü l¾udka;h

jHdmdr

ñksia wjYH;d yd jqjukd bgq lrk ́ kE u l%shdj,shla jHdmdrhla hkqfjka

ye¢kafõ' my; i|yka jkafka" tjeks jHdmdr lsysmhlg WÞyrK h'

v NdKav ksIamdokh lsÍu

v m%jdyk fiajd iemhSu

v rlaIK fiajd iemhSu

v is,a,r fjf<`Þu

l%shdldrlu 3'1

1' Tn Ôj;a jk m%foaYfha nyq, j we;s wdydr j¾. ms<sn| úuis,su;a

fjñka fuys i|yka j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak ^fï i|yd Tnf.a wNHdi

fmd; Ndú; lrkak&'

@

udIfnda.m<d; m%foaYh

nyq, j we;s wdydr j¾.

i;a;aj

wdydr

Ydl wdydr

t<j¿ m,;=re OdkH

WÞ-( uOHu kqjrt<sh lsß îÜ"

lerÜ"

,Slaia

fmhd¾ia"

mSpia"

iy,a

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wdydr ieliSfï l%shdj,sh

jHdmdrhla fyda l¾udka;hla f,i wdydr ieliSfï § tA tA wdydr wkqj

úúO l%u Wmfhda.S lr .kq ,nhs' tfy;a iEu wdydr ieliSfï l%uhl § u

wkq.ukh lrk fmdÿ l%shdj,shla we;' tu fmdÿ l%shdj,sh y÷kd .ksuq'

l%shdldrlu 3'2

1' Tn Ôj;a jk m%foaYfha wdydr mokï lrf.k mj;ajd f.k hkq ,nk

l¾udka; yd jHdmdr ms<sn| o;a; /ia lr .kak' tu /ia lr .;a o;a;

wdY%fhka my; i|yka j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak ^fï i|yd Tnf.a wNHdi

fmd; Ndú; lrkak&'

2' Tn m%foaYfha ieliQ wdydr i|yd we;s b,aü ms<sn| f;dr;=re ,nd

.ekSug iqÿiq m%Yakdj,shla bÈßm;a lrñka fCIa;% wOHhkhl fhfokak

^fï i|yd .=re;=ud$;=óf.a iydh ,nd .kak&'

ikSmdrlaIl mqreÿ wkq.ukh lsÍu

kejqï wuqøjH f;dard .ekSu

wkjYH øjH bj;a lsÍu

fia§u

wjYH;dj mßÈ ilia lsÍu ^len,s$ fm;s$ hqI$ l=vq&

msiSfï l%shdj,sh

weisÍu

f,an,a lsÍu

ê

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@

ilikq ,nk wdydrl¾udka;h fyda

jHdmdrh y÷kajd we;s

kduh

wuqøjH jYfhka

fhdÞf.k we;s øjH

iðks ksIamdolfhda wU cEï

pÜks

fldaäh,a

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''


ê

ó lsß Èhrh w¨;a iïmQ¾K fhdoh iys; lsß

idiamdklg fmrd .ekSu msßisÿ n÷klg û, fkdnef|k

jdfka& msßisÿ ÿyq,a frÈ lvla ;=<ska

fmrd .ekSu

r;a lsÍu hka;ï fmK k.sk WIaK;ajhg

fkdkj;ajd ye¢ .Eu leá .eiSu je,elaùug ,S yekaola

Ndú;h

,sfmka nd u|laa ksfjkakg ;eîu WIaK;ajh wvq ùug

uqyqka tl;= lsÍu uqojk ,o lsß yÜáhl ueo

fldgiska ,nd.;a uqyqka

fyd¢ka ñY% lsÍu uqyqka lsßj,g fyd¢ka ñY%ùug

ueá n÷ka$ùÿre fnda;,aj,g n÷ka fyd¢ka ÔjdKqyrKh lsÍu

wjYH muKg ±óu

fyd¢ka jeiSu msßisÿ fmd,s;ska Ndú;fhka

meh 12la ;eîu lsß ñoùug wdrlaIs; ia:dkhl

fkdfid,ajd ;eîu

ê ê

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wdydr ieliSfï l%shdj,sh iïnkaOfhka mq¿,a wjfndaOhla ,nd .ekSug

my; i|yka jk uqojdmq lsß ksIamdok l%shdj,sh wOHhkh lrkak'

uqojmq lsß ksIamdokh

fokqkaf.ka fodjd .kq ,nk lsß" WKq lr" ksjd" thg uqyqka fhdÞ" msßiqÿ

^ÔjdKqyrKh lrk ,o& ueá n÷kaj, fyda ùÿre fnda;,aj, fyda wiqrd" fmd,s;Ska

wdjrKhla fhdÞ" ñfok ;=re wdrlaIs; ia:dkhl ;eîfuka uqojdmq lsß ilid

.; yels h'

wjYH øjH

w¨;a fkduqyqka ó lsß ,Sg¾ 4 1$2

w¨;a uqyqka ñ,s ,Sg¾ 225

ó lsß


m%dfhda.sl yd ;dlaI‚l l=i,;d úIhh hgf;a úúO wdydr ilia lsÍfï

yelshdj m%.=K lr .;a fikqß m%Œ; rihlska hqla; m,;=re îu ksIamdokh

lsÍug wfmalaId lrhs' —fikqß m%Œ; m,;=re îu˜ kñka ksIamdok fjf<|fmd<g

bÈßm;a lsÍug weh ;=< woyila my< ù we;' ;u m%foaYfha fjf<|fmd< ;=<

m,;=re îu i|yd m%n, ;r.ldß;ajhla ;snqK o" kj l%u Wmfhda.S lr .ksñka

m%Œ; rihlska hq;a m,;=re îu ksIamdokh lsÍu wehf.a b,lalh fõ' fuu

ksIamdok ls%hdj,sh 1980 wdydr mk;g wkql+, úh hq;= nj o weh wjOdrKh

l<d h' fuys § jHdmdßlfhla f,i ;u ksIamdÈ;hla fjf<|fmd<g bÈßm;a

lsÍug m%:u jHdmdr ie,iqula ilia lr .ekSu wjYH h'

jHdmdr ie,eiaula iE§ug m%:u iEu jHdmdßlhl= u miq l< hq;= mshjr y;rla

we;'

1' fjf<|fmd< wjia:d .fõIKh

jHdmdrh i|yd ie,eiau ilia lsÍug m%:u fjf<|fmd< .fõIKfhka

wfkl=;a ;r.ldÍ ksIamdokhka ms<sn| f;dr;=re tla /ia lr .; hq;= fõ'

Tfí ±kqug"

Ø lsß ,sm ;nd jeä fõ,djla r;alsÍfuka lsß leá .eiS th iajdNdjfhkayd yevfhka úm¾hdihlg Ndckh fõ ^úiajNdùlrKh&' tfuka ulsßj, we;s iSks leru,SlrKh ù lr rila we;s fõ'

Ø lsßj, we;s fïoh leá .efik ksid ^fhdoh iE§u& th j<lajd.ekSug fkdlvjd ye¢ .d .; hq;= h'

Ø ó lsß fidhd .ekSug wmyiq m%foaYj, t<lsß Ndú; lr uqojmq lsßidÞ .; yels h'

Ø uqyqka fïi ye¢ 1} ñ,s ,Sg¾ 10 - 12 m%udKhlg fuu wkqmd;hg uek .ekSfuka ksjerÈ j uqyqka fhdÞ .; yels h'

Ø fuu uqyqkaj, wvx.= lsß ñoùug ls%hd lrk nelaàßhd úfYaI 02 ls'

1' iafg%mafgd fldlia ;¾fud*s,ia

2' ,elafgd neis,ia

fi!LH wdrlaIs; mqreÿ wkq.ukh lrñka fmdaIHÞhS f,i wdydr

ieliSug Tng yelshdjla we;s kï"

tu wdydr i|yd fjf<|fmd< ;=< fyd| mdßfNda.sl keUqrejla

we;s lr .; yels jk w;r" m%cd fi!LHh o wdrlaId lr .; yels h'

ieliq wdydr fjf<|fmd<g bÈßm;a lsÍu 3'2


2' iqÿiq jHdmdßl wjia:djla u;= lr .ekSu i|yd úl,am úi÷ï ud¾. ms<sn|

f;dr;=re fiùu

WÞ(- w tla tla m,;=re j¾. fjk fjk u Ndú; lr îu ksIamdokh

lrkafka o@

w m,;=re lsysmhla tla lr ñY% m,;=re îu ksIamdokh lrkafka o@

w îu fjf<|fmd<g ±ófï § th l=uk l%uhg weiqreï lrkafka o@

hkd§ úúO f;dr;=re /ia lr .; hq;= h'

3' ish¨ u úi÷ï ud¾. ms<sn| j f;dr;=re fidhd tAjdfha jdis wjdis ;=,kd;aul j

i,ld ne,Su'

4' jHdmdr woyia u;= lr .ekSu'

by; lreKq ms<sn|j wjfndaOhla ,nd .ksñka ;ud wdrïN lsÍug woyia

lrk jHdmdrh l=ula o@ hkak ksjerÈ j ;SrKh lsÍu'

jHdmdßl ie,iqï yd fhdackd

jHdmdrhg u. fmkajk ud¾. is;shula f,i jHdmdr ie,eiau ye¢kaùug

mq¿jk' jHdmdrh i|yd fhdÞ .kq ,nk iïm;a ksis f,i yiqrejd .ekSug

jHdmdr ie,eiau WmldÍ fõ'

hï ksuejqula fjf<|fmd<g bÈßm;a lsÍug m%:u tA ms<sn| lsishï o<

ie,eiaula f.dvk.d .; hq;= nj fikqßg w;a±lSï we;'

tA wkqj fikqß ilik m%Œ; m,;=re îu fjf<|fmd<g bÈßm;a lsÍug

m%:u tA ms<sn| ksjerÈ ie,eiaula ilia lr .; fyd;a wehg th id¾:l j

l%shd;aul lr .ekSug yelshdjla ,efnkq we;'

kj jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍug wjYH Kh uqo,a ,nd .ekSu i|yd nexl=j

fj; hdfï § jHdmdr ie,eiau wksjd¾hfhka u /f.k hd hq;= h'

fikqß úiska ilik ,o jHdmdr ie,eiafuys my; iòyka lreKq wka;¾.;

lr we;'

v meyeÈ,s bu

v .kqfokqlrejka y÷kd .ekSu

v b,lal

v jHdmdr Èß .ekaùu

v fjf<| kduh

v weiqreïlrKh

v f,an,a lsÍu


v ikaku fyda fjf<| ,l=K

v ñ, lsÍu

v fnÞyeÍu

v m%j¾Okh

fikqßf.a jHdmdr ie,eiafuys wka;¾.; tla tla lreKq fjka jYfhka

y÷kd .ksuq'

meyeÈ,s bu

;ud i;= iajYla;Ska fudkjd o@ ;u jHdmdrh wdrïN lrkafka l=uk

wdldrhg o@ ;ks j o@ tfia ke;akï yjq,a j o@ jHdmdrh jeä ÈhqKq lr .kafka

flfia o@

+ .kqfokqlrejka y÷kd .ekSu

b,lal lrk .kqfokqlrejka ljq o@ .kqfokqlrejkaf.a jqjukd yd wjYH;d

fudkjd o@ uq,a wjia:dfõ § f;dard.;a fjf<|fmd< fldgilg ;u ksIamdok

bÈßm;a lrkafka o@

b,lal

fï jk úg fikqß iqÿiq .kqfokqlrejka y÷kdf.k we;' ;u b,lalh

lrd <Õd fjkafka flfia o@ uq,a wjia:dfõ fikqßf.a ksIamdÈ; ish,a, u

fjf<|fmdf<a wf,ú jqj fyd;a tys id¾:l;ajhla we;ehs is;sh yels h' tA wkqj

fikqßg ;u b,lal lrd <Õd ùug yelshdjla mj;S' fikqßg ;u wdÞhu uek

.ekSug ñka mq¿jk' wehg mek k.sk W.%;u .eg¨j ;r.hg uqyqK§u h' th

y÷kdf.k id¾:l j uqyqK fokafka ljr wdldrfhka o@ hkak weh ;SrKh l<

hq;= h'

jHdmdr Èß .ekaùu

jHdmdrh wdrïN lr th mj;ajd f.k hdfï § jHdmdßlhka fm<Uùu

i|yd fokq ,nk Wmldrl Èß .ekaùu f,i ye¢kafõ' fuu Èß .ekaùï uQ,H yd

uQ,H fkdjk jYfhka fldgia follg j¾. l< yels h'

uQ,H Wmldr - - —fikqß m%KS; m,;=re îu˜ jHdmdrh wdrïN lsÍug fuka

u tu jHdmdr mj;ajd f.k hdug o" fikqßg uqo,a wjYH fõ' fuu m,;=re îu

ksIamdokh lrk jHdmdrfha jHjidhlhd fikqß h' fuys § weh jd‚c nexl="

iKi nexl= jeks uQ,H wdh;k u.ska ;u jHdmdrhg wjYH uqo,a ,nd .ekSug

wfmalaId lrhs' l=vd" uOHu iy úYd, hk mßudKj, jHdmdr Èß .ekaùu i|yd

úfYaI uQ,H wdOdr l%u mj;S' iykÞhS l%uhg fuu uQ,H wdh;k u.ska uqo,a

imhhs'


uQ,H fkdjk Wmldr - fikqßg fuu m,;=re îu ksIamdokh ms<sn| ukd

±kqula we;' tfy;a jHdmdrh mq¿,a fjf<|fmd<lg hdfï § ;j;j;a úúO

;dlaI‚l l%u Wmfhda.S lr .ekSug isÿ jkq we;' ;dlaI‚l WmfoaYk" jHdmdrh

,shdmÈxÑ lsÍu" kS;s Wmfoia ,nd .ekSu iy wf,ú m%j¾Ok l%u hkdÈh fuys §

b;d jeo.;a h' fï i|yd "

v ld¾ñl ixj¾Ok uKav,h

v ld¾ñl ;dlaI‚l wdh;kh

v ;reK lghq;= wud;HdxYfha l=vd jHdmdr ixj¾Ok wxYh

v cd;sl wdOqksl;aj yd jD;a;Sh mqyqKq wêldßh

hk wdh;kj, isák jHdmdr ie,iqïlrKh ms<sn| m%ùK mqoa.,hkaf.ka

wjYH Wmfoia ,nd.; yels h'

fjf<| kduh

.kqfokqlrejka wdl¾IKhjk mßÈ ksIamdÈ;hg iqÿiq fjf<| kduhla

fhdÞ .ekSu o" jeo.;a lreKls' tu kduh fjf<|fmdf<a we;s fjk;a ksIamdÈ;hl

kduhla fkdúh hq;= h' fikqßf.a jHdmdrfha fjf<| kduh—fikqß m%Œ; m,;=re

îu˜ hkak h'

weiqreïlrKh

m,;=re îu ksIamdok fjf<|fmd<g bÈßm;a lsÍug fmr .kqfokqlrejka

wdl¾IKhjk mßÈ ;a" ksIamdÈ;fha wdrlaIdjg iy l,a meje;aug ;a" wju

msßjehlska iqÿiq weiqreï l%u Ndú; l< hq;= h'

weiqreïlrKh hkq" hul nyd,Sula f,i fyda ±jgqï lsÍula f,i ye¢kaúh yels h'

weiqreïlrKfha jdis lsysmhla y÷kd .ksuq'

v ksIamdÈ;h mßfNdackh lrk f;la wdrlaId lr .ekSu'

v is;a weo.kakdiq¨ njla we;s lsÍu

v jákdlu jeä lr fmkaùu

v ksIamdÈ;hlg m%j¾Okhla ,nd §u

v mßfNdackh jeä lsÍu

v .=Kd;aulNdjh jeä lsÍug

v th m%udKd;aul j fjka lr .ekSug

WÞ (- .%Eï 50" .%Eï 100" .%Eï 250 hkdÈ f,i

v lsishï ksIamdÈ;hla fjf<|fmdf<a § wfkl=;a ksIamdokj,ska fjka fldg

y÷kd .ekSug

v m%jdykh myiq ùug


f,an,a lsÍu

.kqfokqlrejkaf.a úYajdih Èkd .ekSu i|yd lsishï ksIamdÈ;hlg

f,an,hla fhdÞ .ekSu b;d jeo.;a h' NdKavh ms<sn| f;dr;=re mdßfNda.slhka

fj; ikaksfõokh lsÍug Ndú; lrk WmlrKh f,an,alrKh f,i y÷kajhs'

Tn wg jk fYa%‚fha § fï ms<sn| lsishï wjfndaOhla ,nd we;' ;j ÿrg;a my;

i|yka lreKq wOHhkh lrkak'

v NdKavh mßfNdackh lrk wdldrh

v mßfNdackh l< hq;=" fkdl< hq;= ld, iSudj ^ksIamdÈ; Èkh iy l,a

bl=;aùfï Èkh&

v ksIamdÈ;fha wka;¾.; øjH

v ksIamdÈ;fha wka;¾.; m%udKh

v ksIamdÈ;h .nvd l< hq;= wdldrh

v .=Kd;aulNdjh iy m%ñ;shg wkql+, nj (SLS/ISO jeks)

v m%jdykh l< hq;= wdldrh

ikaku fyda fjf<| ,l=K

ksIamdÈ;h i|yd iqÿiq weiqreula f;dard .;a miq thg ikakula fyda fjf<|

,l=Kla fhdÞ .kafka kï" ;u NdKavh ms<sn| mdßfNda.slhdf.a ms<s.ekSu yd

úYajdih jeälr .; yels h' ksIamdÈ;hla fndfyda úg b,a¨ï lrkafka tys

ikaku Ndú; lrñks' ikakfuys jeo.;a u ,laIKh úh hq;af;a WÉpdrKh l<

yels kduhla ;sîu h' tu.ska ksIamdÈ;hg wkkH;djla ,efí' hï NdKavhla

ye¢kaùu i|yd Ndú; lrk i,l=Kla fjf<| ,l=Kla f,i ye¢kaúh yels h'

fnÞyeÍu

NdKavhla fjf<|fmd<g bÈßm;a l< yels wdldr lsysmhla we;' fikqßg

wehf.a ksIamdok l%u lsysmhlg fjf<|fmd<g bÈßm;a l< yels h' tkï" ;u

ksIamdok Rcq j u mdßfNda.slhdg fnÞyeÍu' WÞ(- ;u jEka r:fhka mdi,a

wi,g" i;s fmd< wi,g f.dia Rcq j u ;u îu wf,úlr .; yels h' fikqßf.a

jHdmdr ÈhqKq jQ miq is,a,r iy f;d. fjf<÷ka u.ska" fjf<| ksfhdað;hka

u.ska ;u ksIamdok fjf<|fmd<g bÈßm;a l< yels h'


m%j¾Okh

fjf<|fmd<g bÈßm;a lrk NdKavh ;j ÿrg;a wf,úh j¾Okh lr

.ekSu i|yd úúO úl=Kqï Wml%u fh§u ñka woyia flf¾' tjeks Wml%u ms<sn|

Tn wg jk fYa%‚fha jHdmdr fCIa;%h hgf;a bf.kf.k we;'

fikqß ;u m%j¾Ok lghq;= i|yd uq,a wjia:dfõ úYd, uqo,la jeh

lsÍug wfmaCId fkdlrhs' f.hska f.g f.dia ;u îu j¾.h ms<sn| y÷kajd

§ug ;a" mdi,a iy i;s fmd<j,a wdikakfha úYd, m%udKfha nek¾ m%o¾Ykh

lsÍug ;a weh woyia lrhs'

jHdmdr woyila l%shd;aul lsÍfï § mQ¾j iQÞkula f,i jHdmdr ie,eiau

jeo.;a fõ' fikqß" ;u jHdmdr ie,eiau fuf,i ilia lr .ekSfuka wef.a

jHdmdr i|yd fhdÞ.kq ,nk iïm;a ksis f,i yiqrejd .ekSug ;a" jHdmdrfha

id¾:l;ajhla ,nd .ekSug ;a wehg yelshdj ,efnkq we;'

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