2016

2016

2016ii

40160

( diaeinfo@unctad.org)

2016( C.16.

II.D.4)

UNCTAD/WIR/2016 (Overview)

© 2016

iii

潘基文联合国秘书长

2015 40% 1.82008

100

2030

2016iv

2016 James X. Zhan ( ) Richard Bolwijn Bruno Casella Joseph Clements Hamed El

Kady Kumi Endo Michael Hanni Joachim Karl Hee Jae Kim Ventzislav Kotetzov Guoyong Liang( ) Shin Ohinata Diana Rosert Astrit Sulstarova Claudia Trentini Elisabeth Tuerk Joerg Weber

Kee Hwee Wee

Eleonora Alabrese Jorun Baumgartner Giannakopoulos Charalampos Malvika Monga Francesco Tenuta Linli Yu( )

Thomas van Giffen Natalia Guerra Isya Kresnadi Kálmán Kalotay Abraham Negash Elizabeth Odunlami Jacqueline Salguero HuamanIlan Strauss Tadelle Taye Paul Wessendorp

Bradley Boicourt Mohamed Chiraz Baly Lizanne Martinez

Caroline Lambert Lise Lingo Laurence Duchemin Teresita Ventura Pablo Cortizo

Sophie Combette and Nadège Hadjemian Elisabeth Anodeau-Mareschal Anne Bouchet Rosalina Goyena Peter Navarette Katia Vieu 2016

2016Rolf

Adlung Carlo Altomonte Paul Beamish Nathalie Bernasconi Martin Brauch Jansen Calamita Jeremy Clegg Davide Del Prete Henrik Dellestrand Chantal Dupasquier Xiaolan Fu Masataka Fujita Thomas Jost Markus Krajewski John Lee Hemant Merchant Loukas Mistelis Premila Nazareth Sheila Page Svein Parnas Markus Perkams Sergey Ripinsky Leslie Robinson Armando Rungi Pierre Sauvé Boštjan Skalar Roger Strange Jan van den Tooren

20

2016 2016

v

201538% 1.76 2008-2009

( ) 2014 4,320 7,2107,660

15%

9,620

2014 41% 55%2014

7,6502014 9%

5,000

10

33% 1.12007

40% 5,760

2016vi

2014

201550%

60%

2016 10-15%

20172018 1.8

2015 5407%

2016

16% 5,410

2016 2014

vii

17% 3,320 2012

2015 ( )1,680

20152016

10

/2015

2007

20162015

560 2%

350

2016viii

18% 32% 2016

2015 85%

2015 313,304

2016 5 15057

2015 70

(40%)

ix

2015

10060

2016

2015(

) ( )

1040

2016x

40%3

30%10% 1%

60%

100 50500 7 (

6 ) 20

70

80%

xi

()

()

2016xii

xiii

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .v

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27

2016xiv

1

2015

38% 1.7622008-2009 ( 1)

( ) 2014 4,3207,210

15%7,660

( 84%)2014 5,220 9,620

20142014 41% 2015 55%( 1)

67% 7,210 20072014 170 2,990( 36%)

20162

2015

( )7,650 ( 2014 9%)

5,000( 2) 10

( 3)

1. 2005-20152016-2018 ( 10 )

0

500

1 000

1 500

2 000

2 500

2005 20102006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

$1762+38%

35

962+84%

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P R O J E C T I O N S

© / (www.unctad.org/fdistatistics)。

3

2. 2013-2015 ( )

2013 2014 2015

283

165

429

176 170168

52 58 5485

56 35

431468

541

323 306

504

© / (www.unctad.org/fdistatistics)。

33% 1.12014 61% 2015 72% 11

20072007

40% 5,760

( 4)

20164

© /(www.unctad.org/fdistatistics)。

2014 201520 ( 10 ) 3.

20142015

20142015

(x) = 2014

380

175

136

101

73

69

65

65

49

44

43

40

32

31

30

25

22

20

20

17

107

114

129

31

52

7

68

73

59

35

15

52

1

-9

26

12

40

23

21

12

(3)

中国香港 (2)

中国 (1)

爱尔兰 (11)

荷兰 (8)

瑞士 (38)

新加坡 (5)

巴西 (4)

加拿大 (6)

印度 (10)

法国 (20)

联合王国 (7)

德国 (98)

比利时 (189)

墨西哥 (13)

卢森堡 (23)

澳大利亚 (9)

意大利 (14)

智利 (17)

土耳其 (22)

5

4.

317

114

123

56

43

106

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56

125

23

5

39

43

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28

27

64

9

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94

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39

39

35

35

35

28

28

27

24

19

16

20142015

20142015

(x) = 2014

日本 (4)

中国 (3)

荷兰 (7)

爱尔兰 (9)

德国 (5)

瑞士 (153)

加拿大 (8)

中国香港 (2)

卢森堡 (15)

比利时 (32)

新加坡 (11)

法国 (10)

西班牙 (12)

大韩民国 (13)

意大利 (14)

俄罗斯联邦 (6)

瑞典 (22)

挪威 (16)

智利 (19)

2014 201520 ( 10 )

美国 (1)

© /(www.unctad.org/fdistatistics)。

20166

1,230 1,280

20

( 5)30%

63%

© / (www.unctad.org/fdistatistics)。2015 G20 = 20 19

( ) TTIP = ( ) APEC = TPP = RCEP = ( ) BRICS =

5. 2014 2015( 10 )

652

353

341

271

G20

TPP

RCEP

BRICS

926

593

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256

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51%

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21%

53%

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669APEC 95352% 54%

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13 361

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(2015 3,880) 2007 2015

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201464%( 6)

© / (www.unctad.org/fdistatistics)。

6.2014 年( )

7

27

64

$26 tn

2

20168

2015 ()

20142012-2013

2,210 2015 20131,320 720

( 2015)

20157.4% 6.5%

9

7,950 ( 1)2014 6.7% 2015 6.0%

1. 2015

( 10 )1990 2005–2007

( )2013 2014 2015

207 1 418 1 427 1 277 1 762 242 1 445 1 311 1 318 1 474

2 077 14 500 24 533 25 113 24 9832 091 15 104 24 665 24 810 25 045

75 1 025 1 526 1 595 1 4044.4 7.3 6.5 6.7 6.0

122 1 101 1 447 1 509 1 3515.9 7.5 6.1 6.3 5.6 98 729 263 432 721

5 101 20 355 31 865 34 149 36 668( ) 1 074 4 720 7 030 7 419 7 903

4 595 40 924 95 671 101 254 105 7781 444 4 976 7 469 7 688 7 803

( ) 21 454 49 565 72 239 76 821 79 505

22 327 51 288 75 887 77 807 73 1525 072 11 801 18 753 19 429 18 200

29 172 298 311 2994 107 15 034 23 158 23 441 20 861

©

2016 10-15%

20162016 10-15%

2015 2008-2009

201610

2017 2018 1.8

2016( ) 2015 32%

( )1,600

201645% 2016 32%

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11

2015( 2)

2015 5407%

2015 126

18% 99

36% 58

78 2014 2%2015 14

2% 17987

18 10

25% 113

2016 550600 2016

201612

2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 1 427 1 277 1 762 1 311 1 318 1 474

680 522 962 826 801 1 065

323 306 504 320 311 576

283 165 429 363 372 367

662 698 765 409 446 378

52 58 54 16 15 11

431 468 541 359 398 332

350 383 448 312 365 293

36 41 50 2 12 8

46 43 42 45 20 31

176 170 168 32 31 33

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52 55 56 14 14 8 21 26 35 8 5 3

30 30 24 4 7 4

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22.7 24.0 28.6 24.4 23.6 39.1

19.8 12.9 24.3 27.7 28.2 24.9

46.4 54.7 43.4 31.2 33.8 25.6

3.7 4.6 3.1 1.2 1.2 0.8

30.2 36.6 30.7 27.4 30.2 22.5

24.5 30.0 25.4 23.8 27.7 19.9

2.5 3.2 2.9 0.2 0.9 0.5

3.2 3.4 2.4 3.4 1.5 2.1

12.3 13.3 9.5 2.5 2.4 2.2

0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1

5.9 4.4 2.0 5.8 5.5 2.1

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2.1 2.3 1.4 0.3 0.5 0.2

0.4 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1

© / (www.unctad.org/fdistatistics)。

2. 2013-2015( 10 )

13

16% 5,410

25% 3,220

500 2014 22%

2% 420

20152014 2016

17% 3,320 2015

1,280

201614

2014550

11% 67036%

80 54% 310

2015 ( )1,680

14%420

6% 1,210

12% 650

2014

2015 5% 33038%

31% 160

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15

2014 17% 86%

2016

2015

2015 38%350

6%48

42% 300/

98

2015310 2005

20152016

201616

9,6205,040

29%2014

4002015 4,290

20002014

2015 1.133%

1,000

20152016

2015

33% 350

17

2016

2016

18% 245

32% 48

50%

10

201618

19

7. 2001-2015( )

0

25

50

75

100

2

98 85

15

/ /

2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015

2015 4696 71

13 ( 12) 85%

(2010-2014 ) ( 7)

( )

201620

/

31 20(BIT) 11 (TIP)

3,304 (2,946 358)( 8)

21

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

TIPBIT

1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015

8. 1980-2015

3304

©

20156 4 3

2016 9 (72 )

12 2016 5 15057 (

)

201622

2015

10 20

2015( ) 70

( 9)2016 1 1

696 107

9. 1987-2015

1987 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 20150

10

20

30

40

50

60

70 696

©

23

(40%)

2015

2015

/100 (

)60

/

( 2014)

201624

2015 7

2015

25

2010 2015 1733,304

201210

10 40

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

201626

()

27

40%

40%3 ( 10)

50 500

( )

201628

10.

()

100

41

经济份量：

~50

%所有权链条中的

国家平均数目

: 2.

5

最大多国企业的外国

子公司占

60%

直接所有者

和最终所有

者位于

同一国

最终所有者

直接所有

投资者的国籍

日益模糊…

44

5615

©根据

Orb

is数据所作分析。

29

10030% 60%

100 50500 7 (

7 ) 20

70

()

201630

( )

2016450

2×2

40% 50%

30%

10%

1%

60%

( 11)

31

11.

2.5

41%

2.4

47%

2.9

27%

发展中亚洲

2.9

27%

非洲

2.9

26%

拉丁美洲

2.9

26%

加勒比

2.8

26%

2.5

30%

(

外国直接所有和外国最终所有

(不同国籍

)外国直接所有和

本国最终所有

本国直接所有和

外国最终所有

©根据

Orb

is数据所作分析。

201632

80%

2010

33

( )

( ) ( ) ( )

2010-2015(

)

75%

201634

( ) ( )( ) ( )

( )

(2012)

()

35

/

( ) ()

(12)

12.TTIP、RCEP TPP

(国际投资协定一般不适用)

(国际投资协定一般适用)

(国际投资协定一般适用)

(国际投资协定一般适用)14% 16%

32%

71%

25%

38%

1%

3%

2%

14%

56%

28%

RCEPTTIP TPP

TTIPRCEPTTP

© 根据Orbis数据所作分析。

201636

* * *

2016

37

WIR 2015: Reforming International Investment Governance

WIR 2014: Investing in the SDGs: An Action Plan

WIR 2013: Global Value Chains: Investment and Trade for Development

WIR 2012: Towards a New Generation of Investment Policies

WIR 2011: Non-Equity Modes of International Production and Development

WIR 2010: Investing in a Low-carbon Economy

WIR 2009: Transnational Corporations, Agricultural Production and Development

WIR 2008: Transnational Corporations and the Infrastructure Challenge

WIR 2007: Transnational Corporations, Extractive Industries and Development

WIR 2006: FDI from Developing and Transition Economies: Implications for Development

WIR 2005: Transnational Corporations and the Internationalization of R&D

WIR 2004: The Shift Towards Services

WIR 2003: FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives

WIR 2002: Transnational Corporations and Export Competitiveness

WIR 2001: Promoting Linkages

WIR 2000: Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions and Development

WIR 1999: Foreign Direct Investment and the Challenge of Development

WIR 1998: Trends and Determinants

WIR 1997: Transnational Corporations, Market Structure and Competition Policy

WIR 1996: Investment, Trade and International Policy Arrangements

WIR 1995: Transnational Corporations and Competitiveness

WIR 1994: Transnational Corporations, Employment and the Workplace

WIR 1993: Transnational Corporations and Integrated International Production

WIR 1992: Transnational Corporations as Engines of Growth

WIR 1991: The Triad in Foreign Direct Investment

201638

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Investment Policy Framework for Sustainable Developmentinvestmentpolicyhub.unctad.org/ipfsd

UNCTAD Entrepreneurship Policy Frameworkunctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/diaeed2012d1_en.pdf

World Investment Forumunctad-worldinvestmentforum.org

Sustainable Stock Exchanges Initiativesseinitiative.org

Business Schools for Impactbusiness-schools-for-impact.org

Investment Policy Hubinvestmentpolicyhub.unctad.org

FDI Statisticsunctad.org/fdistatistics

Investment Trends and Policies Monitorsunctad.org/diae

Internatinal Investment Agreementsunctad.org/iia

Investment Policy Reviewsunctad.org/ipr

ISAR Corporate Transparency Accountingunctad.org/isar

Transnational Corporations Journalunctad.org/tnc

worldinvestmentreport.org

worldinvestmentreport.org

Printed at United Nations, Geneva – 1610927 (C) – August 2016 – 316 – UNCTAD/WIR/2016 (Overview)