97

5'1 -flda,anDDla -¡ leurka m%;sixialrK 5'1 -flda,anDDla -¡ leurka m%;sixialrK 1833

1815 j¾Ifha § bx.%SiSka Wvrg rdcOdksh hg;a lr .ekSu;a iu. iuia;

Èjhsk u ì%;dkH hg;a úð;hla njg m;a úh' t;eka isg ì%;dkHhka furg md,k

lghq;= f.k hdfï § Wvrg yd my; rg m%foaY fjka fjkaj md,kh lsÍu;a"

ì%;dkHfhka meñKs ks,Odßkaf.a jegqma yd myiqlï fjkqfjka úYd, jeh nrla

±Íug isÿ ùu;a" wdÈh ksid 1828 j¾Ih muK jk úg rcfha wdodhug jvd jeh mlaIh

YS>%fhka by< .sfha h' fï ksid furg wdKavqfõ úhoï mshjd .ekSug ì%;dkH uõ

wdKavqfõ uqo,a fhoúh hq;= ;;ajhla Woa.;j ;snqKs' tfy;a hg;a úð;j, lghq;=

fjkqfjka uõ wdKavqfõ uqo,a jeh lsÍu fï jk úg ì%;dkH m%;sm;a;sh fkdù h'

tneúka ,xldjg meñK furg wdodhï yd úhoï ;;ajh fidhd n,d md,k l%ufha

ÿ¾j,;d wOHhkh fldg wjYH m%;sixialrK ks¾foaY lsÍu i`oyd hg;a úð; Ndr

f,alïjrhd úiska úfYaI fldñIka iNdjla m;a lrk ,È' ví' tï' Ô' flda,anDDla

uy;df.a kdhl;ajfhka hq;=j m;a flreKq tu fldñiu flda,anDDla fldñiu

f,i ye`Èkafõ' flda,anDDla uy;dg wd¾Ól yd md,k lghq;= fidhd ne,Sfï j.lSu

mejreKs' furg wêlrK lghq;= mÍlaId fldg wjYH ks¾foaY bÈßm;a lsÍu i`oyd

pd,aia fya leurka keue;a;d miqj m;a flßK'

flda,anDDla fldñifuys úu¾Ykhg ,la jQ lafIa;%

rcfha wdodhï ud¾. yd úhoï lghq;="- ví' tï' Ô' flda,anDDla

wêlrK lafIa;%h - pd,aia fya leurka wêlrK lafIa;%h - pd,aia fya leurk wêlrK lafIa;%h - pd,aia fya leurk

flda,anDDla yd leurka hk fofokd furgg meñK ,xldfõ md,k l%uh

yd wêlrK lafIa;%h .ek lreKq msßlaid we;eï ,dxlslhkaf.a o woyia úuid n,d

;u ks¾foaY we;=

jHjia:dodhl yd úOdhl iNd msysgqùu

flda,anDDla fldñiu furgg meñfKk úg ,xldfõ wdKavqldrjrhd

fj; jHjia:dodhl" úOdhl yd wêlrK n,;, talrdYS ù ;snqKs' fuu ;;ajh

flda,anDDlaf.a úu;shg fya;= jQ w;r wdKavqldrjrhdf.a n,;, wvq lsÍfï wruqK

we;sj fyf;u jHjia:dodhl yd úOdhl iNd msysgqùug fhdackd lf

1833 j¾Ifha msysgq jQ jHjia:dodhl iNdj jßka jr m%;sixialrKhg

,la fjñka ,dxlslhka w;g ,enqK n,;, m%udKh jeä ù ta ;=

wksjd¾h fiajd rdcldß l%uh wfydais lsÍu

rfÜ isá jeäysá msßñ ish¨ fokd u wjqreoaog kshñ; Èk .Kkla rchg

fkdñf,a fiajd iemhSu wksjd¾h fiajd rdcldÍ l%uh f,i ye`Èkafõ' w;S;fha §

rdcHfha fmdÿ lghq;= i`oyd rgjeishkaf.a Y%uh ,nd .ekSug fuu rdcldÍ l%uh

fhdod .;ay' Tjqka Ôj;a jQ .ïudkj, jeõ wuqKq" wedaIK 5'2 Y%S ,dxlslhkaf.a Woaf>daIK 5'2 Y%S ,dxlslhkaf.a Woaf>daIK

1833 j¾Ifha flda,anDDla m%;sixialrK l%shd;aul ùfuka miqj tu wdKavq

l%ufha hï hï fjkialï we;s lr .ekSu i`oyd Woaf>daIKhla uq,ajrg wdrïN

lrk ,oafoa furg isá hqfrdamShka úisks' fulS hqfrdamShka j;= j.d lghq;=

i`oyd ,xldjg meñK Wvrg m%foaYj, jeú,s lghq;=j, ksr; jQ Okj;a;= fj;s'

Tjqkaf.a j;= msysá m%foaYj,g ud¾. myiqlï ÈhqKq lr .ekSu" ;eme,a yd mKsúv

yqjudre myiqlï we;s lr .ekSu yd j;=lrhg wjYH fjk;a myiqlï ÈhqKq lsÍu

fjkqfjka jHjia:dodhlh u.ska uqo,a fjka lr .ekSfï wjYH;djla fï jk úg

u;=j ;snqKs' fuu hqfrdamSh m%cdj ksfhdackh lsÍug jHjia:dodhl iNdjg ks,

fkd,;a ksfhdað;hka ;sfofkl= m;a lr isá nj óg fmr i`oyka flßK' tfy;a

jHjia:dodhlfha ks, fkd,;a msßig jvd ks, ,;a ks,OdÍka nyq;rhla ùu;a

tu iNdjg ,eî ;snQ n,;, m%udKj;a fkdùu;a ksid Tjqyq Woaf>daIK wdrïN

l

flda,anDDla m%;sixialrKj,ska miq furg j;= j.dj ÈhqKq ùu;a" wdkhk

wmkhk wd¾Ólhla ìys ùu;a ksid ,dxlslhkag o hï hï jHdmdr lghq;=j,

ksr; ùfuka uqo,a Wmhd .ekSug wjia:dj ,enqKs' ì%;dkH md,k iufha § jeú,s

lghq;=" f;d. yd is,a,r fjfdaIK fufyhùug uq,a ld,fha msysgq jQ

ixúOdk w;r my;rg ksIamdok ix.uh" y,dj; ix.uh" hdmk ix.uh lemS

fmfkk ixúOdk lsysmhls'

W.;a ,dxlslhka w;ßka wdKavql%u m%;sixialrKhl wjYH;dj msj lreKq meyeÈ,s lrñka 1908 j¾Ifha § uq,ajrg úêu;a ikafoaYhla hg;a

úð; Ndr f,alïjrhd fj; bÈßm;a lrk ,oafoa i¾ fÊïia mSßia uy;d úisks'

bka wk;=rej úúO ixúOdk yd mqoa.,hka úiska o ;j;a tn`ÿ fm;aiï /ila o

bÈßm;a lrk ,È' tu fm;aiï u.ska ,dxlslhka bÈßm;a l< m%;sixialrK fhdackd

lsysmhla fufia h'

jHjia:dodhl iNdfõ ks, fkd,;a idudðlhka msßi jeä lsÍu

jHjia:dodhl iNdjg Pkao n,fhka ksfhdað;hka f;aÍu

jd¾.sl ksfhdack l%uh wfydais lsÍu

5'3 lDDõ - uel,ï wdKavql%u m%;sixialrKh 1910

1910 j¾Ih jk úg ,xldfõ wdKavqldrOqrh ±rE fykaß uel,ï

wdKavqldrjrhdf.a ks¾foaY mokï fldgf.k hg;a úð; Ndr f,alï lDDõ idñjrhd

úiska 1910 j¾Ifha fkdjeïn¾ udifha § kj wdKavql%u m%;sixialrKhla furgg

,nd fok ,È' th lDDõ-uel,ï wdKavql%uh jYfhka ye`Èkafõ' fuu wdKavql%uh

hgf;a jHjia:dodhl iNdfõ idudðl ixLHdj 21 olajd jeä lr ;snqKs' ks, ,;a

msßi 11 fofkl= jQ w;r 10 fofkla ks, fkd,;a idudðlfhda jQy' tlS ks,

fkd,;a idudðlhka 10 fokd jd¾.sl ksfhdack l%ufhka yh fofkl= o iSñ;

Pkao n,fhka y;r fofkl= o ^hqfrdamSh fofofkla o n¾.¾ tla wfhl= yd W.;a

,dxlslhka tla wfhl=& jYfhka m;a flßK'

102102fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu i`oyd h'

lDDõ - uel,ï wdKavql%u m%;sixialrKh 1910

ks, ,;a

11

ks, fkd,;a

10

W.;a ,dxlsl

01

n¾.¾

01

hqfrdamShka

02

Pkao n,fhka

04

kdulrKfhka

^jd¾.sl& 06

by; igyk foi n,k úg

jHjia:dodhl iNdjg ksfhdað;hka f;dard

.ekSfï § Pkao n,fhka ksfhdað;hka

f;dard .ekSug bv ,eîu;a W.;a ,dxlslhka

fjkqfjka tla ksfhdað;fhla f;dard .ekSug

wjia:dj i,id § ;sîu;a fuu m%;sixialrKfha

lemS fmfkk ,laIK fõ'

W.;a ,dxlslhka fjkqfjka

ksfhdað;fhl= f;dard m;a lr .ekSu ksid

furg uOHu mka;shg jHjia:dodhl iNdj

ksfhdackh lsÍug bv ,enqKs' fuu Oqrh

i`oyd uq,ajrg m;a jQfha fmdkakïn,ï

rdukdoka uy;d h'

5'4 ,xld cd;sl ix.uh

lDDõ - uel,ï wdKavql%u

m%;sixialrKhg fmr b,a,Sï bÈßm;a lsÍfï

§ úúO ixúOdk yd mqoa.,hka hg;a úð;

Ndr f,alïjrhdg fjka fjkaj fm;aiï

hejQ wdldrh by; i`oyka flßK' l=vd l=vd

5'1 rEmh ¡ fmdkakïn,ï wreKdp,ï

uy;d103

fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu i`oyd h'

ixúOdk jYfhka fm;aiï heùfuka hg;a úð; md,lhkag n,mEï l< fkdyels

nj;a ,dxlslhka tl;= ù Yla;su;a y`vla ke.Sug kï ish¨ fokdf.aa iyfhda.h

,efnk fmdÿ ixúOdkhla msysgqúh hq;= nj;a uOHu mdka;slfhda f;areï .;ay'

bkaÈhdkqjka bkaÈhdkq cd;sl ix.uh msysgqjd tlai;aj lghq;= l< wdldrh fuys

§ ,dxlsl W.;=kag o wdo¾Yhla úh' 1919 j¾Ifha § ,xld cd;sl ix.uh msysgqjQfha

tys m%;sM,hla jYfhks' tjlg wdKavql%u m%;sixialrK Woaf>daIK jHdmdrfha lemS

fmfkk kdhlfhl= jQ fmdkakïn,ï wreKdp,ï uy;d ,xld cd;sl ix.ufha

m%:u iNdm;s ;k;=rg m;a úh'

,xld cd;sl ix.uhg tla jQ l=vd ixúOdk lsysmhla by; ±lafõ'

isxy," fou

by; wruqKq Èkd .ekSu i`oyd ,xld cd;sl ix.uh wkq.ukh l< l%shd

ud¾. igkaldó fkdjQ w;r b;du;a iduldó iajrEmhla fmkakqï lf

fuu wdKavql%uh wkqj jHjia:dodhl iNdfõ ks, ,;a msßig jvd ks,

fkd,;a msßi jeä jQ nj neÆ ne,aug fmfkk kuq;a ;SrKd;aul Pkao úuiSul §

ks, ,;a ody;r fokdg kdulrKfhka m;a jQ y;a fokd o tla jk neúka" Pkaofhka

m;a jQ oyih fokdg jvd jeä Pkaohla wdKavqldrjrhdg ysñj ;sìK'

5'6 1924 ueksx - fvfjdkaIh¾ wdKavql%u m%;sixialrKh

1920 ¡ wdKavql%u m%;sixialrKfhka ,dxlslhkaf.a wfmalaId bgq fkdjqKs' fï ksid ,xld cd;sl ix.uh fuu m%;sixialrKhg úreoaO úh' fuu ix.uh 1920¡m%;sixialrKh hgf;a meje;afjk ue;sjrKh j¾ckh lsÍug;a ieriqKs' fï jk úg

bkaÈhdfõ bx.%Sis md,khg tfrysj m%n, Woaf>daIKhla isÿ fjñka mej;=Ks' ,xldfõ

o tn`ÿ ;;ajhla we;s fj;ehs bx.%SiSyq ìh jQy' tneúka 1920 ¡ m%;sixialrKh ms

fuu m%;sixialrKh hgf;a ks, ,;a idudðlhka 12 fokd yd kdulrKfhka

m;a l< 8 fokd tl;= jqj;a" Pkaofhka m;a jQ 29 fokdg jvd th iq`M;rhla úh'

tneúka jHjia:dodhl iNdj ;=< wdKavqldrjrhdg mlaImd; nyq;r Pkaohla fkdù

h' fï ksid wdKavql%uh l%shd;aul ùfï § wdKavqldrjrhd wiSre ;;ajhlg m;a úh'

1920 ¡ wdKavql%u m%;sixialrKfhka fuka u 1924 ¡ m%;sixialrKh hgf;a o jHjia:dodhlhg ksfhdað;hka f;aÍfï § Pkao odhlfhl= ùug wjYH iqÿiqlï

.ek ,dxlslhka ;=< wm%idohla mej;=Ks' Pkao odhlfhl= ùug lsishï NdIdjla

,sùug fyda lshùug yels ùu;a foam< fyda wdodhï ysñldß;ajhla ;sîu;a wjYH

úh' tneúka furg isá Pkao odhlhka ixLHdj iSud ù ;snqKs'

5'7 fvdkfuda¾ wdKavql%u m%;sixialrKh - 1931

ueksx - fvfjdkaIh¾ wdKavql%uh hgf;a jHjia:dodhl iNdfõ nyq;r wdik

ixLHdjlaaa ,dxlslhkag ,eîu ksid wdKavqldrjrhdg WmdhYS,Sj lghq;= lsÍug

isÿ úh' fuu ;;ajh furg wdKavqldrjreka úiska hg;a úð; Ndr f,alïjrhdg

±kqï §u ksid ,xldjg meñK ;;ajh fidhd n,d wjYH ks¾foaY bÈßm;a lsÍug

1927 j¾Ifha § fvdkfuda¾ fldñiï iNdj m;a flßK' fvdkfuda¾ idñjrhdf.a

iNdm;s;ajfhka m;a jQ fuu fldñiu ,xldjg meñK ,dxlslhkaf.a idlaIh ,nd

f.k mq`M,a úu¾Ykhla isÿ fldg ;u ks¾foaYh bÈßm;a lr we;' tu ks¾foaYh

mokï lr .;a m%;sixialrK 1931 isg l%shd;aul flreK w;r th fvdkfuda¾

wdKavql%uh jYfhka ye`Èkafõ'

ó

61

fvdkfuda¾ m%;sixialrK hgf;a rdcH uka;%K iNdj

rdcH ks,Odßka

03 wdKavqldrjrhd kï l<

08

m

úOdhl ldrl iNd msysgqùu

rdcH uka;%K iNdj jHjia:dodhl yd úOdhl lghq;= lrk uKav,hla

f,i l%shd;aul úh' thg mjrd ÿka jHjia:dodhl lghq;= tu uKav,h iuia;hla

f,i /iaj l%shdjg kexù h' úOdhl lghq;= i`oyd rdcH uka;%K iNdj ldrl iNd

y;lg fnod ;snqKs' fï wkqj uy ue;sjrKhlska miqj rdcH uka;%K iNdjg f;aÍ

m;a jk uka;%Ska 61 fokdf.ka l:dkdhljrhd iy rdcH ks,Odßka ;sfokd yer

b;sß 57 fokd ldrl iNd y;lg fnÈKs' tu ldrl iNd y; my; i`oyka fõ'

iajfoaY lghq;= ms

fuu wdKavql%uh hgf;a wdrlaIdj" uqo,a lghq;= kS;s jeks jeo.;a wxY

ms

1939 j¾Ifha § fojk f,dal ix.%duh wdrïN ùu ksid f,dal hqoaOfha §

ì%;dkHhkag ,dxlslhkaf.a iyfhda.h wjYH úh' f,dal ix.%dufha § c¾ukshg

tfrysj igka jeÿKq rgj,a w;r ì%;dkHh lemS fmkk fiajhla bgq lf

w.%dKavqldrjrhd

fida,anß wdKavql%uh hgf;a fuf;la

mej;s wdKavqldrOqrh wfydais flßK' fuu

wdKavql%uh hgf;a o ì%;dkH /ðk ,xldfõ

kdhsldj f,i ms

uyck uka;%S uKav,h md¾,sfïka;=fõ m

rdcH fiajd fldñiu

fida,anß jHjia:dj hgf;a kS;sm;s" ú.Kldêm;s" iaÒr f,alï jeks rcfha

by< ks,OdÍka m;a lsÍu w.ue;sf.a Wmfoia msg w.%dKavqldrjrhd úiska isÿ lrk

,È' Bg wu;rj my< rdcH fiajlhka m;a lsÍu" bj;a lsÍu" úkhdkql+, md,kh

wdÈh i`oyd rdcH fiajd fldñiï iNdjla m;a flßK' rdcH fiajd fldñiu

idudðlhka ;sfofkl=f.ka iukaú; úh'

wêlrK fiajd fldñiu

fida,anß jHjia:dj hgf;a w.%úksYaphldrjrhd yd by< wêlrKh

jQ fY%aIaGdêlrKfha úksYaphldrjreka m;a lsÍu w.ue;sf.a Wmfoia msg

w.%dKavqldrjrhd úiska isÿ lrk ,È' wfkla my< wêlrKj, úksYaphldrjreka

m;a lsÍu" bj;a lsÍu" úkhdkql+, md,kh i`oyd wêlrK fiajd fldñiï iNdj m;a

lr ;snqKs' fuh w.%úksYaphldrjrhd yd ;j;a úksYaphldrjreka fofofkl=f.ka

hqla; úh'

114fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu i`oyd h'