New May · 2012. 5. 9. · 5 kXyZqX≥ 2012 sabv temI kam[m\w C∂v cmjv{SßfpsS hnjbambn´mWv...

$Page 1: New May · 2012. 5. 9. · 5 kXyZqX≥ 2012 sabv temI kam[m\w C∂v cmjv{SßfpsS hnjbambn´mWv N¿®sNøs∏Sp∂Xv. cmjv ... mse kam[m\w Imw£n°p∂ \nch[n a\pjy kvt\lnIƒ temIØp≠vv.$



2012 sabvvkXyZqX≥4

AhcpsS IqSnbmtemN\Ifn¬ an°Xnepw

bmsXmcp \∑bpan√. Zm\[¿aw sNøp∂Xntem \√

Imcyßƒ°mtbm P\ßƒ°nSbn¬ cRvPn∏p

≠m°p∂Xnt∂m IqSnbmtemN\ sNøp∂hcp

tSsXmgn®v. A√mlphns‚ Xr]vXn At\zjn®v

sIm≠v Bsc¶nepw Aßs\bp≈ IpSnbmtemN\

sNøp∂Xmbm¬ \mw Ah∂v alØmb {]Xnêw

\¬Ip∂XmWv.(4:115)

Xncp\_n(k)bp sS ASp°¬ Hcmƒ Xs‚

lrZbØns‚ ImTn\ysØ∏‰n k¶Sw ]d™p.

Hcp A\mY Ipńsb emfn°phm\pw AKXn°v

Blmcw \¬Im\pw \_n (k) At±lsØ

D]tZin°pIbp≠mbn (X_dm\n)

sFIyw AYhm ssa{Xn F‰hpw AaqeyamWv. a‰v bmsXmcp

am¿tKWbpw ZqcoIcn°m≥ km[ya√mØ hn]Øp

Itfbpw at‰Xv D]mbw aqehpw ]cnlcn°m≥ IgnbmØ

hnjaXItfbpw sFIyw aptJ\ hnPbn°m≥

km[n°p∂XmWv F∂Xv B¿°pw tKm]yamb kwKXnb√.

AXpsIm≠v sFIyØns‚ A\p{KloX êßfn¬

\n∂pw \mw \sΩ AI‰n°fbp∂Xv Hcn°epw

_p≤n]q¿hIambncn°n√. (ssa{Xo ktμiw)

sFIyaXyw alm_ew

2012 sabvkXyZqX≥5

temI kam[m\w C∂v cmjv{SßfpsS hnjbambn´mWv N¿®sNøs∏Sp∂Xv.

cmjv{SsØ°mƒ kam[m\Øn∂v ssPh_‘ap≈Xv hy‡nIfpsS Iq´mbvabmb

kaqlhpambn´mWv. ̀ qanbpw AXn¿Ønbpw ]cam[nImchpw ]´mfhpap≈XmWv cmjv{Sw.

kΩ¿± tijnbpw kwlmc i‡nbpap≈ cmjv{Sw Ir{Xnahpw a\pjycm¬ \n¿an°s∏´

a\pjycpsS ÿm]\hpamWv. F∂m¬ kaqlw {]IrXnbpsS Hcp ss\k¿KnI

krjvSnbmWv. _enjvTamb k∂mlßfpw ]cam[nImchpap≈ cmjv{Sßƒ°v

lrZbØns‚ DZmØ `mhhpambn _‘s∏´ kam[m\w hy‡nbntem kaqlØntem

sIm≠p hcphm≥ km[ya√. a\pjys‚ ùXnIt£ahpw AXpambn _‘s∏´ hn`n∂

kXzt_m[hpap≈ c≠v cmjv{Sßƒ ASpØSpØv \n¬°ptºmƒ AXn¿ØnIƒ

kwL¿j `cnXamhp∂p. {]Xy£amb kwL¿jØn\v AXv hgn sXfnbn°pIbpw

sNøp∂p. C∂v kam[m\w ]pecm≥ D`b cmjv{Sßƒ am{Xw B{Kln®m¬ t]mc. temIw

apgph≥ hebw sNbvXv \n¬°p∂ h≥ i‡nIfpsS Bio¿hmZhpw a‰p ]e

k¶o¿Æamb LSIßfpw A\pIqemhÿbpw AXn\p≠mhWw. kam[m\Øn\p

th≠n ka¿∏n°s∏´ BtKmf ÿm]\amb sFIycmjv{S k`sb

t\m°pIpØnbm°nsIm≠pw h≥i‡nIfpsS CwKnXØn∂v A\pIqeam°nXo¿Øpw

temIØv kwL¿jw hfcpIbmWv. A[nImchpw i‡nbpap≈ cmjv{Sw a\pjys‚

ùXnI t£aw am{Xw apJyambpw e£yam°p∂p. AXvsIm≠pXs∂ Aim¥nbpw

kwL¿jhpw AXns‚ Dt]m¬∏∂ßfmWv. kam[m\w as‰mcp `qanIbn¬ \n∂mWv

Bcw`nt°≠Xv.

Ckvemans‚ G‰hpw {]nbs∏´ BZ¿iamWv kam[m\w. Ckvemw F∂ ]ZØn∂v

kam[m\w F∂mWv A¿Yw. ssZhkvacWbp≈ a\pjy lrZbamWv kam[m\Øns‚

A[njvTm\ambn Ckvemw ImWp∂Xv. (Ahcs{X) hnizkn°pIbpw A√mlphns‚

kvacW aqew a\ am[m\w {]m]n°pIbpw sNbvXh¿. AdnbpI; A√mlphns‚

kvacW sIm≠v am{Xta a\ am[m\w ssIhcnIbp≈p.(13:29) bYm¿∞ apkvenwIsf

t]mse kam[m\w Imw£n°p∂ \nch[n a\pjy kvt\lnIƒ temIØp≠vv.

BXvaobhpw [m¿anIhpamb bYm¿Y aqeyßƒ BZ¿ißfmbn kzoIcn®m¬ am{Xta

a\pjy lrZbØnepw kaqlØnepw imizX kam[m\w ssIhcnIbp≈q F∂h¿

IcpXp∂p.

bYm¿YØn¬ kam[m\w F∂Xv a\pjys‚ Cl]c PohnXØns‚ ka{KXbn¬

km¿YIamIp∂ Hcp BibamWv. kIe a\pjycpw A\p`hn®dnbp∂ Hcp

A\ntj[ybmYm¿YyamWv acWw. £WnIamb a\pjys‚ `qanbnse PohnX

{]bmWØns‚ s]mcpfpw e£yhpw ad∂p sIm≠pw aqeyßƒ _enIgn®p sIm≠pw

\izcamb Cu temIØn\v th≠n \mw F{X henb hocytØmsSbmWv s]mcpXp∂Xv!.

tbiphns‚ Hcp D]am hN\w {i≤n°pI: ̀ qanbn¬ \nt£]ßƒ \n\°mbn kw`cn®p

sh°cpXv. AhnsS Ahsb IoSßfpw Xpcpºpw Xn∂p \in∏n°pw I≈∑m¿

IpØn°h¿∂v sIm≠p t]mIpIbpw sNøpw. IoSßfpw Xpcpºpw Xn∂p

\in∏n°mØXpw I≈∑m¿ Ih¿® \SØmØXpamb kz¿KØn¬ \n\°mbn

\nt£]ßƒ IcpXn sh°pI. ImcWw \ns‚ \nt£]w FhnsStbm

AhnsSbmbncn°pw \ns‚ lrZbhpw.(aØm:6:19) hyIvXnIfn¬ \n∂pw Bcw`n°p∂

Cu imizX kam[m\Øns‚ Nn¥Iƒ ùXnI temIw shń∏nSn°m\p≈

AXym¿∞nbpw A[nImcØns‚ Zpcbpambpw _‘s∏´X√. temIkam[m\Øns‚

kz¿Kob thcpIƒ ssZhNn¥bpambn _‘s∏´XmWv. hy‡nIfpw kaqlhpw

cmjv{Shpw Cu kXyw a\ nem°n AsXmcp {]ÿm\ambn hf¿ØnsbSp°pIbpw

thWw. F¶n¬ am{Xta imizX im¥n temIØn\v ssIhcn°m≥ km[n°q. B Hcp

ImeØn\mbn \ap°v {]m¿Yn°pIbpw {]h¿Øn°pIbpw sNømw .

kz¿Kob thcpIfp≈ kam[m\w


lZvdØv AlvaZv (A)

Blv ! Ckveman-\p-≠m-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ Ahÿ

Rms\-ß-s\-bmWv \nßsf ImWn-°p-I. t\m°q!

CXp Xs∂-bmWv _Zv-dns‚ Ime-L-´-sa∂v Rm≥

ho≠pw Xpd∂p ]d-bp-I-bm-Wv. Ckveman-\p-ta¬ A[-

]-X-\-Øns‚ Imew h∂p Ign-™n-cn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬,

AXns\ klm-bn-°m≥ Ct∏mƒ A√mlp hnNm-cn-®p.

Aßs\ Ckvemans\ {]am-W-ß-tfmSpw {]tim-`n-X-

amb sXfn-thm-Spw-IqSn F√m kap-Zm-b-ß-fp-tSbpw aX-

ß-fp-tS-bpw-ta¬ hnP-bn-∏n®p ImWn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n

Ah≥ Fs∂ Ab-®p. A√mlp Xs‚ {]Xm]w shfn-

s∏-S-W-sa∂v Cu A\p-Kr-loX Ime-L-´-Øn¬ B{K-

ln-®p. CXns\ XS-bm≥ Ct∏mƒ Bcp-an-√. BZyw

kzlm-_m-°-fpsS Ime-L-´-Øn¬ \mep khn-ti-j-

Kp-W-ß-fpsS ( d∫v, dlvam≥, dlow, amenIv ) Hcp

{]tXyI tPymXn- v shfn-s∏-́ n-cp-∂-Xp-t]mse, Ct∏mƒ

ho≠pw AtX Ime-L-´hpw ]cn-]m-e-\-Xz-Øns‚

t\chpw h∂n-cn-°p-∂p. Ipńsb thsd am‰n \ndp-

Øm-\mWv A⁄-\mb FXn-cmfn B{K-ln-°p-∂-Xv.

F∂m¬, A√m-lp-hns‚ ]cn-]m-e\Xzw AXm-{K-ln-°p-

∂n-√. ag-t]mse Ahs‚ ImcpWyw h¿jn-®p-sIm-≠n-

cn-°p-∂p. Zo\ns‚ klm-bn-I-sf∂v ]d-b-s∏-Sp∂ Cu

aue-hn-am¿ FXn¿Øp-sIm≠v A√m-lp-hns‚ {]Im-

isØ Du-Xn-s°-Sp-Øm≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂p. F∂m¬,

Cu {]Imiw A√mlp B{K-ln-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse

]q¿Øn-bmbn \ne-\n-ev°p-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°pw.

\nß-fpsS \_n acn-®p-t]m-sb∂pw Pohn-®n-cn-°p∂

\_n Cukm am{X-am-sW∂pw ibvXzms‚ kv]¿i-\-

Øn¬\n∂v c£-s∏-´Xv akolv am{X-am-sW∂pw

akolv acn -® -hsc Pohn -∏n -®p -sh∂pw AXn\p

Dt]m¬_-e-I-ambn akolv ]£nsb krjvSn-°m-dp-

≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw ]mXncn NmSn-sb-gp-t∂‰p ]d-bp-

tºmƒ Ch¿ kt¥m-jn-°p-∂p. AXw-Ko-I-cn-°p-∂p.

GI-ssZh hnizm-kn-bmb Hcmƒ Fs‚-b-SpØp h∂p.

Rm≥ Abm-tfmSp tNmZn-®p, akolv ]£n-Isf

krjvSn-°m-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-ht√? Ct∏mƒ Ah s]cp-

In-bn-́ p-≠m-Ip-at√m? A√m-lp-hns‚ ]£n-I-tfbpw Cu-

km-bpsS ]£n-I-tfbpw Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ Ign-bptam?

Abmƒ ]d-™p, IqSn-°-e¿∂p-t]m-bn! C{]-Imcw

C°q-́ ¿ ako-lns\ ]IpXn ssZh-Xz-hm-Zn-bm°n sh®n-

cn-°p-∂p.

AXp-t]mse Xs∂ C°q-´¿ Z÷m-ens\ kw_-

‘n®v hniz-kn-®p-h-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv acn-®-hsc Pohn-

∏n°pw, AXp sNøpw, CXp sNøpw Fs∂m-s°-bm-

Wv. Atlm IjvSw! hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ em CemlC√-√mlv F∂ hmƒsIm≠v ssZh-Øns‚ khn-tij

KpW-ß-fp-s≠∂v hniz-kn-°p∂ hy¿Y-amb ssZh-ß-

sf-sbms° h[n-°p-∂p. At∏mƒ Cu Z÷m¬ Fhn-

sS-∂mWv ]pd-s∏´p h∂Xv? hnip≤ Jp¿-B-\nse

^mXnl F∂ A[ym-b-Øn¬ blq-Zn -bm-°p-∂-

Xn¬\n∂pw {InkvXym-\n-bm°p-∂-Xn¬\n-∂pw c£-s∏-

Sm≥ ZpB ]Tn-∏n-®p. Z÷m-ens‚ Imcyw A√m-lp-hn\v

Hm¿abp-≠m-bnt√? CXv F{X-am{Xw henb ^nXv\-

bmWv? C°q-´-cpsS _p≤n ac-hn-®p-t]mbn F∂-XmWv

hmkvX-hw.

C°q-´¿ Cßs\ Ckvem-ans\ \nμn-°m≥ Xev]-c-

cm-b-t∏mƒ C∂m \lv\p \ ¬\±nIvd h C∂m elqelm-^n-fq≥ F∂ Xs‚ hmKvZm-\-a-\p-k-cn®v hnip-≤-

Jp¿-Bs‚ alXzw \ne-\n-dp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n 14-˛mw

\q‰m-≠ns‚ Xe-bv°¬ Fs∂ Ab-®p. GXp-co-Xn-

bnemWv Ahs‚ AS-bm -f -ßƒ {]Xy -£-s∏-

´psIm≠ncn-°p-∂-sX∂v Ch¿ ImWp-∂nt√? kqcy-N{μ

{Kl-W-ßƒ da-fm-\n¬ D≠m-bn. At∏mƒ alvZn \ne-

hn-ep-≠m-Im-Xn-cns° , alvZn-bpsS AS-bmfw ]q¿Øn-

bm-Ip-∂-sX-ßs\? A√m-lp-hn\v NXn-]-‰n-sb-∂mtWm?

HÍw D]-tbm-K-an-√m-Ø-Xm-bn´pw akolv h∂n√!

BIm-iØpw ̀ qan-bnepw AS-bm-f-ßƒ ]pe¿∂p. htc-

≠-bmƒ hc-W-sa∂v Ime-Øns‚ Ah-ÿbpw Bh-

iy-s∏-Sp-∂p. F∂m¬, Ch¿ \ntj-[n-®p-sImt≠

t]mIp∂p! htc-≠-bmƒ h∂n-cn-°p-∂p. h∂-bmsf

\ntj-[n-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠pw tImem-l-e-ßƒ D≠m-°p-

∂-Xp-sIm≠pw H∂pw kw -̀hn-°m≥ t]mIp-∂n-√. C°q-

´-cpsS ioew F∂pw Cßs\ Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

A√mlp ]d™ Imcy-ßƒ kXy -am-Wv. AXv ]pe-cp-

I-Xs∂ sNøpw. (-a¬^q-ZmØv , hmfyw 1, t]Pv 432-

˛433, ]pXnb ]Xn-∏v)

Rm≥ A√m-lp-hn¬\n∂v h∂-h≥

bpKi_vZw

2012 sabvkXyZqX≥7

Hm¿an-°p-I. C_vdm-loapw Ckvam-

Cuepw B {]tXyI aμn-c-Øns‚

Aÿn-hmcw ]Sp-Øp-b¿Øp-Ibm-bn-

cp-∂-t∏mƒ, (A-h¿ {]m¿Yn-®p); Rß-

fpsS \mYm Rß-fn¬ \n∂p (Cu

tkh-\-w) kzoI-cn-t°-W-ta. \n›-b-

ambpw F√mw tIƒ°p-∂-h\pw

\∂mbn Adn-bp-∂-h\pw \o Xs∂-bm-

W-s√m.

Rß-fpsS \mYm. \o Rß-fn-cp-h-

scbpw \ns∂ A\p-k-cn-°p-∂-h-cm-°p-

Ibpw Rß-fpsS k¥-Xn-I-fn¬ \n∂v

\ns∂ A\p-k-cn-°p∂ Hcp kap-Zm-

bsØ Fgpt∂¬∏n-°p-Ibpw sNtø-

W-ta. Rßƒ°v Rß-fpsS Bcm-[-

\m-hn-[-ßƒ \o ImWn-®p-X-tc-W-ta.

Rß-fpsS t\sc Xu_ kzoI-cn-®p-

sIm≠v Imcp-Wy-tØmsS Xncn-tb-W-

ta. \n›-b-ambpw hf-sc-b-[nIw

Xu_ kzoI-cn-°p-∂-h\pw Icp-Wm-a-

b\pw \o X-s∂-bm-W-t√m.

Rß-fpsS \mYm. Ah¿°v \ns‚

ZrjvSm-¥-ßƒ hnh-cn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-

Ibpw {KŸhpw XØz-⁄m-\hpw ]Tn-

∏n-°p-Ibpw Ahsc ip≤o-I-cn-°p-

Ibpw sNøp∂ Hcp ZqXs\ \o Ah-

cn¬ \n∂v Fgp-t∂¬∏n-t°-W-ta.

Xo¿®-bmbpw {]Xm-]-im-enbpw AKm-

[-⁄m-\nbpw \o Xs∂-bm-Ip-∂p.

(hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ 2:128˛130)

Cu Bb-Øp-I -fn¬ hn\ -

bØns‚bpw XymKØns‚bpw

Bflm¿YXbpsSbpw amXrIbpw

{]m¿Y\bpamWv ]Tn∏n°p∂Xv. AtX-

t]mse Xs‚ hcpw Xe-apd A√m-lp-

hp-ambn _‘-s∏´v \n¬°Ww F∂

A`n-em-jhpw, P\-ßsf A√m-lp-hn-

te°v sIm≠p-t]m-Im-\p≈ am¿K-tc-

Jbpw, A√m-lp-hns‚ Zmk-cm-bn-Øo-

cm -\p≈ A`n -hmRvPbpw CXn¬

Dƒs∏Sp∂p.

BZy Bb-Øn¬ lZvdØv C_vdm

low (A), lZvdØv Ckvam-Cu¬ (A)

F∂n-h¿ sNbvX AXn-a-l-Ømb

XymKsØbmWv kvacn -°p -∂-X v .

C_vdmloapw CkvamCuepw IAv_

aμn -c -Øn¬ Hmtcm CjvSn -Ibpw

ÿ m ] n ® p s I m ≠ n c p ∂ t ∏ m ƒ

A√mlp ]d™Xv Cu tKl-Øns‚

]Wn ]q¿Øn-bm-bn-°-gn-™m¬ ]nXm-

hn-s\bpw aI-s\bpw AXn-\p-ti-j-ap-

≠m-Ip∂ a°-sfbpw Cu acp-{]-tZ-

iØv Fs∂-t∂-°p-ambn Xma-kn-

∏n°pw F∂m-Wv. aI-t\mSv ]d-bp-∂Xv

Cu acp-{]-tZ-i-Øv, Cu hoSns‚ at\m-

lm-cnX \ne-\n¿Øp-∂-Xn-∂mbn \o

C\n Chn -sS -Øs∂ hkn -°Ww

F∂m-Wv. A√m-lp-hns‚ hcn-jvT-Zm-

k-cmb Ccp -h¿°pwXs∂ Hcp

ImeØv temI-P-\-ß-fpsS tI{μw

CXmbnØocp-sa∂ ssZh-hm-KvZm-\-

Øn¬ ASn-bp-d® hnizm-k-ap-≠m-bn-cp-

∂p. F∂m¬ CsX√mw F∂mWv

kw`-hn-°pI F∂Xv B¿°-dn-bmw.

B ka-bØv shdpw XymKw H∂v am{X-

amWv I≠n-cp-∂-Xv. F∂n´pw hfsc

hn\oXcm-bn-s°m≠v A√m-lp-hn-t\mSv

C{]-Imcw {]m¿Yn-°p-∂Xv t\m°p-I.

A√m-lpth \n\-°p-th≠nbp≈ Cu

{]hrØn-Iƒ Rßƒ sNøp-∂Xv

\ns‚ ^fv¬ H∂p-sIm≠v am{X-am-Wv.

AXp-sIm≠v Rß-fpsS Cu XymKw

\o kzoI-cn-®m-epw. Rßƒ sNbvXn-cn-

°p∂ Cu {]h¿Ø-\-Øn¬ Hcp-hn[

hen-∏-Ø-chpw Rßƒ {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-

∂n-√. CXn-\p≈ {]Xn-^-e-Øn-\p≈

Ah-Imiw Rßƒ°n-√. ZpB

tIƒ°p∂ A√m-lp-th! \o Rß-

fpsS ZpBIƒ tI´m-epw. Rß-fpsS

ssIhiw Fs¥m-∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂pthm

AsX√mw Rßƒ sNehp sNbvXp.

C\nbpw Rßƒ Ign-bp∂ XymK-ßƒ

sNøp-∂-Xm-sW∂v hm°v Xcp-∂p.

Rß-fpsS k¥m-\-ßfpw Cu XymK-

Øn¬ ]¶m-fn -I-fm -I-W-sa-∂mWv

Rßƒ B{K-ln-°p-∂-Xv. Cu Hcp

ZpB-bmWv Ccp-hcpw sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xv.

XpS¿∂v A√m-lp-hns\ kwt_m-

[\ sNbvXp -sIm≠v ]d -bp -∂p.

Rßƒ Rß-fpsS lrZ-b-Øns‚

bYm¿Y Ahÿ \ns‚ ka£w

ka¿∏n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. \o F√mw Adn-

bp-∂-h-\m-Wv. Rßƒ sNøp-∂-sX√mw,

Rßƒ ]d-bp-∂sX√mw \o Adn-bp-

∂p. Rßƒ sNøp-∂-sX√mw \ns‚

{]oXn°pth-≠n-bm-Wv. \o Rß-fpsS

Cu XymKsØ kzoI-cn-®p-sIm≠v

CXns\ \ns‚ `h\am°n amt‰-W-ta.

\ns‚ `h\w ChnsS D≈-Xp-sIm≠v

Cu acp-{]-tZiw P\-\n-_n-V-am-bn-Øo-

c-s´. Rßƒ \ns‚ I¬]\ tI´v

Rßƒ°v a\- n-em-b-X-\p-k-cn®v

\ns‚ `h\w \n¿an-®p. CXv P\-hm-

k-tI-{μ-ambnØocm-\mWv RßfnXv

sNbvX-Xv. F∂m¬ CXns‚ bYm¿Y

P\-hmkw \ns‚ ^fvep-ambn _‘-

s∏-´-Xm-Wv. Cu tKlsØ _mly-

amb \ne-bn¬ P\-hm-k-ap-≈-Xm-°n-

Øo¿°p-∂-h¿°pw \o \n∂n-te°v

FØn-t®-cm≥ Ign-bp∂ Dƒ°mgvN

\¬tI-W-ta. Bflo-b-X-bn¬ Ahsc

hf¿Øp-∂-Xm-t°-W-ta.

Npcp -°-Øn¬ apkvenw-I-fpsS

akvPn-Zp-Iƒ Cu Hcp Bflm-thm-Sp-Iq-

Sn-bmWv \n¿an-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Aß-s\-

bmWv BtI-≠-Xv. AX-√msXbp≈

at\m-l-c- sI-ń-S-ßƒ°v Hcp ÿm\

bqtdm∏n¬ akvPnZv \n¿amWØnep≈ IpXn∏v

(27˛04˛2012 \v Jeo^Øp¬

akolv ss_Øp¬ Aam≥

akvPnZn¬ (e≠≥) \n¿hln®

PpapA JpXzv-_-bp-sS- kw-{Klw.)

lZvdØv an¿km akvdq¿ AlvaZv (AøZlp)

Jeo^Øp¬ akolv

JpXzv_


hpan√. at\m-l-c-amb akvPn-Zp-Iƒ

\n¿an-°-s∏-Sm-dp-≠v. F∂m¬ AXn¬

Cu Bflmhv ImWn-√. akvPnZv \n¿am-

W-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm\ e£yw AXn¬

ImWn-√.

Xncp-\_n (k) ]d-bp-I-bp-≠m-bn.

akvPn-Zp-I-fn¬ A[nIamb sImØp-]-

Wn-Iƒ ]mSn-√. a‰p aX-ÿ¿ Ah-

cpsS Bcm-[-\m-e-b-ß-fn¬ sImØp-

]-Wn-Iƒ sNøm-dp-≠v. F∂m¬ cmPm-

°-∑mcpw kº-∂cpw \n¿an® ]e

]≈n -I -fnepw sImØp-] -Wn -Iƒ

\ap°v ImWm≥ km[n-°p-∂p. Nne

akvPn-Zp-Ifn¬ cmPm-°-∑m¿ kz¿Ww

hsc ]qip-I-bp-≠m-bn. kz¿Ww ]qip-

Itbm AXnse sImØp-]-Wn-Itfm

A√ AXns‚ kuμ-cyw.

akvPn-Zp-I-fpsS kuμcyw AXns\

P\-km-{μ-am -°p-∂-Xn -em -Wp≈-Xv.

A√m-lp-hns‚ {]oXn°v th≠n-am-{X-

ap≈ P\-ßƒ AXn¬ \nd-b-Ww.

lZvdØv apkvenlv auDuZv (d) Hcp

ÿeØv hnh-cn-°p-∂p. Rm≥ Hcn-

°¬ Ad_n \mń¬ t]mbn-cp-∂p.

(ankvdn-s\-°p-dn-®mWv ]d-bp-∂-Xv F∂v

tXm∂p∂p.) Ahn-sS-bp≈ at\m-l-c-

amb Hcp henb akvPn-Zn¬ t]mb-

t∏mƒ \a-kv°-cn-°p∂ \me©v Bfp-

Iƒ Hcp aqe -bn¬ t]mbn \a -

kv°cn°p∂Xmbn I≠p. CsX-¥m-

sW∂v Ah-tcmSv tNmZn-®-t∏mƒ Ahn-

SsØ Camw ]d-™p; P\-ßƒ \a-

kv°m-c-Øn-\mbn hcm-dn-√. \mWw-sIm-

≠mWv anAv-dm-_n¬ \n∂v \a-kv°-cn-

°m-Ø-Xv. C{X henb at\m-l-c-amb

]≈n-bn¬ \me©v t]sc I≠v hcp∂

Bfp-Iƒ F¥v [cn°pw F∂v Icp-Xn-

bmWv AXv sNøm-Ø-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v

Cu aqe-bn¬ h∂v Rßƒ \a-kv°-

cn-°pw. Bsc-¶nepw h∂m¬ icn-

°p≈ \a-kv°mcw Ign-s™∂pw CXv

]n∂oSv h∂hcmWv \a-kv°-cn-°p-∂-

sX∂pw a\- n -em -°n -s°m-≈pw.

F∂m¬ as‰mcp Ah-ÿbpw D≠v.

akvPn-Zn¬ P\-ßƒ \√-Xp-t]mse

t]mIp-∂p-s≠-¶nepw ]≈n \nd-bp-∂p-

s≠-¶nepw akvPn -Zn¬ t]mIp∂

Hcmƒ°p-≠m-tI≠ Bfl-ssNX\yw

Ah-cn¬ D≠m-Ip-I-bn-√. ̀ uXnI Nn¥

Ahsc Ft∏mgpw Iogvs∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-

≠n-cn-°pw. A√m-lp-hn-te°v ]q¿W-

ambpw Ah¿ Xncn-bp-∂n-√.

AXp-sIm≠v \mw akvPnZv \n¿an-

°p-tºmƒ A√m-lp-hns‚ apºn¬

Ipºn-tS-≠-Xm-Wv. Ahs‚ {]oXn Ic-

ÿ-am-°p-∂-h-cmbn \mw amd-Ww.

akvPnZv \n¿Ωn-°p-∂n-\mbn \mw

ka¿∏n® XymK-Øn\v A√m-lp-hn-

t\mSv \μnbp≈-h-cm-bn -Øo-cp -I.

AXn¬ Hcn-°epw Al-¶-cn-°m≥

]mSn-√. ImcWw \mw sNøp∂ Cu

XymK-ßƒ lZvdØv Ckvam-Cu¬

(A) sNbvX XymK-Øns‚ e£-Øn¬

Hcwiw t]mep-an-√.

\mw [\-Xym-K-amWv s]mXp-hn¬

sNøm-dp-≈-Xv. AXpw \ΩpsS Ign-h-

\p-k-cn-®v. C∂sØ Cu temIØv

CXpw henb XymKw Xs∂-bm-Wv. \√

Dt±-i-Øn-\mb [\-XymKw henb

Imcyw-X-s∂-bm-Wv. \ΩpsS B{K-l-

ß-sf√mw am‰n-sh-®p-sIm-≠m-Wv Cu

[\-XymKw sNøp -∂-X v . ]≈n

\n¿amWw F∂Xv XnI®pw «mL-

\obw Xs∂. Xncp-\_n (k) C°m-cy-

Øn -te -°v ]e-t∏m -gmbn {i≤

£Wn®n-́ p-≠v. A√m-lp-hns‚ ]°¬

Cß-s\-bp-≈-h¿ {]Xn-êw Ic-ÿ-

am-°pw. A√m-lp-hns‚ A\p-{K-l-

Øm¬ ]m›mXy \mSp-I-fnse Pam-A-

Øn¬ C°m-cy-Øn-te°v hf-sc-b-

[nIw {i≤ Xncn-™n-´p-≠v. akvPn-Zp-

Iƒ \n¿an-°-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.

Xß-fpsS B{K-l-ßƒ Nne¿ ]q¿W-

ambpw am‰n-Øn-cp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

an®w hcp∂ XpI-b√ Ah¿ sNehp

sNøp-∂-Xv. Xßsf {]bm-k-Øn¬

kzbw AI-s∏-SpØn hsc XymKw

sNøp-∂p. F∂ncp∂mepw C°m-cy-

Øn¬ Al-¶-cn-°-cps-X∂ Imcyw

\mw Hm¿t°-≠XmWv.

Cu akvPn-Zns‚ \n¿am-W-Øn¬

GI-tZiw 12 e£w ]u≠v sNe-hm-

bn-´p-≠v. 1.2 an√y¨ ]u≠v. Chn-sS-

bp≈ Pam -A-ØmWv C{Xbpw

hmKvZm\w sNbvX-Xv. 75 iX-am\w hsc

AS-®p-Xo¿°p-Ibpw sNbvXp Ign-

™p. 80000, 75000 ]u≠v hsc

\¬Inbhcp≠v. Nne¿ henb

XymKßƒ sNbvXn-́ p-≠v.15000, 20000,

30000, ]u≠v \¬In-b-hcpw D≠v.

]Xn-s\m∂v Bfp-I-fpsS hmKv

Zm\w Rm≥ t\m°n-b-t∏mƒ AXp-

Xs∂ aq∂v e£-Øn\v apI-fn¬

t]mIpw. C°m-esØ {]Xn-Iqe

kml-N-cy-Øn¬ Pam-A-Øn-\p-th≠n

sNøp∂ Cu XymKw XnI®pw `mcn-®-

Xp-X-s∂. F∂n-cp-∂mepw F√m XymK-

ßfpw \sΩ hn\-bm-\zn-X-cm-°-Ww.

CsX√mw D≠m-bn-cns° A√mlp

\ΩpsS apºmsI hnh-cn® DZm-l-cWw

sh®p t\m°ptºmƒ \ΩpsS XymK-

ßƒ Xp—-am-Wv. Cu XymK-ßƒ°v

ê-ap-≠m-I-W-sa-¶n¬ akvPn-Zp-Isf

P\-hm-k-ap-≈-Xm°n am‰-Ww.

a° P\-hm-k-an-√mØ acp-{]-tZ-i-

am-bn-cp-∂p. Ahn-sS-bmWv A√m-lp-

hns‚ hoSv \n¿an -°-s∏-´ -Xv. Cu

bqtdm]y≥ \mSp-Iƒ Bflo-b-ambn

t\m°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Xcn-ip-`q-an-bm-

Wv. Chn-sSbpw P\-\n-_nV-am-°p-

Ibpw lcn-Xm-` -am°n am‰p -Ibpw

sNtø-≠-Xm-Wv. Cu e£y-Øn-\p-

th≠nbmWv bqtdm-∏n¬ \mw akvPnZv

\n¿an-°p-∂-Xv.

AXp-sIm≠v Cu Hcp al¬{]-

hrØn Ft∏mgpw \mw ap∂n¬ ImtW-

≠-Xm-Wv. Ppap-B°v th≠n am{Xw

akvPnZv \nd-®m¬ Imcy-ambn√. a‰p \a-

kv°m-c-Øns‚ lmP¿ \nebpw h¿≤n-

°-Ww.

\ΩpsS [\-XymKw kzoIm-cy-am-Ip-

∂Xv A√m-lp-hn-t\mSv C{]-Imcw ZpB

sNøp-tºm-gm-Wv. A√m-lpth! \o CXv

kzoI-cn -®p -sIm≠v Rßƒ°v

Bflob A`n-hr≤n \¬tI-W-ta. Cu

akvPn-Zns\ \nd-°p-hm≥ XuôJpw

\¬tI-W-ta. ImcWw Cu akvPnZv

\n¿an-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv \ns∂ am{Xw Bcm-

[n-°m-\m-sW∂ hkvXpX \o Adn-bp-

∂p. Bflo-b-X-bn¬ A`n-hr≤n

ssIh-cn-°p-∂-hsc Cu {]tZ-iØv \o

\nd-°p-Ibpw sNtø-W-ta. \ns‚

kvac-W-bm¬ \nd-°p-∂-Xn-\m-bmWv

Cu akvPnZv \n¿an-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

Rß-fpsS XymK-ßƒ kzoI-cn-®p-

sIm≠v Rßsf \ns‚ kmao]yw Ic-

ÿ-am-°p∂ Bflob ÿm\-sØ-Øn-

t°-W-ta. \ns‚ A\p-{K-l-ßƒ Ic-

ÿ-am -°n -s°m≠v \ns‚ kz¿K-

Øns‚ Ah-Im-in-I-fmbn Rßƒ amd-

s´.

lZo-kn¬ hcp-∂p. apkv\Zv Alva-

Zn_v\p lºen¬ h∂ lZo-km-Wv.

Xncp-\_n (k) Acp-fn. Jnbm-aØv

Znhkw ds∫ A -h-P¬ ]d-bpw.

A\p-Kr-lo-X¿ Bcm-bn-cn°pw F∂v.

At∏mƒ P\-ßƒ DSs\ Adn-bpw.

P\-ßƒ tNmZn-®p. bmd-kq-ep-√mlv

A\p-Kr-lo-X¿ Bcm-Wv. akvPn-Zp-I-

fn¬ ZnIvdns‚ aPven-kp-Iƒ kwL-Sn-

∏n-°p-∂-h¿.

_pJm -cn -bn¬ \n∂p≈ Hcp

lZokv lZvdØv A_q-lp-ssdd (d)

hnh-cn-°p-∂p. \_n (k) Acp-fn.

cmhn-sebpw sshIp-t∂-chpw akvPn-

Zn¬ t]mIp-∂-h¿°mbn kz¿K-Øn¬

A√mlp AXnYn k¬°m-c-Øn-\p≈

Hcp-°-ßƒ sNbvXp-sh-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.

2012 sabvkXyZqX≥9

AXp-sIm≠v \ΩpsS akvPn-Zp-Iƒ

`‡n-bp-sSbpw A\p-{K-l-Øn-s‚bpw

\ne-hmcw Ic-ÿ-am-°p-∂-Xmbn amd-

Ww. A√m-lp -hns‚ ]°¬ Cu

akvPnZpw AXn¬ hcp∂hcpw A√m-

lp-hns‚ {]nb-cmbn amd-s´. Ah¿

A√m-lp-hns‚ {]oXn Ic-ÿ-am-°p-∂-

h -cmbn amd -s´. kz¿K-Øn¬

A√mlphns‚ AXnYn k¬°m-c-

Øn¬ Dƒs∏Sp-∂-h-cm-bn-Øo-cs´.

Cu e£y-tØmsS akvPn-Zp-Ifn¬

\akvImcw \n¿hln -°p -∂-h¿

`mKyhm∑m -cm -Wv . Ah¿ B

temIsØ kz¿K-Øns‚ am{Xw Ah-

Im-in-I-f√ Bhp-I. Cu temIsØ

kz¿K-Øns‚ Ah-Im-in-I-fp-ambn

amdp-∂p.

Npcp-°-Øn¬ BcpsS lrZ-b-

amtWm kwXr-]vX-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂Xv

Ah¿°v CXn -s\ -°mfpw henb

P∂Øv GXmWv e`n-°p-I. C°m-

eØv temIw AkzkvY-P-\-I-am-Wv.

ssZhsØ ad-∂-Xp-sIm-≠mWv Cu

Akz-kvY-X. A√m-lp-hns\ Hm¿°p-

∂-hcpw Ahs‚ kvacW Xs‚

\mhn¬ Dcp-hn-́ p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-hcpw

{]bm-k-ß-sfbpw _p≤nap´pIsfbpw

A√m-lp-hn∂v th≠n kln-°p-∂p.

Ahsb A√m-lp-hns‚ {]oXn-°p≈

am¿K-am-bn-°-cpXn Xß-fpsS a\- ns\

kwXr-]vXn-bn-em-°p-∂p.

temIØv \q‰p-°-W-°n\v Bfl-l-

Xy-Iƒ \ntXy\ \S-°p-∂p. ImcWw

ùXn -I-amb ZpxJ-ßƒ Xmßm≥

Ah¿°v Ign-bp-∂n-√. Nne¿°v ̀ uXn-

I -amb a\x - {] -bm -k-ßƒ henb

BLmXwXs∂ G¬∏n -°p -∂p.

Aßs\ Ah¿°v lrZ -b -kvXw -

`\whsc hcp-∂p. Ign™ Znhkw

]mIn-ÿm-\n¬ \n∂v Btcm F\n°v

IsØ-gp-Xn. AhnsS i‡-amb sImSp-

¶m‰pw Ben-∏gw hogvN-bp-sa√mw \S-

∂p. AXp-Im-cWw Irjn°v òaamb

-\jvSw kw -̀hn-®p. Hcp I¿j-I≥ Xs‚

Irjn-bn-S-Øn¬ t]mbn. XÆn-a-Øs‚

Irjn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Ah-sb√mw ]q¿W-

ambpw \in-®p-I-gn-™n-cp-∂p. CXv

Abmsf hfsc BLm-X-ta¬∏n-°p-

Ibpw AXv I≠-t∏mƒ Xs∂ lm¿´v

A‰m°v h∂v acn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

Cß-s\-bp≈ ùXnI ZpxJ-ßƒ

A√m-lp-hns‚ Bfp-Isf H∂pw

sNøn-√. Ah¿ Hmtcm {]bm-k-ßƒ

hcp-tºm-gpw A√m-lp-hp-ambn IqSp-

X¬ ASp -°p -∂p. hnizmkn

{]bmkßƒ D≠m-Ip-tºmƒ A√m-lp-

hns‚ khn-[-Øn¬ h∂v Ft∏mgpw

a\x-im¥n ssIh-cn-°p-I-bmWv sNøp-

∂-Xv.

B-cmtWm Xs‚ \mYs‚

ÿm\sØ Hm¿Øv `b-s∏-Sp-∂Xv

Ah¿°v c≠v kz¿K-ß-fp-≠v. AXp-

sIm≠v A√m-lp-hn-t\m-Sp≈ Bcm-[\

Ahs\ `b-∂p-sIm≠v sNøp-∂-h¿

a\x-im¥n ssIh-cn-®p-sIm≠v Cu

temIØpw kz¿K-Øns‚ Ah-Im-in-

I-fmbn amdp-∂p. Cu temIsØ

kz¿Kw Hcp hy‡nsb dlvams‚ Zmk-

\m°n am‰n-b-Xp-Im-cWw Ahs\ ASp-

Ø-tem-I-Ønse kz¿K-Øns‚ Ah-

Im-in-bm°n am‰p-∂p.

lZvdØv C_vdmlow (A) Xs‚

`mcy-sbbpw aI-s\bpw Btcmcp

an√mØ acp-̀ q-an-bn¬ A√m-lp-hns‚

I¬]\ \S-∏n¬ hcp-Øm-\mbn Dt]-

£n-®-Xn-\p-ti-jhpw ZpB sNøp-∂Xv

\ns∂ A\p-k-cn-°p-∂-h-\m°n Fs∂

amt‰-Wta F∂m-Wv. k¿hXpw

ssZhØn\mbn \¬In. aIs\bpw

`mcy-tbbpw \¬In. F∂n´pw ]d-bp-

∂Xv ]q¿W-ambpw \ns∂ A\p-k-cn-

°p-∂-h-cn¬ Fs∂ Dƒs∏-Sp-tØ-

Wta F∂v. A√m-lp-hns‚ {]oXn-

°mbn aIs\ acp-`q-an-bn¬ Dt]-£n-

°p-∂p. F∂n´pw ]d-bp-∂Xv F√m

I¬∏-\-Ifpw AwKo-I-cn-°p∂hcpw

A\p-k-cn -°p-∂-hcpw kzmXzn -I-cp-

am°n Rßsf amt‰-Wta F∂m-Wv.

Cu Hcp ÿm\-amWv Hcp

hnizmkn Ic-ÿ-am-t°-≠-Xv. Xs‚

\∑-bn¬ Hcn-°epw Al-¶mcw ]mSn-

√. AXns\ B{i-bn-°m\pw ]mSn-√.

Xs‚ XymK-ßsf s]m°n-∏n-Sn-°-cp-Xv.

A√m-lp-hns‚ apºn¬ Ahs\ `b-

∂p-sIm≠v C{]Imcw At]£n°pI:

A√m-lpth! Rß-fpsS {]hrØn-Iƒ

H∂p-a-√. \ns‚ ^fv¬ D≠m-bm¬

Rßƒ°v \√-hcmIm≥ Ignbpw,

\ns‚ ^fv¬ sIm≠v am{Xta

A_vsZ dlvam-\m-bn-Øo-cp-I-bp-≈q.

AXp-sIm≠v Rß-fpsS hn\o-X-amb

Hc-t]-£-bn-Xm. Rßsf \∑-bn¬ Dd-

∏n -®p -\n¿tØ-W-ta. Ft∏mgpw

\nt∂mSv Iqdv ]pe¿Øp-∂-h-\m-t°-W-

ta. \ns‚ {]oXn-bn¬ Ncn-°p-∂-h-

cm°n amt‰-W-ta. Cu Hcp al-Ømb

e£y-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bmWv a\p-jy≥

krjvSn-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

Rßƒ°v th≠n am{X -a√

Rßƒ ZpB sNøp-∂-Xv, Rß-fpsS

a°ƒ°v th≠nbpw Rßƒ ZpB

Cc-°p-∂p.

-a-°-fn¬ \n∂pw A\p-k-c-W-ap-≈-

hcpw \ns‚ I¬∏-\-Iƒ \S-∏n¬ hcp-

Øp-∂-h-cp -amb Hcp kaq-lsØ

D≠mt°W-ta.

A√m-lp-hns‚ hoSv D≠m-°n-b-Xn-

\p-tijw Xs‚ PohnX Ime-b-f-hn¬

am{X-a√ AXn-s\-°p-dn®v Nn¥n-°p-∂-

Xv. ]d-bp-∂p. CXns\ P\-hm-k-ap-

≈-Xm-°n-sh-°p-∂-Xn\pw Bflo-b-

amb A\p-{K-l-ßƒ Ic-ÿ-am-°p-∂-

Xn\pw \ns∂ ]cn-]q¿W-ambpw ]n≥]-

‰p-∂-Xn-\mbpw Rß-fpsS k¥m-\-ß-

fn¬ \n∂pw Bfp-Isf D≠m-t°-W-

ta. Hcp hnizmknbpsS ZpB CXm-

bn-Øo-tc-≠-Xm-Wv.

CXn¬ \ap-°p≈ ]mTw CXm-Wv.

akvPn-Zn-t\mSv \ap°v Hgn-hp-≈-t∏m-

gp≈ _‘w am{Xw t]mcm. Xnc-°n-

\n-S-bnepw kabw am‰n-sh®v Chn-tS°v

htc-≠-Xm-Wv. AtX-t]mse \ΩpsS

k¥m-\-ßƒ°pw Cu _‘w D≠m-

bn-Øo-cm-\mbn \mw ]cn-{i-an-t°-≠-Xm-

Wv.

\ΩpsS ]n≥X-e-ap-d-bnse bphm-°-

fnepw Ipń-I-fnepw C_m-Z-Øns‚

Bthiw D≠m-bn-Øo-c-Ww. AXn-

\mbn {]b-Xv\n-t°-≠-tXm-sSm∏w Hcp

henb am¿Kw ZpB IqSn-bm-Wv. lrZ-

bm -hÿ Adn -bp∂ A√mlp

tIƒ°p-∂-h-\m -Wv. kZp -t± -iy -

tØmsSbp≈ ZpB-Iƒ Ah≥

tIƒ°p-∂p. AXp-sIm≠v C{]-Imcw

ZpB sNøp-I. C_m-Z-Øn-t\m-Sp≈

Xm¬]cyhpw A√m-lp-hns‚ I¬]-\-

Iƒ \S -∏n¬ hcp -Øm-\p≈

Xm¬]cyhpw Hcp Xe-ap-d°v tijw

ASpØ Xe-apdbnepw hym]n-®p-

sImt≠ t]mI-s´. C_m-Z-Øp-I-fnepw

A√m-lp-hns‚ I¬]-\-Iƒ \S-∏n¬

hcp-Øp-∂-Xnepw Ae-k-cm-sW-¶n¬

]n≥X-e-ap -d -bnepw Cu Ae-kX

{]ISam-bn-cn-°pw.

Npcp-°-Øn¬ Hmtcm akvPn-Zn -

s‚bpw \n¿am-W-tØm-sSm∏w \ΩpsS

I¿a-ßsf hne-bn-cp-Øp-Ibpw ZpB

sNøp-Ibpw sNtø-≠-Xm-Wv. AtXm-

sSm∏w \ΩpsS a°sf X¿_n-øØv

sNøm\pw {ian-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

lZvdØv C_vdmlow (A), lZvdØv

Ckvam -Cu¬ (A) F∂n -h -cpsS

{]m¿Y\ \sΩ \ΩpsS X¿_n-ø-Øn-

te°pw C_m-Z-Øn-te°pw {i≤

Xncn-°p-∂p. AtXm-sSm∏w \ΩpsS

k¥m-\-ß-fn¬ D∂X in£-W-aq-ey-

ßƒ \ne-\n¿Øp-∂-Xn-te°pw {i≤

Xncn-°p-∂p. C_m-Z-Øn-t\msSm∏w


A√m-lp-hn-t\m-Sp≈ k¿h IS-a-Ifpw

\nd-th-‰m≥ \mw {i≤n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

Cu Bcm-[-\°pw IS-a-]m-e-\-Øn\pw

tijhpw Xm≥ Iptdsbms°

sNbvXt√m F∂ Al¥ B¿°pw

]mSn-√.

XpS¿∂v ZpB sNøp-∂p. Rß-

fpsS Xu_ \o kzoI-cn-t°-W-ta.

Rß-fn-te°v \o Xncn-tb-W-ta. Rß-

fn¬ \n∂v A√d Nn√d sX‰p-Ip-‰-ßƒ

h∂p-t]m -bn -´p -s≠-¶n¬ Xs∂

Rßƒ°v am∏m-t°-W-ta. \o \n›-

b-ambpw Xu_ kzoI-cn-°p-∂-h\pw

IcpW sNmcn-bp-∂-h-\p-am-Wv.

XpS¿®-bmbn \mw Cu ZpB

sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-tºmƒ akvPn-

Zns‚ \n¿am-tWm-t±iyw ]q¿Øn-bm-Ip-

∂-Xm-Wv. A√m-lp-hns‚ {]oXn Ic-

ÿ-am-°p-∂-Xn-\m-bp≈ ]cn-{iaw

th≠pw-hn[w sNøm\pw km[n-°p-∂-

Xm-Wv. Xß-fpsS a°-sfbpw Cu

am¿K-Øn¬ hgn-\-S-Øm≥ \ap°v

km[n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. am{X-a√ lZvdØv

C_vdmlnw (A), lZvdØv Ckvam-

Cu¬ (A) F∂n-h-cpsS ZpB-bpsS

kzoIm -cyX aptJ\ A√mlp

temIØv Cd-°nb B D∂XA\p-{K-

l-Øns‚ Ah-Im-in-I-fmbn \mw amdp-

Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xm-Wv. B A\p-{K-l-

ßƒ temIsØ Xs‚ hcp-Xn-bn¬

sIm≠p-h∂v temIØv al-Ømb

hnπhw kwPm-X-am-°n. AXp-Im-cWw

arX-cm-b-h¿ Pohn-®p. Bflo-b-X-bpsS

Dd-h-Iƒ \n¿K-fn -°m≥ XpS-ßn.

apºmcpw I≠nt´m tIńt´m C√mØ

coXn-bn¬ Bcm-[-\-I-fpsS ]pXnb

cq]w {]I-S-am-bn. F{X-am-{X-sa-∂m¬

C_m-Z-Øp-I-fpsS Hu∂Xyw {]m]n®

B alm-\mb {]hm-N-I≥ \ntbm-Kn-

X-\m-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. B alm-flm-

hn¬ Bflm¿∞-X-bp-sSbpw Iqdn-

s‚bpw ]q¿ÆX ssIh-cn-I-bp-≠m-bn.

{kjvSm-hn-t\m-Sp≈ IS-abpw ]cn-

]q¿W-amb coXn-bn¬ Ahn-sS-\n∂v

\nd-th-‰n. Aßs\ A√mlphns‚

]°¬ kzoIm-cy-tbm-Ky-\m-bn. CsX-

√mw-Xs∂ ]cn-]q¿W-X-bn¬ FØn-b-

Xp-Im-cWw A√mlp Xs‚ {]hm-N-

I≥ JmØ-ap¬ Aºnb lZvdØv

apl-ΩZv apkvX^ (k) Xncp-ta-\n-tbmSv

Cßs\ {]Jym-]n-°m≥ ]d-™p.

\o {]Jym-]n-°p-I. Fs‚ \a-

kvIm-chpw Fs‚ XymK-ß-fpw, Fs‚

Pohn-Xhpw ac-Whpw F√mw A√m-lp-

hn-\p-≈-Xm-Wv. Ah≥ k¿h-tem-I-]-

cn-]m-e-I-\m-Wv.

Cu alm-\mb {]hm-N-I-\mWv

Jnbm-aØv \mƒhtc-°p-amb k¿h-Im-

e-tØ°pw k¿h kaq-l-Øn-te°pw

h∂ {]hm-N-I≥. AXp-sIm≠v Cu

A\p-{Klw C∂pw XpS¿∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-

°p-I-bm-Wv. Cu DØa amXrI apºv

{]Im-in-®-Xp-t]mse C∂pw {]Im-in-

®p -sIm-≠n -cn -°p -∂p. Xncp -\_n

(k)bn¬ Cd-ßnb al-Ømb A[ym-

]\w C∂pw hfsc {]`m-h-tØmsS

{]tim`nXam-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.

Cu alm-\mb {]hm-N-I\v

A√mlp XBe C°m-eØv bYm¿Y

injys\ \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂p. At±-

lsØ BJ-co-ß-fn¬ \ntbm-Kn-®p-

sIm≠v Xncp -\_n (k) bpsS

{]h¿Ø-\-ß-fmb A√m-lp-hns‚

Bb-Øp-Isf HmXn tIƒ∏n-°¬,

hnip-≤o-I-cn-°¬, {KŸhpw AXns‚

XØz-⁄m-\-ßfpw ]Tn-∏n-°¬ F∂o

{]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ ho≠pw XpS-¿∂p-

sIm≠ncn°p∂p. Cu bYm¿Y

injys\ AwKo-I-cn-®-h¿ Xß-fpsS

C_m-Z -Øp -I -sfbpw Xß-fpsS

{]h¿Ø-\-ß-sfbpw Xncp-\_n (k)

bpsS amXr-I-b-\p-k-cn®v ]n≥Xp-S-cm≥

{ian-®p-sIm-≠n-cn -°p-∂p. Ah¿

Ckvem-anI A[ym-]-\-ßsf Xß-fn¬

\S-∏n¬ hcp-Øm≥ {ian°p∂p.

CXp-I≠v Alva-Zn-ø-Øns‚ FXn-

cm-fn-Iƒ t]mepw C{]-Imcw ]d-bm≥

\n¿_-‘n-X-cm-bn. Ckvem-ans‚ Pohn-

®n-cn-∏p≈ amXrI Z¿in-t°-W-sa-¶n¬

Chsc t\m°p-I.

\ΩpsS apXn¿∂-h¿ ÿm]n®

DØa ÿm\-am-Wn-Xv. Ah¿ CXp-ap-

tJ\ FXn-cm-fn-I-fpsS hmb AS-∏n-

°pI am{X-a-√ sNbvX-Xv. adn®v

Ckvem-ans‚ PohnX amXrI Alva-

Znøm Pam-A-Øns‚ AwK-ß-fn¬

ImWpI F∂v G‰p-]-d-bn-∏n-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp. C∂pw \ΩpsS apºn-ep≈

henb e£yw CXm-Wv. CXv apºn¬

sh®p-sIm≠v temI-Øns‚ \mhn\v

\mw XS-bn-S-Ww. k¬{]-hrØn-I-fn-

eqsS temI-Øn\v Ckvem -ans‚

at\mlcß-fmb A[ym-]-\-ß-fn -

te°v BIr-jvT-cm-°Ww. \ΩpsS

C_m-Z-Øp-Ifpw \a-kv°m-c-ßfpw

aptJ\ \ΩpsS kpPq-Zns‚ CSw

IÆo¿ XS-am-°n-am-‰n A√m-lp-hns‚

^fvep-Isf BI¿jn-∏n-°-Ww. Xß-

tfm-sSm∏w k¥m-\-ß-sfbpw CXns‚

IS-a-Iƒ \nd-th-‰p-∂-h-cm-°n-am-‰n

akvPn -Zp -ambn _‘-s∏-Sp -Ø-Ww.

Aßs\ A√m-lp-hns‚ {]nb-\mb

lZvdØv apl-ΩZv apkvX^ (k) sb

]q¿Æ-amb coXn -bn¬ ]n≥]-‰n -

s°m≠v A√m-lp-hns‚ {]oXnsb Ic-

ÿ-am°n \ΩpsS Zp≥bmhpw BJn-

dØpw t\Sp -∂-h -cm -bn \mw am -

dp∂XmWv.

AXp-sIm≠v Cu akvPn -Zns‚

\n¿amWtØmsSm∏w _e-lo-\-cm-b-

h¿ Xß-fpsS am¿Kw ¢n]vX-s∏-Sp-Øp-

I. AXv \ΩpsS {]Xn-⁄-Isf ]men-

°p∂ am¿K-am-Wv. Xncp-\_n (k)

tbmSp≈ kvt\lsØ kXy-s∏-Sp-

Øp∂ am¿K-am-Wv. A√m-lp-hns‚

{]oXnsb BI¿jn-°p∂ am¿K-am-Wv.

CtX-t]mse akvPn-Zp-I-fn¬ hcp-∂-

hcpw AXn-te°v {i≤n-°p-∂-hcpw

Cu Imcy-ßfpsS D∂X ÿm\-ßƒ

Ic-ÿ-am-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn Xß-fpsS

C_m-Z-Øp-I-fp-sSbpw A√mlphnt\m-

Sp≈ IS-a-Iƒ \nd-th-‰p-∂-Xn-s‚bpw

D∂X ]Z-hn-Iƒ Ic-ÿ-am-°p-I.

Cu akvPnZv Chn-sS-bp≈ Pam-A-

Øn¬ hnπ-hw D≠m-°p-∂-Xm-bn-Øo-

tc-≠-Xm-Wv. ]pcp-j-∑m¿°p≈ Cu

henb lmfn¬ 760 Bfp-Iƒ°v \a-

kv°-cn-°m≥ km[n-°pw. CXns\

F√m \a-kv°m-c-Ønepw \nd-°m-\mbn

{ian -°p -I. CtX-t]mse 560

kv{XoIƒ°v \a-kv°-cn -°m-\p≈

ÿew D≠v. a‰p lmfp-I-fn¬ 630 Dw

Bfp-Iƒ°v \n¬°m≥ km[n-°pw.

samØw Cu akvPn-Zn¬ GI-tZiw

2000 Bfp-Iƒ°v \a-kv°-cn-°m≥

km[n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.

ChnsS \a -kv°-cn -°m≥

km[n°pw F∂-Xns\ \a-kv°-cn-°p-

∂p≠v F∂m°n \nßƒ am‰-Ww.

At∏mƒ am{X -ta akvPn -Z ns‚

\n¿amW e£yhpw Bcm-[-\-tbm-

Sp≈ IS-abpw \ap°v \nd-th-‰m≥

km[n -°p -I -bp -≈q. A√mlp

\nßƒ°v CXn-\p≈ XuôJv \¬Ip-

am-dm-I-s´.

A√m-lp-hns‚ A\p-{K-l-Øm¬

bp.-sI. Pam-AØv Dƒs∏sS bqtdm-

∏n¬ H∂-S-¶hpw akvPnZv \n¿Ωm-W-

Øn¬ henb {i≤ Xncn-™n-´p-≠v.

F∂m¬ Cu akvPn-Zns‚ kuμcyw

\a-kv°m-c-°m¿ aptJ-\-bmWv {]I-S-

am -Ip -∂-X v . 2003 ¬ akvPnZ v

ss_Øp¬ ^pØqlv DZvLm-S\w

sNø-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠m-bn. AXn-\p-ap-ºp-

hsc akvPn-Zm-bn-´p-≈Xv ss_Øp¬

^fv¬ am{X-am-bn-cp-∂p. AXn-\p-tijw

14 ]pXnb ]≈n-Iƒ \n¿an -°m≥

A√mlp Pam -A-Øn\v XuôJv

2012 sabvkXyZqX≥11

\¬In. Ch-sb√mw icn°pw akvPn-

Zp-I-fm-Wv. Ign™ As©´p h¿jw

apºv hsc bqtdm∏n¬ 13 akvPn-Zp-I-

fmWv D≠m-bn -cp -∂-Xv . Ct∏mƒ

samØw 57 akvPn-Zp-I-fm-bn-´p-≠v. 44

]≈n-IfpsS h¿≤-\-hmWv bqtdm-∏n¬

D≠m-bn-´p-≈-Xv. AXn¬ P¿a-\n-bn-

emWv G‰hpw IqSp-X-ep-≈-Xv. F∂m¬

AXn-s‚-sb√mw kuμcyw AXns‚

\n¿am -W-hp -ambn _‘-s∏-´ -X -√.

AXn¬ hcp∂ \a-kv°m-c-°m¿

aptJ-\-bm-Wv.

AXp-sIm≠v bqtdm-∏y≥ \mń-

ep≈ Alva-Zn-I-tfmSv C∂v Rm≥ ]d-

bm≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂Xv \Ωƒ A`n-am-

\w-sIm-t≈-≠Xv akvPnZv \n¿an®p

F∂Xne-√. CXn-s\-°p-dn®v Xncp-\_n

(k) t\csØ {]h-Nn-®n-´p-≈-Xm-Wv.

Hcp-Imew hcpw. A∂v akvPn-Zp-Iƒ

\n¿an-°p∂ Imcy-Øn¬ P\-ß¬

A`n-am\w sIm≈pw. F∂m¬ Cu

A`n-am\w sIm≈p∂ tPmen Xncp-

\_n (k) bpsS {]nb-t{]-an-bp-ambn

Xßsf _‘-s∏SpØp∂-h-cpsS

{]h¿Øn-b-√. a‰p-≈-h¿ A`n-am-\n-®p-

sIm-≈-s´. \mw A`n-am\w sIm≈p-

∂Xv \ΩpsS ]≈n-I-fpsS lmP¿ \ne

hfsc h¿≤n®v B akvPn-Zp-Iƒ \ap-

°mbn sNdp -Xm -Ip -tºm -gm -Wv .

A√mlp \ap°v CXn-\p≈ XuôJv

\¬Ipam-dm-I-s´.

Rm≥ Ct∏mƒ lZvdØv akolv

auDuZv (A) apambn t\cn´v _‘-s∏-

-́h-cn-ep≠m-bn-cp∂ Bcm-[-\-tbm-Sp≈

Xm¬]cy-Øn-s‚bpw Ah-cpsS \ne-

hm-c-Øn-s‚bpw Nne kw`-h-ßƒ

tIƒ∏n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.

\a-kv°m-c-Øn¬ apgp-Ip-∂-Xp-

ambn _‘-s∏´ kw`hw {i≤n-°p-I.

A_vZp¬ K^v^m¿ kmln_v

Ukv°nhn-bpsS aI≥ lZvdØv Pm≥

apl-ΩZv kmln_v (d) hnh-cn-°p∂p.

lZvdØv akolv auDuZv (A) s‚

ImeØv aKvcn_v \a-kv°mcw akvPnZv

ap_m-d-°ns‚ sSd-kn¬ \n¿hln-°p-

I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. At∏mƒ akvPnZv ap_m-

d-°ns‚ anAv-dm-_ns‚ ]Sn-™m-dp-h-

iØv \nkm-ap -±o≥ kmln-_ns‚

hoSns‚ ap‰Øv Fs´m-ºXv Bfp-Iƒ

lp° hen-°p-hm-\p≈ kZ v kwL-

Sn -∏n -®n -cn -°p -Ibp≠mbn. Ch¿

lZvdØv akolv auDuZv (A) _‘p-

°-fm-sW-¶nepw ITn\ FXn-cm-fn-I-fm-

bn-cp-∂p. aX-tØmSv shdp-∏m-bn-cp-∂p.

A√m-lp-hn-s\-t]mepw \ntj-[n-°p-∂-

h-cm-Wv. Ah-cpsS B kZ- n¬

aZyhpw D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Aßs\

Rßƒ \a-kv°-cn -°m≥ XpS-ßn-

A√mlp AIv_¿ F∂v sNm√n-b-

t∏mƒ Xs∂ Ah¿ Ahn-sS-\n∂v

sN≠ sIm´m≥ XpS-ßn. Kmb-I¿

]m´p-]m-Sm\pw XpS-ßn. \a-kv°m-c-

°msc iey-s∏-Sp -Øm-\mWv CXv

sNbvX-Xv. F∂m¬ Rßƒ \a-kv°m-

c-Øn¬ ]q¿W-ambpw ebn-®n-cp-∂p.

AhnsS F¥mWv \S-°p-∂Xv F∂

Imcy-Øn-te°v {i≤tb t]mbn-cp-

∂n√ Ah¿ hmZy -ta -f -ßƒ

\SØnsb¶nepw RßfpsS {i≤Xncn-

°m≥ Ah¿°v km[n-®n-√.

lZvdØv l°nw Aen kmln-_v

(-d)- ss_-A-Øn\v tij-ap≈ am‰-

ßsf hnh-cn®v sIm≠v ]d-bp-∂p.

CXn\v tijw kvt\l-Øn¬ hf-sc-

tbsd h¿≤-\-hp -≠m-bn. F√m

amkhpw Rm≥ lpkq-dns‚ ka£w

lmPdm-Ip-am-bn-cp∂p. Fs‚ hońs‚

ASpØv Hcp sIm®p ]≈n \n¿Ωn-®p.

Xl-÷pZv \a-kv°m-c-Øn\v B akvPn-

Zn¬ t]mIp-∂-Xm-Wv. Cim-Av \a-

kv°-cn®mWv akvPn-Zn¬ \n∂v Xncn-®p-

h-cp∂Xv. 20,22 aWn-°q¿ Rm≥ ]≈n-

bn¬ Ign-®p-Iq-´p-am-bn-cp-∂p. t\msº-

Sp-°pw. Hcp-t\cw `£Ww Ign-°pw.

F∂mepw hnit∏m Zmltam H∂pw

C√m-bn-cp-∂p. hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥

]mcm-b-W-Ønepw \a-kv°m-c-Ønepw

ZpB-bnepw Rm≥ Cu ka-b-ßƒ Ign-

®p-Iq-ń-. hfsc kt¥m-j-hm-\m-bn-

cp∂p Rm≥. GsX-¶nepw Hcp Imcy-

sØ-°p-dn®v Rm≥ ZpB sNøp-Ibpw

AXn-te°v {i≤ tI{μo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXm¬ DSs\ AXn-\p≈ adp-]Sn

e`n-°p∂ Ahÿhsc FØn. CXp-

Im-cWw A√m-lp-hn-t\mSpw Xncp-\_n

(k) tbmSpw hnip≤ Jp¿-B-t\m-Sp-

ap≈ kvt\lw F\n°v hf-sc-b-[nIw

h¿≤n-®p. lZvdØv akolv auDuZv

(A) an¬ F\n°v B¿°pw Cf-°m≥

Ign-bmØ kpZrV-amb hnizmkw

ssIh-∂p.

l°ow ̂ fvepdvd“m≥ kmln_v

Xs‚ ]nXmhv \_n _Iviv kmln-_n-

s\-°p-dn®v ]d-bp-∂p. At±-l-Øn¬

lZvdØv akolv auDuZv (A) t\mSv

Hcp {]tXyI kvt\lw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

Bsc-¶nepw lZvdØv akolv auDuZv

(A) s‚ kw -̀h-ß-sf-°p-dn®v ]d-bm≥

At]-£n-®m¬ ]d-bm-dp-≈Xv Fs‚

Hm¿Ω-i‡n A{X \∂-√. lpkq-dn-

s\-°p-dn®v ]d-bp∂ h√ Imcyhpw

sX‰n-t∏m-Iptam F∂v Rm≥ `b-s∏-

Sp-∂p.

At±lw hnt√Pv cPn-kv{Sm¿

Bbn-cp-∂p. ]cn-tim-[\ \mfp-I-fn¬

Znhkw apgp-h\pw AXn¬ hn\n-tbm-

Kn-t°≠n h∂n-cp-∂p. AXypjvW

ImeØv t]mepw ]cn -tim-[-\°v

t]mtI-≠-Xm-bn-h-∂n-cp-∂p. CXp-Im-

cWw F¥p-am{Xw £oWw D≠mIpw

F∂v Duln -°m -hp -∂-sX-bp -≈q.

F∂m¬ Xl-÷p-Zn-\p-th≠n cm{Xn

\n¿_-‘-ambpw Fgp -t∂¬°p-w.

Rß-sfbpw \n¿_-‘n-°pw. da-Zm-

\n¬ Ipń-I-sfbpw \n¿_-‘n-°pw. da-

fm-\n¬ AXyp-jvW-Im-eØpw t\mºv

IrXy-ambn A\p-jvTn-®n-cp-∂p. XWp∏v

Ime-Øv Xl-÷pZv \a-kv°m-c-Øn¬

Jp¿-B≥ Dds° HmXp-Ibpw Ipń-

Isf IqsS Dƒs∏-Sp -Øp -Ibpw

sNbvXn-cp-∂p. A√m-lp-hns‚ A\p-

{K -l-Øm¬ At±lw Jp¿-Bs‚

lm^n-km-Wv.

Zo\n¬ \n∂pw AI-ep∂ Cu \mSp-

I-fn¬ \ΩpsS Ipń-Ifnepw AXv

kzm[o-\n-°p-∂p. AXp-sIm≠v Cu

\mSp-Iƒ C°m-cy-Øn¬ hf-sc-Iq-Sp-

X¬ {i≤n-t°≠nbncn-°p-∂p. Zo\n¬

kzbw \ne-\n¬°p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w

\ΩpsS ]Z-hnbpw Db¿tØ-≠-Xm-Wv.

CXp-Iq-SmsX Ipń-Isf t\m°p-Ibpw

Ah¿°v X¿∫nøØv \¬Ip-Ibpw

sNtø-≠-Xm-Wv.

A¿≤ cm{Xn-hsc apXn¿∂-h¿ Sn.-

hn. I≠p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂m¬, Cs‚¿s\-

‰n-\p-ap-ºn¬ IpØn-bn-cp-∂m¬, Ipń-

Iƒ°v F¥v X¿_n-b-ØmWv \ap°v

\evIm≥ Ign-bp-I. CXp kw_‘amb

]e ]cmXnIfpw hcp-∂p-≠v.

AXp-sIm≠v Cu \mSp-I-fn¬

Xma-kn-°p∂ Alva-Zn-Iƒ°v {]tXy-

I-ambpw temI-Øp≈ Alva-Zn-Iƒ°v

s]mXp-hm-bp≈ Hcp sh√p-hn-fn-bm-Wn-

Xv. ImcWw ssiXzm≥ C°m-eØv

Xs‚ Ip’n-X-{i-a-ß-fn¬ hf-sc-b-

[nIw ap∂n-ń-d-ßn-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.

AXns\ \ap°v t\cn-tS-≠n-bn-cn-°p-

∂p. CXv A√m-lp-hns‚ klm-b-an-

√msX km[y-a -√. A√m-lp-hns‚

klmbw Bcm-[-\-bn-eq-sSbmWv Ic-

ÿ-am-°p-I.

ssiJv \qdp -±o≥ kmln_v

ss_A-Øn\v tij-ap≈ Ahÿ

hnh-cn-®p-sIm≠v ]d-bp-∂p.

Ipd-®p-Im-e-Øn\v tijw Rm≥

Aar-’-dn¬ h∂p. AhnsS tPmen-

tijw t]Pv 40 ¬


lZvdØv aplΩZv apkvX^m (k)

Xncpta\nbpsS {]hN\a\pkcn®v

At±lØns‚ hntbmKm\¥cw

ÿm]nXamb Jnem^Øv Aem

an≥lmPn≥ \p_pΔØns‚ kph¿W

ImeL´w ap∏Xv h¿jw \ne\n¬°p

Ibp≠mbn.

lZvdØv \_nIcow (k) C{]

Imcw Acpƒ sNøp∂p: F\n°v

tijw ÿm]nXamIp∂ \p_qΔØv

ap∏Xv h¿jw \ne\n¬°p∂XmWv.

AXn\v tijw cmPXzØns‚

Imeambncn°pw. (apkv\Zv AlvaZv˛

hmfyw.5. t]Pv 220 )

{]kvXpX {]hN\a\pkcn®v

dkq¬ Xncpta\n(k)°v tijw

ÿm]nXamb \p_pΔØns‚ hgnbn

ep≈ Jnem^Øp¿dminZ°v tijw

CkvemanI Jnem^Øn\p hyXn

bm\w h∂p. A≤ymXvanI {]`mhnX

cmb Jpe^mD¿dminZ°v tijw

DaΔnø, A∫mknb, Dkvam\nøm

apXemb cmP]cºc XpS¿∂v ÿm]n

°s∏SpIbp≠mbn. F∂m¬ B[p\n

IImeL´Øn¬ H∂mw temI

almbp≤Øn\v tijw {In. h. 1924¬

Xp¿°n `cWm[nImcn AØmXp¿°v

Iam¬ ]mj `cWLS\m]cambn

Jnem^Øv d±m°nbtXmsS \maam

{Xamb Cu Jnem^Øpw \in°pI

bmWp≠mbXv. dkq¬ Xncpta\n(k)

bpsS {]hN\a\pkcn®v At∏mtg

°pw \p_qΔØv sIm≠\pKrlo

X\mb hmKvZØ akolns‚ BKa\

ap≠mIpIbpw Jnem^Øv Aem

an≥lmPn≥ \p_qΔ: ÿm]nXamhp

Ibpap≠mbn. AXmbXv At±lØn

s‚ hntbmKm\¥cw ÿm]nXamb

AlvaZnøm Jnem^ØneqsS Cu

{]hN\w ]q¿Ønbmbn. dkq¬

Xncpta\n (k) Acpƒ sNøp∂p.

amIm\Øv \p_pΔØp≥ JØp

C√m X_nAØplm Jnem^Øp≥

Hmtcm \q_pΔØns\bpw A\pK

an®p sIm≠v Jnem^Øp≠mIp∂p.

(I≥kp¬ DΩm¬ lZokv \º¿ 3224)

AlvaZnøm Jnem^Øv Aeman≥lmPn\p_pΔØv ÿm]nXamIp

∂Xn\v apºv lZvdØv hmKvZØ

akolv(A) Xm≥ DΩØn \_nbm

sW∂v hmZn°pIbp≠mbn. At±lw

]d™p:

\n\°v A√mlphns‚ ]cnip≤

hpw ]hn{Xhpw Znhyhpamb shfn

]mSp aptJ\ Rm≥ Ahs‚ ̀ mKØp

\n∂pw hmKvZØ akolpw B¥cn

Ihpw _mlyhpamb `n∂XIƒ

°p≈ hn[nI¿Ømhpambn \nbpIvX

\mbncn°p∂psh∂v Adnbn°

s∏ńcn°p∂p. (A¿_bo≥˛ t].3)

ho≠pw FgpXp∂p: F\n°v

\_nsb∂ ]Zhn \¬Is∏ńcn

°p∂p. F∂m¬ Hcp hiØv Rm≥

\_nbmsW¶n¬ adphiØv DΩØn

\_nbpamIp∂p. (lJo°Øp¬

hlvbv)

hmKvZØ akolv XpScp∂p:

\ΩpsS hmZw \_nsb∂pw dkq¬

\p_pΔØns‚ am¿KØnep≈ Jnem^Øv:

Znhym\p{KlØns‚ ssZhnI ÿm]\w

F∂pap≈XmWv . hmkvXhØn¬

CXv Hcp hmNyamb X¿°

hnjbamWv. A√mlp BtcmSmWv

A[nIambn Znhy`mjWw \SØp

Ibpw AXn¬ A[nIambn {]hN\

ßƒ D≠mhpIbpw sNøp∂Xv B

Bƒ \_nsb∂p ]dbs∏Sp∂p. Cu

\n¿hN\w \Ωn¬ km[qIcn

°s∏Sp∂p. \mw \_nbmsW¶nepw

AXv hnip≤ Jp¿Bs\ Zp¿_es∏Sp

Øns°m≠p≈ \ymb {]amW

tØmSpIqSnb \p_pΔØ√.(_Z¿

hmcnI 5˛2˛1908) Cu hmZKXnb\p

kcn®v lZvdØv alvZo akolv (A)

lZvdØv dkq¬ Xncpta\n(k)bpsS

{]XnNvOmbbn¬ DΩØn \_nbmWv.

aplΩZv Da¿ F®v. F

(\mkn¿ AAvem JmZnbm≥)


\p_qΔØns‚ am¿KØnep

≈ Jnem^Øv \p_qΔØn

s\ XpS¿∂v hcp∂ ZnXzobi

‡n {]`mhamWv. Cu Znhyk

XyØns‚ km£mXv°mc

amWv AlvaZnøm PamAØv.

teJ\w


Htcm \p_pΔØn\v tijhpw

Jnem^Øp≠mIpsa∂ dkq¬

Xncpta\n(k)bpsS {]hN\a\pkcn®v

hmKvZØ alvZn akolns‚ hntbmK

Øn\v tijw A√mlphn\m¬

ÿm]nXambXmWv AlvaZnøm

apkvenw PamAØv.

lZvdØv hmKvZØ akoln\v

tijap≠mIp∂ Jnem^Øv F∂

ZznXob i‡n {]`mhsØ°pdn®v

C{]Imcw Acpƒ sNøp∂p:

Ah≥ c≠p hn[Ønep≈ iIvXn

{]`mhßƒ shfns∏SpØp∂p.

H∂maXmbn \_namcpsS ssIIfn

eqsS Xs‚ Znhy iIvXnbpsS lkvXw

{]ISamIp∂p. c≠maXmbn \_n

bpsS hntbmKØn\v tijw ]e

{]bmkßfpw t\cntS≠nhcnIbpw

i{Xp°ƒ i‡nbm¿Pn°pIbpw

Ct∏mƒ Cu {]h¿Ø\ßƒ°v

`wKw t\cnSpsa∂v IcpXs∏SpIbpw,

Cu PamAØv \miaSbp∂ XmsW

∂v i{Xp°ƒ {]Ncn∏n°pIbpw

PamAØnep≈h¿ Xs∂ A¶em∏n

embnØocpIbpw AhcpsS ÿnc

NnØX°v £Xw kw`hn°psa∂v

IcpXs∏SpIbpw ]e `mKytZmjn

Ifpw aX]cnXymKØns‚ hgnIƒ

kzoIcn°pIbpw sNøp∂ kμ¿`

Øn¬ A√mlp c≠mw XhWbmbn

Xs‚ iIvXamb Znhy i‡n

shfns∏SpØpIbpw sNøp∂p.

B]Xn®p sIm≠ncn°p∂ PamA

Øns\ ]nSn®p \n¿ØpIbpw

sNøp∂p.

Npcp°Øn¬ BcmWv Ah

km\w hsc £assIsIm≈p∂Xv

Ah¿ A√mlphns‚ Cu c≠v

A Z v ` p X { ] X n ` m k ß f p w

Z¿in°p∂XmWv. lZvdØv A_q

_°dn(d) s‚ ImeØv kw`hn®Xv

t]mse lZvdØv dkq¬ Xncpta\n

(k)bpsS th¿]mS v A\hkc

Ønep≈ th¿]mSmsW∂v IcpXs∏

SpIbpw [mcmfw {KmahmknIfmb

_ZhnIƒ ap¿ØZpIfmhpIbpw

klm_m°ƒ hyk\m{Im¥cmbn

D∑mZnIsf t]mse BbnØocp

Ibpw sNbvXt∏mƒ A√mlp XBe

lZvdØv A_q_°dns\ Fgpt∂¬

∏n®v c≠maXpw Xs‚ i‡n

{]`mhØns‚ amXrI ImWn®p.

(A¬ hknøØv.t]. 6,7)

hmKvZØ akolv XpScp∂p:

AXvsIm≠v A√tbm {]nbap≈htc,

FXncmfnIfpsS \nc¿YIßfmb

c≠v A]hmZßsf XI¿°p∂

Xn\mbn A√mlphns‚ k\mX\

\S]Sn{Iaa\pkcn®v c≠v

hn[Ønep≈ Znhyi‡n {]`mhßƒ

{]ISamhp∂p. AXpsIm≠v A√mlp

hns‚ Cu k\mX\ \S]Sn{IasØ

Dt]£n®v Ifbp∂Xv kw`hya√.

AXpsIm≠v Cu c≠v Imcyßƒ

sIm≠v \nßƒ IpWvTnXcpw

a\t¢iap≈hcpw BbnØoccpXv.

ImcWw \nßƒ c≠masØ

Znhyi‡n {]`mhw Z¿int°≠Xpw

AXymhiyamIp∂p. AXv izmiz

Xhpw AXns‚ irwJe A¥y\mƒ

hsc apdn™p t]mImØXpamIp∂p.

Rm≥ t]mImXncp∂m¬ B ZznXob

i‡n hcp∂X√. F∂m¬ Rm≥

t]mbm¬ A√mlp \nßƒ°v th≠n

B ZnXzob Znhyi‡n shfns∏SpØp

∂XmWv. AXv Fs∂∂pw \nßtfm

sSm∏w D≠mbncn°pw. (A¬

hknøØv. t]Pv 9)

hmKvZØ akolns‚ {]kvXpX

{]kvXmh\bn¬ Xmsg hnhcn°p∂

Imcyßƒ ASßnbncn°p∂p.

1. {]Ya Znhy iIvXn {]`mhw

F∂Xv sIm≠v \p_qΔØpw ZznXob

i‡n {]`mhw F∂Xv sIm≠v

Jnem^Øpw BWv Dt±iyw. AXmWv

km£ysat∂mWw lZvdØv

A_q_°¿ (d)s\ FSpØp≤cn°p

∂Xv.

2 . hmKvZØ akolv X\n°v

tijap≠mIp∂ Jnem^Øns\

ZznXob Znhyi‡n {]IS\ambn

Nn{XoIcn°p∂p.

3. Cu ZznXob i‡n {]`mhw Xm≥

t ] m b X n \ p t i j a m b n c n ° p w

(Xs‚ hntbmKØn\vtijw) kw`hn

°pI.

4. {]hmNI∑m¿°v tijw Xs‚

PamAØn\v ITn\amb ]co£W

ßsft\c n t S≠ nhc p∂XmW v .

F∂m¬ BhcpsS JeoâmcpsS

km∂n≤yw aqtJ\ `bmi¶Iƒ

kam[m\ambn Iemin°p∂p. Cu

{]Xn`mkw AlvaZnøm PamAØnepw

Bh¿Øn°s∏Sp∂XmWv. {]kvXpX

ssZhoI kp∂Ø\pkcn®v hmKvZØ

akolns‚ hntbmKØn\v tijw

PamAØn\v AXnITn\amb ]co£

Wßsft\cntS≠n h∂psh¶nepw

Jnem^Øns‚ ÿm]\w aptJ\ B

`bm\Iamb Ahÿ kam[m\

Ønte°v hgnamdpIbp≠mbn.

5. AXv imizXhpw AXns‚

irwJe A¥y\mƒ hsc apdn™p

t]mImØXpamWv F∂ hN\w

{]kvXpX ZznXob i‡n AYhm

Jnem^Øv A¥y\mƒ hsc \ne

\n¬°p∂XmsW∂v a\ nem°p

∂p.

lZvdØv hmKvZØ akolns‚

{]kvXpX {]hN\a\pkcn®v 1908 sabv

27˛mw XobXn At±lØns‚ {]Ya

injy\pw BZyambn ss_AØv

sNbvX am\ytZlhpw k¿thm]cn

ssZh`‡\pw ]finX\pamb

auem\ l°nw \qdp±o(d)s‚ Xr°c

ßfn¬ PamAØv H∂S¶w ss_

AØv sNbvXp. Bdp h¿jsØ

hnPbIcamb Jnem^Øn\v tijw

At±lw 1914 am¿®v 13˛mw XobXn

ZnhwKX\mIpIbpw ]ns∂ At±l

sØ XpS¿∂v an¿km _iodp±o≥

alvaqZv AlvaZv kmln_v c≠mw

Jeo^Øp¬ akolmbn Xncs™Sp

°s∏SpIbpw sNbvXp. 52 h¿jsØ

A\pKrloXhpw kw`h _lpe

hpamb Jnem^Øn\v tijw At±lw

1965 \hw_¿ 7˛mw XobXn

h^mØmbn . ]nt‰∂v PamAØv

kpkwLSnXambn lZvdØv an¿km

\mkn¿ AlvaZ v kmln_ns‚

ssIbn¬ ss_AØv sNbvXp.17

h¿jsØ hnPb{]Zamb Jnem^

Øn\v tijw 1982 Pq¨ 9˛mw XobXn

At±lw ZnhwKX\mIpIbpw ASpØ

Znhkw Xs∂ lZvdØv an¿km

Xzmln¿ AlvaZv kmln_v Jeo^

Øp¬ akolv Bbn ÿm\tas‰Sp

°pIbpw sNbvXp. 22 h¿jsØ

hnπhmXvaIamb Jnem^Øn\v

tijw 2003 G{]n¬ 19˛mw XobXn

At±lw h^mØmIpIbpw AXn\v

tijw˛22˛mw XobXn lZvdØv an¿km

akvdq¿ AlvaZ v kmln_ns‚

Xr°cßfn¬ apgph≥ PamAØpw

ss_AØv sNøpIbpw sNbvXp.

Aßs\ temIØp≈ 200 cmPy

ßfnep≈ tImSn°W°n\v Alva

ZnIƒ Jnem^Øns‚ ioXfOm

bbn¬ ho≠pw kpkwLSnXcpw

kpc£nXcpambnXo¿∂p.

C∂v apkvenwIfn¬ ImWs∏Sp∂

Ac£nXmhÿ°pw A[x]X\Øn

\pw òIcm¥co£Øn\pw bp≤òXn

°pap≈ ImcWw Jnem^Øns‚

A`mhamsW∂pw AXns\ ]p\ÿm


]nt°≠Xv apk¬am∑mcpsS Bhiy

amsW∂pw aX/cmjv{Sob ]finX

∑mcpw Dss®kvXcw DZ vtLmjn

°p∂p. DZmlcWambn auem\m

A_p¬ lk≥ \Zvhn ]dbp∂p.

C∂v apkvenw temIØn\v G‰hpwAXymhiyambn Xo¿∂ncn°p∂Jnem^sØ∂ ÿm]\hpw A\pKrloX kwhn[m\hpw \jvSs∏ńcn°pIbmWv. AXns‚ ÿm]\Øn\mbn apkvenwIƒ Atßb‰w{i≤m]q¿hw {ian®ncp∂p. AXns‚A`mhhpw \jvShpw C∂v Ah¿hnhn[ cq]ßfn¬ A\p`hn®psIm≠ncn°bmWv. (XAvaosdlbmØv)

Jnem^Øns‚ A`mhw \nanØw

C∂v apkvenw kapZmbØn\v

D ≠ m b n s ° m ≠ n c n ° p ∂

]cnlcn°m\mhmØ {]iv\ßfpw

cmjv{Sobhpw kmwkvImcnIhpam

bp≈ A[:]X\ßfpw ZpcnX

]q¿Wamb kw`h hnImkßfpw

apkvenwIfpsS IÆpIƒ Xpd∏n°m≥

]cym]vXambhbmWv. hnip≤

Jp¿B≥ Acpƒ sNbvXXv t]mse

Ah¿°v lrZbap≠v. (]t£

Ah¿ {Kln°p∂n√. Ah¿°v

IÆpIfp≠v (]t£) Ah¿ AXv

sIm≠v ImWp∂n√. Ah¿°v

ImXpIfp≠v. ]t£ Ah¿

AXvsIm≠v tIƒ°p∂n√. (7:180)

Ct∏mƒ temIØv 200 cmjv{S

ßfn¬ AlvaZnøm PamAØv

ÿm]nXambn´p≠v. 70 `mjIfn¬

hnip≤Jp¿B≥ ]cn`mjs∏Sp

ØpIbp≠mbn. Cu h¿jw (2012 ¬)

115 ]pXnb ]≈nIƒ \n¿an°s∏´p.

Ch IqSmsX 179 akvPnZpIƒ

\akvIcn°p∂htcmsSm∏w A√mlp

Cu PamAØn\v \¬IpIbp≠mbn.

Cu h¿jw temIsØßpw 87

{]NmcW tI{μßƒ DZvLmS\w

sNøs∏´p. Ch IqSmsX e≠≥

Bÿm\ambn ssN\okv Ukv°v,

_wKvfm Ukv°v, djy≥ UkvIv,

{^©v Ukv°v, S¿°njv Ukv°v,

Gjy≥ Ukv°v, Ad_n°v Ukv°v

F∂o hIp∏pIƒ aptJ\ temI

sØßpw {]NmcW in£W {]h¿

Ø\ßƒ \S∂p hcp∂p. MTAC‚¿\mjW¬, lypam\n‰n ^kv‰v,

AlvaZnøm C‚¿\mj\¬

B¿°nsSIv‰v B‚ v F©n\nbdnßv

F∂o hIp∏pIƒ BtKmfmSn

ÿm\Øn¬ {]h¿Ø\\ncXamWv.

XßfpsS PohnXw hJ^v sNbvX

hmJn^ns\ \u 87 cmPyßfn¬ 41,

220 Bbn h¿≤n®ncn °p∂p. (A¬

^k¬ 24.9 . 2010) Aßs\

BtKmfmSnÿm\Øn¬ Ckvemw

aXsØ ZrVs∏SpØp∂ {]h¿Ø\

ßƒ Du¿PkzeXtbmsS \S∂v

hcnIbmWv. A√mlp hnip≤ Jp¿

B\n¬ kqd 56˛mw hN\Øn¬

Jnem^Øns‚ AXnalØmb c≠v

Znhym\p{Klßsf°pdn®v {]Xn]m

Zn°p∂p.

1. Ah¿°mbn Ah¿ Xr]vXns∏áXsØ Ah¿°v {]_es∏SpØns°mSp°p∂XmWv.

2. AhcpsS `bØn\p tijw]Icambn Ah¿°v c£bpw kam[m\hpw \¬Ip∂XmWv.

Cu c≠v Znhym\p{Klßfpw

AlvaZnøm Jnem^Øv aptJ\

PamAØn¬ kºq¿Wamb \nebn¬

ImWs∏Sp∂p. CXns‚ hniZoI

cWØn\v Ct∏mƒ apXncp∂n√.

C∂v temIØv 200 cmjv{Sßfn¬

]Xn\mbnc°W°n\v imJIfp≈

AlvaZnøm PamAØv hnhn[

cwKßfn¬Atlmcm{Xw A`nhr≤n

s∏´p sIm≠ncn°pIbmWv.

A¬ ^Zep am ilnZØv

_nln¬ AAvZmD

i{Xp°fpsS km£yØn\mWv

{]m[m\yw F∂ hmIya\pkcn®v,

AlvaZnøm PamØns‚ i{Xp

\ncIfn¬ {][m\nIfmb PamAsØ

CkvemanbpsS t_m[\w amknI 16.

7. 1994 ¬ FgpXp∂p. Atacn°bn¬

JmZnbm\n {]ÿm\Øn∂v iIvXamb

thcpIfp≠v. \yqtbm¿°nepw,

hmjnßvSWnepw km≥{^m≥

knkvt°mhnepw AXym[p\nIamb

kuIcyßtfmS v IqSnb tI{μ

ßfp≠v. Bkq{XnX ]≤XnIfpw

IW°n√mØ BkvXnbpamWt{X

JmZnbm\n {]h¿Ø\ßƒ°v i‡n

]Icp∂Xv . bqtdm∏v , B{^n°

XpSßnb temIØns‚ hnhn[

`mKßfn¬ ]c∂p InS°p∂

JmZnbm\nIƒ 14 aneyt\mfw hcp

at{X AhcpsS P\kwJy. Lm\,

ss\Pocnb, sFhdn tImkv‰v, sse_o

cnb, Z£nWm{^n°, F∂nhnSßfn

sems° JmZnbm\nIfpsS km∂n≤yw

hfsc {]ISamWv.

Xs‚ AkvXnXzw apgph≥

PamAØn\v th≠n ka¿∏n®v

ImcpWyØm¬ XpSn®p sIm≠ncn

°p∂ lrZbap≈ Hcp Jeo^

Jnem^Øn\p≠mbncn°pw F∂Xv

Jnem^Øv kwhn[m\Øns‚

\nch[n Znhym\p{Klßfnsem∂mWv.

Hmtcm AlvaZnbpw Jnem^sØ∂

kpi‡amb tIm´°IØv Xm≥

kpc£nXamsW∂v t_m[ap≈

h\mWv. Jeo^bpsS {]m¿Y\bpsS

A\p{Klw Ah\v Ft∏mgpw

e`yamWv. Hcp AlvaZnbpsS ZpxJ

ßfpw ZpcnXßfpw Jeo^bpsS

{]m¿Y\bnepw km¥z\Ønepw

Aen™n√mXmhp∂p. Hcp kw`hw

ChnsS D≤cn°mw

lZvdØv hmKvZØ akolns‚ Hcpklm_n Nu[cn lm°nw Zo≥kmln_ns‚ `mcy°v {]khthZ\bp≠mbn. At±lw cm{Xn 11 aWn°vlZvdØv Jeo^Øp¬ akolns‚`h\Øn¬ sN∂v hnhcw ]d™p{]m¿Y\°t]£n®p. At±lw HcpImc° sIm≠ph∂v AXn¬ ZpBsNbvXp DuXn Nu[cn kmln_n\vsImSpØp. CXv `mcy°v sImSp°m≥]d™p {]khw Ign™v DSs\hnhcadnbn°Wsa∂pw \n¿tZin®p.Ipd®p Ign™t∏mƒ Xs∂kpJ{]khw \S∂p. F∂m¬ cm{XnIptdIgn™Xn\m¬ lpkqdns\hnfn®v _p≤napńt°s≠∂v Nu[cnkmln_v IcpXn, InS∂pdßn. ]nt‰∂v

Xßsf BXvam¿Yambn kvt\ln °p∂ Xßƒ°v th≠n cm{Xn

apgp h\pw Dd°anf®v {]m¿Yn®p sIm≠n cn°p∂ BXvaob

t\Xmhv XßfpsS Xe∏Øncn°p∂psh∂v t_m[ap≈

AlvaZnIƒ F{Xam{Xw `mKyhm∑mcmWv! Aßs\ Hmtcm

AlvaZn°pw Xm≥ ImeØns‚ Jeo^bpsS kvt\l

hebØn¬ kpc£nXcm sW∂ kpZrV t_m[w D≠mIp∂p.

CØcsamcp kpc£nX t_m[w CXc kapZmbßƒt°m

kwLS\Iƒt°m C√Xs∂


ImeØv lpkqdns\ hnhcadnbn®t∏mƒ At±lw ]d™p. IpńP\n®Xn\v tijw Xm¶fpw `mcybpwkpJambn InS∂pdßn. X°kabØv Fs∂bpw Adnbn®ncp∂psh¶n¬ F\n°pw InS∂pdßmambncp∂p, F∂m¬ Rm≥ cm{Xnapgph≥ \nßfpsS `mcy°v th≠n ZpBsNbvXp sIm≠ncp∂p. Nu[cnlm°nw Zn≥ kmln_v Cu kw`hwhnhcn®p s°m≠v s]mń°c™p.FhnsS Hcp km[mcW ]cnNmcI\mb Rm≥? FhnsS alm\mb\qdp±o≥? (Akvlms_ AlvaZv.t].71,72)

lZvdØv Jeo^Øp¬ akolv

c≠ma≥ Acpƒ sNøp∂p:

ktlmZc∑m¿°v th≠n Fs‚

lrZbØns‚ AKm[Xbn¬ D≈

kvt\lhpw A\pIºbpw Hcp

]nXmhn\pw Xs‚ a°tfmtSm Hcp

aI\pw Xs‚ ]nXmhnt\mtSm C√mØ

coXnbn¬ D≈XmWv. (khm\nlv

^Zvse Da¿ hmeyw 5. t]Pv 468)

ho≠pw At±lw Acpƒ

sNøp∂p: \nßƒ°mbn Hcp hy‡n\nßfpsS thZ\Iƒ Dƒs°m≈p∂\nßtfmSp≈kvt\lw sh®p ]pe¿Øp∂ \nßfpsS Zp:JsØ kz¥wZpJambn°cpXp∂ \nßfpsShnjasØ Xs‚ hnjaambn°cpXp∂ \nßƒ°mbn Fs∂∂pwA√mlphns‚ Xncpk∂n[n[nbn¬ZpBsNbvXp sIm≠ncn°p∂ Hcphy‡nbp≠v. F∂m¬ A\y¿°vCXn√. \nßƒ°mbn B hy‡ncm{XnbpsS GIm¥Xbn¬ lrZbwXpSn®v {]m¿Yn°pIbpw sNøp∂p.F∂m¬ Ah¿°v Bcpw Xs∂bn√.BcpsSsb¶nepw _‘phn\v AkpJap≠mbm¬ B Bƒ°v a\ am[m\ap≠mIp∂n√. F∂m¬Bbnc°W°n\pw e£°W°n\pwtcmKnIfp≈ Hcp a\pjys‚Ahÿsb°pdn®v \nßƒ°vA\pam\n°phm≥ km[n°ptam?(A≥hmdp¬ Deqw˛ hmfyw . 2.t ]v.156)


Acpƒ sNøp∂p: Rm≥ \nßfn¬

\n∂p≈ \nßsft]msebp≈ Hcp

a\pjy≥ BsW∂v \nßƒ°v

A\pam\n°m≥ IqSn km[n°mØ

hÆw \nßfn¬ \n∂p≈ Hmtcm

Bƒ°v th≠nbpw PamAØnse

Htcm AwKßƒ°v th≠nbpw Fs‚

lrZbØn¬ A√mlp kvt\lw

A¶pcn∏n®p X∂n´p≠v. Nnet∏mƒ

kpPqZn¬ C{]Imcw Rm≥ ZpB

sNømdp≠.v A√mlpth, F\n°v

ZpB°v th≠n IsØgpXm≥

B{Kln°pIbpw F∂m¬ Bekyw

\nanØw FgpXm≥ km[n°msX

hcnIbpw sNøp∂hcpsS Dt±ißƒ

kêoIcn®v sImSpt°Wta.

A√mlpth BcmWv ZpB°v th≠n

F\n°v IsØgpXmØXv, IsØgp

XWsa∂ Nn¥C√mØXv Ah¿°v

h√ hnja hpw t\cnSpIbmsW¶n¬

AXv Zqcs∏SpØns°mSpt°Wta! \o

AhcpsS Bhiyßƒ \nh¿Øn

®psImSpt°Wta!

ho≠pw At±lw ]dbp∂p:

euInIamb \nebn¬ hy‡n]cambnk t l m Z c ∑ m ¿ ° p ≠ m I p ∂thZ\Iƒ Fs‚ s\©IØv H∂mbntN¿∂ncn °bmWv. cm{Xnapgph≥ Hcp\nanjw t]mepw DdßmsX\nßƒ°mbn lrZbws\m¥p ZpBsNbvXp sIm≠n cn°p∂ ]ecm{XnIfpw F\n°p ≠mbncp∂p.(A¬ ^k¬, d_vh: 12. 12. 1966)


\mema≥ ]dbp∂p: \nßfn¬ \n∂vHcn°epw lrZb thZ\bp≠m°p∂H∂pw Xs∂ F\ns°gpXmXncn°s´.Jnem^Øns‚ bmYm¿Yyw Xs∂CXmIp∂p. Hcp Jeo^bpsSlrZbØn¬ apgph≥ Pam AØns‚bpw lrZbßƒ XpSn®vsIm≠ncn°p∂p. CtX{]Imcw apgph≥PamAØnt‚bpw kt¥mjw BlrZbØn¬ H∂mbn tNcp∂p.F\n°v Ft∏mgpw \nßsf°pdn®p≈kt¥mjhm¿ØIƒ am{Xw e`n°pamdmIs´. \nßfn¬ Hcp hnjahpwD≠mhmXncn°s´. ImcWw \nßfpsS hnjaw Fs‚ hnjaamWv.(aivAse dmlv. hm. 3 .t]Pv. 687)


A©ma≥ ]dbp∂p: Rm≥ hfsc{]nbtØmSpIqSn Adnbn°pIbmWv.F\n°pw lZvdØv hmKvZØ akolns‚ PamAØnt\mSv hfscb[nIwkvt\lap≠v.(JpXv_msØ akvdq¿hm 1 t]Pv,22)

Xßsf BXvam¿Yambn kvt\ln

°p∂ Xßƒ°v th≠n cm{Xn apgp

h\pw Dd°anf®v {]m¿Yn®p sIm≠n

cn°p∂ BXvaob t\Xmhv XßfpsS

Xe∏Øncn°p∂psh∂v t_m[ap≈

AlvaZnIƒ F{Xam{Xw `mKyhm∑m

cmWv! Aßs\ Hmtcm AlvaZn°pw

Xm≥ ImeØns‚ Jeo^bpsS

kvt\l hebØn¬ kpc£nXcm

sW∂ kpZrV t_m[w D≠mIp∂p.

CØcsamcp kpc£nX t_m[w CXc

kapZmbßƒt°m kwLS\Iƒ

t°m C√Xs∂.

ImeØns‚ Jeo^tbmSp lm¿

Zamb _‘Øns‚bpw sNtø≠p∂

I¿ØhyØnt‚bpw {]m[m\y

sØ°pdn®v lZvdØv dkq¬

Xncpta\n (k) Acpƒ sNøp∂p:

A√mlphns‚ Jeo^bpsS

km∂n≤yw `qanbn¬ \nßƒ

ImWpIbmsW¶n¬ At±lhpambn

\nßƒ kpZrV_‘w ]pe¿ØpI.

\nßfpsS icocw Xp≠w Xp≠

am°s∏SpIbmsW¶nepw\nßfpsS

[\hpw apXepw sIm≈bSn°s∏Sp

IbmsW¶nepw icn. (apkv\Z v

AlvaZv C_v\p lw_¬˛ lZokv

\º¿: 22333)

hnimknIfpsS PamAØns‚

ÿm]\hpw Htc Iøn¬ AhcpsS

k p k w L S n X m h ÿ b p w

A√mlphns‚ alØmb A\p{Kl

amIp∂p. Cu GIXzØn¬ On{ZXbp

≠m°pIbpw AXmbXv \nßƒ Htc

Iøn¬ H∂n®p tNcpIbpw \nßƒ°v

Hcp Aao¿ D≠mbncn °pIbpw

sNøps∂mchÿbn¬ \nßƒ

\nßfpsS GIXzsØ hnNvtOZn

°m≥ {ian°pIbpw Aßs\

PamAØn¬ `n∂Xbp≠m°m≥

{ian°pIbpw sNøp∂hcp ambn

_‘w sh°mXncn°pI. AhcpsS

hm°pIƒ ad°mXncn °pI (apkv

enw˛InXm_p¬ CamdØv).


A©ma≥ ]dbp∂p: A√mlp

\nßƒ°v Jnem^sØ∂ Znhym\p

{Klw X∂cpfnb am¿KamWnXv. Cu

ssZhnI ]misØ apdpsI∏nSn°pI.

GIXzhpw kwLS\m `mhhpw \ne

\n¿Øp∂Xn\mbpw hnPb{]m]vXn

°pw Jnem^Øpambn ]cn]q¿W

_‘w sh®p ]pe¿ØpI. Xeapd

Xeapdbmbn XßfpsS k¥XnI

sfbpw Cu alØmb Znhym\p{K

lhpambn _‘s∏´p sIm≠n

cn°phm≥ t_m[h¬°cn®p sIm

≠ncn°pI (aivAse dmlv hm.5 t].

32, 33)

A√mlp \sΩ A\p{Kln°p

amdmIs´


\oXn-bpsS hnim-e-amb \n¿h-N\w

Hmtcm-cp-Ø\pw Ahs‚ Ah-Imiw

\¬IpI F∂-Xm-Ip-∂p. F∂m¬,

\oXn-bpsS \n¿h-N-\sØ kw_-‘n-

®n -S -tØmfw Ckvemw Iptd-°qSn

apt∂m´p t]m-Ip-∂p≠v. \∑-bv°p≈

{]Xn-̂ ew Hcmƒ B¿Pn-®-Xn-t\-°mƒ

Hcp hn[-Ønepw Ipd™Xmbn-cn -

°m≥ ]mSn-s√∂pw t\sc-a-dn-®v, Hcp

Xn∑-bv°p≈ in£, sNbvX Ip‰-

Øn\pw Ihn-™-Xm-bn-cn-°-cp-sX∂pw

D≈Xv \oXn-\ym-b-Øns‚ icn-bmb

am\-Z-fi-am-bn-cn-°-W-sa∂v Ckvemw

kn≤m--¥n-°p-∂p. Cu XØz-ß-fn¬

GsX-¶nepw H∂n¬ ewL-\-ap-≠m-

bm¬ AXv A\o-Xn-bm-Ip-∂p.

CXn¬ BZysØ ̀ mKw, A-Xm-bXv

kΩm\w AYhm {]-Xn-êw Hcmƒ

kºm-Zn-®-Xn¬ Hcp {]Im-c-Ønepw Ipd-

hm-bn-cn-°-cpXv F∂Xv icn-bm-sW-

¶nepw \oXnsb kw-_-‘n® G‰hpw

IWn-i-amb Hcp [mcW \∑-bv°p≈

k-Ωm-\-tam {]Xn -^-etam H-cmƒ

B¿Pn-®n-cn-°m-hp-∂-Xnepw A[n-I-cn-

°-cp-sX∂v Bhiy-s∏-Sp-∂p. Cu ]cn-

[n-\n¿W-bsØ Ckvemw kzoI-cn-

°m≥ Xøm-dn-√. \∑ kzbw Cc-ń-°-

s∏-Sp∂p F∂pw AXn\v Xn∑sb AXn-

P-bn-°m\pw A-Xns\ ASn-t®m-Sn-°m-

\p--ap≈ khn-ti-j-iIvXnbp-s≠∂pw

AXp-sIm≠v \∑ Nen-∏n-®p-hn-Sp∂

A\p-{K-l-Øn\v A‰-an-s√-∂p-ap≈

kn≤m¥amWv AXv apt∂m-´p-sh-°p-

∂Xv. C-°m-c-W-Øm¬ k¬Ir-Xy-

ßƒ°p≈ kΩm\-ßƒ°pw {]Xn-̂ -

e--ßƒ°pw AXn-cp-sh-°p-∂-Xn\v Hcp

\ymbo-I-c-W-hp-an-√.

""Xo¿®-bmbpw k¬-°¿a-ßƒ

ZpjvI¿a-ßsf AI‰n°f-bp∂p.''

(hn. Jp. 11:115)

Cu -XØzw Jp¿-B≥ a‰v ]e

ÿe-ß-fnepw Bh¿Øn®p ]d-bp-

∂p≠v.

""Xn-∑-bv°p≈ kzm`m-hn-I-êw

XØp-ey-amb Xn∑-bm-Ip-∂p. F∂m¬,

h√h\pw am∏v sNbvIbpw AXp-ap-

tJ\ \∑ hcp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xm-

I-bm¬ Ahs‚ {]Xn-êw A√m-lp-

hns‚ ASp-°-emWv. Xo¿®-bmbpw

Ah≥ A-{I-an-Isf CjvSs∏-Sp-∂n√''

(42:41)

Hcp Ip-‰ -Ir-Xyw AY-hm, Hcp

A{Iaw sNbvXm¬ AXn-\p≈ in£

AXn\v kam-\-am-b-Xm-bn-cn -°Ww

F∂pw F∂m¬, am∏v sImSp-°p-∂-Xp-

sIm≠v KpWw hcp-sa-∂m-sW-¶n¬

B A{Iaw s]mdp-°-s∏-tS-≠Xpw

AYhm in£-bn¬ Cfhv hcp-Øm-hp-

∂-Xp-amWv F∂pw BWv Cu hmIy-

Øn¬ \n¿-tZ-in-°-s∏-́ n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Cu

XØz-ß-fn¬ GsX-¶nepw H∂v ewLn-

°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv sX‰m-Ip-∂p. sNbvX Ip‰-

Øn\v AY-hm, A{I-a-Øn\p A¿ln-

°p-∂-Xnepw I-Tn-\-X-c-amb in£

\¬Ip-∂-Xpw, Hcp Ip‰-IrXyw s]mdp-

Øp-sIm-Sp-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v KpWwhcn-

Itbm sNøp-sa∂ kqN-\-bn-√mØ

kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ s]mdp-Øp-sIm-Sp-

°p-Itbm Cfhv \¬Ip-Itbm sNøp-

∂Xpw c≠pw sX‰m-bn-cn°pw.

ho≠pw Jp¿ -B≥ ]d-bp∂p:

""A√mlp BtcmSpw Hcn-°epw Hcp

AWp-Xq-°hpw A\oXn {]h¿Øn-°-

bn-√. AXv (H-cm-fpsS I¿aw) \√-Xm-

sW-¶n¬ Ah≥ AXv Ccń-bm-°p-

Ibpw Xs‚ ]°¬\n-∂p≈ al-

Ømb {]Xn-êw \¬Ip-Ibpw sNøp-

∂-XmWv.'' (4:41)

CtX XØzw -Xs∂ thsdbpw

kμ¿ -̀ß-fn¬ Jp¿-B≥ Bh¿Øn®p

]d-bp-∂p. ""\∑ {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-h¿°v

G‰hpw \√ {]Xn-^-e-ap-≠v. IqSp-X¬

A\p-{K-l-ß-fp-ap-≠v. Ah-cpsS apJ-

ßsf A‘Imctam A]-am-\tam

Bh-cWw sN-øp-I-bn√.'' (10:27)

""Xn∑-Iƒ {]h¿Øn-®-h-cmtcm

Ah¿°v Xn∑-bv°p≈ {]Xn-êw

XØp-ey-amb Xn∑ sIm≠p X-s∂-bm-

bn-cn°pw. Ahsc A]-am\w Bh-

cWw sNøp∂Xp-amWv.'' (10:28)

Hcp Imcy-Øns‚ A‘-Im-c-Øn¬

\n∂pw A]-am -\ -Øn¬ \n∂pw

kwc£n-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw as‰mcp Imcy-

Øn¬ A]-am-\-Øn\p Ipdn-bm-°-s∏-

Sp-∂Xpw Xo¿Øp-]-d-™m¬ {]Xn-^-

e--Øns‚tbm in£-bp-sStbm Hcp

k¿apl-ΩZv k-̂ -dp-√m-lvJm≥(ap≥ {]kn-U‚v, C‚¿\m-j-\¬ tIm¿´v Hm^v P-Ãn-kv, ZntlKv)

\∑°p≈ {]Xnêw AXn\m[mcamb I¿asØ°mƒ Ipdbm≥ ]mSn√. {]Xnêw

Ihnbp∂Xv \√XpamWv. F∂m¬ Ip‰Øn\p≈ in£ Hcp hn[Ønepw Ihnbm≥

]mSn√. s]mdpØp sImSp°emWv KpWIcsa¶n¬ s]mdpØp sImSp°pI.

CkvemanI \oXnimkv{XØns‚ aqeXXzw CXmIp∂p.

teJ\w

Ckvemapw PpUo-jy-dnbpwCkvemapw PpUo-jy-dnbpw


`mK-a√; adn®p AØcw Imcy-ß-fn¬

{In-b-bpsS kz-`m-h-Øn¬ \n∂v kzbw

D≠m-bn-Øo-cp∂ AXns‚ A\-¥c

êw BIp-∂p. AXv \∑-bp-sStbm

Xn∑-bp-sStbm {Iam-\p-K-X-amb KpW-

^-e-as{X.

""Bsc-¶nepw \∑-sN-b vXm¬

AXns‚ ]Øn-cń {]Xn-êw Ah-

∂p≠v. Bsc-¶nepw Xn∑ sNbvXm¬

X-Øp-ey-amb {]Xn -{In -b-b-√msX

Ah\v \¬I-s∏-Sp-I-bp-an√; Ah-tcmSv

A\oXn ImWn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bp-an√.'' (6:161)

""Bsc-¶nepw Xn∑ sNbvXm¬

X¬k-am-\-ambn am{Xw Ah\p ]Icw

In´pw; F∂m¬ Bsc-¶nepw \∑

sNbvXm¬ BWm-bmepw s]Æm-

bmepw hniz -kn -®-bm-fm -sW-¶n¬

Ah¿ kz¿K-Øn¬ {]th-in-∏n-°-s∏-

Spw. AhnsS Ah¿°v Af-hn-√msX

\¬-Is∏Spw.''

F√m Ign-hp-I-sfbpw F√m cw-K-

ß-fnepw ]cn-]q¿W-ambn kwtbm-Pn-

∏n-°p-Ibpw Bkq-{XnX hnI-k\w

ssIh-cp-Øp-I-bp-amWv F∂-Xn-\m¬,

F√m {]hr-Øn-I-sfbpw s]cp-am-‰-ß-

sfbpw kw_‘n-®n-S-tØmfw AXv

\¬Ip∂ A\p-a-Xn-Iƒ ̀ uXnIw am{X-

a-√, [m¿an-Ihpw B≤ymXvanIhpw

IqSn-bm-Ip-∂p. Cu X¿-°-hp-ambn

_‘s∏´p aX-ß-fpsS taJe G-Xm-

sW∂pw \nb-a-ß-fp-sSbpw cmjv{So-b-

Øn-s‚bpw taJe GXm-sW∂pw D≈

X¿°w ˛ as‰mcp {] -Im -c -Øn¬

]d™m¬ atX-X-c-`-cW IqShpw aX-

cm-jv{Sob tÃ‰pw XΩn-ep≈ X¿°w

kw_-‘n®nStØmfw Ckvemw AØ-

c-Øn¬ th¿Xn-cn-°p-∂n-s√-∂Xv {it≤-

b-am-sW∂v ]d-tb-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

Ckvemw Hcp Pohn -X-co -Xn -bmWv.

a\pjy Pohn-X-Ønse F√m hi-ß-

sfbpw {Iao-I-cn-°p∂ \nb-am-h-en-bp-

as{X AXv. B ho£W-Øn¬ IqSn

t\m°ptºmƒ F√m aX-ßsf°mfp-

tasd AXv aX-\n-c-t]£am-sW∂p ]d-

bm-hp-∂-XmWv. Ckveman¬ ]utcm-

lnXyw As√-¶n¬ N¿®v `cWw Cs√-

∂Xv s]mXpsh Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-W-

t√m. A°m-c-W-Øm¬ hyh-ÿm-]nX

]utcmln-Xy-Øm¬ \n¿h-ln-°-s∏-

tS≠ hnip -≤ -N -S -ßp -Itfm D]-

NmcI¿a-ßtfm H∂pw AXn-en√.

Ckveman-\p-apºv Atd-_y-bn¬

\oXnsb kw_-‘n® ]cn-k-¶¬]w

IpSpw-_Ønepw tKm{X-Øn-\-IØpw

tKm{Xm-[n] `c-W-Øn-\-[o-\-am-bn-cp-

∂p. tKm{X-ßƒ XΩn-ep≈ Ie-l-

ßƒ tKm{Xo-b-bp-≤-ß-fn-eqsSbpw

cIvX∏-I-h®pw cq£-ambn. A∏-t∏mƒ

IW-°p-Xo¿°p∂ k{º-Zm-b-am-bn-

cp∂p \ne-\n-∂n-cp-∂-Xv. \n-b-a-ß-fp-

sSbpw Ah-Im-i-ß-fp-sSbpw IS-a-I-

fp-sSbpw in£-I-fp-sSbpw ASn-ÿm-

\-Øn¬ tImS-Xn-I-fp-sSbpw PUvPn-am-

cpsS hn[n Xo¿∏p-I-fn-eq-sSbpw X¿°-

ßƒ°v ]cn-lmcw ImWp-I-sb∂

coXn Ad-_n-Iƒ°v ]cn-Nn-X-am-bn-cp-∂n-

√. Ckvemw Cu ]cn-I¬]\ ]cn-N-bn-

∏n-°bpw apknw-Iƒ°v AXv \n¿_-

‘-am-°p-Ibpw sN-bvXp.

""F∂m¬ Aß-s\-b-√, \ns‚

\mY-s\-s°m≠v kXyw! Ah¿°n-S-

bn¬ ̀ n∂n-∏p-≠mb Im-cy-Øn¬ Ah¿

\ns∂ hn[n-I¿Øm-hmbn kzoI-cn-°p-

Ibpw F∂n´v \o hn[n® ImcysØ

kw_-‘n®v A-hcpsS lrZ-b-Øn¬

bmsXm-cp-hn[ {]-bm-khpw D≠m-hm-

Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw Ah¿ ]cn-]q¿W-ambn

A\pk-cWw ]pe¿Øp-Ibpw sNøp-

∂-Xp-hsc Ah¿ hnizm-kn-I-fm-hp-I-

bn√.'' (4:66)

Cu h-N-\-ßƒ Xmsg-]-d-bp∂

Imcy-ßƒ \S-∏m-°p∂p.

H∂v, X¿-°-ßƒ \oXn-]oTw hgn

Xocp-am-\n-°-s∏-S-Ww. Hcp Imcy-Øn¬

A¥n-a-hn-[n-bn-eqsS \oXn-\n¿h-l-W-

{]-{Inb ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-s∏´p Ign-

™m¬, B hn[n F¥p-X-s∂-bm-

bmepw I£n-I-fn¬ {]Xn-tj-[-Øn-

s‚tbm kwi-b-Øn-s‚tbm bmsXm-

c-S-bm-fhpw Ah-ti-jn-°mØ hn[w

AXp kzoI-cn-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xm-Wv. HSp-hn-

embn ]q¿W-ambpw \S∏n-em-°-s∏-Sp-

Ibpw thWw.

hnip-≤-Jp¿-Bs‚ ssi-enbpw `m-

-jm-{]-tbm-K-ß-fp-ambn ]cn-Nbw t\Sn-

bn-ń-√m-Ø-h¿, Cu hN-\-ßƒ \S-∏m-

°p-∂-Xns\ hn-e-°p-∂-Xn¬ A\n-jvS-

s∏-t´bv°mw. CsXm-cn-°epw icn-b-√.

Xncp-\_n (k) t\cn´p kwt_m-[\

sNø-s∏-´-t∏mƒ Ft∏mgpw Xs∂ B

I¬]-\-Ifpw \n¿tZ-i-ßfpw \n¿_-

‘-ß-fp -sa√mw Hmtcm hnizm -

knbv°pw _m-[-Iamwhn[w s]mXp-

hmbn {]tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈hbm-bn-

cp-∂p. Xncp-\-_n(-k) ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn® hn-

[n-Iƒ°v Hcp {]tXyI ]cn-ip-≤X

I¬]n-t°-≠-Xn-\p≈ bmsXmcp kqN-

\bpw \¬I-s∏-ń-ń-√. C°mcyw Xncp-

\_n (k) Xs∂bpw hy‡-am-°n-Ø-

∂n-́ p-ap-≠v. X¿°-ß-fn¬ Xm≥ kXyw

Is≠-Øm≥ {i-an-°p-∂Xv I£n-Iƒ

Xs‚ apºn¬ ka¿∏n -°p∂

tI ns‚ \ne ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bm-

Wv. X\nbv°v sX‰p-]-‰m-hp-∂Xpw Hcp

I£nbv°v bYm¿Y-Øn¬ Ah-Im-i-

s∏-´p-Iq-Sm-ØXv hn[n-®p F∂p hcm-

hp-∂-Xp-am-Wv. Aßs\ h∂m¬, b-

Ym¿Y-Øn¬ X\n-bv°-h-Im-i-s∏-Sm-Ø-

Xns\ {]kvXpX hn-[n-{]-Imcw kz¥-

am -°p -Itbm hos≠-Sp -°p -Itbm

sNøp∂ Hcmƒ Ah-s‚tbm Ah-fp-

sStbm A√mØ H∂v A-\ym-b-ambn

kzmb-Ø-am-°nbn-´p-≈-Xn\v Ip‰-hm-fn-

bm-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xm-Wv.

X¿°-ßƒ Pq-Uo-jy¬ {]{In-b-bn-

eqsS ]cn-lmcw ImtW-≠-Xm-sW∂pw

A-¥n-a-hn[nXo¿∏n\v ]q¿W-ambpw hg-

ßp-Ibpw thW-sa∂pw Cu hmIy-Øn-

eqsS Jp¿-B≥ \n¿_-‘n-°p-∂p.

hn[n \S∏m -°p∂ Imcy -Øn¬

bmsXmcp {]Xn-tj-[hpw \ntj-[-`m-

hhpw Ah-ti-j-n°mØ Xc-Øn¬

B hn[n-Xo¿∏n-t\mSv am\kn-I-ambn

s]mcp-Ø-s∏-Sp-Ibpw thW-sa∂pw

Jp¿-B≥ A\p-im-kn-°p∂p.

PUvPn-am¿ Xß-fpsS IS-a-Iƒ \n-

jv]-£-ambn ]men-t°≠XmsW∂v

Jp¿-B≥ I¬]n-°p-∂p.

""\nivNb-ambpw A√mlp Aam-\-

Øp-Iƒ (kq-£n-∏p-ap-X¬) Ah-bpsS

Ah-Im-in-Iƒ°v Gev∏n-°-W-sa∂v

\nßtfmSv Iev]n-°p-∂p. P\-ßƒ°n-

S-bn¬ \nßƒ hn[n Iev]n-°p-tºmƒ

\o-Xn-]q¿hw \nßƒ hn[n-I¬]n-°-

Ww. A√mlp \nß-tfmSv D]-tZ-in-°p-

∂-sXt¥m AXv G‰hpw DØa-am-b-

Xm-Ip-∂p. \n›-b-ambpw A√mlp

hfsc tIƒ°p-∂-h\pw \√-t]mse

ImWp-∂-h-\p-am-Ip∂p.'' (4:59)

\oXn sNøpI F∂Xv tIh-e-amb

Hcp _m[yX BIp-∂p. X¿°-Ønse

I£n-I -fpsS Imcy -Øn¬ Ah¿

apkvenwItfm Aap-kvenw-Itfm Bbn-

cn -°p -∂-Xntem AY-hm, A-h¿

apkvenw-Ifpambn kwL-´-\-Øn-em-

sWt∂m kJy-Øn-em-sWt∂m D≈

]cnanX-s∏-Sp-Øtem am‰n-Øn-cn-°tem

\S-Øm≥ ]mSn-√m-Ø-Xm-Ip∂p.

Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp-∂p:

""hniz-kn-®-h-tc, \nßƒ \oXnbv°v

km£yw -h-ln-°p-∂-h-cmbn A√m-lp-

hn-\p-th≠n \ne-sIm-≈p-hn≥. Hcp

kap -Zm -btØmSp≈ hntcm[w

AhtcmSv \o-Xn-]m-en-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥

\nßsf t{]cn -∏n -°m -Xn -cn -°-s´.


\nßƒ \o-Xn-]m-en-°p-I. AXv ssZh-

`-‡n-bp-ambn G-‰hpw ASp-Ø-Xm-Wv.

\nßƒ A√m-lp-hns\ `b-s∏-Sp-I.

Xo¿®-bmbpw A√mlp \nßƒ

{]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xns\ Ipdn®v kq£v-

a-ambn Adn-hp-≈-h-\m-Wv.'' (Jp. 5:9).

t\csØ Nq≠n°m-Wn® {]Imcw

Ckvemw Hcp Pohn-X-co-Xn-bmIp∂p.

AtXm-sSm∏w AsXmcp \n-b-am-h-

enbpsSbpw N´-ß-fp-sSbpw kap-®-b-

hp -amIp∂p. a\p -jys‚ s]cp -

am‰Øns‚ {]-am-W-kq-‡-ßƒ \S-

∏n¬ hcp-Øp-∂-Xn\pw km£y-ßsf

kq£n-°p-Ibpw kwc-£n-°p-Ibpw

sNøp-∂-Xn\pw Jp¿-B≥ {ian-°p-∂-

co-Xnbpw Ah-ew-_n-°p∂ kq£va-

Xbpw Xmsg ]d-bp∂ kq-‡-ß-fn¬

\n∂p a-\- n-em-°mw.

hniz -kn -® -h -tc, \n -ßƒ Hcp

\nivNnX- A-h[n \n¿W-bn-®p-sIm≠v

]ckv]cw I-S-an-S-]mSv sNøp-∂-Xm-

bm¬ AXv \nßƒ FgpXn tcJ-s∏-Sp-

Øp-I. \nßƒ°n-S-bn¬ Hcp Fgp-Øp-

Im-c≥ \oXn-]q¿hw AXv Fgp-Xs´.

Hcp Fgp-Øp-Im-c\pw Fgp-Xp-∂-Xn\v

hn-k-ΩXw Im -́cp-Xv. ImcWw A√mlp

Abmsf ]Tn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. AXn-\m¬

Abmƒ Fgp-tX-≠XvXs∂-bm-Wv.

_m≤y-X-tb-‰-h≥ Fgp-Xm≥ hmNIw

]d™p-sIm-Sp-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. Ah≥

Xs‚ \mY-\mb A√m-lp-hns\ ̀ bs∏-

´p-sIm-≈s´. AXn¬ \n∂v H∂pw

Xs∂ Ah≥ Ipdhv hcp-Ø-cp-Xv. C\n

[\-Øns‚ _m[y-X-bp-≈-h≥ aμ-_p-

≤n-tbm, _e-lo-\t\m AYhm ]-

d™p sImSpØp Fgp-Xn-°m≥ Ignhn-

√m-Ø-ht\m BsW-¶n¬ Ahs‚ c-

£m-I¿Ømhv Ah-\p-th≠n \oXn-

]q¿hw hmNIw ]d-™p-sIm-SpØp

Fgp-Xn-t°≠XmWv. \n-ß-fpsS ]p-cp-

j-∑m-cn¬ \n∂v c≠p-t]sc \nßƒ

km£n-\n¿Øp-Ibpw sNøp -I.

F∂m¬, B c≠v km£n-Iƒ ]pcp-

j-∑m-c-s√-¶n¬ km-£n-I-fmbn \nßƒ

Xr]vXn-s∏-Sp-∂-h-cn¬ \n∂v Hcp ]pcp-

j\pw c≠v kv{XoI-fpw. Ah¿ c≠v-

t]-cn¬ Hcmƒ ]ng®p-t]m-Ip-tºmƒ

HcpØn a‰-hsf Hm¿an-∏n-°p-hm-\m-

WnXv. km£n-Isf hnfnbv°ptºmƒ

Ah¿ hn-k-Ω-Xn-°-cp-Xv. AXv (C-S-]m-

Sv) sNdp-Xm-bmepw hep-Xm-bmepw

AXns‚ Ah[n \n¿W-bn-®p-sIm≠v

Fgp-Xn-sh-°p-∂-Xn\v \n-ßƒ DZm-ko-

\X ImWn-°p-Ibp-a-cp-Xv. A√m-lp-

hns‚ ASp -°¬ G‰hpw \oXn -

]q¿hhpw km -£ysØ G‰hpw

sNmΔmb \ne-bn¬ \n¿Øp-∂-Xn\p ]-

cym-]vXhpw \nßƒ kw-i-bn-°m-Xn-cn-

°m≥ G‰hpw D]-bp-‡-hp-am-Wn-Xv. F-

∂m¬, \nßƒ ]c-kv]cw \S-Øp∂

sdm°-°-®-hSw CXn¬ \n∂v Hgn-hm-

Wv. A-ß-s\-bm-sW-¶n¬ AXv Fgp-

Xn-sh-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ \nßƒ°v

Ip‰-sam∂p-an-√. \nßƒ At\m\yw

{Ib-hn-{Ibw sNøp-tºmgpw km£n-

\n¿ØpI. F-gp -Øp -Im -c -s\bpw

km£n-sbbpw hnj-an-∏n-°p-I-bp-a-cp-

Xv. \nßƒ Aßs\ sNøp-∂-]£w

\nß-fn-ep-≠m-Ip∂ A[¿a-am-bn-cn-

°pw AXv. A√m-lp-hns\ kq£n-

°pI. A√mlp \nßƒ°v ]Tn-∏n-®p-

X-cp-∂p. A√mlp k¿h-Im-cy-ß-sf-

°p-dn®pw A`n-⁄\m-Wv.

""C\n \nßƒ bm{X-bn-em-bn-cn-°p-

Ibpw \nßƒ°v Hcp F-gp-Øp-Im-cs\

In-´m-sX-h-cn-Ibpw sNøp∂ ]£w

(ISw-sIm-Sp-Ø-h\v) ssIhi-∏-Wbw

\¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv. Aßs\ \nß-fn¬

Nne¿ Nne-sc-h-√Xpw hniz-kn-t®¬]n-

®m¬ hnizkn-t®¬∏n-°-s∏-´-h≥

Ahs‚ Aam-\Øv (B-h-iy-s∏-Sp-

tºmƒ) Xncn-®p-sIm-Sp-°-s´. Ah≥

Xs‚ \mY-\mb A√m-lp -hns\

kq£n-®p-sIm-≈s´. \nßƒ km£yw

ad-®p-sh-°-cp-Xv. Bsc-¶nepw km£yw

ad -®p -sh-°p -∂-Xm -bm¬ Ahs‚

lrZbw ]m-]-{K-kvX-am-Ip-∂p. \nßƒ

{]h¿-Øn-°p-∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn®v A√mlp

\√ t]mse Adn-bp-∂-h-\mWv.''

A√mlp Cß-s\bpw Iev]n-°p-

∂p. ""A\Ym-°p-́ nbv°v Imcy -{]m]vXn

FØp-∂-Xp-hsc G‰hpw D-Øaamb

hn[-Øn-e-√msX AXns‚ (B Ipń-bp-

sS) [\sØ \nßƒ kao-]n-°-cp-Xv.

\nßƒ Afhpw Xq°hpw \oXn --

]q¿hw ]q¿-Øn-bm-°p-I. Hcmsfbpw

Abm-fpsS I-gn-hn¬s]´-Xn\√msX

\mw DØ-c-hm-Zn-bm-°p-I-bn-√. kwkm-

cn-°p-tºmƒ Bƒ \nßfpsS ASpØ

_‘p-hm-bm¬ t]mepw ̨ \oXn-]q¿hw

kwkm-cn-°p-I. A√m-lp-hns‚ Icm-

dns\ \nßƒ ]q¿Øn -bm -°p -I.

A√mlp CXns\ kw_-‘n®p \nß-

tfmSv Xm°o-Xmbn A\p-im-kn-°p-∂p.

\nßƒ D]-tZiw Ic-ÿ-am-°p-∂-Xn-

\p-th≠n.'' (6:153)

Cu c≠v kw£n]vX Jfin-I-I-

fn¬ ]e-X-c-Øn-ep≈ \-S-]-Sn-{I-a-ß-fp-

sSbpw km£y-ß-fp-sSbpw \nb-a-

ßfpw a‰p N-́ -ßfpw AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-

∂p. Nne khn-ti-j-Im-cy-ß-sfm-gn-

®m¬ F√m Icm-dp -Ifpw F-gpXn

kq£n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

_m≤yX G¬°p-∂-bm -fmWv

Icm¿ ]d-s™-gp-Xn-t°-≠-Xv. I£n

AXn\v {]m]vX-\-s√∂p hcp-∂-]£w

c£n-Xmhv AXv ]d-s™-gp-Xn-°-Ww.

Fgp-Øp-Im-c\pw km£n-Ifpw AXv

\oXn-]q¿hw \n¿hln-°m≥ I¬]n-°-

s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p. Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ

km-£n -bmbn lm-P -cm -tI-≠Xpw

km£yw ]d-tb-≠-Xp-am-Ip-∂p.

Hcp A\m-Y-kz-Øns‚ \S-Øn∏v

Imcy-Ønepw a‰v ]e \n¿tZ-i-ßfpw

Jp¿-B≥ \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂p. _‘-

s∏´ Bƒ, Hcp _‘p BsW-¶n¬

kXy-k-‘-ambpw \oXn-]q¿h-ambpw

kwkm-cn-t°≠ Imcyw Du∂n-∏-d-™n-

cn-°p-∂p. Cu _m[y-X-Iƒ \n¿h-ln-

°p-∂Xv ssZh-hp-am -bp≈ Icm¿

]q¿Øn-bm-°-em-bn-́ mWv hnhcn-°-s∏-

ń-´p-≈-Xv. C-°m-cy-Øn¬ [m¿anI

_m≤y-X-Iƒ ChnsS Du∂n-∏-d-™n-cn-

°p∂p.

\oXn]oTØns‚ ]hn-{X-Xbpw

A¥ pw Ckvem-an¬ F°m-e-hpw

]q¿W-ambpw kwc-£n-°-s∏-ń-´p-≠v.

PpUo-jy-dn -bpsS ]cn -]q¿W-amb

kzmX{¥X XpS°w ap-X¬t° Xs∂

Dd-∏n-°-s∏-́ n-cp-∂p. \oXn-bpsS \ne-hm-

csØ PUvPn-am¿ IWni-ambn apdpsI

]nSn-®-Xns‚ F{Xtbm DZml--c-W-ßƒ

Ncn -{X-Øn¬ tc-J-s∏-Sp -Øn-bn -cn -

°p∂p. ̀ c-W-X-e-Øn¬ tcJs∏-Sp-Øn-

bn-cn-°p-∂p. `c-W-Ø-e-h-\m-bm¬

t]mepw At±lw kz-Im-cy-CS]mSp-

ambn \oXn-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ lm-P-cmIp-I-

bm-sW-¶n¬ I£n-Iƒ°nSbn¬ Hcp

\ne-bnepw ]£-]m-X-]-c-amb t\cn-

sbmcp kao-]-\w-t]mepw Acp-sX-

∂mWv \n¿tZ-in-°-s∏-ń-´p-≈-Xv.

CsX√mw ]Xn-aq∂v i-X-h¬k-c-

ßƒ°v apºp-Xs∂ tc-J-s∏´p InS∂

\n¿tZi-ß-fm-sW∂pw Ah \n-jvIr-jvS-

ambpw ]men-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw \n¿h-ln-°-

s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXn-́ p-s≠∂pw Hm¿t°-

≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Ckvemw \n¿tZin-®n-

´p≈ Cu Db¿∂ ]cn-Iev]-\-Iƒ

]n¬°m-eØv A\p-h¿Øn-°-s∏-́ n-s√-

∂Xv tJZ-I-c-amWv. F∂m¬, Ckvem-an-

I-aq-ey-ßsf ]p\xÿm]n-°m-\p≈

apkvenw-I-fpsS B¿Øn ̀ mhnsb kw_-

‘n-®n-S-tØmfw {]Xym-ibv°v hgn-sbm-

cp-°p∂p F∂Xv FSp-Øp-]-d-bmsX Xc-

an√.


a¿b-ans‚ aI≥ lZvdØv akolv

ÿqe-i-co-c-tØm-Sp-IqSn BIm-i-

tØ°v FSp-°-s∏-´p -sh∂pw Hcp

ImeØv BImiØp-\n∂v Cd-ßn-h-cp-

sa∂pw Hc-f-thmfw `n∂m-`n-{]m-b-

tØmsSbmsW¶nepw apkvenwIfpw

{InkvXym-\n-Ifpw hniz-kn®p hcp-∂p.

Cu hnizmkw sX‰m-sW∂v Fs‚ Cu

sNdp-{K-Ÿ-Øn¬ Rms\-gp-Xn°-gn-

™n-cn -°p-∂p. Cd-ßp-sa-∂-Xns‚

Dt±iyw bYm¿Y-Øn¬ a¿b-ans‚

aI≥ ako-ln‚ Cd-°-a-√, {]XypX

Be-¶m-cn-I-amb \ne-bn¬ Hcp ako-

lns‚ kZr-i≥ hcp-sa∂ ktμ-i-

amWv \evI-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-Xv. AXns‚

{]XoIw A√m-lp-hns‚ shfn-]mSpw

AS-bm-f-hp-a-\p-k-cn®v Cu hn\o-X-\m-Wv. hy‡-amb C¬lmw aptJ\

ÿm]n-X-am-bn-cn-°p∂ Fs‚ Cu

ktμiw {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-∂-tXmsS

Hcp-]mSv t]\-Iƒ F\n-s°-Xn-cn¬ Db-

cp-Ibpw B›cyP\-Ihpw Xos∏m-cn-`-

cn-X-hp-amb Hcp _lfw s]mXp-P-\-ß-

fn¬ D≠m-Ip-Ibpw sNøp-sa∂v F\n-

°-dn-bmw. hnjbw hnkvX-cn®p ]d-bp-

∂-Xn¬\n∂v Ct∏mƒ amdn-\n-ev°m\pw

Btcm-]-W-ßƒ D∂-bn-°-s∏-Sp∂

t\cØv AX-I-‰m≥th≠n, Btcm-]-

I-cpsS \ne-hnse Nn¥m-K-Xn-°-\p-k-

cn®v hni-Z-amb Imc-W-ßfpw sXfn-hp-

Ifpw ka¿∏n-°m-\p-amWv Rm\p-t±-in-

®n-cp-∂-Xv. ]t£, B Dt±-iy-Øn¬

Cßs\ Hcp-tZmjw Ct∏mƒ ImWp-

∂p. Rm\p-Ss\ AXv Fgp-Xp-∂n-s√-

¶n¬ s]mXp-P-\-ßƒ am{X-a√ {]XypX

apkvenwI-fnse {][m-\-hy-‡n-Ifpw

˛A-h-cnse Nne aue-hn-am-cm-W-Xv˛

Xß-fpsS Nn¥m-Ip-d-hp-sIm≠v Rm≥

]d-bp∂ Imcy-ßƒ sX‰m-sW∂v

sXfn-bn-°m≥th≠n A\ym-b-am-bn´v

Fgp-t∂-ev°p-Ibpw F¥m-bmepw

Xß-fpsS hmZ-Øns‚ ]£w-]n-Sn®v

AXv kXyamsW∂v ÿm-]n°m\m-{K-

ln -°p-Ibpw sNøpw. AXn -\m¬

A\ym-b-°m-cmbn FXn-cn¬ Fgp-

t∂‰p \nev°pI F∂Xv Ah¿°v

i‡-amb ad-bm-bn-cn-°pw. CXn¬\n∂v

]pdØp hcn-Ibpw Xßƒ {]Jym-]n®

Dt± -iy -Øn¬\n∂v aS -ßp -Ibpw

sNøpI Ah¿°v {]bm-k-I-c-sa-∂-√,

Akw-`m-hy-hp-am-bn-cn-°pw. F¥p-sIm-

s≠-∂m¬ GsX-¶nepw auehn

km£yw hln -®p -sIm≠v Hcp

\n¿tZiw {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-Ibpw Xs‚

Xocp -am -\-ambn \n›-bn -°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp Ign-™m¬ AXn¬\n∂v

]n∑m-dpI F∂Xv ac-WtØ-°mƒ

tami-ambn ImWn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-bn-

´mWv Ft∏mgpw I≠phcp-∂-Xv.

AXp-sIm≠v Ah¿ FXn-cn¬h∂v

a¿°-S-ap-jvSn-bp-sSbpw ]nSn-hm-in-

bpsSbpw hn]-Øp-I-fn¬ AI-s∏-Sp-∂-

Xn\p aptº _p≤nam\pw \oXn-am\pw

kXym-t\z-j-I-\p-amb Hcmƒ°v Xr]vXn-

bm-Ipw-hn[w hy‡hpw {]am-W-]-c-hp-

amb \ne-bn¬ Imcy-ßƒ a\- n-em-

°n-s°m-Sp-°m-sa∂v A√m-lp-hns‚

Ir]m-I-Sm-£-Øm¬ Rm≥ hnNm-cn-®p.

]n∂oS v Fgp -tX≠ Bhiyw

h∂m¬Xs∂, AXv ssZhnI {KŸ-ß-

fnse Be-¶m-cnI {]tbm-K-ß-fpsS

Dt±-iy-ß-fptSbpw kmt¶-XnI ]Z-{]-

tbm-K-ß-fp-tSbpw AXo-h-K-l-\-amb

XØz-c-l-ky-ß-fp-tSbpw hymJym-\-

ßsf kw_-‘n®v H∂pw Adn-bm-Ø-

hcpw F∂√ AXv kv]¿in-®n-´p-t]m-

ep-an-√m-Ø-h-cp-amb Atß-b‰w ip≤-

∑mcpw aT-b-∑m-cp-am-bn-´p-≈-h¿°pw

hnip-≤-Jp¿-Bs‚ ⁄m\w sXm´p-Xo-

≠n-bn-ń-√m-Ø-h¿°pw th≠n-bm-bn-

cn°pw Fgp-tX-≠n-h-cn-I.

BZyw ss__n-fn-t‚bpw \ΩpsS

lZo-Yp-I-fp-tSbpw Znhy{K-Ÿ-ß-fp-

tSbpw- ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ÿqe ico-

c-tØm-SpIqSn G-sX√mw \_n-am-cmWv

BIm-i-Øn¬ t]mbn-´p-≈Xmbn k¶-

ev]n-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-sX∂v kv]jvS-

ambn Fgp-Xm-\m-{K-ln-°p-∂p. Ah¿

c≠p \_n-am-cm-Wv. H∂v tbml-∂m≥.

At± -l-Øns‚ t]cv Gen -bmhv

F∂pw CZvcokv F∂p-ap-≠v. c≠m-a-

tØXv a¿b-ans‚ aI≥ Cu-km. Ct±-

lsØ Cukm F∂pw tbip F∂pw

]d-bp-∂p-≠v. Cu c≠p \_n-am-sc-°p-

dn®v ]g-b-\n-b-a-Øn-tebpw ]pXn-b-\n-

b-a-Øn-tebpw Nne GSp-I-fn¬, Ah¿

c≠p-t]cpw BIm-i-tØ°v Db-¿Ø-

s∏-´p-sh∂pw Hcp ImeØv `qan-bn¬

Cd-ßn-h-cp-sa∂pw Ah¿ BIm-i-Øp-

\n-∂n-d-ßp-∂Xv \nßƒ ImWp-sa∂pw

hnh-cn-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p. Cu {KŸ-ß-

fn¬ ]d-™n-´p-f-f-Xn\v Hc-f-thmfw

IqSn-°-e¿∂ hm°p-Iƒ lZo-Yp-I-

fnepw ImWmw. ]t£, ss__n-fn¬

tbml-∂m≥ As√-¶n¬ Gen-bmhv

F∂ t]cn¬ hnfn-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂

lZvdØv CZvco-kns\ kw_-‘n®v

C©o-en¬ \evIn -bn -´p -ff hn[n,

kIcnbm-bpsS aI≥ blvbm P\n-®-

ako-lns‚ ]p\-cm-K-a\w

Xukosl admw˛1(D-t±-iy-{]-I-S-\w)

lZvdØv an¿km Kpemw AlvaZv (A)

teJ\w


tXm-Sp-IqSn At±-l-Øns‚ BIm-i-

Øp-\n-∂p-ff hchv kw -̀hn-®n-cn-°p-∂p-

sh-∂m-Wv. lZvdØv akolv hy‡-

amb hm°p -I -fn¬ ]d -bp -∂p,

""\nßƒ°v ]cn-{K-ln-∏m≥ a\- p-s≠-

¶n¬ hcp -hm -\p -ff Gen -bmhv

Ah≥Xs∂.''

AXp-sIm≠v \_n-bpsS Un∏m¿´p-

sa‚ n¬\n∂v BIm-i -Øn¬

t]mbXpw ]ns∂mcp ImeØv hcp-

hm\p-f-f-Xp-amb Hcmƒ AXm-bXv Gen-

bm-hns‚ Xocp-am\w hn[n-°-s∏´p Ign-

™p. ho≠pw Cdßpsa-∂Xns‚

bmYm¿Yyhpw Ah-ÿbpw a\- n-em-

Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. C©o-ens‚ shfn-

®-Øn¬ F√m {InkvXym-\n-I-fp-tSbpw

sFII-WvtTy -\ -bp -ff hnizmkw

BIm-i-Øp-\n∂v Cd-ßp-sa∂v {]Xo-

£n-®n-cp∂ Gen-bmhv, lZvdØv anin-

lm-bpsS ImeØv BIm-i-Øp-\n∂v

Cd-ßn-h-∂p-sh-∂m-Wv. Fß-s\-sb-

∂m¬ kIcn-bm-bpsS hoń¬ AtX

{]Ir-X-tØm-Spw {]tXy-I-X-tbmSpw-IqSn

Hcp aI-\p -≠m-bn. Ahs‚ t]cv

blvbm F∂m-bn-cp-∂p.

F∂m¬, blq-Zn-Iƒ C∂pw At±-

l-Øns‚ Cd°w {]Xo-£n-®n-cn-°p-I-

bm-Wv. Gen-bmhv Xs∂ BIm-i-Øp-

\n∂v Cd-ßp-sa-∂mWv Ah¿ ]d-bp-

∂-Xv. BZyw _bvØp¬ aJvZ-kns‚

an\m-c -ß-fn¬ At±lw Cdßpw.

]n∂oSv blq-Zn-Iƒ kwL-Sn®v GWn-

bn-eqsS At±-lsØ Xmsg Cd-°n-

s°m≠p hcpw. lZvdØv akolv (A)

Gen-bm-hns‚ Cd-°sØ kw_-‘n®v

]d™ hymJym\w blq-Zn-I-tfmSp ]d-

bp-tºmƒ s]s´∂v tIm]m-Ip-e-cmbn

lZvdØv ako-ln-t\bpw A{]-Im-cw-

Xs∂ lZvdØv blvbmtbbpw Ah¿

NoØ ]d-bm≥ XpS-ßp-∂p. B \_n

]d-™-Xns\ Hcp aX-Xym-Kn-bpsS

Nn¥mKXn-bmbn Icp-Xp-∂p. F¥m-

bmepw BIm-i-Øp-\n∂v Cd-ßp-sa-

∂p-ff ]Zw hymJym\w Dƒs°m-f-fp-

∂p-≠v. ako-lns‚ hymJym-\-tØmsS

AXns‚ bmYm¿Yyw {]I-S-am-bn-°-gn-

™p. At±-l-Øns‚ Xs∂ hnh-c-W-

Øm¬ Genbmhv BIm-i-Øp-\n∂v

Cd-ßp-sa-∂-Xns‚ t]cn-ep-ff Ie-l-

ßfpw ]cn-l-cn-°-s∏-´p. Cd-ßp-sa∂v

]d-™Xv, Fß-s\-bmWv Cd-ßpI

F∂ Imcyhpw hy‡-am-°-s∏-´p.

F∂m¬, ako-lns‚ Cd-°sØ

kw_-‘n®v, Ct∏mgpw hfsc Bth-

i-tØm-sS-bmWv hnh-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv;

At±lw taØ-chpw cmP-Io-bhpw

hne-]n-Sn-®-Xp-amb hkv{Xw [cn®v 1 ae-

°p-I-tfm-sSm∏w BIm-i-Øp-\n∂v Cd-

ßp-as{X! F∂m¬, Fhn-sS-bmWv

At±lw Cd-ßpI F∂-Xns\ kw_-

‘n®v Cu c≠p P\-X-Iƒ°pw GtIm-

]n® A`n-{]mb-an-√. BZ-c-Wo-b-amb

a°-bn-tem, AX√ e≠-\nse GsX-

¶nepw {InkvXy≥ tZhm-e-b-Øntem

AX√ tamkvtIm-bnse imln Ieo-

km-bntem? {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ Xß-fpsS

]gb hnizm-k-ßsf A‘-ambn A\p-

I-cn -°p-I-bn-s√-¶n¬, Ah¿ apkv

enwIsf At]-£n®v ako-lns‚

Cd°w, lZvdØv ako-lns‚ hy‡-

amb hm°p-I-fn -ep -ff hnh-c-Ww-

sIm≠v a\- n -em -bn -°-gn -™-Xp -

t]mse, AtX hymJym-\-a-\p-k-cn-

®vXs∂ D≠m-I-W-sa∂v Ah¿°v

s]s´∂v a\- n-em-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv. F¥p-

sIm-s≠-∂m¬ Htc-sbmcp Ah-ÿ-bn-

ep -ff c≠v -Imcyßƒ°v c≠v

hyXykvX A¿Y-ßƒ _m[IamhpI

F∂Xv kw`m-hy-a-√.

Gen-bmhv BIm-iØv \n∂n-d-ßp-

sa-∂-Xns\ kw_-‘n-®p-ff lZvdØv

ako-ln-s‚ hymJym\w bYm¿Y-Øn¬

icn-bm-sW-¶n¬, lZvdØv ako-lns‚

Cd-°sØ kw_-‘n® tI nepw ̨ A-

Xm-sW-¶n¬ B BZy tI ns‚ X\n-

∏-I¿∏p-am-Wv˛ B hymJym-\sØ

ssIs°mt-f-f-≠-Xt√, F∂ Imcyw

A`n-{]mbw {]I-Sn -∏n -°p-∂-h¿°v

Nn¥m¿l-am-bn-´p-f-f-Xm-Wv. GsXmcp

Ah-ÿ-bn¬ Hcp \_n Cu cl-ky-

Øns‚ bmYm¿Yyw ]c-ky-am-°p-

Ibpw {]IrXn \nb-ahpw AXp-Xs∂

B{K-ln-°p-Ibpw AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw

sNøp-tºmƒ B hy‡hpw t\cp-amb

hgnsb Dt]-£n®v Ipg-∏-ap-f-fXpw

Bt£-]m¿l-hp-amb Hcp hgn kz¥-

ambn shń-sØ-fn®v D≠m-°n-sb-Sp-

°pI F∂Xv Fß-s\-bmWv kzoIm-

cy-am-Ip-∂-Xv? ako-lns‚ hnh-c-W-

Øn\v ]q¿W-amb ]n¥pW e`n-°-s∏´

⁄m\n-Ifpw hnizm-kn-I-fp-am-b-h-cpsS

_p≤n as‰-hn-tS-s°-¶nepw Xncn-bptam?

aq∂p h¿j-ßƒ°p-f-fn¬ akolv

BIm-i-Øp-\n-∂n-d-ßp-sa∂ {]hN\w

Ct∂°v ]Øp h¿jw aptº (Cu

{KŸw {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®Xv 1891-̨ -em-sW-∂-

Imcyw Hm¿°p-I) {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ

CwKvfojv ]{X-ßƒ aptJ\ {]kn-≤o-

I-cn®p Ign-™n-´p-≈-Xm-Wv. Ct∏mƒ

A√mlp B Cd-ßp-∂-bm-fns‚ AS-

bmfw \evIn-b-t∏mƒ, G‰-hp-amZyw

At± -lsØ hniz -kn -t°-≠Xv ,

XßƒsNbvX {]h-N-\sØ kzbw

\ntj-[n -°p -∂ -h -cm -Im -Xn -c n -°m -

≥th≠n {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ°v \n¿_-

‘-am-Wv.

lZvdØv akolv Db¿Ø-s∏-́ -Xn-\p-

tijw kz¿K-Øn¬ {]th-in-®p-sh∂v

{InkvXy-m\n -Iƒ hniz -kn -°p-∂p.

eqt°m-kns‚ kphn -ti-j-Øn¬

lZvdØv ako-lp-Xs∂ Hcp If-fs\

kam-[m-\-s∏-SpØn ]d-™p, "C∂p \o

Gt∂m-Sp-IqsS kz¿K-Øn¬ {]th-

in°pw.' (eq-t°mkv 23:43). sNdnb ]Z-

hn-bn-ep-ff Bfm-sW-¶n-epw Hcmƒ

kz¿K-Øn¬ {]th-in-®m¬ ]n∂oSv

AXn¬\n∂v ]pd-Øm-°s∏SpIbn-√

F∂Xv {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS GtIm-]n®

hnizm-k-am-Wv. CtX hnizm-kw-X-s∂-

bmWv apkvenwI-fp-tS-Xpw. A√mlp

hnip≤ Jp¿ -B-\n¬ ]d -bp∂p:

hamlpw an≥lm _nap-Jvd-Po≥ (15:49)AXm-bXv kz¿K-Øn¬ {]th-in-°-s∏-

Sp-∂-h¿ ]n∂oSv AXn¬\n∂v ]pd-Øm-

°-s∏-Sp-I-bn-√. hnip≤ Jp¿-B-\n¬

lZvdØv akolv kz¿K-Øn¬ IS-∂p-

sh∂v hy‡-am-bn´v ]d-™n-ń-s√-¶n-

epw, At±lw acn-®p-t]m-bn-cn-°p-∂p-

sh∂v aq∂v ÿeØv ]d-bp-∂p-≠v.*

]cn-ip-≤m-flm-°ƒ acn-°pI F∂Xpw

kz¿K-Øn¬ {]th-in-°pI F∂Xpw

Htc-sbmcp hn[n°v hnt[-b-ambn´p-≈-

Xm-Wv. F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬ "Joe-ZvJp-en¬ P∂Ø' (36:27), "hZvJpeoP∂Øo' (89:31) F∂o Jp¿-B≥ hN-

1CSp-ßn-bXpw ]‰n-°n-S-°p-∂-Xp-amb ss]Pm-a hc-bp-ff taØcw ]´p-h-kv{Xw, an\p-k-∏´v

hkv{Xw, Ik-hp-\q-ens‚ tNcp-h-tbmsS s\bvsX-SpØ ]´p hkv{Xw, Ik-hp-\qepw ]´p-\qepw

Iqń-°-e¿Øn s\bvX hkv{Xw, kz¿W \qep-sIm≠v s\bvsX-SpØ hkv{Xw, As√-¶n¬

km[m-cW tIm´≥ hkv{Xw, Hmbn¬hkv{Xw, X≥tk-_v, G≥Kv N°≥, Kp¬i≥, a√vhkv{Xw,

he-t]mse Zzmc-ap-ff hkv{Xw, L\w-Ip-d™ akven≥h-kv{Xw, hc-I-fp-ff XpWn-sIm-≠p-≠m-

°nb hkv{Xw, NXp-c-°-f-ß-fp-ff hkv{Xw XpS-ßn-b-h-t]mse tcmaw-sImt≠m ]´p-\q-ep-

sImt≠m \n¿an-®n-´p-ff hkv{X-ßƒ [cn-®p-sIm-≠m-bn-cn°pw At±lw Cd-ßn-h-cnI!! CXv

BIm-iØv BcmWv s\bvX-Xv ? BcmWv Xp∂n-bXv ? F∂-Xns\ kw_-‘n®v apkvenwI-

fn¬\nt∂m {InkvXym-\n-I-fn¬\nt∂m CXp-hsc Bcpw ]d-™p-X-∂n-ń-√.


\-ß-f-\p-k-cn®v Ah¿ H´pw-Xm-a-kn-

bmsX kz¿K-Øn¬ {]th-in-°-s∏-Sp-

∂p. AXm -bXv ssZh-km -ao]yw

{]m]n® ako-ln-s\-t∏m-ep-ff Hcp

hy‡n kz¿K-Øn¬ {]th-in-®-Xn-\p-

tijw AXn¬\n∂v ]pd-Øm-°-s∏-Sp-

∂Xv kw`hy-amtWm F∂ Imcyw

Ct∏mƒ {i≤m-]q¿hw ]cn-tim-[n-®-dn-

tb-≠Xv apkvenwIfpw {InkvXym-\n-I-

fp-amb c≠p Iq´-cp-tSbpw \n¿_‘

IS-a-bm-Wv. A√m-lp-hns‚ kIe

{KŸ-ß-fnepw Bh¿Øn-®m -

h¿Øn®pw kphy-‡-ambpw hmKvZm\w

sNbvXn-´p-ff Imcy-amWv kz¿K-Øn¬

{]th-in-°p-∂-h≥ ]n∂oSv AXn¬

\n∂v ]pd-Øm-°-s∏-Sp-I-bn√ F∂-Xv.

At∏mƒ akolv ho≠pw hcnI

F∂Xv A√m-lp-hns‚ hmKvZm -\-

Øns‚ ewL-\-am-bn-cn-°p-I-bnt√?

al-Ø-chpw JWvUn -X -hp -amb

AØcw hmKvZm\w ewLn°pI

F∂Xv A√m-lp-hns‚ kIe hmKvZm-

\-ß-fp-tS-bpw-ta¬ Hcp i‡-amb

tImfn -f°w krjvSn -°p-I-bnt√?

AØcw hnizmkw sh®p-]p-e¿Øp-

∂Xv ako-ln-s‚-ta¬ A\ym-b-am-bn´v

apko-_Øv hen-®ps-h-°p-sa∂v am{X-

a√ Cu \nc¿Y-I-amb Imcy-ß-fm¬

A√m-lp-hns‚ aln-am-hn-em-k-Øn\v

CSnhp X´p-I-bpw -A-h-t\mSp ImWn-

°p∂ Atß-b-‰sØ A]-a-cym-Z-bp-

ambn-cn-°p-a-Xv.Hcp \n m-c-amb hnizm-

kw-sIm-≠v-˛-tam£w {]m]n-°m-\p-ff

D]-am-e-¶m-c-Øns‚ hgn AXn-ep-≠p-

Xm-\pw˛ henb henb aX-]-c-amb

kXy-ßƒ \nß-fpsS ssIbm¬ acn-

®p -t]m -Ip -∂-Xmb C°m-cysØ

AXoh -{i-≤-tbmSpw AXn-kq-£-va-X-

tbm-Spw-IqSn t\m°n-°m-tW-≠XmWv.

hmkvX-h-Øn¬ Zpjn® Cu Hcp

hnizm-k-Øn¬ Ipg-∏-ß-tfm-Sp-IqSn

Iq´w-Iq-´ -ambn Bbn-c-°-W-°n\v

tZmj-ßƒ]-‰n -t®-¿∂n-cn -°p-Ibpw

FXn-cm-fn-Iƒ°v ]cn-l-kn-°m\pw

A]-l-kn -°m-\p -ap -ff Ah-kcw

ssIh-cn -Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Rm≥

aptºbpw ]d™p Ign-™n-´p-f-f-Xm-

Wv, CØcw Znhym-Zv`p-X-ßƒX-s∂-

bmbncp∂p a°-bnse \ntj-[n-Iƒ

\ΩpsS t\Xmhpw bP-am-\-cp-amb

lZvdØv JmØ-ap¬Aºn-bm- (k)-

tbmSp tNmZn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. AXm-bXv

Xßƒ Im¨sI BIm-iØp Ib-dn-

t∏m-Im\pw Xßƒ Im¨sI Cd-ßn-

h-cm-\qw-X-s∂. Ah¿°v adp-]Sn Inń-

bXv "Jp¬ kp_vlm\ d∫o' (17:94)AXm-bXv AØcw Xpd∂ \ne-bn-

ep≈ Znhy-Zr-jvSm¥w Cu ]co-£-Wm-

e-b-Øn¬ ImWn-°p-Ibpw AZr-iy-]-

c-amb hnizm-k-Øns‚ bp‡nsb

C√m-Xm-°p-Ibpw sNøpI F∂-Xn¬

\n∂v A√m-lp-hns‚ bp‡n`{Z-amb

aln-am-hn-emkw ]cn-ip-≤-am-Wv.

C\n Rm≥ tNmZn-°-s´, \_n-am-

cn¬ t{ijvT-\mb \_n(-k) Xncp-ta-

\n°v ImWn°m≥ ]‰m-ØXpw A√m-

lp-hns‚ \S-]-Sn -Iƒ°v ]pd-Øm-

sW∂v a\- n-em-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-amb

Imcyw lZvdØv ako -ln\v

ImWn°m≥ Ign -bp -∂-sX-ßs\?

\_n(-k) Xncp-ta\n°v sNøm≥ ]‰n√

* êΩm Xh-^v^-bvØ\o Ip≥X A≥X¿d-

Jo_ Aebvlnw (5;118)

h C≥Ωn≥ Alve ¬ In-Xm_n C√m

ebpAvan\-∂-_nlo J_ve auXnlo (4:160)

CZv Jme-√mlp bm Cukm C∂o apX-h-

^vô° h dm^n-D° Ceø (3:56)

F∂p \Ωƒ Icp-Xp∂ Hcp Imcyw

lZvdØv ako-ln\v sNøm≥ Ign-bp-

sa∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv Xn-I™ A]-a-cym-

Z -bm -Wv . kXy -k-‘-\mb Hcp

apk¬am-\n¬\n∂v AØcw A]-a-

cymZ D≠m-Iptam? Hcn-°-ep-an-√. apI-

fn¬]-d-b-s∏´ Cu Nn¥m-KXn Ipd®p

Ime-ambn apkvenwI-fn¬ hym]n-®n-cn-

°p∂p F∂ Imcyhpw hy‡-ambpw

{]I-S--am-Wv. \ΩpsS {KŸ-ß-fnemsW-

¶n¬ ic-nbmb \ne-bn¬ AXns‚ AS-

bm-fw-t]m-ep-an-√. F∂√ lZo-Yp-Isf

sX‰mb coXn-bn¬ a\- n-em-°n-b-

Xns‚ Hcp sX‰mb ̂ e-am-Wn-Xv. AXn-

t\m-sSm∏w Hcp-]mSv ASn-°p-dn-∏p-Ifpw

Fgp-Xn-∏n-Sn-∏n-°-s∏-́ p. sIń-®-a-®p-≠m-

°nb ASn-ÿm-\-c-ln-X-amb Imcy-

ßƒsIm≠v Ah Ae-¶-cn-°-s∏-´p.

bYm¿Y Dt±-iy-Øn-te°v hgn-Im-́ n-bm-

Im-hp∂ F√m Imcy-ßfpw Ah-K-Wn-

°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. CXns\ kw_-

‘n®v Atß-b‰w kv]jvShpw hy‡-

hp-amb lZoYv, Camw apl-ΩZp Ckvam-

bo¬ _pJmcn dlva -Øp -√mln

Aebvln Xs‚ kzlo-ln¬ A_q

lpdbvd (d) s‚ cnhm-b-Ømbn Fgp-

Xnbn´pff-Xm-Wv. AXn-Xm-Wv, IbvÂ≥Xpw CZm \k-e_v\p a¿baô°pw h Cam-ap°pw an≥Ipw AXm-

bXv C_v\p a¿bw \nß-fn¬ Cd-

ßp∂ Znhkw \nß-fpsS Ahÿ

F¥m-bn-cn-°pw. AXm-cmWv? At±lw

\nß-fpsS Xs∂ Hcp Cam-am-bn-cn-°pw.

At±lw \nß-fn¬\n∂v P\n-°p-∂-Xm-

Wv. (Xukolv admw, t]Pv 1˛11)

˛Xp-S-cpw)

hnh: auehn apl-ΩZv Ckvam-bo¬


Ckveman\v DZmc P\m[n]Xyhpambn

tN¿∂p t]mIm\mhptam? Hcp

P\m[n]Xy cmjv{Sob `cWIqSw

\SØns°m≠p t]mIm≥ icoAØv

\nbaßƒ `cW \nbaßfmbn

am‰m≥ ]‰ptam? Cu ASpØ

ImeØv Cu tNmZyßƒ i‡amb

tXmXn¬ D∂bn°s∏´psIm≠ncn

°p∂p. ]m›mXy tZißfnep≈

P\ßƒ AZv`pXs∏Sp∂Xv apkvenw

Iƒ°v klnjvWpX ]pe¿Øm\pw

Hcp _lpkzckaqlØn¬ Pohn°m

\pw km[n°ptam F∂mWv. F√m

hnizmkßfpw kzmKXw sNøs∏Sp

∂ Hcp kaqlhpambn kam[m\]

camb klh¿ØnXzØn¬ Ignbm≥

Ckvemw apkvenwIsf A\phZn°p

tam? ‘Dreaming of a Caliphate’ F∂

t]cn¬ 2011 sk]vXw_¿ 12\ v

{]kn≤oIcn® "C°tWmankv‰n'¬

teJI≥ A`n{]mbs∏Sp∂Xv

"]q¿W hnIknXamb DZmc P\m[n]Xyhpambn (Full-blown Liberal De-mocracy) A\pcRvP\Øn¬h¿Øn

°m≥ Ckveman\v {]bmkIcamWvF∂Xns\ ]‰n Fs¥¶nepw hmZn°pI F∂Xv Hcp ̂ mj\mbn Xo¿∂ncn°p∂p' F∂mWv. a‰p hm°pIfn¬

]d™m¬ IpSpX¬ IqSpX¬

BfpIƒ hnizkn®p hcp∂Xv

Ckveman\v AXmbXv apkvenwIƒ°v

sk°pe¿ AhImißsfbpw kzmX

{¥ysØbpw P\m[n]XysØbpw

_lpkzcXsbbpw ]n¥pW°m≥

km≤ya√ F∂mWv.

CXv DØcw \¬Is∏tS≠

Ckvemans\Xnscbp≈ KpcpXcamb

Hcmtcm]WamWv. C°tWmankv‰n

se Ipdn∏pIƒ {]Imcw Ckvemw

ktμlnIƒ (Islamosceptics) D∂bn

°p∂ Hcp Btcm]Ww Cßs\

bmWv. apkvenwIƒ ]p\cp÷ohn∏n

°m\m{Kln°p∂ Iment^‰v (Caliph-ate) \n›bambpw cmjv{Sob ]›mØ

eap≈XmW.v Hcp BZ¿i `cW

amXrI F∂ \ne°v CkvemanI

temIØv BsI kzm[o\ap≈

aXcmjv{Sob A[nImcØns‚ Ccn∏n

SambmWv apkvenwIƒ Iment^‰ns\

AYhm Jnem^Øns\ ImWp∂Xv.

Aßs\bmsW¶n¬ aX\nct]£

amb P\Iob `cWIqSsØ Hcp

\o°vt]m°v F∂\nebnembncn°pw

apkvenwIƒ Ft∏mgpw IW°m°pI.

Ah¿°p≈ as‰mcp Bi¶, Ckvem

anse in£m\nbasØ ]‰nbpw

IpSpw_ \nbasØ°p dn®pamWv.

Ah kv{Xo]pcpj kaXz Øns‚

en_d¬ Bibßfpambn s]mcpØ

s]´pt]mIptam. A{]Imcw Aapk

venwIfn¬ icoAØv \nbaßƒ

ASnt®¬∏n°s∏Sptam F∂pamWv.

Ckvemans\ kw_‘n®p≈

CØcw k¶¬∏ßfn¬ Nne kwib

ßƒ A¥¿`hn®n´p≠v. AXn¬

BZytØXv Jnem^Øns‚ kz`mh

sa¥mbncn°pw F∂Xns\°pdn

®mW.v AXv cmjv{SobamtWm? AtXm

BXvaobamtWm? aX \nct]£ambn

sXc™Sp°s]´ Hcp Kh¨sa‚n

s‚ A[nImcsØ kw_‘n®v

F¥mWv Ckveman\v ]dbm\p≈Xv?

temI{]ikvXamb Z C°tWmankv‰v (The Economist)amKkn\n¬ h∂ teJ\tØmSp≈ {]XnIcWw

Ckvemw,Utam{Ikn,

Jnem^Øv\Jmjv AlvaZv. bp. Fkv.

& jlvkmZv AlvaZv. bp. sI

teJ\w


kaXzØns‚ DZmc ho£W

ßfpambn Fßs\ Ckvemanse

IpSpw_\nbahpw {Inan\¬ \nbahpw

s]mcpØs∏Sp∂p. Cu tNmZyßƒ

s°√mw Jp¿Bs‚bpw lZokn

s‚bpw ]cnip≤ {]hmNIs‚

amXrIbpsSbpw ASnÿm\Øn¬

kq£vaamb ]T\w \SØn DØcw

Is≠tØ≠nbncn°p∂p. bYm¿Y

Øn¬ Jnem^Øv Hcp BXvaob

ÿm]\amWv. cmjv{Sob ÿm]\a√.

Hcp P\Iob ]cam[nImc `cWIq

SsØ Ckvemw \ntcm[n°mXncn°p

∂p F∂v am{Xa√, hmkvXhØn¬

AXns\ AwKoIcn°pIbpw sNøp

∂p. AXpt]mse HcmfpsS aXw, AXv

hnizkn°mØ as‰mcmfn¬ ASn

t®¬∏n°p∂Xns\ Ckvemw Hcn°

epw AwKoIcn°p∂n√.

Jnem^Øv: cmj{Sobtam?BXvaobtam?

G‰hpw kp{][m\amb tNmZyw

Jnem^Øns‚ bYm¿Y kz`mhsØ

°pdn®p≈XmWv. ]e apkvenwIfpw

AXv t]mse AapkvenwIfpw IcpXp

∂Xv Jnem^Øv F∂Xv tIhew Hcp

BXvaob ÿm]\a√ adn® AXv Hcp

cmjv{Sob ÿm]\amsW∂mWv.

F¥pXs∂bmbmepw CXv Jnem^

Øns\ kw_‘n®p≈ Hcp sX‰n≤mc

WbmWv. CkvemanI Jnem^Øns‚

bYm¿Y A¿Yhpw {]k‡nbpw

F¥msW∂Xns\ ]‰nbp≈ Adnhn

√mbvabn¬ \n∂pw Dcphw sIm≠

XmWv. BcmWv Jeo^? Ad_nbn¬

"Jeo^' F∂ ]ZØn\v ]n≥Kman,

{]Xn\n[n, \nbp‡≥ Fs∂ms°

bmWv A¿Yw. as‰mc¿YØn¬ Hcp

{]hmNIs‚ ZuXy ]p¿ØoIcW

Øn\v At±lØns‚ hntbmKsØ

XpS¿∂v ssZhØm¬ \ntbmKn

°s∏Sp∂ {]Xn\n[n F∂mWv.

Cusbmc¿Y Iev]\ CkvemanI

Jnem^Øn\v th≠n {ian°p∂

temIØnse an° apkvenw kwLS\

IfpsSbpw {iaßsf hrYmhnem°n

°fbp∂p.

ASpØ tNmZyw, F¥mWv

Jnem^Øns‚ ZuXyw F∂mWv. AXv

cmjv{SobamtWm? As√¶n¬ BXvao

bamtWm? ssZhØns‚ {]hmN

I∑m¿ tZißƒ ]nSns®Sp°mt\m

tZimXn¿ØnIƒ hnIkn∏n°mt\m

`cWIqSw ÿm]n°mt\m A√

hcp∂Xv. ]Icw Ah GI ssZhmcm

[\ ÿm]n°m\pw P\ ßsf

BXvaobhpw [m¿anIhpambn

PmKcs∏SpØm\pamWv hcp∂Xv.

hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ hfsc hy‡ambn

{]hmNI \ntbmKØns‚ e£yw

hniZoIcn°p∂p: "\nßƒ°v \ΩpsS

kp‡ßƒ HmXnt°ƒ∏n°pIbpw

\nßsf kwkv°cn°pIbpw \nßƒ

°v {KŸhpw ⁄m\hpw ]Tn∏n®p

XcnIbpw \nßƒ apºv Adn™nń

√mØ Imcyßƒ \nßsf Adnbn°p

Ibpw sNøp∂ \nßfn¬ \n∂p≈

Hcp ZpXs\ \nßfn¬ \ntbmKn®Xv

t]mse'(2:152)

{]hmNI∑mcpsSbpw A{]Imcw

AhcpsS JeoâmcptSbpw ZuXyw

ssZhØns‚ ZrjvSm¥ßƒ hnhcn

°pIbpw P\ßsf ip≤oIcn°pI

bpw kwkv°cn°pIbpw aXsØ°p

dn®v Ahsc ]Tn∏n°pIbpw sNøpI

F∂XmWv. Ahcn¬ hnthIw

D≠m°pI hgn AhcpsS [m¿anI

\nehmcsØ {]hmNI≥ Db¿Øp

∂p. Cu DØchmZnXzßƒ \ndth

‰m≥ {]hmNI\v Hcp cmjvSØn

s‚tbm cmjv{Sobm[nImc Øns‚

tbm Bhiyan√. t]m∏n\vt]mepw

tImSn°W°n\v ItØmen°sc

\bn°m≥ cmjv {Sobm[nImcØns‚

Bhiyans√∂ncns° lrZbsØ

AKm[ambn kzm[o\n°m≥ Ignbp∂

Ckvemw aXØn\v AXns‚ Bhiy

sa¥v? Jeo^bn¬ \n∂v cmjv{Sobm

[nImcw FSpØpam‰m≥ Ignbn√

F∂v ]d™psIm≠v Nne¿ CXns\

FXn¿°p∂p. tNmZyw CXmWv. Hcp

Jeo^°v cmjv{Sobm[nImcw

Bhiyapt≠m? hnip≤ Jp¿Bs‚

]T\Øn¬ \n∂v cmjv{Sobm[nImcw

thWsa∂v hy‡amhp∂n√. F√m‰n

\pw ]pdta tbip Hcp {]hmNI\mbn

cp∂p. At±lØn∂v cmjv{Sobm[n

Imcw D≠mbncp∂n√. a°m PohnX

ImeL´Øn¬ apkvenIfpsS

BXvaob t\Xmhmbncp∂ dkq¬

Xncpta\n(k)°v cmjv{Sobm[n

Imcap≠mbncp∂n√. cmjv{Sobm

[nImcw ]nSns®Sp°m≥ At±lw Hcp

{iahpw sNbvXn√. lZvdØv Aen

(d)bpsS ImeØv Aao¿ apBhn

bmbpsS ssIIfnembncp∂p kIe

A[nImcßfpw tI{μoIcn®ncp∂Xv.

F¶n¬ t]mepw lZvdØv Aen (d)

Bbncp∂p apkvenwIfpsS BXvaob

t\Xmhv . Jeo^°v tIhew

cmjv{Sobm[nImcw thWsa∂v

\n¿_‘an√ F∂Xn\v \nch[n

sXfnhpIƒ CkvemanI Ncn{XØn

ep≠v. Jeo^°v cmjv{Sobm[n

Imcans√¶n¬ t]mepw apkvenwIƒ

hnizkn°p∂Xv A[nImcw At±l

Øn¬ \n£n]vXambncn°Ww

F∂mWv. Ckvemans\ kw_‘n®v

kq£va ]T\w a\ nem°nØcp∂Xv

Ckveman\v en_d¬ Utam{Ikn

kzoIcn°msa∂v am{Xa√ bYm¿Y

Øn¬ Ckvemw CjvSs∏Sp∂Xpw

AXmWv.

Ckvemw,Utam{Ikn, en_denkwcmjv{S `cWsØ kw_‘n®pw

`cW kwhn[m\sØ kw_‘n®pw

Ckveman¬ F¥mWv ]dbp∂Xv?

BZyambn AXv P\m[n]XyØns‚

apJy D]m[nsb AwKoIcn°p∂p.

AXmbXv P\ßƒ°v Ah¿

Pohn°p∂ cmPyØv A`n{]mb

k z m X { ¥ y a p ≠ m b n c n ° W w

F∂XmWv B D]m[n.

‘AhcpsS Imcyßƒ Ah¿

]ckv]cw IpSnbmtemNn°pw ’ (42:40)ChnsS ]ckv]cw IqSnbmtemN

\°mWv Du∂¬ \¬Inbn°p∂Xv.

hmkvXhØn¬ CXt√ P\m[n

]XyØns‚ aqem[mcw. thm´ v

tcJs∏SpØpI F∂Xv Xs∂ Hcp

XcØnep≈ ]ckv]c IqSnbmtem

N\bmWv. GsXmcp cmjv{SØn\pw

Ckvemw c≠v XcØnep≈ am¿K

\n¿tZißƒ \¬Ip∂p. H∂maXmbn

P\ßtfmSv Ah¿°v \¬Is∏´

DØchmZnXzsØ°pdn®v t_m[

hm∑mcmbncn°Wsa∂v Hcp hiØv

]dbp∂p.

"\n›bambpw A√mlp Aam\

ØpIƒ AXns‚ AhIminIƒ°v

G¬∏n°Wsa∂v \nßtfmSv Iev]n

°p∂p. P\ßƒ°nSbn¬ \nßƒ

hn[nIev]n°ptºmƒ \nßƒ \oXn

]p¿hw hn[n Iev]nt°Ww. A√mlp

\nßtfmSv D]tZin°p∂sXt¥m

AXv G‰hpw DØaambXmIp∂p.

\n›bambpw A√mlp hfsc

tIƒ°p∂h\pw \√Xv t]mse

ImWp∂h\pamIp∂p.'(4:59)

P\m[n]XyØnse GsXmcp

sXcs™Sp∏v {]{Inbbpw hnizmk

Ønepw kXyk‘Xbnepa[njvTn

Xambncn°pw. thm´¿°v Gev]n

°s∏´ DØchmZnXzw, hnizkvX

XtbmsS G¬∏n°s∏´ apX¬


(Aam\Øv) t]msebmWv. Abmƒ

ssZhtØmSv AXn\v DØcw ]dbm≥

_m≤yÿ\mW.v AXn\m¬ Abmƒ

G‰hpw A\ptbmPy\mb Bsf

A[nImcÿm\tØ°v Xncs™Sp

t°≠Xp≠v. ChnsS Hcp Imcyw

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apkvenans\ Xncs™Sp° Wsa∂√

Cu hN\Øn¬ ]dbp∂Xv. ]Icw

GsXmcmfmtWm Hcp ÿm\tØ°v

tbmKy\mbXv AbmfpsS aX

hnizmkw ]cnKWn°msX Abmsf

Xncs™Sp°W sa∂mWv. {]k‡

amb tNmZyanXmWv. bYm¿Y kXyw

CXmsW¶n¬ F¥v sIm≠mWv

hfsc Ipd®v am{Xw CkvemanI

cmPyßfn¬ P\m[n]Xyw? DZmc

P\m[n]XyØns‚ Imcyw \ap°v

X¬°mew hnSmw. P\m[n]Xy

sØ]‰ntemI hym]Iambn \nco£

Ww \SØp∂ {ôUw lukv (Free-dom House) F∂ kwLS\sb

D≤cn®v sIm≠v C°tWmankv‰nse

teJ\Øn¬ ]dbp∂Xv apkvenw

`qcn]£ap≈ aq∂v cmPyßfn¬

am{Xta P\m[n]Xyap≈q F∂mW.v

C°tWmankv‰ v D≤cn°p∂

P\m[n]Xyw A\phZn°p∂ cmPyß

fn¬ s]´XmWv Ct¥mt\jy F∂Xv

AZv`pXIcamWv. apJy[mcm apkvenw

IfpsS aXhnizmkhpambn hyXykvX

coXnbn¬ Ckvemans\ hymJym\n

°p∂ AlvaZnIsf aXhnizmk

Øns‚ t]cn¬ \njvTqcambn ASn®p

sIm∂Xv Ct¥mt\jybn¬ sh®mWv.

IncmXamb Cu IrXyw AhKWn®p

sIm≠v Xs∂ ta¬]d™ ÿnXn

hnhc°W°ns‚ ASnÿm\Øn¬

Ckvemw P\m[n]Xyhpambn kack

s∏´pt]mIptam F∂ Kuchamb

Nn¥bnte°v Hcmƒ B\bn°s∏Sp

∂p.

Hcp km¿hP\o\ aXØn\v

th≠ F√m khntijXIfpw

Ckveman\p≠v. F√mhn[ kaqlß

ƒ°pw Ckvemw Ah¿°v th≠Xv

\¬Ip∂p. AXmbXv hnhn[

kaqlßƒ°v hnhn[ XcØnep≈

`cW hyhÿIfmWv Ahiyambn´p

≈Xv. hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ \nch[n

cmjv{Sob `cW hyhÿIsf

kw_‘n®v ]dbp∂p. AlvaZnøm

apkvenw PamAØns‚ \memw

Jeo^ lZvdØv an¿km Xzmln¿

AlvaZ v (1928˛2003) C{]Imcw

hnhcn°p∂p:

‘hnip≤ Jp¿Bs‚ ASnÿm\Øn¬ P\ßƒ Ah¿°v A\ptbmPyamb GsXmcp `cW hyhÿbpwAhcpsS kaqlØns‚ ]mcºcyss]XrIØn\\pkcn®v P\m[n]Xyw,cmPm[n]Xyw, tKm{Xobw, ^ypU¬F∂o `cW{Iaßƒ Xncs™Sp°m\p≈ kzmX{¥yap≠v. `cWhyhÿIƒ AhcpsS kaqlßƒ°\pkrXambn kzoIcn°mhp∂XmWv.

F¥pXs∂bmb n c p∂me p whnip≤ Jp¿B≥ P\m[n]XyamWvIqSpX¬ CjvSs∏Sp∂Xv. apkvenwItfmS v P\m[n]Xyw kzoIcn°m\mWv D]tZin°s∏ń´p≈Xv.AXv ]›mXy P\m[n]Xy ssienA∏msS ]I¿ØpI F∂ A¿YØne√.1

Hcp `cW{IaØn¬ P\m[n]Xy

an√mXncn°pIbpw P\ßfpsS

AwKoImcw AXn\p≠mhpIbpw

sNøp∂p. AhnsS At∏mgpw

P\ßfnemWv A[nImcw \n£n]vX

ambncn°p∂Xv F∂ Imcyw {i

t≤bamWv. hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ Hcp

hn[Ønep≈ `cW k{ºZmbßsf

bpw A]e]n°p∂n√. F∂ncp∂m

epw Hcp amXrIm `cW{Iaw F∂

\nebn¬ AXv P\m[n]XysØbmWv

G‰hpw CjvSs∏Sp∂Xv. Hcp `cW

hyhÿbn¬ kmaqlnIhpw kmº

ØnIhpamb LSIßfmWv \n¿Wm

bIambn´p≈Xv. C°tWmankv‰nse

teJ\w Np≠n°mWn°p∂Xv t]mse

Cu c≠v LSIßfmWv ImXemb

]¶v hln°p∂Xv. Cu A¿YØn¬

km£cXbpw kºØpw Ipd™ a‰p

P\m[n]Xy `cWIqSßfnep≈Xv

t]msebp≈ {]iv\ßƒ Xs∂bmWv

apkvenw cmPyßfpw ]¶nSp∂Xv.

]t£ A[nIambp≈ {]iv\w

auehnamcpw ap√amcpw cmjv{Sobm[n

Imcw ssIbnseSpØv aXm[nImc

Øns‚ IpØI ÿm]n°m≥

{ian°p∂p F∂XmWv. hnip≤ Jp¿

Bs\bpw lZokns\bpw ]‰n

BgØn¬ Nn¥n°mXncn°pIbpw

P\ßƒ \nc£ccmbncn°pIbpw

sNøp∂ Ahÿbn¬ Cu aXhXv

°cWw G‰hpw Ffp∏Øn¬ \S°p

∂p, AXp sIm≠mWv lZvdØv

an¿km Xzmln¿(dlv)FgpXnbXv.

s]mXpP\ßƒ Bib°pg∏Øn

emWv. \nßfpsS cmjv{Sob {]IS\

]{XnI°v cq]w \¬Im\pw am¿K

Z¿i\w \¬Im\pw \nßƒ ssZhØn

s‚bpw dkq¬ Xncpta\n (k)bpsS

bpw hN\sØbmtWm CjvSs∏Sp

∂Xv? AX√ ssZhclnXhpw

ssZh`ban√mØhcpamb BfpIsf

bmtWm CjvSs∏Sp∂Xv?2

(XpScpw)

Review of Religions Dec: 2011(hnh: F.Fw.)

{KŸ kqNn.1Hadrath Mirza Tahir Ahmad (rh) Islam’sResponse to Cotemporary Issues p. 2302.Ibid. p. 236

\nt∂mSp≈ A\pkcW {]Xn⁄ sNøp∂h≥ Xo¿®bmbpw

A√mlphnt\Sv Xs∂bmWv A\pkcW {]Xn⁄ sNøp∂Xv.

A√mlhns‚ ssI AhcpsS ssIIƒ°v taep≠v. AXn\m¬

h√h\pw (B {]Xn⁄ ewLn°p∂Xmbm¬ Ahs‚ kz¥w

BXvamhnt\Sv sNbvX Icmdns\ h√h\pw ]q¿Ønbm°p

∂Xmbm¬ Ah\v A√mlp alØmb {]Xnêw \¬Ip

∂XmWv.

A\pkcW {]Xn⁄


tI´ v ]gInb Hcp IYbmWv

CsXgpXm\ncn°ptºmƒ kvarXn ]Y

Ønte°v HmSn hcp∂Xv. ap¥ncn°p

e°v th≠n NmSnb kq{Ximenbmb

Ipdp°≥ F{X {ian®n´pw AXv

I n ´ p I b n s √ ∂ p d ∏ m b t ∏ m ƒ

]pfn°p∂ ap¥ncn B¿°v thWw

F∂v ]d™p Xncn®p t]mb IY.

Xßƒ°v A{]m]yambsX¥pw

\ntj[n°pI F∂ [m¿jvSyw

B[p\nI a\pjys‚ kz`mhamWv.

BImiØn\v Xmsgbp≈ F√mImcy

ßƒ°pw B[nImcnIambn ^Xvh

\¬Im≥ Xßƒ°v am{XamWv

AhImiw F∂ anYym[mcW Nne

] fi n X ∑ m ¿ s ° ¶ n e p a p ≠ v .

IÆS®ncp´m°p tºmgp≠mIp∂

Xmf∏ngIfpw A]{`wißfpw

C°q´¿s°mcp {]iv\as√∂v tXm∂p

∂p. CuønsS tImgnt°mSn\SpØv

im¥]pcØv \S∂ A°mUan°v

tIm¨^d≥kn¬ Aivd^v Iogv]

dºv F∂ PamAsØ Ckveman

]WvUnX≥ Jnem^Øv kw_‘n®v

AhXcn∏n® {]_‘hpw tUm:

bqkp^p¬ J¿Zmhn, auem\m auZqZn

XpSßnbhcpsS X¬hnjb kw_

‘nbmb A`n{]mbßfpw ta¬

]d™ Ipdp°s‚ \n lmbXbpw

PmfyXbpw {]ISam°p∂hbmWv.

hnip≤ Jp¿B\pw Xncp\_n

(k)bpsS hN\ßfpw X¿°hnX¿

°ßƒ°nSwsImSp°m≥ IgnbmØ

hn[w BtKmfapkvenw t\XrXzsØ

kw_‘n® hnjbw hy‡am

°nbXmWv. dkq¬ Xncpta\n(k)

bpsS hntbmKØn\v tijw Jpe^m

D¿dminZbpsS Jnem^Øv \nehn¬

h∂p. ]n∂oSv Jnem^Øn\v ]e

KXnhyXnbm\ßfpw \ndt`Zßfpw

h∂p. 1920 ImeL´w hsc a÷bpw

amwkhpw \jvSs∏´ Ahÿbn

emsW¶n¬t∏mepw apkvenw kaql

Øn¬ Jnem^Øn\p≠mbncp∂

ÿm\w AZznXobhpw A\ntj[y

hpambncp∂p. ]n∂oSXv Fs∂t∂°p

ambn apkvenw temIØn\v \jvSambn.

apkvenw kaqlØn¬ AXp≠m°nb

{]XymLmXßƒ hºn®Xmbncp∂p.

Jnem^Øv ]p\xÿm]\Øn\v \nch

[n {iaßfp≠msb¶nepw AXp

ÿm]nXambn√. C∂v A¥¿tZiob

apkvenw kaqlw hnKX {]Xm]

Øns‚ Cu ZpxJkvarXnbn¬ hnem]

ßƒ s]mgn®v \odnIgnbpIbmWv

F∂XmWv bmYm¿Yyw. Ct∏mƒ

Hmtcm {]ÿm\hpw Ah\hs‚

XØzimkv{Xhpw kwLS\Ifpambn

cwKØv h∂ncn°pIbmWv. Ckvemw

kºq¿W aXamWv, GXv ImetØ°p

ap≈ {]mtbmKnI PohnX ]≤Xn

AXn\ps≠¶n¬ AXv {]mtbmKn

IhXv°cn°p∂Xn¬ ]cmPbw

kw`hn°pI F∂Xv Kuchamb

{]iv\at√?. Ccp]Xmw \q‰m≠ns‚

BZy ZiIßfnseØptºmtg°pw

Jnem^Øv C√mXmsb¶n¬ temIm

\p{Klnbmb {]hmNI\v sX‰p

]‰nsb∂v kΩXnt°≠n hcpw. Hcp

thf ssZhw Xs∂ {]hmNI\v

\¬Inb hmKvZm\w ]men®n√ F∂v

]dtb≠n hcpw (\DuZp _n√mlv).

hmkvXhØn¬ bYm¿Y ssZhnI

Jnem^Øv `qanbn¬ ssZhw ÿm]n

®t∏mƒ cmPhmgvNbn e[njvTn Xhpw

Aÿn]RvPchpamb ]mcºcy

Jnem^Øv Xntcm`hn°pIbmbncp

∂p. ssZh `bap≈h¿°v Cu

bmYm¿Yyw Ffp∏Øn¬ Xncn®dn

bmhp∂XmWv. ssZhØns‚ klmb

lkvXw AXn\v aosX XWenSptºmƒ

AXns\ t\m°n \wdqZnb≥ ]cn

lmkØns‚ Zwjv{Sßƒ ImWn®v

ssZhnI hN\ßsf kzbwIrX

hymJym\ßƒ°pw Kth jWßƒ

°pw hnt[bam°ptºmƒ e£y

Øn¬ \n∂v ]ns∂bpw ]ns∂bpw

AI∂p t]mIp∂ {Iqcamb hn[n

Ahsc ImØncn°p∂p.

Jeo^ F∂Xv Hcp {]tXyI

hyIvXnbne[njvTnXambncn°ns√∂pw

a\pjy h¿KamWv AXv sIm≠p

t±in°p∂sX∂pw ta¬ ]d™

{]_‘Imc≥ ]dbp∂p. c≠maXv

AXp sIm≠p≈ hnh£ \n¿WnX

KpWhntijßƒ B¿Pn® Hcp

kaqlsØ°pdn®msW∂pat{X.

kmμ¿`nIambn N¿® sNøs∏´p

sIm≠ncn°p∂ hnip≤ Jp¿B\n

se Jeo^ AYhm Jnem^Øv

B[p\nI a\pjyIpeØn\v t\Xr

Xzw sImSpt°≠Xv Jeo^ ˛ Camw ˛

Aaodp¬ apAvan\o≥ F∂o

hntijßfp≈ hy‡nXzamWv. hn.

Jp¿B≥ 38˛mw A≤ymbw 27˛mw

hN\Øn¬ ]dbp∂p: ‘ZmhqtZ, \mw\ns∂ `qanbn¬ Jeo^bm°nbncn°p∂p. . . . . ’ ChnsS F{X hy‡

ambmWv hy‡nsb ({]hmNIs\)

Jeo^ F∂v A√mlp hntijn

∏n®ncn°p∂Xv. PamAsØ Ckveman

bpsS ÿm]I t\Xmhpw Aivd^n

s‚ Kpcphpamb auem\m auZqZn

Xs‚ ‘ Jnem^Øpw cmPhmgv®bpw’F∂ {KŸØn¬ ]dbp∂p: ‘Cu\q‰m≠n¬ apkvX^m Iam¬ Jnem^Øns\ XI¿°p∂Xv hscbpwbmsXmcnf°hpw X´msX AXvXpS¿∂v h∂p.’ (IPH {]kn≤oIcWw,

t]Pv . 123) ho≠pw ]dbp∂p. ‘Jnem^Øv Hcp cmjv{Sob kwhn[m\w am{Xambncp∂n√, \p_pΔØns‚ {]mXn\n[yw AXn\p

B ap¥ncn B¿°v thWw ?

dkq¬ Xncpta\n(k) {]hNn® ssZhoI Jnem^Øv {]Xy£cw

ÿm]nXambn´pw AXv {i≤n°msX Abp‡nIhpw ]cnlmkyhpamb

\ymbßƒ \ncØn AXns\ hymPs∏SpØp∂ ]finX∑mcpsS

hmZßsf]‰n.

Pemep±o≥ I¬t]\n

teJ\w


≠mbncp∂p. (AtX ]pkvXIw,t] 75)

temI{]ikvX ]finX≥ tUm.

bqkp^p¬ J¿Zmhn Xs‚ apkvenw

sFIyw km[pXbpw km[yXbpw

F∂ ]pkvXIØn¬ FgpXp∂p:

‘`n∂n°ptºmƒ P\ßƒ Jeo^tbmSv hn[n tXSpIbmbncp∂p ]Xnhv.At±lØns‚ hn[ntbmsS `n∂XXocpw. C∂v Jeo^bn√t√m(BXvaob angnIfn√mØh¿°vJeo^sb ImWm≥ Ignbp∂ns√∂vam{Xw˛ teJI≥). Hcp JmZnsbIs≠ØpIbpw {]iv\w At±lØn\v apºn¬ AhXcn∏n°pIbpwsNøpI F∂Xmbncn°pw apkvenwIƒ°nt∏mƒ A`nImayw. hn[nXo¿∏n\v kwhn[m\ans√¶n¬ `n∂n∏vIqSpX¬ `n∂n∏v krjvSn°pIbmbncn°pw sNøpI. ’(IPH {]kn≤o

IcWw. t]Pv 150)

PamAsØ CkvemanbpsS

{]kn≤oIcWmebamb IPH {]kn≤o

Icn® {]ikvX ]finX∑mcpsS

{]kvXpX {KŸßfnse D≤cWn

Ifn¬\n∂v Xs∂ hy‡amhp∂Xv

hnip≤ Jp¿B\n¬ ]cma¿in°

s∏´Xpw apkvenw temIØn\mhiy

hpamb t\XrXz]ZhnbmWv Jeo^

F∂p hy‡amWt√m. tUm:

bqkp^p¬ J¿Zmhn FgpXnbXv

t]mse apkvenwIƒ `n∂n°ptºmƒ

Jeo^tbmSv hn[n tXSnbncp∂Xpw

AXv F√mhcpw AwKoIcn°m\p

≠mb ImcWhpw Jeo^°v apkvenw

kapZmbØn¬ A{]amZnXzw D≈Xv

sIm≠mWt√m. ]t£ Aßs\

sbmcp Jeo^bn√mØ ÿnXn°v

JmZnbmbmepw aXn F∂ ]dbp∂

Xnse bp‡n lo\Xbpw hnUvVn

Xzhpw H∂mtemNn®pt\m°pI. JmZn

A∂pw, C∂pw F∂pap≠v. JmZnb√

Jeo^bmWv hn[n \¬tI≠Xv F∂v

A√mlp ]dbptºmƒ Jeo^bns√

¶n¬ JmZnbmbmepw aXnsb∂v

]dbp∂Xv F{X ]cnlmkyamWv.

A√mlp Hcp Jeo^sb \n›bn°m

Xncn°m≥ am{Xw F¥v sX‰mWv

Xßfnep≈Xv F∂v BXvahniIe\w

\SØn sX‰pXncpØm≥ {ian°p∂

Xn\v ]Icw XßfpsS ]mfinXy

Øn¬ Du‰w sIm≈p∂Xv sIm≠v

B¿°v F¥v t\ámWv D≠mhpI?

Jeo^bns√¶n¬ hn[n Xo¿∏n\v

JmZnbmbmepw aXn F¶n¬ F{X

Ffp∏ØnemWv {]iv\w ]cnlcn

°pI. BtKmf apkvenwIƒ°v hn[n

Xo¿∏n\mbn Hcp JmZnsb Bhiy

ap≠v F∂v ]{XØn¬ ]ckyw

sImSpØm¬ At]£IcpsS _mlp

eyw BtemNn®p t\m°q. CXn¬

\n∂pw Hcmsf sXcs™SpØp F∂p

sh°pI. Im¥]pcw apkenbm¿

sNdpt»cnsb AwKoIcn°ptam?

aShp¿ auehnsb F. ]n. A_vZpƒ

JmZn¿ auehn AwKoIcn°mØXv

t]mse PamØvImcs\ apPmlnZpIƒ

kzoIcn°mØXv t]mse {]iv\w

{]iv\ambn Xs∂ \ne\n¬°pw.

auem\m kZvdp±o≥ Ckvemln

Xs‚ ‘Ckvemapw kwLSnX PohnX

hpw’ F∂ {KŸØn¬ FgpXp∂p.

anivImØnse Hcp lZokv D≤cn°p

∂Xv ImWpI. dkq¬ (k)s‚hntbmKm\¥cw A_q_°¿ (d)kzlm_nIsf kwt_m[\ sNbvXpsIm≠v ]d™p: Adn™p sIm≈pI,Xo¿®bmbpw aplΩZv \_n (k)acWs∏ńcn°p∂p. Cu Zo\n\vAXns‚ Imcyßƒ hln°m≥ Hcphy‡n A\nhmcyamWv.’ ( IPH{]kn≤oIcWw. t]Pv.116)

ChnsS hy‡n F∂Xv tIhew

Hcp hy‡n F∂ [cn®pIqSm.

apkvenwIfn¬ On{ZXbn√msX H∂n®v

IqSn Ckvemans\ apt∂m´v sIm≠v

t]mIm≥ Ignbp∂ Hcmfmbncn°Ww.

ssZhnI klmbw D≈ Hcmfmbncn

°Ww. ImcWw dkq¬ Xncpta\n

(k)bpsS A`mhØn¬ Xncpta\n°v

]Icap≈ hy‡n km[mcW°mc≥

am{Xambncn°mhX√t√m. AXp

sIm≠mWt√m klm_m°ƒ A_q

_°dn (d) s\ B hy‡n (Jeo^

bmbn)bmbn Xncs™SpØXv. ]n∂oSv

A√mlphns‚ klmb lkvXw

At±lØn\pta¬ D≠mbncp∂p.

Jpe^m D¿dminZoßƒ Xncs™Sp

°s∏´ hy‡nIƒ Bbncp∂p ht√m.

Ime{ItaW {]Imiw tNm¿∂p

t]mIpIbpw 1900˛mam≠v Ignbp

tºmtg°pw XnI®pw Ccp´v XpSßp

Ibpw sNbvXt∏mƒ B ]cºc°p≈

ssZhnIklmbw \n¬°pIbpw

\_n(k)bpsS {]Xn ]pcpj\pw

JmØap¬ Jpe^mbpambn ]Icw

`panbn¬ Jnem^Øv ÿm]nX

ambn°gn™t∏mƒ AXns‚

CSapdnbmØ XpS¿® kXyhnizm

knIƒ IÏpfn¿s° I≠v

kzoIcn°pIbpw, kz¥w Ignhn¬

Du‰w sIm≠v Al¶cn®p \n¬°p

∂h¿ ImWmsX \´w XncnbpIbpw

sNøp∂Xns‚ DZmlcWamWv

Ct∏mƒ ImWp∂Xv.

Jpe^mD¿dminZpamsc ]cma¿

in®p sIm≠v Aivd^ns‚ {]_‘w

XpScp∂p..... ‘AXv Hcp Ncn{Xm\p`hhpw(Historical Experiance) a\pjy{]bXv\hpw (Humen Endeavor)BIp∂p F∂mW.v IpSmsX ‘Jeo^‘Jnem^Øv ’XpSßnb t]cpIƒ°vaX]camb ]hn{XXIfn√. `cWm[nImcnIƒ°pw `cW{IaØn\pwA°me°m¿ B t]cv D]tbmKn®pFt∂bp≈p F∂v ]d™ At±lw

{]hmNIXzØns‚ ]mXbn¬ (Aem

an≥lmPn≥ \p_pΔ:) Jnem^Øv

hcm≥ t]mIp∂p F∂v AlvaZv

D≤cn® hN\w Zp¿_e \nthZ\

t{iWntbmsS D≤cn°∏´XmWt{X

F∂p {]kvXmhn°p∂p. XßfpsS

]mcºcy hnizmkßsf tNmZyw

sNøp∂ hN\ßfmsW¶n¬ AXn\v

Zp¿_e \nthZI t{iWn AYhm

fbo^v BsW∂v sh°pI. ]t£

AXv {]Xy£Øn¬ h≈n ]p≈n

sX‰msX ]n∂oS v ]pe¿∂p

ImWptºmƒ fbo^v F∂p ]d™

a°bn¬ F{Xsb{X am\y

∑m¿, ]finX∑m¿ Ipeo\

∑m¿ Ch¿s°m∂pw {]hm

NI ]Zhn sImSp°msX

AßmSnbn¬ IqSn \S°p

∂, BSv ta®pw ]ns∂ I®

hSw sNbvXpw \S∂ncp∂

k m [ m c W ° m c n e p w

k m [ m c W ° m c \ m b n

A\mY\mbn hf¿∂ Cu

aplΩZn\mtWm ssZhw

{]hmNIXz ]Zhn \¬Ip

I F∂v Al¶cn®v \S∂

Xn\m¬ kXyw Is≠

Øm≥ IgnbmsX t]mbn


KthjI\v ]‰nb sX‰mbn IW

°m°n B lZokv AwKoIcn°p

Ibt√ _p≤n. ChnsS F{X

kpμcambmWv lZokv ]pe¿∂p

h∂n´p≈Xv. a\pjyIcßƒ°v

Hcn°epw km[yamhmØ XnI®pw

ssZhnIamb Hcp kwhn[m\w

]p\xÿm]nXambXv ImWptºmƒ

AXns\ hn\b]q¿hw AwKoIcn

°m\p≈ `b`‡n {]ISam°p

IbmWv Hcp kXyhnizmkn

{]Yaambn sNtø≠Xv. Jnem^Øv

Ncn{Xm\p`hhpw a\pjy {]h¿Ø

\hpw BsW¶n¬ ‘F\n°v tijwJnem^Øp¿dminZ 30 h¿jwXpScpsa∂pw ]n∂oSv Jnem^Øns‚t]cn¬ ISpØ cmPhmgv® \nehn¬hcpsa∂pw \_n(k) ]dbpIbpwAtX]Sn ]pecpIbpw (l:Aen(d)iloZmbXv \_n(k)bpsShntbmKØns‚ 30˛mw h¿jØnembncp∂p.) sNbvXp. ’(Jnem^Øpw

cmPhmgv ®bpw˛auem\m auZqZn t]Pv

287) F¥vsIm≠v ChnsS C{X

hy‡ambn \_n (k)bpsS Hcp

hN\w ]pe¿∂pImWp∂Xv. CXv

tIhew Hcp Ncn{Xm\p`hhpw a\pjy

{]bXv\hpw am{Xambncp∂psh∂v

B¿°v ]dbm≥ Ignbpw?. CsXms°

Zp¿_ew F∂v ]d™v X≈p∂

hcpsS sXmen°ń A]mcsa∂√msX

F¥p ]dbm≥? ssZh`bhpw

_p≤n]camb kXyk‘Xbpw

D≠mbncp∂psh¶n¬ teJI≥

Cßs\ FgpXn√mbncp∂p. IjvSw!

BXvaob iq\yamb ipjv° ]mfin

XyØn¬ Du‰w sIm≈p∂ teJI≥

kXyw {Klns®¶n¬.

hn. Jp¿B\nse 24˛mw A≤ymbw

56˛mw hN\w t]mep≈ JfinX

hN\ßsfbpw (aplv°amØv)

AXn\pt]m¬_eIamb XncphN\

ßtfbpw hnkvacn°m\p≈ [m¿jvSyw

A]mcsat∂ ]dbmhq. ‘\nßfn¬

\n∂v hnizkn°pIbpw k¬°¿a

ßf\pjvTn°pIbpw sNøp∂htcmSv

Ah¿°v apºp≈hsc Jeoâmcm

°nbXv t]mse (aqkm(A),

Cukm(A)) F∂nh¿°v Jeoâmcp

≠mbXv t]mse, Xo¿®bmbpw

Ahscbpw ̀ qanbn¬ Jeoâmcm°p

Ibpw. . F∂ BbØn\v

hniZoIcWambn anivImØn¬

D≤cn® lZokns\bmWv {]_‘

Imc≥ Zp¿_ew F∂v ]d™Xv.

\nßfn¬ A√mlp CNvOn°p∂n

StØmfw Imew \p_pΔØv \ne

\n¬°pw ]ns∂ AXns\ FSpØ

Ifbpw. ]ns∂ A√mlp CNvOn°p

t∂StØmfw Imew \p_pΔØv

\ne\n¬°pw. ]ns∂ AXns\ FSp

ØpIfbpw. ]n∂oS v ]cp°≥

GIm[n]Xy tkzNvOm[n]Xy `cW

ap≠mIpw. AXpw FSpØp If™

tijw \p_pΔØns‚ am¿KØn

ep≈ (Aem an≥lmPn≥ \p_pΔ:)

Jnem^Øv ÿm]nXamhp∂Xm

sW∂pw ]d™p \_n(k) au\w

Ahew_n®psh∂pw lZokn¬

]dbp∂p. CXv A\ntj[yamw hn[w

A£cw {]Xn]pe¿∂p Ign™XmWv.

AXwKoIcn°m≥ ssZh`‡nbpw

kXyk‘Xbpw thWsat∂bp≈p.

k®cnXcmb \mev Jeoâm¿°v

tijw Daho, A∫mknøm,

Dkvam\nøm F∂o Jnem^ØpIƒ

ÿm]nXamhpIbpw 1922\v tijw

apkvenwtemIw Jeo^bn√mØ

A\mY kapZmb ambn amdpIbpw

sNbvXp. \_n(k) ]d™Xvt]mse

\p_pΔØns‚ coXnbnep≈ ssZhnI

Jnem^Øv 1908¬ ÿm]nXamhp∂

XmsW∂pw ‘HtcbhkcØn¬ kapZmbØn¬ c≠p Jeoâm¿D≠mhpI F∂Xv A\phZ \oba√.’(auem\m kZdp ±o≥ Ckvemln

‘Ckvemapw kwLSnX PohnXhpw‘)F∂ ssZhnI \nbaa\p kcn®pw

\_n(k) hN\a\pkcn®pw bYm¿Y

Jnem^Øns‚ DZbtØmsS

tkzNvOm[n]Xy Jnem^Øn\v

A¥yw Ipdnt°≠Xv ssZhnI

hn[nbmbncp∂p. AXmWnhnsS

kw`hn®ncn°p∂Xv. auem\m kZdp

±o≥ Ckvemln AtX ]pkvXIØn¬

as‰mcnSØv FgpXp ∂Xv {i≤n°pI.

‘Zo\ns‚ Ahbhßƒ tOZn°

s∏ńcn°p∂p. AXns‚ BIrXnbpw

{]IrXnbpsa√mw am‰nadn° s∏ń

cn°p∂p. kapZmbØns‚ kwLSnX

PohnXw ]º IS∂p sh∂XmWv

CXn\v ImcWw. ]finX ∑mcpsS

Ipdhv sIm≠mWv CsXms°

kw`hn®sX∂v Bcpw AhImi

s∏Sp∂n√. adn®v F∂tØ°mfp]cn

]finX _mlpeyw temIØv

\nd™p \n¬°p∂p. tUm:bqkp

^p¬J¿fm hn°pw auem\m auZqZn

°pw lk\p¬ _∂°pw kZdp±o≥

Ckvemln°pw A_p¬ lk≥ Aen

\Zvhn°pw am{Xa√ a°mldanse

ap^vXn°pw dm_nØØp¬ Bean¬

CkvemanbpsS auem\ am¿°pw

apkvenw temIsØ Htc NcSn¬

tIm¿ØnW°n \_n(k)bpw Jpe^m

D¿dminZoßfpw ImWn®v X∂

am¿KØnepsS ssJdp¬ DΩØv

F∂ alØmb ÿm\w Ae¶cn

°p∂ Cu kapZmbØn\v km[n®n

s√¶n¬ ]ns∂bm¿°v Ignbpw F∂v

apkvenw ]finX∑m¿ adp]Sn ]dtb

≠Xp≠v. At∏mƒ FhnsStbm Hcp

hogv® Ch¿s°√mw ]‰nbn´ps≠∂

t√ a\ nemt°≠Xv. F∂m¬

AlvaZnøm apkvenw PamAØv

dkq¬ Xncpta\n(k) ImWn®p X∂

AtX am¿KØn¬ Xs∂bmsW

∂mWv \mw a\ nemt°≠Xv.

a°bn¬ F{Xsb{X am\y∑m¿,

]finX∑m¿ Ipeo\∑m¿ Ch¿

s°m∂pw {]hmNI ]Zhn sImSp

°msX AßmSnbn¬ IqSn \S°p∂,

BSv ta®pw ]ns∂ I®hSw sNbvXpw

\S∂ncp∂ km[mcW°mcnepw

km[mcW°mc\mbn A\mY\mbn

hf¿∂ Cu aplΩZn\mtWm ssZhw

{]hmNIXz]Zhn \¬IpI F∂v

Al¶cn®v \S∂Xn\m¬ kXyw

Is≠Øm≥ IgnbmsX t]mbn.

‘hAXknaq _n l_ven√mln

PaoA≥’ F∂v ]d™p sIm≠v

‘h√m X^¿d°p’\nßƒ ̀ n∂n°cpXv

F∂v ]d™ X\pkcn®v A√mlp

hns‚ ]miamIp∂ Jnem^Øv

apdpsI ]nSn®p sIm≠v `n∂n°msX

H‰s°´mbn 200 cmPyßfnembn

hym]n®p InS°p∂ A¬ PamA

ØmWv AlvaZnøm apkvenw PamØv.

‘Xn¿anZn D≤cn®v lZokn¬]d™Xvt]mse CkvemanI t\XrXztØmSp≈ Jeo^tbmSp≈ ss_AØv (A\pkcW {]Xn⁄)IgpØnen√msX (ssI sIm≈msX)acn®h≥ A\nkvemanI acWamWvacn®Xv . ’(Ckvemapw kwLSnX

PohnXhpw ˛kZdp±o≥ Ckvemln)

Cu KXntISn¬ \n∂v AlvaZnIƒ

ap‡cmWv. ]t£ CØcw lZokp

Ifpw hn. Jp¿B≥ hN\ßfpw

D≤cn®v kapZmbsØ t_m[h¬

°cn°p∂ ta¬ ]finX∑mcpsS

acWw Ah¿ Xs∂ D≤cn°p∂ ta¬

lZokns‚ ASnÿm\Øn¬ Fß

s\bp≈Xmbncn°psa∂v Nn¥n°pI.

{]_‘Imc≥ XpScp∂Xv


ImWpI. 1924˛ ¬ Dkvam\nb Jnem^Øv XI¿∂t∏mƒ AXv apkvenwtemIØv Imcyamb {]XnIcWsam∂pap≠m°nbnń√. . ’ Ccp´ v

sIm≠v Hm´bS°m≥ {ian°p

IbmWv Aivd^v. C¥y≥ kzmX{¥y

kac Ncn{XØnse Jnem^Øv

{]ÿm\w F¥mbncp∂p? Km‘nPn

bpsS t\XrXzØn¬ apkvenw temI

Øn¬ Jeo^sb Is≠Sp °m≥

C¥y≥ apkvenwIsf H∂n®v \n¿Øn

{]t£m`w \SØnbXpw Bbnc°W

°n\mfpIƒ c‡km£nIfmbXpw

ad∂psh¶n¬ tIcfØn¬ Jnem

^Øv kachpambn _‘s∏´p \S∂

hmK¨ {SmPUnbpw Ben ap…nbm

cpsS Xq°ns°m√epw hmcnbw

Ip∂Øv Ip™lΩ XmPn sb

shSnsh®v sIm∂Xpw {]_‘ Imc≥

ad°m≥ ]mSn√mbncp∂p. Dkvam\nbm

Jnem^Øns‚ Xntcm[m \Øn¬

a\w s\m¥v auem\m aplΩZen

Pul¿ BXvalXy s°mcpßn F∂v

At±lw Xs∂ Xs‚ BXvaIYbn¬

shfns∏SpØn bXt√? Jnem^Øns‚ ]p\cp≤mc W hnjbw`‡cmb temI apkvenwIƒ°nSbn¬ C∂v Hcp kPoh hnjbamWv.

( N{μnI 1992 sabv 1)

Jnem^Øv F∂ ap¥ncnß°v

th≠n F√m hn[ {iaßfpw \SØn

t\m°n hnPbw Is≠Øm\mhmsX

]cmPb ]cn£oWnX\mb {]_‘

Imc≥ Dƒs∏Sp∂ ]finX hn`mKw

Ct∏mƒ Xßƒ°v AXv A{]m]y

ambXn\m¬ ]pfn°p∂p F∂v ]d™v

Ccpń¬ X∏nXSbp∂Xv ImWptºmƒ

e÷mIcw F∂p ]dbm≥ tXm∂p

IbmWv.

(teJIs‚ Mob. No. 9497215986)

{]tXyIamb Hcp icoAØns‚

AhXcW ]q¿ØoIcWw B

icoAØv AhXcn∏n°s∏´ {]hmN

Is‚ PohnXImeØv Xs∂ kw`hn

°pw. F∂m¬ AXns‚ {]NmcW

]q¿ØoIcWw Xs‚ Jeoâm¿(Hcp

{]hmNIs‚ hntbmKtijw hcp∂

Xs‚ {]Xn\n[nIƒ) aptJ\bmWv

]q¿ØoIcn°pI. F∂m¬ ]n¬

°meØv {]kvXpX {]hmNIs‚

{]Xn\n[nbmIm≥ {]m]vXcmb

BXvaob hy‡nIƒ kapZmbØn¬

A{]Xy£amIpIbpw ]Icw

DZc]qcIcmb sFlnI ]finX∑m¿

kzm¿Y Xm¬]cyßƒ°p th≠n

aXsØ Zpcp]tbmKw sNøpIbpw

AXp aptJ\ kapZmbw I£nIfmbn

`n∂n°m≥ XpSßpIbpw sNøp∂p.

Cu Ahÿbn¬ kapZmbw

Atßb‰w A[x]Xn°pIbpw Zpjn

°pIbpw sNøp∂ Hcp L´w

DSseSp°ptºmƒ icoAØns‚

kwc£WØn\pw {]NmcW ]q¿Øo

IcWØn\pw th≠n {]kvXpX

icoAØns‚ A\pbmbnIfn¬ \n∂v

Xs∂ A√mlp \ntbmKn°p∂

{]hmNI\mWv B kapZmbØnse

akolv F∂v ]dbp∂Xv. \ΩpsS

ktlmZckapZmbamb _\qCkvdm

Cuen¬ ta¬ hnhcn®Xns‚ {]mh¿

ØnIcq]w \mw ImWpIbpw

sNøp∂p. aqkm\_n°v tijw

sFlnI ]finX∑mcm¬ A[x]Xn

®pt]mb _\q CkvdmCuente°v

]Xn\mev \q‰m≠pIƒ°v tijw

\ntbmKn® CkvdmCuen akolm

bncp∂p lZvdØv Cukm (A).

aplΩZv \_n(k)bpsS kapZmb

amb apkvenw kapZmbØn\pw CtX

AhkvY kwPmXambn´p≠v. At±l

Øn\v AhXcn∏n°s∏´ {]tXyIamb

icoAØv k¿hImenIhpw k¿hP

\oIhpamWv. CXns‚ AhXcW

]q¿ØoIcWw At±lØns‚ Ime

L´Øn¬ Xs∂ kw`hn®XpamWv.

F∂m¬ CXns‚ {]NmcW ]q¿Øo

IcWw \_n(k)bpsS hntbmK

tijw Xs‚ Jeoâm¿ Xßƒ

°mhpw hn[w \n¿hln®p. ]t£,

\_n(k) ap≥Iqń {]hNn®Xv

t]mseØs∂ aq∂v \q‰mt≠msS

kapZmbw A[x]X\Øns‚ Bgnbn

te°v B]Xn°m≥ XpSßn. AhnS∂

tßm´v `qanbnte°v A√mlp

I\n™nd°nb Cuam\nI{]Imiw

kmhImiw BImiØnte°v Xs∂

Xncn®p Ibdm≥ XpSßn. hnip≤

Jp¿B≥ {]hNn®Xv t]mse IrXyw

Bbncw h¿jw sIm≠v Xs∂

kapZmbw Atßb‰w A[x]Xn

°pIbpw Zpjn°pIbpw sNbvXp.

Aßs\ Cuam\ns‚ Xncn®pIb‰w

kw`hn®nń√mØ aq∂v \q‰m≠pw

BImiØnte°v Xncn®pIbdm

s\SpØ ]Øv \q‰m≠pw IqSn

]Xnaq∂v \q‰m≠v ]q¿ØnbmIp

tºmtg°pw \_n(k) {]hNn®Xv

t]mseØs∂ Cuam≥ Im¿ØnI

\£{Xw hsc sNs∂Øn°gn™n

Camw alvZn:]WvUnX∑m¿ F¥v ]dbp∂p?

temI hn{ipX ]finX∑msc√mw Camw alvZnbpsS BK\a\sØ Ipdn®v

i‡hpw hy‡hpambn ]d™n´p≠v. F∂m¬ CkvemanIambn {]amWnIamb

bmsXmcp ASnØdbpan√mØ apkvenw kwLS\Iƒ A√mlp Ab® Cu

ZnhymXvamhns\ \ntj[n°m≥ apt∂m´p hcpIbmWv.

teJ\w

id^p±o≥ C¿^m\n, AKØn


cp∂p. AtXmsS, aplΩZv \_n(k)

sIm≠v h∂ AtX Cuam\ns\

Im¿ØnI \£{XØn¬ \n∂v Xncn®p

`qanbn¬ sIm≠v hcp∂

alvZnakolns‚ BKa\Øn\v

km£yw hln°m≥ ]Xn\memw

\q‰m≠n\v `mKyw e`n®p.

apkvenw kapZmbØns‚ c£I

\mbn´v alm\mb Hcp ]pWymXvam

hns\ Ahkm\ImeØv A√mlp

\ntbmKn°psa∂v ]Xn\memw \q‰m

≠v hscbp≈ apkvenwIƒ°v

X¿°an√mbncp∂p. F∂v am{Xa√

AXhcpsS hnizmkImcyßfn¬

H∂mbnt∏mepw AwKoIcn°s∏ń

cp∂p. {]Xnk‘nIƒ D≠mIptºm

sgms° Ah¿ B almXvamhns‚

BKa\w {]Xo£n°pIbpw sNbvXn

cp∂p. F∂m¬ ]Xn\memw \q‰m

≠n¬ hmKvZØ alvZo akolv

\ntbmKn°s∏´t∏mƒ ]ptcmln

X®ßeIfn¬ _‘n∏n°s∏´ apkv

enwIƒ PqX∑mcmbn amdp∂ ImgvN

bmWv \mw ImWp∂Xv. Aßs\

sbmcp alvZoakoslm∂pan√msb∂

\ne]mSnte°v hsc Nne¿ FØn

s∏´pIgn™p. F∂m¬ AØcamfp

Iƒ hsc AwKoIcn°pIbpw _lp

am\n°pIbpw sNøp∂ ]finX≥

am¿°p t]mepw Cu bmYm¿Yyw

\ntj[n°m≥ km[n°p∂n√ F∂

XmWv kXyw.

Camw alvZnsb kw_‘n®p

aebmfØn¬ hniZamb Hcp

]T\]pkvXIsagpXnbXv ]finX\pw

{]kwKI\pw {KŸImc\pw ]q¿thm

]cn Hcp BXvaob Nn¥I\pamb

I°mSv aplΩZv ss^knbmWv.

At±lw Xs‚ {KŸØn¬ ]dbp∂p;

Ckvemw a‰p aXßsfsb√mw

hnPbn°p∂ Ahÿ kwPmXam

Ipsa∂v hnip≤ Jp¿B\n¬ 9:33epw

48:28epw 61:9epw {]Jym]n°p∂p≠v.

AXpt]mse Ckvemw aXhntcm[n

Iƒ°v ̀ uXnItemIØp sh®pXs∂

Nne A]am\ßƒ klnt°≠n

hcpsa∂v Jp¿B≥ 2:114epw 5:33epw

]dbp∂p≠v. Jp¿B≥ ]d™ Cu

AhkvYIƒ ]cn]q¿Wambpw kw`

hyamhpI \thmYm\ \mbI\mb

Camw alvZnbpsS `cW Ime

Ømbncn°psa∂v {]apJ X^vko¿

{KŸßsf√mw hy‡am°p∂p≠v.

1)X^vko¿ C_v\pIko¿ hm:1

]pdw:158 , 2 : 13 (2) X^vkodp¬

Jp¿Xp_n 2/79,8/121 , 1 1/48 (3)

X^vkodpXz_vcn 1/501 (4) X^vkodp

^Xvln¬ JZo¿ 1/132 (5) X^vko¿

_Khn 3/98 (6) X^vkodp Zp¿dp¬

a≥kq¿ 5/243 (7) X^vko¿

A_p pDuZv 1/18 (8) X^vkodp

dqlp¬ aB\n 4/207 apXemb

Jp¿B≥ hymJym\{KŸßfn¬

Camw alvZnbpsS BKa\sØ

Jp¿B\nI shfn®Øn¬ ÿncoI

cn®Xp ImWmw.(Camw alvZnbpsS

BKa\w: 41)

hnip≤ Jp¿Bs‚ kqN\Iƒ°v

]pdsa A\h[n \nch[n lZokp

IfneqsS Camw alvZnbpsS BKa\w

ÿncoIcn°s∏ń´p≠v. tIcf°c

bnse apPmlnZv, PamAØv hn`mK

°m¿ alvZnbpsS hnjbØn¬ h∂

lZokpIsf√mw Zp¿_eamsW∂v

]d™v alvZnbpsS BKa\ sØ

AhKWn°mdp≠v. F∂m¬ Ahcp

sS t\Xm°∑mcmb ke^n ]finX

∑m¿ Cu hnjbØnepw Ah¿s°

XncmsW∂XmWv bmYm¿Yyw. kDuZn

Atd_ybpsS {Km‚ v ap^vXnbpw

B[p\nI lZokp]finX\pamb

ssiJv \mkndp±o≥ A¬_m\n

]dbp∂p; alvZn hcpsa∂v ]dbp∂

lZokpIƒ kzlolmsW∂v {]Jym

]n®hcn¬ ssiJp¬ Ckvemw C_v\p

Xnanbbpw Dƒs∏Sp∂p. At±lw

an≥lmPp p∂' F∂ {KŸØn(211/

4)¬ ]dbp∂p: alvZn shfns∏Spw

F∂Xn\p {]amWam°s∏Sp∂

lZokpIƒ kzlolmb lZokp

IfmWv. A_qZmhqZv, Xn¿anZn, AlvaZv

XpSßnbhcpw Zl_nbpw Ch

D≤cn®hcmWv. (A¬_m\n

]dbp∂p): Rm≥ ]dbs´, {]Kev`

lZokv ]finX∑mcn¬s]´ A©mfp

IfmWnh¿. alvZn BKan°psa∂v

]dbp∂ lZokpIƒ kzlolm

sW∂v Ch¿ Xs∂ ]dbp∂p.

IqSmsX ]Xn∑Sßv ap≥KmanIfpw

]n≥KmanIfpw ChtcmsSm∏ap≠v.

Ahcn¬ NnecpsS t]cpIƒ

Rm\nhnsS ]dbmw. AJoen, C_v

\p¬ Ad_n, Jp¿Xp_n, Xzo_n,

C_v\p¬Jønw, lm^nfv C_v\p

lP¿, A_p¬lk≥ B_pdnøv,

ssiJv Aenøp¬ Jmcn, kpbqXzn,

A√ma ap_mdIv ]qcn XpSßn

A\h[n \nch[n alØp°ƒ.

(\mkndp±o≥ A¬_m\n- kn¬kne

Øp lnl: 38/4).

apPmlnZoßfpsS \thm∞m

\\mbI\mb C_v\pXoanbbpsS

injy≥ A√mam C_v\p¬ Jønw

]dbp∂p; alvZn hcpsa∂v ]dbp∂

lZokpIƒ [mcmfap≠v. A\ntjy[y

amb Hcp Bibambn AXv

amdnbn´p≠v. kp∂o ]finX∑mcpsS

ASp°¬ hfsc hym]IambXpw

AhcpsS hnizmkImcyßfn¬

FÆs∏Sp∂XpamWnXv. AXn\m¬

]finX∑m¿ hniZoIcn®Xns‚

ASnÿm\Ønepw kp∂Øv PamA

Øns‚ hnizmk{KŸßfn¬ kvYnc

s∏´Xns‚ ASnÿm\Ønepw alvZn

hcpsa∂v hnizkn°¬ \n¿_

‘amWv. (A¬a\mdp¬ ap\o^v)

apPmlnZoßfpsS t\Xmhmb

]finX≥ aplΩZv _v≥ A–p¬

hlvlm_v Hu\p¬ aAv_qZns\

D≤cn®psIm≠v ]dbp∂p; AXn\m¬

Camw alvZn {]Xy£s∏Spsa∂

A`n{]mbw, AXmWv icnbpw

kXyhpw. Camw iu°m\n ^Xvlp¿

d∫m\nbn¬ ]dbp∂p : Camw alvZn

hcpsa∂ hnjbØn¬ AºXv

lZokpIfpw Ccp]Ønsb´v alXvh

N\ßfpw e`yamWv. tijw At±lw

AhIƒ hnhcn°p∂p. F∂n´ v

]dbp∂p. CsX√mw IqSn apXhm

Xzndns‚ (A\ntjy[yamb Bib

Øns‚) ]ZhnsbØn®hbmWv.

(AlmZokp ^n¬^nX≥)

aZo\bnse A¬PmanAØp¬

CkvemanøbpsS D]m≤y£\pw

{Km‚ v ap v̂Xnbpamb ssiJv A–p¬

Akokv_v\p_mkv 1969 ¬ {]kn≤o

Icn®{KŸØn¬ ]dbp∂p: alvZn

bpsS Imcyw \n›bn°s∏´ H∂p

Xs∂bmWv. hyXykvXamb D≤mc

Icpw D≤cWnIfpw D≈tXmSpIqSn

Xs∂ hmKvZØw sNøs∏´ Cu

hy‡nbpsS ]pd∏mS v kXyw

Xs∂bmsW∂ Hcp bmYm¿Yyw CXv

h n f n® d nb n° p∂p . Ahkm\

ImeL´Øn¬ kapZmbØn\p≈

A√mlphns‚ A\p{Klßfn¬

s]´XmWv Cu Camw. At±lØns‚

]pd∏mSp≠mIpw. At±lw kXyhpw

\oXnbpw \ne\n¿Øpw, A{Iahpw

AcmPIXzhpw XSbpw. P\ßƒ°v

k∑m¿Kw ImWn®psIm≠v A√mlp

At±lw aptJ\ \∑bpsS ]XmI

hncn°pw. Alvep p∂Ønh¬P

amA CXv hnizkn°¬ \n¿_‘

am°nbncn°p∂p. Camw alvZnsb


hnizkn°¬ \_n(k)sb AwKoIcn

°p∂Xns‚ `mKamWv... AXpsIm≠v

Xs∂ At±lsØ \ntj[n°epw

At±lØns‚ hnjbØn¬ kwibn

°epw A]ISIcamb Imcyw Xs∂

bmWv. (AJoZØp Alven p∂ h¬

Ak¿ ^n¬alvZnøn¬ ap≥Xf¿)

Camw alvZnbpsS BKa\

hnjbØn¬ C_v\p lPdp¬

sslXao 'AemamØp¬ alvZn' F∂

t]cn¬ Hcp {KŸw cNn®n´p≠v.

AXns‚ BapJØn¬ Xs∂

At±lw ]dbp∂p;.. alvZnbpsS

BKa\sØ \ntj[n°p∂h≥

Im^ndmbn´p≠v F∂v \_n(k)

bn¬ \n∂v D≤cn°s∏ń´p≠v.

(AemamØp¬alvZn )

alvZnbpw Cukbpw Cu DΩ

Øns‚ c£I\mbn Ahkm\Ime

Øv AhXcn°psa∂v kzlolmb

lZokpIfn¬ h∂n´p≠.v alvZnbpw

Cukmbpw bYm¿YØn¬ Htc

hy‡nbpsS c≠v hntijW

ßfmWv. AXmbXv, CkvdmCuenIsf

Cuk_v\padnbw kap≤cn®Xv

t]mse Cu kapZmbØnepw

A√mlphn¬ \n∂v t\cn´v k∑m¿K

Z¿i\w kn≤n® (alvZnbmb) Hcp

Cuk_v\p adnbw \nbp‡\mIpw,

F∂mWv \_n(k) ]d™Xn\¿Yw.

CXn\p sXfnhpIƒ ]eXpw \nc

Øm\p≠v. NneXv am{Xw kqNn∏n

°p∂p.

1. c≠mbncw h¿jw apºv Ckvdm

CuenIfnte°v Ab°s∏´ Cukm

\_n acWs∏´psh∂v hnip≤

Jp¿B\pw XncphN\ßfpw, Ch

bpsS ASnkvYm\Øn¬ ]e ]finX

∑mcpw hy‡am°nbn´p≠v. AXp

sIm≠v Cukm(A) C\n `qanbn

te°v hcn√. (AlvaZnøm kmlnXy

ßfn¬ Cu hnjbw khnkvXcw

{]Zn]mZn®n´p≈XpsIm≠v ChnsS

Bh¿Øn°p∂n√.)

2. \_n(k) ]d™p; \nßfn¬

\n∂v \nßƒ°p≈ Camambn´ v

C_v\p adnbw \nßfn¬ AhXcn

°ptºmƒ \nßfpsS Ahÿ

Fßs\bmbncn°pw!. (_pJmcn;3449,

apkvenw;245) \_n(k) ]d™

Cuk_v\padnbw Cu kapZmb

Øn¬s]´ Bfmbncn°psa∂Xn

te°v ta¬ lZokv shfn®w hoip∂p.

3. Camw Xzo_n CXns‚ hymJym\

Øn¬ ]dbp∂p; C_v\p A_o

ZnAv_v ]dbp∂p. Cu lZokns‚

A¿Yw, \nßfpsS d∫ns‚ Jp¿B≥

sIm≠pw \nßfpsS \_nbpsS

kp∂Øv sIm≠pw At±lw \nß

ƒ°v t\XrXzw \¬Ipw. Camw Xzo_n

]dbp∂p. 'AΩ°pw'(At±lw

\nßƒ°v t\XrXzw \¬Ipw) F∂

Xnep≈ k¿h\maw Cukm\_nbpw,

"han≥Ipw' F∂Xns‚ A¿Yw

"\nßfn¬ \n∂p≈h\mb \ne°v'

F∂pamWv. AXmbXv, \nßfn¬

\n∂p≈h\mb\ne°v Cukm\_n

\nßƒ°v t\XrXzw \¬Ipw

F∂mWv. (an¿JmØv)

4. \nßfn¬ Pohn®ncn°p∂h¿

Cuk_v\p a¿bans\ Camw

alvZnbmbn´ v Is≠Øp∂

XmWv. (apkv\Zv AlvaZv 411/2)

5. \_n(k) ]dbp∂p; Cuk_v\p

adnba√msX alvZn bn√ (C_v\pamP

1341/2) Cu lZokv Camw im^nbpsS

Kpcphcy\mb C_v\p JmenZ v

A¬Pp≥ZnbneqsS hfsc {]kn≤n

bm¿Pn®XmWv. At±lØn¬ \n∂v

a‰v ]ecpw CXv D≤cn®n´p≠v. lm°nw

hmZn®Xv t]mse At±lw A⁄mX

s\m∂pa√. F∂√ At±lw hnizkv

X\msW∂v C_v\p aCu≥ ]d™

Xmbpw D≤cn°s∏Sp∂p. (AJoZØp

Alven p∂ h¬Ak¿ ^n¬alvZn

øn¬ ap≥Xf¿)

6. alvZn BcmsW∂Xn¬ ap≥

KmanIƒ°v \mev A`n{]mbßƒ

Ds≠∂v ]d™psIm≠v C_v\p¬

Jønw AXn¬ H∂masØ A`n{]mb

ambn FÆp∂Xv At±lw akolp

_v\p adnbamWv. At±lw Xs∂bmWv

bYm¿YØn¬ alvZn. (A¬a\mdp¬

ap\o^v)

7. alvZnbp±o≥(Cu aXØnse

alvZn) Cuk_v\p adnbamWv.

(AemamØp¬akolv:72)

8 .lnPvd 560¬ U¬lnbpsS

{]m¥{]tZiØv Pohn® Hcp

shmenømb lZvdØv ssiJv

\nAvaØp√m hen C{]Imcw

FgpXpIbp≠mbn; At±lw Ime

Øns‚ alvZnbpw Cukmbpw

Bbncn°pw. Cu c≠v KpWßsf

s°m≠pw A\p{Kln°s∏´h\mbn

Rm\t±lsØ ImWp∂p.(ô Alv

hmen¬ alvZnøo≥-)

9 . F´mw \q‰m≠n¬ Pohn®

]finX\mb A√max lpssk\p

_v\p apCu\p±o≥ A¬ssa_Zn

]dbp∂p; lZvØv akolv auDuZn

s‚ BXvaob {]`mhw Camw alvZn

bm¬ {]ISamIp∂XmWv. Cukm

AhXcn°pw F∂p ]dbp∂Xpw

CX pXs∂bmW v . ( K mbØp¬

aJvkqZv : 21) ]Xns\m∂mw \q‰m≠n¬

Pohn® ssiJv aplΩZv A{Iw

km_ncnbpw "CJvXn_mkp¬ A≥

hm¿' F∂ {KŸØn¬ Cu Imcyw

]d™n´p≠v.

10. Cuk_v\p adnbw sNøpsa∂v

]dbp∂ AtX tPmenIƒ Xs∂

alvZnbpw sNøpsa∂v ]dbp∂p. (CXv

tijw hnhcn°p∂p≠v.)

alvZoakolns‚ ASbmfßƒCamw alvZn°v hyXykvX lZokp

Ifnembn ]e ASbmfßfpw ]d™v

ImWp∂p≠v. Chsb√mw Xs∂

\_n(k)°v ZnhyZ¿i\ØneqsS

A√mlp ImWn®p sImSpØhbmWv.

AXv sIm≠v Xs∂ NneXv Ahy‡

ambXpw NneXv hymJym\n°s∏tS≠

Xpw NneXv AtX]Sn ]pecp∂Xp

ambncn°pw. ImcWw, ZnhyZ¿i\

ßƒ ]e\ne°pw kw`hn°mdp≠v.

Znhy Z¿i\ßƒ Nne hnjbßfn¬

Ahy‡XtbmsSbpw hymJym\¿

YtØmsSbpw kw`hn°msa∂v

an¿JmØn¬ ]dbp∂p.

AlvaZnIsf kw_‘n®nS

tØmfw Camw alvZn BK

XcmIpsa∂ \_n(k)

bpsS {]hN\w ]pe¿∂p

Ign™ ÿnXn°v alvZn

sb°pdn®v ]dbs∏´ AS

bmfßfn¬ {]Xy£Øn¬

]pe¿∂v ImWp∂Xv Xs∂

bmWv \_n(k) Dt±in®Xv.

CXphsc ]pe¿∂v ImWm

ØXns‚ hymJym\w hnip

≤Jp¿ B\ns\XncmIm

Ø \ne°v a\ nem°p

Ibpw sNøp∂p.


AXn\m¬ hfsc Kl\ambn

Nn¥n®n´v am{Xta \_n (k) ]d™

ASbmfßƒ hnebncpØmhq.

{]Xy£m¿Yw I≠bpSs\ FSpØp

NmSn hn[n]db¬ ]cmPbØn\p

ImcWamtb°pw. \_n(k) Xs∂

{]hN\ßƒ ]dbptºmƒ ap∂dn

bn∏v \¬Inbn´p≠v. lpssZ^(d)

]dbp∂p. ]n∂oSv \_n(k) ]d™p:

Rm≥ \nßtfmSnX v ]dbp∂Xv

\nßƒ Nn¥n®p {Kln®p Dƒs°m≠v

AX\pkcn®v {]h¿Øn°m\mWv.

(\Cuap_v≥ lΩmZns‚ "A¬^n

X≥' \º¿ 1591)

alvZnbpsS hnjbØn¬ ]e

]T\ßfpw \SØnb I°mSv ss^kn

Xs∂ CXv hy‡am°p∂p. Xncp

\_n(k)bpsS AZriy{]hN\ßfn

eqsS ]T\w \SØp∂Xpw AXv

{]Imin∏n°p∂Xpw kmlktadnb

]cn{iaamWv. Hmtcm {]tbmKßfpw

bYm¿Yambpw F¥pt±in°p∂psh

∂v \ap°v hy‡ambn \n›ban√.

Nne {]iv\ßfn¬ ]q¿hkqcnIfpsS

hymJym\ßfpw hfsc Ipdhv. Cu

kmlNcyØn¬ A_≤ßƒ ]nW

bphm≥ km≤yX IqSpXemWv.

(Camw alvZnbpsS BKa\w: 17)

AlvaZnIsf kw_‘n®nS

tØmfw Camw alvZn BKXcmIp

sa∂ \_n(k)bpsS {]hN\w

]pe¿∂p Ign™ ÿnXn°v alvZnsb

°pdn®v ]dbs∏´ ASbmfßfn¬

]eXpw {]Xy£Øn¬ ]pe¿∂v

ImWp∂Xv Xs∂bmWv. \_n(k)

Dt±in®Xv . CXphsc ]pe¿∂v

ImWmØXns‚ hymJym\w hnip≤

Jp¿ B\ns\Xn cmImØ\ne°v

a\ nem°pIbpw sNøp∂p.

CkvemanI temIØv lZvdØv

AlvaZv(A)s‚ ImeL´Øn\p apºp

Xs∂, Camw alvZnsb kw_‘n®v

\S∂ {]hN\ßfn¬ \n∂pw

]T\ßfn¬ \n∂pw Hcp teJ\

Øns‚ ]cn[nbn¬ \n∂p sIm≠v

Nne ASbmfßƒ am{Xw ChnsS

tcJs∏SpØpIbmWv.

t]cvlpssZ^(d) D≤cn°p∂p; alvZn

bpsS t]cv "AlvaZv' F∂msW ∂v

\_n(k) ]dbp∂Xv Rm≥ tIƒ°p

Ibp≠mbn. (Iamep±o≥;653/1)

C_v\plP¿ A¬sslØan lZo

kp≤cn®psIm≠v ]dbp∂p; Camw

alvZnbpsS t]cv \_n (k) bpsS

t]cmb AlvaZ v F∂mbncn

°pw. (AemamØp¬ alvZn)

AlvaZ v F∂v t]cp≈ alvZn

tbmsSm∏w Hcp PamAØv C¥ybn¬

{]NmcWbXv\w \SØpw (A∂Pvap

mJn_v 41/2). AlvaZv F∂ Bƒ

{]Xy£\mbn alØmb BXvaob

hnπhw \SØp∂Xmbn Rm≥

Z¿i\Øn¬ ImWp∂p. (A¬A¿

_Cu≥ ô Alvhm ep¬

alvZnøo≥) "A∂Pvap mJn_v' F∂

{KŸØn¬ alvZn°v 182 t]cpIƒ

D≤cn°s∏ń´p≠v. lZokns‚

ASnÿm\ Øn¬ Ahbn¬

{]Yaÿm\Øv FÆp∂Xv Xs∂

"AlvaZ v ' F∂mWv. (t]Pv 166).

A¬Kpemw(t]Pv 203) F∂pw

alvZnbpsS t]cmbn AXn¬

]d™n´p≠v.

AXn\m¬ t]cpsIm ≠pw lZvd

Øv an¿km Kpemw AlvaZv A¬JmZn

bm\n Xs∂bmWv hmKvZØ alvZo

akosl∂v sXfnbp∂p.

hwiwkqdx PpapAx aq∂mw kq‡amb,

"kzlm_nIf√mØ as‰mcp hn`mK

Ønte°pw \_n(k)sb \ntbmKn

®n´p≠v'F∂¿Yw hcp∂ `mKØns‚

hymJym\ambn \_n(k) ]d™p;

Cuam≥ Im¿ØnIbnte°pb¿

∂mepw Chcn¬ (t]¿jy≥ hwiP

cn¬) \n∂p≈ NnebmfpIƒ

(alvZnbpw Jeoâmcpw) AXns\

hos≠Sp°p∂XmWv. (_pJmcn 4615)

hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ as‰mcp

kq‡Ønepw Cu Imcyw DW¿

Øp∂p≠v. \nßƒ (aXhnj

bØn¬) ]n¥ncn™p t]mIpIbm

sW¶n¬ \nßfpsS ÿm\Øv \nß

f√mØ Hcp P\Xsb (A\d_nIsf)

Ah≥ ]Icw sIm≠phcp∂XmWv.

]n∂oSv Ah¿ \nßsf t]msebmhp

Ibn√. (47:39) Cu kq‡Øn\pw

\_n(k) ]d™ hymJym\w Ah¿

t]¿jy°mcmbncn°p sa∂mWv.

(Xz_vcn 43/2, Xp¿apZn 3260). {]ikvX

Xm_nCu Bb lk≥ _kzcnbpw

Cu kq‡Øn\v ]d™ hymJym\w

Ah¿ A\d_nIfmsW∂mWv.

(Jp¿Xp_n 258/6) C\n lZvdØv

AlvaZv(A)s‚ hwiw GXmsW∂v

\ap°v ]cntim[n°mw. t]¿jybnse

_¿emkv hwiØns‚ BZn]n

Xmhmb FwtdmPn _¿emkns‚

]u{X\mb Jdm®m¿ (Carashar

Nevian) awtKmfnb≥ tPXmhmb

sN¶nkvJms‚ ]Stbm´°meØv

t]¿jybn¬ \n∂v lnPvdØv sNbvXv

Xpdm\n¬ hmkapd∏n®p. Cu

{]tZiØn\mWv 'ka¿J¥v' F∂v

]dbs∏Sp∂Xv. _m_¿ N{Ih¿

ØnbpsS ImeØv, GXm≠v F.Un

1530¬ _¿emkv hwi°mc\mb

an¿km lmZo t_Kv Xs‚ IpSpw_

ßfpw ]cnhmcßfpw ASßnb

Ccp∂qtdmfw t]tcmSpIqSn ka¿

J¥n¬ \n∂v ]pds∏´v ]©m_n¬

emtlmdn\v Fgp]Xv \mgnI hS°v

_nbmkv \Zo XocØnse Hcp

h\{ºtZiØv Xmakapd∏n®p. B

ÿeØn\v Ah¿ 'Ckvemw]q¿'

F∂v t]cn´p. cmPIpSpw_mwKsa∂

\nebn¬ _m_¿ N{Ih¿Øn

\qdpIW°n\v {KmaßfSßnb Hcp

{]tZiw ao¿km lmZo t_Kn\v

PmKodmbn A\phZn°pIbpw

At±lsØ AhnSsØ JmZnbmbn

\nban°pIbpw sNbvXp. "Ckvemw

]q¿ JmZn' (JmZnbpsS Ckveman

Imÿm\w) ]n∂oSv "JmZnbm≥'

F∂mbn Adnbs∏´p. _¿emkv

hwi°mcpsS t]cns‚ ap∂n¬

"an¿km' F∂v tN¿Øv hnfn°mdp≠v.

t]¿jy≥ ]Zamb "Aao¿km' AYhm

"Aao¿ kmZ'(cmPIpamc≥) BWv

an¿km Bbn amdnbXv. Cu D∂X

IpSpw_ØnemWv lZvdØv AlvaZv

(A) 1835 ¬ `qPmX\mIp∂Xv.

cmPywalvZntbmsSm∏w Hcp PamAØv

C¥ybn¬ {]NmcWbXv\w \SØpw

(A∂Pvap mJn_v 41/2) Hcp Ad_n

IhnXbpsS A¿Yw Cßs\bmWv.

lZvdØv BZw \_n(A) Pohn®

ÿew C¥ymcmPyamWv. AhnsS

{]hmNI t{ijvTs‚ s]mena

{]Imin®p. CXn¬ \n∂pw \ΩpsS

alvZnbpw C¥y°mc\mbncn°psa∂v

hy‡amIp∂p. At±lw A√mlp

hns‚ Ducnb hmfpIfn¬ Hcp hmfm

Ip∂p. Cu {]hN\w ]q¿ØoIcn

°m≥ th≠nbmWv t]¿jybn¬

\n∂v C¥ybnte°v lZvdØv

AlvaZns‚ ]q¿hnIsc A√mlp

lnPvdx sNøn∏n®Xv.

P∑ÿewJZvAx'F∂v ]dbs∏Sp∂ {Kma

Øn¬ Camw alvZn \ntbmKn X\mIpw.

(_nlmdp¬ A≥hm¿ 19/13) "tP°_v'

F∂Xns‚ kpdnbm\n i–w


"bAvJq_v' F∂mbXv t]mse

"JmZnbm≥' F∂Xns‚ Ad_n

i–amWv "JZvAx'. \_n(k) CXv

{]hNn°ptºmƒ Cu t]cnep≈ Hcp

{Kmaw `qanbnen√mbncp∂p. ta¬

hnhcn®Xv t]mse A√mlphns‚

A]mcamb lnIvaØv aptJ\

lZvdØv AlvaZns‚ ]q¿hnIcneqsS

Xs∂ A√mlp Cu {Kmaw ÿm]n®p.

aplΩZv \_n(k) bpsS {]hmNI

XzØn\p i‡amb Hcp ZrjvSm¥hpw

IqSnbmWv Cu {]hN\w.

\ntbmK ImeL´w{]amW _‘nXambn Camw

alvZnbpsS ImeL´w GItZiw

Ft∏mgmbncn°psa∂v ]q¿hIme

alØp°ƒ tcJs∏SpØnbn´p≠v.

I°mSv ss^kn Xs‚ ]pkvXIØn¬

]dbp∂p;

ImeL´w Zpjn°pIbpw, aX

Øn¬ A`n{]mb hyXymkßƒ

DSseSp°pIbpw, A{IanIƒ A[n

Imcw hmgpIbpw sNøptºmƒ Camw

alvZnbnte°p≈ P\ßfpsS

Bhiyw i‡amIpw. idlp¬ AJm

CZnepw Cßs\ ]d™n´p≠v

(Hu\p¬a Av_qZv/ InXm_p¬alvZn)

Camw alvZnbpsS ImeØpw AXn\p

tijhpw hoSpIfpw a‰v ^vfm‰pIfpw

\n¿an°p∂Xn¬ ]ckv]cw a’cn

°pIbpw AhbpsS hen∏Ønepw

`wKnbnepw Zpc`nam\w \Sn°pIbpw

sNøpw. (an¿JmØv/InXm_p¬

^nX≥) \_n(k) ]d™p: ZrjvSm¥

ßƒ Ccp∂qdn\p tijamWv. AYhm

BbncØn\p tijap≈ Ccp∂qdv

(1200) CamwalvZn shfns∏Sp∂

ImeL´w AXmWv. (an¿JmØv,

InXm_p¬ ^nX≥; A≤ymbw aq∂v)

1240\p tijw A√mlp alvZn

Camans\\ntbmKn°pw (an¿JmØv 471,

lminbx C_v\pamPx 261/2,) Hmtcm

\q‰m≠ns‚ Xe°epw Cu kapZm

bsØ ]cnjv°cn°p∂ Hcp ]cnjv

°¿Ømhns\ Xo¿®bmbpw A√mlp

\ntbmKn°pw. (A_qZmhqZv 212/2)

F∂ lZokns‚ ASnÿm\Øn¬.

Ign™ \q‰m≠nse ]cnjv°¿

Øm°sf FÆn∏d™Xn\p tijw

"lpPPp¬ Indmax' F∂ {KŸØn¬

]dbp∂p; ]Xn\memw \q‰m≠ns‚

Xe°¬ - CXv ]q¿ØnbmIm≥ C\n

]Øv h¿jw am{Xtabp≈q - alvZo

akolv BKXcmhpIbpw At±lw

]Xn\memw \q‰m≠nse apP±nZmhp

Ibpw sNøpw. (lpPPp¬Indmax : 139)

apPmlnZpIƒ AwKoIcn°p∂

{]apJ ]finX\mWv lp÷p¬

Indma

hmKvZØ akolv lZvdØv

AlvaZ v(A)s‚ ImeL´w ta¬

]d™ cq]Øn¬ aX]chpw [m¿anI

hpambn Zpjn®Xmbncp∂psh∂v

Xs‚ kaImenIcmb FXncmfnIƒ

hsc kΩXn®XmWv. (X^vko¿

k\mC 82,97/1, Alvep¬ lZokv 14/

06/1912, êkvXo\p¬ Ad_nøx 17/

12/1931 , CJvXndm_p mAx 12 ,)

{]hN\Øn¬ ]d™Xv t]mse

1240\p tijw 1250 \mWv lZvdØv

AlvaZv(A) P\n°p∂Xv. ]n∂oSv

]Xn\memw \q‰m≠ns‚ Xe°¬(1301)

Xs∂bmWv lZvdØv AlvaZv(A)

]Xn\memw \q‰m≠nse ]cnjv°¿

Ømhmbn´v {]Jym]n°m≥ XpSßn

bXv. At±lw I≈hmZn bmsW¶n¬

]ns∂ ]Xn\memw \q‰m≠n¬

BKXcmtI≠ alvZoakolmb

]cnjv°¿Ømhv CXphsc FhnsS?

ChnsSbnXm ]Xn\©mw \q‰m≠v

Ahkm\n°m≥ t]mIp∂p. lZvdØv

AlvaZv(A) ]d™p; CXv akolns‚

ImeamWv. Rm≥ h∂n√mbncps∂

¶n¬ a‰msc¶nepw akolmbn´v hcpI

Xs∂ sNøpambncp∂p.

c≠v ZrjvSm¥ßƒGh¿°pw {]Xy£amb c≠v

BImiob ZrjvSm¥ßƒ alvZoa

kolns‚ ImeØv kw`hn°psa∂v

lZokn¬ ImWp∂p. \n›bw

\ΩpsS alvZn°v ({]tXyIamb) c≠v

ZrjvSm¥ßfp≠v. BImi`qanIƒ

krjvSn®Xv apX¬ Chc≠pw

(ZrjvSm¥ambn) kw`hn®nń√.

AXmbXv, dafm≥ amkØn¬ (N{μ

{KlWcm{XnIfnse) BZy Znhkw

N{μ{KlWhpw, dafm\n¬ Xs∂

(kqcy{KlWZn\ßfnse) a[y

Znhkw kqcy{KlWhpw kw`

hn°pw. (ZmdpJpXv\n 188, ^Xmhm

lZoknø 31, a‡q_mØv 2/132,

an¿JmØv, AemamØp¬ alvZn 57)

hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ Cu ZrjvSm¥ßsf

kqNn∏n°p∂p≠v. IÆv an∂nt∏mIp

Ibpw, N{μ\v {KlWw _m[n°p

Ibpw ({KlWw _m[n°p∂Xn¬)

kqcy\pw N{μ\pw Hcpan®v Iq´s∏Sp

Ibpw sNøptºmƒ. (75:7-9). AXn

\m¬ Cu {]hN\Øns‚ ASnthcv

Jp¿B\nemWp≈Xv. lZokv CXns\

hniZoIcn°pIbmWv sNøp∂Xv.

F∂m¬ Nne FXncmfnIƒ

]dbp∂Xvt]mse dafm≥ H∂mw

cmhn¬ N{μ{KlWhpw ]Xn\©mw

cmhn¬ kqcy{KlWhpw kw`hn°p

sa∂√ CXns‚ A¿Yw. ImcWw,

\_n(k) ]d™Xv "Jadn\v' {KlW

ap≠mIpsa∂mWv. amkmcw`Øn

ep≈ N{μ\v "Ja¿' F∂v ]dbpIbn

s√∂mWv B[nImcnI Ad_n `mjm

{KŸßƒ hy‡am°p∂Xv. (enkm

\n¬ Ad_v,AJv_mdp¬ ahmcnZv,

ap≥PnZv). ssiJp¬ Ckvemw C_v\p

Xoanø ]dbp∂p; kqcy\v Aamhmkn

Zn\ßfnepw N{μ\v ]u¿Wan cm{Xn

IfnepamWv {KlWap≠mhpI F∂

Xv A√mlphns‚ \nbXn \nbaamWv.

Ch 13,14,15 cm{XnIfmWv. N{μ\v Cu

cm{XnIfn¬ am{Xta {KlWw kw`hn

°pIbp≈q. kqcy\v Aamhmkn

Znhkßfn¬(27,28 ,29) am{Xta

{KlWw _m[n°pIbp≈q. (aPvaq

Ax^Xmh `mKw:1 , A[ymbw:

Jk^p¬ Ja¿). am{Xa√ H∂mw

cmhnesØ N{μ\v {KlWw

_m[n®m¬ AXv \Kv\t\{Xß

sfs°m≠v ImWmt\m Adnbmt\m

km[ya√. CXmsW¶n¬ temIadntb

≠ Hcp ZrjvSm¥hpamWv. amkw

ImWmsX H∂mw cmhmsW∂v

\n›bn°m\pw km[ya√. Alvse

lZokv ]finX\mb auem\m

lm^nkv aplΩZv etJms°' Alv

hmep¬ BJndØv' F∂ {KŸØn¬

FgpXp∂p. Cu hN\ßfnse kqcy

N{μ {KlWßƒ dafm\nse 13, 27

ZnhkßfnemWv kw`hn°pIsb∂v

kqNn∏n°s∏ńcp∂p. ]n¬°meØv

lZokns‚bpw {]IrXn \nbaß

fptSbpw shfn®Øn¬ {KlWØn

s‚ bYm¿Y XobXnIƒ dafm≥

13∂pw 28\pamsW∂v hniZoIcn°

s∏Sp∂XmWv.

CXp {]Imcw Xs∂ 1894 am¿®v 21

hymgmgvN / lnPvdx 1311 dafm≥ 13 \v

N{μ{KlWhpw G{]n¬ Bdv

sh≈nbmgvN/dafm≥ 28 \v kqcy

{KlWhpw lZvdØv AlvaZv(A)s‚

ImeØv temIw apgph≥ ImWp∂

\nebn¬Xs∂ kw`hn®p. C¥ybnse

"BkmZv', "knhn¬ B‚ v anen´dn

Kk‰v' apXemb {]apJ ]{Xßfpw'

Canon of Eclips by Oppolzer' F∂

]pkvXIØnepw, 1894 ¬ {]kn≤o

Icn® ]©mwKØnepw CXv ÿnco


Icn®n´p≠v. Cu {KlWw ZriyambXv

`qanbpsS Ing°≥ A¿[tKmf

ØnemsW¶n¬ ASpØ h¿jw dafm

\n¬ Xs∂ ]Sn™md≥ A¿[tKmf

Ønepw CtX XobXnIfn¬ Xs∂

ho≠pw kqcyN{μ {KlWw kw`

hn®p.

tbmKyXHscm‰ cm{XnsIm≠v A√mlp

At±lsØ tbmKy\m°p∂Xmbncn

°pw. (lZokv C_v\pamP \º¿ 4085,

AlvaZv 645)

Camw C_v\p Iko¿ Cu

\_nhN\sØ hymJym\n°p∂p;

Hcp cm{Xnbn¬ A√mlp At±l

sØ Ckvemlv sNøp∂XmWv F∂v

sh®m¬ B Hcp cm{Xnbn¬ A√mlp

At±lØns‚ ]›mØm]w ]q¿W

ambn kzoIcn°p∂Xpw khntij

amb XuôJpw C¬lmapw k∑m¿

Khpw \¬Ip∂XpamWv. AXns‚

sXm´papºv At±lw Aßs\

sbm∂pw Bbncp∂n√. (A¬\nlmb

Øp ^n¬^nX≥ 43/1)

ta¬ lZokv hnhcn®psIm≠v

I°mSv aplΩZv ss^kn Xs‚

]pkvXIØn¬ ]dbp∂p; lZokn¬

]d™ Cu e£Ww {it≤bamWv.

Camw alvZn(A) sNdp∏\mƒ apX¬

s]mXpsh Adnbs∏SmØ hy‡n

Xzambncn°pw. At±lw km[mcW

PohnXw \bn°pw. hfsc `mcn®

alØmb HcpØchmZnXzw Xs‚

Npaen¬ A¿∏n°s∏Sm≥ t]mIp∂

Xns\]‰n At±lw Xs∂bpw t_m[

hm\mbncn°Wsa∂n√. apkvenw

DΩØv AIs∏ńcn°p∂ Zb\o

bamb hnja k‘nbn¬ \n∂pw

Ahsc tamNn∏n°m≥ F¥p≠v

am¿Kw F∂v Nn¥n°pIbpw AXn¬

a\ws\m¥v Ic™v {]m¿Yn°pIbpw

sNøp∂ At\Icn¬ Hcmfmbncn°pw

At±lhpw. (Camw alvZnbpsS

BKa\w)

lZvdØv AlvaZv(A) ]dbp∂p;

Hcp cm{Xn A√mlp XBem

kºq¿Wambn Fs∂ kap≤cn°p

Ibpw a\pjyIcßsf sImt≠m

Dt±iw sImt≠m kw`hn°mØ Hcp

AhkvYbnte°v Fs∂ Ah≥

]cnh¿Ø\w sNøpIbpw sNbvXp.

(XmcosJ AlvaZnøØv 165/1)

kmlnXy kºpjvSamb Ad_n`mj

bneS°w A\h[n {KŸßfpw

JkzoZIfpw {]kwKßfpw £W

t\cw sIm≠v sNøpIbpw Ad_v

temIsØ AXnImbcmb ]finX

t\Xm°sf sh√phnfn°pIbpw

sNøm≥ At±lØn\v ss[cyw

\¬InbXv Cu ssZhnI ]cnh¿Ø\w

H∂v am{Xambncp∂p.

\ntbmK ZuXyw\oXnam\mb hn[nI¿Ømhmbn´v

alvZnbpsS ]pd∏mSp≠mIpw. At±lw

IpcnipIƒ XI¿°pw. ]∂nsb

sIm√pw. (AemamØp¬ alvZn 42)

ChIƒ Xs∂bmWv Cukm(A)bpsS

ZuXyambn´pw lZokn¬ h∂Xv. Cu

c≠mfpw HcmfmsW∂XmWnXn\p

ImcWw. IpcnipS°pw F∂Xns‚

hnh£ {InkvXob hnizmkßfpsS

s]m≈Øcßƒ Xpd∂pImWn°pI

bpw CkvemanImibßsf kpi‡

am°pIbpw sNøpsa∂pamWv.

(_nlmdp¬ A≥hm¿:198/13) At±lw

A\mNmcßsf \o°w sNøpIbpw

\_nNcy \S∏n¬ hcpØpIbpw

sNøpw. (AemamØp¬ alvZn 54)

Camw alvZn \_n(k)bpsS kp∂

Øv, AYhm At±lØns‚ ico

AØv P\ßfn¬ {]mh¿Øn

Iam°pw. (an¿JmØv/ InXm_p¬

^nX≥)BZ¿i{]amWßsfs°m≠v

Z÷mens\ ]cmPbs∏SpØn

Ckvemw aXsØ i‡ns∏SpØp∂

Hcp almXvamhns\ Cu kapZm

bØn¬ \ntbmKn°p∂ A√mlp

hn\p kvXpXn. JmØap¬ Huenb

bmb alvZn CamamWt±lw (an¿

JmØv). Camw alvZn Ckvemans‚

kXytØbpw \_n(k) bpsS almXv

aytØbpw sXfnbn®p ImWn°p∂

'_dmlo≥' sIm≠p hcp∂Xm

bncn°pw. A√mlphns‚ Hcp

krjvSnkaqlw Xs∂ AXns\

kzoIcn°p∂Xmbncn°pw. (iwkp¬

aBcn^p¬ Ip_vdx 304/1)

lZvdØv AlvaZ v(A)Xs‚

PohnXImew apgph\pw ta¬ hnhcn®

Z u X y ] q ¿ Ø o I c W Ø n \ m b n

Dgn™p sh®ncp∂p F∂v At±l

Øns‚ PohnXw ]Tn°p∂ B¿°pw

t_m[ys∏Sp∂XmWv. `n∂n®p

\n¬°p∂ temIP\X°v AhcpsS

BZ¿ißfpsS hnjbØn¬

\oXn]q¿hw hn[n\¬In. tbip

{InkvXp acWs∏´psh∂ shfns∏Sp

ØtemsS Ipcniv hnizmksØ

XI¿Øp. ASpØ `mhnbn¬ Xs∂

CkvemanI \mSpIƒ apgph\pw

tbiphns‚ sImSn°ogn¬ h∂p

tNcpIbpw, IA_Øp√mbn¬

Ipcnip \m´Ø° hÆw Ckvemw

`qapJØp \n∂pw \mamhtij

ambnØocpIbpw sNøpw (Lecturesof Barrows) F∂v hochmZw apg°nb

^mZ¿ hneyw _tdmkns\t∏mse

bp≈ {InkvXob anjWdnam¿

lZvdØv AlvaZv(A)s‚ BKa\

tØmsS sh≈Øn¬ hoW XoI\¬

t]msebmbn amdn.

lZvdØv AlvaZv(A) A\mNm

cßtfbpw A‘hnizmkßtfbpw

FXn¿ØpsIm≠v \_n Ncysb

]p\ÿm]n®p. CkvemanI icoA

Øns‚ bYm¿Y shfn®w temIØv

\ne\mń. \∑bpsSbpw [¿aØn

s‚bpw i{Xphmb Z÷mens‚

hn`mKsØ kXy{]amWßfpw

ZrjvSm¥ßfpambn a√Sn®p tXm¬

∏n®p. "_dmlos\ AlvaZnø' F∂

hn{ipX {KŸw aptJ\ Ckvem

ans‚bpw \_n(k)bpsSbpw FXncm

fnIsf Aºc∏n®p. A¥yZn\w hsc

bp≈h¿°v kam[m\tØmsS Pohn

°m≥ klmbIamIp∂ ssZhnI

⁄m\ßƒ amtemI¿°v kΩm\n®p.

Ah hniZoIcn°m≥ {KŸßƒ

A\h[n th≠n hcpw. AlvaZnøm

apkvenw PamAØv Ct∏mƒ AXmWv

sNbvXpsIm≠ncn°p∂Xv.

F∂m¬ A\oXnbpw A[¿ahpw

AXpt]mse AXns‚ h‡m°fpw

C\nbpw `qanbn¬ Ahtijn°p

∂p≠t√m F∂v kwibw {]ISn∏n

°p∂htcmSv ]finX∑m¿ Xs∂

adp]Sn \¬Inbn´p≠v Camw

alvZnbpsS ImeØv Z÷mepw

Ahs‚ A\pbmbnIfpw apkvenw

IfpsS i{Xp°fmbn D≠mhpI

F∂Xv, Camw alvZn Zo\ns\ klmbn

°psa∂pw `qanbn¬ \oXn \nd°p

sa∂pw ]dbp∂Xnt\mSv FXnc√.

ImcWw Cu ]d™Xns‚ Dt±iw

\∑ A[nIcn°pIbpw Ckvemw

i‡ns∏SpIbpw Ah¿°v hnPbw

e`n°pIbpw (BZ¿i]cambn)

a‰p≈hsc HXp°pIbpw sNøp

sa∂mWv. Xs‚ ImeØv ZpjvSP\

ßƒ D≠mI¬ CXns\Xnc√.

GXpt]msesb∂m¬ \_n(k)

bptSbpw k®cnXcmb Jeoâmcp

tSbpw ImeØv `qanbn¬ \oXn

\nd®ncp∂psh∂v \mw hnizkn

°p∂p, AtXmsSm∏w AhcpsS


ImeØv Ah¿°v Hcp]mSv i{Xp°fpw

D≠mbncp∂p. (AJoZØp Alven

p∂ h¬Ak¿ ^n¬a lvZnøn¬

ap≥Xf¿)

{][m\i{Xp°ƒCamw alvZn shfns∏´m¬

At±lØns‚ {][m\i{Xp°ƒ

{]tXyIn®pw ]finX∑mcmbn

cn°pw. (^pXqlmØp¬ a°nø : 336/

3) I°mS v ss^kn Xs‚

]pkvXIØn¬ FgpXp∂p; Camw

alvZn cwKØp h∂mepS≥ AXn

{Iaambn At±lsØ t\cnSphm≥

apkvenw cmPyßfn¬s]´h¿

Xs∂bmWv cwKØp hcnI F∂v

\_n(k) ]Tn∏n®n´p≠v. I≠dnbp

hm\pw sIm≠dnbphm\pw Ignhn

√mØ \n¿`mKyhm∑mcmb B ssk

\nI¿ H´\h[n t]¿ D≠mIpsa∂v

lZokn¬ ImWp∂p≠v. hy‡nsb

icnbmw hn[w Xncn®dnbmØhcpw,

Xncn®dn™n´pw [n°mc]cambn

apt∂dnbhcpw A°q´Ønep≠mhpw.

A√mlp {]kvXpX ssk\ysØ

CltemIØv sh®v Xs∂ ]mTw

]Tn∏n°pw hn[Øn¬ in£n°p

sa∂pw Xncp\_n (k) {]kvXmhn

®ncn°p∂p.(Camw alvZnbpsS

BKa\w: 74)

tI´pw I≠pw sIm≠pw H∂p

adnbmØ ]finX ssk\yw

Xs∂bmbncp∂p lZvdØv AlvaZv

(A)\pw t\cntS≠n h∂ {][m\

i{Xp°ƒ. I°mSv ss^kn ]d™Xp

t]mse apkvenw cmPyßfn¬

\n∂mbncp∂p AhcpsS IpXn®p

Nm´w. I°msS¶nepw H∂p I≠dn

™ncps∂¶n¬!.

tZlhntbmKwAt±lw Xs‚ hncn∏n¬ InS∂m

bncn°pw h^mØmIpI. (Aemam

Øp¬ alvZn 59) i{Xp°fm¬ hebw

sNøs∏´ lZvdØv AlvaZv(A)s\

I≈t°kn¬ IpSp°n Pbnene

S°m\pw Xq°nte‰m\pw NXnhn¬

h[n°m\pw ]e IpX{¥ßfpw

i{Xp°ƒ ]b‰n t\m°n. F√mw

\njvêamIpIbpw lZvdØv

AlvaZv(A) Xs‚ ZuXyw \n¿hln

°pIbpw sNbvXp. Ahkm\w

A√mlp \n›bn® At±lØns‚

Ah[nsbØnbt∏mƒ Xs‚

Ahkm\sØ {KŸamb 'ss]Km

sakp¬lv' FgpXn A®Sn°m≥

G¬∏n®Xns‚ tijw AXmbXv, 1908

sabv 26¬ Xs‚ kl[¿anWnbp

sSbpw k¥X klNmcnIfpsSbpw

ASpØv h®v Xs∂ h^mØmbn.

C∂men√mln.

ÿm\almXvayw{]ikvX Xm_nCu ]finX\mb

Camw C_v\p knco≥(h^mØv

ln:110) ]dbp∂p; Camw alvZn Fs‚

]nXmhns\°mfpw ]nXrhys\°mfpw

DØa\mWv. ]e \_namtc°mfpw

At±lw t{ijvT\mbncn°p∂p.

A_q_°¿(d)Dw Da¿(d)Dw At±l

Øns‚ t{ijvTXsbØpIbn√.

bYm¿YØn¬ CXv At±lØns‚

t{ijvTXb√. adn®v \ΩpsS \_n(k)

bptSXmWv. \_(k)bpsS icoAØp

ambn \ntbmKn°s∏´Xn\mepw \_n

(k)sb ]n≥]‰nbXn\mepw e`n®

XmWv. (AemamØp¬ alvZn 71)

Camw alvZnbpsS ÿm\w \p_pΔ

Øns‚ ÿm\ambncn°psa∂v taep

≤cWn hy‡am°p∂p. ImcWw,

kn≤oJmb A_q_°¿(d) AS°

ap≈ kzlm_Ønt\°mƒ t{ijvT

\mIm≥ \p_pΔØns‚ ]Zhn e`n®

h¿°√msX km[ya√t√m! lZvdØv

AlvaZv(A) X\n°v \p_pΔØns‚

]Zhn A√mlp \¬Inbn´ps≠∂pw

B A¿YØn¬ Xm≥ \_nbmsW

∂pw hmZn°pIbpw {]Jym]n°p

Ibpw sNbvXncp∂p. Hcp ]t£,

At±lw Aßs\ hmZn®nń√m

bncp∂psh¶nemWv \ap°t±lØn

s‚ alvZo hmZØn¬ kwibn°m

\p≈q.

apkvenwIƒ Camw alvZnsb{]Xo£n°p∂p

I°mSv ss^kn Xs∂ ]dbp∂p;

Dkvam\nø Jnem^Øns‚ ]X\

Øn\p tijw temIXeØn¬

`cW]camb Hcp {]Xo£bpw

CkvemanI kaqlØn\p≠mbnń√.

BtKmfXeØn¬ ùXnItam

BXvaobtam Bb Hcp t\XrXz

an√mbvabpsS ZpcnXm\p`hßƒ

Ipds®m∂pa√ \mw A\p`hn®Xv.

A\ptbmPyamb t\XrXzw, Ckveman

I `cWkzm[o\w, sFIyw, katcm

’pIX, BXvaob ]cnip≤n, hnZym

`ymkta∑ F∂nßs\ hnPb Ime

L´ßfn¬ D≠mbncp∂ k¿h am\

kZvKpWßfpw ssItamiw h∂n´v

]Xn‰m≠pIƒ Ign™p t]mbn.

anºdpIfnepw anlvdm_pIfnepw

CSXShn√msX Dbcp∂ {]m¿Y\m

s\mºcßƒ kPoh i–ßfmbn

apg°w krjvSn°p∂p!! BXvam¿

Ycmb `‡P\ßfpsS a\apcpIn

bp≈ Zbml¿PnIƒ°v Fs∂¶nep

samcn°¬ aplΩZv \_n(k) bpsS

Zbm]c\mb d∫v DØcw sNømXncn

°ptam ? {kjvSm hmb A√mlphn\v

CjvSs∏´ GIaX kcWnbpsS

h‡m°fmb apkvenwIƒ Fs∂t∂

°pambn \n lmbcpw \ncmew_cp

ambn Dt]£n°s∏Sptam? Hcn°epw

Aßs\bp≠m hm\nSbn√. Cu

kapZmbØns‚ k¿hXe c£°v

G‰hpw A\nhmcy ambn´p≈ kwKXn,

BtKmfXeØn¬ ùXnIhpw

BXvaobhpambn kºq¿W t\XrXzw

hln°p∂ e£W samØ Hcp

\mbIs‚ kPoh km∂n[yamWv.

A√mlphns‚ khntijamb

klmbap≈ Hcp Camw Dbn¿

sØgpt∂¬°pIbmWv F√m‰n\pw

]cnlmcw. ! ! (Camw alvZnbpsS

BKa\w: )

AtX, BXvam¿Ycmb `‡P\

ßfpsS a\apcpInbp≈ Zbml¿Pn

Iƒ°v aplΩZv \_n(k)bpsS Zbm]

c\mb d∫v DØcw sNbvXncn°p∂p.

Cu kapZmbØns‚ k¿hXe

c£°v th≠n, BtKmfXeØn¬

ùXnIhpw BXvanbhpambn kºq

¿W t\XrXzw hln°p∂ e£W

samØ Hcp \mbI≥, A√mlphns‚

khntijamb klmbap≈ Hcp

Camw CXm Dbn¿sØgpt∂‰ncn

°p∂p. F√m‰n\pw ]cnlmcw

ImWm≥ th≠n Xs∂. A\lvaZn

Ifmb Nne ]finX∑m¿ hsc alvZn

Camans\ Ipdn®v ]T\w \SØn

]pkvXIw FgpXnbt∏mƒ Cu

bmYm¿Yyw Xpds∂gpXnbn´p≠v.

X_veoKv PamAØv ]finX≥

amhq¿ kpss_¿ auehn FgpXp∂p:

Camw alvZnbpsS P\\w \S∂n

cn°p∂p F∂v temIapkvenw

]finX¿ ]ecpw AhImis∏´p

Ign™p. (Camw alvZnbpw Cukma

kolpw47) ]t£, F°meØpw

kw`hn°p∂Xp t]mse, Hcp

{]hmNIs‚ hchpw {]Xo£n®n

cn°p∂ kapZmbw B {]hmNI≥

BKX\mIptºmƒ \ntj[n°mdmWv

]Xnhv. \_n(k) bpsS hnjbØnepw

CXv kw`hn®n´p s≠∂mWv Jp¿B≥

]dbp∂Xv. hmKvZØ alvZo ako

lns‚ hnjbØnepw CXp Xs∂


bmWv kw`hn®Xpw. GsXmcp {]hmN

I\pw {]Jym]n®Xp t]mse Xs∂

At±lhpw Xs‚ \ntbmKw temI

tØmSv {]Jym]n®p.

GsXmcphs‚ ssIbn¬ Fs‚

Poh\ncn°p∂pthm B k¿h

i‡s\ kXyw sNbvXp sIm≠v

Rm≥ ]dbp∂p: _pJmcnbnepw

apkvenanepw a‰p kznlmlpIfnepw

h∂n´p≈ lZokpIfneqsS Xncp\_n

(k) kphntijadnbn® AtX

hmKvZØ akolv Rm≥ Xs∂

bmIp∂p. (a¬^qkmØv) hmKvZm\w

sNøs∏´ akolpw alvZnbpw

B¥cnIhpw _mlyhpamb `n∂X

Iƒ°p≈ hn[n I¿Ømhpw Rm\m

sW∂v A√mlp Xs‚ ]cnip≤hpw

]hn{Xhpamb shfn]mSv aptJ\

Fs∂ Adnbn®ncn°p∂p. (A¿_

Cu≥) \_nXncpta\n(k) \_nbp

√mlv F∂v \maIcWw sNbvXn´p≈

B hmKvZØ akolv Rm≥ Xs∂

bmIp∂p. (\pkqep¬ akolv)

AXn\m¬, Cu ImeL´Øn¬

A√mlphns\\mY\mbpw aplΩZv

\_n(k)sb {]hmNI\pw ssZhZqX

\pambpw AwKoIcn®v Pohn°W

sa¶n¬ lZvdØv AlvaZv(A)s\

Camw alvZnbmbn´v AwKoIcn°¬

A\nhmcyamWv. Ahkm\ambn Hcp

XncphN\tØmsS \n¿Øp∂p. \_n

(k) ]d™p;

Camw alvZnsb \nßƒ Is≠

Ønbm¬ At±lØn\v \nßƒ ss_

AØv sNøWw. a™n\papIfneqsS

Cg™p t]mtI≠n h∂mepw icn.

ImcWw At±lw A√mlphns‚

Jeo^bmb alvZnbmWv. (C_v\p

amPx 1367/2)

Hcp apkvenw \n¿hln°m≥ _m≤y

Xs∏´ ASnÿm\]camb A©v

Imcyßfn¬ H∂mWv \akvImcw.

\akvImcØn\v hnip≤ Jp¿B≥

hºn® {]m[m\yamWv \¬Inbncn

°p∂Xv. A√mlphns‚ {KŸØn¬

\akvImcØnt‚Xmbn \nch[n

KpWßƒ hnhcn°s∏ń´p≠v. .

Jp¿B≥ ]dbp∂p: ‘ C∂ kzemØ

X≥lm A\n¬ ^lvimbv h¬

ap≥I¿ ’ Xo¿®bmbpw \akvImcw

\oNI¿aßsfbpw \njn≤I¿aß

sfbpw XSbp∂p’(29:46) kqd:epJv

am\n¬ lZvdØv epJvam≥ Xs‚ aI\v

\¬Inb D]tZiw tcJs∏SpØp∂p.

{]Yahpw {][m\hpambn At±lw

Xs‚ aIs\ Hm¿as∏SpØp∂Xv ‘ bm

_p\øm AJnan kzemØv. ’ A√tbm

Fs‚ s]mt∂ma\ aIt\ \akvImcw

\ne\n¿ØpI ’(31:8)\akvImcsØ°pdn®v dkq¬

Xncpta\n(k) ]d™Xmbn Hcp

lZokn¬ h∂ncn°p∂Xv.

‘C∂ ^n kzemØn in^m:’‘Xo¿®bmbpw \akvImcØn¬

ia\ap≠v.’ C¥ybnse AeoKUn¬

\n∂v ]pds∏Sp∂ ‘Xlvko_p¬

AJvem°v ’ F∂ DdpZp amknIbn¬

Hcp apkvenw ]finX≥ FgpXnb

teJ\Øn¬ IrXyambn apSßmsX

\akvImcw \n¿hln°p∂ Hcmƒ°v

AbmfpsS AÿnIfpw k‘nIfpw

ÿncambn Ne\mXvaIamhp∂Xv

sIm≠v Hcn°epw k‘nho° tcmKw

hcm\p≈ km[yXbn√ F∂v

]dbp∂p. lZokns‚ shfn®Øn¬

\akvImcw sIm≠p≠mIp∂ Nne

imcocnIamb t\´ßƒ hnhcn°mw.

1 . \nXyhpap≈ {IanIamb

imcocnIm≤zm\w sImtfmkvt{Smƒ

Afhv Ipd°pw. sImtfmkvt{Smƒ

lm¿´v A‰m°v, lrt{ZmKw, {]talw

apXemb ]e AkpJßfpap≠m°pw.

\∂mbn A≤zm\n°p∂ Hcmƒ°v

Ipd™ sImtfmkvt{Smƒ am{Xta

D≠mhq. \akvImcw sIm≠v CXv

km[yambn Xocp∂p.

2. \akvImcw G‰hpw amXrIm]c

amb Hcp FIvk¿sskkv IqSnbmWv.

AXv Zl\t°Sv XSbp∂p. {]`mX

Øn¬ hb¿ ImenbmbnInS°p

tºmgmWv kp_vln \akvImcw.

Nne¿ kp_vln°v apºv Xl÷pZv

\akvImcw \n¿hln°p∂p. AXv

t]mse cm{Xn `£WØn\v tij

ap≈ \akv°mcØnse icoc

Ne\hpw Zl\ {]{Inbsb klmbn

°p∂p.

3.\akvImcØn\v XpS°Øn¬

\mw XIv_o¿ sNm√ptºmƒ Ccp

sssIIƒ Db¿Øp∂p. CXv

aknepIƒ Nen∏n°pIbpw Xe

HgnsIbp≈ icoc`mKßfnte°v

c‡w {]hln°m≥ ImcWamIp

Ibpw sNøp∂p.

4 .\akvImcØnse G‰hpw

{][m\s∏´ A\pjvTm\w kpPqZmWv.

s\‰n sIm≠v \mw Xdbn¬ kv]¿in®v

A√mlphns\ hWßptºmƒ

\ΩpsS Xebnte°v ]pXpc‡Øns‚

{]hmlap≠mIp∂p. tbmKbn¬

Nne¿ CXn\mbn {]bmkIcamb

io¿jmk\w sNømdp≠v.

5.\akv°mcØnse CSbnencp

ØØn¬ \ΩpsS CSp∏v k‘n,

Im¬ap´v, sssIap´v, \s´√v, ssI°pg

F∂o AÿnIsf√mw Hcp hncmam

hÿbnemhpIbpw \ΩpsS icoc

\akvImcØns‚ imcocnI t\´ßƒk°cnbm hn¿°v. bp. F v

\akvImcØn∂v BXvaobamb ]ptcmKXn°v ]pdta

imcocnIamb t\´ßfpap≠v.

teJ\w



Øn\v BsI Abhv \¬IpIbpw

sNøp∂p. Cu Ahÿbn¬ icocmh

bhßƒ°p≠mIp∂ A\mbmk

amb a¿Zw t]inIsf Abhp≈

Xm°n am‰p∂p.

6. lrZbamWt√m G‰hpw {][m\

s]´ icoc `mKw. AXv icocØns‚

F√m`mKtØ°pw c‡w hnXcWw

sNøp∂p. \akvImcØnse Cu

Ne\ßƒ lrZbØn\v \√ Hcp

hymbmaambn amdp∂p. dkq¬

Xncpta\n(k)bpsS Hcp lZokv

{]Imcw icocØn¬ Hcp Ahbh

ap≠v. AXv BtcmKyIcambncn°p

tºmƒ apgp icochpw BtcmKy

Icambncn°pw. AXv tcmKmhÿ

bnemhptºmƒ apgp icochpw

tcmKnbmbn Xocpw. AXmWv lrZbw.

7.\ΩpsS icocØnse Hcp {][m\

AÿnbmWvv Im¿ńtePv (Cartilage -

=XcpWmÿn) Im¿ńtePv F∂m¬

F√nt\°mƒ ImTn\yw Ipd™

AÿnbmWv. icoc`mKßsf _‘n

∏n°p∂nSßfnemWv Im¿ńtePv

ImWmdp≈Xv. Im¿ńtePv \n¿an®n

cn°p∂ icocIeIfn¬ c‡°p

gen√. AXn\m¬ ChnsS t\cn´v

c‡Nw{IaWw sNøs∏Sp∂n√.

k‘nIfpsS Ne\ßƒ icocØnse

Cu `mKtØ°v c‡w ]ºv sNøs∏

Sm≥ ImcWamIp∂p. Cusbmcp

Ne\ans√¶n¬ Im¿ńtePv IeIƒ \

in®v amcIamb tcmK km[yXbp≠v.

CXv k‘nhmXØnte°pw.

k‘nIfnse thZ\bnte°pw

achn∏nte°pw \bn°pw. Aßs\

hcptºmƒ _mIvSocnbbpw

sshdkpw Cu `mKsØ XßfpsS

hnlmc cwKam°n am‰pw. Im¿ńtePv

taJebn¬ c‡°pgepIƒ C√mØ

Xn\m¬ tcmKmWp°sf sNdp°m

\p≈ B‚n t_mUn°v FØm≥

km≤ya√. AXv sIm≠vv ]cp°v ]‰nb

Im¿ńtePv IeIfpsS ia\w hfsc

kmh[m\ØnemWv. \akvImcØnse

Ne\ßƒ Im¿ńtePpIsf BtcmKy

Icambn \ne\n¿Øp∂p. Cu

ImcWØm¬ \akvImcØnep

≠mIp∂ BXvaob KpWßƒ°v

]pdta \nch[n imcocnIamb

KpWßfpap≠v. ASpØ XhW

\akvIcn°ptºmƒ Cu KpWßƒ

IqSn kvacn®p sIm≠v A√mlphn\v

\μn tcJs∏SpØpI.. Xo¿®bmbpw

\akvImcØn¬ ia\ap≠v!

blqZ blqZ P\X tdmamkm

{amPyØn¬ sh®v H∂pw

c≠pw \q‰m≠pIfn¬

hºn® ]oU\ßƒ°v hn

t[bamhpIbp≠mbn.

tdmw ]n∂oSv {InkvXp

aXØn\v IogSßnbt∏mƒ

blqZ ]oU\Øns‚

IncmX ]¿hßƒ ho≠pw

Bh¿Øn°pIbmbn

cp∂p.

tdmamkm{amPyØn¬ c≠mw \q‰m

t≠mSp IqSn l{Znbm≥ F∂v

hnfn°s∏Sp∂ ]ªnbqkv Fenbqkv

A{Znbm\qkv AKkv‰kv (PubliusAelius Hadrianus Augustus ˛{In.h.

76- 136) N{Ih¿Øn A[nImcta‰p.

l{Znbm≥ a‰p tdma≥ `cWm[n

ImcnIfn¬ \n∂v `n∂ambn a\pjy

Fs∂ kw_‘n®v Fs‚ Zmk≥am¿ \nt∂mSv tNmZn°p∂ ]£w

(]dbpI) \nivNbambpw Rm≥ kao]ÿ\mIp∂p. {]m¿Yn°p∂

hs‚ {]m¿Y\°v Rm≥ DØcw \evIpw; Ah≥ Fs∂ hnfn®v

{]m¿Yn°ptºmƒ AXpsIm≠v Ah¿ Fs‚ hnfn°v DØcw

\evIpIbpw F∂n¬ hnizkn°pIbpw sNøs´; Ah¿

k≥am¿Kw {]m]n°p∂Xn\pth≠n.

(hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ 2:187)


]oU\w: aX]camb ImcWßƒ

Xz]camb kao]\ap≈bmfmbmWv

Ncn{XØn¬ Adnb s∏Sp∂X.v A©v

\√ tdma≥ ̀ cWm[nImcnIfn¬ (FiveGood Emperors) aq∂ma\mbn

Adnbs∏Sp∂ l{Znbm≥ XpS°

Øn¬ blpZtcmS v A\p`mhap

≈bmfmbncp∂p. blqZsc At±lw

sPdpkteante°v hcm≥ A\ph

Zn®p. Xs‚ ap≥KmanIƒ \in∏n®

sPdqkteanse tkmfas‚ Bcm[

\mebw ]p\¿\n¿an®v kΩm\ambn

blqZ¿°v ka¿∏n°psa∂v l{Zn

bm≥ {]Xn⁄sbSpØp. CXv blqZ

cn¬ hfsctbsd {]Xo£Iƒ \¬In.

]n∂oSv At±lw sPdpktew kμ¿

in®t∏mƒ B {]Xn⁄bn¬ \n∂v

]n∑mdpIbmWp≠mbXv . ]Icw

sPdpktew ]p\¿\n¿an®v tdma≥

]´mf°m¿°v Xmakn°m≥ Genbm

Im]nt‰men\m (Aelia Cpitolina) F∂

t]cn¬ Hcp tImf\n \Kcw \n¿an

°m\mWv At±lw Xocpam\n®Xv.

am{Xa√ tdma≥ tZhXIƒ°v th≠n

Pq]n‰¿ Im]nt‰men\pkv (JupiterCapitolinus) F∂ Hcp

Bcm[\mebw ]Wnbm\pw \n›

bn®p. blqZtcmSv At±lw A\p

h¿Øn® arZpe kao]\Øn¬ \n∂v

]n∑mdnb l{Znbm≥ blqZcpsS

sImSpw ]oUI\mbn amdn. AXn\v

ImcWambn ]dbs∏Sp∂Xv A∂

sØ tdma≥ BNmca\pkcn®v

kzh¿Km\pcmKnbmb l{Znbm≥,

B‚nt\mbpkv (Antinous) F∂ Hcp

{Ko°v _me\n¬ A\pc‡\mhp

Ibpw Xs‚ CuPn]vjy≥ ]cyS\

Øn¬ Ah\pambn ss\¬ \Znbn¬

Demkbm{X \SØptºmƒ B‚n

t\mbqkv \Znbn¬ hoWv acn°p

Ibpap≠mbn. B‚nt\mbpkn¬

AXy[nIw {àn®p himb l{Znbms‚

kz`mhØn¬ Cu kw`hØn\v

tijw hºn® hyXnbm\w ImWs∏´p

F∂mWv ]dbs∏Sp∂X.v At±lw

]ns∂ acn®p t]mb B‚nt\mbp

kns\ Hcp tZh\mbn {]Jym]n°p

Ibpw At±lØns‚ {]Xnabpw

t£{Xhpw ÿm]n°p∂Xn¬

hym]rX\mhpIbpw sNbvXp. ]n∂oSv

l{Znbm≥ blqZtcmS v ISpØ

\ne]mSv kzoIcn°pIbmWp≠mbXv.

blqZcpsS ta¬ At±lw tdma≥

hXv°cWhpw bh\ hXv°cWhpw

ASnt®¬∏n®p. blqZcpsS enwK

]cntOZ\ k{ºZmbw \nba

hncp≤am°n. Cßs\ blqZnIƒ

\m\mhn[Ønepw ]oUn∏n°s∏´

AhkcØn¬ tImkn_ F∂

bmfpsS aI\mb sska¨ (sska≥

_n≥ tImkn_ Simon Ben Kosiba)blqZcpsS t\XrXzw Gs‰SpØv

hnπhØn\mbv apt∂m´ v h∂p.

ska¨ _m¿ tIm®v_ (Simon BarKochba-\£{X ]pcpj≥) F∂

t]cnepw sska¨ _n≥ tImkn_

Adnbs∏Sp∂p.

AizmcpV\mb ssk\nIs‚

thjØn¬ Xm\mWv blqZnIƒ°v

hmKvZm\w sNøs∏´ ZmhoZns‚

k¥m\ ]cºcbn¬s∏´ akolv

F∂v ]d™p cwK{]thi\w sNbvX

sska¨ _m¿ tIm®v_ F∂ Cu

F.Fw.aplΩZv kenw

teJ\w

PqX P\Xbpw B[p\nI Imehpw˛3


ssk\nI akolns\ ]n¥pW°m≥

alm ]finX\mb blqZ apJy

]ptcmlnX≥ d∫n AIn_

D≠mbncp∂p. blqZnIfpsS {]`mhw

\in® Pdpktean¬ {InkvXym\nIfpw

tdma≥ `cWm[nImcnIfm¬ ]oUnX

cmbncp∂p. _m¿sIm®v_bpsS

t\XrXzØn¬ tdma≥ `cWØn

s\Xnsc Iem]w kwLSn∏n®

blqZnIfpambn Iq´p tNcm≥

a¿ZnXcmb {InkvXym\nIƒ Xømdm

bn√. kXyakolns\ kzoIcn®

{InkvXym\nIƒ blqZnIfpsS

ssk\nI akolmb _m¿

sIm®v_tbmSv ASp°m≥ t]mepw

CjvSs∏ń√. tdma≥ N{Ih¿

Ønbmbncp∂ l¿Znbm≥, {_n´\nem

bncp∂ Xs‚ ssk\nI ta[mhn

skIv‰kv Pqenbkv skhdnbqkns\

Ab®v blqZ Iem]sØ ap®qSpw

\in∏n°pIbpw {In. h. 135¬

bp≤°fØn¬ sh®v sska¨ _n≥

tImkn_ F∂ sska¨ _m¿

tIm®v_sb h[n°pIbpw sNbvXp.1

Bdp]Xn‰m≠v ap≥]v

Pdpkteans\ B{Ian® ssS‰kns‚

]´mftØ°mƒ hºn®Xmbncp∂p

skhdnbqkns‚ ssk\yw. ]n∂oSv

blqZcn¬ \n∂v C\nsbmcp Iem]w

C√mXncn°m\pw blqZsc D∑pe

\miw hcpØpI F∂

e£yØmsSbpw l{Znbm≥ ISpØ

\S]SnIfmWv ssIs°m≠Xv. tXmd

\ntcm[n®p. ln{_p Ie≠dpw

\ntcm[n®p. blqZ ]finX∑msc

\njv°cpWw h[n®p If™p.

blqZcpsS hnip≤ {KŸßƒ

AhcpsS ]pWyÿeambsSºnƒ

S¨ au≠n¬ sh®v Np´pIcn®v

AhnsS Pp]n‰¿ tZhs‚bpw

Xs‚bpw c≠v {]XnaIƒ l{Znbm≥

ÿm]n®p. blqZy, Ckvdtb¬ F∂o

\maßƒ ]q¿Wambpw Ncn{XØn¬

\n∂v XpS®v \o°Wsa∂ Dt±i

tØmsS B ÿew kndnb

êkvXo\ F∂v \maIcWw

sNbvXp.

tdmw ]n∂oSv {InkvXpaXØn\v

IogSßnbt∏mƒ Ncn{XsØ InSnew

sIm≈n® blqZ ]oU\Øns‚

Ccp≠ \q‰m≠pIfmbncp∂p IS∂p

h∂Xv. F¥mbncp∂p blqZ

ss{IkvXh sshcØns‚ aX]camb

ImcWßƒ?

aX]camaX]camaX]camaX]camaX]camb ImcWßƒb ImcWßƒb ImcWßƒb ImcWßƒb ImcWßƒ{InkvXym\nIƒ°v bmsXmcp

{]amWhpans√∂v blqZnIƒ

]dbp∂p. blqZnIƒ°v bmsXmcp

{] amWhpans√∂v {InkvXym\nIfpw

]dbp∂p. (hn. Jp¿B≥2:114)2

bqtdm∏nepw ]pcmX\ Ing°≥

tdmam km{amPyØnepw \S∂ blpZ

thÍfpsS aX]camb ImcW

sa¥msW∂v \ap°v t\m°mw. B‚n

skan‰nkw, t]m{Kmw , C¶znknj≥,

F∂ot]cpIfn¬ Ncn{XsØ blqZ

cIvXw sIm≠v timWnXam°nb

{InkvXym\nIƒ blqZcpsS F°me

tØbpw henb a¿ZIcmbncp∂p.

blqZnIƒ°v AhcpsS \ymb

{]amWw \nh¿Øn∏m≥ th≠n

hmKvZm\w sNøs∏´ aninlmbmbn

cp∂pht√m tbip. ]t£

At±lsØ blqZnIƒ kzoIcn®n

s√∂v am{Xa√ Ipcnin¬ Ib‰n

sIm√m≥ {ian°pIbpamWp≠mbXv.

CXns‚ h¿W\Iƒ \mep

kphntijßfnepw ImWmw.

tbiphns‚ apJy]oUI¿ blpZ

] p t c m l n X ∑ m c m b n c p ∂ p .

Ah¿s°Xnscbp≈ tbiphns‚

`’\ßƒ kphntijßfn¬

\nd™p \n¬°p∂p. blqZ

aXt\Xm°∑mtcbpw I]S

\mSy°mcmb ]coitcbpw

imkv{Xnamtcbpw tbip

iImcn°p∂Xv t\m°q. ‘ thZ⁄cpw

^ntkbcpw tamibpsS ]oTØn¬

Ccn°p∂p. . . .Ah¿ sNøp∂Xv

\nßƒ {]amWam°cpXv. ImcWw

Ah¿ {]kwKn°p∂Xv Ah¿

sNøp∂n√.. Ah¿ Zp¿hlamb

NpaSpIƒ sI´p∂p. Ah a\pjycpsS

Npacn¬ sh°p∂p.F∂m¬

XßfpsS hnc¬ sIm≠v

klmbn°m≥ t]mepw Ah¿

Hcp°an√.. Ah¿ sNøp∂sX√mw

a\pjysc ImWn°m≥ th≠nbmWv.

Ah¿ XncphN\ßƒ FgpXn

s\‰n∏´ßƒ°v hoXnIp´p∂p.

tae¶nbnse sXmßepIƒ°v

hoXnIq´p∂p. Ah¿ hncp∂pIfn¬

apJyÿm\hpw kn\tKmKpIfn¬

G‰hpw anI® Ccn∏nShpw N¥

ÿeßfn¬ A`nhmZ\hpw

a\pjycn¬ \n∂v Kptcm F∂

kw_m[\bpw tamln°p∂p. ’(aØmbn 23:27) 3 tbip Hcn°¬

]d™p: Rm≥ ssZhØn¬ \n∂v

h∂h\mWv. kzta[bm h∂h\√.

Ah≥ Fs∂ Ab®XmWv. F¥p

sIm≠mWv Rm≥ ]dbp∂Xv

\nßƒ°v (blqZ¿°v)

a\ nemImØXv. Fs‚ hm°pIƒ

tIƒ°m≥ \nßƒ°v IgnbmØXv

sIm≠v Xs∂. \nßƒ \nßfpsS

]nXmhmb ]nimNn¬ \n∂p≈

hcmWv. \nßƒ \nßfpsS

]nXmhns‚ B{Klßƒ \ndth‰m\m

tdmanse l{Znbm≥ N{Ih¿ØnbpsS aptkmfnbw l{Znbm≥ N{Ih¿Øn

_m¿ sIm®v_bpsS ImeØv blpZ¿

ASn®nd°nb \mWbw


Wv CNvOn°p∂Xv. Ah≥ BZn

apX¬°p Xs∂ sImebmfn

Bbncp∂p. Ah\v kXyhpambn

bmsXmcp _‘hpw C√. ImcWw

Ah\n¬ kXyw C√. \pW

]dbptºmƒ Ah≥ kz¥w

{]IrXn°\pk cn®v kwkmcn°p∂p.

Ah≥ \pWbpw \pWbpsS

]nXmhpamWv. (tbml: 8: 42:˛45) 4

ss__nƒ kphntijßfn¬

PqX∑msc ]‰n tbiphns‚ cq£amb

]cma¿ißƒ tbml∂m\n

emWp≈Xv. AXp sIm≠v

kphntijImc\mb tbmlm∂ms\

{InkvXym\nIfpsS blqZ hntcm[

Øns‚ (B‚n skan‰nkØns‚)

BNmcy\mbn Nne¿ hntijn∏n

°p∂p≠v.5

At∏mkvXe\mb sk‚ v

t]mfns‚ \ne]mSpIfpw blqZ

hntcm[Øn\v ImcWambnXo¿∂p.

tbip kzbw \ymb {]amWw

]men°pIbpw ]men°Wsa∂v

A\pbmbnIsf D]tZin °pIbp

amWv sNbvXXv. (aØm: 15: 17˛20.,16˛19).

F∂m¬ kz¥w blqZ ]mcºcyw

\ntj[n® ]ueqkv \ymb

{]amWsØ X≈n∏dbpIbmWp

≠mbXv . blqZcpsS \n¿_‘

BNmcamb enwK]cnNvtOZ\s°

Xnsc ISpØ \ne]mSv kzoIcn®

]ueqkv {InkvXym\nIsf ]cnNvtOZ

\bn¬ \ns∂mgnhm°pbpw sNbvXp.

{InkvXym\nbmhp∂Xn\v apºvXs∂

t]mƒ AYhm ]ueqkv F∂ t]cpw

tdma≥ ]ucXzhpw At±lw kzoIcn

®ncp∂p. At±lØns‚ bYm¿Y

Ønep≈ blqZ \maw iu¬

F∂mWv. blqZ ]mcºcyØnep

≠mbncp∂ {InkvXp aXsØ AXn¬

\n∂v th¿s]SpØpI am{Xa√ blqZ

hntcm[Øns‚ _oPßƒ IpØn

sh°pIbpw sNbvXXn¬ t]mfns‚

]¶pw sNdpX√. kphntij

{]NmcWØn\ndßnb ]ueqkns\

sIm√psa∂v 40 blqZnIƒ i]Yw

sNbvXXmbn ss__nƒ ]dbp∂p. B

kμ¿`Øn¬ Cu tdma≥

]ucXzamWv At±lsØ X¬°mew

XpW®sX∂v ss__nƒ km£n

°p∂p. tbiphns\ {Iqin®p

sIm√W sa∂v apdhnfnIqńb blqZ

P\XbpsS apºn¬ sh®v Cu

]m]Øn¬ X\n°v ]¶ns√∂v

hcpØphm≥ ]oemtØmkv

s s I I g p I n s b m g n ™ t ∏ m ƒ

blqZnIƒ hnfn®p ]d™ ss__nƒ

tcJs∏SpØnb hN\ßƒ GsXmcp

{InkvXym\nbpsSbpw lrZbØnepw

blqZnItfmSp≈ Xocm]I

krjvSn°m≥ t]m∂Xmbncp∂p.

‘Ahs‚ c‡w RßfpsS taepw

RßfpsS k¥m\ßfpsS taepw

Bbn Xocs´ ’ (aØm: 27 :25)6

F∂mbncp∂p blqZnIƒ hnfn®p

]d™Xv. alm\mb tbiphns\

{Iqin®Xn¬ ]pWyw BtLmjn

°p∂ ss__nfn¬ \n∂p≈ Cu

{Iqc amb \nμm hN\w N¿®pIfn¬

apgßptºmƒ A{Iamk ‡cmbn

blqZ th´°n dßp∂ {InkvXob

Iem]ImcnIfpsS thentb‰ßƒ

a≤yImeL´ßfnse ÿncw

{]Xn`mkambncp∂p

blqZ hntcm[Øn\v aX]camb

ImcWw ss__nƒ ]cma¿ißƒ

am{Xa√. blpZnIfpsS aX

kmlnXyßfn¬ aninlmbmb

{InkvXphns\Xnsc FgpXnb

Atßb‰w PpKp]vkmhlamb

\nμmhN\ßƒ IqSn ImcWamWv.

]nXrclnX\mb tbip, Pmck¥m\w

(\DuZp_n√mlv : ssZhØn¬

icWw) F∂mWv Nne blqZnIƒ

hnizkn°p∂Xv. Christianity a Jour-ney from Fact to Fiction F∂

]pkvXIØn¬ AlvaZnøm Jeo^

lZvdØv an¿km Xzmln¿ AlvaZv

(dlv) blqZnIfpsS CØcw A[a

kmlnXysØ ]‰n Hcp hnhcWw

\¬Ip∂p≠v.

‘blqZ P\XbpsS aX]cambkIe ⁄m\ßfpw hnizmkßfpwhymJym\n°p∂ Hcp ssk≤m¥nI]pkvXIamWv X¬aqZv. AXns‚A≤ym]\ {]Imcw tbiphns‚P\\w Pmc am¿KØnep≈XmWvF∂v am{Xa√ tbiphns‚ amXmhvE X p a X n b m b n c p ∂ t ∏ m ƒ]nimNpambp≠mb thgv®bnemWvAt±lw P∑w sIm≠Xv F∂pwFgpXp∂p. ho≠pw X¬aqZv A°mcywhniZoIcn°p∂p≠v. tbiphn∂vC u k m h p ( E s a u ) h n s ‚BXvamhmWp≠mbncp∂Xv. AbmƒHcp hnUvVnbmbncp∂p. HcpB`nPmcI≥. ssewKnIambnhg n] ng∏n°p∂h\pambnc p∂pAbmƒ. AXpsIm≠v Abmsf{Iqin®v \cIØn¬ X≈n.

A\pbmbnIfn¬ Abmƒ F°mesØbpw Hcp _nw_ambn. Xmsg°mWp∂ D≤cWn dh: sF.{]mss\‰nUv FgpXnb The ThalmudUnmasked (X¬aqZ v apJwaqSnbn√msX) F∂ ]pkvXIØn¬ \n∂vFSpØn´p≈XmWv

I√mlv (Kallah(18b) F∂ eLpteJbn¬ hnhcn®XmWv XmsgImWp∂ D≤cWn.

Hcn°¬ apXn¿∂h¿]SnhmXn¬°¬ Ccn°bmbncp∂p.c≠p bphm°ƒ IS∂pt]mbn. HcmƒXead®ncp∂p. d∫n Genk¿tcJs∏SpØp∂p. Xead°mØh≥Pmc\mbncp∂p. AXmbXv Hcpawavk¿(Mumzer)...d∫n tPmjzm]dbp∂p: Ahs\ K¿`w [cn®XvB¿Øh kabØmbncp∂p. AXmbXv Ah≥ ‘ _∂n±mlv ’(Bennidha)Bbncp∂p. d∫n AIn_mlv]dbp∂p: ‘Abmƒ CXv c≠pambncp∂p. CXv ]d™ DSs\ d∫nAIn_mlnt\mSv a‰p≈h¿ tNmZn®p:‘Xm¶ƒ F¥psIm≠v a‰p≈hcn¬\n∂pw `n∂ambn CXv ]dbp∂p?.’At±lw adp]Sn ]d™p: ‘Rm≥]dbp∂Xv F¥msW∂v F\n°vsXfnbn°m≥ km[n°pw. N¥bn¬]®°dnhn‰p sIm≠ncp∂ BsN°s‚ AΩbpsS ASpØv Rm≥t]mbncp∂p. Rm\htfmSv ]d™p:‘Fs‚ aItf Rm≥ tNmZn°p∂Xn∂v\o kXyk‘ambn adp]Sn]d™m¬ ]ctemIsØ in£bn¬\n∂v c£n°s∏Spw’. hmKvZm\w]men° Wsa∂v At±ltØmSvAhƒ Bhiys∏´p. d∫n AIn_mlvA{]Imcw kΩXn®p. ]t£Np≠pIƒ am{Xambncp∂p AXv]d™Xv. AbmfpsS lrZbw BhmKvZm\w \ntj[n®ncp∂p. AXn∂vtijw AhtfmSv tNmZn®p: ‘C\n]dbq, GXv XcØnep≈ ]p{X\mWnh≥ ?’ AXn∂v Ahƒ DØcw]d™p: ‘Rm≥ hnhmlw Ign®Znhkw B¿ØhImcnbmbncp∂p.CXv ImcWw Fs‚ `¿Ømhv Fs∂hnÍ∂ncp∂p. ]t£ Hcp ]nimNvFs‚ AcnIn¬ hcnIbpwFt∂msSm∏w ibn°p IbpwsNbvXp. Cu thgv®bnemWv F\n°vCh≥ P\n®Xv.’ Aßs\ bmWv. Cubphmhv Pmc\msW∂v am{Xa√B¿Øh Imcnbmbncn°ptºmƒ


amXmhn\v P\n®h\p amsW∂mWvF\n°v sXfn™Xv.’ d∫ntbmSvtNmZyw tNmZn®h¿ CXv tI´t∏mƒH∂S¶w {]Jym]n®p: ‘d∫n AIn_mlvalm\mWv. At±lw Xs‚ ]p¿hnIsckXys∏Sp Ønbncn°p∂p. Ah¿B›cys∏´p. tPmk^ns‚ aIs\∏‰nkXyw shfns∏SpØnb C{ktbens‚ssZhØn∂v kvXpXnbmbncn°s´!

\ΩpsS c£I\mb tbiphns\]‰nbpw At±lØns‚ amXmhvadnbsb]‰nbpw blqZ¿ a\ nem°nb P\\IY AhcpsS sXm¬ZmØvtPjzm(Tholdath Jescha˛tbiphns‚Xeapd) F∂ ]pkvXIØnepw CtXhm°pIfn¬ Xs∂ hnhcn®ncn°p∂p.

alm\mb tbiphns‚ hnip≤\maØn\pw {]XnNvOmb°pw ta¬

sImSpw]Ibp≈ At±lØns‚i{Xp°ƒ hmcnsbdn™ sI´p\mdp∂ amen\yßƒs°Xnsca\pjy\nep≈ am\yX {]Xntj[n°mXncn°n√. Xo¿®bmbpw tbiphns\ K¿`w [cn®Xv Nmcn{XhXnbpwhnip≤ I\yIbpamb a¿bamWv.\ΩpsS ssZhØns‚ ]cn[nbn√mØkrjvSneoeIf√msX as‰m∂pwXs∂tbiphns‚ K¿` [mcWØn¬kw`hn®nń√. EXpaXnbmbncn°ptºmƒ ]nimNpambn thgv® \SØnK¿`nWnbmbn F∂ ]cma¿iwIqSpX¬ \∂mbn tNcpI ]IbpsSK¿`w [cn°p∂ a\ pIƒ°mWv .IjvSw! hnip≤mXvam°fpsS [¿a]Xv\namsc°pdn®p am{Xa√AhcpsS hnip≤ amXm°ƒ

s°Xnscbpw at\m sshIrXw_m[n®hcpsS \mhpw XpenIbpwhnjhpw amen\yhpw No‰pIbmWv.

. . . . . . . .CØcw ss]imNnIambIfhpIfn¬ hnizkn°p∂h¿ hºn®shdpt∏m AtXm klXm ]tamGXmWv A¿ln°p∂X. vF\ns°m∂pw ]dbm≥ km[n°p∂n√ ’(The Thalmud Unmasked byRev.I.B.J. Pranites, chap1.p.30) 7

Reference : 1.Jewish encyclopeadia,www. jewish virtual library, jews, god and his-tory max .i. dimont, 2 hn. Jp¿B≥ 2:114

www.livius.org, 3 aØmbn 23:273, 4 tbml: 8:

42:˛45, 5 religious encyclopeadia ,under thetitleof anti semitism p. 324, 6 aØm: 27:25) 6, 7hristianity from facts to fiction - hadrath mirzatahir ahmad.

Im-cWw Ae-kX ]nSn-s]-´p. Zo\o

Ahÿ \√-Xmbn tXm∂n-bn-√. DjvW-

Im-e-am-bn-cp-∂p. D® ka-bw. Dd-ßp-

I-bm-bn-cp∂p Rm≥. Fs‚ Ah-km\

\nan -j-am -sW∂v F\n°v tXm∂n.

kz]v\-Øn¬ ImWp-I-bm-Wv. Rm≥

P\-ßƒ kwkm-cn-°p-∂Xv tIƒ°p-

∂p. F∂m¬ adp-]Sn H∂pw ]d-bm≥

Ign-bp-∂n-√. Fs∂ Ipfn-∏n-®p. I^≥

[cn-∏n -®p. Aßs\ Fs∂ adhp

sNbvXp. aÆn-´p. Fs∂ adhv sNbvXp

P\-ßƒ Xncn-®p-t]m-b-t∏mƒ J_¿

Ccp-h-i-Øp-\n-∂pw Fs∂ sRcp°n-°-

f-™p. AXv kln-°m≥ Ign-™n-cp-

∂n -√. At∏mƒ Fs‚ apºn¬

lZvdØv akolv auDuZv (A) \n¬°p-

∂p. Fs∂ Nq≠n-s°m≠v ]d-™p.

\nßƒ Ft∂mSv CXmtWm hmKvZm\w

sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xv.

Hcp hiØv Rm≥ hfsc {]bmkw

A\p-̀ -hn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. adp-̀ m-KØv

lZvdØv kmln-_ns‚ hm°p-Iƒ.

Rm≥ Iptd Ic-™p. Rm≥ ]d-™p.

lpkq¿ Rm≥ ad-∂p-t]m-b-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.

Ft∂mSv £an-®m-epw. C\n Rm≥ Hcn-

°epw CXn¬ Ipdhv hcp-Øp-∂-X-√.

lZvdØv kmln_v t]mbn. At∏mƒ

Fs‚ IÆv Xpd-∂p. B ka-bØv

Rm≥ `b-hn-lz-e\pw hfsc {]bm-k-

Øn-ep-am-bn-cp-∂p. AXv hnh-cn-°m≥

Ign-bn-√. IÆp-\o¿ Hgp-Ip-∂p-≠m-bn-

cp-∂p. t]Sn®v hnd-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

DSs\ Jn_ve°v t\sc Xncn™v \a-

kv°-cn-°m≥ XpS-ßn. Hcp Imew hsc

Cu kw`hw Fs∂ h√msX

thZ\n∏n®p. thZ-\bpw {]bm-khpw

D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

A°m-eØv h√-h-cnepw Ae-kX

D≠m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ Xs∂ A√mlp

Ah-tcmSv IcpW sNbvXp-sIm≠v Cu

coXn-bn¬ Ahsc Db¿Øp-I-bp-≠m-

bn. CXpw A√m-lp -hns‚ Hcp

kvt\l-{]-I-S-\-am-Wv.

lZvdØv akolv auDuZv (A) ]d-

bp-∂p: k¿Δ-i-‡\pw A\yq-\-\p-

amb A√m-lp-hn-s\-bmWv Ckvemw

ka¿∏n -®n -cn -°p-∂-Xv. Ah-t\mSv

\ap°v ZpB sNøm-hp -∂-Xm-Wv.

henb henb {]Xo-£-Iƒ Ah-\n¬

\n∂pw ]q¿Øn-bm-°m≥ km[n-°pw.

AXp-sIm-≠mWv Ah≥ kqd ̂ mØn-

lm-bn¬ ZpB ]Tn-∏n-®-Xv. \nßƒ

Ft∂mSv tNmZn-°p-I. ClvZn-\- kzn-dm-Ø¬ apkvXJow. kndmØ√Zo\A≥AwØ Asselnw -C-em-ln!

\ns‚ henb henb ^fvep-Ifpw

A\p-{K-l-ßfpw Cd-°-s∏-´-h-cpsS

am¿Kw \o Rßƒ°v ImWn-®p-X-tc-

W-ta. Cu ZpB \ap°v ]Tn-∏n-®p-X-

∂n-cn-°p-∂Xv Rßƒ hniz-kn®p

F∂v am{Xw ]d™v Ccn -°msX

\nßƒ {]h¿Ø-\-\n -c -X-cm-Ip-I.

A√m-lp-hns‚ kao-]-ÿ-cm-Im≥ Ic-

ÿ-am-°nb A\p-{K-l-ßƒ°mbn

\nßfpw ]cn-{i-an-°p-I.

ssZh-Iƒ∏-\-Iƒ \S-∏n¬ hcp-

ØpI F∂Xv Hcp hnØv hnX-°p-∂-

Xp-t]m-se-bm-Wv. AXns‚ kzm[o\w

Bflm-hn¬ D≠m-Ip-∂p. Irjn-bnSw

\\-°p-Ibpw ITn-\m-[zm-\-tØmsS

AXn¬ hnØv hnX-°p-Ibpw sNbvXv

H∂p-c≠v amkw Ign-™n´pw apf h∂n-

s√-¶n¬ B hnØv tami-am-Wv F∂v

[cn -t°≠nbncn -°p-∂p. C_m-Z -

Øns‚ Ah-ÿbpw CXp -X -s∂.

Hcmƒ A√mlphns\ GI\pw

]¶pImc-\n√mØh\pamsW∂v a\- n-

em-°p-Ibpw \a-kv°-cn -°p-Ibpw

t\msº-Sp-°p-Ibpw Ign-hns‚ ]c-am-

h[n ssZh-I-¬-∏-\-Iƒ ]men-°p-Ibpw

sNøp-Ibpw F∂n´pw A√m-lp-hns‚

]°¬ \n∂v {]tXy-I-amb Hcp klm-

bhpw Ah\v e`n-°p-∂n-s√-¶n¬,

Ah≥ hnX-°p∂ hnØv tami-am-

sW∂v a\- n-em-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

Cu \a-kv°mcw A\p-jvTn-®p-sIm-

≠mWv ]ecpw JpXzv_pw A_vZmepw

Bbn -´p -≈-X v . F∂m¬

\nßƒs°¥p-]-‰n? \nßƒ CX-\p-

jvTn-®n´pw Hcp KpWhpw \nß-fn¬

D≠m-Ip-∂n-√. Gs¥-¶nepw acp∂v

Iptd D]-tbm-Kn-®n´pw Hcp-Kp-Whpw

AXp-sIm-≠n-s√-¶n¬ B acp∂v icn-

b√ F∂v kΩ-Xnt® aXn-bm-Iq. Cu

Ahÿ Xs∂bmWv \a-kv°m-c-Øn-

s‚-Xpw.

Cu ktμiw a\- n-em-°p-∂-h-

cm°n A√mlp \sΩ am‰-s´. CX-\p-

k-cn®v Xß-fpsS PohnXw \bn-°p-∂-

h-cmbn amd-s´. A√mlp \ap°v

bYm¿∞ coXn-bn-ep≈ C_m-ZØv

sNøm≥ XuôJv \¬I-s´. Ahs‚

{]oXn Ic-ÿ-am°p∂h-cm°n \sΩ

am‰s´.

hnh¿Ø\w Fw. \mkn¿ AlvaZv

sImSnbØq¿

t]Pv 11 ¬ \n∂v XpS¿®


kndnbbn¬ _»mdp¬ AkZns‚

`cWØns\Xnsc 2011 am¿®n¬

Bcw`n® Iem]ßƒ ]›n

tajybnse Ad_v hk¥Øn\v

c‡Ohn Ie¿Øn òXnZØambn

apt∂dpIbmWv. CXn\Iw Iem]

Øn¬ ]Xn\mbnctØmfw BfpIƒ

acn®psh∂mWv dnt∏m¿´pIƒ

kqNn∏n°p∂X. v Ad_v hk¥

tØmS\p_‘n®v SpWojy,

CuPn]vXv, ba≥ F∂nhnSßfn¬

kam[m\]cambpw en_nbbn¬

c‡w Nn¥nbpw D≠mb `cWam‰w

kndnbbn¬ tNmc]q°ƒ hncnbp∂

òIc hk¥ambn amdptam?

Atacn°˛]›mXy iIvXnIfpsSbpw

kDuZnbpsSbpw t\XrXzØn¬ an°

Ad_v cmPyßfpw kndnb≥

`cWIqSØns\Xnsc Hcp `mKØpw

djy, ssN\, Cdm≥ F∂o cmPyßƒ

kndnb≥ `cW IqSØn\v A\pIqe

ambn adphiØpw c≠v tNcnI

fnembn \n¬°ptºmƒ, imw

tZihpambn _‘s∏´v {]hN\

ßfn¬ kqN\bp≈, Ahkm\

ImesØ h≥ bp≤ßfnte°v AXv

\bn°mXncn°s´ F∂v \ap°v

{]m¿Yn°mw.

A©v ]Xn‰m≠mbn \ne\n¬

°p∂ Ad_v _Akv tkmjyenkv‰v

]m¿ńbpsS `cWØn¬ \n∂v

hntamN\Øn\mbn kndnb≥ P\X

\SØp∂ Iem]ßƒ°v

Atacn°≥ ]m›mXy i‡nI

tfmsSm∏w kDuZn, Xp¿°n, JØ¿

F∂o cmPyßƒ ]Whpw ssk\nI

klmbhpw \¬In klm

bn°p∂p≠v. ]nXmhv lm^nkp¬

AkZv 2000 ¬ acn®Xn\v tijamWv

_»mdp¬ AkZv `cWta‰ SpØXv.

{_n´\n¬ hnZym`ymkw \n¿hln®v,

\∂mbn Cw•ojv kwkmcn°p∂

_»¿ Cw•ojpImcnsb Xs∂bmWv

hnhmlw Ign®Xv. F√m Ad_v

`cWm[nImcnItfbpw t]mse

P\m[n]XyØn\v ]p√phne

I¬∏n°p∂ Iq´Øn¬ s]´bmfmWv

_»¿. kndnbbnse Cu

{]t£m`Øn\v inbm kp∂n

kwL¿jØns‚ Hcpam\w IqSn

\¬Im≥ X¬]cI£nIƒ

{ian°p∂p≠v. {]t£m`w \SØp∂

`qcn]£w P\ßfpw kp∂nIfpw

`cn°p∂ _»mdp¬ AkZns‚

IpSpw_w "AehnIƒ' F∂dnb

s∏Sp∂ inbm hn`mKØn¬

s]´hcpamWv. \memw Jeo^

Aenøp_v\p A_oXmen_ns‚

\maØn¬ \n∂mWv Cu inbm

hn`mKØn\v AehnIƒ F∂ \maw

e`n®Xv. Cusbmcp ]›mØeamWv

kp∂n inbm kwL´\ambn kndnb≥

{]t£m`w Nn{XoIcn°s∏Sp∂Xv.

]m›mXy˛ Ckvdtb¬ i‡nIfpsS

e£y km£mXv°mcØn\v apkvenw

inbm hn`mKobXbpsS Cu \ndw

klmbIamWv. kndnb≥ `cWIqS

Øn\v Cdms‚ \n¿temàmb ]n¥pW

bpamhptºmƒ Nn{Xw ]q¿Wamhp∂p.

Ckvdmtbep ambn AXn¿Øn

]¶nSp∂ kndnb Ahcpambn ISpØ

i{XpXbnemWv. Cdms\ kndnbbp

ambSp∏n°p∂ LSIßfnsem∂m

WnXv.

2011 P\phcn 26 \v SqWokn¬

{]t£m`Øn\v XpS°w Ipdn® AtX

coXnbnemWv kndnb≥ Iem]Øn\pw

XpS°w Ipdn®Xv F∂Xv tIhew

bmZrNvOnIas√∂v IcpXp∂hcp≠v.

kndnb≥ `cWIqStØmSp≈ {]Xn

tj[w F∂ \ne°v l ≥ Aen

AJne F∂bmƒ Xo sImfpØn

BXvamlqXn sNøpIbmbn cp∂p.

c≠v ZnhkØn\v tijw AXns‚

{]Xntj[ambn \SØnb

{]IS\Øn¬ c≠v kndnb≥ t]meo

kpIm¿ sIm√s∏´p. ]n∂oSv kndnb

bnepS\ofw {]t£m`w Bfn∏S

cpIbmbncp∂p. C∂v Uamkv°

kS°w apgp kndnbtbbpw A{Iaw

{Kkn®ncn°pIbmWv. Atacn°bpw

]m›mXy cmPyßfpw Cu {]t£m`

sØ Bhp∂{X DuXn IØn°m≥

{ian°p∂p≠v. ]t£ en_nbbn¬

D≠mbXv t]mse Ad_v eoKns\

D]tbmKn®mWv Ah¿ kndnbsb

ssIImcyw sNøm≥ {ian°p∂Xv.

kndnbs°Xnsc Atacn° ]›mXy

cmPyßfpsS ]n¥pWtbmsS bpF≥

c£mkanXnbn¬ sIm≠ph∂

D]tcm[ {]tabw djybpw ssN\bpw

IqSnbmWv hot‰m sNbvXXv. XßfpsS

]¶mfnbmb Ckvdmtben\pth≠n

G‰hpw IqSpX¬ hot‰m {]tbmKn®

Atacn° CXns\Xns\Xnsc djybpw

ssN\tbbpw cq£ambn hna¿in

®n´p≠v. Ad_v eoKv AwKoIcn®

kndnb≥ `cWam‰ {]tabsØ

Np≠n°mń djytbbpw ssN\

tbbpw A\p\bn∏n°m\p≈ {iaØn

emWv Atacn°bpw ]m›mXy

tem_nbpw {ian°p∂Xv. `cWam‰w

sIm≠v AhcpsS Xm¬]cyßƒ°v

bmsXmcp lm\nbpw kw`hn°n√

F∂v t_m≤ys∏SpØm≥ Atacn

°bpw kJycmPyßfpw ]cky

ambpw clkyambpw {ian°p∂p≠v.

kndnb djybpsS Zo¿LIme

ssk\nI ]¶mfnbmWv. CubnsS

djybpsS 36 bm°v ss^‰¿

hnam\ßfmWv kndnb hmßnbXv.

AXvt]mse ssN\bn¬\n∂v kndnb

h≥ tXmXn¬ Bbp[ßƒ hmßn

°q´p∂p.

kndnb≥ {]t£mÌmcnIsf

kDuZn Atd_ybpw JØdpw

Xp¿°nbpamWv ]n¥pW°p∂Xv.

Ckvemankv‰pIƒ°v {]mapJyap≈

kndnb≥ \mjW¬ Iu¨knepw

kndnb≥ hntamN\ tk\bpamWv

{]t£m`Øn∂v t\XrXzw \¬Ip∂Xv.

Atacn°bpsSbpw ]›mXy cmPy

kndnb: c‡màmhp∂ Ad_v hk¥w

Ipdn∏pIƒ

apkm^n¿


ßfpsSbpw Ckvtbens‚bpw ]n¥p

Wbpw Bio¿hmZhpap≈ {]t£m`

Øn∂v A¬ JbvZ t\Xmhv Abva≥

A¬ khmlncnbpw ]n¥pW

{]Jym]n®n´p≠v. khmlncnbpsS

]n¥pW Atacn°≥˛ ]m›mXy

]n¥pWbpsS •ma¿ Ipd°psa∂

Xn\m¬ AXv aqSn sh°m\p≈

{iahpw \S°p∂p.

kndnb AS°w 22 AwKßfp≈

(Ct∏mƒ kndnbsb kkvs]‚ v

sNbvXncn°bmWv). Ad_v eoKns‚

\nco£W dnt∏m¿´ v ]›mXy

apJy[mcm am[yaßfpsS {]NmcW

ßƒs°Xncmbncp∂p. kpUm≥

{]Xn\n[n aplΩZv AlvaZv apkvX^

A¬ Zm_nbmbncp∂p Ad_veoKv

\nco£W kwLØns‚ Xeh≥.

kndnb≥ Kh¨sa‚ v am{Xa√

c‡s®mcn®nen\v ImcWw. AhnsS

Iem]w \SØp∂ kmbp[

{Kq∏pIfpsS A{IaWßfnemWv

knhnenb≥ Bƒ \miw IpSpX¬

kw`hn°p∂sX∂pw dnt∏m¿´ v

Nq≠n°mń. CXn\pt]m¬_eIamb

hkvXpXIfpw dnt∏m¿ń¬ ]cma¿

in®ncp∂p. Kh¨sa‚ v Bkq{XnX

ambn {]t£mÌsc ASn®a¿

Øp∂n√ F∂pw D≠mhp∂Xv H‰s∏´

kw`hßfmsW∂pw Ad_v eoKv

\nco£I≥ tcJs∏SpØn. Ad_v

eoKv \nco£Is‚ A`n{]mbw

kDuZnsbbpw ]Sn™md≥ am[y

aßfptSbpw {]NmcWØns\Xn

cmbncp∂p. CXv kDuZnsb

sNmSn∏n®Xns\ XpS¿∂v Ad_v eoKv

ZuXyw ]n≥hen°pIbp≠mbn.

AXns‚ Xeh\mbncp∂ A¬Zm_n

cmPnsh°m≥ \n¿_‘nX\mbn.

AXn\v tijw ]pXnb \nco£W

ZuXyØn\v th≠n A`y¿Yns®¶nepw

kndnb kΩXn®nń√. ]n∂oSv Ad_v

eoKns‚ ssItdm ao‰nßn¬ bp. F≥

Ad_v eoKv kwbp‡ kam[m\

tk\sb hn\ykn°m≥ bpF∂n

t\mSv Bhiys∏Sm≥ Xocpam\n

®n´p≠.v as‰mcp hkvXpX ]m›mXy

cmPyßfpsS ]n¥pWtbmsS sIm®p

cmPyamb JØ¿ Ad_v taJebnse

i‡amb cmPyambn hfcpIbmWv.

JØdmWv Ad_v eoKn\v CØhW

A≤y£X hln®Xv. êkvXo≥

AtXmdn‰nbpsS Dugambn´pw

JØdn\v ]ekvXo≥ sNb¿am≥

CØhWÿm\w Hgn™p sImSp°p

Ibmbncp∂p. ]Icw 400 an√y≥

tUmf¿ JØ¿ ]ekvXo≥

AtXmdn‰n°v \¬In. Ad_v eoKns\

kDuZnbpsS klmbtØmsS

]m›mXy tNcnbnte°v \bn°m\m

bncp∂p CsX∂v hy‡w. JØ¿

AaodmIs´ Xpd∂ \nebn¬

kndnbbn¬ ssk\nI CSs]S¬

thWsa∂ Bhiy°mc\mWv.

JØ¿ kz¥ambn Xs∂ kndnbbn¬

ssk\ysØ Ab°m\pw k∂≤

{]ISn∏n®n´p≠v. en_nbbnte°v

K±m^ns°Xnsc Iem]w \SØm≥

KqVam¿§Øn¬ BZyambn ssk\y

sØ Ab®Xv JØdpw {^m≥kpw

{_n´\pambncp∂p. Ad_v eoKns‚

krjvSn Xs∂ ]m›mXy Xm¬]cy

ßƒ°v th≠nbmbncp∂p F∂XmWv

hkvXpX. BtKmf apkvenw kaql

Øn¬ \n∂v GsX¶nepw hn[Ønep

≈ Hcp CkvemanI cmjv{Sob

Dbn¿sØgpt∂¬∏v D≠mhp∂Xv

]m›mXy i‡nIƒ `bs∏ńcp∂p.

BtKmf apkvenw im‡oIcWsØ

Xpc¶w sh°m≥ th≠nbmbncp∂p

temI apkvenw sFIyØn\v ]Icw

Ad_v tZiobXsb tI{μoIcn®v

sIm≠v Ad_v eoKv cq]oIcn®sX∂

kXyw \mw hnkvacn°cpXv. XpS°

Øn¬ kqDuZn Atd_y, CuPn]vXv,

CdmJv, {Sm≥kv, tPm¿±m≥, e_\m≥

F∂o Bdp cmPyßƒ am{Xambn

cp∂p Ad_v eoKn¬ D≠mbncp∂Xv.

c≠mw temI almbp≤m\¥cw

1945¬ {_nójv hntZiImcy sk{I´

dnbmbncp∂ B‚Wn CuU≥

{_nójv ]m¿esa‚n¬ sNbvX

{]kvXmh\sb XpS¿∂mWv Ad_v

eoKns‚ cq]oIcWw \S°p∂Xv.

lnPmkv `cn°p∂ Ad_nIfpsS

Iq´mbva D∂w sh°p∂ GXv

kwc`Øn\pw Xßƒ ]n¥pW°p

sa∂mbncp∂p {_nójv sk{I´dn

bpsS {]kvXmh\. AXvsIm≠v Ad_v

eoKns‚ t\XrXzØn¬ \n∂pw

]m›mXy i‡nIƒs°Xncmbns°m

≠p ≈ bmsXmcp Xocpam\ßfpw

D≠mhm≥ t]mhp∂n√.

dkq¬ Xncpta\n (k) Ahkm\

ImesØ k¿h\miw hnX°p∂

i‡nIfpsS ]pd∏mSns\ ]‰n ]d™

{]hN\ßƒ imapambn AYhm

kndnbbpambn _‘s∏´XmWv.

kndnb Dahn Jnem^Øns‚ Bÿm

\ambncp∂p. ]e ImeØpw AXn¿

Øn am‰nhc°s∏´ Hcp cmPyamWv

imw. \nch[n \mKcnI kwkvIrXn

IfpsS P∑`panbpw hf¿Øp`pan

bpamb kndnb AhbpsSsb√mw

D∞m\]X\ßƒ°v km£yw hln®

Ncn{X `qanbmWv. temIØns‚

]cnjv°cWØn\pw c£°pambn

A√mlp C°meØv\n tbmKn®b®

hmKvZØ akolv lZvdØv AlvaZv

(A)kndnbbpambn _‘s∏SpØn

]d™ alm{]hN\w \ΩpsS {i≤

bnep≠mbncn°Ww. AhnSp∂v

]d™p: temIØv hºn® Hcp

{]fbw(liv¿) D≠mIpw. AXp

H∂masØ {]fbambncn°pw. F√m

cmPm°∑mcpw (cmjv{Sßfpw)

]ckv]cw B{Ian°pw. temIw c‡w

sIm≠v \ndbpamdp tNmc sNmcn®nep

≠mIpw. Hmtcm cmPm° ∑mcptSbpw

{]PIƒ XΩnepw ̀ b¶ camb bp≤w

\S°pw. temI hym]Iamb Hcp

\miap≠mIpw. Cu F√m kw`hß

fpsSbpw tI{μw imw( kndnb)

Bbncn°pw. (XZv°ndØp¬ alvZn ˛

A_qlpdbvd (d) \nthZ\w sNøp∂p. \_n Xncpta\n (k)

Acpƒ sNbvXp. {]mIrXsc∂p tXm∂Ø°hn[w NoImsX

s]mSn]mdnb apSntbmSpIqSnb F{Xtbm BfpIfp≠v. Ah⁄

bm¬ hmXnepIƒ AhcpsS t\sc sImńbS°s∏Sp∂p.

F∂m¬ (Ah¿°v A√mlphns‚ ASpØv ÿm\ap≠v.)

A√mlphns‚ t]cn¬ Ah¿ BWbn´m¬ A√mlp AhcpsS

hm°pIƒ km£m¬°cn°pw.

(apkvenw)

Zp¿_etcmSp≈ klXm]w


Xlvco°v PZoZns‚ h¿jw \hwº¿ 1 apX¬

Bcw`n®v HIvtSm_¿ 31 \v Ahkm\n°p∂XmWv.

Jeo^Øp¬ akolns‚ CXv kw_‘n® hnfw_cw

CXn\v apºv \S ØnbXmWv. A\pKrloXamb Xlvco°v

PZoZns\ ]‰n AXns‚ ÿm]I\mb lZvdØv

Jeo^Øp¬ akolv c≠ma≥ ]dbp∂p:

Hm¿°pI, Cu ]≤Xn A√mlphn¬ \n∂p≈XmW.vAXn\m¬ Ah≥ Xo¿®bmbpw CXns\ D∂Xnbn¬FØn°p∂XmW.v CXns‚ am¿KØnep≈ XS ßsf√mw ZqcnIcn°p∂XmWv. `panbn¬ \n∂v AXn\p≈ kma{KnIƒ D≠mhp∂ns√¶n¬ BImiØp\n∂pwA√mlp AXn≥ta¬ A\p{Klw h¿jn°p∂XmWv.

Cu ]≤Xnbn¬ XymKat\m`mhtØmSp IpSn ]¶mfnIfmhp∂h¿ A\pKrloX¿! Fs¥∂m¬ CkvemanINcn{XØn¬ Ft∏mgpw AhcpsS t]cv BZcthmSpIqSn kvacn°p∂XmWv. A√mlphns‚ ka£Øn¶¬Ch¿°v {]tXyI ÿm\w e`n°p∂XmWv. Ah¿t¢iw kln®p sIm≠v Zo\ns‚ ZrVoIcWØn\vth≠n ]cn{ian®p. AhcpsS kwc£Ww A√mlpGs‰Sp°p∂XmWv. ssZhnI {]Imiw AhcpsSlrZbßfn¬ \n∂v ]pds∏ v́ temIsØ {]Imin∏n®psIm≠ncn°p∂XmWv. (A¬ ^k¬, 1939 k]vXº¿)

A\pKrloXamb Cu ]≤Xnbn¬ ]¶mfnIfmhpI.

h°oep¬ am¬, Xlvco°v PZoZv, JmZnbm≥.

Xlvco°v PZoZv hnfw_cw

sImSpß√q¿: aPvenkv A≥kmdp

√mbpsS FdWmIpfw taJem

X¿_nbØv Iymºv 2012 G{]n¬

22˛mw XobXn sImSpß√q¿

B^nbØv akvPnZn¬ sh®v \S∂p.

IpSp_ PohnXw sI´pd∏p

≈Xm°p∂ ImcyØn¬ PamA

ØwKßƒ {i≤ ]pe¿ØW

sa∂pw amXm]nXm°sf kwc£n

°p∂ ImcyØn¬ {]tXyIw

Du∂¬ \evIWsa∂pw Iymºn¬

A≤y£X hln® FdWmIpfw

A≥kmdp√m X¿_nbØv IymºvtkmW¬ Aao¿ _n. _n. AlvaZv

I_o¿ kmln_v A`n{]mbs∏´p.

Fw. Fw. A_vZp¿ dlow kmln_v

hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ ]mcmbWw

sNbvXp. auehn Fw. \mkn¿

AlvaZv kmln_v apJy {]`mjWw

\n¿hln®p. \mknw A≥km dp√mlv

]n. sI. imlp¬ laoZv kmln_v,

sImSp ß√q¿ PamAØv {]knU‚ v

ssk\p±o≥ kmln_v F∂nh¿

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