Veronika Nováková Šárka Medová Vojtěch Novák ml. 2008 / 2009.

transcript

Veronika Nováková

Šárka Medová

Vojtěch Novák ml.2008 / 2009

The influence of human on the development of soil

- Pedosphere

- Experiment

- General influence of human

- Pedosphere

- Experiment

- General influence of human

CONTENT OF PRESENTATION

PEDOSPHEREPEDOSPHERE

THE QUALITY OF THE SOIL

Determine it by : Grain (particle size in the soil) – soil of sorts The quantity of humus – soil type The quantity of moisture – soil type Sites on earth – soil type Fertility – soil type Acidity and alkaline Togetherness of soil particle

SORTS OF SOILSORTS OF SOIL

Clayey Loamy Sandy Stony

less than 0,002 mm

0,002 – 0,06 mm

0,06 – 0,2 mm

more than 2 mm

TYPES OF SOILTYPES OF SOIL

Blacksoil: is a soil with a high content of humus (humic horizon 60-80 cm depth), the best in the world, provides a record grain yields

Brownsoil: is a fertile land, humus content is less than blacksoil, surrounded by blacksoil, used in agriculture

Podsol: is a little acid fertile land cold and humid nordic coniferous forests

BLACKSOIL BROWNSOIL PODSOL

ACIDITY AND ALKALINITYACIDITY AND ALKALINITY

Number, which in chemistry express, the aqueous solution responds acidly or vice versa alkalicly

COMPARISONCOMPARISON

From two different places, we removed samples of soil and measured the pH

EXPERIMENTEXPERIMENT

ASSUMPTION OF EXPERIMENT

Theory:

Clay should be acid Peat should be alkalic

To crush the clay.

To weigh it.

Material preparationMaterial preparation

To pour the water into

a measuring cylinder. To pour the water

the Erlenmeyer flask.

To mix the clay with water.

Now we follow the process

with peat as well as clay.

To cut a filter paper.

To prepare the filter paper.

To built a filter apparatus.

Aplication of samples to filtration apparatus.

The clay The peat

Start of filtration process.

The water

Finished filtration process.

Indicators – papers from pH measurement

Measurement method nb. 1

The results of meaurement.

Phenolphthalein.

Phenolphthalein aplication.

To mix samples with Phenolphthalein.

Phenolphthalein we´ve added to the samples.

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSIONTheory Reality

Theoreticly the clay should be acid and the peat should bealkalic. The measurement showed different result.Based on our experiment we can say that both material (clay & peat) are acid.

Explanation: This is clear proof that pedosphere is already afected by human activities (fertilization, chemistry,…)

GENERAL INFLUENCE OF HUMAN

DEVASTATIONDEVASTATION

destruction of soil The devastation keep inappropriate

interference in the soil Most relief affects the landscape and

destroys the land

DIAGRAMDIAGRAM

CLEARANCE

QUARRIES

ROADS MINES

TILLAGES

FERTILIZERS

CHEMICALMEANS

EFFECT OF HUMANEFFECT OF HUMAN Extensive and deep tillage Excessive use of fertilizers (especially mineral

fertilizers) Chemical means against weeds, diseases and pests of

plants Soil compaction by heavy machinery Amending relief landscape : roads quarries

surface mines other structures

Indirectly acting on the ground : sional qualifications forests

amending plant communities

IMPLICATIONS OF HUMAN

Increased erosion Less of humus Changes: height of groundwater level physical and chemical characteristics of soil

Exacerbate the conditions for life in the soil

REVITALIZATIONREVITALIZATION

strengthening, revitalizing the soil To lead the revitalization of appropriate

interventions in the land Acting against erosion (such as building

terraces on steep slopes) Lead to a permanent soil fertility by

increasing humus in the soil (good compost fertilizer, barnyard manures and fertilizer, adequate liming, etc.)

RESOURCES RESOURCES Our photos

Picture: http://images.google.cz/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ewa.cz/pages1/598_soubory/hnedozem.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ewa.cz/pages1/598.htm&usg=___Hd1OiaPkYzhcWz0K-G8b6Xm0n8=&h=480&w=161&sz=17&hl=cs&start=1&um=1&tbnid=ZsXH2QBBXOz8sM:&tbnh=129&tbnw=43&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dhn%25C4%259Bdozem%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dcs%26lr%3D%26sa%3DN

http://images.google.cz/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ewa.cz/pages1/595_soubory/cernozem.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ewa.cz/pages1/595.htm&usg=__c15I3bTkZlBr84c5V8Clj4fllEw=&h=483&w=165&sz=14&hl=cs&start=1&um=1&tbnid=u1KYZKRO7kVoPM:&tbnh=129&tbnw=44&prev=/images%3Fq%3D%25C4%258Dernozem%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dcs%26lr%3D

http://images.google.cz/imgres?imgurl=http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/1053/40093406.JPG&imgrefurl=http://www.dkimages.com/discover/DKIMAGES/Discover/Home/Science/Earth-Sciences/Geology/Soil/Layers/Layers-2.html&usg=__Vz7D3n-3ipDMTK0nqdWXwGbaRQA=&h=752&w=512&sz=62&hl=cs&start=14&um=1&tbnid=TO0p4BIXy1e9XM:&tbnh=141&tbnw=96&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpodzol%26um%3D1%26hl%3Dcs%26lr%3D

http://www.volny.cz/jiri.k.jurecka/obrazky/StavbaZeme2.jpg

THE ENDTHE END

Veronika Nováková Šárka Medová Vojtěch Novák ml. 2008 / 2009.

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