{]IrXn t£ m`hpw imkv{X bmYmÀYy§fpw - Sathyadoothan.com · Hcp \qäm nt\mSSp¡p¶ aebmf¯nse GI...

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kXyZqX³akvPnZv DaÀ, skâvs_\UnIvSv tdmUv, FdWmIpfw t\mÀ¯v, sIm n̈þ[email protected]

Printed & Published by B.B. Ahmad Kabeer, for the Kerala Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama-ath Printed at Anaswara Offset, Perandoor Jn.,Elamakkara, Ernakulam-682 026.

Published at Masjid Umar, St. Benedict Road, Ernakulam, Kochi-18. Edited by A.M. Muhammed Salim. Design: Mubarak Ahmed, KKD

The Sathyadoothan Monthly

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CuZv JpXv_ kw{Klw

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B Znhkw CuZp{]-`m-j-Whpw

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i-Ifpw Bkz-Zn-t°-≠-Xn-\p-]-Icw

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[nIw êw a\p-jy-\m-Wp-≠m-Ip-

∂-Xv. ImcWw A√m-lp-hns‚

F√m kr„n-I-fn¬\n∂pw a\p-

jy≥ ê-sa-Sp-°p-∂p.' a\p-jy-

s‚ta¬ A√m -lp -hns‚ D]-

Imcap≠v. GtX-sX√mw kr„n-I-

fmtWm A√mlp D≠m-°n-bn-´p-

≈Xv AsX√mw a\p-jys‚ KpW-

Øn-\p-th-≠n-bm-Wv. a\p-jy≥

B{K-ln-°p-tºmƒ AXn¬ \n∂v

Ah\v ê-sa-Sp-°m≥ Ign-bpw.

kuμ-cy-Øns‚ cq]-Øn¬ shfn-

s∏ -Sp -∂ khntij-Kp -W-ß-

fn¬\n∂pw temI-Øn se Hmtcm

hkvXp -hnepw KpW-Øns‚

cq]Øn¬ shfn -s∏-ń -cn -°p∂

Ahs‚ D]-Imc-Øn¬\n∂pw G‰-

hp-a-[nIw ê-sa-Sp-°p-∂Xv a\p-

jy -\m -Wv . Ah-bpsS êw

G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ D≠m-bn-s°m-

≠n-cn-°p-∂Xv a\p-jy-\m-Wv. \Ωƒ

kt¥m-j-tØmsS Ahs‚ Zmk-

Xz-Øns‚ ISa \nd-th-‰pI F∂Xv

\ΩpsS \n¿_-‘-I-S -a -bm -Wv.

C°m-cy-ßƒ Ahs\ icn-bmb

\ne-bn¬ Bcm[n-°Wsa∂pw

\Ω-tfmSp hnfn -t®m -Xp -∂p.

Ahs‚ Iev]-\ -I-f -\p -k-cn®v

I¿a-ßƒ sNøp∂hcm-I-Ww.

Hcp km[m-c-W -a-\p-jys\ At]-

£n®v apkvenw F∂ \ne-bn¬,

A√m-lp-hns\ kvXpXn--°p-Ibpw

Ah-t\mSv \μn-Im-Wn-°p-Ibpw

sNtø-≠Xv \ap°v IqSp -X¬

\n¿_-‘-am-Wv. kvXpXn°pIbpw

Aht\mS v \μn ]dbpIbpw

sNtø≠XmWv.

C X p - k w - _ - ‘ a m b n

lZvdØv akolv auDu-Zv(-A)s‚

[mcmfw \n¿tZi-ß-fp-≠v. Ah-

bn¬ NneXv ka¿]n-°p-I-bm-Wv.

Znhykuμ-cy-Øn-t‚bpw D]-Imc-

Øn-t‚bpw Ib‰w \ap°v \ΩpsS

Ign-h-\p-k-cn®v Fßs\ Ic-ÿ-

am-°m≥ Ign-bp-sa∂v AXv \ap°v

]d-™p-X-cp-∂p.


A) Hcn-SØv ]d-bp-∂p: ""A√m-lp-

hp-ambn ]cn-ip-≤-amb _‘-ßƒ

ÿm]n-°pI F∂-XmWv \∑.

Ah-t\m -Sp≈ hy‡n-] -c -amb

kvt\lw \mUn Rc-ºp-I-fn¬

{]h-ln-°p-I. C∂-√ml bA-vapdp

_n¬-AZven h¬C-lvkm\n h

Cu-Øm-C-Zn¬ Jp¿_m (16:91)

F∂v A√mlp ]d-™-Xp-t]m-se.

A√m-lp-hn-t\m-Sp≈ \oXn F∂Xv

Ahs‚ \nA-va-Øp-Isf kvacn-®p-

sIm≠v Ahs\ A\p-k-cn-°pI

F∂-Xm-Wv.''

""AXn¬ A`n-hr-≤n-s∏-Sm≥

B{K-ln-°p-s∂-¶n¬ (A-Xns‚

ASpØ ]Sn ]d-bp-I-bmWv) D]-

ImcØns‚ ]Z-hn-bm-Wv.'' (A-√m-

lp-hn\v a\p-jy≥ F¥v D]-Imcw

sNøm-\mWv). lZvdØv akolv

auDu-Zv(-A)-]-d™p:""AXv F¥m-

sW-∂m¬, Ahs\ ImWp∂p

F∂-t]mse Ah-\n¬ ZrV-ambn

hniz-kn-°p-I.''(A-√m-lp-hns‚

kØ-bn¬ Xm≥ Ft∏mgpw A√m-

lp-hns\ I≠p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂p

F∂ \ne-bn¬ a\p-jy≥ ZrV-

ambpw hniz-kn-°-Ww). ""\nß-

tfmSv k¬s]-cp-am‰w ImWn-°m-

Ø-h-tcmSv k¬s]-cp-am‰w ImWn-

°p-I. AXn-t\-°m-fp-]cn s]cp-am-

dm≥ B{K-ln-°p-s∂-¶n¬ \∑-


bpsS as‰mcp ÿm\-ap-≠v. kz¿K-

Øn -t\m -Sp≈ AXym - {K -lw -

sImt≠m \c-I-Øn-t\m-Sp≈ `bw-

sImt≠m BImsX A√m-lp -

hns\ kzm`m-hn-I-amb \ne-bn¬

kvt\ln-°p-I.''

Ahn -S∂v ]dbp∂p:

A√mlphns‚ A\p{Klßsf

kvacn®psIm≠v Ahs\ A\pk

cn°pIbpw a‰mscbpw Aht\mSv

]¶p tN¿°mXncn°msX Ahs\

Xncn®dnbpIbpw sNøpI

F∂XmWv Aht\mSp≈

AZv¬(\oXn). AXnepw ]ptcmKXn

{]m]n°Wsa¶n¬ Clvkm≥

(HuZmcyw)s‚ ]ZhnbmWp≈Xv.

AXmbXv, Ahs‚ kØbn¬

Ahs\ ImWp∂Xpt]mse

ZrVambn hnizkn°pI.

\nßtfmS v \√ coXnbn¬

s]cpamdm ØhtcmS v \√

coXnbn¬ s]cpamdpI. C\n

CXnt\°mf[nIw k¬s]cpam‰w

B{Kln°p∂psh¶n¬ \∑bpsS

as‰mcp ]ZhnIqSnbp≠v;

A√mlphns\ ss\k¿KnIamb

\nebn¬ kvt\ln°pI. kz¿Kw

tamlnt®m, \cIsØ `bt∂m

BIcpXv.


(A)]d™p: ""C\n kz¿Khpw \c-

I-hp-an-s√∂v k¶-ev]n-°p-I-bm-

sW-¶n¬Øs∂ kvt\lm-th-i-

Ønepw A\p -k-c -W-Ønepw

hyXym-k-sam-∂p-ap-≠m-Im≥ ]m-Sn-

√. AØcw kvt\lw A√m-lp-hn-

t\m -Sp -s≠-¶n¬ AXn¬- Hcp

BI¿j-W-ap -≠m -Ip -∂p. Hcp

hn≈epw D≠m-hp-I-bn-√.''

""ssZh-kr -„n -I -tfmS v

\nßƒ Ah-cpsS bYm¿Y _‘p-

°-fm-sW-∂-t]mse s]cp-am-dp-I.

Cu ]Zhn G‰hpw t{ijvT-am-Wv.

ImcWw {]Xyp -] -Im -c -Øn¬

Alw-̀ m-h-Øns‚ Hcp- _o-P-ap-≠m-

Im-dp-≠v. Bsc-¶nepw \μn-tISv

ImWn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ D]-Imcw

sNøp-∂-h≥ Rm≥ \n\°v D]-

Imcw sNbvXn-cp-∂p-sh∂v £W-

Øn¬ hnfn®p ]d-bp-∂p. F∂m¬,

amXm-hn\v Ipń-tbm-sS-∂-t]m-se-

bp≈ kzm`m-hn-I-amb kvt\l-am-

sW-¶n¬ AXn¬ \μn-tI-sSm-∂p-

ap-≠m-hp-I-bn-√.'' (a‰p-f-f-hsc

ImWn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n sNøp-I-

bn-√. Fs¥-¶nepw Dt±-iy-Øn-\p-

th-≠nbpw sNøp-I-bn-√). ""F∂√

Hcp cmPmhv \o \ns‚ Ipńsb

sIm√pI F∂v Hcp amXm-hn-t\mSv

Iev]n-°p-Ibpw \o tNmZyw sNø-

s∏-Sp -I -bn -s√∂v ]d -bp -Ibpw

sNbvXmepw Ah¿ Hcn -°epw

AXv tIƒ°m≥Xs∂ C„-s∏-Sp-

Ibn-√. B cmPm-hns\ NoØ-]-d-

bp-Ibpw sNøpw. hmkvX-h-Øn¬

Ah≥ bphXzw {]m]n-°p-tºm-

tg°pw Xm≥ acn-°p-sa∂v amXm-

hn\-dn-bmw. F∂n´pw hy‡n-K-X-

amb kvt\lw Imc-W-Øm¬ B

Ipń-bpsS ]cn-]m-e\w Dt]-£n-

°p-I-bn-√.''

Ahn -S∂v ]d -bp -∂p:

""A√mlp \nß-fn¬\n∂v

F¥mWv B{K-ln -°p -∂-X v?

\nßƒ a\p-jy-Ip-e-tØmSv \oXn-

tbmsS s]cp-am-dp-I F∂p-X-s∂!

AXn-t\-°m-fp-]-cn- \nß-tfmSv \∑-

tbmsS s]cp-am-dm-Ø-h-tcmSpw

\nßƒ \∑-tbmsS s]cp-am-dp-I.

AXn -ep -ap -]cn A√m-lp -hns‚

kr„n-I-tfmSv \nß-fpsS c‡-_-

‘p-°-tfm-sS-∂-t]mse kl-Xm-]-

tØmsS s]cp-am-dp-I.''

\∑-I -fpsS Db¿®bv°v

F¥mWv ]d-™Xv? \∑-tbmsS

s]cp-am-dm-Ø-h-t\mSpw \∑-tbmsS

s]cp-am-dp-I. CXv bYm¿Y kXy-

hn-izm-kn-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-bm-Wv.

BcmtWm \nß-tfmSv \∑-tbmsS

h¿Øn-°p-∂Xv, \nß-tfmSv HuZm-

cy-tØmsS s]cp-am-dp-∂Xv Ah-

t\mSv \nßƒ F¥m-bmepw \∑-

tbmsS {]h¿Øn-°-Ww. ]t£,

\∑ sNøm-Ø-h-t\mSpw \nßƒ

\∑ {]h-c -Øn -°p -∂-XmWv

bYm¿Y \∑.

a\p -jy -Ip -e - tØm -S p≈

kl-Xm-]-Øn-t‚bpw k¬s]-cp-am-

‰-Øn-t‚bpw hnip-≤-Jp¿-B-\ns‚

A[ym-]\w hy‡-am-°n-s°m≠v

Hcp ÿeØv lZvdØv akolv

auDu-Zv(-A) ]d-bp∂p: ""\nß-fpsS

ktlm-Z-c-ß-tfmSpw a\p-jy-Ip-e-

tØmSpw \oXn -]p -e¿Øp-I.

kz¥w Ah-Im -i -ß-tf -°mƒ

IqSp-X¬ Ah-cn¬\n∂v A[n-I-

ambn H∂pw FSp-°-cp-Xv. \oXn-

bn¬ \ne-sIm-≈p-I. Hcp-X-c-Øn-

ep≈ AXn-{I-ahpw Ah-tcmSp

sNø-cp-Xv. \nßƒ°v Ah-Im-i-

s∏ -´Xpam{Xw FSp -°p -I.

""\nt∂mSp Xn∑ sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-

cn-°p-∂-h-tcmSpw tZmjw sNbvXp-

sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-h-tcmSpw \„w

hcp-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn°p∂h-tcmSpw

\o \∑ sNøp -I. CXmWv

Clvkm≥- A-Yhm \∑. Ahs\

t{Zmln-°p-∂-Xn-\p-]-I-c-ambn \o

Ah\v kuJyw ]I-cp-I. Ah≥

\ns∂ hnj-an -∏n -°p∂p; \o

Ah\v kt¥mjw \evIp-I. \nß

ƒ Ah\v kuJyw \evIp-I.'' a\p-

jy-Xzhpw \∑bpw F∂ \ne-bn¬

klm-bn-°p-I.


(A)]d™p: AXn -\p -tijw

CuØm -C - Z n¬Jp¿_m - b psS

ÿm\-am-Wv. \n\°v F{X-tØm

fw \ns‚ ktlm-Z-c-t\mSp \∑

{]h¿Øn-°m≥ Ign-bptam As√-

¶n¬ F{X-tØmfw a\p-jy-Ip-e-

Øn\v \∑ sNøm≥ Ign-bptam

sNøp-I. AXn¬\n∂v a‰p-X-c-Øn-

ep≈ \∑ B{K-ln-°-cp-Xv. adn-®v,

kzm`m-hn-I-amb \ne-bn¬, Hcp Dt±-

iyhpw IqSm -sX -bp≈ \∑

\n∂n¬\n-∂p-≠m-IWw; ASp-Ø-

_‘w Imc-W-Øm¬ D’m-l-

tØmsS \∑ sNøp-∂-Xp-t]m-se.''


A) kr„n-I-tfm-Sp≈ kl-Xm-

]sØ Ipdn® v Bh¿Øn-®m -

h¿Øn®v \nc-h[n ÿe-ß-fn¬

\sΩ D]-tZ-in-®n-́ p-≠v. F∂√ Hcn-

SØv Cß-t\bpw ]d™p: Nne-

bm-fp-Iƒ A√m-lp-hn-t\m-Sp≈ IS-

a-Iƒ \nd-th-‰m-dp-≠v. \a-kvI-cn-


°p-∂-h-cp-ap-≠v. t\mºp-]n-Sn-°p-∂-

h-cp-ap-≠v. _mly-ambn t\m°p-

tºmƒ henb Bcm-[-I\pw \∑

sNøp-∂-h-\p -ambn ImWp-∂p.

]t£, kr„n-I-tfm-Sp≈ IS-aIƒ

\nd-th-t‰≠ Imcyw hcp-tºmƒ

AhnsS Ch-cpsS ImgvN-∏mSv amdn-

t∏m-Ip-∂p. Ah-cpsS \∑-I-fpsS

\ne-hmcw amdn-t∏m-Ip-∂p. CXv

hkvXp-X-bm-Wv. F\n°pw Nne-

t∏mƒ Bfp-Iƒ Fgp-Xm-dp-≠v.

Bfp-I-fpsS bYm¿Y s]cp-am-‰-

Øn¬\n∂v CXp-X-s∂-bmWv {]I-

S-am-Ip-∂-Xv. a‰p-≈-h-cn¬\n∂v

F¥m-bmepw Cß-s\-sbm-s°-bp-

≠m-Ipw. Nne kv{XoIƒ Xß-fpsS

`¿Øm-°-∑msc Ipdn®pw Cßs\

Fgp-Xm-dp-≠v. CXn-t\-°m-fp-]cn

Nne Ipń-Iƒ Xß-fpsS ]nXm-°-

∑m-sc-Ip-dn®v Fgp-Xm-dp-≠v; Rß-

fpS `¿Ømhv As√-¶n¬ ]nXmhv

akvPn-Zn¬ t]mIp-∂p, Pam-A-

Øns‚ tPmenbpw sNøp∂p.

]t£, hoSp-I-fn-ep≈ Ah-cpsS

s]cp-am‰w Atß-b‰w tami-am-

sW∂v! F∂√ AXp- I≠v Nne

Ipń-I-fn¬ s\K-‰o-hmb {]Xn-I-c-

W-ap -≠m -Ip -Ibpw Ah¿

Zo\n¬\n∂v AI-ep-Ibpw sNøp-

∂p. Pam-A-Øns‚ BŒn-hn-‰n-I-

fn¬\n∂pw AI-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂p.

`mcy-am-tcbpw a°-tfbpw Ipdn®v

GsX-¶nepw ]pcp -j\v Fs¥-

¶nepw ]cm-Xn-bp-s≠-¶n¬ t{Zmln-

°p-∂-Xn-\p-]-I-cw Ah¿°v kam-

[m-\-]-cambn a\- n-em-°n-s°m-Sp-

t°-≠-XmWv. a\p-jy-tcm-Sp≈ IS-

a-sb-∂m¬, a‰p-≈-h-cpsS ASp-

°¬t]mbn ]d™v Bsc-sb-

¶nepw klm-bn-°p-Itbm tkhn-

°p-Itbm sNøpI F∂Xp am{X-

a-√. adn®v hoSp-I-fnse IS-a-Ifpw

\nd-th-‰-≠Xpw {]Y-ahpw \n¿_-

‘-hp-am-Wv. ]pd-Øp-t]mbn A\y-

tcmSp ASp-Ø-_-‘p-°-tfm-sS-∂-

t]mse Bsc-¶nepw s]cp-am-dp-

∂Xpw, ASp-Ø-h-tcmSp A\y-tcm-

sS-∂-t]mse s]cp-am-dp-∂Xpw Hcp-

co -Xn -bnepw A\p-h-Z -\o -b-a -√.

A√mlp k¬s]-cp-am-‰-Øns‚

{Iaw ]d-™-Xnepw G‰-hp-amZyw

ASp-Ø-_-‘p-°-fn¬\n-∂mWv

XpS-ßp-∂-Xv.

tijw AhnS∂v ]dbp∂p:

""\nßƒ A√m-lp-hns\ Bcm-[n-

°p -I. as‰m -∂n -t\bpw

Ahs‚IqsS ]¶p-tN¿°-cp-Xv.

amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ°v \nßƒ \∑

sNøp-I. ASp-Ø-_-‘p-°ƒ°pw

\nßƒ Clvkm≥ (\∑) sNøpI.


A) ]d-bp-∂p: \nßƒ A√m-lp-

hns\ Bcm-[n-°p-I. Ah-t\mSv

Btcbpw ]¶m-fn-bm-°-cp-Xv. \nß-

fpsS amXm-]n-Xm-°-tfmSv \√-co-Xn-

bn¬ s]cp-am-dp-I. \nß-fpsS ASp-

Ø-_-‘p-°-tfmSpw \∑ sNøp-I.

CXv hni-Zo-I-cn-®p-sIm≠v ]d-™p:

"Cu hmIy-Øn¬ a°fpw ktlm-

Z-c\pw ASp-ØXpw AI-∂-Xp-amb

F√m _‘p-°fpw Dƒs∏-ń-cn-°p-

∂p.'


A)]d-™p: ""bXow-I-tfmSpw \∑

sNøp-I. AK-Xn-I-tfmSpw \∑

sNøp-I. ASpØXpw AI-∂-Xp-

amb Ab¬hm-kn-I-tfmSpw \∑

sNøp-I. GsX-¶nepw tPmen-bn¬

]¶m-fn-I-fm-b-h-tcmSpw bm{X-bn¬

IqsS-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-h-tcmSpw \a-

kvIm-c-Øn¬ H∏w ]s¶-Sp-Ø-h-

tcmSpw aX-hn-Zym-`ym-k-Øn¬ ]¶m-

fn-I-fm-b-h-tcmSpw F√m Poh-Pm-e-

ß-tfmSpw \∑ sNøp-I. Al-¶m-

cn-I-tfbpw s]mß-®w-Im-Wn-°p-∂-

h -tcbpw a‰p -≈-h -cp -sS -ta¬

IcpW ImWn-°m-Ø-h-tcbpw

A√mlp kplr-Øp-°-fm-°p-I-bn-

√.''

]n∂o-sSm-cn-SØv CXv IqSp-

X¬ hy‡-am-°n. ""\nßƒ amXm-

]n -Xm -°-ƒ°p \∑ sNøp -I.

ASpØ_‘p-°tfbpw AK-Xn-I-

tfbpw Ai-c-W-tcbpw \nß-fpsS

_‘p-°-fmb Ab¬hm-kn -I-

tfbpw _‘p-h-√mØ Ab¬hm-

kn -I -tfbpw bm{X -°m -tcbpw

tPmen-°m-tcbpw ho´p-tPm-en-°m-

tcbpw -Ip-Xn-c, BSv, Imf, ]ip-

°-tfbpw \nß-fpsS ssIbn-ep-ff

arK-ß-tfbpw kvt\ln -°p -I.

ImcWw \nß-fpsS ssZh-Øn\v

Cu ioe-amWv CjvS-am-bn-´p-f-f-Xv.

Ah≥ {i≤ C√m-Ø-h-tcbpw

kzm¿Y-a-Xn-I-tfbpw kvt\ln-°p-

∂n-√.

kl-Xm]Øns‚ Cu

hnIm-cßtfbpw \∑ sNøp-∂-Xn-

t\bpw Ahn-S∂v arK-ßƒhsc

hn]p -e -am -°n. t]sc -Sp -Øp -

sIm≠pw hy‡-am-°n. Aßs\

arK-ß-tfmSpw kl-Xm]w ImWn-

t°-≠n-h-cp-tºmƒ \ap°v \ΩpsS

hoSn-\pw `mcym-a-°-ƒ°pw F{X-

am{Xw {]m[m\yw \evI-Ww. C{]-

Im-cw-Xs∂ Hmtcm ÿm\-hp-a-\p-

k-cn®v a‰p-f-f-h-tcm-Spw.

A√mlp ̀ mtcy-tbbpw a°-

tfbpw \evIn. a\p-jy≥ Ah-

tcmSp \√-co-Xn-bn¬ s]cp-am-dp-∂n-

s√-¶n¬ AXv A√m-lp-hn-t\m-Sp-ff

\μn-tI-Sm-Wv. lZvdØv akolv

auDu-Zv(-A)-A-√m-lp-hn-t\m-Sp-ff

IS-a-Isf Ipdn®pw a\p-jy-tcm-Sp-

ff IS -a -Isf Ipdn®pw Hcp

ÿeØv ]d -bp∂p: ""ico -A-

Øns‚ c≠p-X-c-Øn-ep-ff IS-a-I-

fm-Wp-f-f-Xv. A√m-lp-hn-t\m-Sp-ff

IS-a-Ifpw Zmk-tcm-Sp-ff IS-a-I-

fpw.''Ahn-S∂v ]d™p:""Zu¿`m-Ky-

hm-\-s√¶n¬ (Zu¿`m-Ky-hm-\mb

a\p-jy-\m-sW-¶n¬ H∂pw ]d-bm-

\n-√)A-√m-lp-hnt\m-Sp-ff ISa

\nd-th-‰pI F∂Xv Ffp-∏-am-Wv.''

(A√m-lp-hn-t\m-Sp-ff ISa \nd-th-

‰pI F∂Xv Ffp-∏-ap-ff tPmen-

bm-Wv). ""ImcWw Ah≥ \nß-

tfmSp `£Ww tNmZn-°p-∂n-√.

Hcp Xc-Øn-ep-ff Bh-iyhpw

Ah\n-√.''(A-h\v Bh-iy-an-√.

AXp-sIm≠v \nß-fpsS Bhiyw

\nß-tfmSp ]d-bp-∂n-√). Ah≥

B{K-ln-°p-∂Xv \nßƒ Ahs\

]¶p-Im-c-\n-√mØ ssZh-ambn a\-

kn-em-°pI F∂m-Wv. Ahs‚

kºq¿W-amb hnti-j-Kp-W-ß-

fn¬ hniz-kn-°p-I. Ahs‚ ZqX-


∑m-cn¬ hniz-kn-®p-sIm≠v Ahsc

]n≥]-‰p-I. ]t£, a\p-jy-tcm-Sp-

ff IS-a-I-fn-se-Øp-tºmƒ {]bm-

k-ßƒ D≠mIp -∂p. AhnsS

tZmj-{]-h-W-amb Bflmhv h©n-

°p-∂p.''

CXns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Ønepw

Cu s]cp-∂m-fn¬ IS-a-Iƒ \nd-

th-‰p-∂-Xn-te°v {i≤ D≠m-tI-≠-

Xm-Wv. F√m Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw AXv

sNtø-≠-Xm-Wv. Xß-fpsS hoSp-I-

fnepw _‘p-°-fnepw Np‰p-]m--

Snepw Fhn-sS-sb-¶n-ep-sams°

_‘-ß-fn¬ Im¿°-iy-ap-s≠-

¶n¬ AXv AI-‰p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n

{ian-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. Im¿°-iyhpw

AI¬ ®bpw arZp-e-X-bn-te°pw

kmao -]y -Øn -te°pw am‰m≥

{iant° ≠-Xm-Wv. A√m-lp-hns‚

hnti-j-Kp-W-ßƒ ]cn-]q¿W-am-

Wv. ]t£, A√mlp Cß-t\bpw

]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p, Fs‚ hnti-j-

Kp-W-ß-fpsS civan-I-fm-Ip-I. AX-

\p-k-cn®v {]h¿Øn-°m≥ {ian-

°p-I. Ah-c-h-cpsS Ign-h-\p-k-

cn®v B hntij KpW-ßƒ kzmb-

Ø-am-°m≥ {ian-°p-∂Xpw F√m-

hn-[-Ønepw a\p-jys‚ Ign-hp-I-

f-\p-k-cn®v kuμ-cy-Øn-t‚bpw

D]-Im-c-Øn-t‚bpw amXr-I-Im-Wn-

°pI F∂Xpw A√m-lp-hn-t\m-Sp-

ff \μn -bm -Wv;s]cp -∂m-fns‚

kt¥mjw X∂n¬am-{Xhpw Xs‚

]cn-an-X-amb Np‰p-h-´Øpw am{Xw

HXp-ßn-\n-ev°msX AXn\p shfn-

bn¬ IS∂v kaq-l-Ønepw hym]n-

°m\pw Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw ]c-kv]cw

IS-a-Iƒ \n¿h-ln-°p-∂-h¿ Bbn-

Øo-cm\pwth-≠n. ]n∂oSv Pam-A-

Øns‚ HsØm-cpa \ne \ndp-Øp-

∂-Xn\pw IS-a-Iƒ \nd-th-t‰-≠Xv

hfsc \n¿_-‘-am -Wv . CXv

bYm¿Y-amb kt¥mjw \evIp-∂-

Xn-t\m-sSm∏w Pam-A-Øns‚ A`n-

hr-≤n-bpsS {]I-S-\hpw C°m-cy-

Øn-ep -≠m-Ipw. CXp-kw-_-‘-

ambn \ap°v am¿K-Z¿i\w \evIn-

s°m≠v lZvdØv akolv auDu-

Zv(-A)-]-d-bp∂p:

""_e-lo-\-cmb ktlm-Z-c-

ßsf klm-bn-°pI F∂ coXn-

bm-bn -cn -°Ww D≠m-tI-≠-Xv.

Ah¿°v i‡n-]-I-c -Ww. ]c-

kv]cw ISn-®p-Iodn Xn∂p∂ Pam-

AØv bYm¿Y Pam-A-Øm-Ip-I-

bn-√. \mep-t]¿ IqSn -bn -cn -°p-

tºmƒ Hcp-h≥ Xs‚ _e-lo-\-

\mb ktlm-Z -cs\ Ipdn® v

ZqjWw ]d-bp-∂p. hna¿in-°p-

∂p. _e-lo-\-tcbpw Zcn-{Z-tcbpw

CI-gvØp-∂p. Ahsc ]cn-lm-k-

Øn -t‚bpw \nμy -X -bp -tSbpw

ZrjvSn -tbmsS t\m°p -∂p.

Aßs\ Hcn°epw ]mSn-√. adn®v

Iq´m-bva-bn¬ i‡n ssIh-cnt°-

≠-Xm-Wv. sFIy-ap -≠m-I-Ww.

AXp-ap-tJ\ kvt\l-ap-≠m-Ip-∂p.

A\p-{K-l-ß-fp-≠m-Ip-∂p. [m¿an-

I-amb i‡n-Isf F¥p-sIm≠v

hn]p-e-s∏-Sp-Øn-°q-Sm. \nßfpsS

[m¿an-I-Xsb hnim-e-am-°p-I. Hcp-

]mS v hym]n -∏n°p -I. Cu

[m¿anIX Fß-s\-bmWv hym]n-

°p-I.""CXp hym]n-°p-∂Xv kl-

Xm-] hpw kvt\lhpw am∏pw Icp-

Wbpw s]mXphm-°p-tºm-gm-Wv.''

kz¥w kl-Xm]w F√mh¿°p

s]mXp-hm-°p-I. kz¥w kvt\lw

F√mh¿°pw s]mXp-hm-°p-I.

am∏pw hn´p-ho-gvNbpw F√mh¿

°pw s]mXp-hm-°p-I. a‰p -f -f -

h¿°v ê-sa-Øn-°pI F∂Xv

F√mh¿°pw s]mXp-hm-°p-I.

""F√m ioe-ß-fnepw Zb-tbbpw

kl-Xm -] -tØbpw sX‰p -Iƒ

ad®p sh°p-∂-Xn-t\-bpw ap¥n-

°p-I.'' a‰p-f-f-h-tcmSp IcpW

ImWn-°p-I. Ah-tcmSp A\p-I-º-

tbmsS h¿Øn-°p-I. Ign-bp-∂n--

StØmfw Ah-cpsS sX‰p-Ip-‰-ßƒ

s]mdp -Øp -sIm -Sp -°p -I. Cu

Ahÿ D≠m-Ip-tºmƒ H‰-i-co-

c-am-bn-s°m≠v ]c-kv]cw Ah-b-

h-ß-fmbn-Øo-cp -∂p. A√mlp

kzlm-_m-°-tfbpw Cu kmtlm-

Zcy _‘-Øns‚ A\p-{K-l-amWv

Hm¿an-∏n-®-Xv. Ah¿ kz¿W-Øns‚

ae- Xs∂ sNe-h-gn-®mepw \_n(-

k)-Xn-cp-ta\n aptJ\ Ah¿°p

Inńb B kmtlm-Zcyw Ah¿°p

In´p-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. CtX coXn-bn-

emWv A√mlp Cu Pam-AØv

cq]o-I-cn-®n-´p-f-f-Xv. CØ--Øn-ep-ff

kmtlm -Zcyw Ah≥ ChnsS

ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.''

AXn-\m¬ \ap°v F√m

Xe-ß-fnepw kvt\lhpw,

{]oXnbpw, kmtlm-Z-cyhpw ImWn-

°p-∂-Xn\pw IS-a-Iƒ \nd-th-‰p-

∂-Xn\pw {ian -t°-≠-Xm -Wv .

bYm¿YØn¬ C°m-cy-ß-fmWv

s]cp -∂m -fns‚ bYm¿Y-amb

kt¥m-j-ßƒ Ic-ÿ-am-°p-∂-h-

cm -°p-∂-Xv. A√m-lp-hn -t\mSp

\Ωƒ bYm¿Yamb \μn ImWn-

°p-∂-h-cm-I-s´. Ah-t\m-Sp≈

Bcm-[-\-bpsS IS-a-Iƒ \nd-th-‰p-

∂-h-cm-I-s´. Ahs‚ Zmk-tcm-

Sp≈ IS-a-Ifpw \nd-th-‰p-∂-h-cm-

I-s´.

JpXzv_ Ym\nb°ptijw

Rm≥ ZpB sNøp∂XmWv.

bYm¿Yamb Bcm[\ \SØp∂

hcpw apAvan\pw krjvSn

ItfmSp≈ ISaIƒ \n¿hln°p

∂hcpw BbnØocm≥th≠n

\Ωƒ ZpB sNøp∂Xn -t\m -

sSm∏w CubnsS Nne ÿeß

fn¬ PamAØwKßƒ t\cn´p

sIm≠ncn°p∂ {]bm kßƒ

AIep∂Xn\pth≠nbpw ZpB

sNøpI. PamAØnbmb \ne

bn¬ {]bmkßfn¬ AIs∏ńcn

°p∂hcpsS {]bmkßƒ

A√mlp AI‰pamdmIs´. tI p

Ifn¬ AIs∏ńcn°p∂hcpsS

{]iv\ßƒ ]cnlcn°pamdmIs´.

B tIkp Ifn¬ \n∂v Ah¿°v

tamN\w e`n°pamdmIs´;

{]tXyIn®pw ]m°nkvXm\nepw

AƒPocnbbnepw XShnem°s∏´

h¿°p th≠n. A√mlp F{Xbpw

s]s´∂v AhcpsS tamN\Øn\p

≈ G¿∏mS v sNøpamdmIs´.

Bsc¶nepw h√ {]bmk Ønepw

AIs∏ń´ps≠¶n¬ A√mlp

AXv AI‰pamdmIs´.


teJ\w

sX‰mb Nph-Sp-Iƒ sh®v ]nt∂m-

´-Sn-°m-\p≈ km[y-X-Iƒ, icn-bm-

b NphSpsh°p∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ

IqSp-X¬ D≠m-bn-cns° Hmtcm

\nan-jhpw a\p-jy≥ F∂ e£y-

Øn\v t\sc \nc-¥cw apt∂-dp-

hm≥ Fßs\ ]cn-Wm-a-Øn\v

km[y-am-hp∂p? A]-cn-lm-cyamb

Cu ka-ky-°p≈ km[y-amb Hcp-

Øcw ag-bp≈ Hcp Znhkw Hcp

Ipń Xs‚ A≤ym -] -I -t\mS v

]d™ Hcp ap´p-Øcw t]mse-

hnNn-{Xam-Wv. Ah≥ ]nt∂m-´-Sn®v

kv°qfn-se-Øn- tN¿∂p-sh-∂m-bn-

cp∂p DØ-cw. Hcp Znhkw Ipń

kv°qfn¬ sshIn-sb-Øp-I-bp-

≠m-bn. A≤ym-]-I≥ Ipńsb

imkn-®-t∏mƒ Ah-s\mcp Hgnhp-

I-gnhv ]d-™p.. AXm-bXv ag

ImcWw tdmUv hfsc hgp-Xp-∂p-

≠m-bn-cp-∂p. kv°qfn-te-°p≈

hgn-bn¬ Hcp ASn-sh-°p-tºmƒ

c≠Sn ]nt∂m-t´°v sX∂n-am-dp-

∂Xp sIm≠mWv Xm≥ sshIn-sb-

Øn-b-sX-∂m-bn-cp∂p Ipń-bpsS

adp-]-Sn.

A≤ym -] -I≥ tZjy -

tØmsS tNmZn®p: Aß-s\-bm-

sW-¶n¬ \o Fßs\ kv°qfn-

seØn?

Ipń ]d™p: £an-°Ww

k¿, hfsc hn\oX kzc-Øn¬

Ipń ho≠pw XpS¿∂p: Rms\s‚

hoSns\ e£y-am-°n-bmWv \S-t°-

≠nbn-cp-∂-sX∂v Rm≥ ]n∂o-SmWv

a\- n-em-°n-b-Xv. Aßs\ Rm≥

\SØw Bcw-`n-®-t∏mƒ Hmtcm

ASn apt∂m´p sh°p-tºmgpw

c≠Sn ]nt∂m-´-Sn®v kv°qfns‚

`mK-tØ°v thK-Øn¬ h∂p.

Ah-km\w Fs‚ ]n≥`mKw

kv°qfns‚ aXnen¬ h∂n-Sn-®p.

Aßs\ ]nt∂m-´-Sn-®mWv Rm≥

thK-Øn¬ kv°qfn¬ FØn-

t®¿∂Xv!

bmZr-—n-I-X-bpsS ISm-£-

Øn-\mbn kI-eXpw hn´p sImSp-

Øm¬ Poh≥ A`n -ap -Jo -I -cn -

°p∂ {]tl-fnI {]kvXpX Ipń

]d™ DØ-c-tØ-°mƒ hnNn-{X-

ambXmbn-cn-°pw. bmZr-—n-I-X-bn¬

apt∂-dp∂ ]cn -Wmaw Hmtcm

NphSp apt∂m´p sh°p-tºmgpw

Nph-Sp-Iƒ ]nt∂m´v Bbn hgp-

Xn-bn-´p-≠m-hpw. Nne {]Ir-Xn-hm-Zn-

Iƒ hniz -kn -°p-∂Xv t]mse

Pohs‚ ]cn-Wm-a-Øn\v bmsXmcp

hn[ ap≥-Iq-ń-bp≈ Bkq-{X-W-

hp -an -s√-¶n¬ apt∂m-t´-°p≈

Nph-Sp-sh-∏ns‚ {]iv\hpw DZn-°p-

∂n√. BI-kvan-I-X, {kjvSm-hmbn

hcn -I -bm -sW-¶n¬ ]ns∂,

apt∂m´ v GXv hgn -°p≈

{]bmWw, F¥m-bn -c n°pw

AXns‚ Ah-km\w? F∂o

tNmZy-ßƒs°m∂pw DØ-c-ap-≠m-

hn-√. GXv Zni-bn-te°v thW-sa-

¶nepw BI-kvan -I-X°v NphSv

sh°mw. AXn -\m¬ Pohs‚

bm{X ]nd-tIm-´m-bmepw {]iv\-

Øn\v ]cn-lm-c-ap-≠m-hn-√. a\p-

jy≥, ]-cn-Wm-a-Øns‚ A¥n-a -e-

£y-ambn hcp-∂n-s√-¶n¬ Poh\v

bmZr—nIX kΩm\n®sX√mw

BsI Ipg™v adn™ Ah-ÿ-

bn¬ \jvS -s∏ -SpØntbs\.

AXmbXv bmZr-—n-I-X-bn¬ AXn\v

e`n® KpW-ß-sf√mw \mi-Øns‚

Ae-£y-amb Im‰n¬

XI¿∂SnbpIbpw sNøpw.

D¬]-cn -h¿Ø-\ (Muta-tion) Øn-eqsS B¿Pn® KpW-ß-

sf√mw as‰mcp ]ng® ]mX-bn-eqsS

NphS v sh®v \jvS -s∏ -Smw.

Cusbmcp bp‡nimkv{Xw

\ap°v IÆns‚ krjvSn -bn¬

Btcm-]n®v t\m°mw. AXm-bXv

A‘-amb D¬]-cn-h¿Ø-\-Øn\v,

Fß-s\-bmWv G‰hpw {]mY-an-Im-

h-ÿ-bn-ep≈ IÆv F∂ Ah-b-

hsØ t]mepw \n¿an-°p-∂-Xn¬

hnP-bn-°m≥ Ign-bpI? B IÆn-

\m-Is´ AXv ImWp∂ Imcy-ßƒ

Pohn]cnWmaw BIkvanItam?

lZvdØv an¿km Xmln¿ AlvaZv (dlv)

a\pjy\S°ap≈ PohnIfpsS ]cnWmaw C√mXmhp∂ tImSm\ptImSn

hn\miIcamb kμ¿`ßsf AXoPohn®mWv AhnIeamb

cq]{]IrXntbmsS a\pjy\S°ap≈ PohnIsf√mw ]cnWan®p≠mbXv. CXv

ssZhØns‚ Akq{XW ssh`hØns‚ G‰hpw henb ZrjvSm¥amWv.


]nd-In-ep≈ akvXn-jv-I-Øn-te°v

t{]jWw sNøm\pw km[n°p-

∂p. D¬]-cn -h¿Ø-\ -Ønt\m

As√-¶n¬ {Ita-W-bp≈ tImi

hnI-k-\-Ønt\m Ime-{I-a-Øn¬

Np‰p-]m-Sp≈ {Ia-c-ln-Xm-h-ÿsb

{Ia -s∏ - S p -Øp -∂ -X n - t\ -°mƒ

krjvSn-°-s∏-´ {Ia hyh-ÿ-bn¬

{Ia-cm -lnXyw D≠m-°m-\p≈

km[y-X-bmWv IqSp-X¬. BI-

kvan -IX aqew krjvSn -°-s∏´

D¬]-cn-h¿Ø\w Pohs‚ {Ia-

_≤-amb cq]-Ønepw LS-\-bnepw

Ahy-h-ÿbpw Bi-b-°p-g-∏-hp-

amWv krjvSn-°p-I. AXn\v IÆv,

sNhn, aq°v, hmb, \mhv AXns‚

kwth-Z\ apIp -f -ßƒ F∂o

Ah-b-h-ßfpsS ÿm\-ßƒ am‰n

adn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Ipd®v Xe-ap-d-

Iƒ sIm≠v Xe-bpsS ap≥h-i-

Øp≈ IÆv ]ndIv hi-tØ°v

am‰n-sb-∂n-cn-°pw. As√-¶n¬ AXv

hb-dn\v apI-fn-em-bn-cn-°pw. AXp-

a-s√-¶n¬ c≠v I£-Øn-em-bn-

c n°pw! BI-kvan -I -X -bpsS

ssIIsf B¿°mWv ]nSn®p

\ndpØm-≥ km[n-°pI? BI-kvan-

I-X-bpsS hnf-bm-´-Øn¬ sNhn

ImWm-\m-cw-`n-s®∂v hcmw. aq°v

kwkm-cn -°m\pw \mhv

tIƒ°m\pw IW-¶m-en¬ cpNn-

bpsS Bkzm-Z\ t`Z-ßƒ Adn-

bp∂ kwth-Z\ apIp-f-ß-fpw,

{LmtW-{μn-bhpw D≠m-sb∂pw

hcmw! ]e-hn -[-Øn-ep≈ arK-

ßfp≠mhmw. Ah-bn¬, Nne-sX-

¶nepw {]tXy-In-s®mcp Dt±-iy-e-

£y-hp-an-√msX CØ-c-Øn-ep≈

hne-£W {]Ir-Xn-bp-≈-Xm-bn-cn-

°mw. F∂m¬, {]Ir-Xn-bn¬ \mw

sNhn -bp -tSbpw IÆn -t‚bpw

km[m-cW ÿm\-ßƒ amdn-b-

Xmbn I≠m¬ AXv Ft∏mgpw

t_m[-]q¿hw kw`-hn-®-Xm-bn-cn-

°pw. B arK-Øn\v AXv tZmj-

tØ-°m-tfsd KpW--am-bn-cn°pw.

]t£, CsX√mw H‰-s∏´ kw`-h-

ß-fm-Wv. e£-°-W-°n\v Pohn-

h¿K-ßsf cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ B

\nbaw km¿h-{Xn-I-amb Hcp cq]-

I¬]-\-bmWv D≠m°nsb-Sp-Øn-́ p-

≈Xv. BI-kvan-I-X-bmWv Cu cq-

]-I¬]\ \n¿hln-°p-∂-sX-¶n¬

AXv hn`n∂ coXn-bn-em-bn-cn°pw

kw`-hn-°p-I. Ip™p-ßƒ P\n-

°p-∂Xv P∑-PmX sshI-ey-ß-tfm-

sS-bm-bn-cn-°pw. AsXm-cn-°epw

Ah-bpsS KpW-Øn\v th≠n-bm-

bn-cn-°n-√. BI-kvan-I-X-bpsS Ifn

BI-kvanIw Xs∂-bmsW∂v

BcmWv Adn-bp-∂Xv?

IÆns\ cq]-s∏-Sp -Ønb

]cn -Wma {]{Inb Kl-\-amb

]T\w Bh-iy-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp hnj-

b-am-Wv. arK-ß-fpsS F√m Ah-

b-h-ß-fp-tSbpw ]cn-Wmaw ]cn-anX

temI-Øns‚ D]-tbm-K-Øn-\-\p-

k-cn®v k¶o¿Whpw AtX-k-abw

]q¿W-hp-am-Wv. Ah Bg-Øn¬

hni-I-e\w sNø-s∏-tS-≠-Xp-≠v.

{Inbm-fl-I-amb ]cn-Wma

{]{In-b-bpsS ̂ e-am-bp-≠mb ]cn-

]q¿W-amb Ahbh kwhn-[m-\-

sØ-°p-dn®v {]tXy -In®v Hcp

A≤ym-b-Øn¬ N¿® sNøm-\p-t±-

in-°p-∂p. IÆv F∂ Ah-b-h-am-

bn-cn°pw AXn¬ apJy-ambpw

N¿® sNø-s∏-Sp-I.

\n¿`m-Ky-I-c-sa∂v ]d-bs´,

{]IrXn hmZn-Iƒ Pohn-I-fpsS

kwth-Z-\m-b-h-ß-tf-°mƒ (Sen-sory Organs) -Iq -Sp -X -embn

AXns‚ cq] LS-\ -°mWv

Du∂¬ sImSp -°p -∂-Xv . ]cn -

Wmat{iWn-bpsS AXn-_r-l-

Ømb \n¿amW ]≤-Xn -bn¬

ImWm-hp∂ AXyp -∂-X -amb

t_m[m-fl-I-Xbpw Pm{K-Xm -h-

ÿbpw AXp-ey-am-Wv. CXp-ambn

Xmc-Xayw sNøp-tºmƒ \n›nX

Zni-bn¬ am{Xw kw`-hn® cq]-L-

S-\-bpsS hnj-b-Øn\v bmsXmcp

{]m[m-\y-hp-an-√.. BXy-¥n-I-ambn

Poh≥ F∂m¬ F¥mWv? AXv

Pm{K-Xm-h-ÿ-bmWv. AXm-bXv

ac -W-Øns‚ Pm{K -X -bn -

√mbvas°Xn-sc-bp≈ Pm{K-Xm-h-

ÿ-b-√m-sX, Poh≥ as‰m∂p-a-√.

\mS-Io-b-amb A¤p-X-ßƒ

kw`-hn-°p-∂Xv tImi-X-e-Øn-

ep≈ ]cn -h¿Ø-\ -ß-fntem

t{]mó≥ Xe-Ønse X≥am-{X-I-

fpsS k¶o¿WX-I-fntem A√.

Pothm -¤-h -Ønse bYm¿Y

A¤pXw arXyp-hn¬ eo\-am-bn-°n-

S∂ {]]© N{I-hm-f-Øn¬ kw`-

hn® t_m[-Øns‚ s]mSp-∂-s\-

bp-≠mb DW¿®-bm-Wv. AXv kw -̀

hn-®-Xn¬ ]ns∂ _e-lo-\-X-bn¬

\n∂v {]_-e-X-bn-te°pw H‰-bn¬

\n∂v sshhn-[y-ß-fn-te-°pap≈

{]bmWw XpS-cp-I-bm-bn-cp -∂p.

bmZr -—n -I-ambn kw`-hn -°p∂

cq]LS-\-bnse hyXn-bm-\-ßƒ

X nc - s™-S p -° - s∏ - S p -∂ -X p w

AXns\ h¿Ko-I-cn®p \ndpØp-

∂Xpw {]IrXn \n¿[m-c-W-amWv

F∂ Um¿ho-\n -b≥ k¶¬]-

Øn¬ Hcmƒ AI-s∏-´m¬ ]ns∂

]cn-Wm-a-Øns‚ A¿Yw F¥m-

bmZr-—n-I-X-bn¬ apt∂-dp∂ ]cn-Wmaw Hmtcm NphSp

apt∂m´p sh°p-tºmgpw Nph-Sp-Iƒ ]nt∂m v́ Bbn hgp-

Xn-bn-´p-≠m-hpw. Nne {]Ir-Xn-hm-Zn-Iƒ hniz-kn-°p-∂Xv

t]mse Pohs‚ ]cn-Wm-a-Øn\v bmsXmcp hn[ ap≥-Iq-́ n-

bp≈ Bkq-{X-W-hp-an-s√-¶n¬ apt∂m-t -́°p≈ Nph-Sp-sh-

∏ns‚ {]iv\hpw DZn-°p-∂n√. BI-kvan-I-X, {kjvSm-hmbn

hcn-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ ]ns∂, apt∂m´v GXv hgn-°p≈

{]bmWw, F¥m-bn-cn°pw AXns‚ Ah-km\w? F∂o

tNmZy-ßƒs°m∂pw DØ-c-ap-≠m-hn-√. GXv Zni-bn-te°v

thW-sa-¶nepw BI-kvan-I-X°v NphSv sh°mw.


sW∂v {Kln-°m≥ km[y-a-√.

Ign™ tImSn -°-W-°n\v

h¿jsØ Pohs‚ A]-I-S-I-c-

amb {]bm-W-Øn-s\m-Sp-hn¬ cq]w

sIm≠ A©v kwth-Z-t\-{μn-b-

ßsf∏‰n \√Xv t]mse a\- n-em-

°n-bm¬ am{Xta ]cn-Wm-a-Øns‚

A¿Yw {Kln-°m≥ km[y-am-Iq.

a\p -jy≥ FØn-t®¿∂

]cn-Wm-a-t{i-Wn-bnse ÿm\Øv

\n∂v Ahs‚ Xmsgbpw ]nd -

sIbpw D≈-sX-¥m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v

t\m°n -°m -Wm -h p -∂ -Xm -W v .

At∏mƒ am{Xta Ah\v Pohs‚

A¿Yw F¥m-sW∂pw ]cn-Wm-a-

Øns‚ A¿Y-sa -¥m -sW∂pw

Aev]mev]ambpw ]Xps° ]Xp-

s°bmbpw a\- n-em-°m≥ km[n-

°q. a\p-jy\v Hcn-°-ep-≠mb

]t©-{μnbw {ItaW ]cn-Wma

hoYn-bn-eqsS hf¿∂p hcn-I-bm-

Wp-≠m-b-Xv . ]cn -Wm-a -Øns‚

XØzhpw Dt± -iyhpw Xo¿®-

bmbpw ]t©-{μn -b -ß-fpsS

krjvSnbpw AXns‚ {]h¿-Ø-\-

hp -am -Ip -∂p. ]t©-{μnbßƒ,

AXn-tem-tcm∂pw krjvSn ssh`-

h-Øns‚ alXz ]q¿W-amb \n¿an-

Xn-I-fm-Wv. AXn-\n-]p-W-X-tbmsS

aln-X-amb \ne-bn¬ \n¿h-ln-°-

s∏´ cq]-I¬]-\bpw cayat\m-l-

c-amb coXn-bn¬ GtIm-]n-∏n-°-

s∏´ AXns‚ tI{μob {]h¿Ø-

\hpw AXn\v km£y-am-Wv. ]cn-

Wm-a-Øns‚ ê-ßsf tIhew

aq∂v kt¶-X-ß-fn¬ kam-l-cn®p

sIm≠v hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ ]d-™-

Xn¬ A¤p-X-s∏-Sm-\n-√. AXm-bXv

tIƒhn, ImgvN, {KlWw F∂nh-

bpsS krjvSn∏pw AXns‚ ]cn-

]q¿Øo-I-cWhpamWh. Jp¿-

B≥ ]d-bp-∂p.

\nßƒ°v H∂pw

Adn™p IqSmØ Ah-

ÿ-bn¬ A√mlp \nß-

sf, \nß-fpsS amXm-°-

fpsS DZ-c-Øn¬ \n∂v

]pdØv sIm≠p h∂p.

Ah≥ \nßƒ°v sNhn-

I-fpw IÆp-Ifpw lrZ-b-

ßfpw D≠m-°n -Ø-cn -

Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p.

\nßƒ IrX-⁄X

ImWn-°m≥ th≠n.

\ap°v N¿®-bpsS apJy

{]ta-b-Øn-te°v Xs∂ aS-ßmw.

BI-kvan-I-amb D¬]-cn-h¿Ø-\-

ßƒ Gtdbpw icn-tb-°mƒ IqSp-

X¬ sX‰n-te-°m-bn-cn°pw \oßpI

F∂-Xn¬Xs∂ Du∂¬ \¬I-s´.

Pohs‚ KpW-\n -e -hm -c -ap -

b¿Øm≥ {]Ir-Xn-bpsS Xnc-s™-

Sp-∏n\v bmsXm∂pw sNøm-\p≈

Ah-k-c -an -√. ]t£, Pohn -X -

Øns‚ cwK-th-Zn-bn¬ ]cn-Wm-a-

Øns‚ hnime Zriy-]-Y-Øn¬

\mw \nco-£n-°p-∂Xv C°mcyw

am{X-a-√.

hkvXpX IqSp-X¬ shfn-s∏-Sp-

Øm≥ th≠n \ΩpsS ZrjvSn

B¿ńIv Bhm-k-ta-J-e-bn-te°v

Xncn -°mw. {]IrXn imkv{X -

⁄≥am¿ a\- n-em-°nb im-co-

cnI ]cn-Wm-a-Øns‚ hn⁄m-\-

ßƒ {[ph-°-c-Sn-bptSbpw (PolarBear) D-Øc {[ph Ipdp-°-t‚-

bpw(Artic Fox) Im-cy-Øn¬ \ap-

s°m∂v ]cn-tim-[n®p t\m°mw.

{[ph-°-c-Sn-bpsS BIr-Xn, Xhn´p

\nd-Ønepw Idp∏v \nd-Ønepw

ImW-s∏-Sp∂ Ic-Sn-bn¬ \n∂v

hn`n-∂-am-Wv. {[ph-°-c-Sn -bpsS

]n≥Im-ep -Iƒ ap≥Im-ep -I-sf-

°mƒ \of -ap≈XmWv. AXp -

sIm≠v AXn\v Ccsb ]nSn-°m≥

th≠n thK-Øn-tem-Sm≥ Ign-bpw.

AtX-k-abw AXns‚ Zo¿L-amb

I-gpØv \o¥m≥ ]‰nb hg-°-

ap≈ Hcp LS\ \¬Ip-Ibpw

sNøp-∂p. a‰p Ic-Sn-Ifpw \o¥m-

dp-≠v. ]t£, {[ph-°-c-Sn-Iƒ°v,

Xmc-X-tay\ IqSp-X¬ thK-Øn¬

\o¥m≥ km[n-°pw. Ah°v IqSp-

X¬ Zqcw Xm≠m\pw km[y-am-hpw.

DØc {[ph-Ønse ]cn-Xxÿn-Xn-

bn¬ Ah-bpsS \ne-\n¬∏n\v

CØcw imco-cnI KpW-ß-fpsS

Bh-iy-ap-≠v.

{[ph-°-c-Sn°v GI-tZiw

800 In.{Kmw `mchpw 3 ao‰¿ \of-

hp-ap -≠m-hpw. AXns‚ ico-c -

Øns‚ hep∏w XWp-∏n-s\-Xn-sc-

bp≈ Hcp c£bpw AsXm-sSm∏w

Xs∂ Cc-tX-Sp -hm\pw Ccsb

sIm√m -\p -ap≈ A\p -Iqe

LSIhpw IqSn-bm-Wv. bmZr-—n-I-

sa∂v ]d-bs´ {[ph-°-c-Sn°v ]nd-

°p∂ Ip™p-ßƒ hnkva-b-I-

camw hn[w sNdp-Xm-Wv. AXns‚

Xq°w 500 {Kmw am{X -am -Wv .

a\pjy inip-hns‚ `mc-Ønse

sNdnb Hcwiw am{Xw. AXns‚

IdpØ sXmen shfpØ tcma-

Øm¬ Bhr -X -am -bn -c n -°pw.

Aßs\ h¿jw apgp -h≥

{]IrXn AXns‚ bYm¿∞ \ndw

Hf n -∏ n -°p -∂p (Camouflage).th\en¬ AXv Hcp a™ h¿W

∏I¿®-bn -te°v A¬]-Im -e -

tØ°v amdpw. Dcp-Ip∂ a™ns‚

\nd-hp-ambn AXn\v \√ kmayX

ssIh-cp-∂p. {[ph-°-c-Sn-bpsS CS-

Xq¿∂ tcmahpw Akm-[m-c-W-

amb coXn-bn-ep≈ sXmen-°-Sn-

bnse sImgp∏pw AXns‚ Bhm-

k- ÿ-esØ ac-hn-∏n-°p∂ XWp-

∏n¬ \n∂v c£-\¬Ip-∂p. {[ph-

°-c-Sn-bpsS Cu sImgp∏v hfsc

{][m-\-s∏-´-Xm-Wv. ImcWw {[ph-

°-cSn \o¥p-tºmƒ AXns‚ CS-

Xq¿∂ tcma-Øn¬ XWp-∏ns\

{]Xn -tcm -[n -°m≥ hmbp -hn\ v

\n¬°m≥ km[y-a-√. tcmaw DW-

ßn-bm¬ shfpØ tcmaw kqcy-

\n¬ \n∂p≈ NqSv kzoI-cn®v AXv

Ic -S nbpsS ico -c -Øn -te°v

{]kcn∏n°p∂p. tcmaØns‚

D≈v s]m≈-bmWv. kqcy-\n¬\n∂v

hcp∂ Aƒ-{Sm-h-b-e‰v civan-Iƒ

tcma-Øn-eqsS IS∂v hcn-Ibpw

Ic-Sn-bpsS IdpØ sXmen AXv

BKn-cWw sNøp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

{[ph-°-c-Sn-bpsS as‰mcp

{]tXy-IX AXns‚ Im¬ ]m-Z-ß-

fpsS Akm-[m-cW hep∏-am-Wv.

AXv hfsc ]c-∂-Xm-Wv. Iq¿Ø

\J-ß-fp-ap-≠v. Cc-Isf ISn®v


Iodm\pw sFkn¬ ]nSnØw In´p-

∂-Xn\pw th≠n-bmWv CXv D]-

tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv. AXns‚ D≈w

Imepw ico -c -sØ-t]mse

shfpØ tcma-Øm¬ Bhr-X-am-

Wv. CXv AXn\v lna-{]-X-e-Øn¬

\√ ]nSnØ-Øn\v klm-b-I-c-am-

hp-Ibpw XWp-∏n¬ \n∂v kwc-

£Ww \¬Ip-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

A¤p-X-I-c-am-bn-´p-≈Xv {[ph-°-c-

Sn°v Dd® Hcp {]X-e-Øn¬ \mb

HmSp∂ AtX thK-Øn¬ a™n-

eqsS HmSm≥ km[n -°pw

F∂XmWv. {[ph- {] -tZ -isØ

XWp-∏p -Im -esØ Zo¿L-amb

cm{Xn-I-fn¬ Xpd- mb Pe-kw-`-c-

Wn-I-fn¬ FØn-t®-cm≥ {]bm-k-

amWv. AhnsS Xs‚ `£-W-amb

IS¬ \mbv°ƒ (Seals) -D-≠mhpw.

{[ph-°-c-Sn-bpsS Akm-am-\y-amb

{LmW-i-‡n°v \μn-]-d -bp -I.

Ccp´v AXn-s\mcp {]iv\ta A√.

20 Intem-ao -‰¿ AIse sh®v

t]mepw IS¬ \mb-bpsS amwk-

tam, Agp-Inb amwktam AXn\v

Xncn-®-dn-bm-\mhpw F∂m-Wv {]IrXn

imkv{X-⁄≥am¿ ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

AXns‚ ImgvN-i-‡nbpw {LmW-

i-‡n°v tN¿∂Xv Xs∂! at‰Xv Ic-

Sn-I-tf-°mfpw AXnXo£vW-am-WXv.

]I¬ka-bØv hfsc ZqcØv

\n∂v Xs∂ AXn\v IS¬

\mbv°sf Is≠-Øm-\m-hpw. IS¬

\mbsb Is≠-Øn-°-gn-™m¬

A¤p-X-I-c -amb £atbmsS

]Xpßn ]Xpßn sN√pw. icocw

a™n¬ ]c-Øn-sh®v Cg-™mWv

AXv IS¬\m-bv°ƒ°-cnsI

t]mIp-I. ap≥Im¬ aS°n sh®v

]n≥Im¬ sIm≠v \nc-ßn-bm-Wv

\oßp-I. Ccsb I_-fn-∏n-°m≥

]cn-k-c-Øn-s\mØv thjw amdm≥

(Camouflage) ka¿Y-\mWv {[ph-

°-c-Sn. Nne-t∏mƒ AXns‚ IdpØ

aq°pw tam¥bpw ]pdØv ImWm-

Xn-cn-°m≥ sNdnb Hcp a™v Iq\

apºn¬ X≈ns°m-≠m-bn-cn°pw

hcn-I. As√-¶n¬ Xncn-®-dn-bm-Xn-cn-

°m≥ Xs‚ ap≥]m-Z-Øns‚ sh≈

]Øn-sIm≠v IdpØ aq°v

s]mØn-bm-bn-cn°pw k©-cn-°p-I.

{[ph-°-cSn an°-k-a-bhpw

sh≈-Øn-em-bn-cn-°pw. Cusbmcp

kml-N-cy-Øn\v A\p-Iq-e-amb Nne

LS-I-ßƒ AXn-\p-≠v. sFkn\v

aosX IS¬ \mbv°sf th -́bm-Sm≥

]Xpßn k©-cn-°p-tºmƒ D]-tbm-

Kn-°p∂ Ah-bhw t\¿hn-]-co-X-am-

bmWv \o¥p-hm≥ th≠n D]-tbm-

Kn-°p-∂-Xv. \o¥p-tºmƒ ]n≥Im-ep-

Iƒ ]¶m-b-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.

apt∂m´v X≈m≥ ap≥Im-ep-Ifpw

D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p. {[ph-°-c-Sn-bpsS

Akm-[m-c-W-amb hep∏-Øn\v

]pdsa as‰mcp {]tXy -IX

AXns‚ ap≥Im -ep -Iƒ N¿a

]mfn-IƒsIm≠v _‘n-®n-´p≠v

F∂-XmWv . lnam -hr -X -amb

B¿ńIv {[ph-Ønse Bhm-k-hy-

h-ÿ-bn¬ Pohn-°m-\-\p-tbm-Py-

amb AXns‚ as‰mcp {]tXy-IX

IÆp-Iƒ Xpd∂v sh®pw aq°p-Iƒ

AS-®p-]n-Sn®pw sh≈-Øn-eqsS

\o¥m-\p≈ Ign -hmWv. Nne

imkv{X-⁄≥am¿ {[ph-°-c-Sn -

bpsS A\ym-Zr-i-amb Cu KpW-

ßƒ hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ hnap-

J-cm-bn-s°m≠v Ah ]cn-Wm-a-

Øns‚ D¬]-∂-am-sW∂v Hgp-°-

≥ ań¬ efn-X-ambn ]d-bp-I-bmWv

sNøp-∂-Xv. a‰p {]IrXn imkv{X-

⁄≥amsc C°mcyw Hm¿an-∏n-

®m¬ Ah-cpsS adp-]-Sn, {[ph-°-

c-Snsb a‰p Ic-Sn-I-fpsS IpSpw-_-

Øn¬ \n∂v th¿Xn -c n®p

\ndpØp∂ {]tXy-I-X-Iƒ cq]-

s∏-Sm≥ tImSn-°-W-°n\v h¿j-sa-

Sp-Øn-´p-s≠-∂m-Wv.

{[ph-{]-tZ-isØ Imem-h-

ÿ-tbmSp CW-ßn-t®-cm-\p≈

A\p-Iq-e-\-ßƒ B¿Pn-®-Xn¬

B¿ń-°v Ip-dp°-\pw(Artic Fox) -h-

f-sc-sbm∂pw ]n∂n-e-√. CS-Xnßn

hf-cp∂ shfpØ tcmaw XWp∏v

ImeØv AXn\v NqSp -\¬Ip -

Ibpw ]cn-ÿn-Xn-°-\p-tbm-Py-amb

thj-∏-I¿®-bn¬ Hfn-®n-cn-°m≥

klm-bn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. a‰p

ÿe-ß-fn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp∂ Ipdp-

°≥am-cpsS sNhnsb At]-£n®v

{[ph-°p-dp-°s‚ tcmam-hr-Xamb

sNhn-bn-eqsS Ipd®v NqSv am{Xta

\jvS-s∏-Sq. a‰p Ipdp-°≥am-cp-

ambn {[ph-°p-dp-°s\ Xmc-Xayw

sNøp-tºmƒ {[ph-°p-dp-°s‚

apJhpw Imepw sNdp -Xm -Wv .

AXpw NqSp \jvS-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°m≥

klm-bn-°p∂ A\p-Iq-e-\-ß-fm-

Wv . {[ph -°-c -S n -sb -t∏mse

B¿ńIv Ipdp-°-t‚bpw Im¬]-

Øn Iotg tcmam -hr -X -am -Wv .

ISpØ XWp-∏n¬ \n∂v c£

\¬Im≥ CXv DØ-a-amb Hcp D]m-

[n-bm-Wv. Im¬]m-Z-ßƒ°-Sn-bnse

tcma-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬, {[ph

{]tZ-isØ Ipdp-°s‚ ]¶mfn

acp-`q-an-bnse Ipdp-°-\m-Wv. acp-

`q-an-bnse Ipdp-°\v tcma-Øns‚

Bhiyw ISpØ NqSn¬ \n∂v

c£ t\Sm -\m -sW∂v hy‡w.

sh≈ {[ph-°p-dp-°s\ a™n¬

\n∂v th¿Xn-cn-®-dn-bm≥ hnj-a-am-

Wv. a‰p ÿe-ß-fn¬ AXns‚

shfpØ tcmaw Hcp {]Xn-Iqe

LS-I-am -Wv. DZm -l-c -W-Øn\v

a™v Ipd™ B¿ńIv kap-{Z-

tØmS v tN¿∂ Xoc -ß-fnepw

Z z o]p -I -f n -e p - a p≈ Ipdp -

°≥am¿°v Ahsc \ndw sIm≠v

Hfn -°m≥ a‰p h¿W-ß-fmWv

Bh-iyw. \oe-I-e¿∂ Xhn´v \nd-

amWv AhnsS ]‰nb \ndw. B

\ndw Xs∂ Ahn-SpsØ Ipdp-

°s‚ \ndhpambn-amdnbn-cn-°p-

∂p.

Pohn-I-fpsS D¤-h-Øn¬

{]Ir-Xn-bpsS Xnc-s™-Sp-∏ns‚

]s¶-¥mWv? {]m[m -

\ya¿ln°p∂ Cu tNmZy-Øn-

te°v Xs∂ Cu {]iv\w \sΩ

\bn°p∂p. {[ph -°-c -S n°v

B¿ń°v Imem-h-ÿ-sb AXn-Po-

hn-°m≥ th≠n CØ-c-Øn-ep≈

A\p-Iq -e-\-ßƒ B¿Pn-s®-Sp -

°m≥ Zi-e-£-°-W-°n\v h¿j-

ßƒ FSp-Øn-´p-s≠-¶n¬ AtX

ka-b-Øns‚ Af-hp-tIm¬ Ipdp-

°\pw _m[-I-am-Wv. AXn¬ ]£-


t`Zw ]mSn√. AXn-Po-h-\-Øn\v

th≠n Xß-fpsS ico-c -Øn¬

Ahiyw th≠p∂ am‰-ßƒ hcp-

Øp-∂-Xn\v aptº Ipdp-°-t‚bpw

Ic-Sn-bp-tSbpw F{X-X-e-ap-d-Ifm-bn-

c n°pw \in -®n -c n -°pI F∂

tNmZyw ChnsS Db¿∂p hcp-∂p.

{[ph-{]-tZ-isØ Imem-h-

ÿ-bp -ambn s]mcp -Ø-s∏´p

t]mIm≥ klm-bn-°p∂ CØ-c-

Øn-ep≈ bmsXmcp A\p-Iqe

KpW-ß-fp-an-√msX Zi-e-£-°-W-

°n\v h¿j-ßƒ Ah-bv°v AXn-

Po-hn-°m≥ Ign-™n-´p-s≠-¶n¬,

]ns∂ A\p -Iq -e -\ß-fpsS

Bhiyw Xs∂ Fhn-sS-bm-bn-

cp∂p? B¿ńIv {]tZisØ

IcSnbnepw Ipdp°\nepw

hcpØnb am‰ßƒ {]IrXn

\n¿Z v[mcWØn\v ÿncoIcn

°m≥ P\nXI am‰Ønt‚bpw

D¬]cnh¿Ø\Ønt‚bpw C{X

Zo¿LImesØ tImemleßƒ

]ns∂sb¥n\mbncp∂p?

as‰mcp Imcyw, temI-sØ-

hn-sSbpw ImW-s∏-Sp∂ km[m-

cW Ic-Sn-I-tfbpw Ipdp-°≥am-

tcbpw B¿ńIv {]tZ-i-tØ°v

Ct∏mƒ X≈n-hn-´p-sh-∂n-cn-°s´,

B {]tZ-iØv \n∂v B¿ńIv Ipdp-

°-t\bpw {[ph-°-c-Sn -tbbpw

]n≥h-en-°p-Ibpw sNømw. tNmZy-

an-XmWv, \njvIm-kn-XcmhmsX Xe-

ap-d-X-e-ap-d-I-tfmfw Ah¿°v Cu

{]Xn-Iqe Imem-h-ÿsb AXn-Po-

hn -°m -\p≈ Ah-k-c -ap -≠m -

Iptam? Pohn h¿K-ßƒ°v AXn-

Po-hn -°m≥ Ignbpw F∂ Dd-

t∏msS Ah¿°v AXn-Po-hn-°m≥

Ign-s™-¶n¬ {[ph-°-c-Sn-bpsS

]cn-Wma {]{Inb A\m-h-iy-amb

H∂mbn IW-°m-°-s∏-Sm-hp-∂-Xm-

Wv. AXp-t]mse AXns‚ ico-c-

L-S-\-bn-ep-≠mb am‰w \nc¿Y-I-

amb H∂mbpw IW-°m-°-s∏-Spw.

\ap°v Cu hnj-bsØ

hyXy-kvX-amb as‰mcp ho£-W-

tIm-Wn-eqsS t\m°mw. DØc

{[ph-{]-tZ -i-Øp-≈Xv t]mse

XnI®pw {]Xn-Iq-e-amb ]cn-ÿnXn

t]mepw tImi-ß-fnse ssPh-c-k-

X-{¥-L-S-\°v aXn-bmb am‰-ßƒ

hcp-Øm≥ Imc-W-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂n-

√. kz`mh am‰-ßƒ°v Imc-W-am-

hp∂ Po\p-I-fn¬ {Ita-W-bp-

≈tXm D¬]-cn-h¿Ø-\m-fl-Itam

Bb {]I-S-amb ]cn-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

k¶¬]n-°m≥ km[y-a-√. C∂v

B¿SnIv {[ph-Øn¬ ImW-s∏-

Sp∂ Ic-Sn°pw Ipdp-°-\p-ap≈

IdpØ sXmen-bnse sh≈ tcma-

ßƒ, sNdnb ap≥Im-ep -Iƒ,

henb ]n≥Im-ep-Iƒ, sNdnb h´

sNhn -Iƒ, AXn -Xo -£vW-amb

{LmW-i-‡nbpw ImgvN-i-‡nbpw,

Im¬]-Øn-°-Sn-bnse CS-Xq¿∂

tcma-ßƒ, ]cn-ÿn-Xn-bpsS am‰-

ßƒ°-\p-k-cn-®p≈ h¿Æ-am-‰-

ßƒ, sXmen-°p-≈nse AS-e-I-fm-

bp≈ sImgp∏v ]mfn-Iƒ apX-em-

b-h-sbm∂pw {[ph-°-c -Snbpw

B¿ń°v Ipdp-°\pw Pohn-°p∂

Bhmk hyh-ÿ-bnse Imem-h-

ÿ-bpsS kzm[o\w sIm≠p-

≠mb {Iao-I-c-Wßf√. BI-

kvan-I-X-bmWv Cu am‰-ß-fp-≠m-

°p-∂-sX-¶n¬ tImi-Ønse cmk-

L-S-\-bn¬ {]tXy-I-ambpw A‘-

am -bp -ap≈ ]cn -h¿Ø-\ -ßƒ

XpS¿∂pw hcpØn sIm≠n-cn-°-

Ww. AXm-bXv ]pXnb kz`m-h-io-

e-ßƒ D≠m-°n-s°m≠v arK-

Øns‚ ico-c-L-S-\-bn¬ \m\m-hn-

[-Øn-ep≈ hyXn-bm-\-ßƒ hcp-

Ønbpw BI-kvan-I-X-bpsS Ifn

XpS-tc-≠-Xp-≠v.

\nc-h[n km[y-X-I-fn¬ -

\n∂v DNn-X-amb H∂v Xncs™Sp-

°m≥ {]IrXn \n¿Zv[m-c-W-Øn\v

AXy¥w aμ-K-Xn-bn-ep≈ am‰-

ßƒ°mbn ImtXm¿°-Ww.

F∂m¬ tImi-Ønse cmk-L-S-

\-bn¬ bmZr-—nI am‰w hcp-Øn-

bm¬ tcma-Øns‚ IdpØ \ndw

sh≈-bmbn s]s´∂v am‰m≥

km[n-°pw. Aßs\ shfpØ

Iń-tcmaw apI-fn¬ hcm-hp∂

coXn-bnem-°p-Ibpw sNømw. Cu

am‰-ßƒ F¥p-sIm≠v Idp-∏n¬

\n∂v \oe-bmbn amdp-∂n-√. As√-

¶n¬ Idp-∏n¬ \n∂v {Inwk¨

h¿W-amtbm, hb-e-‰n¬ \n∂v ]®-

bmtbm ISpØ a™ \nd-Øn¬

\n∂v Ip¶p-a-amtbm amdp-∂n-√.

Fß-s\-bmWv tImi ck-X{¥w

B¿ńIv {[ph-Ønse Imem-h-

ÿ°v tbmPn® \ndw sh≈-bm-

sW∂v Xncn-®-dn-™Xv? tcma-Øn-

\-Sn-bnse sXmen Idp-∏m-bn-Øs∂

\n¬°p∂ Imcyw tImi-c -k-

X{¥w a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn¬ ]cm-P-

b-s∏-́ Xv F¥p-sIm-≠mWv? tImi-

Øn¬ \S∂ Cu ]cn-h¿Ø-\-

ßƒ sXmensb AtX-]Sn

hn´psIm≠v tcma-Øns‚ \ndw

am{Xw am‰n-bXv F¥p-sIm-≠mWv?

Xo¿®-bmbpw IdpØ sXmen-

bnse shfpØ tcma-ßƒ Hcp

\ho\ Bibw Xs∂! {[ph-

Ønse Ic-Sn-bp-tSbpw Ipdp-°-

t‚bpw Hmtcm {]tXy -I -X -

Isf°pdn®pw ChnsS {]Xn-]m-Zn-

®t√m? CXv IqSmsX Cu Pohn-

Iƒ°mbn BI-kvan-IX \nc-h[n

a‰p km[y-X-Ifpw krjvSn-t°--≠Xv

Bh-iy-am-Wv.

Pohn-I-fpsS ]cn-Wm-asØ

kw_-‘n® Um¿ho -\n -b≥

kn≤m¥ {]Imcw Hcmƒ {]Xo-£n-

t°-≠Xv {]Ir-Xn-bpsS Xnc-s™-

Sp∏v Bcw-̀ n-°p-∂-Xn\v aptº BI-

kvan-IX h∂v Hcp-]mSv {]tXy-I-

X-I-fp≈ hnhn-[-ß-fmb {[ph-°-

c-Sn-I-tfbpw Ipdp-°≥am-tcbpw

krjvS n -® n -c n -° -W -sa -∂m -W v .

B¿ńIv taJ-e-bnse t^mkn¬

sXfn-hp-Iƒ BI-kvan-I-X-bpsS

krjvSn-I-fmb sNa∂ Ic-Sn, \oe-

°-c-Sn, Ip¶p-a-°-cSn apXemb Ic-

Sn -I-fpsS krjvSn -∏ns\ kw_-

‘n® km[y-X-Iƒ ÿnco-I-cn-t°-

≠-Xm-Wv. ]t£, {[ph-°-c-Sn-bpsS

Imcy-Øn¬ ]cn-Wm-a-hmZw Cu

h¿Wssh-hn-≤y-ßƒ°n-S-bn¬

D≠m-th-≠ a’-c -Øns\∏‰n -

sbm∂pw ]d-bp-∂n-√. Ah¿°v


h¿Wm-‘X _m[n®ncn-°p-∂p.

AXn\v sh≈-bmtWm Idp -

∏mtWm F∂v am{Xw Xncn-®dn-bm-

\p≈ Ign-th-bp-≈q. AXn-ep-]-cn-

bmbn Ic-Sn-Iƒ ]e hep-∏-Ønepw

cq]-Ønepw D≠m-th≠-Xp-≠v.

hfsc sNdnb {[ph-°-c-Sn-I-fpw,

òa-∑m-cmb {[ph-°-c-Sn-I-fpw, AXn-

ò-a≥amcpw a≤y `mc-ap-≈-h-bpw,

sNdnb ̀ mc-ap-≈-h-bpw, ]d-h-bpsS

`mc-ap-≈-hbpw Xqh¬ ̀ mc-ap-≈-h-

bp-ap-≠m-I-Ww. NneXv \of-ap≈

ap≥Im-ep-I-tfmSpw Ipdnb ]n≥Im-

ep-I-tfmSpw P\n-°Ww. Nne-Xn\v

Ipd-™-Im-gvNbpw ]cn-an-X-amb

{LmW-i-‡n-bp-ap-≠m-th-≠-Xp-≠v.

F¥p-sIm-≠m-Wv krjvSn-bpsS LS-

I-ßƒ, Ah GsXms° Xs∂-bm-

bmepw {[ph{]-tZisØ Bhmk

hyh-ÿ-bn¬ Htc-sbmcp km[y-X

am{Xw k÷o-I-cn®p sIm≠v

{]IrXn \n¿Zv[m-c-WsØ DZm-ko-\-

ambn Ccn-°m≥ A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂Xv?

Nne {[ph-°-c-Sn-Iƒ IS¬

\mb-bpsS amwk-tØmSv XnI®pw

CjvS-t°-tSm-Sp-IqSn BI-kvan-I-

ambn P\n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. F{X-tØm-

f-sa-∂m¬ AXns‚ amwkw Hcp

IjWw Xn∂p -∂-Xn -t\ -°mƒ

]ńWn InS∂v NmIp-∂-b{X CjvS-

t°Sv IS¬ \mb-bpsS amwk-

tØm-Sp-≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. AXns‚

ImgvN t]mepw aWn-°q-dp-I-tfmfw

Hm°m-\hpw O¿±n-bpap-≠m-°p∂

A\p-`-h-am-bn-cn-°-Ww {[ph-°-c-Sn-

°p-≠m-tI-≠-Xv. Ah-bn¬ NneXv

sNdnb tXmXn¬ \o¥¬ °mcpw

Hm´-°m-cp-ambnØo¿∂p F∂p-h-

∂m¬ AXn¬ A¤p-X-s∏-tS-≠-Xn-

√.

Aß-s\-bm-sW-¶n¬ Nne

{]tXyI taJ-e-bn¬ ]cn-Wma

{]{Inb cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXv BI-

kvan-IX am{X-am-sW∂v Um¿hn-\n-

b≥ {]Ir-Xn-im-kv{X-⁄≥am¿°v

\sΩ hniz-kn∏n°m-\p≈ Ah-

Im -iap≠v. XpS¿∂v {]IrXn

\n¿Zv[-m-c-W-Øn-t‚bpw A¿l-X-

bpsS AXn -Po -h -\ -Øn -t‚bpw

A\n-hmcy \nb-a-ßƒ A\m-h-iy-

am-bXpw a’-c-ti-jn-bn-√m-Ø-Xp-

amb {[ph-°cSn h¿K-ßsf apgp-

h≥ XpS®p \o°n-bn-´p-≠m-hpw.

]ns∂ C∂sØ \ne -bn¬

ImWp∂ {[ph-°-c -S n -Isf

Aßs\ hnSp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°-

Ww.

F∂m¬ A¿l-X -bp -≈-

Xns‚ AXn-Po-h-\-Øm¬ XpS®p

\o°-s∏-Sm≥ hn[n-°-s∏´ B

{[ph-°-c-Sn -Iƒ Fhn-sS-bmWv

A{]-Xy-£-am-bXv? \mw ChnsS

N¿® sNøp-∂Xv DjvW-ta-Jem

{]tZ-i-sØ-°p-dn-®-√. AXn-ssi-

Xy -ap≈ B¿ńIv {[ph- {] -tZ -

isØ°pdn-®m-Wv. CØcw Imem-

h-ÿ-I-fn¬ Xntcm-`-hn -°-s∏´

hyXykvX Xc-Øn¬s∏´ Nne

{[ph-°-c-Sn -I-fpsS arX-i-co-cw

bmsXmcp tISpw ]‰msX t^mkn-

ep-I-fmbn kwc-£n-°-s∏-ń-´p-≠v.

e£-°-W-°n\v h¿j-ßƒ°v

aptº D≠m-bn-cp∂ arK-ß-fpsS

arX-i-co-c-ßƒ B¿ńIv taJ-e-

bnse AKm-[amb XWp-∏n¬

bmsXmcp tISp-]m-Spw ]‰msX

ZpBbpsS \nbawZpB°v th≠n \nbaap≠v. Rm≥ ]eXhW

]d™pIgn™XmWnXv. A√mlp Nnet∏mƒ Ah\pt±in®

Imcyw kXyhnizmknsbsIm≠v A\pkcn∏n°p∂p.

CSbv°v kXyhnizmkn ]dbp∂ Imcyw Ah≥

kzoIcn°p∂p. AXpIqSmsX, \mamsW¶n¬ F√mw

Adnbp∂hc√. \mw Bhiys∏Sp∂ ImcyßfpsS

A\¥cêßsf Ipdn®pw \ap°dnbn√. AXpsIm≠v Nne

kabßfn¬ a\pjy≥ Bhiys∏Sp∂ Imcyw

Ah\pXs∂ lm\nIcambXmbncn°mw. F∂mepw ssZhw

ZpBIƒ kzoIcn°p∂p. F∂n´v ZpB sNøp∂h\p

GsXm∂mtWm KpWIcambXv AXh\p \¬Ip∂p.

GXpt]msesb∂m¬, Hcp Irjn°mc≥ cmPmhnt\mSv Hcp

ap¥nbbn\w IpXncsb Bhiys∏Sp∂p. cmPmhv Ahs‚

Bhiyßƒ a\ nem°n Ah\p ap¥nb Xcw Imfsb

\¬Ip∂p. Ah\pth≠n DNnXambn´p≈Xv

AXpXs∂bmWv.

˛ lZvdØv an¿km Kpemw AlvaZv (A)

t^mkn-ep-I-fmbn kwc-£n-°-s∏-

ń-´pap-≠v. F{X-tØm-f-sa-∂m¬

AXns‚ amwkw C∂se Poh≥

t]mbXv t]mse `£n -°m≥

tbmKy-am-b-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. Ipd®v

aptº AØ-c -Øn -ep≈ Hcp

amtΩm-Øns\ ssk_o-cn-b-bn¬

\n∂v Is≠-Sp-°-p-I-bp-≠m-bn.

Pohn h¿K-Øn\p ta¬

\nc -h[n hyXym -k-ßƒ hcp -

Øp∂ AtX bmZr—n -I -amb

tImi-X-e-Øn-ep≈ hyXn-bm-\-

ßƒ {[ph {]tZ-i-ß-f-√m-Ø-bn-S-

ß-fnepw a‰v Bhmkhyh-ÿ-I-

fnepw {]h¿ -Øn -°p -∂-Xmbn

ImtW-≠Xp-≠v. Npcp -ßn -bXv

AØ-c -Øn -ep≈ GsX-¶n -ep -

samcp t^mkn¬ sXfnhv e-`n-t°-

≠-Xm-Wv.

B¿ńIv {[ph-Øn¬ \n∂v

temI-Ønse a‰n-S-ß-fn-te°v \ap-

°n-t∏mƒ k©-cn-°mw. òam-Im-c-

\mb {[ph-°-c-Snsb At]-£n®v

\n m-c-\mb Nne-¥nsb∏‰n-bp≈

]T\w hnkva-b-I-c-amb IqSp-X¬

sshcp≤y-ßƒ ]pdØv sIm≠p

hcpw. ( hnh: F.Fw) (XpScpw)


Ad_n ]ZßfpsS BwK

tebmhnjv°mcßfn¬ NneXv

AhbpsS aqe]ZtØmSv A`n∂

amw hn[w kZriamWv. F∂m¬

a‰p≈h i– [z\nbnepw A¿Y

Ønepw Xptemw hyXykvXamWv.

tamkvIv Mosque F∂ i_vZ

Øn\v akvPnZpambn henb kmay

sam∂pan√. IqSmsX _Zqhnb≥

(Bedouin) F∂ ]Zw GIhN\

cq]ambmWv \mw D]tbmKn°p∂

sX¶nepw bYm¿YØn¬ AXns‚

DZv`hw _nZvhm≥(Bidwan) F∂

Ad_n ]ZØns‚ _lphN\

cq]amb _Zhn Bedawi F∂

Ad_n ]ZØn¬ \n∂v \njv∏∂

ambXmWv. Dhow F∂ ]Zap≠m

bXv Dawa bn¬ \n∂mWv.

F∂m¬ Ad_n kwkmcn°p∂h

tcmSv tNmZn®m¬ Aßs\ Hcp

]Zw Xs∂ Adnbns√∂v ]dbpw

ImcWw Zhm C∂p]tbmKØnen

√mØ ]ZamWv. C∏d™ ]Zßƒ

Hs°bpw Ad_n CkvemanI

PohnXhpambn _‘s∏´hbmWv.

AXn\m¬ Cu Imcyßfn¬

Ad_nbn¬ {]ISn∏n°s∏´Xn¬

A X v ` p X s ∏ S m s \ m ∂ p a n √ .

F∂m¬ Apriccot, Orange,Lemon, Lime apXemb

êh¿§ßfpsSbpw Artichoke,

Spinach, Aubergine F∂o

]®°dnIfpsSbpw cpNnbntem

t]cntem ]ctZinbmWv. Hcp

Cw•ojpImc\v CXv A\p`hs∏Sn

s√¶nepw kXyØn¬ Cu

\maßsfms°bpw Ad_nbmWv.

DZmlcWØn∂v Lemon a≤yIme

{^©n¬ \n∂v a≤yIme

Cw•ojnte°v IS∂p h∂XmWv.

AXn\v apºv Cu ]Zw a≤yIme

em‰n\nemWv D]bp‡ambncp∂Xv.

AXn\nSbn¬ hfsc sNdnb

am‰ßƒ am{XamWv D®mcW

Øn¬ h∂n´p≈Xv. CXns‚

bYm¿Y cq]w Ad_nbnse

Laymun BWv! F∂m¬ C‰menb

\neqsS IS∂v h∂t∏mƒ

Articohoke kXyØn¬ Al-khurshuf F∂ Ad_n ]Zam

sW∂v Xncn®dnbm≥ Ipd®v

{]bmkamWv .

Ad_nbn¬ \n∂v t\cn´v

Cw•ojnseØnb ]ZßfpsS

Npcp°amsW¶nepw a‰p hn[

Øn¬ Cw•ojnseØnb ]Zßƒ

\pdp°W°n\v hcpw an°hmdpw

Ah {^©v, kv]m\njv, C‰menb

≥, em‰n≥ `mjm cq]Ønembn

cn°pw FØnbXv.

Ign™ 1000 h¿jßfmbn

Cw•ojv hngpßns°m≠ncn°p∂

hntZi `mjmLSIßƒ H´\

h[nbmWv. Cßs\ {^©n¬

\n∂pw em‰n\n¬ \n∂pw

ISsaSpØ ]Zßƒ B[p\nI

Cw•ojv ]ZkºØns‚ ]IpXn

tbmfw hcpw. {In. h. 1066 se

t\m¿a≥ A[n\nthiØn\v

tijw Cw•ojv tImSXnbpw

{]`pXzhpw ]m¿esa‚qw {^©v

`mjm D]tbmKn®p XpSßn. {In.

h 1731 ¬ AXv Cw•≠nse \nba

`mjbmbn \nesIm≈pIbpw

sNbvXp.

a [ y I m e L ´ ß f n ¬

{^©nepsSbmWv an°hmdpw

Ad_n ]Zßƒ Cw•ojnse

ØnbXv. Chbn¬ `pcn`mKhpw

KWnX imkv{X˛JtKmfimkv{X˛

ckX{¥ ]Zßfmbncp∂psh∂

XmWv {it≤bambn´p≈Xv. {In.

h. 1300 Ifn¬ Cw•ojn¬ Al-chemy (ckX{¥w) FØn

tNcp∂Xv Ad_n ]Zamb Alkimya (A¬ IoanbmAv) ¬ \n∂v

henb cq]t`Zßsfm∂pw IpSm

sXbmWv. GXm≠v CtX

Imebfhn¬ Xs∂bmWv Alkali,Alogaritham, Alembic, AlmanacXpSßnb ]Zßfpw Cw•ojv

\nL≠phn¬ ÿm\w ]nSn®Xv.

Cuhm°pIfnse Al F∂ i_vZw

hcp∂Xv Cw•ojn¬ .TheXpeyamb (Aarabic definit article)¬\n∂pamWv. DZmlcWØn\v

Ad_nbn¬ \n∂v Cw•ojnte°v

Ae≥ ]nw kvanØv

Cw•ojv `mjbnse \nch[n ]Zßƒ Ad_nbn¬ \n∂pw

\njv]∂ambhbmWv. BwKe X\natbmsS \mw D]tbmKn°p∂

FÆnbmsemSpßmØ ]Zßƒ `mjIfpsS amXmhmb

Ad_nbn¬ \n∂v h∂XmsW∂Xv IuXpIapW¿Øp∂

hkvXpXbmWv. Hcp bqtdm]y≥ teJI≥ A°mcyw hnhcn°p∂p.

teJ\w


Alkali D≠mbXv Ad_nbnse Alquili bn¬ \n∂mWv. SaltwortsNSnbpsS Nmcsa∂v \n¿hNn

°mw. Alembic Hcp ipNoIcW

D]IcWamWv. ‘\n›ew’ F∂¿

Yw hcp∂ Al Imbiq ¬ \n∂mWv

Bhn¿`hn®Xv.

a≤yImew A£cm¿∞

Øn¬ Ad_v Ckveman°v

\mKc nIXbpsSXmb nc p∂p .

GXm≠v 500 sIm√°mew Ad_n

`mj hn⁄m\Øns‚bpw

k m w k v ° m c n I X b p s S b p w

ss[jWnI]ptcmKXnbp sSbpw

`mjbmbn hncmPn®p. 9˛mw

\q‰m≠n¬ [mcmfw ¢mkn°v

{Ko°v imkv{X XØz imkv{X

KthjW {]_‘ßƒ Ad_n

bnte°v samgnam‰w sNøs∏SpI

bp≠mbn Cu ASnØdbn¬

\n∂mWv Ad_n KthjIcpw

imkv{X⁄∑mcpw sshZyimkv

{X ⁄m\nIfpw KWnX⁄cp

sa√mw hn⁄m\ temItØ°v

IpXn®v apt∂dnbXv. Cu ⁄m\

`fimcw ]n∂oSv kvs]bn\nse

CkvemmanI bpWnthgvkn‰nbn¬

\n∂pw ]›na bptdm∏nte°v

ssIam‰s∏´p. DZmlcWw:

IW°v Ip´m\p]tbmKn

°p∂ sUkna¬ k{ºZmbw

AYhm Zimwi k{ºZmbw

Ad_n KWnXimkv{X kw`mh\

bmWv. C¥y≥ kt¶Xamb

]pPyamWv CXns‚ ASnÿm\w.

Cu ]pPyw Zero bpw AXns‚

as‰mcp \maamb Cipher Dw

iq\yw F∂¿YØn¬ hcp∂ SifrF∂ Ad_n ]ZØn¬ \n∂pw

h∂XmWv.

11˛mw \q‰m≠v apX¬ 13˛mw

\q‰m≠v hscbpw Xo¿®bmbpw

AXn\v tijhpw a≤yIme

Cw•≠n¬ Ad_n hn⁄m\w

hym]Iambncp∂p. {In. h. 1100

IfpsS XpS°Øn¬ Xs∂

A∂sØ {]apJ bqtdm]y≥

]finXcn¬ Hcmfmb Cw•≠nse

_mØpImc≥ A_em¿Uv

JhmcnkvanbpsS JtKmf

hn⁄m\ob ]ńI Ad_nbn¬

\n∂v em‰n\nte°v hnh¿Ø\w

sNbvXp. C∂v k¿hkm[mc

Wbmbn D]tbmKn°s∏Sp∂

c≠v KWnX ]ZßfmWv Algibra,Alogaritham F∂nh Cw•ojv

`mjbn¬ FØntN¿∂Xnßs\

bmWv. CXn¬ c≠masØ ]Zw

JhmcnkvanbpsS t]cn¬\n∂p

Xs∂ FSpØXmWv Algibra,bmIs´ On{Zam°s∏´

`mKßfpsS ]p\tcIoIcWw

F∂ A¿∞w hcp∂ Al -jabar¬\n∂pw D≠mbXmWv. Al jabarsJhmcnkvanbpsS KWnX imkv{X

{]_‘amb Hisab Al-jabr W’ alMuqabala bnemWv tcJs∏Sp

Ønbncn°p∂Xv. ChnsS IuXpI

Icamb Imcyw Ad_nbmb Al -jabar Cw•ojmb Algibra Htc

coXnbn¬ HSnhn\pw NXhn\pw

Aÿn tbmPn∏n°m\pw a‰pap≈

NnIn’mcoXnsb kpNn∏n°p∂

]ZßfmWv. hm°pIfpsS

Ncn{X]camb D]tbmKsØ

ap≥\ndpØn \n¿hN\ßƒ

\¬Ip∂ Oxford English Dictio-nary BZysØ A¿Yambn

Algibra °v \¬Ip∂Xv HSnhn\pw

NXhn\pap≈ ikv{X{Inbm

NnIn’ F∂mWv. CXv IqSmsX

{In.h. 1565¬ \n∂p≈

Hcp≤cWnbpw tN¿Øn´p≠v.

‘The surgical treatment offractures, This arabic word Algibrasygnify as well as fractures of bornetc as sometime restoration ofsame.’

Algibra F∂ Cu Ad_n

]Zw AÿnIfpsS £bsØbpw

a‰pw IpSn kpNn∏n°p∂p. Nne

Ahkcßfn¬ AhbpsS ]p\

kwtbmP\sØbpw kpNn∏n°p

∂p. hn⁄m\ taJebn¬

Ad_n KthjI¿ sNbvX

G‰hpw henb kw`mh\ tPymXn

imkv{X taJe°v Ah¿ \¬Inb

hf¿®bmWv. Ad_nbn¬ \n∂v

cq]s]´ \maßfp≈ \pdp°W

°n\v \£{X \maßƒ B[p\n

I \£{X ]ńIbnep≈Xv. Alair,Aldebaran, Btelgeus,Vega, AlgoleAhbn¬ Npcp°w Nneh am{Xw.

CXnse Ahkm\ ]Zw AlgoleA¬tKmƒ cq]s∏´Xv Al ghulAYhm `qXw, ]nimNv F∂o

A¿Yap≈ Al ghul. F∂ Ad_n

]ZØn¬ \n∂mWv \n∂mWv.

Cw•ojv ]Zamb Ghoul Dw

AXns‚ hntijWamb Ghoul-ish D≠mbXv. Algol. (A¬tKmƒ)

F∂ \£{XsØ Ad_nIƒ Alghul F∂mWv hnfn°p∂Xv

ImcWw AXv t{]XsØ t]mse

bmWv ImWs∏Sp∂Xv. {KlWw

_m[n® Cc´ \£{XsØ

t]msebpw, AXv sXfn®an√msX

Ahy‡ambn Hmtcm Cuc≠v

Znhkw IqSpwtXmdpw {]Imiw

adnamdn {]Xy£s∏Sp∂p. AXp

sIm≠mWv Cu t]cp Xs∂

\¬Im≥ Ad_nIƒ°v t{]cW

bmbXv . \£{X \maßƒ

am{Xma√ Zennith, Nadir AzimuthXpSßnb tPymXn imkv{X

]ZßfpsS DZv`hhpw Ad_nbn¬

\n∂v Xs∂.

Talisman, Elixir F∂nh

Ad_nbn¬ \n∂v \njv]∂amb

]ZßfmWv. Almanac(al manakh)Ad_nbn¬ \n∂v DZv`hn® a‰v

kmt¶XnI ]ZamWv. caliber,caliper,aniline, marcasite,camphore F∂o ]Zßfpw Ad_n

bn¬ \n∂p Xs∂. hnetbdnb

cXv\ßfpw a‰pw Af°m≥

D]tbmKn°p∂ Carat Imc‰pw

ISemkv Af°m\p]tbmKn°p∂

Ream doapw Ad_n Xs∂.

DZm: Girat(CXv sNdnb

bqWn‰v), Rizmah (CXv henb

bqWn‰v).

CtX KWØn¬s∏Sp

Ømhp∂ {it≤bamb ]Zßfm

Wv Average, Alcahole. KWnX


imkv{XØn¬ k¿Δ km[mcW

bmbn D]tbmKn°p∂ ]Zw t\cp

]d™m¬ Ad_nbnbmWv.

Ad_nbnse Awariya BWv,

A¿Yw ]t£ tISp kw`hn®

km[\ßƒ F∂mWv. Cu

cp]m¥cWw Ahy‡ambn

tXm∂psa¶nepw CXv kw`hn®Xv

I®hS°m¿ ISen¬sh®v

N¿®sNbvX v \n¿Wbn°p∂

tISp]mSpw kw`hn® km[\

ßfpsS icmicn IW°pIfn¬

\n∂mWv.

C\n Alcahole FSp°pI

bmsW¶n¬ AXv \njv]∂ambXv

Al-kohl¬ \n∂msW∂v ImWmw.

a≤y]p¿thjybn¬ IsÆgpXm≥

D]tbmKn°p∂ Huj[

KpWap≈ IdpØ s]mSnbmWv

Al-kohl. Cu s]mSnbpw aZyhpw

XΩnse¥v _‘sa∂ kwibw

tXm∂mw. B s]mSn {]tXyI

coXnbn¬ Xømdm°nb AntimonySulfide BWv. Cu s]mSn Hcp

hkvXphns‚ bYm¿Y kn]ncn‰v

AYhm AXns‚ kØ F∂

A¿YØn¬ a\ nem°pIbm

sW¶n¬ Ch XΩnep≈ _‘w

\ap°v hy‡ambnImWmw. Cu

]Zw cq]s]´v F{Xtbm Imeß

ƒ°v tijw Samuuel Coleridge,Shakesphear IrXnIsf kw_‘n

s®gpXnb teJ\ßfnsem∂n¬

hn√≥ Iago hns\ hntijn∏n®Xv,

The very alchahole of egoismAYhm ‘Al¶mcØns‚ aq¿Ø

ssNNX\yw ’ F∂mWv.

a≤yImeL´Øn¬ Cw•o

jv Ad_nbn¬ \n∂v ISsaSpØ

imkv{X kmt¶XnI ]ZßfpsS

B[nIyw B ImeL´Ønse

imkv{X hn⁄m\ afieØn¬

Ad_v CkvemanI \mKcnIX

sNepØnb {]`mhw hyIvXam

°p∂p. D∂Xamb kwkvImc

Øns‚ as‰mcp sXfnhv Cu

imkv{X kmt¶XnI ]Zhypl

ßƒ°v sXm´v ]n∂msebp≈Xv

kpJmVw_c kº∂amb D∂X

\nehmcap≈ PohnX ssienbp

ambn _‘s∏´ ]ZßfmWv.

CXn¬ \n∂v AhcpsS PohnX

\nehmcw Duln°mhp∂tX

bp≈q.

Fenk_Øv (1533˛1603)

cm⁄nbpsS Imeambt∏mtg°pw

Cw•ojv IS¬ I®hS°m¿

bptdm∏n\v ]pdtabp≈ temIß

sf sXm´dn™psIm≠v a≤y]q¿

thjybn¬ \n∂pw AXn\∏pd

Øp \n∂psams° Aaqey

hkvXp°fpw a‰p kma{KnIfpw,

BNmc k{ºZmbßfpw Cw•≠n

s‚ Xocßfnte°v sIm≠phcp

hm≥ XpSßn. ChnsS ]cma¿i¿

lamb Imcyw Cßs\ bm{X°m¿

A td_ybn¬ \n∂pw I∏¬

Ib‰n sIm≠ph∂ ]Zßf[nI

hpw kpJtemeamb AXymVw_

c PohnX ssiensb kpNn∏n°p

∂hbmWv. Sugar, Syrup, Julep,Sherb, Marzipan apXembh

sbms°bpw Ad_nbn¬ \n∂v

ISsaSpØ ]ZßfmWv. Hcp

]t£ Fenk_Ø≥ ImeL´

Ønse IpSpw_n\nbpsS ASp°f

kmam\ßfn¬ CsXm∂pw

Dƒs∏ń´p≠mhn√. Coffee h∂Xv

Ad_nbnse Gahawa bn¬

\n∂mWv. AXns‚ {]`h tI{μw

ba≥ BWv. ba\nse XpdapJ

]´Wamb tam®bn¬ \n∂pw!

CXnt\mSv tN¿Øv sh°mhp∂

hbmWv Ad_n \maßfp≈

kpK‘ {Zhyßfmb CarawayDw Suffron sa√mw.

Sash, Shawl, Sequin, Mus-lin, Mohair, Damask, and CottonapXemb hneIqSnb XpWnØc

ßƒ Xs∂ kºØns‚ kpNI

ßfmWv. CXn¬ Muslin BWv

A∂v D¬∏mZn∏n®p sIm≠ncp∂

Xv. CdmJnse aptkmƒ ]´WØn

¬ \n∂mWv B t]cv e`n®Xv.

F∂m¬ Sash BIs´ Ad_n

akven≥ XpWnbmb Shash ¬

\n∂pamWp≠mbXv. Cu t]cp

kpNn∏n°p∂Xv t]mse Damask

XpWnØcw Damascus ¬

\n∂p≈XmWv. \mw C∂v

]p®IfpsS Hcp {]tXyI

h¿KsØ hntijn∏n°m\mbn

D]tbmKn°p∂ Tabby F∂ t]cv

t]mepw h∂Xv Ad_nbn¬

\n∂mWv. _mKvZmZnse A¬

Xzøn_ Pn√bn¬ D≠m°nbncp∂

hne IpSnb h¿Wi_fnabm¿∂

kn¬°v (]´v) XpWnt]mse N¿am

hcWap≈ ]q® F∂ \ne°mWv

B t]cv h∂Xv. Sequin F∂

]ZamIs´ Ad_nbn¬ Sikkahbn¬ \n∂v \njv]∂ambXmWv.

\mWb aSn°p∂ aqi.

Sofa, Alcove, Jar, and Ca-rafe Cu kpJm\μ kma{Knsbm

s°bpw Xs∂ Atd_ybn¬

\n∂v ISep IS∂v h∂hbmWv.

\of≥ _©v F∂ A¿Yw hcp∂

Suffa bn¬ \n∂mWv SofaD≠mbXv. Iam\w F∂¿Yap≈

Al qubbbah bmWv Cw•ojnse

Alcove s‚ P\\n, Jar BIs´

aÏpSw F∂¿Yw hcp∂ Jar-rah F∂ ]ZØn¬ \n∂pamWv.Carafe (Ip∏n) F∂ Cw•ojv ]Zw

Gharrafah F∂ Ad_n

]ZØns‚ Cw•ojv cq]amWv.

BwKteb ]ZkºØns\ Crim-son, Carmine, Azure, LiliacXpSßnb \ndßƒ sIm≠v

kºpjvSam°nbXpw Ad_n

Xs∂. C\n hnt\mZØn\msW¶n

¬ ssI]Øn F∂¿∞w hcp∂

Ad_nse Rahabn¬ \n∂pw

cp]s]´XmWv Racket (TennisRacet)

Ad_nIƒ F∂pw IS¬

k©mcnIfpw I®hS°mcpambn

cp∂p. AXpsIm≠pXs∂ ISepw

I®hShpambn _‘s∏´ ]Z

ßƒ Cw•ojnse Ad_n°v LoanWords (Ad_nbn¬ \n∂pw ISw

sIm≠ ]Zßƒ) s‚ Ip´Øn¬

I≠ns√¶nte AXv`pXap≈p.

Cw•ojv \mhnI¿ s]mXp

th D]tbmKn°p∂ ]ZamWv

Mizzen Masts. CXn\v ImcWw


Cw•ojvImcs‚ amkv‰v MastsF∂ ]Zw Ad_nbnse MazzamBWv. Ameerul Bahr (Aaodp¬

_lv¿ = ISense \mbI≥)

F∂Xns‚ Npcp°cq]amb

Ameeral \n∂pamWv. Admmiralcq]w sIm≠Xv. Arsenal F∂ ]Zw

h∂Xv Work shop h¿°vtjm∏v

F∂v A¿Yap≈ Dar-assinna’ah bn¬ \n∂pamWv. AXn\v

apºv sinna’ah (Ie, IcIuie

hkvXp etc.)bn¬ \n∂pamWv.

AXvt]mse Magazine F∂ ]Zw

Makham(kw`cn®v sh® ÿew)

¬ \n∂v ISsaSpØXmWv. I®hS

hpambn _‘s∏´ ]Zamb Tarif(Xmcn^v) D¬∏Øn Ad_nbn¬

\n∂mWv. IuXpIw P\n∏n°p∂

]Zßƒ thsdbpap≠v

DZmlcWØn\v Adobe,Cocus, Genie, PropinjayF∂nhbpw Ad_n ]ZßfpsS

am‰nXncn° s∏´ cq]ßfmWv.

CØcØn¬ D]tbmKm\pkrXw

th¿X nc n s®S p°p∂Xn\m¬

Cw•ojn¬ Garble. F∂mWv

]dbpI. Cu ]ZØns‚ DdhnSw

t]mepw Ad_nbmWv. th¿Xncn

°pI, Xncs™Sp°pI F∂o

A¿∞w hcp∂ GarbalaF∂XmWv Garble Bbn amdnbXv.

am‰nXncn°s∏´mepw Cs√¶nepw

F¥mbmepw icn Ad_nbn¬

\n∂v cq]s∏´ ]Zßƒ Cw•ojv

`mjsb hfscb[nIw kº∂

am°nbncn°p∂p.

Horse (IpXnc), Horseman(IpXnc°mc≥), Hack (IpXncbp

sS ISn™mWpw a‰p k©mc

kma{KnIfpw) F∂nhbpsS

Ad_n \maßƒ, AßIse

Ad_v temIØv \n∂v F{Xtbm

hnZqcÿamb Atacn°°v

sX°v ]Sn™mdv ÿnXn sNøp∂

acp`qanIfn¬ t]mepw ÿm\w

Dd∏n®ncn°p∂p. Cu ]Zßƒ

Ad_nbn¬ \n∂v kv]m\njnse

ØpIbpw kv]m\njv Bwt•m

]mcºcyßfpsS ktΩf\thf

bn¬ Atacn°≥ Cw•ojnte°v

IpSntbdpIbpw sNbvXp.

8˛mw \p‰m≠ns‚ XpS°

Øn¬ Ad_nIfpsSbpw hS°\m

{^n°bpsSbpw _¿_¿ hwiP

cpsS Hcp apkvenw ssk\yw

sF_ocnb≥ D]Zzo]v GXm≠v

apgph\mbn Xs∂ IogS°pIbp

≠mbn. AXn∂v sX°v `mKØv

Ad_nIƒ A¬ A¥epkv

(kvs]bn≥) F∂v hnfn°p∂

{]tZiØv A∫mknIƒ \njv°m

k\w sNbvX kndnb≥ Dahnøm

hwiØnse Hcp cmPIpamc≥

Xs‚ `cWw ÿm]n°pIbpw

GItZiw 750˛mw B≠nt\mSSp

Øv Xg®p hf¿∂ Hcp \mKcnIX

]SpØpb¿ØpIbpw sNbvXp.

1492¬ c≠v kp{][m\amb

kw`hßfp≠mbn. AXnsem∂v

temIØns‚ ]pXnb tImWp

IfpsS I≠p]nSpØambncp∂p.

kvs]bn≥, t]m¿´pK¬ cmPyßƒ

tImf\n hXv°cWßfpsS

\hm≤ymbw Xs∂ Xpd∂p.

c≠matØXv kv]m\njv kwkv

°mcØn¬ BgØn¬ ap{Z

Nm¿Ønb apkvenwIfpw PqX

∑mcpw AhnsS\n∂v ]pdØm°

s∏´ kw`hamWv.

\htemIw IogS°th

Ad_n, _¿_¿ A`bm¿Yn

IfSßp∂ kvs]bn≥Im¿ Ahcp

sS IpXncIsfbpw IqsSsIm≠p

t]mbn. Ah¿ A∂v IpXnc

]me\Øn\mbn D]tbmKn®

Ad_nbn¬ \n∂v cq]s]´

]Zßƒ C∂pw B {]tZisØ

`mjbn¬ (Cw•ojv Atacn°

bpsSbpw saIvknt°mbpsSbpw

AXn¿Øn {]tZißfnse acp`qan

Ifnse saIvkn°≥ kv]m\njv

Ie¿∂ kwkmc `mj)bn¬

[mcmfambn D]tbmKn°s∏Sp∂p.

1975˛¬ bp.Fkv˛ saIvkn

t°m AXn¿Øn {]tZißfnse

]pcmX\ BńSb kapZmbßfp

sS ASptØ°v sN∂t∏mgmWv

Cowboy lingo {i≤bn¬s∏´Xv

Rm\pw `mcybpw IpXncIsfbpw

sNΩcnbmSpIsfbpw S¿°n

t°mgnIsfbpw hf¿Ømdp≠v.

AXn\m¬ AhnsS tPmen

sNøp∂ Iut_mbvIsfbpw

BńSb∑mtcbpw arKtUmIvS¿

amtcbpw ASpØv ]cnNbs∏Sm

\pw CS]gIm\pap≈ Ahkcw

e`n®p. Ahscms°bpw B

{]tZiØv \mec \p‰≠v

apsºØnb Ad_nbn¬ \n∂p≈

AhcpsS `mjm ]Zßƒ Fs‚

IpńIfn∂v kpJambpw km[mc

Wambpw Iºyp´¿ `mj ssI

Imcyw sNøp∂Xv t]mse

D ] t b m K n ° p ∂ h c m W v .

DZmlcWØn∂v {]Kev`\mb Hcp

IpXnc tbm´°mcs\ tIa\mb

Jinnet F∂mWv ]dbpI. Cu ]Zw

hS°\m{^n°bnse Hcp bp≤

°pXnctbm´ coXnsbbpw ]n∂oSv

IpXnc°mcs\ Xs∂bpw kqNn∏n

°m\p]tbmKn® ]ZamWv. Cu

Sonoran, Spanish Xinete¬ \n∂v

h∂XmWv. AXmIs´ C∂sØ

Algeriabnse Zanathi F∂dnb

s∏Sp∂ tKm{XsØ A\pkvacn

∏n°p∂ A¥epjy≥ ]Zamb

Zanathi bn¬\n∂v cq]s∏´XmWv.

Sonoran Vaqueros Dpw

AhcpsS IpXnc°mcpw C∂pw

IpXnc tNWØn\v AlbardonF∂mhpw ]dbpI. CXv

sF_ocnb≥ ]Zamb Albardabn¬ \n∂v D≠mbXmWv

Cw•ojn¬ A¿Yw Pack SaddleF∂mWv. Cu ]ZØn\v icnbmb

DZv`hw Ad_nbnse Al bardabn¬ \n∂mWv. C°q´Ønse

as‰mcp ]ZamWv Acion.Iut_mbvIƒ D]tbmKn°p∂

tXmep sIm≠p≈ s_¬‰mWnXv.

CXv Ad_n ]Zamb Al siyum \n∂v

D≠mbXmWv. AhcpsS AzoteNm´hm¿) Ad_nbnse As-sutBWv. Ad_nbnse AlgullahAh¿°v Argollas Bbnamdn

(Ringing Starp).

tijw t]Pv 27 ¬


Pqembv amkØnse agbp

≈ Hcp hmcm¥yØn¬ 200

G°¿ hnkvXmcap≈ sNfn\nd

™ Hcp hb¬ {]tZiw

sS‚pIƒ \nd™ Hcp {Kmaambn

amdn. Xm¬°menIambn am‰s∏´

Cu kvYeØv AlvaZnøm apkvenw

PamAØv kwLSn∏n® Hcp

hm¿jnI I¨sh≥j≥ \S°p

Ibmbncp∂p. CXn\mbn lmw

sjbdn¬ Bbnc°W°mb

BfpIƒ HØptN¿∂n´p≠mbn

cp∂p. sS‚ v sIńb Cu {KmaØn

s‚ a≤yØn¬ Hcp Ipw`tKm]pc

hpw D≠mbncp∂p. AhnsS

kv{XoIƒ°pw ]pcpj∑m¿°pw

kvYeßƒ th¿Xncn®ncp∂p.

apkvenwIfnse Hcp D]hn`mK

amb AlvaZnIƒ kwLSn∏n®

Xmbncp∂p Cu ktΩf\w. Sqdn≥

hnjbØn¬ hnZKv[\mb _mco

tj¿‰vkv tbiphns‚ {]Xncq]

ap≈ Sqdn\nse Xncp»oesb

kw_‘n®v \SØnb {]Z¿i\

tØmSp IqSnb {]`mjWamWv

Bbncßsf AhntS°v BI¿jn

®Xv. tbiphns‚ {]XnOmbbp

≈ Xncp»oebpsS ]q¿Wcq]

Ønep≈ Hcp s\K‰ohv {]Z¿in

∏n®p sIm≠mbncp∂p At±l

Øns‚ {]`mjWw.

PqX\mb tjm¿kv Hcp

{InkvXob Xncptijn∏ns\ ]‰n

Hcp apkvenw ktΩf\Øn¬

Spdn≥ Xncp»oesb]‰n {]Z¿i\

{]`mjWw \SØp∂ sX¥psIm

≠v? Review of Religion dnhyq

Hm^v dneoPys‚ (AlvaZnøm

PamAØns‚ BtKmf Cw•ojv

apJ]{Xw) B`napJyØn¬

Sqdn\nse Xncp»oe:

A\mhcWw sNøs∏Sp∂ clkyßƒtbiphns‚ ]q¿WImb {]XnOmb ]Xn™ Hcp Xncp hkv{XamWv Sqdn\nse

Xncp»oe. Atacn°bnse lmwsjbdn¬ Sqdn≥ Xncp»oesb kw_‘n®v

AlvaZnIƒ \SØnb {]Z¿i\sØbpw {]`mjWsØbpw ]‰nbmWv {]ikvX

AlvaZn FgpØpImcnbmb \Imim AlvaZv FgpXp∂Xv. tNmtZymØc

thfbn¬ Sqdn≥ hnjbØn¬ AlvaZn kv{XoIƒ°p≈ AhKmlhpw

Xm¬]cyhpw {]`mjIsc AXv`pXs∏SpØn. Cukvt‰¨ anjnK¨

bqWnthgvkn‰nbn¬ kleIvNd¿ Bbncp∂ teJnI _ufnßv {Ko≥

bqWnthgvkn‰nbn¬ {KmtPz‰v AknÃ‚pambncp∂p. Ah¿ Ct∏mƒ Z dnhyq

Hm^v dneoPy≥kns‚ Atkmkntb‰Uv FUn‰dmbn {]h¿Øn°p∂p.

\Imim AlvaZv, \yq P¿kn, bp Fkv F

teJ\w


\SØp∂ Sqdn≥ ktΩf\Ønte

°v \nch[nt]cmWv FØnt®¿

∂Xv. Cu ktΩf\Øn¬ temI

Øns‚ \m\m `mKØv \n∂pap≈

]finX∑m¿ Sqdn\nse Xncp»oe

sb°pdn®v kwkmcn®p.

{InkvXp aXw hfsc

hn]peamb \nebn¬ KthjWw

\SØs∏´ Hcp Xncptijn∏mWv

Spdn\nse Xncp»oe. aXNcn{XØn

se {]ikvX\mb HcmfmWv

tbip. At±lØns‚ {]XnOmb

]Xn™ Cu XpWnsb°pdn®v

hfscb[nIw N¿®Ifpw hnhmZ

ßfpap≠mbn´p≠v. Hcp a\pjy

s‚ aßnb {]Xncq]w ]Xn™

Cu en\≥ XpWn \q‰m≠pIfmbn

KuchXcamb Nn¥°v hI

\¬Inbn´p≠v . AlvaZnøm

apkvenw PamAØns‚ henb

ktΩf\Øn\v kam¥cambn

\SØs∏´ dnhyq Hm^v dneoPy

≥kv kwLSn∏n® 2017 se Spdn≥

Xncp»oem I¨sh≥j≥ IqSp

X¬ kulrZ]camb Hcp

kwKaambncp∂p. Zo¿LIme

ambn Xncp»oe kaqlw F∂dnb

s∏Sp∂hcpsS AwKßfpw

Sqdn≥ hnjbØn¬ X¬∏ccmb

AlvaZnøm PamAØv AwKß

fpw Xncp»oebpsS hnhn[

hißsf°pdn®v N¿® sNbvXp.

e£°W°n\mfpIƒ Cu Xn

cp»oesb _lpam\n°p∂p.

Fs¥∂m¬ Xncp»oe Ipcnin¬

\n∂v Cd°s∏´ tbiphns‚

icocsØ ]pX∏n® XpWnbmsW

∂v Ah¿ hnizkn°p∂p.

C°mcWØm¬ Sqdn\nse Xncp

»oe hnip≤hpw A\pKrloXhp

amb Hcp Xncptijn∏mbn

{InkvXym\nIƒ am{Xa√ IcpXp

∂Xv. tbip ssZhØns‚ Hcp

kXy{]hmNI\msW∂v hnizkn

°s∏Sp∂ apkvenwIfpw AXns\

_lpam\n°p∂p.

F∂m¬ Ipcniv kw`h

Øn\v tijw tbiphns‚

icocsØ BhcWw sNbvX

XpWnbmbncp∂p Sqdn\nse

Xncp»oe F∂ hkvXpX°v

F¥mWv sXfnhv? hnZKv[∑m¿

hnhn[ßfmb kn≤m¥ßfpw

Is≠ØepIfpw AhXcn∏n®n

´p≠v. Sqdn\nse kn≥tUmfPn

C‚¿\mjW¬ sk‚dns‚

imkv{Xob IΩn‰nbpsS ap≥

{]knU‚ v UbdIvS¿ {_qtWm

_m¿_‰okns‚ km∂n[yw

F∂nh Xncp»oe ktΩf\Øn

s‚ {lkzIme Ncn{XØns‚

{]m[m\ya¿ln°p∂ \mgnI

°√mWv. Xncp»oe kq£n®p

sh°m≥ _m≤ykvYcmb DtZymK

kvYcn¬ Hcmfmb _m¿_dokn\v

Xncp»oebpambn t\cn´v _‘

ap≠mbncp∂p. AXn\m¬ At±

lw Xncp»oebpsS Ncn{XØnte

°v Dƒ°mgv® \¬In. At±l

Øns‚ {]kwKØn¬ tbiphn

s‚ IpSocØn¬ th≠ G¿∏mSp

Iƒ sNøp∂Xn\v apºv At±l

Øns‚ icocw aqSm≥ Hcp Xcw

XpWn D]tbmKn®Xmbn kphnti

jw ]dbp∂Xmbn hnhcn®p.

Xncp»oe°v 4.4 ao‰¿ \ofhpw 1.1

ao‰¿ hoXnbpap≠mbncp∂p.

en\≥ XpWnbpsS \mep

hn[Ønep≈ IØn°cn™

ASbmfßƒ D≠mbncp∂p. AXv

1532¬ {^m≥knep≠mb

Xo]nSpØØn¬ D≠mbXmWv.

B Xo AW°m≥ sh≈w

No‰nbt∏mƒ D≠mb IdIfpw

XpWnbn¬ ImWmw. cIvX

IdIfpw D≠v. Cu XpWnbnbn¬

Hcp a\pjys‚ Hcp apJcq]hpw

D≠mbncp∂p.

\q‰m≠pItfmfw Xncp»oe

sb Ipdn®p≈ imkv{Xob

]T\ßƒ°v ]ptcmKXnbp≠mbn

√. t^mt´m{K^nbpsS BKa\w

Xncp»oesb temI {]ikvX

am°n, KthjWØns‚ ]pXnb

am¿Kßƒ Xpd∂p. 1898 ¬ \S∂

BZysØ Xncp»oem {]Z¿i\w

BZyt^mt´mIƒ e`yam°n.

sk°≥t{Sm ]nb F∂ t^mt´m

{Km^¿ Xncp»oebn¬ ]Xn™

CtaPv Hcp s\K‰ohnt\mS v

kmayXbps≠∂v hyIvXam°n.

Hcp s\K‰ohv CtaPv t{]m

knwKn\v hnt[bam°nbm¬ Hcp

bYm¿Y a\pjys‚ t]mkn‰ohv

CtaPv e`n°pw. bYm¿YØn¬

]nb ]d™Xv Rm≥ B Nn{Xw

I≠t∏mƒ Fs‚ \mYs‚

apJtØ°v t\m°p∂XmbmWv

tXm∂nbXv F∂mWv.

Cu hnIk\w XpS°w

am{XamWv. ASpØ \q‰m≠n¬

Xncp»oem KthjWw ]e

cq]Øn¬ hnIkn°p∂XmWv.

1978 ¬ A©p ZnhksØ

KthjWØn¬ VP8 CtaPv

A\ssek¿ {]tbmKn®v

AXpeyamb Hcp {Xnam\ CtaPv

Inńbncp∂p. F¥psIm≠mWnXn

\n{X {][m\yw? Hcp t^mt´m

{Km^¿ F∂ \nebn¬ _mcn

tjm¿´ vkv hn]n˛8 CtaPv

A\ssek¿ D]tbmKsØ ]‰n

hnhcn°pIbp≠mbn. CtaPnep

≈ Nn{XØn¬ sXfn™Xpw

Ccp≠Xpamb `mKßƒ ASn

kvYm\am°n B\p]mXnIambn

Hcp {Xnam\Nn{Xw \n¿an°m\m

hpw. km[mcW FSp°mdp≈

a\pjys‚ t^mt´m F∂m¬

hn]n˛8 sSIv\nIv D]tbmKn®v

s{]m kv sNbvXt∏mƒ a\pjy

cq]Øns‚ \navt\m∂X Xeßƒ

hyIvXam°p∂ Hcp {]IrXnZØ

amb Nn{Xw e`n°m\mhiyamb

aXnbmb ASnkvYm\ hnhcßƒ

b{¥Øn\v e`n®n√. Xncp»oe

t\cn´v t^mt´m FSpØt∏mgmWv

AXve`n®Xv. AXpsIm≠v Nne

kn≤m¥ßƒ \n¿tZin°p∂Xv

t]mse Xncp»oe Hcp t^mt´m

{Km^nIv CtaPv A√ F∂ Imcyw

Dd∏mWv.

hfsc aμKXn¬ ]ptcmKan

°p∂ Xncp»oe KthjWßƒ

XpS°ØnemWv. Hcp KthjI

kwLw cq]oIcn®v Sqdn\n¬

t]mhm\pw Xncp»oe ka{Kambn


]cntim[n°m\pw Xocpam\n®p.

1978¬ t^mt´m{Km^¿ _mco

tjm¿´vkv temkv Aetamkv

]co£W imebn¬ Hcp

I¨k¬´‚ v t^mt´m{Km^dmbn

tPmensNøm≥ Icmdp≠m°n,

Ipd®v Bgv®Iƒ°v tijw AtX

IcmdpImc≥ tjm¿Svkns\ hnfn®v

Xncp»oe s{]mPIvSn¬

tPmensNøm≥ Xm¬]cys∏Sptam

F∂v tNmZn®p. tjm¿S vkn\v

PohnXw apgph≥ A`n\nthiw

\nd™ Bthiw \¬Ip∂Xmbn

cp∂p AXv . {]mamWnIamb

t^mt´m{Km^¿ F∂\ne°v

tjm¿Svkn\mbncp∂p KthjW

ZuXyØns‚ NpaXe. A©p

ZnhksØ amctØm¨ Kthj

Ww aptJ\ C∂v hscbp≈

Xncp»oebpsS A]{KY\w

\SØpIbp≠mbn.

F∂m¬ Fßs\bmWv

2000 sIm√w ]g°ap≈ Xncp»oe

sb A]{KYn°m≥ km[n°pI?

hfsc kq£vaambn ]Xnt\gp

amkØne[nIap≈ Bkq{XW

Øn\v tijambncp∂p B bm{X.

Bhiyamb Hcp kab ]ńI

Xømdm°n. A©pZnhkw Kthj

Ww \SØn. hniZoIcWw

Cßs\bmWv.

KthjW kwLw sIm≠p

h∂ 80 acs∏ńIfnsem∂v

Xncp»oe \nh¿Ønsh°m\p≈

{]tXyI taibmbncp∂p. AXv

\oßnt∏mImXncn°m≥ tZmjIc

a√mØ Im¥ßƒ sh®ncp∂p.

{]tXyIw cq]s∏SpØnb

Iymadbpw AXv Nen∏n°m\p≈

sdbnepw D≠mbncp∂p. AXp hgn

`mKßfmbn Xncp»oebpsS

t^mt´m FSpØv IqńtbmPn

∏n®m¬ apgph≥ Nn{Xw IrXy

ambn e`n°m\mWv Cßs\

sNøp∂Xv. c≠v Npcpƒ kz¿W

XInSpIƒ D≠v. CXv D]{Kl

Øn¬ D]tbmKn°p∂XmWv. Cu

{]tXyI taita¬ sh® Dcp°v

{Zhn®n´p≠mbncp∂p. AXnt∑¬

Xncp»oe sh°p∂Xn\v apºv

taita¬ a‰pNne D]IcWßƒ

IqSn sht°≠Xp≠mbncp∂p.

Sqdn≥ KthjWØnse

hfsc kq£vaamb Bkq{XW

Øn\v as‰mcp DZmlcWw

Xncp»oe bYm¿Y kvYm\Øv

\n¬°m≥ sh® Im¥Øns‚

s]mSn Xncp»oebn¬ hogmXncn

°m≥ Im¥w sS^vtfm¨

]qinbncp∂p. ckX{¥Soans‚

Xeh≥ 3M Iº\nbn¬ ( H´p∂

Post-its F∂v Adnbs∏Sp∂ Hcp

Xcw tS]v \n¿ΩmXm°ƒ)

t]mbncp∂p. Sqdn≥ XncpI®bn¬

AhinjvSßsfm∂pw Ahtijn

∏n°mXncn°m\p≈ Hcp {]tXyI

tS∏v \n¿an°m\mbncp∂p AXv.

At∏mƒ Cu KthjW ZuXy

Øns‚ A¥na êw F¥mbncp

∂p.? Cu KthjI∑m¿°v

Xncp»oebn¬ {]Xncq]w D≠m

hm≥ ImcWßƒ Fs¥ms°

bmsW∂v Is≠Øphm≥ km[n

®ncp∂n√ F¶nepw Cu {]Xncq]w

Fs¥√mambncp∂n√ F∂v

KthjI∑m¿ Is≠Øn.

Xncp»oebnse Cu {]Xncq]w Hcp

t^mt´m{Km^v Bbncp∂n√.

s]bn‚ nßpw Bbncp∂n√.

bYm¿YØn¬ Xncp»nebn¬ Cu

{]Xncq]w D≠mhm\p≈ ImcW

sa¥v? AXv Ct∏mgpw Hcp

\nKqV clkyambn Ahtijn

°p∂p.

Sqdn\nse Xncp»oesb∂v

\mw tIń´ps≠¶nepw HhnUnbm

bnse kpZmcnbw (Sudarium ofOviedo) F∂ Hcp intcmhkv{X

sØ°pdn®v an°hmdpw \mw tI´p

ImWn√. Cu sNdnb intcm

hkv{XØn\v Sqdn≥ Xncp»oe

bpambn AKm[amb _‘ap≠v.

2017se Sqdn≥ Xncp»oe tIm¨

{^≥kn\v HhnUnbmbnse

kpZmcnbw N¿®°v hnjbambn.

Cu ioebpsS temI {]ikvX

KthjI\pw `mjm imkv{X⁄

\pw kpZmcnbw Ncn{X KthjI

\pamb am¿°v Kkn¿ (MarkGuscin) CuktΩf\Øn¬

lmPcmhpIbpw c≠mw Znhkw

ktΩf\sØ A`nkwt_m[\

sNøpIbpw sNbvXp. kvs]bv\n

se HhoUntbm IØo{Uen¬

(Cathedral of Oviedo, in Spain)kq£n°s∏ńcn°p∂ kpZmcnb

sØ Ipdn®v Kkn¿ ktΩf\

Øn¬ hnhcn®p. CXv Hcp

{]tXyI apdnbnemWv kq£n°

s∏ńcn°p∂Xv. AhnsS a‰p ]e

ùXnImhinjvSßfpw Xncptijn

∏mbn kq£n°s∏ń´p≠v.

Ahbn¬ \nch[n hkvXp°ƒ

B[nImcnItam bYm¿YØn¬

D≈tXm A√. kpZmcnbw F∂

Cu IjWw ioe°v Sqdn≥

Xncp»oebpambn sXfn™

hyIvXamb bmsXmcp _‘hp

an√.

bYm¿YØn¬ Cu ioe

hfsc A{][m\ambXmWv

F∂mbncp∂p KWn°s∏ńcp∂

Xv . CtX Ipdn® v 1980 hsc

Kuchamb bmsXmcp KthjW

hpw \S∂nń√. F∂m¬ kpZmcn

bw F∂ Cusbmcp IjWw ioe

KthjWØn\v hnt[bam°nb

t∏mƒ tdma≥ ImeØv apJsØ

hnb¿∏v XpS°m≥ D]tbmKn®Xm

sW∂v Is≠Øn. Cu ioe ]e

{]mhiyw aS°nbXpw Npfp°v

hoWXpambncp∂p. AXn¬

cIvX°dIfpw ASbmfßfpap

≠mbncp∂p. B {Zhw izmkw

apép≠mhptºmƒ izmktImi

Ønep≠mhp∂XmWv. AXns‚

A¿Yw B ioebn¬ I≠

cIvX{ZhØns‚ DSa izmkw apń

acn®bmfmsW∂mWv. ioebpsS

ta¬`mKØp≈ Id Np≠pIfn¬

\n∂p≈XmWv. Kkn≥ ]dbp∂p:

bYm¿YØn¬ apSn cIvXhpambn

tN¿∂v I´]nSn®ncp∂p. KthjI

∑m¿ Hcp amXrI XetbmSpIqSn

B IdIƒ ]p\¿\n¿an°m≥

{ian°pIbmsW¶n¬ B Id

bp≠mIp∂Xv Xe t\scbmbn

cn°pIbpw ssIIƒ \oń


sh°pIbpw sNøptºmgmWv

F∂v ImWmw. Xe Hcp

`mKtØ°v 45 an\n´v apX¬ Hcp

aWn°q¿ hsc Ncn®p sh°Ww.

XpWnbpambn tN¿∂p\n∂

icocw {Iqin°s∏´XmsW¶n¬

am{Xta CXv \ntj[n°m≥

IgnbmØ sXfnhmIpIbp≈q.

AXpsIm≠v icocw Xo¿®bmbpw

{IqioIcWhpambn _‘s∏´

XmWv.

AXn\m¬ ioebn¬ I≠

cIvXhpambn _‘s∏´ Bƒ

{Iqi n°s∏´Xmb nc n°Ww .

]t£ Cu Xncp»oebpambn

_‘s∏´XmsW∂Xn\v IqSpX¬

sXfnhv C√. F∂m¬ Hcp

ImcyØn¬ AXmbXv Xncp»oe

bnepw kpZmcnbØnepw Is≠

ØnbXv Htc cIvX{Kq∏n¬

s]´XmWv. AXnep]cn Poh

cIvXhpw (AXmbXv {IqioIcn

°s∏´ hyIvXn Poht\msSbncn

°ptºmfmWv cIvXw ]pdtØ

s°mgpInbXv) cIvX°dbpsS

]cntim[\bn¬ kpZmcnbØnepw

Xncp»oebnepw D≈cIvXw Htc

hn[Ønep≈Xmbncp∂p F∂m

Wv Is≠ØnbXv. c≠v kvYetØ

°v k©cns®Ønb c≠v ioeI

fpw Htc DdhnSØn¬ \n∂p≈Xm

sW∂v CXv aptJ\ \nKa\w

\SØmhp∂XmWv.

hfsb[nIw ⁄m\ \n¿`c

amb \mep skj\pIfn¬

{]mkwKnI∑m¿ Xncp»oebpsS

hyXykvX hißƒ AhXcn

∏n®p. AhnsSbp≈ Xncp»oe

IΩn‰nbnse A`n⁄cmb

kZkycpambn kwhZn®p.

AXnYnIfpsS tNmZyßƒ°v

adp]Sn ]d™p. tNmtZymØc

kZ n¬ D≠mbncp∂h¿ A[nI

t]cpw AlvaZnøm PamAØnse

kv{XoIfmbncp∂p. tNmtZymØc

]m\en¬ _mcntjm¿Svkv , ]mw

aq¨ (At±lw Xncp»oebpsS

Hcp icn]I¿∏v sIm≠p

h∂ncp∂p). tUhnkv tdmƒ^,v

{_qtWm _m¿ _dokv lyqKvsj

sd (Sqdn≥ Xncp»oebpsS {_nójv

skmssk‰n \yqkv se‰dns‚

FUn‰¿) AlvaZnøm apkvenw

PamAØns‚ _lpam\ycmb

Hcp {InkvXp aX]finX≥

]mInkvXm\nse d_vhbn¬ \n∂v

h∂ncp∂p. alvaqZ v \mkn¿

AlvaZ v F∂v t]cp≈ B

]finX≥ tNmtZymØcØn¬

]s¶SpØp. ao¿ alvaqZv \mkn¿

AlvaZmWv. At±lw Hcp

KthjW kwLØns‚ Xeh\m

Wv. Hcp XpWnbn¬ a¿lsa

Cukm marham-i-Isa’ AYhm

‘O intment of Jesus’ F∂

Huj[w ]pcńbtijw Poh\p

≈ icocw Fßs\ B XpWnbn

¬ ]Xn∏n°m≥ km[n°pw

F∂Xmbncp∂p At±lØns‚

KthjWw. Cu Hmbn¬sa‚ns\

°pdn®v AlvaZnøm apkvenw

PamAØns‚ kvYm]Icmb

lZvdØv ao¿km Kpemw AlvaZv

JmZnbm\n (A) 1899 ¬ FgpXnb

akolv lnμpkvYm≥ sa F∂

{KŸØn¬ {]Xn]mZn®n´p≠v.

{IqioIcWØn\v tijw tbip

hns‚ {hWßfn¬ Cu Hmbn¬

sa‚ v ]pcńbXmbn hnhcn°

s∏ń´p≠v. ao¿ aplΩZv Xs‚

KthjW {]_‘Øns‚ Hcp

tIm∏nbpw Hmbn¬sa‚ v Hm^v

Pokkns‚ kmºnfpw _lp

am\ycmb F√m {]`mjI∑m¿

°pw \¬Inbn´p≠v. tNmtZymØ

c kZ n¬ At±lØns‚

BZysØ tNmZyw F¥psIm≠m

Wv Xncp»nebn¬ Xm¬]cyap≈

hcpsS kaqlw Fs‚ coXnbn¬

At\zjWw \SØmØXv F∂m

bncp∂p. Btembpw aqdpw tN¿∂

an{inXw D]tbmKn®v en\≥

XpWnbn¬ Hcp CtaPv krjvSn

°m≥ {ian°mØsX¥v F∂mbn

cp∂p B tNmZyw.

tNmtZymØc kZ v

kPohamIm\p≠mb Hcp LSIw

]m≥ aqWns‚ AXv`pXIcamb

{]Z¿i\ t_m¿UpIfpsS

km∂n≤yambncp∂p. {]Z¿i\

Ønse G‰hpw BI¿jIambXv

Xncp»oebpsS Bƒ hen∏Ønep

≈ Hcp icn]I¿∏pw AXns‚

hyXykvX hißƒ {]Xn]mZn°p

∂ Nn{Xßfpambncp∂p. ]m≥

hfsc A≤zm\n®v Xs‚ Fem

t_m¿Upw anUv em‚Uvkn¬

\n∂pw FØn®XmWv. AtXmsSm

∏w AhcpsS Soans‚ Iqsd

Xncp»oe hnZKv[scbpw sIm≠p

h∂ncp∂p. AXns‚ hniZ

hnhcßƒ kμ¿iI¿°v \¬Ip

Ibpw sNbvXp.

tIm¨^d≥kn¬ an°

{]`mjIscbpw AXv`pXs∏SpØn

b Hcp Imcyw Hcp {InkvXy≥

Xncptijn∏ns\°pdn®v apkvenw

Iƒ Hcp tIm¨^d≥kv

\SØp∂p F∂XmWv. am{Xa√

AXn¬ ]s¶SpØ {]`mjIsc

IqSpX¬ hnkvab`cnXcm°nbXv

tIm¨^d≥kn¬ AlvaZnøm

kaqlØnse kv{XoIfpsS

kPohkm∂n≤yambnc p∂p .

Ah¿ hfsc Xm¬]cytØmsS

tNmtZymØc skj\n¬

]s¶SpØpsIm≠v tNmZyw

tNmZn°pIbp≠mbn F∂XmWv

Ahsc BivNcys∏SpØnbXv.

Xßƒ Sqdn≥ Xncp»oe kq£n®

Sqdn≥ \KcØn¬ sh®v t]mepw

C{Xbpw {]_p≤cmb t{imXm

°sf I≠nńs√∂v AhnsSsb

Ønb {]`mjIcpw Sqdn≥

hnZKv[cpw ]d™p. kv{XoIƒ

tNmZyw tNmZn°pIbpw DØcw

In´p∂Xv hsc AXv XpScpIbpw

sNbvXp. Cu A¥¿tZiob

ktΩf\w Sqdn\nse Xncp»oe

bpsS AXv`pXIcamb Ncn{Xw,

aX]camb {]m[m\yw ]cnlcn°

s∏Sm≥ IgnbmØ \nKqVX

F∂oLSIßƒ F√m taJe

bn¬ \n∂p≈hscbpw ChnsS

H∂n∏n®ncn°p∂p.

(hnh: sI. l ≥ tImb,

tImgnt°mSv Review of Religion,Jan 2018)


kvt\lw a\pjy¿°pw a‰p

P¥p°ƒ°pw s]mXphmbp≈Xm

Wv. kvt\lØns‚ FXncmbn´p

≈Xv shdp∏mWt√m. {]IrXn

ZØamb Cu c≠p hnImcßfpw

[m¿anI KpWambn am‰pIbmWv

Bhiyw. \ap°v F√m‰nt\bpw

kvt\ln°phm\pw F√m‰nt\bpw

shdp°m\pw km≤ya√. F∂m¬

Cu hnImcßƒ {]ISn∏n°p∂

Xn¬ \nb{¥Wßfpw ]cn[n

\n›bßfpw BhiyamWv.

\ap°v Bhiyambn´p≈

hkvXp°sf, As√¶n¬ \ap°v

Bizmkw \¬IpItbm, \ΩpsS

C{μnbßƒ°v B\μw \¬IpI

tbm sNøp∂ hkvXp°sf \mw

kvt\ln°p∂p. CXv \∑sbm∂p

a√. Fs¥∂m¬ Cu kvt\l

hnImcw P¥p°ƒ°p klPam

bn´p≈XmWv. kvt\lw Hcp

[m¿anI KpWambn amdp∂Xv ap∂p

hn[ØnemWv. H∂v icnbmb

A\p]mXØn¬ {]ISn∏n°s∏Sp

tºmƒ. AXmbXv Hcmƒ as‰m

cmtf°mƒ IpSpX¬ kvt\ln°

s∏Sp∂Xn\v A¿l\msW¶n¬

Abmƒ°Xv e`n°pamdmIWw.

c≠v `mhnbn¬ e`n°p∂

KpWêßfnep≈ {]Xymi

bpsS ASnÿm\Øn¬. {]ISn∏n

°s∏Sp∂Xnt\°mƒ apºv

e`n®n´p≈ KpWêßƒ°p≈

\μn `mhsØ ASnÿm\s∏Sp

Ønbn´p≈XmIptºmƒ. BZy

tØXp kzm¿Y emt`NvObpsS

ASnÿm\Ønep≈XmsW¶n¬

c≠matØXv _m≤yXbpsS

ASnÿm\Ønep≈XmWv. ap∂v

DS≥ e`n°p∂ KpWê

sØb√msX hnZpc `mhnbn¬

e`n°m\ncn°p∂ KpWêsØ

ASnÿm\am°nbp≈XmIptºmƒ.

Cu \neIfn¬ kvt\lw Hcp

[m¿anI KpWambn amdp∂p. Cu

ap∂p \nb¥Wßƒ°pw hn

t[bambn kvt\l hnImcw Hcp

klP hnImcw am{Xa√msX Hcp

DØa [m¿anI KpWambnamdp∂p.

Cu ap∂p \n_‘\Ifpw

hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ \n¿tZin®n´p

≈XmWv. Jp¿B≥ ]dbp∂p:

\nßfpsS amXm]nXm°

fpw \nßfpsS a°fpw \nßfp

sS ktlmZc∑mcpw \nßfpsS

`mcyamcpw \nßfpsS `¿Øm°

∑mcpw \nßfpsS D‰hcpw

\nßƒ kºmZn®v sh® apXep

Ifpw, tamiamIpsa∂v \nßƒ

t]Sn®pIgnbp∂ \nßfpsS hmk

ÿeßfpw cayl¿aßfpw

A√mlphns\°mfpw Ahs‚

dkqens\°mfpw ssZham¿K

Ønep≈ {]bXv\ßsf°mfpw

\nßƒ°v {]nb¶cambn´p≈

XmsW¶n¬ \nßsf°pdn®p≈

Hcp ssZh hn[nsb ImØncp∂p

sImƒI.! XßfpsS DØchmZn

Øßƒ hnkvacn°p∂hsc

A√mlp t\¿hgnbnem°p∂n√.

(9:24)

\ΩpsS kvt\lw, A¿ln

°p∂htcmS v ]pe¿tØ≠

kvt\lØns‚ A\p]mXamWv

ChnsS hnhcn®n´p≈Xv. kvt\lw

F∂ klP hnImcsØ Hcp

[m¿anI KpWam°nam‰Wsa¶n¬

\ΩpsS kvt\lw \n›nXamb

A\p]mXØnep≈Xmbncn°Ww.

HtcmcpØcptSbpw ]ZhnIfpw

\nebpw A\pkcn®p≈Xmbncn

°Ww, amXm]nXm°∑mscbpw

`mcyamscbpw Ahsc\nes°m

Øpw kvt\lnt°≠XmWv.

A{]Imca√mØ ]£w kvt\lw

shdpsamcp hnImc {]IS\w

am{Xambncn°pw. DZmlcWambn

`mcy°v th≠n Hcmƒ amXm

]nXm°∑msc ssIshSnbpI

bmsW¶n¬, kz¥w apXepIƒ

kwc£n°mXncn°m\mbn P∑

\mSns‚ hnfn tIƒ°mXncn°pI

bmsW¶n¬ AØcsamcmƒ

kvt\ln°p∂p F∂Xv sIm≠v

am{Xw \√h\mbn IcpXmhp∂

X√ Xs∂. F∂m¬ AXv

bp‡nbpw hnthIhpw aqew

\nb{¥®nń√msb¶n¬ Hcp

[m¿anI KpWamIp∂n√.

c≠masØ \n_‘\

Hcmƒ Ct∏mƒ A\p`hn°p∂

KpWêßsftbm, `mhnbn¬

A\p`hn°m\ncn°p∂ KpWê

ßsftbm ]cnKWn®p sIm≠ncn

°p∂ kvt\lamWv. A\p`hn®p

sIm≠ncn°p∂ KpWêßsf

At]£n®v A\p`hs∏´pIgn

™ KpWêßfpsS ASnÿm

\Ønep≈ kvt\l {]IS\amWv

DØa [¿aw. Cu \n_‘\

kvt\lw F∂ hnImcwHuNnXy t_m[tØmsS {]ISn∏n°ptºmƒ am{XamWv kvt\lw F∂

klP hnImcw Hcp [m¿anI KpWambn amdp∂Xv.

lZvdØv an¿km _iodp±o≥ alvaqZv AlaZv (d)

teJ\w


sh®p t\m°nbm¬ a°tfmSp≈

kvt\lw tIhew Hcp klP

hnImchpw amXm]nXm°tfmSp≈

kvt\lw Hcp [m¿anI KpWam

sW∂pw ImWmw. amXm]nXm°

∑m¿°v a°tfmSp≈ kvt\lw

Xeapd \ne\n¿Øm\p≈ klP

t{]cWbpsS {]IS\amIp∂p.

amXm]nXm°ƒ a°tfmSp A\p

h¿Øn°m≥ {]IrXn \n›bn®

[¿aßƒ Ah apºp Xs∂

\n¿hln®p Ign™ncn°bm¬

AhcpsSbm hnImcw {]tbmP\

an√mØXmWv. F∂m¬ amXm]nXm

°tfmS v Hcp ]p{X{≥ ImWn

t°≠ kvt\lmZcw Hcp [m¿anI

KpWamIp∂p. amXm]nXm°fn¬

\n∂v Xs‚ ssiihØnepw

_meyØnepw, e`n®pIgn™

D]ImcØns‚ kvacW F∂

\nebn¬ Ah¿ ImWn® kvt\l

hmbv]n\v ]Icambn AhtcmSpw

kvt\lmZcßƒ ImWn°pIbpw

Xt‚Xmb F√mw kwXyPn®pw

Ah¿°v F√m kpJßfpw

Bizmkßfpw Hcp°phm≥

HcpßpIbpw BWv Ah¿

sNøp∂Xv. AXpsIm≠v Xs∂

bmWv ‘kz¿Kw amXmhns‚

Imen\SnbnemWv ’ F∂v Ckvemw

]dbp∂Xv. kz¿Kw a°fpsS

Imen\SnbnemsW∂v ]d™n√.

_p≤nbp≈ GsXmcmfpw a°sf

kzm`mhnIambpw kvt\ln°pw.

F∂m¬ F√mhcpw XßfpsS

amXm]nXm°sf kzm`mhnIambpw

kvt\ln°Wsa∂n√. adn®v

kz¥w a°fpsS \n mc Imcyß

sf ap≥\n¿Øn amXm]nXm°

∑msc Isømgn®Xnte°p F{X

tbm DZmlcWßƒ FSpØp

ImWn°m\mhpw. CXv DØa

[m¿anI KpWamsW∂v Bsc¶n

epw ]dbptam?

kvt\lw Hcp klP

hnImcsa∂ \nebn¬ [m¿anI

KpWambn amdp∂Xn\mhiyamb

ap∂masØ D]m[n DSs\

e`n°p∂ KpWêsØbpw

kpJm\p`pXntbbpw am{Xa√msX

hnZpc `mhnbnse KpW êsØ

B{ibn®ncn°Ww AsX∂Xm

Wv. Hcmƒ Hcp hkvXphns\

kvt\ln°p∂p F∂p IcpXpI.

B kvt\lw AbmfpsS aX

hnizmksØtbm [m¿anIXtb

tbm {]Xy£Øn¬ A]ISs∏Sp

Øp∂XpamWv. Aßs\ hcp

tºmƒ B kvt\lw shdpsamcp

kzm`mhnI hnImca√msX [m¿an

I KpWamIp∂n√. Fs¥∂m¬

Aßs\bp≈ kvt\lØns‚

A\nhmcy êw \√X√ NoØ

Xs∂bmbncn°pw. as‰mcpZmlc

Ww Hcp amXmhv Xs‚ Ipńsb

Ahs‚ sX‰pIp‰ßsf

Bkv]Zam°n imkn°phm≥

Hcpßp∂ns√∂v hnNmcn°pI.

AXv Aht\mSp≈ kvt\lw

sIm≠msW¶n¬ Cu kvt\lw

shdpsamcp hnImc {]IS\a√m

sX [m¿anI KpWamIp∂n√.

[m¿anI KpWamIWsa¶n¬

Ipńsb imkn°pIbpw sX‰p

XncpØm≥ t{]cn∏n°pIbpw

BWv sNtø≠nbncp∂Xv .

ImcWw IpńbpsS bYm¿Y \∑

B L´Øn¬ Ahs\ imkn

°p∂XnemWv. Xmtemen°p∂

Xn√. CXv kw_‘n®v hnip≤

Jp¿B≥ \¬Ip∂ ]mTanXmWv:

‘A√tbm hnizmknItf bYm¿Y

amb kvt\lw CXmWv \nßƒ

\nßsf Xs∂bpw \nßfpsS

`mcyma°sfbpw \miØn¬

\n∂v c£n°pho≥! ’(66:7)

Cu Iq´Øn¬ F\nt°‰

hpanjvSs∏´ ]Zw HackamoreBWv. I∂pImenIsf _‘n

°m\p]tbmKn°p∂ aq°pIbdm

WnXv. Ad_n ]Zamb Sakima sb

{]Xnên∏n°p∂ A¥eq¥yjy

≥ ]Zamb Jaquima \n∂v

cq]s∏´XmWv Cu ]Zw.

C\n arKßfpsS \nd

hyXymkßsf kp£vaambn

kqNn∏n°p∂ ]e ]Zßfpw

Ch¿°nSbnep≠v. ]cntim[n

®m¬ ChbpsSsbms°bpw

{]`hw Ad_nbmsW∂v sXfnbn

°m≥ Ignbpw. Iut_mbvIƒ

Cßs\ IpXncIfptSbpw I∂p

ImenIfpsSbpw sNΩcnbmSns‚

t]mepw \ndßƒ°v {]tXyIw

t]cpIƒ D]tbmKn®pt]mcp∂p.

Rm≥ If¿ ssª‚ v(Nne

h¿Wßƒ ImWm≥ IgnbmØ

tcmKw) BbXn\m¬ Cu

t]cpIƒ a\ nem°nsbSp°m≥

F\n°v Ipd®v kabw ]nSn®p.

F¶nepw. Almagre(Hcn\w

Xpcpºp \ndap≈ IpXnc) Fs‚

{i≤bn¬ s∏SpI Xs∂ sNbvXp.

Cu t]cv Nph∂ aÆv F∂¿∞w

hcp∂ Ad_n ]Zw Al-magrabn¬ \n∂pw h∂XmsW∂v

F\n°v Adnbmambncp∂p.

h¿Wßsf kw_‘n® ]ZØn

¬ Fs∂ G‰hpw Gsd Ipg∏n

®Xv aq°v apX¬ hme‰w hsc

Xpcpºn® {_u¨\ndap≈

IpXncsb hnfn°p∂ Alice-AnnF∂ t]cmWv. CXv Ad_nbnse

Al-azam(Nph∂ acØSn)bn¬

\n∂pamsW∂v Xncn®dnbm≥

Ipd®v _p≤napń. Cu ASpØv

Alice-Ann F∂ hm°ns‚

Zzbm¿Yw D]tbmKn®v Pm°v

Fs∂mcmsfgpXnb \¿a IhnX

hmbn°m\nSbmbn.

On the frontier a cowboy’s bestgalwas called AliceAnn, ant not salThe trick is, of couse,That this friend was a horseso an Alice could be a male palAßXn¿Ønbn¬ Hcp

Iut_mbpsS \√ Iq´pImcnsb

Beokv B≥ F∂mWv

hnfn®ncp∂Xv, km¬ F∂√.

AXmWv henb Xamibpw

B kplrØp≠t√m AsXmcp

IpXncbmWv

At∏mƒ Nnet∏mƒ Beokv Hcp

BÏpńbpamImw.

t]Pv 21 ¬ \n∂v XpS¿®


lZvdØv an¿km Kpemw

AlvaZp¬ JmZnbm\n(A) _dm

los\ AlvaZnø F∂ Xs‚

{]Ya {KŸw 1880¬ BWv

{]kn≤oIcn®Xv . C…mans‚

al\obXbpw a‰v aXßƒ°n

√mØ t{ijvTXbpw shfns∏Sp

Øp∂ \nch[n sXfnhpIƒ

\ncØns°ms≠gpXnb B

al¬ {KŸw C¥ybn¬ F√mbn

SØpw Xs∂ tImfnf°w krjvSn

®p. Hcp `mKØv I]Shnizmkn

Ifpw _lpssZhmcm[Icpw

\ncoizchmZnIfpw, thsdmcp

`mKØv BcykamP°mcpw

{_lvakamP°mcpw {InkvXob

]finXcpw tN¿∂v C…mans\

Atßb‰w IS∂m{Ian°pIbpw

sImØnhen°pIbpw sNøp∂

Imeambncp∂p AXv. C…man

s∂Xncn¬ D∂bn°s∏Sp∂

Btcm]Wßƒ°v adp]Sn

]dbm≥ Bcpw C√mØ Ahÿ.

]ecpw C…mw Dt]£n®v a‰v

aXßfn¬ A`bw tXSn. AXp

ImcWw C…mans\ {]Xntcm[n®p

sIm≠pw AXns‚ at\mlmcnX

bpw a‰ v aXßƒ°n√mØ

kuμcyhpw hnimeXbpw sXfn

hpIƒ klnXw cNn°s∏´ B

{KŸsØ C¥ybnse ap…nw

kaqlw H∂S¶w s\©nte‰n

s°m≠v Zo¿Lamb AhtemI\

ßfpw dnhypIfpw {]iwkIfpw

sIm≠v aqSn. auem\m aplΩZv

lpssk≥ _´mehn, kq^n

AlvaZv Pm≥ kmln_v ep[nbm\

hn, _m•qcn¬ \n∂v ]pds∏Sp∂

a≥iq¿ aplΩZn F∂ ]{XØn

s‚ ]{Xm[n]cmbncp∂ auem\

aplΩZv ico v̂ AlvaZv kmln_n

s\ t]mep≈ {]ikvXcpw

{]Kev`cpamb ]finX¿ Cu

{KŸsØ ap‡IWvTw {]iwkn

°pIbpw dnhyp FgpXpIbpw

C°gn™ \q‰m≠pIfnsem∂n

epw CØcw {KŸw cNn°s∏ńń

√ F∂v D¬tLmjn°pIbpw

sNbvXp.

F∂m¬ lZvdØv an¿km

Kpemw AlvaZp¬ JmZnbm\n(A)

∂v A√mlphn¬ \n∂p≠mb

\nc¥camb shfn]mSpIfptSbpw

C¬lmapIfptSbpw shfn®Øn

¬ At±lw 1885 am¿®n¬ Hcp

hn⁄m]\ØneqsS Xm≥

hmKvZØ akolpw alvZnbpam

sW∂ hmZw ]pds∏Sphn®t∏mƒ

C¥ybpsS \m\m`mKØv \n∂pw

i{Xp°ƒ Ak`yh¿jw sNmcn

™psIm≠v B ]pWymXvamhn

s\ `¿’n°m\pw am\knIambn

t{Zmln°phm\pw XpSßn. C¥y

bnse Adnbs∏Sp∂ ]finX¿

H∂n®v tN¿∂v an¿km kmln_n

s\Xncn¬ H∏v tiJcn°pIbpw

kwbp‡ {]kvXmh\bneqsS

\DuZp_n√mlv Cbmƒ Im^ndpw

Z÷mepw I≈hmZnbpw I‰ v

sIń∏dbp∂h\pamsW∂v sImń

tLmjn°pIbpw sNbvXp.

CXn¬ G‰hpw k¶SIcw

Hcn°¬ ap‡IWvTw {]iwkn

®ncp∂ _dmlos\ AlvaZnøm

F∂ {KŸsØ i{XpX \nanØw

ep[nbm\bnepw AarXkdnepap

≈ ]finX¿ X≈n∏dbpIbpw

B {KŸØn¬ tN¿Øncn°p∂

C¬lmapIƒ, Ahnizk\ob

hpw A_≤PUnehpw ASnÿm

\clnXhpamsW∂v ]d™psIm

≠v an¿km kmln_ns∂Xncn¬

\nba\S]SnIƒ ssIsImt≈W

sa∂pw, CbmfpsS {KŸw I≠v

sI´Wsa∂pw k¿°mdnt\mSv

Bhiys∏´psIm≠v apdhnfn

Iq´pIbp≠mbn. i{Xp°fpsS

Cu \ne]mSns\°pdn®v lZvdØv

akolv auDuZv(A)Xs‚ Hcp

Ad_n {KŸØn¬ FgpXpIbm

Wv,

P\ßƒ°v DƒImgvNtbm

SpIqSn {]t_m[\w sNøm≥

Ah≥ A√mlp F\n°v t\cn´v

\n¿tZiw \¬In. At∏mƒ

AhcpsS {]XnIcWw, s\dnsI´

NoØbpw Im^n¿ F∂p≈

^Xvhbpw hymPmtcm]Whpw

ieys∏SpØepw am{Xw. GsX

√mw XcØnep≈ NoØbpt≠m

AsX√mw Ahscs∂ hnfn®p.

]s£, AtX ssienbn¬ Rm\

h¿°v adp]Sn \¬Inbn√. Ahcp

sS {]kwKßfpw {]`mjWßfpw

Rm≥ hI sh®Xpan√. AhcpsS

NoØhnfn IqSn°qSn h∂p.

Aßs\ Ielw Bfn°Øn.

]e ZrjvSm¥ßfpw Ah¿ I≠p.

]e ASbmfßfpambn Ah¿

_‘s∏´p. ]t£ AsX√mw

Ah¿ \ntj[n®p. Ipsd Ir{Xna

ßfpw kzbw sa\s™SpØ

\yq\XIfpambn Ahscs‚

lZvdØv akolv auDuZn(A)s‚

i{Xp°fpw ssZhoI hmKvZm\ßfpw

teJ\w

C_v\p h^, tImgnt°mSv


t\sc NmSnhoWp. Fs∂ D]{Zhn

°m≥ th≠n Xmtg°nSbnep≈

BfpIsf Cf°nhn´p. Ahsc

klmbn°m≥ aXhntcm[nItf

bpw IrkvXym\nItfbpw Iq´p

]nSn®p. Fs∂ Im^ndm°m≥

]finX∑m¿ ^Xvh ]pds∏Sp

hn®p. Rm\pambp≈ F√m

_‘ßfpw hnNvtOZn°m\m

hiys∏´psIm≠v {]kn≤oIcW

ßƒ ]pdØp h∂p. Aßs\

Cu `qtKmfw apgph≥ Hcp

Nfn°p≠mIpw hn[w Fs‚

t\¿°v D]{Zhßƒ h¿jn®p

sIm≠ncp∂p. (ahmln_p¿

dlvam≥ t]Pv 16)

i{Xp°fpsS t{Zml\S]Sn

Iƒ I≠v B ]pWymXvamhv

HcWpt]mepw Ipepßnbn√.

A¬]w t]mepw `bs∏ń√.

ImcWw A√mlphn¬ \n∂p≈

km¥z\hpw klmb hmKvZm\ß

fpw, i{Xp°ƒ \nμycpw ]cmPn

XcmIpsa∂ Adnbn∏pIfpw

At±lØn\v e`n°p∂p≠mbncp

∂p. i{Xp°ƒ \nμycpw Cfn

`ycpamIp∂Xv At±lw ImWp

∂pap≠mbncp∂p.

1886 ^n{_phcn 20mw

XoøXn lZvdØv an¿km Kpemw

AlvaZp¬ JmZnbm\n(A) Hcp

hn⁄m]\ØneqsS Dss®kv

Xcw D¬tLmjn®p, k¿hi‡

\pw {]Xm]hm\pamb A√mlp

F\n°v kt¥mjhm¿Ø \¬In

s°m≠dnbn®ncn°p∂p, Fs‚

`h\w A\p{Klßƒ sIm≠v

\nd°s∏Spw. Fs‚ k¥m\

]cºc A‰vt]mImØXmbncn

°pw. XpS¿∂v A√mlp ]d™p,

\ns‚ \masØ temImhkm\w

hsc BZc]q¿hw \ne\n¿Øp∂

XmWv. \ns‚ ktμiw temIØn

s‚ tImWpItfmfw Rm≥ FØn

°p∂XmWv. \ns∂ \nμn°phm

\pw ]cmPbs∏SpØphm\pw

I®sIń h∂h¿ kzbw ]cmPn

XcmIpw. XßfpsS ]cmPbhpw

COm`wKhpw I≠v sIm≠h¿

acWØn\v IogSßpw. Rm≥

\n\°v ]cn]q¿W hnPbw

\¬Ip∂Xmbnc n°pw .\ ns∂

BXvam¿Yambn kvt\ln°p∂

hcpsS kwLØn¬ Rm≥

h¿[\hp≠m°pw. Ahcnepw

AhcpsS [\Ønepw kºØn

epw A\p{Klw sNmcnbp∂Xmbn

cn°pw. (hn⁄m]\w ˛ kndmsP

ap\o¿)

ho≠pw lZvdØv akolv

auDuZv(A) AcpƒsNøpIbmWv.

F√mhcpw Fs∂ Dt]£n

®psIm≠v AhchcpsS hgn°v

t]mbmepw F\n°v bmsXmcp

`bhpan√. A√mlp Ft∂msSm∏w

Ds≠∂ Imcyw F\n°v \∂mbn

Adnbmw. Rm≥ XI¿°s∏´mepw,

Rm≥ NX®c°s∏´mepw, Fs∂

a¨Xcntb°mƒ \n mcam°nbm

epw \mev `mKØv \n∂pw t{Zmln

°pIbpw NoØhnfn°pIbpw

im]h¿jw Fs‚ ta¬ sNmcn

bp∂Xv ImtW≠nh∂mepw

Ahkm\w hnPbn°p∂Xv Rm≥

Xs∂bmbncn°pw. Fs∂ Bcpw

a\ nem°nbnń√. Ft∂msSm∏

ap≈ Ah\√msX. Rms\mcn°

epw ]cmPbs∏SpItbm ]mgmhp

Itbm C√. i{Xp°fpsS {]bXv\

ßsf√mw Xs∂ hy¿YambnØo

cpw. Akqbmep°fpsS KqV

X{¥ßƒ sIm≠v Hcp {]tbmP

\hpap≠mhpIbn√. (A≥hmdp¬

C…mw)

1889 am¿®v 23˛mw XobXn

AlvaZnøm PamØn\v At±lw

AkvXnhmcan´p . A∂v B

]pWymflmhns‚ Iøn¬ 40 t]¿

ss_AØv sNbvXpsIm≠v Cu

PamAØn¬ {]thin®p. AXn\p

tijw \√hcpw kmXznIcpamb

BfpIƒ At±lsØ hmKvZØ

alvZnbpw akolpamsW∂v

hnizkn®psIm≠v PamAØn¬

{]thin°m≥ XpSßn. i{Xp°ƒ

PamAØnt\bpw akolv

auDuZv(A)t\bpw C√mXm°m≥

{ian°pt¥mdpw PamAØv

A`nhr≤ns∏´psImt≠bncp∂p.

PamAØv JmZnbm\n¬ \n∂pw

]pdØv IS∂v BZyw ]©m_n¬

]e ÿeßfnepw, AhnsS \n∂v

C¥ybn¬ F√mbnSØpw {]Ncn

®p. ]Xps° hntZicmPyßfn

te°pw IS∂p. i{XpXbpw

FXn¿∏pIfpw AX\pkcn®p

Xs∂ h¿≤n®v sIm≠ncp∂p.

1908 sabv 26˛mw XobXn B

]pWymXvamhv h^mØmbt∏mƒ

kmXznIcpw ]cnip≤cpw Bflm¿

Ycpamb Bbncßƒ PamAØn

¬ B ]pWymXvamhnt\msSm∏w

D≠mbncp∂p. At±lØns‚

acWhm¿Øbdn™ i{Xp°ƒ

kt¥mjn®p. C\n Cu {]ÿm\w

X\nsb C√mXmbn sIm≈psa∂

h¿ kam[m\n®p. F∂m¬ CX

hcpsS hymtamlw am{Xambncp

∂p.

1929 Unkw_dn¬ emtlmdn

¬ sh®v ap…nw t\Xm°ƒ

aPvensk Alvdmsd C…mw F∂

t]cn¬ Hcp kwLS\°v cq]w

\¬IpIbp≠mbn. {_nójv

Kh¨sa‚ns\Xncn¬ \n lIc

W {]ÿm\w \SØp∂ C¥r≥

\mjW¬ tIm¨{K ns‚

A\p{Klmin pItfmsS,AhtcmSv

]cn]q¿W hnt[bXzw {]ISn∏n

°p∂ Hcp cmjv{SobkwL\

bmbncp∂p AXv. k^den Jm≥,

kønZ v AXzmD√mlv imlv

_pJmcn, Nu[cn kønZv ^kvep

¬ l ≥, Nu[cn A^vk¬

lJv, sauehn A≥h¿ imlv

Iivaocn XpSßnb D∂Xcpw

{]ikvXcpamb t\Xm°fmbncp

∂p CXns‚ BZyIme kmcYn

Iƒ. sas√sas√ ChcpsS i‡n

bpw {]Xm]hpw h¿[n°pIbpw

Xßƒ Ft¥ms°tbm BsW

∂p kzbw [cn°pIbpw sNbvXp

sIm≠v AlvaZnøØns‚

]ptcmKXnbn¬ Akqbmep°

fmb Ch¿, PamAØns\ \in∏n

°phm\mbn apt∂m´ v h∂p.

PamAØns\Xncn¬ km≤yamb


F√m ^nXv\Iƒ°pw t\XrXzw

\¬IpIbpw F√m Xeßfnepw

PamAØns\ CSn®p XmgvØm\pw

\ninXambn hna¿in°m\pw

XpSßn.

1931 Unkw_dnse P¬k

kmem\bn¬ lZvdØv ap…nlv

auDuZv (d) {]kwKØneqsS

AlvcmcnItfmSv ]d™p, \nß

ƒ temIØnse apgph≥ `cWIq

Sßtfbpw a‰p i‡nItfbpw

Rßƒs°Xncn¬ AWn\ncØn

s°m≈q. F∂n´pw \nßƒ

hnPbn°pIbmsW¶n¬ Rßƒ

I≈hmZnIƒ. \nßfßs\

sNøpIbmsW¶n¬ \nßƒ

BtcmSmWv G‰papńbsX∂v

\nßƒ°v a\ nemIpw. \nßƒ

RßtfmS v G‰p apńbmepw

Rßƒ \nßtfmSv G‰p apńbm

epw XI¿∂v Xcn∏Wamhp∂Xv

\nßfmbncn°pw Xo¿®. CXv

A√mlphn\m¬ ÿm]nXamb

PamAØmWv. CXns\ hnPbn∏n

°pI F∂Xv A√mlp Xocp

am\n®pd® ImcramWv.Rßƒ

_elo\cpw Ai‡cpamsW∂

Imcrw Rßƒ°v \∂mbn

Adnbmw. F∂m¬ Rßƒ

A√mlphns‚ hmKvZm\Øn¬

Dd®p hnizkn°p∂p.

1934 ¬ aPvensk Alvdm¿

PamAØv AlvaZnømsb \in∏n

°phm\p≈ PnlmZns‚ apt∂mSn

bmbn JmZnbm\n¬ AhcpsS Hcp

Hmôkv Xpd∂p. Ah¿°v a‰p

ap…nw kwLS\bn¬ \n∂p

klmbhpw HØmibpw e`yambn

cp∂p.

1935¬ kmln_vkmZm

kønZv ss^kp¬ l ≥ ep[n

bm\bn¬ hensbmcp P\mhen

sb A`nkwt_m[\ sNbvXp,

Rm≥ ChnsS \nßfpsS ap∂n¬

\n∂p sIm≠v, JmZnbm\n an\md

bpw (an\mdØp¬ akolv)

AXns‚ ÿm]Icpw PamA

Øpw \in®v \mamhtijamIp∂

Xv \Ωƒ \ΩpsS IÆpsIm≠v

Bk∂`mhnbn¬ Xs∂ ImWp

sa∂v {]hN\w sNøp∂p F∂v

]dbpIbp≠mbn.

\Ωƒ cmjv{Sob\o°ßfn

eqsS JmZnbm\nIfpsS PohnXw

AXoh Zp: lam°pw. Rßƒ

]e ]≤XnIfpw Bkq{XWw

sNbvXn´p≠v . XmaknbmsX

AsXms°Xs∂ \S∏n¬ hcp

Øp∂XpamWv . Xo¿®bmbpw

A©v h¿jØn\Iw Ch¿ \in

s®mSpßpItbm, CXpt]£n®p

HmSnt∏mhpItbm sNøpw. CXn\m

bn henb henb BfpIƒ \tΩm

sSm∏ap≠v. AXneqsS aPvensk

Aldm¿ JmZnbm\nIsf XI¿

Øv Xcn∏Wam°n°fbp∂Xmbn

cn°pw F∂v as‰mcp t\Xmhpw

Xńhn´p.

1936 sabv 19mw XobXn

knbm¬tImń¬ \S∂ hºn®

ktΩf\sØ A`nkwt_m[\

sNbvXpsIm≠v, “an¿kmbnbØn

s‚ \miØn\mbn ]ecpw

apt∂m´ v h∂n´p≠mbncp∂p.

]ecpw ]e {iaßfpw \SØn

bncp∂p. F∂m¬ Cu ^nXv\

Fs‚ Icßfm¬ D∑qe\w

sNøs∏tSWsa∂mWv A√mlp

COn°p∂sX∂mWv a\ nemIp

∂Xv” F∂v aPvensk Alvdmsd

C…mans‚ kap∂X t\Xmhv

kønZ v AXzmD√mlv imlv

_pJmcn hfsc A`nam\ ]pc cw

{]Jym]n°pIbp≠mbn. Ad_n

°Sens\ t\m°ns°m≠v Cu

IS¬ sh≈w apgph\pw Rm≥

IpSn®v h‰n°pw F∂v ]dbp∂

aq∂v hb pImc≥ ]n©p_me

s‚ hmZw t]mse, Ct±lhpw

B{Klßƒ a\ n¬ t]dnsIm

≠v \ncmi\mbn aÏq\bn¬

Fs∂t∂°pambn ad™p.

1939G{]n¬ Ggv apX¬

HºXv hsc]nimhdn¬ \S∂

aPvensk Alvdmsd C…mans‚

AJnte¥ym ktΩf\Øn¬

A≤y£`mjWw \n¿hln®p

sIm≠v t\Xm°fn¬ Hcmfmb

Nu[cn A^vk¬ lJv, \Ωƒ

Hcn°epw A√mlphns‚ Imcp

WrtØbpw HuZmcytØbpw

Ipdn®v \ncmicmIcpXv Alvdm

dns‚ hnimeamb kwLS\m

i‡nbneqsS AlvaZnøsØ∂

^nXv\sb shdpw ]Øv h¿jw

sIm≠v Cu `qapJØv \n∂v

XpS®p \o°p∂Xmbncn°pw F∂v

bmsXmcp aSnbpw IqSmsX

{]Jym]n°pIbp≠mbn.]n∂oSv

NuZcn A^vk¬ lJpw At±lw

hochmZw apg°nb Alvdmdns‚

hnimeamb kwLS\m i‡nbpw

FhnsS? I≠n√?

Cu t\Xm°fn¬ ]ecptS

bpw A¥rw AXoh Zb\obambn

cp∂p. kl[¿ΩnWn t]mepw

AhKWn®v , kwc£n°mt\m

ip{iqjn°mt\m Bcpan√msX

kz¥w hnk¿PyØn¬ InS∂v

\cIPohnXw \bn®psIm≠ncp∂

kao¥m¿ ]{XØns‚ ]{Xm[n

]cpw AlvaZnøm PamAØns\

Xncn¬ Xs‚ ]{XØn¬ FgpXn

s°m≠ncp∂ ap≥\nc FXncmfn

Ifn¬ Hcmfpamb i‡\mb

k^den Jm\v Ahkm\ \mfn¬

sshZrklmbhpw ip{iqjbpw

\¬Inbncp∂Xv lvZdØv Jeo^

Øp¬ akolv km\n A¬

ap…nlv auDuZv (d) Bbncp∂p.

Ad∏pfhm°p∂ At±lØns‚

hncn∏n\cnIn¬ Bcpw sN∂n

cp∂n√. (i{Xp°fpsS ]X\Øn

s‚ IqSpX¬ hnhcßƒ°v

t\m°pI. (1) XmcotJ AlvaZnø

Øv hmfyw Bdv t]Pv490 - 91,

(2)lZvdØv akolv auDuZv Im

Dkveqs_ PnlmZv, By sauem\m

ebo°v AlvaZv Xzmln¿ kmln_v

e≠≥. t]Pv 38˛45)

aPvensk Alvdmsd C…m

ans‚ kap∂X\mb t\Xmhv,

AhcpsSK¿Pn°p∂ knwlambn

cp∂ kønZv AXzmD√mlv imlv

_pJmcn, tcmKnbpw Ahi\pamb

Ahkm\ \mfn¬ kt\lnXcpw

kl{]h¿ØIcpw _‘p°fpw


F√mw Xs∂ At±lØn¬ \n∂v

AI∂ncp∂p.klmbn°mt\m

ip{iqjn°mt\m Bcpw D≠mbn

cp∂n√. At±ltØmSv ]{X°m

c≥ tNmZn®p, auem\m,Xm¶ƒ

hfscb[nIw £oWnX\pw

tcmKnbpamWv. s]mXpPohnXØn

¬ \n∂p hncan°pIbpw sNbvXn

cn°p∂p. ]gbIme kplrØp

°fn¬ h√hcpw Xm¶sf

kμ¿in°mdpt≠m? \ncmi

]q≠ Hcp sNdpNncntbmsS Xs‚

\mhv Nq≠nsIm≠v ]d™p,

aIs\, Cu ]ń Ipc°p∂

ImetØmfw C¥r ]m°v

D]`qJfiØn¬ Bcm[Itctd

bmbncp∂p. ]t£ Cu ]ń Ipc

\n¿Ønbt∏mƒ Rms\hnsSbm

sW∂p t]mepw B¿°pw

Adnbn√. (Cwtdmkv Zn\]{Xw 15-

˛10-˛1961)

Xs‚ PohnXØns‚

Ahkm\ \mfn¬ PohnXImew

apgph\pw AlvaZnøm PamAØn

s\Xncn¬ {]kwKn®p \S∂ B

\mhns\ \ncmitbmsS ]ńsb∂v

At±lØn\v hnfnt°≠n h∂p.

]n∂oSv cmjv{SØeh∑m

cpw ]´mfta[mhnIfpw s]t{Sm

tUmfdns‚ A[n]∑mcpw AlvaZn

øm PamAØns\ C√mXm°m\m

bn apt∂mSv h∂p. kaqlØn¬

]S¿∂v ]nSn®ncn°p∂ Cu

A¿_qZsØ Xm≥ D∑qe\w

sNøpw F∂v A[nImcw sIm≠v

aØv ]nSn® Hcmƒ hochmZw

apg°ns°m≠ncp∂psh¶nepw

Abmƒ°v sIme°bdn¬ Xs‚

PohnXw Ahkm\n∏nt°≠n

h∂p. a‰pNne¿ H∂n®v BImi

Øv [qfoIcn°s∏´p. thsd Nne¿

A⁄mX ImcWßfm¬ h[n°

s∏´p. Ipsd Gsd t]¿ ̀ qIºØm

epw t]amcnbmepw sh≈s∏m°

Ømepw tπKv t]mep≈ almamcn

Ifmepw ]nSn°s∏´p. Aßs\

PamAØns\Xncn¬ h∂ F√m

hcpw \ncmicpw A]am\nXcpw

Cfn`ycpambn Cu temIØv

\n∂pw Fs∂t∂°pambn

A{]Xy£cmbn.

A√mlp akolv auDuZv

(A)s\ Adnbn®psIm≠v ]d

™p, Ah¿ \ns∂ Ffnabnem

°m\p≈ Nn¥bnemWv. \ns∂

]cmPbs∏SpØm\pw C√mbva

sNøphm\pap≈ {iaØnemW

h¿. F∂m¬ ]cmPbhpw

\ncmibpw Ah¿°v Xs∂bmbncn

°pw. (A≥hmdp¬ C…mw)

lZvdØv akolv auDuZv

(A)t\mS v A√mlp sNbvX

At\Iw hmKvZm\ßfn¬ H∂m

Wv "C∂o aplo\pw a≥ AdmZ

Clm\XI'. (\ns∂ Ffnabn

em°m≥ Dt±in°p∂hs\ Rm≥

Ffnabnem°pw) A√mlphns‚

Cu hmKvZm\w akolv auDuZn

(A)s‚ ImeØpw AXn\v

tijhpw C∂pw, tZiØn\pw

ImeØn\pw AXoXambn AXv

]pe¿∂p sIm≠ncn°pIbmWv.

akolv auDuZ v(A)s‚

ImeØpw AXn\v tijhpw

Bsc¶nepw Xs‚ {]hrØnbneq

sStbm hm°pIfneqsStbm

FgpØneqsStbm B ]pWymXvam

hnt\tbm At±lØns‚ PamA

Ønt\tbm A]am\n°m≥

{ian®n´ps≠¶n¬ A√mlp

Abmsf ]e coXnbn¬ ]nSnIqSn

bn´p≠v . Nnesc \nμycpw

Ffnabnepam°n.Nne¿°v ISpØ

am\lm\n D≠mbn. Nne¿°v [\

\jvSap≠mbn. a‰p Nne¿°v

Poh≥ Xs∂ \jvSs∏´p. akolv

auDuZv(A)s‚ FXncmfnIfn¬

ap≥]¥nbnep≠mbncp∂ kønZv

\Zo¿ lpssk≥ Zlvehn, auem

\m A≥h¿ imlv sZD_¥n,

auem\m Jmkn kønZv kpsse

am≥ a≥kq¿ ]qcn, auem\m

aplΩZv lpssk≥ _´mehn,

auem\m A–p¬ P∫m¿

Kkv\hn, auem\m k\mD√mlv

AarXvkcn, ]fin‰v teJvdmw

]nimhcn, ]mXncn A–p√mlv

BYw, N¥pem¬ aPnkvt{S‰v,

tPm¨ AeIvkm≠¿ Uqbn,

auehn Idw±o≥ Plvean ,

BXvamdmw aPnkvt{S‰v XpSßnb

h¿ Hcp XcØnes√¶n¬ as‰mcp

XcØn¬ A√mlphns‚ Cu

hmKvZm\a\pkcn®v ]nSn°s∏´

hcmbncp∂p.

CuPn]vXnse \ΩpsS Hcp

ktlmZc≥ aplΩZv _°¿

apkvX^m kmln_v ss_AØv

sNbvXv AlvaZnøm PamAØn¬

{]thin® tijw, akolv

auDuZv(A)s\ A[nt£]n®pw

]cnlkn®pw kwkmcn°p∂

At±lØns‚ Nne kvt\lnX

∑m¿°v t\cntS≠n h∂ A\p`h

ßƒ hnhcn°p∂Xv {i≤n®m¬

A√mlp C∂pw lZvdØv akolv

auDuZv(A)t\mSv sNbvX hmKvZm

\w ]q¿Ønbm°p∂Xmbn

ImWmw.

\ap°v aplΩZv _°¿

apkvX^m kmln_ns‚ hm°p

Iƒ t\cn´v tIƒ°mw. At±lw

]dbpIbmWv, Rm≥ 2008 emWv

ss_AØv sNbvXv AlvaZnøm

PamAØn¬ {]thin®Xv. ss_

AØn\v tijw AlvaZnøm

PamAØns‚ ktμiw Rms\

s‚ kvt\lnX∑m¿°v FØn°m

dp≠v. ]et∏mgpw AlvaZnøØv

kwkmc hnjbamImdp≠v.

tPmen ÿeØv `£WØn\p≈

CSthfIfn¬ Rßƒ aX]c

amb ]eImcyßfpw N¿® sNøm

dp≠v. B Ahkcßfn¬ Alva

Znøm PamAØns‚ \ne]mSv

Cßs\bmWv, Camw alvZn(A)

bpsS ho£Ww Cu coXnbnemWv,

akolv auDuZ v(A) Cßs\

bmWv ]d™Xv F∂nßs\

Rm\dnbmsX kvt\lnX∑mtcmSv

]d™p t]mImdp≠v. Ah¿s°

√mw Rm≥ AlvaZnbmsW∂dn

bmw. Ahsc√mw Xs∂ PamA

Øns‚ i{Xp°fpamWv.

Hcn°¬ Hcp N¿®mthf

bn¬ Camw alvZn(A) CuImcy


sØ Ipdn® v Cßs\bmWv

]d™Xv F∂v Rm≥ ]d™tX

bp≈p, Fs‚ kvt\lnXcn¬

Hcmfmb C{_mlnw Ft∂mSv

hfsc ]cpjambn kwkmcn°m

\pw AlvaZnøm PamAØns\

A[nt£]n°m\pw XpSßn.

]n∂oSXv NoØhnfnbnseØn.

Rm≥ ]d™p, kmcan√. {]hmN

I∑mcpsS A\pbmbnIƒ°v

F∂pw i{Xp°fn¬ \n∂v

CØcØnep≈ ISpØ {]XnIc

WßfmWv t\cntS≠n h∂n´p≈

Xv. \nßƒ {]hmNI∑mcpsS

Ncn{Xw ]cntim[n®m¬ {]hmNI

tctbm AhcpsS A\pbmbnIsf

tbm BcpwXs∂ Hcn°epw

s]s´∂v kzoIcn®Xmtbm Ahsc

]qamebn´ v B\bn®Xmtbm

ImWpIbn√. Ahsc i{Xp°ƒ

Ft∏mgpw NoØhnfn°pIbpw

imcocnIambpw am\knIambpw

t{Zmln°pIbpw am{Xta sNbvXn

´p≈q. Fs‚ \mhneqsS CXv

tIƒt°≠ Xmakw C{_mlnw

s]mńsØdn®v sIm≠v Ft∂bpw

lZvdØv akolv auDuZv(A)

t\bpw sXdnsIm≠`ntjIw

sNbvXp. Rms\m∂pw ]d™n√.

AhtcmsSm∏w C\n Ccn°p∂Xp

t]mepw sX‰msW∂v a\ nem°n

s°m≠v Rm≥ kwkmcw \n¿Øp

Ibpw AhnsS\n∂v Fgpt∂‰v

]pdtØ°v t]mhpIbpw sNbv

Xp.

]nt‰ Znhkw km[mcW

t]mse F√mhcpw `£W kab

Øv HØp tN¿∂p. B Ahkc

Øn¬ Xte Znhkw Ft∂bpw

akolv auDuZnt\bpw(A)

NoØhnfn® C{_mlnw Fs‚

ASp°¬ h∂p \n∂p. ]n∂oSv

Ip\n™v, F\ns°mcp Imcyw

]dbm\ps≠∂v Fs‚ sNhnbn¬

]dbpIbpw ]pdtØ°v sN√m≥

Bhirs∏SpIbpw sNbvXp.

Rm\pSs\ Aht\msSm∏w

]pdtØ°v t]mbn.

C{_mlnw Ft∂mSv ]dbp

IbmWv, Rm≥ C∂se \nt∂bpw

\ns‚ Camw alvZntbbpw

NoØhnfn°pIbpw A[nt£

]n®v kwkmcn°pIbpw sNbvXv

]ncn™ tijw F\n°v

h√msØmc\p`hap≠mbn. Fs‚

hoSv (^vfm‰v) Hcp sIńSØns‚

\memw \nebnemWv ÿnXn

sNøp∂Xv. AXns‚ kao]Øv

thsd sIńSßsfm∂pw Xs∂

C√. Rm≥ C∂se cm{Xn

`mcyma°tfmsSmØvSuWn¬

t]mbncp∂p. Xncn®v hońseØn

bt∏mƒ hoSns‚ ÿnXn I≠v

Rm\msI A‘mfn®p t]mbn.

hońse apgph≥ P\ent‚bpw

Nn√v (•mkv) IXIpIƒ Btcm

XI¿Øncn°p∂p. Hcp •mkpw

_m°nbn√mØhn[w Bcmbncn

°mw CXv sNbvXXv F∂Xn∂v

bmsXmcp sXfnthm kqN\tbm

C√. RßfpsS sIńSØn\v

A[nIw AIeØne√msX Hcp

kvIqfp≠v. AhnsS ]Tn°p∂

hnIrXnIfmb IpńIƒ Is√dn

™v •mkpIƒ DS®Xmbncn

°msa∂v Dulns®¶nepw kml

Ncy sXfnhpIƒ AXns\Xncm

Wv. Is√dn™XmsW¶n¬ a‰v

^vfm‰pIfpsS •mkpIfpw DStb

≠Xmbncp∂p. ]t£ Aßs\

H∂pw kw`hn®n´pan√.

C{_mlnw XpS¿∂v ]dbpI

bmWv, \n\°dnbmat√m Ct∏mg

sØ ssiXyw. XI¿∂ P\¬

hmXneneqsS i‡amb XWpØ

Im‰v ASn°p∂Xp ImcWw DSs\

Xs∂ GsX¶nepw Hcp apdnbp

tSsX¶nepw P\¬•mkv icnbm

°msX cm{Xn Ign® v Iq´pI

Akm≤yamWv.F¶n¬ F\n°pw

`mcy°pw a°ƒ°pw Hcp apdnbn¬

HXpßn IqSmat√m? GXmbmepw

Rm≥ SuWnte°v HmSn. AhnsS

ISIƒ AS®p XpSßnbncp∂p.

AS°mØ IS°mcmsW¶n¬

F{XXs∂ At]£n®n´pw C{X

henb ]Wn Cu sshInb

t\cØv sNøm≥ Xømd√.

Aßs\ Rm≥ •mkns‚ Hcp

ISbn¬ \n∂v as‰mcp ISbnte°v

HmSn. tPmen sNøm≥ Xømdp≈

Hcp IS°mct\bpw F\n°v

Is≠Øm\mbn√. Ahkm\w

\ncmi\mbn cm{Xn Iptd sshIn

Rm≥ hoń¬ Xncn®p h∂p. A∂v

Rm\pw `mcybpw a°fpw Xpd∂

ssaXm\Øv InS°p∂Xp t]mse

Iºnfnbpw enlm^pw ]pXs®¶n

epw hnd®v hnd®v cm{Xn Ign®p

Iqń . Fs‚ PohnXØnse

G‰hpw `mKyw sI´Xpw tami

s∏´Xpamb cm{Xnbmbncp∂p

AXv.

C{_mlnw Xte ZnhksØ

Imfcm{XnbpsS IY hnhcn®

tijw Ft∂mSp tNmZn®p,

aplΩZv ]dbq, CXv \nt∂bpw

\ns‚ Camw alvZntbbpw

NoØhnfn°pIbpw ]cnlkn°p

Ibpw sNbvXXpsIm≠msW∂v

\o IcpXp∂pt≠m? Rm≥

]d™p, lZvdØv akolv auDuZv

an¿km Kpemw AlvaZp¬

JmZnbm\n (A) tbmSv, A√mlp

"C∂o aplo\pw a≥ AdmZ

Clm\XI' (Xo¿®bmbpw \ns∂

Ffnabnem°m≥ hnNmcn°p∂

hs\ Rm≥ Ffnabnem°pw)

F∂v hmKvZm\w sNbvXn´p≠v.

AXpsIm≠v Cßs\ kw`hn

°m≥ km≤yX hfsc IqSpXem

Wv. A√mlphns‚ ap¿keoßsf

\nμn°p∂Xv A√mlp Hcn°epw

Xs∂ CjvSs∏SpIbn√. CØc

Øn¬ akolv auDuZns\

\nμn°m≥ {ian®hsc ap≥

Imeßfn¬ A√mlp Ffnabnem

°nb F{Xtbm kw`hßfps≠

∂pw Rm≥ C{_mloant\mS v

]d™p. Cu A\p`hØn\v

tijw C{_mlnw BsI amdn.

Ft∂mS v hfsc am\yambpw

kvt\ltØmtSbpw s]cpamdm≥

XpSßn. ]n∂oSvC{_mlnw Hcn°

epw Xs∂ lZvdØv akolv

auDuZn (A)s\ Ipdn®v A]acrmZ

bmbn kwkmcn®nń√. (XpScpw)


h¿Øam\ IhnXIfpsS acp`qanbn¬ \ap°v

e`ns®mcp kpIrXamWv tUm. ap_md°m

aplΩZns‚ Xncpk∂n[nbn¬ F∂ IhnXm

kamlmcw. hrØ\n_≤hpw kmcfyhpw HmP pw

\nds™mcp IhnXmssienbmWv tUmIvSdptSXv.

CØcw IhnXIƒ C∂v A\yambnsIm≠ncn°pI

bmWv. ]pkvXIØn\v AhXmcnI FgpXnbn´p≈Xv

kabw amknIbpsS FUn‰dmb s{^m^. _n .

alvaqZv AlvaZv BWv. At±lØns‚ kq£va

kv]¿inbmb AhXmcnIbn¬ Ipdn®Xv t]mse

hnip≤nbpsS \£{Xßfn¬ tIm¿Ø

{]m¿Y\bpsS P]ame sIm≠v `mkpcam°p∂ Cu

IhnXIƒ Xo¿®bmbpw aebmf IhnX°v e`n®

Hcp]lmcamWv . Cu hm°ns‚ A\z¿YX

‘Xncpk∂n[nbn¬’ F∂ IhnXsXm´v ‘A¥ym`n

emjw’ hsc \o≠p InS°p∂ ]Xn\©v IhnXIƒ

\ap°v hyIvXam°nØcpw. tUmIvSdmb

Ihbn{XnbpsS a\ neqsS HgpIp∂ IhnXbpsS

hnip≤Pew hnS¿Ønb Cu kz¿Kob ]q°fpsS

A\hZy kuμcy kuc`yt[mcWnbn¬ A\phmN

I lrZbw Imhym\p`qXnbpsS \n¿hrXnZmbIamb

{]XeßfneqsS k©cn°psa∂ ImcyØn¬

kwibw H´pan√. Xncpk∂n[nbn¬ F∂ CXnse

{]Ya IhnX Xs∂sbSp°pI. CXnse

Zo¿Lamsbmcp IhnX IqSnbmWnXv. A\izc

bi ns‚ {]`m]qcw ]cØn C∂pw hnfßn

\n¬°p∂ aplΩZv \_nsb °pdn®ps≈mcp

hn⁄m\ ImhyamWnXv . A∂sØ Ccp≠

Atd_y≥ kaqlØn¬ Zp¿\S∏pIm¿°v \√

\S∏ns‚ {]Imi ]q¿Wamb hgnØmc

ImWn®psImSpØ {]hmNI\mWt±lw.

kwkw \ocns‚ hnip≤nbp≈

IhnXIƒ

tUm. ap_md°m aplΩZv cNn® Xncpk∂n[nbn¬ ˛(kabw

]_nt°j≥kv˛ hne 40 cq]) F∂ IhnXm kamlmcsØ]‰n

{]ikvX Ihnbpw \ncq]I\pamb teJI≥ FgpXp∂p.

sI. Sn cm[mIrjvW≥ IqSmfn

]pkvXImhtemI\w


Ihn Cu hcnIfneqsS aplΩZns‚ kmwKXyw

sXfnbn®p Xcp∂p.

{]m¿Y\m \n¿`cßfmbv \nimthfIƒ

AßbpsS XncpapJw Z¿in®nSp∂ am{Xbn¬

Ah\oi≥ kzbw ap∂n¬ h∂W™t]m¬

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ImemhkvY

{]£p_v[amhp∂sX¥v

sIm≠v?kvYncXbp≈ ImemhkvY

k¥pe\mhkvYbn¬ \n∂v

`n∂ambn {]£p_v[ambn

{]IrXnt£m`ßƒ D≠mhp∂Xv

F¥v sIm≠v? CXn\v a\pjy

IcßfpsS ]¶v \n¿WmbIamWv.

`qanbpsS ImehkvYsb {]£p

_v[am°p∂ LSIßsf c≠m

bn Xcw Xncn°mhp∂XmWv. H∂v

a\pjyIrXw (Anthropogenic),c≠matØXv {]IrXn]cw (Natu-ral). `qanbnte°v IS∂phcp∂


kqcy{]ImiØns‚bpw Du¿P

Øn‚bpw kzm`mhnI {]h¿Ø\

sØ _m[n°p∂ coXnbn¬

A¥co£Øns‚ LS\ a\pjy

≥ am‰nadn°p∂XmWv a\pjyIr

X ImcWßƒ. Ct∏mgsØ

\nc¥camb {]IrXnt£m`ßƒ

°v Hcp {][m\ ImcWw AXmWv.

a\pjyIcßƒ°v AXoXamb

ùanIhpw tKmfm¥cobhpw

{]m]©nIhpamb {]Xn`mkß

fpw ùa{]IrXnbpsS \mw

Adnbp∂ k¥pe\mhkvYsb

_m[n°pIbpw {]£p_v[am°p

Ibpw sNøp∂p. ]t£ AXv

{]IrXnbpsS kzm`mhnI ]cnWma

Øns‚ ̀ mKamWv. Cßs\ c≠v

hn[Ønepw {]IrXnt£m`ßƒ

kw`hn°p∂p. hmkvXhØn¬

Cu Ak¥penXmhkvY hos≠

Sp°m\p≈ {]IrXnbpsS {iaØn

s‚ ̀ mKamWv {]£p_v[mhkvY

AYhm {]IrXnt£m`ßƒ. 250

h¿jßƒ°v apºv Bcw`n®

h y h k m b h X v ° c W Ø n \ v

tijap≠mb A¥co£ ]T\

ßƒ CXv sXfnbn°p∂p. ssZhw

_p≤n X∂ a\pjy≥ {]IrXn

bnep≠mIp∂Xpw A√mØXp

amb \nbaßƒ a\ nem°pI

bpw AXnep≠mIp∂ am‰ßƒ

t\csØ I≠dn™v c£mhgn

Iƒ Is≠ØpIbpw thWw.

hmkvXhØn¬ {]£p_v[mkvY

bpw {]bmkßfpw _p≤nap´p

Ifpw {]Xnk‘nIfpw AXv

krjvSn°p∂ BhiyßfpamWv

a\pjys‚ ]ptcmKXn°v ImcW

sa∂v kq£vaambn t\m°nbm¬

ImWmw.

ùa {]IrXnsb A√mlp

krjvSn®ncn°p∂Xv tKmfm¥cob

amb Hcp kwhn[m\Øns‚

`mKambmWv. AXv a\pjy≥

hnthI]q¿hw ssIImcyw sNø

Wsa∂mWv hnip≤ Jp¿Bs‚

I¬∏\. A√mlp ]dbp∂p:

BImisØ Ah≥ Db¿ØpI

bpw k¥pe\w (aokm≥) kvYm

]n°pIbpw sNbvXp. \nßƒ

(B) k¥pe\Øn¬ AXn{Iaw

{]h¿Øn°mXncn°m≥ th≠n.

\nßƒ \oXn]q¿hw Xpe\w

\ne\n¿ØpI. AXn¬ Ipdhv

hcpØcpXv. `qansb F√mPoh

Pmeßƒ°pw th≠n krjvSn®p.

(55: 8˛11)

`qan a\pjy\v th≠n am{X

a√ F√m PohPmeßƒ°pw

th≠nbmWv krjvSn®Xv F∂

hN\hpw hfsc {it≤bamWv.

A\yPohPmeßfpsS AhIm

iw A\phZn®vsIm≠mWv a\pjy

≥ `qanbn¬ Pohnt°≠Xv F∂

]mcnkvYnXnI {]m[m\yap≈

henb Hcp ktμiamWv Jp¿B

≥ ChnsS \¬Ip∂Xv. a\pjys‚

{]h¿Ø\w aqew A¥co£Øn

s‚ k¥pe\ hyhkvY sX‰p∂p

F∂Xv hfsc kv]jvSamWv.

CXmWv Ct∏mgp≠mIp∂ \nc¥

cap≈ {]IrXnbpsS t£m`Øn\v

apJyImcWßfnsem∂v F∂

Imcyhpw hyIvXamWv. hml\

ßfn¬ D]tbmKn°p∂ t^mkn

¬ C‘\ßƒ IØn°ptºmƒ

h≥tXmXn¬ A¥co£Ønte°v

]pdØv hnSp∂ Im¨_¨

UtbmIvsskUv, CXv IqSmsX

aossY≥ ss\{Skv HmIvsskUv,

Hmtkm¨, \ocmhn F∂o

hmXIßfpw A¥co£Øns‚

A\p]mXhpw Xmf{Iahpw

sX‰n°p∂p. ̀ qanbn¬ ]Xn°p∂

{]Imi IncWßƒ {]Xnên®v

A¥co£Øn¬ \n∂v ]pdØv

t]mImsX AXv ùam¥co

£Øn¬ Xs∂ BKncWw

sNøs∏SpIbpw `qanbpsS

A¥co£ Xm]w h¿[n°pIbpw

sNøp∂p. CXns\bmWv BtKmf

Xm]\w F∂v ]dbp∂Xv. CXn\v

ImcWw ta¬]d™ hmXIß

fmWv. lcnXKrl {]`mhw

(Greenhouse effect) F∂mWv

Cu {]Xn`mkw Adnbs∏Sp∂Xv.

XWp∏v cmPyßfn¬ NqSp\ne

\n¿Øm≥ IrjnbnSßƒ°v

apIfn¬ Hcp BhcWap≠m°n

NqSv \ne\n¿Øp∂ coXnbn¬

\n∂mWv lcnXKrl {]`mhw

F∂ hntijWw D≠mbXv .

Cßs\ NqSpIqSnb A¥co£w

aqew BhiyØne[nIw `qanbn

se Pew _mjv]oIcn°s∏´v

taLßƒ cq]oIcn°s∏Sp∂p.

NqS v aqeap≈ hmbp{]hml

Øns‚ êambn \yq\a¿ZØn\v

ImcW amIpIbpw sNøp∂p.

CXv Im‰ns‚ KXn{Iaw sX‰n°p

Ibpw A¥co£Øns‚ k¥pe

\w sX‰n ImemhkvY hyXnbm\w

AXnh¿jhpw, hcƒ®bpw Imew

sX‰nbp≈ agbpw D≠m°p∂p.

AXpt]mse Xs∂ h≥tXm

Xnep≈ h\\ioIcWhpw Imem

hkvYsb _m[n°p∂p. `qaose

Im¿_¨ UtbmIvsskUv sNSn

Ifpw hr£ßfpw BKncWw

sNbvXv ImehkvYm k¥pe\w

\ne\n¿Øm≥ klmbn°p∂

LSIßfmWv. `qanbnse 70

iXam\w PohnIfpw hkn°p∂

Xv ImSpIfnemWv. h\\ioIc

WØneqsS AhbpsS Bhmk

hyhkvY \jvSs∏SpIbpw

sNøp∂p. Jp¿B≥ ]dbp∂p:

‘a\pjycpsS Icßƒ

{]h¿Øn®Xns‚ êambn

Icbnepw ISenepw \miw

shfns∏ńcn°p∂p. X¬êambn

Ah¿ {]h¿Øn®Xn¬ NneXns‚

êw A√mlp Ahsc A\p`hn

∏n°p∂p.’ (30:42)

{ ] I r X n t £ m ` Ø n \ v

Xo¿®bmbpw a\pjyIcßƒ

°XoXamb {]IrXn ]camb

ImcWßfpap≠v. kqcy\n¬

\n∂p≈ Du¿P{]hmlamWv

`qanbnse F√m ImemhkvYm

{]h¿Ø\ßƒ°pw ssPh

{]h¿Ø\ßƒ°pw B[mcw.

AXv Nm{InIambn Gdnbpw

Ipd™pancn°pw. AXv `qanbn¬

{]Xnên°pIbpw sNøpw.

kqcy≥ `qansb Np‰ptºmƒ

Zie£°W°n\v h¿jßƒ


sIm≠v {àW hrØØnep≠m

Ip∂ am‰ßƒ apX¬ kqcy\nep

≠mIp∂ ssZ\w Zn\ am‰ßƒ

hsc `qanbpsS ImemhkvYsb

_m[n°p∂p. kqcy\n¬ 11

h¿jßƒ IqSptºmƒ {]Xy£

amIp∂ kqcyIf¶ßƒ (Sun-spots) F∂ {]Xn`mkhpw `qanbn

se ImemhkvYsb KWyambn

_m[n°p∂p.

kqcy\pw N{μ\pw Hcp

\nivNnX IW°\pkcn®v (k©

cn°p∂p) eXIfpw hr£ßfpw

(AXn\v) hgßp∂p. (hnip≤

Jp¿B≥ 55: 6,7)

DZmlcWØn\v 1650\pw

1850\pw kqcy\n¬ \n∂pap≈

Du¿P{]hmlØns‚ Ipdhp

aqew ̀ qanbn¬ {lkzImew \o≠p

\n¬°p∂ Hcp lnaImew (LittleIce Age) Bcw`n®ncp∂p. hS°≥

{[phtØmSv sXm´pInS°p∂

{Ko≥em‚ n¬ h≥ tXmXn¬

lnacq]oIcWØn\v CXv

ImcWamIpIbpw B cmPyw

H‰s∏´pt]mIpIbpw sNbvXp.

CXn\v hn]coXambn kqcy\n¬

\n∂p≈ Du¿P {]hmlw

A[nIcn°p∂psh¶n¬ `qanbn¬

DjvWImehpw Xo{hamIp∂p.

AXvt]mse `qa≤ytcJm {]tZi

Øv kap{ZPe {]hmlØns‚

NqSv s]mSp∂s\ {IamXoXambn

h¿[n°pIbpw Z£ntW¥ybS

°w temI kvYncImemhkvYsb

Xs∂ XInSw adn°p∂ coXnbn¬

KWyambn kzm[o\n°pIbpw

sNøp∂ {]Xn`mkamWv F¬\n

t\m (El Niño). AXn\v hn]coX

ambn kap{ZPeØns‚ Dujv

amhv KWyambn Xmgv∂p XWp

Øp t]mIp∂ {]Xn`mkamWv

em\n\ (La Niña). Cu c≠v

{]Xn`mkßfpw kvYncamb

CSthfIfn¬ {]Xy£s∏Sp∂n

√. A{]hNo\amb Cu c≠v

{]Xn`mkßfpsSbpw ImcWw

]q¿Wambpw \n¿Wbn°s∏ńń

√. Ipd™ kabØn\p≈n¬

h≥ tXmXnep≈ I\Ø ag°v

ImcWamhp∂ taLkvt^mS\

amWv (Cloudburst) as‰mcp

{]Xn`mkw. apIfnte°v AScp

Ifmbn \n¬°p∂ Nne {]tXyI

Xcw taLßfmWv Zpc¥ßƒ

hnX°p∂ CØcw agbp≠m°p

∂Xv.

{]IrXn Zpc¥ßƒ ssZh

in£tbm?A√mlp krjvSn® {]Ir

Xn Hcp k¥pe\mflI \nba

a\pkcn®mWv {]h¿Øn°p∂Xv

F∂mWv hnip≤ Jp¿B≥

]dbp∂Xv. AXv ewLn°pw

hn[w a\pjy≥ CSs]Sptºmƒ

{]IrXn k¥pe\w \ne\n¿Øm≥

{]£p_v[amhpIbpw sNøpw.

AXv a\pjy\v \mi\jvSßfp

≠m°p∂p. {]IrXn \nbaßƒ

t]mse [m¿anI \nbaßƒ°pw

CXv _m[IamWv. [m¿anI

temIhpw ùXnItemIhpw

krjvSn®Xpw ]cn]men°p∂Xpw

{kjvvSmhpw ]cn]meI\pamb

A√mlphmWv. ssZhnI in£sb

a\pjys‚ tcmKmhkvYbpambn

XmcXayw sNbvXp sIm≠v

hmKvZØ akolv lZvdØv AlvaZv

(A) ]dbp∂Xv ImWpI:

‘tcmKw F∂m¬ icocw

km[mcW \nebn¬ {]h¿Øn

°mØ AhkvYbmWv. Btcm

Kyw F∂Xv icocØns‚ kzm`m

hnI hyhkvYIƒ DNnXambn

{]h¿Øn°p∂ AhkvYbmWv.

Hcp a\pjys‚ ssItøm Imtem

at‰sX¶nepw HchbhØnt\m

AXns‚ bYmkvYm\Øv \n∂pw

hnkvYm]\w kw`hn°pIbm

sW¶n¬ thZ\ A\p`hs∏Sp

∂p. CusbmchkvY Zo¿L\mƒ

\ne\n¬°ptºmƒ AbmfpsS

kvYm\`wKw kw`hn® Ahbhw

D]tbmKiq\yamhpsa∂v am{Xa

√ a‰hbhßsfbpw AXv _m[n

°p∂p. CXv Xs∂bWv BXvam

hns‚ ImcyØnepw kw`hn°p

∂Xv. PohnXØns‚ bYm¿Y

kvtdmX mb ssZhØn¬ \n∂v

AIepIbpw kXyk‘amb

{]IrXn aXØn¬ \n∂v _‘w

hntOZn®v AIepIbpamsW¶n

¬ Abmƒ bmX\Iƒ klnt°

≠nhcpw. AbmfpsS lrZbw

acn°msX AXns‚ thZ\ \ne

\n¿ØpIbmsW¶n¬ Abmƒ

Xo£vWamb thZ\ A\p`hn

°p∂p. CusbmchkvY ]cnjv

°cWØn\v hnt[bamhp∂ns√

¶n¬ F√m BXvaob KpWßfpw

{ItaW \ins®mSpßpsa∂pw

ITn\amb thZ\ A\p`hn°p

sa∂pw a\ nemhp∂p. AXmb

Xv Hcp bmX\bpw ]pdta\n∂v

hcp∂X√. F√mw a\pjys‚

D≈n¬ \n∂p Xs∂ Dcphw

sIm≈p∂XmWv. ssZhØns‚

{]h¿Ø\ßfn¬ Ahs‚

in£sb Rßƒ \ntj[n°p

∂n√. ]t£ AXv a\pjys‚

I¿aßfpsS êambp≠mIp

∂XmWv. AXmbXv Hcp a\pjy≥

hnjw Ign°pIbmsW¶n¬

A√mlp Abmsf sIm√p∂p.

CXmWv A√mlp hnip≤

hN\ßfn¬ kqNn∏n°p∂Xv.’

‘A√mlphns‚ in£

F∂Xv Hcp AKv\nbmWv. A√m

lp AXv IØn°p∂p. AXns‚

PzmeIƒ Dbcp∂Xv a\pjys‚

lrZbØn¬ \n∂mWv.’ (04: 7˛8)

‘bYm¿YØnep≈ in£

bpsS hnØv HcmfpsS AIrXy

ßfmWv F∂Xv hyIvXamWv.

AXmWv in£bpsS cq]ambn

amdp∂Xv.’ (a¬^qkmØv hmeyw:

3, t]:25˛30)

{]hmNI∑msc hnizkn

°mØXv sIm≠v am{Xw Hcmsf

A√mlp in£n°n√. ImcWw

kzoIcn°m\pw kzoIcn°mXncn

°m\pap≈ kzmX{¥yw A√mlp

a\pjy\v \¬InbXmWv. ]t£

{]hmNI \ntj[tØmsSm∏w

AXn{Iaßƒ ]cn[nIS°ptºm

ƒ A√mlp `qanbn¬ Xs∂


{]hmNI∑m¿ aptJ\ ap∂dnbn∏v

\¬In in£n°pI F∂Xv

A√mlphns‚ \nbaØn¬ s]´

XmWv, AXmbXv {]IrXn \nba

Øn¬ Xs∂ D≈SßnbXmWv

F∂mWv hnip≤ Jp¿B≥

\¬Ip∂ kqN\. AtX kabw

F√m in£Ifpw [m¿anI

ewL\ßfpsS êa√. DZmlc

WØn\v Hcfhn¬ hnjw Ign®m

¬ a\pjy≥ acn°pw F∂Xv Hcp

km¿h{XnI \nbaamWv. AXv

sIm≠v F√m acWhpw hnjw

Ign®Xv sIm≠√ D≠mIp∂Xv

F∂Xvt]mse A[m¿anI

PohnXw ]cn[n hnSptºmƒ

A√mlp {]IrXn {]Xn`mkßfn

eqsS B a\pjys\tbm kaql

sØtbm in£n°p∂Xmbn

aX{KŸßfpw Ncn{Xhpw ]dbp

∂p. AXvsIm≠v F√m {]IrXn

Zpc¥ßfpw [m¿anI ewL\

Øns‚ êamsW∂v ]dbp∂Xv

icnb√. ]t£ F√m hn[Ønep

≈ {]IrXn Zpc¥ßfpw kw`hn

°ptºmƒ a\pjy\v AXn¬

]mTap≠v. Ah≥ BXva]cntim

[\ \SØm\p≈ kμ¿àmWnXv.

A[m¿anI PohnXw \bn°p

tºmƒ A√mlp in£bnd°p∂p

F∂ t^m¿ape Xßƒ°v _m[I

amtWm F∂ BXva ]cntim[\

\SØWw. \n lmb\mb

a\pjy≥ A√mlp krjvSn®

{]IrXnbnse \nbaßfpw

A√mlphns‚ bYm¿Y [m¿anI

\nbaßfpw ewLn°msX Pohn

°pIbpw AXn¬ ]nghp≠mtbm

F∂v ]cntim[n°m\p≈ ktμi

amWv {]IrXn Zpc¥ßƒ \¬Ip

∂Xv.

[m¿anI Ip‰ßƒ°v AZr

iy\mb A√mlp Fßs\ CSs]

Spw F∂XmWv \mkvXnI∑m¿

D∂bn°p∂ hmZw. F√m ùXnI

\nbaßfpw \mw Adn™p

Ign™p As√¶n¬ \ap°v

Adnbm≥ Ignbp∂ \nivNnX

\nbaßƒ {]ImcamWv kw`hn

°p∂Xv F∂mbncp∂p ¢mkn°

¬ ̀ uXnI imkv{Xw [cn®ncp∂Xv.

AXmbXv Hcp hkvXphns‚

As√¶n¬ Hcp hyqlØns‚

Ne\Øns‚ {]mcw`mhkvY F{X

IrXyambn Adnbp∂pthm

AtXIrXyXtbmsS AXns‚

`mhn AhkvYIfpw {]hNn°m≥

Ignbpsa∂mWv ¢mkn°¬

ùXnI imkv{Xw IcpXnbXv. Cu

imkv{X Z¿i\Øn\mWv \n¿Wn

X XØzw (Determinism) AYhm

\nivNnX XØzw F∂v ]dbp∂Xv.

\nivNnX kn≤m¥w Izmfiw

XnbdnbpsS hcthmsS tNmZyw

sNøs∏SpIbp≠mbn AXmbXv

Hcp ùXnI ]nfiØns‚

AkvXnXzw \n¿Wbn°Wsa¶n¬

AXns‚ kvYm\hpw thKXbpw

IrXyambn Adntb≠Xp≠v.

F∂m¬ ùXnI ]Zm¿YßfpsS

AXnkq£va IWßsf Cu

ùXnI am\Zfißƒ D]tbmKn

®v Af°m≥ km≤ya√. DZmlc

WØn\v Nen®psIm≠ncn°p∂

Hcp CeIvt{SmWns‚ kvYm\w

F{X IqSpX¬ IrXyambn

Af°m≥ {ian°p∂pthm A{X

bpw IqSpX¬ sX‰mbncn°pw

AXns‚ thKsØ kw_‘n®

Adnhv. A{]Imcw thKX IrXy

ambn \n¿Wbn°m≥ {ian®m¬

kvYm\sØ kw_‘n® AIrXy

Xmbncn°pw êw. kvYm\Øn

s‚bpw Ne\Øns‚bpw ASn

kvYm\Øn¬ A\nivNnXhpw

Ne\mXvaIhpamb \nch[n

LSIßƒ kwtbmPn°ptºmƒ

AXns‚ êhpw Hcp \nivNnX

ImeØn¬ kw`hn°psa∂v

Dd∏n®p ]dbm≥ km≤ya√. Cu

Is≠ØtemsS kvYm\Øns‚

bpw Ne\Øns‚bpw ASnkvYm\

Ønep≈ {]Xn`mkßƒ {]hNn

°msa∂ ùXnI imkv{XØns‚

AhImihmZØn\v Cf°w

X´pIbp≠mbn. ]Zm¿Yßƒ \n

¿an®ncn°p∂ AXnkq£va

IWßƒ ]Zm¿Yßsf kw_

‘n°p∂ ùXnI \nbaßƒ°v

hgßp∂n√ F∂ Adnhv B[p\n

I ImeØv ùXnI imkv{XØn

t\‰ as‰mcp {]lcamWv.

A\nivNnXXzw, kw`hyX (Prob-ability) AXmbbXv kw`hn°p

tam C√tbm F∂ km[yX,

kvYm\w \n¿Wbn°m≥ km[n°m

bvI, apXemb imkv{X temI

sØ bmYm¿Yyßƒ ùXnI

imkv{Xw AwKoIcn®p Ign™p.

CØcw ]cnI¬]\IfpsS

ASnkvYm\Øn¬ A\nivNnXXzw

F∂Xv AZriyßfn¬ IqSn

thcpIfp≈ Hcp kvYqe

bmYm¿YyamsW∂ Xncn®dnhv

imkv{XØn\v ssIh∂n´p≠v.

B[p\nI imkv{XØn¬

DSseSpØ Itbmkv kn≤m¥w

AhyhkvYm kn≤m¥w AXmWv

hyIvXam°p∂Xv. F√mw {]hN\

Øn\v hnt[bamsW∂ \n¿WnX

imkv{XhmZØns‚ ihs∏ń

bn¬ ASn®ndn°nb as‰mcmWn

bmWv Itbmkv (Chaos) kn≤m

¥w. AXmbXv {IaclnXamb

AhkvYbnse {Iaw Is≠Øm

\p≈ {iaamWv Itbmkv kn≤m

¥w \SØp∂Xv. AlvaZnøm

apkvenw PamAØns‚ \memw

Jeo^ lZvdØv ao¿km Xzmln¿

AlvaZ v (dlv) Cu hnjb

kw_‘ambn ]d™ D≤cWn

tbmsS Cu Ipdn∏v Ahkm\n∏n

°mw.

‘Zpc¥ßfpw Zu¿`mKyß

fpw `qIºßfpw D≠mIp∂Xv

{]IrXn\nbaßƒ ImcWamWv

F∂ ImcyØn¬ AlvaZnIƒ°v

Hcp \nanjw t]mepw X¿°nt°

≠Xn√. AXv IWniambpw

{]IrXn \nbaßƒ°\pkcn®m

Wv kw`hn°p∂Xv. AlvaZnøm

hnizk {]Imcw aXØns‚

ssZhhpw Xs∂bmWv {]IrXn

amXmhns‚bpw {]]©Ønt‚

bpw ssZhw. {]IrXn \nbaw

F∂v \mw \n¿hNn®ncn°p∂

ssZhØns‚ kºq¿W KpW

hntijØn\pIogn¬ ap≥\n¿Wn


Xamb am\Zfißƒ°\pkcn

®mWv \n¿hln°s∏Sp∂Xv .

am{Xa√ hniZambXpw {iaIc

hpamb KthjWßfneqsS

C∂vhsc ad™ncn°p∂ \nc

h[n clkyßƒ a\pjy≥

Is≠ØpIbp≠mbn. Rßƒ

CXvhsc D]cnXeØn¬ H∂v

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ń√. (Natural Disasters or DivinePunishment? by Hazrat MirzaTahir Ahmad, The Review of Reli-gions, December 1993.)

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{]fb_m[nX taJeIfn¬ AlvaZnøm apkvenw PamAØns‚ k∂≤tkh\ßƒ

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klmbßsfØn°m≥ Ah¿

t\cn´v IqsS hcpIbpw sNbvXp.

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_m[nX¿°v F{Xbpw thKw

]gb PohnXØnte°v Xncns®

Øm≥ A√mlp XpW°s´.

Published on 7.09.2018 Vol: 90 Issue. 9Price Rs. 30/-

Pages 44RNI No. 3332/1957, Registered KL/EKM/726/2018-20

Licence No. KL/CR/EKM/WPP-09/2018-20. Licensed to post Without Prepayment

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An InternationalgatheringpromotingIslam's message of peace

The largest annual Muslimconvention in Western Europe

- The Jalsa Starts with the flag hoisting ceremony.

- Pledge of allegiance to Khalifa of Islam.

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Jalsa Salana UK 201852nd

Annual Convention 3 - 5, August 2018

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