INDO_PAK RELATIONS…………kips INTODUCTION….. Relations between India and Pakistan have been strained by a number of historical and political issues, and are defined by the violent partition of British India in 1947, the Kashmir dispute and the numerous military conflicts fought between the two nations. Consequently, even though the two South Asian nations share historic, cultural, ethnic, geographic, and economic links, their relationship has been plagued by hostility and suspicion. SOME FACTS ABOUT INDO_PAK RELATIONS…. Indo-Pakistani War of 1947 , Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 , Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 Kargil War ,Siachen conflict Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir Bilateral trade… $ 4 billion Both are members of SAARC Geographical proximity Radcliff 1610 kms
Transcript
INDO_PAK RELATIONS…………kips INTODUCTION….. Relations between India and
Pakistan have been strained by a number of historical and political issues, and are defined by the violent partition of British India in 1947, the Kashmir dispute and the numerous military conflicts fought between the two nations. Consequently, even though the two South Asian nations share historic, cultural, ethnic, geographic, and economic links, their relationship has been plagued by hostility and suspicion.
SOME FACTS ABOUT INDO_PAK RELATIONS….
Indo-Pakistani War of 1947, Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 Kargil War,Siachen conflict Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir Bilateral trade… $ 4 billion Both are members of SAARC Geographical proximity Radcliff 1610 kms
MAJOR DISPUTES AND DIVERGENCE BETWEEN PAKISTAN AND INDIA
1…Kashmir conflict Kashmir was a Muslim-majority
princely state, ruled by a Hindu[10] king, Maharaja Hari Singh. At the time of the partition of India, Maharaja Hari Singh, the ruler of the state, preferred to remain independent and did not want to join either the Union of India or the Dominion of Pakistan.
STANCE OF PAKISTAN ON OCCUPIED KASHMIR….
It is a disputed territory, illegally occupied by India, a sheer violation of Indian independence act and international law.
STANCE OF INDIA… It is an integral part of India,
due to its geo-strategic importance..
RESOLUTIONS TO SOLVE KASHMIR DISPUTE..
UNITED NATIONS RESOLUTIONS
Granted right of self determination to occupied Kashmir in 1048, but ruthlessly violated by Indian leadership.
highest battleground on earth,where India and Pakistan have fought intermittently since April 13, 1984. Both countries maintain permanent military presence in the region at a height of over 6,000 metres (20,000 ft). More than 2000 people have died in this inhospitable terrain, mostly due to weather extremes and the natural hazards of mountain warfare.
The conflict in Siachen stems from the incompletely demarcated territory on the map beyond the map coordinate known as NJ9842. The 1972 Simla Agreement did not clearly mention who controlled the glacier, merely stating that from the NJ9842 location the boundary would proceed "thence north to the glaciers." UN officials presumed there would be no dispute between India and Pakistan over such a cold and barren region.
After Kashmir, the most serious conflict is the water dispute. The water dispute surfaced when the Indian Punjab cut off the flow of waters in April 1948. However, through the efforts of World Bank President Mr. Eugene Black the dispute was resolved and Indus Waters Treaty was signed in 1960. For smooth operation of the treaty a permanent India-Pakistan Indus Commission was established.
The Indus Waters Treaty is a water-sharing treaty between Pakistan and India, brokered by the World Bank.The treaty was signed in Karachi on September 19, 1960 by Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and President of Pakistan Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan).
three western rivers the Indus, the Jhelum and Chenab to exclusive use of Pakistan.
three eastern rivers - the Sutlej, the Beas and the Ravi to the exclusive use of INDIA
Treaty provisions 1…provides an on-going
mechanism for consultation and conflict resolution through inspection, exchange of data, and visits.
2..The Commission is required to meet regularly to discuss potential disputes as well as cooperative arrangements for the development of the basin. Either party must notify the other of plans to construct any engineering works which would affect the other party and to provide data about such works.
3. In cases of disagreement, a neutral expert is called in for mediation and arbitration.
Baira siul on Ravi River near Chamba Bhakra Dam on Sutlej river, near
Nangal Ranjeet Sagar dam on Beas River,
near Dhar Pathankot Maharana Pratap Sagar Pong Dam Reservoir on Beas River,
near Talwara. Pandoh Dam on Beas River, near
Mandi. Chamera Dam-I on Ravi River near
Chamba. Chamera Dam-II on Ravi River near
Chamba. Nathpa Dam on Sutlej River near
Rampur.
Jammu and KashmirSalal Hydroelectric Project
Dul Hasti Hydroelectric Project Uri-I Hydroelectric Project Baglihar Dam
Trust deficit
The absence of trust is the biggest problem between India and Pakistan and anything that addresses this “trust deficit” is helpful in the way forward. The leaders of the two countries should initiate a peace process in which they address each other's concerns including those on Jammu and Kashmir, terrorism, Siachen and Sir Creek water sharing. This is all the more important because the existing suspicions and distrust about each other have been further exacerbated by irresponsible and distorted stories, carried by sections of the media in both the countries.
Sir Creek…… is a 96 km (60 mi) strip of water that is disputed between India and Pakistan in the Rann of Kutch marshlands,although it is part of Pakistan. The creek, which opens up into the Arabian Sea, divides the Kutch region of the Indian state of Gujarat with the Sindh province of Pakistan.
The Great Rann of Kutch…..
is a seasonal salt marsh located in the Thar Desert in the Kutch District of Gujarat, India and theSindh province of Pakistan.
The agreement was mediated by Soviet premier Aleksey Kosygin, who had invited the parties to Tashkent. The parties agreed to withdraw all armed forces to positions held before Aug. 5, 1965; to restore diplomatic relations; and to discuss economic, refugee, and other questions. The agreement was criticized in India because it did not contain a no-war pact or any renunciation of guerrilla aggression in Kashmir.
3.. SIMLA AGREE MENT…… After the 1971 war, Pakistan and
India made slow progress towards the normalisation of relations. In July 1972, Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and Pakistani President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto met in the Indian hill station of Simla. They signed the Simla Agreement, by which India would return all Pakistani personnel (over 90,000) and captured territory in the west, and the two countries would "settle their differences by peaceful means through bilateral negotiations." Diplomatic and trade relations were also re-established in 1976.
Major Negotiations and other confidence building measures to pacify relations b/w india and pak………..
1…Liaquat-Nehru PactThe two Prime Ministers met in Delhi on April 2, 1950, and discussed the matter in detail. The meeting lasted for six long days. On April 8, the two leaders signed an agreement, which was later entitled as Liaquat-Nehru Pact. This pact provided a ‘bill of rights’ for the minorities of India and Pakistan. Its aim was to address the following three issues:
To alleviate the fears of the religious minorities on both sides.
To elevate communal peace. To create an atmosphere in
which the two countries could resolve their other differences.
3. AGRA SSUMMIT….. In 2001, a summit was called in Agra;
Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf turned up to meet Indian Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee. The talks fell through.On 20 June 2004, with a new government in place in India, both countries agreed to extend a nuclear testing ban and to set up a hotline between their foreign secretaries aimed at preventing misunderstandings that might lead to a nuclear war.
4. SERIES OF CONFIDENCE BUILDING MEASURES…
Both India and Pakistan have launched several mutual confidence-building measures (CBMs) to ease tensions between the two. These include more high-level talks, easing visarestrictions, and restarting of cricket matches between the two. The new bus service between Srinagar and Muzaffarabad has also helped bring the two sides closer. Pakistan and India have also decided to co-operate on economic fronts.
5 OTHER MAJOR TALKS In 2006, a "Friends Without Borders"
scheme began with the help of two British tourists. The idea was that Indian and Pakistani children would make pen pals and write friendly letters to each other. The idea was so successful in both countries that the organisation found it "impossible to keep up". The World's Largest Love Letter was recently sent from India to Pakistan.
Aman ki Asha Urdu: آشا ک��ی :translation ,ام��ن"Hope for Peace") is a campaign jointly started by the two leading media houses The Jang Group in Pakistan and The Times of India in India. The campaign aims for mutual peace and development of the diplomatic and cultural relations between the two nations in South Asia.
On 10 February 2011, India agreed to resume talks with Pakistan which were suspended after 26/11 Mumbai Attacks.[58]
India had put on hold all the diplomatic relations saying it will only continue if Pakistan will act against the accused of Mumbai attacks.
On 13 April 2012 following a thaw in relations whereby India gained MFN status in the country, India announced the removal of restrictions on FDI investment from Pakistan to India.
Dialogues and negotiations. Track II Diplomacy People to people contact cricket matches There is a need to embrace an
overarching strategic stability regime and to shun aggressive security doctrines to reduce the possibility of a nuclear conflict.
The problems of terrorism and Non-State Actors need to be addressed jointly through institutionalised mechanisms.
Water issues should be resolved through the mechanisms provided by the Indus Basin Treaty and should not be allowed to degenerate into a serious source of conflict.
Confidence-building measures should be pursued to alleviate the “trust deficit” but should not be used as a substitute for the resolution of disputes.
Economic co-operation and trade should be facilitated to develop mutuality of interest.
India and Pakistan need to understand each other’s legitimate interests in Afghanistan and pursue them without coming into conflict with each other.
CRITICAL ANALYSIS
Conclusion
Both Pakistan and India need to avoid short-sighted policies for points-scoring or securing short-term gains which resulted into bede-villing their relations in the past and diverting their attention from gigantic tasks of eradicating poverty and raising the standard of living of their peoples. The steady improvement between Pakistan and India requires some further changes in the way they deal with each other. India, being the biggest country in the South Asian region must lead the way by discarding hegemonic designs in the region. The extremists in Indian politics and media should also be admonished for their arrogant and aggressive statements because as long as India continues to nurture such elements, its relations with Pakistan will remain marked by mutual mistrust, and non-cooperation. So, it is in the best interest of the whole region that both nuclear powers take all possible steps to solve all the long-standing issues between them.
PREVIOUS QUESTIONS
Q.2. Evaluate the significance of water conflict between India and Pakistan in perspective of water management projects in Indian held Kashmir. 2014
Q7: Resolution of Kashmir issue between India and Pakistan can bring peace and prosperity in the region. Discuss. 2013
Q.1 Evaluate the ignificance of water conflict between India and Pakistan in global perspective of climate change. 2012
Q.3. The amicable solution of Siachen glacier and Sir Creek maritime boundary disputes might harbinger the settlement of the core issue of Kashmir between Pakistan and India. Discuss. 2008
