56
sF.Fð.Un.Fw Iym¼knse ie`dmWnamÀ Institute of Land and Disaster Management (Department of Revenue, Government of Kerala)
sF.Fð.Un.Fw Iym¼knse ie`dmWnamÀ
Institute of Land and Disaster Management (Department of Revenue, Government of Kerala)
“ angn-Xp-d¡q hÀ®-i-e- -̀§tf \n§Ä I\n-hnsâ Dd-hIÄ In\n-b-t«bo `qhn DZ-b-kq-cy³ {]` sNmcn-bp-t¼mÄ \n³ Nnd-InÂ
Pohsâ s]m³ Xfn-cp-IÄ ]oen-hn-SÀ¯s«bo a®n” .
(sI.Fw)
Script: Dr. Keshav Mohan Amalraj.M Faisel T Illiyas
Published by: Institute of Land and Disaster Management Department of Revenue, Government of Kerala January 2014
Photography and Identification of Butterflies Toms Augustine, School of Environmental Scences, M G University, Kottayam
sF.Fð.Un.Fw Iym¼knse ie`dmWnamÀ
Nn{Xie`§fpsS ImenI{]kàn
\msS§pw Gähpw Kuchambn NÀ¨ sN¿s¸Spó Hcp
hnjbamWv ImemhØ hyXnbm\hpw ]cnØnXn
aen\oIcWhpw. am\hnIXbpsS {]bmW¯n\v XSÊw
\nð¡póXn\v ]ckv]cw aÕcn¡pó ]qcI§fmWv Ch
cïpw. a\pjycminbpsS AkvXa\¯n\pXsó
ImcWamtb¡mhpó Cu cïp LSI§fpsSbpw kzm[o\w,
\½psS Npäp]mSnð Gdnhcpóptïm Fóv Xncn¨dnbm³
\s½ klmbn¡pó {]hmNIòmcmWv ie`§Ä.
BhmkhyhØbnse t\cnb hyXnbm\w t]mepw
ie`§fpsS PohnXN{Is¯ hfsctbsd tZmjIcambn
_m[n¡póp. Xm]\nebnepïmIpó t\cnb hyXnbm\w
ie`§sf ]pXnb Xmhf§Ä tXSpóXn\v {]tNmZn¸n¡póp.
Hcp {]tZi¯p\nópw ie`§Ä DñmXmIpóXv, C¯cw Hcp
hyXnbm\w A´co£¯nð kw`hn¨Xn\memsWóv
IcpXmhpóXmWv.
ie`§fpsS PohnXN{Iw t\cn«pIïp
a\Ênem¡póXnte¡v s]mXpP\§Ä, hnZymÀ°nIÄ
XpS§n kaql¯nsâ \m\mXpdIfnepapÅhÀ¡v
iet`mZym\w D]Imc{]ZamIpóp. CXv ]cnØnXn
kwc£W¯nsâbpw ssPh sshhn[y¯nsâbpw
BhiyIX P\§sf t_m[ys¸Sp¯póp.
ie`§Ä¡\ptbmPyamb BhmkhyhØsbmcp¡póXv
AhbpsS PohnX{Iaw a\Ênem¡nbn«mbncn¡Ww.
Hcp ]q¼mä P\n-¡p¶p Hcp Nn{Xie`¯nsâ PohnXw 4 L«§fnembmWv
kw`hn¡póXv.
1. ap«- 2. emÀh 3. -]yq-¸- 4. -]q-¼mä.
ap«-þ-emÀh-þ-]yq-¸-þ-]q-¼mä F¶o L«-§-fn-em-bmWv
]q¼m-ä-bpsS PohnXw Bcw`n-¡p-¶-Xv. Cu Imew Xs¶ GI-
tZiw 1þ1 1/2 amkw ka-b-ssZÀLy-ap-Å-Xm-Wv.
]q¼mä-bpsS Pohn-X-¯nsâ XpS¡w s]¬ ]q¼mä
CSp¶ ap«-bn-em-Wv. ]q¼mä ap«-bn-Sp-¶Xv hfsc Icp-X-temsS
Xs¶-bm-Wv. ap« hncn-ªn-d-§p¶ ]pgp-¡p-ªn\v/ emÀÆ¡v
`£-W-am-¡m-hp¶ Xcw kky-§-fn am{Xta AXv ap«-bn-Sm-
dp-Åq. AsÃ-¦n AXn-\-Sp¯p \n¡p¶ kky-§-fntem
Hmtcm-Xcw ]q¼m-ä-bp-sS emÀÆ¡pw Ht¶m AXn-e-[n-Itam
Xcw `£W kky-§Ä D−v. Cu `£W kky-§sf Host
Plant F¶p hnfn-¡p-¶p.
ap« hncn-ªn-d-§p¶ emÀÆ BZyw ap«-t¯mSpw
XpSÀ¶v Host Plant sâ Xfn-cn-e-Ifpw `£-W-am-¡p-¶p. kq£va-
ambn \nco-£n-¨m ChÀ h¼³ Xoä-¡mÀ BsW¶p \ap¡p
t_m²y-s¸-Spw. A§s\ Xn¶p hfcp¶p. ChÀ Bh-iy-amb
hfÀ¨ F¯n-bm A\p-tbm-Py-amb HcnSw Is−¯n
AhnsS ]yq¸ IqSp-−m-¡p-¶p. Xsâ Xs¶ ico-c-¯nÂ
\n¶pÅ {Zh-§-fpsS klm-b-t¯msSbmWv ChÀ Cu IqSv
\nÀ½n-¡p-¶-Xv. Cu IqSn-\p-Ån ]pgp-hmbn \S¶ emÀÆ
kam[n Ah-Ø-bn Ipd-¨p-Imew Ignbp¶p. Cu Ime-L-«-
¯n-emWv ]pgp-hn ]cn-Wm-a-§Ä kw -̀hn-¡p-¶Xpw sasÃ
]q¼m-ä-bmbn amdp-¶-Xpw. ]−p-]-Tn¨ 3þmw ¢mÊnse ]Zy-
¯n ]d-bp-¶-Xp-t]mse Hcp-\mÄ kqcy-\p-Zn-¨p-b-cp-t¼mÄ
hnScpw Nnd-Ip-IÄ hoin ]pd-¯p-h¶ Ag-Ip-Xp-Sn¡pw ]q¼m-ä-
I-fm-bn.
kam[n ]qÀ¯n-bm-Ip¶ apd¡v ]yq¸ IqSv kzbw
Xpd¶v Hcp ]q¼m-ä-bmbn shfn-bn h¶v, Ipd-¨p-t\cw
shbn sIm−v Nnd-Ip-I-sfms¡ \¶mbn hnSÀ¯n ]d-¡m³
XpS-§pI-bm-bn.
]pgp Bbncn¡pó AhØbnð ie`¡pªp§Ä
sNSnIfpsS XfncneIÄ Blmcam¡póp. Fómð ]qÀ®
hfÀ¨sb¯nb ie`w, tX³, \ómbn ]gp¯ ]g§fpsS
\ocv, arK§fpsSbpw ]£nIfpsSbpw hnkÀÖy¯nð
\nópÅ {Zh]ZmÀ°§Ä XpS§nbh Blmcam¡póp.
AXpsImïpXsó Hcp iet`mZym\¯nð ie`¯n\v ap«bn«v
]pgphn\v hfcm\mhiyamb sNSnIfpw Ah¡v Blmcw
e`n¡pó sNSnIfpw BhiyamWv.
ie`§sf BIÀjn¡pó kky§Ä
þ Bhmk¯n\pw emÀÆmhØbnse `£W¯n\pw
þ tX³ e`n¡póh
iet`mZym\w
{]IrXnbpambn Gähpw CW§n Pohn¡phm³
B{Kln¡póhcmWv Nn{Xie`§Ä. AXpsImïpXsó Hcp
iet`mZym\w \nÀ½n¡póXn\v, Ahcm{Kln¡pó
Hc´co£w krjvSn¨psImSp¯mð am{Xw aXnbmIpw. \Ã
ssPh-ssh-hn-[y-apÅXpw shbn In«p-¶Xpw Bb {]tZ-i-am-
bn-cn-¡Ww ie-t`m-Zym-\-¯n-\mbn sXc-sª-Sp-t¡-−-Xv.
km[mcWKXnbnð [mcmfw ImSpIfpw Ipäns¨SnIfpw
aäpapÅXn\v kao]{]tZi§fmWv iet`mZym\¯n\v Gähpw
A\ptbmPyw. ac-§-fpw, sNSn-Ifpw, ]q¡-fpw, shÅhpw DÅ
GsXmcp A -́co-£hpw ]q¼m-ä-Isf amSn-hn-fn-¡p¶ kt¦-X-
§-fm-Wv. AXv \mSm-bm-epw, \K-c-am-bm-epw. ie- -̀§Ä¡v
tX³\p-I-cm³ ]änb ]q¡-fp-−m-Ip¶ sNSn-IÄ AtX-t]mse
ap«-bnSm³ ]änb sNSn-Ifpw Ds−-¦n \nÝ-b-ambpw ie- -̀§-
fpsS hnlm-c-tI-{µ-am-IpI Xs¶ sN¿pw. X§-fpsS PohnX
N{I-¯n\v kzm[o\w sNep-¯m³ Ign-bp¶ Alkaloid
]pds¸Sp-hn-¡p¶ sNSn-IÄ Chsb amSn-hn-fn-¡pw.
DZym\¯nsâ hen¸hpw AXnse kkyeXmZnIfpsS
sshhn[yhpw GdpóXv AhnsS hcm\nSbpÅ
Nn{Xie`§fpsS F®¯nepw hÀ²\hpïm¡pw. ie-t`m-
Zym-\-\nÀ½mWw. .
C¯cw DZym-\-¯n \«p-h-fÀt -̄−p¶ Nne kky-
§-fpsS t]cp-IÄ NphsStNÀ¡p-¶p.
1. sN¯n (Ixora coccinea)
2. IrjvW-In-coSw(Clerodendrum Paniculatum)
3. Inep-¡n sNSn(Crotalaria Retusa)
4. Idn-th¸v (Murraya koenigii)
5. sN¼-c¯n (Hibiscus)
6. cmP-aÃn(Caesalpinia pulcherrima)
7. sIm§nWn(Lantana)
ie- -̀§Ä tX³ \pI-cm\pw ap«-bn-Sp-hm\pw sNSn-Isf
B{i-bn-¡p-t¼mÄ, Xncn¨v sNSn-IÄ¡pw klmbw e`n-¡p-
¶p-−v. ]q¡-fnse ]qs¼mSn aäp sNSn-I-fn-te-s¡-¯n¨v
Ah-bn ]cm-KWw km²y-am-¡p-¶Xv ie- -̀§-fm-Wv.
tIcf¯nð km[mcW Iïphcpó ie`§Ä
ie`§sf BIÀjn¡póXnð \sñmcp ]¦v
B{]tZis¯ ImemhØbmWv. 24þ26oC NqSpw 85þ95%
BÀ{ZXbpw Fñm ie`§Ä¡pw kzoImcyamb
ImemhØbmWv. IqSmsX Bhiy¯n\p kqcy{]Imiw,
Ipäns¨SnIÄ, ac§Ä, XWð{]tZi§Ä, kao]¯mbn
Acphntbm Ipftam aäv Pemib§tfm FñmwXsó Chsb
BIÀjn¡pó LSI§fmWv. AXpsImïpXsó
iet`mZym\¯nð Ir{Xnaambn \nÀ½n¡pó Ipfw, Pe[mc,
shŨm«w Ch A\nhmcyLS§fmWv. iet`mZym\¯nð
\nÀ½n¡s¸Spó hgn¯mcIfpw AXneqsS
\S¡phms\ót]mse, ie`§Ä¡v ]mdn¡fn¡m\pÅ
CShpambn amdpóp. DZym\¯nð hbv¡pó t_mÀUpIÄ,
DZym\¯nsâ at\mlmcnX hÀ²n¸n¡pI am{Xañ
ie`§fpsS PohnXN{Is¯¡pdn¨v kµÀiIÀ¡v
kq£aÚm\w \evIm\pw D]Icn¡pw.
`£Ww
]Ãp-I-tfm, hmtbm CÃm¯ Pohn-bmWv ]q¼m-ä. ico-c-
¯nsâ ap³`m-K-¯pÅ Npcp-«p-hm\pw \nhÀ¯p-hm-\pw, Ign-
bp-¶-Xcw Hcp Ipg D]-tbm-Kn-¨mWv ]q¼mä Blmcw Ign-
¡p-¶-Xv. {Zmh-I-cq-]-¯n-epÅ `£Ww am{Xta ]q¼m-äbv¡v
Cu Ipg-en-eqsS hen-s¨-Sp¯v Blm-c-am-¡m³ Ign-bq.
an¡-hmdpw ]q¼m-ä-IÄ ]q¡-fnse tX³ \pIÀ¶mWv
Pohn-¡p-¶-Xv. Nne-h-bm-Is« Agp-Inb ]g-§fpw, ]£n-þ-ar-Km-
Zn-I-fpsS hnkÀPy-§Ä F¶n-hbpw Blm-c-am-¡m-dp-−v.
Mud Puddling a®n ]q¼m-ä-Iq«w Hcp-an-¨n-cp¶v tX³ \pI-cp¶
t]mepÅ ImgvN kÀÆ-km-[m-c-W-am-Wv. CXv, arK-§-fpsS
aq{Xhpw aäpw hoW a®v BIm-\mWv km²y-X. ChnsS
\n¶pw e`n-¡p¶ eh-W-§Ä ]q¼m-ä-I-fpsS \ne-\n-ev]n\pw
{]P-\\ {]{In-b-IÄ¡pw Hgn¨pIqSm-\m-Im-¯-Xm-Wv.
]q¼m-ä-I-fpsS Pohn-Xs¯ {]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n-¡p¶ LS-I-
§Ä
• klysâ aSn-¯«mb tIcfw 320 Hmfw Xcw ]q¼m-ä-I-
fpsS Bhm-k-tI-{µ-am-Wv. Ce-s]m-gnbpw h\-§-fpw,
\nXy-l-cn-X-h-\-§-fpw, ]pÂta-Sp-I-fp-saÃmw Hmtcm C\w
]q¼m-ä¡pw AXn-\-\p-tbm-Py-amb Bhm-k-hy-h-Ø-
sbm-cp-¡p-¶p. Cu Bhmk hyh-Ø-I-fn a\p-jysâ
CS-s]-SÂ ]q¼m-ä-I-fpsS Pohn-Xs¯ hf-sc-tbsd {]Xn-
Iq-e-ambn _m[n-¡p-¶p-−v.
• Imem-h-Øm-hy-Xn-bm\w aqeapÅ {]Xym-Lm-X-§Ä
\nc-h-[n-bm-Wv. Imem-h-Ø-bn-ep-−m-Ip¶ hyXym-kw,
Host Plant-sâbpw tX³ e`y-am-Ip¶ kky-§-fp-sSbpw
\ne-\n¸ns\ XInSw adn-¡p-¶p. CXv Cu Bhm-k-hy-
h-Ø-bn Pohn-¡p¶ ie- -̀§-fpsS Migration (Iq-«-ambn
tZim-S\w sN¿p-¶-Xv)-vþ\v Imc-W-am-Ip-¶p.
• CXn-s\Ãmw ]pd-sa-bmWv {]IrXym DÅ i{Xp-¡Ä.
Hm´p-IÄ, Nne-´n-IÄ, hmh-ep-IÄ F¶n-h-sbÃmw ie-
-̀§sf `£-W-am-¡m-dp-−v. Npäp-]m-Sp-I-tfmSv CW§n
Pohn-¡p¶ \nd-§Ä kzoI-cn-¨pw, Cc-]n-Sn-b-·mÀ¡v
Xmev]-cy-an-Ãm¯ ie- -̀§-fpsS cq]w A\p-I-cn-¨p-saÃmw
ChÀ c£-s¸-Sm³ X{ -́§fpw Bhn-jv¡-cn-¡m-dp-−v.
• IqSmsX IoS-\m-in-\n-I-fpsS AanX D]-tbm-Kw, kÀ¸-
Im-hp-I-fp-sS-bpw, sXmSn-I-fp-sSbpw D³aq-e\w aqew
D−m-Ip¶ kky-§-fpsS \miw, A]qÀÆ ie- -̀§-fpsS
tiJ-cWw F¶n-h-sbÃmw ie- -̀§-fpsS Pohn-Xs¯
{]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n-¡p-¶p. Npäp-]m-Sp-I-fnse amä-§-
tfmSv hf-sc- s]-s«¶v {]Xn-I-cn-¡p¶ ]q¼m-ä-IÄ
Btcm-Ky-apÅ Bhm-k-hy-h-Ø-bpsS Key indicators
Bbn {]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶p.
sF.Fð.Un.Fw Iym¼knð Isï¯nb ie`dmWnamÀ
*************************
1. t]cv: Common Rose (\m«p-tdmkv)
imkv{Xo-b-\maw:Pachliopta aristolochiae Fabricius Nnd-Ip-\ofw: 80-þ110 mm I−p-h-cp¶ `q{]-tZ-i-§Ä: C´y, ]mIn-Øm³, ssN\,{ioe-¦, ate-jy BIÀjn-¡-s -̧Sp¶ kky-§Ä: KcpUs¡mSn, kqcy-Im-´n,
ko\n-b, IrjvW-In-co-Sw (Clerodendrum paniculatum), sIm§nWn, Aev¸w (Thottia Siliquosa). aäp khn-ti-j-X-IÄ:
(1) ag-¡m-e-¯mWv Cu Nn{X-i-e-`s¯ kpe- -̀ambn I−p-h-cp-¶-Xv.
(2) C´y-bnse hmen\p \ofw IqSnb Nn{X-i-e- -̀§-fn ImWm³ Gähpw `wKn-bp-ÅXpw \m«p-tdmkv Xs¶.
2.t]cv: Common Bluebottle (\oe-¡p-Sp¡)
imkv{Xob\maw: Graphium sarpedon Linnaeus
NndIp\ofw:80-90mm I−p-h-cp¶ `q{]-tZ-i-§Ä: C´y, ssN\, {ioe-¦, Xmbvhm³, Hmkvt{S-en-b, Ct´m-t\jy
BIÀjn-¡-s -̧Sp¶ kky-§Ä: Ac-W-acw (Polyaithia lngifolia), hg\, apf-Iv\m-dn. aäp khn-ti-j-X-IÄ:
(1) \oe-¡p-Sp¡ hfsc thK-X-bp-Å-h\mWv. (2) km[m-c-W-bmbn ]pg-I-fp-sSbpw Acp-hn-I-fp-sSbpw
Xoc-§-fn Cu ]q¼m-ä-IÄ sNfn-bq-ä (mud-puddling) {]{Inb \S-¯p-¶-Xmbn I−p-h-cp-¶p.
(3) Ch-bpsS Nnd-In\p a²y-`m-K-¯mbn abn¸oen \nd-¯n hoXn-Iq-Snb Hcp hc-bp-−v. kqcy-{]-Im-i-¯n CXv Xnf-§p-¶Xp ImWm³ Hcp {]tXyI `wKn-bm-Wv.
3.t]cv: Tailed Jay (hnd-hme³)
imkv{Xob\maw: Graphium agamemnon Linnaeus
NndIp\ofw: 85-90mm I−p-h-cp¶ `q{]-tZ-i-§Ä: C´y, t\¸mÄ, {ioe-¦, sX¡³ ssN\, aym³amÀ, emthm-kv, Hmkvt{S-enb BIÀjn-¡-s -̧Sp¶ kky-§Ä: B¯, Ac-W-a-cw, hg\
(cinnamomum malabatrum) aäp khn-ti-j-X-IÄ:
(1) Infn-hm-e³ Nn{X-i-e- -̀§-fpsS IpSpw-_-¯nÂs¸-Sp¶ Chsb Z£n-tW-´y-bn kÀÆ-km-[m-c-W-ambn I−p-h-cp-¶p.
(2) Idp-¸n ]¨-\n-d-¯n-epÅ s]m«p-IÄ Ch-bpsS Nnd-Insâ BIÀj-Wo-bXbpw AgIpw hÀ²n-¸n-¡p-¶p. hn{i-a-th-f-I-fn B¸nÄ ]¨-\n-d-¯n-epÅ Cu s]m«p-IÄ hfsc hyà-ambn ImWmw. hnd-hm-e-³ Nn-{X-i-e- -̀§Ä s]mXpth DÕm-ln-I-fm-Wv. ]pjv]-§-fn \n¶v tX³ \pI-cp-t¼mÄ t]mepw Ch ià-ambn Nnd-I-Sn-¡m-dp-−v. hnd-hme³ F¶ t]cn\p ]nd-Inse Imc-Whpw CXp-X-s¶.
4.t]cv: Lime Butterfly (\mc-I-i-e`w)
imkv{Xob\maw: Papilio demoleus Linnaeus
NndIp\ofw: 80-100mm I−p-h-cp¶ `q{]-tZ-i-§Ä: C´y, ]mIn-Øm³, a²y-þ-]qÀth-jy, Ico-_n-b³ cmPy-§Ä.
BIÀjn-¡-s -̧Sp¶ kky-§Ä: \mc-Iw (Citrus sp.), Idn-th-¸v, hcn-acw (Chloroncylon Swietenia), ap«-\mdn (Acronychia pedunculata) aäp khn-ti-j-X-IÄ:
(1) Idp-¸nÂa-ª-\n-d-¯n-epÅ At\Iw s]m«p-Ifpw \o−-]m-Sp-I-fp-sam-s¡-bpÅ Chsb kÀÆ-km-[m-c-W-ambn I−p-h-cp-¶p.
(2) \mc-I-s¯-B-{i-bn-¡p¶ Nn{X-i-e- -̀am-b-Xn-\m-emWv Chbv¡v B t]cp-h-¶-Xv.
(3) aäp Infn-hm-e³ Nn{X-i-e- -̀§sf At]-£n¨v Chbv¡v \o− hmen-Ã. ag-¡mew Ign-bp-t¼m-gmWv ie- -̀§sf IqSp-X-embn ImWm³ km[n-¡p-¶-Xv.
5.t]cv: Common Mormon (\mc-I-¡mfn)
imkv{Xob\maw: Papilio polytes Linnaeus
NndIp\ofw: 90-100mm I−p-h-cp¶ `q{]-tZ-i-§Ä: C´y, ]mIn-Øm³, t\¸mÄ, {ioe-¦, aym³amÀ, Ct´m-t\-jy, Bâ-am³ \nt¡m-_mÀ BIÀjn-¡-s -̧Sp¶ kky-§Ä: \mc-Iw, Idn-th¸v aäp khn-ti-j-X-IÄ:
(1) A\p-I-c-W-¯m t]cp-tI« Hcp Nn{X-i-e- -̀amWv
\mc-I-¡m-fn. C´y-bn Chsb Batesian A\p-I-c-W-¯n\v D¯a DZm-l-c-W-ambn IW-¡m-¡p-¶p. AXm-bXv i{Xp-¡-fn \n¶pw c£-s¸-Sm³ `£y-tbm-Ky-a-
Ãm¯ Nn{X-i-e- -̀§-fpsS (Common rose, crimson rose) \nd-§Ä A\p-I-cn-¡p¶ coXn.
(2) Ch {][m-\-ambpw BIÀjn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv \mc-I-§-fn--emWv. AXn-\m-emWv Chbv¡v \mc-I-¡mfn F¶ t]cv.
(3) B¬-þ-s]¬ ie-§Ä¡v \nd-hy-Xym-k-ap-−v. {]`m-X-§-fn Ce-I-fn shbn Imbms\¯p-t¼mÄ \ndw t\m¡n Chsb s]s«¶p Xncn-¨-dn-bmw.
6.t]cv: Blue Mormon (IrjvW-i-e`w)
imkv{Xob\maw: Papilio polymnestor Cramer
NndIp\ofw: 120-150mm I−p-h-cp¶ `q{]-tZ-i-§Ä: Z£n-tW-´y-bn-epw, {ioe-¦-bnepw kÀÆ-km-[m-c-W-ambn I−p-h-cp-¶p. BIÀjn-¡-s -̧Sp¶ kky-§Ä: \mc-Iw, Im«p-\m-c-Iw, Xp¸-
ew-s]m«n (Asystasia Gangentica)
aäp khn-ti-j-X-IÄ: (1) ià-ambn ag-e-`n-¡p¶ {]tZ-i-§-fn [mcm-f-ambn
I−p-h-cp-¶p. (2) ImgvN-bn Idp-¯ncp−Xmbn ImW-s¸-Sp-¶-Xp-sIm-
−v Chsb IrjvWie`w F¶p hnti-jn-¸n-¡p-¶p. (3) shbn-e¯v ]d¶p \S-¡m-\mWv B¬ ]q¼m-ä-
IÄ¡v CjvSw. t\tc-a-dn¨v XW-e¯v hn{i-an-¡m-\mWv s]¬ ]q¼m-ä-IÄ¡v Xmev]-cyw.
(4) s]mXpth AÂ]w [rXn-bp-Å-h-cmWv Cu C\-¯nÂs¸« ie- -̀§Ä. hfsc thK-¯n Htc-Zn-i-bn ]d-¡p¶hcmWv ChÀ.
7.t]cv: Common Mime (hg\ ie`w)
imkv{Xob\maw: Chilasa clytia Linnaeus
NndIp\ofw: 90-120mm I−p-h-cp¶ `q{]-tZ-i-§Ä: C´y, {ioe-¦, Xmbvemâv, sX¡³ ssN\, emthm-kv, ate-jy, Ct´m-t\-jy BIÀjn-¡-s -̧Sp¶ kky-§Ä: IÀ¸qcw (Cinnamomum Camphora), Alseodaphne semicarpifolia, Cinnamonum macrocarpum etc. aäp khn-ti-j-X-IÄ:
(1) \mc-I-¡m-fn-sb-t¸mse Batesian A\p-I-c-W-¯n\v D¯a DZm-l-c-W-amWv hg\ ie-`w. {][m-\-ambpw Ac-fn-i-e-`w, \oe-¡-Sph apX-emb ie- -̀§-sf-bmWv Ch A\p-I-cn-¡m-dp-Å-Xv.
(2) ae-{¼-tZ-i-§-fn km[m-c-W-ambn I−p-h-cp¶ Ch s]cp-Ip-¶Xv ag-¡m-e-¯m-Wv.
(3) hg-\-i-e- -̀¯nsâ {][m\ BIÀj-Wo-b-X, ]n³Nn-d-In ASn-h-i-¯mbn ImWp¶ aª-]p-Ån-bm-Wv.
8.t]cv: Common Emigrant (aª-¯-I-c-ap¯n)
imkv{Xob\maw: Catopsilia pomona Fabricius
NndIp\ofw: 55-80mm I−ph-cp¶ `q{]-tZ-i-§Ä: Z£n-tW-´y, Hmkvt{S-enb
BIÀjn-¡-s -̧Sp¶ kky-§Ä: IWn-s¡m-¶, B\-¯-I-c
(Senna alata), ¹miv (Butea monosperma), Bcw-]pfn (Baubinia), XI-c-acw (Pterocarpus indicus) aäp khn-ti-j-X-IÄ:
(1) ]oX-þ-tizX hÀ®-§-fn ImW-s¸-Sp¶ aª-¯-I-c-ap¯n \½psS \m«n³]p-d-§-fn Gähpw IqSp-X-embn ImW-s¸-Sp-¶p.
(2) ag-¡m-e-¯n\p ap¼p-Xs¶ Ch tZim-S\w sN¿m-dp-−v.
9.t]cv: Mottled Emigrant (XI-c-ap¯n)
imkv{Xob\maw: Catopsilia pyranthe Linnaeus
Nnd-Ip-\ofw: 50-þ70 mm I−p-h-cp¶ `q{]-tZ-i-§Ä: Z£ntWjy, sX¡p-In-gt¡ Gjy, B{^n-¡, Hmkvt{S-en-b.
BIÀjn-¡-s -̧Sp¶ kky-§Ä: XIc (pterocarpus indius), IWns¡m¶ aäp khn-ti-j-X-IÄ:
(1) ImgvN-bn aª-¯-I-c-ap-¯n-tbmSv kmZriyw tXm¶n-¡p¶ Ch-bpsS \ndw shÅtbm ]¨-I-eÀ¶ shÅtbm BWv. Ahn-S-hn-sS-bmbn Xhn-«p-]p-Ån-IÄ ImWm-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.
10.t]cv: Common Grass Yellow (aª-¸m-¸m¯n)
imkv{Xob\maw: Eurema hecabe Linnaeus
NndIp\ofw: 40-50mm I−p-h-cp¶ `q{]-tZ-i-§Ä: Gjy, B{^n¡
BIÀjn-¡-s -̧Sp¶ kky-§Ä: Ip¶n (Abrus precatorius), A-t¡jy
aäp khn-ti-j-X-IÄ:
(1) CuÀ¸-apÅ Imem-h-Ø-bn aª-\n-d-¯nepw hc− Imem-h-Ø-bn a§n-\-c¨ \nd-¯nepw ImW-s¸-Sp-¶p.
(2) Xpd-Êmb ]pÂta-Sp-I-fnepw aäpw ImW-s¸-Sp¶ Ch Xd-tbmSv tNÀ¶v hnl-cn-¡m³ Xmev]-cy-s¸-Sp-¶-h-cm-Wv.
11.t]cv: Three-spot Grass Yellow (]pÅn-¸m¸m¯n)
imkv{Xob\maw: Eurema blanda Boisduval
NndIp\ofw: 40-45mm I−p-h-cp¶ `q{]-tZ-i-§Ä: Gjy, B{^n¡
BIÀjn-¡-s -̧Sp¶ kky-§Ä : tImhn-Zmcw (Bauhinia purpurea), Iqd-apÅv (Caesalpinia mimosides) aäp khn-ti-j-X-IÄ:
(1) s]mXpth aª-\n-d-¯n ImW-s¸-Sp-¶p. C¡q-«-cpsS ap³ Nnd-Ip-I-fpsS Xmsg-`m-K-¯mbn ImW-s¸-Sp¶ Xhn-«p-\n-d-¯n-epÅ aq¶v ]pÅn-IÄ hfsc hnin-jvS-am-Wv.
(2) ]pg-I-fp-sSbpw Acp-hn-I-fp-sSbpw Xoc-§-fn Ch
Iq«w-tNÀ¶v mud puddlingþ GÀs¸-Sp-¶Xv hfsc at\m-l-c-amb Hcp Zriy-am-Wv.
(3) s]¬i-e-`w, Hä-¯-hW BXn-tY-b-k-ky-¯n-Â \qdn-tesd ap«-IÄ hsc CSm-dp-−v.
12.t]cv: Common Jezebel (hnem-kn\n Nn{X-i-e`w)
imkv{Xob\maw: Delias eucharis Drury
NndIp\ofw: 66-83mm I−p-h-cp¶ `q{]-tZ-i-§Ä: C´y, {ioe-¦, aym³amÀ, Xmbvemâ BIÀjn-¡-s -̧Sp¶ kky-§Ä: C¯nÄ¡®n aäp khn-ti-j-X-IÄ:
(1) t]cp-t]mse Xs¶, Delias P\p-ÊnÂs¸-Sp¶ ie- -̀§-fn kmam-t\y\ I−p-h-cp¶ C\-amWv C¡q-«À.
(2) s]mXpth Iui-e-¡m-cmb C¡q-«sc ]nSn-¡m³ {]bm-k-am-Wv. i{Xp-hns\ ImWp-t¼mÄ N -̄Xp-t]mse InS¶v c£-s¸-Sm³ ChÀ¡-dn-bmw. IqSmsX emÀh-IÄ¡v hnjmw-i-ap-Å-Xn-\m Cc-]n-Sn-b-·mÀ Ch-scbpw Xncn-ªp-t\m-¡m-dn-Ã.
(3) Nnd-Ip-IÄ CS-I-eÀ¶ \nd-¯n hfsc at\m-l-c-§-fmbn ImW-s¸-Sp-¶p.
13. t]cv: Psyche (s]m«p-sh-Åm«n)
imkv{Xob\maw: Leptosia nina Fabricius
NndIp\ofw: 35-50mm I−p-h-cp¶ `q{]-tZ-i-§Ä: sX¡p-In-g-¡³ Gjy, C´y
BIÀjn-¡-s -̧Sp¶ kky-§Ä: Fen-¸-bÀ (capparis zeylanica), Cleome viscosa aäp khn-ti-j-X-IÄ:
(1) hnem-kn\n Nn{X-i-e- -̀¯nsâ asämcp ]Xn¸mWv s]m«p-sh-Åm-«n.
(2) ImWm³ henb BIÀj-Wo-bXsbm¶p-an-sÃ-¦nepw Ch-bpsS ]d-¡Â IuXpIw \nd-ª-Xm-Wv. Nnd-I-Sn-bv¡p-t¼mÄ ie- -̀¯nsâ icocw apI-fn-te¡pw Xmtg¡pw Nen-¡pw. kmh-[m-\ta ]d-¡m-dp-Åq.
(3) Xd-\n-c-¸n \n¶v A[nIw Db-c-¯n ]d-¡m-dn-Ã.
14. t]cv: Common Evening Brown (Icn-bne ie`w)
imkv{Xob\maw: Melanitis leda Linnaeus
Nnd-Ip-\ofw: 60þ80 mm I−p-h-cp¶ `q{]-tZ-i-§Ä: B{^n-¡, Z£n-tW-jy, sX¡p-In-g-¡³ Gjy, Hmkvt{S-en-b-bpsS Nne `mK-§Ä BIÀjn-¡-s -̧Sp¶ kky-§Ä: apf, s\Ãv, C´y³
Kqkv{Kmkv (Eleusine Indica) aäp khn-ti-j-X-IÄ:
(1) XWÂ Gsd CjvS-s¸-Sp¶ Cu ie`w {]`m-X-¯nepw sshIpt¶-c-§-fnepw am{X-amWv {]Xy-£-s¸-Sm-dp-Å-Xv.
(2) hfsc Xmgv¶p-]-d-¡p¶ ioe-apÅ ChÀ ag-¡m-e¯pw th\¡m-e¯pw hyXykvX cq]-¯nepw \nd-¯nepw ImW-s¸-Sp-¶p.
(3) cm{Xn-Im-e-§-fn hoSp-I-fnse _Ä_n\p Npäpw \nim-i-e- -̀§-tfm-sSm¸w ]mdn-\-S-¡p-¶Xv kÀÆ-km-[m-c-W-am-Wv.
15. t]cv: Common Palmfly (Hme-¡-−³)
imkv{Xob\maw: Elymnias hypermnestra Linnaeus
NndIp\ofw: 60-80mm ---- -- -- --- -
I−p-h-cp¶ `q{]-tZ-i-§Ä: Z£n-tW-jy, D]-þ-ln-am-e-b³ {]tZ-i-§Ä, sX¡p -In-g-¡³ Gjy
BIÀjn-¡-s -̧Sp¶ kky-§Ä: sX§v, ]\, Nqc (Calamus rotang)
aäp khn-ti-j-X-IÄ:
(1) Cu C\-¯nÂs¸« Dimorphic ie- -̀§Ä BWv. B¬i-e-`hpw s]¬i-e-`hpw cq]-¯nepw \nd-¯nepw hyXy-kvXX {]I-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶p.
(2) B¬i-e- -̀¯nsâ ap³Nn-d-Ip-IÄ Idp-¸p-\n-d-t¯m-Sp-Iq-Snbpw AXn \oe-¸p-Ån-Ifpw ImW-s¸-Sp-¶p. F¶m s]¬ie- -̀§Ä hc-b³ ISp-h-bp-sS \ndw A\p-I-cn-¡p-¶p.
(3) Noª-fnª ]g-§fpw aäp-amWv C¡q-«À¡v {]nbw.
16. t]cv: Bamboo Tree Brown (apfw-X-hn-S³)
imkv{Xob\maw: Lethe europa Fabricius
Nnd-Ip-\ofw: 65þ75 mm I−p-h-cp¶ `q{]-tZ-i-§Ä: Gjybn At§m-f-an-t§mfw ImW-s¸-Sp-¶p. BIÀjn-¡-s -̧Sp¶ kky-§Ä: apf aäp khn-ti-j-X-IÄ:
(1) Xhn-«p-\n-d-¯n shfp¯ ]«-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb Nnd-IpÅ ChÀ \nw^m-ensU IpSpw-_-¯nÂs¸-Sp-¶p.
(2) t]cp-t]mse Xs¶ apfwX-hn-S³ apfw-Im-Sp-I-fn-emWv IqSp-X-embn I−p-h-cp-¶-Xv.
(3) {]`m-X-§-fnepw kmbm-Ó-§-fnepw IqSp-XÂ DÕm-l-I-fmbn ImW-s¸-Sp¶ Ch-cpsS CjvS- -̀£Ww Noª-fnª ]g-§fpw ssPhm-h-in-jvS-§-fp-sam-s¡-bm-Wv.
17. t]cv: Common Bushbrown (Xhn-S³)
imkv{Xob\maw: Mycalesis perseus Fabricius
Nnd-Ip-\ofw: 42þ54 mm I−p-h-cp¶ `q{]-tZ-i-§Ä: Z£n-tW-jy, sX¡p -In-g-¡³ Gjy BIÀjn-¡-s -̧Sp¶ kky-§Ä: ]pÂhÀ¤-¯nÂs¸« kky-
§Ä (Themeda triandra, Dichanthium sericeum, Panicum maximum etc) aäp khn-ti-j-X-IÄ:
(1) Ht«sd kz`m-h-§-fn apfw-X-hn-S-\p-ambn kmZriyw tXm¶n-¡p¶ ChÀ h\-{]-tZ-i-§-fnepw ]pÂta-Sp-I-fnepw [mcm-f-ambn I−p-h-cp-¶p.
(2) Xd-\n-c-¸n-t\mSv tNÀ¶p ]d-¡m³ Xmev]-cy-s¸-Sp¶ C¡q-«À ]d-¡m¯ ka-b-§-fn XW-e¯v hn{i-an-¡p-¶-Xmbn ImWmw.
(3) Imem-h-Ø-bv¡-\p-k-cn¨v cq]-¯nepw \nd-¯nepw hyXn-bm-\-§Ä ImWn-¡p-¶Xv Cu C\-¯nÂs¸« ie- -̀§-fpsS khn-ti-j-X-bm-Wv.
18. t]cv: Nigger (Idp-¸\³)
imkv{Xob\maw : Orsotriaena medus Fabricius
Nnd-Ip-\ofw: 45þ55 mm I−p-h-cp¶ `q{]-tZ-i-§Ä : C´y, {ioe-¦, aym³amÀ, ate-jy, \yqKn-\n-b, Hmkvt{S-enb BIÀjn-¡-s -̧Sp¶ kky-§Ä : s\Ãv, Icn-¼v, ]pÂs¨SnIÄ aäp khn-ti-j-X-IÄ:
(1) C¡q-«À s]mXpth Ae-kcpw \mWw IpWp-§n-I-fp-am-Wv. hfsc kmh-Imiw ]d-¡m-\mWv ChÀ¡n-jvSw.
(2) Idp-¯n-cp− \nd-t¯m-Sp-IqSn ImW-s¸-Sp¶ ]n³Nn-d-In Idp¯ c−v henb I¬s]m-«p-Ifpw Hcp sNdnb I¬s]m«pw D−v. ap³Nn-d-In c−p henb I¬h-e-b-§-fp-−v.
(3) ]d-¼nepw ho«p-]-cn-k-c¯pw kpe- -̀ambn ImW-s¸-Sp¶ Ch shÅ-¡-dp-¼³ F¶ t]cnepw Adn-b-s¸-Sp-¶p.
19. t]cv: Common Four-ring (\m¡®n)
imkv{Xob\maw: Ypthima huebneri Kirby
Nnd-Ip-\ofw: 40þ44 mm I−p-h-cp¶ `q{]-tZ-i-§Ä: C´y, _À½, atejy
BIÀjn-¡-s -̧Sp¶ kky-§Ä: Imf-¸pÃv (Axonopus compressus) aäp khn-ti-j-X-IÄ:
(1) t]cp-t]mse Xs¶ ap³Nn-d-In henb Hmtcm I¬s]m-«p-Ifpw ]n³Nn-d-Ip-I-fn hyà-amb \mep I¬s]m-«p-Ifpw ImWmw.
(2) ho«p-]-d-¼nepw aäpw kÀÆ-km-[m-c-W-ambn ImW-s¸-Sp¶ Cu ie`w \nw^m-entU IpSpw-_-¯nÂs¸-Sp-¶p.
20. t]cv: Common Five-ring (]©-t\{Xn)
imkv{Xob\maw: Ypthima baldus Fabricius
Nnd-Ip-\ofw: 38þ46 mm I−p-h-cp¶ `q{]-tZ-i-§Ä: D]-þ-ln-am-e-b³ {]tZ-i-§Ä (kn-¡nw, `q«m³), Z£n-tW-´y³ ae-\n-c-IÄ, aym³amÀ
BIÀjn-¡-s -̧Sp¶ kky-§Ä: Graminae species-Âs¸Sp¶ kky-§Ä/ ]pÂhÀ¤ kky-§Ä aäp khn-ti-j-X-IÄ:
(1) Satyrinae kv]ojy-knÂs¸Sp¶ Cu ]q¼m-ä-bpsS Nnd-In I®p-IÄt]m-epÅ 5 s]m«p-IÄ ImWmw. ]©-t\{Xn F¶ t]cn\p ]n¶nse Imc-Whpw Cu s]m«p-IÄ Xs¶.
(2) ImWm³ Xhn-«p-\n-d-am-sW-¦nepw ap³Nn-d-In kzÀ®-hr-¯-¯n ImWp¶ henb s]m«p-IÄ Cu ie- -̀¯nsâ BIÀj-Wo-bX hÀ²n-¸n-¡p-¶p.
(3) hÀjw apgp-h³ GXp-Im-em-h-Ø-bnepw kpe- -̀ambn ImWm³ Ign-bp¶ Ch-bpsS Xmakw Im«p-{]-tZ-i-§-fn-em-Wv. F¶m CS-XqÀ¶ ImSp-IÄ Chbv¡v CjvS-a-Ã.
21. t]cv: Rustic (hb-¦-X³)
imkv{Xob\maw: Cupha erymanthis Drury
Nnd-Ip-\ofw: 45þ55 mm I−p-h-cp¶ `q{]-tZ-i-§Ä: Z£n-tW-jy, sX¡p-In-g-¡³ Gjy
BIÀjn-¡-s -̧Sp¶ kky-§Ä: AtLmcn (flacourtia indica), hb-¦X (flacourtia montana), Xylosma racemosa etc. aäp khn-ti-j-X-IÄ:
(1) \½psS \m«n³]p-d-§-fnepw ]mS¯pw Imhp-I-fn-ep-sams¡ Xhn-«p-I-eÀ¶ aª-\n-d-¯n kmam-t\y\ I−p-h-cp¶ Hcn\w ie- -̀amWv hb-¦-X³.
(2) ap«-bn-Sm³ Cu hncp-X³ Xnc-sª-Sp-¡p-¶Xv hb-¦X F¶ ac-¯nsâ Xfn-cn-e-I-fm-Wv. ie- -̀¯n\v B t]cp h¶-h-gnbpw CXp-X-s¶.
(3) {]`m-X-§-fn Ch shbnÂImbp¶ cwKw hfsc at\m-l-c-am-Wv.
22. t]cv: Common Sailer (s]m -́¨p-ä³)
imkv{Xob\maw: Neptis hylas Linnaeus
Nnd-Ip-\ofw: 50þ60 mm I−p-h-cp¶ `q{]-tZ-i-§Ä: C´y, {ioe-¦, Bkmw, aym³amÀ, ssN\, Ct´m-a-e-b.
BIÀjn-¡-s -̧Sp¶ kky-§Ä: CcqÄ, Cehv (Bombax ceiba), \mbv¡-cp-W, CSw-]ncn hew-]ncn (Helicteres isora) aäp khn-ti-j-X-IÄ:
(1) hfsc kmh-[m-\-¯n hmbp-hnsâ KXn-bv¡-\p-k-cn¨v HgpIn \S-¡p¶ s]m -́¨p-äs\ ImWm³ Hcp {]tXyI `wKn-bm-Wv.
(2) ]«m-f-¡p-¸m-b-t¯mSv kmayw tXm¶n-¡p-¶-Xp-t]m-epÅ Nnd-Inse aq¶p shfp-¯-h-c-IÄ Chsb ]q¼m-ä-IÄ¡n-S-bnse ]«m-f-¡m-c-\m-¡p-¶p.
(3) shbn-e¯v ]mdn-\-S-¡m³ CjvS-s¸-Sp¶ Ch-bpsS CjvS- -̀£Ww ]g-§fpw ]q¡-fnse tX\p-sam-s¡-bm-Wv.
23. t]cv: Common Lascar (\cn-h-c-b³)
imkv{Xob\maw: Pantoporia hordonia Stoll
Nnd-Ip-\ofw: 45þ50 mm I−p-h-cp¶ `q{]-tZ-i-§Ä: lnam-ebw apX ]Ýn-a-L«w hsc, Bkmw, _Àa. BIÀjn-¡-s -̧Sp¶ kky-§Ä: C©, hmI aäp khn-ti-j-X-IÄ:
(1) Nnd-Insâ BIr-Xn-bnepw {Ia-¯n-ep-sams¡ \cn-h-c-b³ s]m -́¨p-dp-s\-t¸mse ImW-s¸-Sp-¶p. F¶m Ch-bpsS Nnd-Inse hcbpw Ipdn-bp-sams¡ Hmd©v \nd-¯n-ep-Å-Xm-Wv.
(2) ag-¡mew Ign-bp-¶-tXmsS Chsb [mcmfw ImWmw. Ch-bpsS Pohn-X-ssien XnI¨pw amXr-Im-]-c-am-Wv. s]¬i-e- -̀§Ä ap«-bn«v Ce-IÄ¡v Imh-en-cn-¡p-¶p. F¶m B¬i-e- -̀am-I-s«, Hcp D¯a IpSpw-_-\m-Y-s\-t¸mse kz´w {]tZ-ihpw aäpw Im¯p-kq-£n-¡m-dp-−-t{X.
24. t]cv: Angled Castor
(Nn{X-I³)
imkv{Xob\maw: Ariadne ariadne Linnaeus
Nnd-Ip-\ofw: 45þ60 mm I−p-h-cp¶ `q{]-tZ-i-§Ä: Gjy
BIÀjn-¡-s -̧Sp¶ kky-§Ä: sImSn-¯qh (Tragia involucrate, Tragia pukenelii), Bh-W¡v (Ricinus communis) aäp khn-ti-j-X-IÄ:
(1) Nph-¸p-I-eÀ¶ Xhn-«p-\n-d-¯n ImW-s¸-Sp¶ Ch-bpsS Nnd-In Xnc-am-e-bpsS {]XoXn P\n-¸n-¡pw-hn-[-¯n-epÅ Idp¯ tcJ-IÄ Hcp {]tXyI Ag-Im-Wv.
(2) Ch ]mdn-¸-d¶p \S-¡p-¶Xp ImWm³ AXn-tesd `wKn-bm-Wv. Xmf-¯n hfsc kmh-[m\w sX¶n-s¯-dn¨v Hgp-In-\-S-¡p-¶-Xp-t]mse tXm¶pw.
(3) Ipän-¡m-Sp-I-fnepw s]m -́IÄ¡n-S-bnepw Ae-k-ambn ]d¶p \S-¡p-sa-¦nepw X§-fpsS A[o-\-{]-tZ-i-¯p-h-cp¶ aäp ie- -̀§sf B«n-tbm-Sn-¡m³ C¡q-«À tIa-·m-cm-Wv.
25. t]cv: Lemon Pansy (]pfn-¡-pdp-¼³)
imkv{Xob\maw: Junonia lemonias Linnaeus
Nnd-Ip-\ofw: 45þ60 mm I−p-h-cp¶ `q{]-tZ-i-§Ä: Z£n-tWjy
BIÀjn-¡-s -̧Sp¶ kky-§Ä: Ipdpªn (Barleria prionitis), N-Wacw, (Jute), I−Âa-cw, s]m¶-§mWn (Alternanihera sessilis) aäp khn-ti-j-X-IÄ:
(1) FÃm-¡m-e¯pw kpe- -̀ambn ImW-s -̧Sp¶ Cu ie`w \nw^m-enUv IpSpw-_-¯n DÄs¸-Sp-¶p.
(2) shbn Imbp¶ ioe-¡m-cmWv Cu C\-¯nÂs¸« ie- -̀§Ä.
(3) Ccp− Xhn-«p-\n-d-¯n-epÅ Nnd-In Hmd©v \nd-¯n ImW-s¸-Sp¶ I¬]p-f-fn-IÄ Ch-bpsS BIÀj-Wo-bX hÀ²n-¸n-¡p-¶p.
26. t]cv: Chocolate Pansy (tNmt¢äv ie`w)
imkv{Xob\maw: Junonia iphita Cramer Nnd-Ip-\ofw: 55þ80 mm
I−p-h-cp¶ `q{]-tZ-i-§Ä: C´y, {ioe-¦, ssN\, _men.
BIÀjn-¡-s -̧Sp¶ kky-§Ä: Hygrophila costala, Justicia procumbens, Strobilanthens callosus, Justicia micrantha, Icn-¡p-
dnªn (Strobilanthes heyneanus), hbÂNp-ffn (Hygrophila auriculata) aäp khn-ti-j-X-IÄ: (1) tNmt¢äv hÀ®-¯n-epÅ Nnd-Ip-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb Chsb
Icn-bn-e-IÄ¡n-S-bn \n¶pw Xncn-¨-dn-bpI {]bm-k-am-Wv. (2) B¬i-e-`hpw s]¬i-e-`hpw ImgvN-bn Hcp-t]mse
Ccn-¡p-sa-¦n-epw, s]¬i-e- -̀¯n-sâ Nnd-Ip-IÄ Aev]w hoXn-tb-dn-bXpw hr¯mIrXn-bn-ep-Å-Xp-am-Wv.
(4) s]mXpth ]d-¡m³ aSn-bp-s−-¦nepw \à H¶m-´cw tX³ sImXn-b-·m-cmWv C¡q-«À. AXn-i-à-amb shbn-e¯pw Xfn-cn-e-I-fn A\-§msX ZoÀL kabw sNe-h-gn-¡m³ ChÀ anSp-¡-cm-Wv.
(5) tNmt¢äv ie`w Hcp N¦q-ä-¡m-c-\m-Wv. AXn-{I-an¨v IS-¡p¶ ie- -̀§-fp-ambn \nc-´cw Ie-]ne IqSp-Ibpw Bhsc ]n´p-SÀ¶v HSp-hn kz´w AXnÀ¯n-bn \n¶v ]pd-¯m-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p.
27. t]cv: Great Eggfly (h³sNm« ie`w) imkv{Xob\maw: Hypolimnas bolina Linnaeus
Nnd-Ip-\ofw: 70þ85 mm I−p-h-cp¶ `q{]-tZ-i-§Ä: ]Sn-ªmdv aU-Km-kvIÀ apX Z£n-tW-jy, Z£nW ]qÀtÆ-jy, Z£nW s]k-^nIv Zzo]p-IÄ, Hmkvt{S-en-b, P¸m³, \yqkn-emâv. BIÀjn-¡-s -̧Sp¶ kky-§Ä: -Ip-dp-t´m-«n, sImgp-¸, B\-s¡m-Sn-¯qh (Laportia interrupta), Xp -̧ew-s]m«n (Asystasia), D¸p-No-c. aäp khn-ti-j-X-IÄ:
(1) B¬i-e-`hpw s]¬i-e-`hpw ImgvN-bn hyXy-kvX-cmWv. s]¬i-e- -̀§-fpsS Nnd-Insâ apIÄhiw {_u¬ IeÀ¶ Idp¯ \nd-¯n ImW-s¸-Sp-¶p. AXn ]mSp-I-sfm-¶p-an-Ã. Nnd-Insâ Acn-Ip-I-fn [mcmfw Ip¯p-IÄ D−m-Ipw. B¬i-e- -̀¯nsâ Nnd-Insâ apIÄhiw Idp-¯-Xm-Wv. apIÄh-i-¯mbn aq¶p tPmUn shfp¯ ]mSp-IÄ ImWm³ km[n-¡pw. ap³Nn-d-In c−p tPmUnbpw ]n³Nn-d-In Hcp tPmUn-bp-ap-Wp-−m-hp-I.
28. t]cv: Glassy Blue Tiger
imkv{Xob\maw: Parantica aglea Stoll
Nnd-Ip-\ofw: 70þ100 mm I−p-h-cp¶ `q{]-tZ-i-§Ä: {ioe-¦, ]Ýn-a-L-«w, lnam-e-b³ {]tZ-i-§Ä, _Àa, sS\m-sk-dmw.
BIÀjn-¡-s -̧Sp¶ kky-§Ä: AS-hn-¸me (Cryptolepis buchananii), Tylophora carnasa, Ceropegia bulbosa aäp khn-ti-j-X-IÄ:
(1) sasÃ-t¸m-¡p-Im-cmWv Cu C\-¯nÂs¸-Sp¶ ie- -̀§Ä. \ng hoW hgn-I-fn-eqsS Ae-k-ambn ]d-¡p¶ C¡q-«À ImSp-I-fnepw hrjvSn-{]-tZ-i-§-fnepw IqSp-X-embn I−p-h-cp-¶p.
(2) a®nsâ \nd-t¯m-Sp-Iq-Snb kpXm-cy-amb Nnd-In \oe IeÀ¶ shÅ ]pÅn-IÄ Nn{X-i-e- -̀¯nsâ at\m-lm-cnX hÀ²n-¸n-¡p-¶p.
29. t]cv: Blue Tiger (\oe-¡-Sph)
imkv{Xob\maw: Tirumala limniace Cramer
Nnd-Ip-\ofw: 98þ106 mm I−p-h-cp¶ `q{]-tZ-i-§Ä: C´ybpsS sX¡³ {]tZ-i-§Ä, hS-¡p-In-g-¡³, Izo³emâv, Hmkvt{S-enb. BIÀjn-¡-s -̧Sp¶ kky-§Ä: Fcn-¡v, hÅn-¸m-e, h«-Im-¡-
s¡mSn (Wattakaka voluvilis), Cosmostigma racemosa aäp khn-ti-j-X-IÄ:
(1) \nw^m-ensU IpSpw-_-¯nÂs¸-Sp¶ Hcp kpµ-c³ Nn{X-i-e- -̀amWv \oe-¡-Sp-h. \à hep-¸-¯n ImW-s¸-Sp¶ Ch kmh-[m\w ]d-¡m³ XmXv]-cy-s¸-Sp-¶-h-cm-Wv.
(2) Xhn-«p-\n-d-¯n-epÅ Nnd-In [mcmfw \oe-¸p-Ån-IÄ ImW-s¸-Sp-¶-Xp-sIm-−mWv Chbv¡v \oe-¡-Sph F¶ t]cv.
(3) ag-¡m-e-am-Ip-¶-tXmsS Ch ]äw-]-ä-ambn IpSn-tb-dn-¸mÀ¡p-¶p.
(4) tZim-S\w \S-¯p¶Xv ChbpsS {]tXy-I-Xbm-Wv.
30. t]cv: Dark Blue Tiger (Icn-\o-e-¡-Sph)
imkv{Xob\maw: Tirumala septentrionis Butler
Nnd-Ip-\ofw: 75þ95 mm I−p-h-cp¶ `q{]-tZ-i-§Ä: lnam-e-b³ {]tZ-i-§Ä (kn¡nw, knwe, Bkmw), \oe-K-cn-¡p-¶p-IÄ, {ioe-¦, I®qÀ,-C-Sp-¡n, ]Ýn-a-L-«-¯nse ]e ae-\n-c-IÄ. BIÀjn-¡-s -̧Sp¶ kky-§Ä: h«-Im-¡-s¡mSn aäp khn-ti-j-X-IÄ:
(1) \oe-¡-Sp-h-sb-t¸mse \nw^m-ensU IpSpw-_-¯nÂs¸-Sp¶ tZim-S-\-¯n\p t]cp-tI« asämcp
Nn{X-i-e- -̀amWv Dark blue tiger. tIc-f-¯n ]d-¼n-Ip-fw, hb-\mS,v CSp-¡n `mK-§-fn Ch-bpsS tZim-S\w \nco-£n-¡-s¸-«n-«p-−v. B¬i-e-`hpw s]¬i-e-`hpw F®-¯n Htc A\p-]m-X-¯n-emWv tZim-S\w \S-¯p-¶-Xv.
(2) h\m- -́c-§-fmWv Ch Xmh-f-ambn sXc-sª-Sp-¡p-¶Xv. CuÀ -̧apÅ {]tZ-i-§-fmWv Cu C\-¯nÂs¸« ie- -̀§Ä¡v Gsd {]nbw.
31. t]cv: Plain Tiger (Fcn-¡p-X¸n)
imkv{Xob\maw: Danaus chrysippus Linnaeus
Nnd-Ip-\ofw: 70þ80 mm I−p-h-cp¶ `q{]-tZ-i-§Ä: B{^n-¡, Z£nW bqtdm-¸v, {ioe-¦, C´y, aym³amÀ, ssN\, Pmh BIÀjn-¡-s -̧Sp¶ kky-§Ä: ]mÂhÅn, s]m¶-c-fn.
Fcn-¡v (Calotropis gigantea) aäp khn-ti-j-X-IÄ:
(1) Fcn-¡nsâ Ce {][m\ Blm-c-am-¡nb Chsb acp-{]-tZ-i-§-fnepw 9000 ASn-hscbpÅ ]ÀÆ-X-{]-tZ-i-§-fnepw Is−-¯n-bn-«p-−v.
(2) ico-c-¯n hnjmwiw DÅ-Xp-sIm-−v i{Xp-¡Ä Chsb Xncn-ªp-t\m-¡m-dn-Ã.
(3) Fcn-¡p-Xp-¸n-bmWv Nn{X-I-e-bn BZy-ambn D]-tbm-Kn¨ Nn{X-i-e- -̀sa¶v hniz-kn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p.
32. t]cv: Common Crow (Ac-fn-i-e`w)
imkv{Xob\maw: Euploea core Stoll
Nnd-Ip-\ofw: 80þ90 mm I−p-h-cp¶ `q{]-tZ-i-§Ä: Z£nW ]mIn-Øm³, {ioe-¦, C´y, aym³amÀ, djy, Hmkvt{S-en-b.
BIÀjn-¡-s -̧Sp¶ kky-§Ä: sNdp-apÄs¨Sn (Carissa spinarum), \dp-\o-−n, IÃn¯n (Ficus microcarpa) aäp khn-ti-j-X-IÄ:
(1) Z£n-tW-´y-bnÂ, {]tXy-In¨v tIc-f-¯n F¡m-ehpw kpe- -̀ambn I−p-h-cp¶ ie- -̀§-fmWv Cu C\-¯nÂs¸-«-h.
(2) Ch-bpsS Nnd-Ip-IÄ¡v Ccp− Xhn-«p-\n-d-am-Wv. (3) ImWm³ A{X henb BIÀj-Wo-bX CsÃ-
¦nÂt¸m-epw, th\¡m-e¯v Ch Iq«-ambn mud-puddlingþ GÀs¸-Sp-¶Xp ImWm³ Hcp {]tXyI `wKn-bm-Wv.
33. t]cv: Common Baron (I\n-t¯mg³)
imkv{Xob\maw: Euthalia aconthea Cramer
Nnd-Ip-\ofw: 68þ79 mm I−p-h-cp¶ `q{]-tZ-i-§Ä: Z£n-tW-´y, lnam-e-b³ {]tZ-i-§Ä, Bkmw, _Àa, kpam-{X. BIÀjn-¡-s -̧Sp¶ kky-§Ä: Iip-am-hv, amhv aäp khn-ti-j-X-IÄ:
(1) Ch-sfmcp ]g-s¡m-Xn-¨n-bm-Wv. ]g-§-fpsS apI-fn-en-cp¶v ZoÀL-t\cw kzmZv \pW-ªp-sIm-−n-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\m BWv C¡q-«sc ae-bm-f-¯n I\n-t¯mgn F¶p-hn-fn-¡p-¶-Xv.
(2) Ch-bpsS Nnd-In\p ]¨-\ndw IeÀ¶ Xhn-«p-\n-d-am-Wv. Iq«-¯n s]¬i-e- -̀§Ä¡mWv `wKnbpw hen-¸hpw IqSp-X am{X-aà Ch-bpsS Nnd-In Xmc-X-tay\ hen-b shÅ-s¸m-«p-Ifpw ImWm-\m-Ipw.
34. t]cv: Common Leopard (]pen-s¯-¿³)
imkv{Xob\maw: Phalanta phalantha Drury
Nnd-Ip-\ofw: 50þ55 mm I−p-h-cp¶ `q{]-tZ-i-§Ä: k_vk-lm-d³, B{^n-¡, C´y, {ioe-¦, _w¥m-tZ-iv, _Àa.
BIÀjn-¡-s -̧Sp¶ kky-§Ä: AtLmcn (Flacourtia indica), Flacourtia jangomas, Smilas sp. hb-¦X (flacourtia montana), aäp khn-ti-j-X-IÄ:
(1) aª-I-eÀ¶ Xhn-«p-\n-d-t¯m-Sp-Iq-Snb NndIv I−m ]pen-t¯m AWnª {]Xo-Xn-bmWv P\n-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv. AXp-sIm-−p-Xs¶ Chsb ae-bm-f-¯n ]pen-s¯-¿³ F¶p-hn-ti-jn-¸n-¡p-¶p.
(2) tIc-f-¯nse apÄ¡m-Sp-I-fnepw Ces]mgnbpw h\-§-fnepw kpe-`ambn I−p-h-cp¶ Ch C© ]q¡p¶ Ah-k-c-§-fn Iq«-t¯msS tX³ IpSn-¡m-s\-¯m-dp-−v.
(3) tZim-S\ kz`m-h-apÅ C¡q-«À thK-¯n ]d-¡p-¶-Xnepw tIa-·m-cm-Wv.
35. t]cv: Common Pierrot (\m«p-tIm-amfn)
imkv{Xob\maw: Castalius rosimon Fabricius
Nnd-Ip-\ofw: 24þ32 mm I−p-h-cp¶ `q{]-tZ-i-§Ä: C´y, {ioe-¦, _w¥m-tZiv, aym³amÀ, _men, Ing-¡³ Pmh, kpamÂ{_.
BIÀjn-¡-s -̧Sp¶ kky-§Ä: Ce´ (Zizyphus jujuba) aäp khn-ti-j-X-IÄ:
(1) shfp¯ ]Ým-¯-e-¯n A§n-§mbn Idp¯ ]pÅn¡p-¯p-IÄ DÅ Nnd-tIm-Sp-Iq-Snb Chbv¡v ae-bm-f-¯n \m«p-tIm-amfn F¶ t]cp-h-¶-Xn AXn-i-b-an-Ã.
(2) Xpd-Êmb {]tZ-i-§-fnepw Ipän¡mSp-I-fn-epamWv Cu Ipª-·msc \ap¡v ImWm³ Ign-bp-I. Xd-\n-c-¸n-t\mSv tNÀ¶v kmh-[m-\-¯n ]d-¡p¶ ChÀ CS-bv¡nSbv¡v Ce-I-fnepw aäpw hn{i-an-¡p-¶Xpw ImWmw.
(3) hÀj-Im-e-§-fn Cu \m«p-tIm-am-fnsb ImWm³ {]tXyI `wKn-bm-Wv.
36.t]cv: Lesser Grass Blue (sN-dp-]pÂ\o-en)
imkv{Xob\maw: Zizina otis NndIp\ofw: 19-þ26 mm
Iïphcpó `q{]tZi§Ä: Z£n-tW-jy, sX¡p-In-g-¡³
Gjy, Hmkvt{S-en-b.
BIÀjn¡s¸Spó kky§Ä: Dui-¸-bÀ, Lathyrus sp.
aäp khntijXIÄ:-þ (1) sNdp-]q-¡-fn \n¶v tX³Ip-Sn-¡p¶ ChÀ Xmgv¶v ]d-
¡m³ CjvS-s¸-Sp-¶-h-cm-Wv. (2) Chsc km[m-c-W-bmbn Xpd-Êmb {]tZ-i-§-fnepw
Ipän¡mSp-I-fn-epamWv I−p-h-cm-dp-Å-Xv.
37. t]cv: Tiny Grass Blue (Nn¶-¸pÂ\oen)
imkv{Xob\maw: Zizula hylax Fabricius
Nnd-Ip-\ofw: 15þ22 mm I−p-h-cp¶ `q{]-tZ-i-§Ä: B{^n-¡, C´y, P¸m³, ^nen-ss¸³kv, knwK-¸qÀ, Hmkvt{S-enb.
BIÀjn-¡-s -̧Sp¶ kky-§Ä: hbÂNpÅn (Hygrophila auriculata), Xp¸-ew-s]m«n (Asystasia gangentica), sIm§n-Wn-s -̈Sn. aäp khn-ti-j-X-IÄ:
(1) t]cp-t]mse Xs¶ C´y-bnse ]q¼m-ä-I-fn h¨v Gähpw sNdnb c−m-as¯ ]q¼m-ä-bm-Wn-Xv. Im«nepw ImSn-t\mSv tNÀ¶ {Kma-§-fnepw Chsb ImW-s¸-Sp-¶p.
(2) Iq«-¯n B¬ie- -̀¯n-\mWv BIÀj-Wo-bX IqSp-XÂ. Ah-bpsS Nnd-Insâ apIÄ`mKw Xnf-§p¶ \oe-\n-d-am-Wv. s]¬i-e- -̀¯n-\m-Is« Xhn-«p-\n-d-hpw.
(3) kZm \new-]än hn{i-an-bv¡p¶ C¡q-«À, AÂ]-Zqcw ]d-¶m ]ns¶ hn{i-an-bv¡m-\n-cn-¡pw. NndIv Xmf-¯n Nen-¸n-¨p-sIm−v ]d-¡p¶ Cu sNdp-i-e-`s¯ ImWm³ _lp-c-k-am-Wv.
38. t]cv: Plains Cupid (\m«p-am-c³)
imkv{Xob\maw: Chilades pandava Horsfield NndIp\ofw: 25þ35 mm
Iïphcpó `q{]tZi§Ä:Z£n-tW-jy, sX¡p-In-g-¡³
Gjy
BIÀjn¡s¸Spó kky§Ä: CcpÄ, At¡jy sp. aäp khntijXIÄ:-þ
(1) sasÃ-t¸m-¡p-Im-cmb ChÀ tIc-f-¯nse apÄ¡m-Sp-I-fnepw Ces]mgnbpw h\-§-fnepw kpe-`ambn I−p-h-cp¶p.
39. t]cv: Common Cerulean (s]m«p-hm-em«n)
imkv{Xob\maw: Jamides ce1eno Cramer
Nnd-Ip-\ofw: 27þ40 mm I−p-h-cp¶ `q{]-tZ-i-§Ä: C´y
BIÀjn-¡-s -̧Sp¶ kky-§Ä: D§v (Pongamia Pinnata) Atylosia Albicans aäp khn-ti-j-X-IÄ:
(1) tIc-f-¯n I−p-h-cp¶ Ceruleon kv]ojnkv C\§fn Gähpw IqSp-XepffhbmWv s]m«p-hm-em-«n.
(2) tX³ \pI-cp-t¼mÄ c−p Nnd-Ip-Ifpw Iq«n-t¨À¯p-h-¡p¶ Ch-cpsS Nnd-Insâ ASn-`m-K-¯mbn I®p-I-fm-sW¶v sXän-²-cn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xcw c−v ]mSp-I-fp-−v. Hä-t\m-«-¯n Cc-]n-Sn-b-·mÀ¡v, henb Xe-bp-ambn Ip¼n-«n-cn-¡p¶ GtXm `oI-c-Po-hn-bmsW¶v sXän-²-cn-¸n-¡p-hm-\m-Wn-Xv.
40.t]cv: Monkey Puzzle (Ccp-X-e¨n)
imkv{Xob\maw: Rathinda amor Fabricius
Nnd-Ip-\ofw: 26þ28 mm I−p-h-cp¶ `q{]-tZ-i-§Ä: sXt¡ C´y ({]-tXy-In¨pw ]Ýn-a-L-«w), C´y-bpsS Ing-¡³ Xocw. BIÀjn-¡-s -̧Sp¶ kky-§Ä: sN¯n, C¯nÄ, ]q¨-¸-gw. aäp khn-ti-j-X-IÄ:
(1) inc-Ên-te-Xp-t]mse hmenepw c−v kv]Àin-\n-Ifpw I®p-I-fmWv F¶v tXm¶n-¡p¶ c−v s]m«p-Ifpw DÅ-Xn-\m c−v Xe-I-fp-Å-Xmbn tXm¶n-¸n-¡p¶ Chsc Ccp-X-e¨n F¶p hnfn-¡p-¶p.
(2) ImSp-I-fmWv apJy Bhm-k-tI-{µ-sa-¦nepw Xpd-Êmb Ip¶n³sN-cp-hp-Ifpw Ch-cpsS hnlm-c-tI-{µ-§-fm-Wv.
41.t]cv: Water Snow Flat (Ce-ap-§n)
imkv{Xob\maw: Tagiades litigiosa MOschler
NndIp\ofw: 37þ44 mm
Iïphcpó `q{]tZi§Ä: Z£n-tW-jy, sX¡p-In-g-¡³
Gjy.
BIÀjn¡s¸Spó kky§Ä: Im«p-Im-¨nÂ, Icn-bn-em-©n.
aäp khntijXIÄ:-þ
(1) Ce-bpsS ASn-bn hn{i-an-¡p¶-Xn-\m-emWv Chsb Ce-ap§n F¶v hnfn-¡p-¶-Xv.
(2) Ch shbnÂIm-bm³ hfsc Xmev]cyw ImWn-¡p-¶p. (3) Nnd-Ip-Xp-d¶mWv Ch hn{i-an-¡p-¶-Xv.
42. t]cv: Indian Skipper (sNdp-]p-Ån-¨m-S³)
imkv{Xob\maw: Spialia galba Fabricius
Nnd-Ip-\ofw: 24þ27 mm I−p-h-cp¶ `q{]-tZ-i-§Ä: sX¡-t\-jy, sX¡p-In-g-¡³ Gjy. BIÀjn-¡-s -̧Sp¶ kky-§Ä: Ip-dp-t´m«n aäp khn-ti-j-X-IÄ:
(1) \½psS ImSp-I-fnepw ]pÂta-Sp-I-fnepw ImWp¶ Xhn-«p-I-eÀ¶ Idp¯ Nnd-In shfp¯ ]pÅnItfm-Sp-Iq-Snb C\-amWv sNdp-]p-Ån-¨m-S³.
(2) sNdp-]q-¡-fn \n¶p-t]mepw tX³ IpSn-v-¡p-¶p. Nnd-Insâ ]n¶n H¶n-S-hn«v Idp¸pw shfp¸pw ]pÅn-I-fm Ae-¦-cn-¡-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-¶p.
43. t]cv: Chestnut Bob (sNwIp-dp-¼³)
imkv{Xob\maw: Iambrix salsala Moore
Nnd-Ip-\ofw: 20þ22 mm I−p-h-cp¶ `q{]-tZ-i-§Ä: sX¡p-In-g-¡-t\-jy³ cmPy-§Ä (C´y, {ioe-¦, t\¸mÄ, aym³amÀ, emthm-kv, atejy). BIÀjn-¡-s -̧Sp¶ kky-§Ä: apf, ]pÂhÀ¤w. aäp khn-ti-j-X-IÄ:
(1) amXr-k-ky-¯nsâ Ce Npcp«nbp−m-¡p¶ IqSp-I-fn-emWv Ch-cpsS emÀÆ-IÄ A[n-h-kn-¡p-¶-Xv.
(2) sN¼n¨ Xhn-«p-\n-d-¯n-epÅ Nnd-Ip-I-tfmSv IqSn-bXpw AXn shfp-¯-s]m-«p-IÄ ImW-s¸-Sp-¶-Xp-amb C¡q-«À XpÅns¯-dn¨p ]d-¡p¶ hn`m-K-¯nÂs¸-Sp-¶p.
Institute of Land and Disaster Management
(Department of Revenue, Government of Kerala) P.T.P Nagar, Thiruvananthapuram – 695038
Phone/Fax:- 0471-2369997, [email protected]
